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Hou J, Sun Q, Li J, Ahammed GJ, Yu J, Fang H, Xia X. Glutaredoxin S25 and its interacting TGACG motif-binding factor TGA2 mediate brassinosteroid-induced chlorothalonil metabolism in tomato plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113256. [PMID: 31563783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in fresh fruits and vegetables poses a serious threat to human health. Brassinosteroids (BRs) can reduce pesticide residues in plants, but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we identified a tomato glutaredoxin gene GRXS25 which was induced by 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and chlorothalonil (CHT) in a way dependent on apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Silencing of GRXS25 in tomato abolished EBR-induced glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) gene expression and activity, leading to an increased CHT residue. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed protein-protein interaction between GRXS25 and a transcription factor TGA2. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that TGA2 factor bound to the TGACG-motif in the GST3 promoter. While silencing of TGA2 strongly compromised, overexpression of TGA2 enhanced expression of GST genes and CHT residue metabolism. Our results suggest that BR-induced apoplastic ROS trigger metabolism of pesticide residue in tomato plants through activating TGA2 factor via GRXS25-dependent posttranslational redox modification. Activation of plant detoxification through physiological approaches has potential implication in improving the food safety of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Hou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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102
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Holková I, Rauová D, Mergová M, Bezáková L, Mikuš P. Purification and Product Characterization of Lipoxygenase from Opium Poppy Cultures ( Papaver somniferum L.). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234268. [PMID: 31771143 PMCID: PMC6930461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an ancient medicinal plant producing pharmaceutically important benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. In the present work we focused on the study of enzyme lipoxygenase (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) from opium poppy cultures. LOX is involved in lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids have a significant role in regulation of growth, development and plant defense responses to biotic or abiotic stress. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize LOX enzyme from opium poppy callus cultures. LOX was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and then followed by hydrophobic chromatography using Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and hydroxyapatite chromatography using HA Ultrogel sorbent. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis and immunoblotting revealed that LOX from opium poppy cultures was a single monomeric protein showing the relative molecular weight of 83 kDa. To investigate the positional specificity of the LOX reaction, purified LOX was incubated with linoleic acid and the products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography in two steps, firstly with reverse phase (120-5 Nucleosil C18 column) and secondly with normal phase (Zorbax Rx-SIL column). LOX converted linoleic acid primarily to 13-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoic acids (78%) and to a lesser extent 9-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acids (22%). Characterization of LOX from opium poppy cultures provided valuable information in understanding LOX involvement in regulation of signaling pathways leading to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with significant biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Holková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-250-117-313
| | - Drahomíra Rauová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.R.); (P.M.)
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Mergová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Lýdia Bezáková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.R.); (P.M.)
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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103
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Biocatalytic Synthesis of Natural Green Leaf Volatiles Using the Lipoxygenase Metabolic Pathway. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, the lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway combined actions of several enzymes to convert lipid substrates into signaling and defense molecules called phytooxylipins including short chain volatile aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, known as green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are synthesized from C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids that are oxygenated by lipoxygenase (LOX) to form corresponding hydroperoxides, then the action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) produces C6 or C9 aldehydes that can undergo isomerization, dehydrogenation, and esterification. GLVs are commonly used as flavors to confer a fresh green odor of vegetable to perfumes, cosmetics, and food products. Given the increasing demand in these natural flavors, biocatalytic processes using the LOX pathway reactions constitute an interesting application. Vegetable oils, chosen for their lipid profile are converted in natural GLVs with high added value. This review describes the enzymatic reactions of GLVs biosynthesis in the plant, as well as the structural and functional properties of the enzymes involved. The various stages of the biocatalytic production processes are approached from the lipid substrate to the corresponding aldehyde or alcoholic aromas, as well as the biotechnological improvements to enhance the production potential of the enzymatic catalysts.
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104
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Salem MA, Giavalisco P. Mutation in the Arabidopsis regulatory-associated protein TOR 1B ( RAPTOR1B) leads to decreased jasmonates levels in leaf tissue. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1649567. [PMID: 31382813 PMCID: PMC6768200 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1649567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) complex (TORC) regulates plant growth and development by modulation of metabolism in response to environmental cues. TORC contains in its core the TOR kinase and two interacting partners, namely; regulatory-associated partner of TOR (RAPTOR) and lethal with sec thirteen protein 8 (LST8). RAPTOR is described to act as a scaffold protein which recruits substrates for phosphorylation to the TOR kinase. In the current manuscript we show that mutation of Arabidopsis RAPTOR1B leads to significantly decreased levels of free jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-(L)-isoleucine (JA-Ile) as well as its biosynthetic precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). Although raptor1b leaves showed decreased basic JA level compared to WT, the mutant responded substantially to wounding stress by producing the same amount of JA as WT. Furthermore, we could show that the chemical inhibition of TOR by AZD-8055 led to an opposite response. AZD-treated WT and raptor1b leaves accumulated high JA levels. These results strongly imply that the TOR signaling pathway is responding differentially to the inhibition of the TOR kinase as compared to the inhibition of the scaffold protein RAPTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Egypt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
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105
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Jinich A, Sanchez-Lengeling B, Ren H, Harman R, Aspuru-Guzik A. A Mixed Quantum Chemistry/Machine Learning Approach for the Fast and Accurate Prediction of Biochemical Redox Potentials and Its Large-Scale Application to 315 000 Redox Reactions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1199-1210. [PMID: 31404220 PMCID: PMC6661861 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative understanding of the thermodynamics of biochemical reactions is essential for accurately modeling metabolism. The group contribution method (GCM) is one of the most widely used approaches to estimate standard Gibbs energies and redox potentials of reactions for which no experimental measurements exist. Previous work has shown that quantum chemical predictions of biochemical thermodynamics are a promising approach to overcome the limitations of GCM. However, the quantum chemistry approach is significantly more expensive. Here, we use a combination of quantum chemistry and machine learning to obtain a fast and accurate method for predicting the thermodynamics of biochemical redox reactions. We focus on predicting the redox potentials of carbonyl functional group reductions to alcohols and amines, two of the most ubiquitous carbon redox transformations in biology. Our method relies on semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations calibrated with Gaussian process (GP) regression against available experimental data and results in higher predictive power than the GCM at low computational cost. Direct calibration of GCM and fingerprint-based predictions (without quantum chemistry) with GP regression also results in significant improvements in prediction accuracy, demonstrating the versatility of the approach. We design and implement a network expansion algorithm that iteratively reduces and oxidizes a set of natural seed metabolites and demonstrate the high-throughput applicability of our method by predicting the standard potentials of more than 315 000 redox reactions involving approximately 70 000 compounds. Additionally, we developed a novel fingerprint-based framework for detecting molecular environment motifs that are enriched or depleted across different regions of the redox potential landscape. We provide open access to all source code and data generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Jinich
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill−Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Benjamin Sanchez-Lengeling
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Haniu Ren
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Rebecca Harman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Vector
Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
- Biologically-Inspired
Solar Energy Program, Canadian Institute
for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5S 1M1, Canada
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106
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Less photoprotection can be good in some genetic and environmental contexts. Biochem J 2019; 476:2017-2029. [PMID: 31320389 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant systems modulate oxidant-based signaling networks and excessive removal of oxidants can prevent beneficial acclimation responses. Evidence from mutant, transgenic, and locally adapted natural plant systems is used to interpret differences in the capacity for antioxidation and formulate hypotheses for future inquiry. We focus on the first line of chloroplast antioxidant defense, pre-emptive thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light (monitored as nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching, NPQ) as well as on tocopherol-based antioxidation. Findings from NPQ-deficient and tocopherol-deficient mutants that exhibited enhanced biomass production and/or enhanced foliar water-transport capacity are reviewed and discussed in the context of the impact of lower levels of antioxidation on plant performance in hot/dry conditions, under cool temperature, and in the presence of biotic stress. The complexity of cellular redox-signaling networks is related to the complexity of environmental and endogenous inputs as well as to the need for intensified training and collaboration in the study of plant-environment interactions across biological sub-disciplines.
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107
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Lima-Melo Y, Alencar VTCB, Lobo AKM, Sousa RHV, Tikkanen M, Aro EM, Silveira JAG, Gollan PJ. Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Provides Oxidative Protection During Imbalanced Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:916. [PMID: 31354779 PMCID: PMC6640204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of sunlight energy into stored chemical energy, which is achieved through electron transport along a series of redox reactions. Excess photosynthetic electron transport might be dangerous due to the risk of molecular oxygen reduction, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-accumulation. Avoiding excess ROS production requires the rate of electron transport to be coordinated with the capacity of electron acceptors in the chloroplast stroma. Imbalance between the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem I (PSI) can lead to inactivation, which is called PSI photoinhibition. We used a light-inducible PSI photoinhibition system in Arabidopsis thaliana to resolve the time dynamics of inhibition and to investigate its impact on ROS production and turnover. The oxidation state of the PSI reaction center and rates of CO2 fixation both indicated strong and rapid PSI photoinhibition upon donor side/acceptor side imbalance, while the rate of inhibition eased during prolonged imbalance. PSI photoinhibition was not associated with any major changes in ROS accumulation or antioxidant activity; however, a lower level of lipid oxidation correlated with lower abundance of chloroplast lipoxygenase in PSI-inhibited leaves. The results of this study suggest that rapid activation of PSI photoinhibition under severe photosynthetic imbalance protects the chloroplast from over-reduction and excess ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Lima-Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vicente T. C. B. Alencar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana K. M. Lobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rachel H. V. Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joaquim A. G. Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Peter J. Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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108
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Hinz C, Liggi S, Mocciaro G, Jung S, Induruwa I, Pereira M, Bryant CE, Meckelmann SW, O'Donnell VB, Farndale RW, Fjeldsted J, Griffin JL. A Comprehensive UHPLC Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Method for Profiling and Quantification of Eicosanoids, Other Oxylipins, and Fatty Acids. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8025-8035. [PMID: 31074960 PMCID: PMC7613057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of oxylipins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is challenging because of the small mass range occupied by this diverse lipid class, the presence of numerous structural isomers, and their low abundance in biological samples. Although highly sensitive LC/MS/MS methods are commonly used, further separation is achievable by using drift tube ion mobility coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (DTIM-MS). Herein, we present a combined analytical and computational method for the identification of oxylipins and fatty acids. We use a reversed-phase LC/DTIM-MS workflow able to profile and quantify (based on chromatographic peak area) the oxylipin and fatty acid content of biological samples while simultaneously acquiring full scan and product ion spectra. The information regarding accurate mass, collision-cross-section values in nitrogen (DTCCSN2), and retention times of the species found are compared to an internal library of lipid standards as well as the LIPID MAPS Structure Database by using specifically developed processing tools. Features detected within the DTCCSN2 and m/ z ranges of the analyzed standards are flagged as oxylipin-like species, which can be further characterized using drift-time alignment of product and precursor ions distinctive of DTIM-MS. This not only helps identification by reducing the number of annotations from LIPID MAPS but also guides discovery studies of potentially novel species. Testing the methodology on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages and thrombin activated human platelets yields results in agreement with literature. This workflow has also annotated features as potentially novel oxylipins, confirming its ability in providing further insights into lipid analysis of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hinz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1GA , United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Liggi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1GA , United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Mocciaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1GA , United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Jung
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW , United Kingdom
| | - Isuru Induruwa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Milton Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Applied Analytical Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute , Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN , United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW , United Kingdom
| | - John Fjeldsted
- Agilent Technologies , Santa Clara , California 95051 , United States
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1GA , United Kingdom
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109
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Kugler A, Zorin B, Didi-Cohen S, Sibiryak M, Gorelova O, Ismagulova T, Kokabi K, Kumari P, Lukyanov A, Boussiba S, Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Green Microalga Lobosphaera incisa Contribute to Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1205-1223. [PMID: 30668793 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lobosphaera incisa is a green microalga that accumulates high levels of the valuable omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) in triacylglycerols (TAG) under nitrogen (N) starvation. LC-PUFA accumulation is a rare trait in photosynthetic microalgae with insufficiently understood physiological significance. In this study, RNAi was attempted, for the first time in L. incisa, to produce knockdown lines for the Δ5 desaturase gene. Two lines, termed modified lines, which were isolated during screening for transgenic events, demonstrated alterations in their LC-PUFA profile, ARA-biosynthesis gene expression and lipid class distribution. In line M5-78, which appeared to carry a mutation in the Δ6 elongase gene, LC-PUFA were substituted by 18:3n-6 in all glycerolipids. Line M2-35, for which the exact genetic background has not been established, displayed a dramatic reduction in 20:4n-6, concomitant with an augmented proportion of 18:1n-9, in particular in the extraplastidial membrane lipids and TAG. The physiological responses of the modified lines to stressful conditions were compared with the wild type and the Δ5 desaturase mutant. In the N-replete cells of modified lines, the frequency of lipid droplets was reduced, while a number of starch grains increased, suggesting altered partitioning of assimilated carbon into reserve products. Furthermore, both lines exhibited reduced ability to accumulate TAG under N deprivation and recover from N starvation. Both lines demonstrated lower photosynthetic pigment contents, impairments in photosynthesis under a range of stressful conditions, and less efficient functioning of photoprotection under optimal conditions. Possible implications of fatty acids modifications in the stress response of L. incisa are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kugler
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Boris Zorin
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Maria Sibiryak
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ismagulova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamilya Kokabi
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Puja Kumari
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Alexander Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Agriculture and Technology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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110
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Resemann HC, Lewandowska M, G�mann J, Feussner I. Membrane Lipids, Waxes and Oxylipins in the Moss Model Organism Physcomitrella patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1166-1175. [PMID: 30698763 PMCID: PMC6553664 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrella patens receives increased scientific interest since its genome was sequenced a decade ago. As a bryophyte, it represents the first group of plants that evolved in a terrestrial habitat still without a vascular system that developed later in tracheophytes. It is easily transformable via homologous recombination, which enables the formation of targeted loss-of-function mutants. Even though genetics, development and life cycle in Physcomitrella are well studied nowadays, research on lipids in Physcomitrella is still underdeveloped. This review aims on presenting an overview on the state of the art of lipid research with a focus on membrane lipids, surface lipids and oxylipins. We discuss in this review that Physcomitrella possesses very interesting features regarding its membrane lipids. Here, the presence of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA) still shows a closer similarity to marine microalgae than to vascular plants. Unlike algae, Physcomitrella has a cuticle comparable to vascular plants composed of cutin and waxes. The presence of VLC-PUFA in Physcomitrella also leads to a greater variability of signaling lipids even though the phytohormone jasmonic acid is not present in this organism, which is different to vascular plants. In summary, the research on lipids in Physcomitrella is still in its infancy, especially considering membrane lipids. We hope that this review will help to promote the further advancement of lipid research in this important model organism in the future, so we can better understand how lipids are involved in the evolution of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno C Resemann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Milena Lewandowska
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin G�mann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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An JU, Lee IG, Ko YJ, Oh DK. Microbial Synthesis of Linoleate 9 S-Lipoxygenase Derived Plant C18 Oxylipins from C18 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3209-3219. [PMID: 30808175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant oxylipins, including hydroxy fatty acids, epoxy hydroxy fatty acids, and trihydroxy fatty acids, which are biosynthesized from C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are involved in pathogen-specific defense mechanisms against fungal infections. However, their quantitative biotransformation by plant enzymes has not been reported. A few bacteria produce C18 trihydroxy fatty acids, but the enzymes and pathways related to the biosynthesis of plant oxylipins in bacteria have not been reported. In this study, we first report the biotransformation of C18 PUFAs into plant C18 oxylipins by expressing linoleate 9 S-lipoxygenase with and without epoxide hydrolase from the proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus in recombinant Escherichia coli. Among the nine types of plant oxylipins, 12,13-epoxy-14-hydroxy- cis, cis-9,15-octadecadienoic acid was identified as a new compound by NMR analysis, and 9,10,11-hydroxy- cis, cis-6,12-octadecadienoic acid and 12,13,14-trihydroxy- cis, cis-9,15-octadecadienoic were suggested as new compounds by LC-MS/MS analysis. This study shows that bioactive plant oxylipins can be produced by microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ung An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF) , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
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112
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Baek YS, Goodrich LV, Brown PJ, James BT, Moose SP, Lambert KN, Riechers DE. Transcriptome Profiling and Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal GSTs and Other Defense Genes Involved in Multiple Signaling Pathways Induced by Herbicide Safener in Grain Sorghum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:192. [PMID: 30906302 PMCID: PMC6418823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide safeners protect cereal crops from herbicide injury by inducing genes and proteins involved in detoxification reactions, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450s (P450s). Only a few studies have characterized gene or protein expression profiles for investigating plant responses to safener treatment in cereal crops, and most transcriptome analyses in response to safener treatments have been conducted in dicot model species that are not protected by safener from herbicide injury. In this study, three different approaches were utilized in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to investigate mechanisms involved in safener-regulated signaling pathways. An initial transcriptome analysis was performed to examine global gene expression in etiolated shoot tissues of hybrid grain sorghum following treatment with the sorghum safener, fluxofenim. Most upregulated transcripts encoded detoxification enzymes, including P450s, GSTs, and UDP-dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs). Interestingly, several of these upregulated transcripts are similar to genes involved with the biosynthesis and recycling/catabolism of dhurrin, an important chemical defense compound, in these seedling tissues. Secondly, 761 diverse sorghum inbred lines were evaluated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine key molecular-genetic factors governing safener-mediated signaling mechanisms and/or herbicide detoxification. GWAS revealed a significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with safener-induced response on chromosome 9, located within a phi-class SbGST gene and about 15-kb from a different phi-class SbGST. Lastly, the expression of these two candidate SbGSTs was quantified in etiolated shoot tissues of sorghum inbred BTx623 in response to fluxofenim treatment. SbGSTF1 and SbGSTF2 transcripts increased within 12-hr after fluxofenim treatment but the level of safener-induced expression differed between the two genes. In addition to identifying specific GSTs potentially involved in the safener-mediated detoxification pathway, this research elucidates a new direction for studying both constitutive and inducible mechanisms for chemical defense in cereal crop seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Soon Baek
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Loren V. Goodrich
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Jerseyville Research Center, Monsanto Company, Jerseyville, IL, United States
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brandon T. James
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Stephen P. Moose
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kris N. Lambert
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dean E. Riechers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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113
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Wang J, Gao X, Ma Z, Chen J, Liu Y. Analysis of the molecular basis of fruit cracking susceptibility in Litchi chinensis cv. Baitangying by transcriptome and quantitative proteome profiling. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:106-116. [PMID: 30753966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit cracking is a serious problem in Litchi chinensis cv. Baitangying orchards, but few advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis of cracking susceptibility in 'Baitangying'. In this work, we conducted transcriptome and quantitative proteome analyses of the pericarps of three kinds of litchi: noncracking 'Feizixiao' (cracking-resistant cultivar, F), noncracking 'Baitangying' (B), and cracking 'Baitangying' (CB). A total of 101 genes and 14 proteins with the same regulatory changes were found to overlap between CB vs. B and B vs. F, and we focused on these results to avoid the effects of passive progression after fruit cracking. The obtained data suggest that fruit cracking susceptibility in 'Baitangying' is related to pericarp photosynthetic characteristics and the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in this cultivar, which lead to changes in cuticle structure. Furthermore, differences in the pericarp hormone balance between 'Baitangying' and 'Feizixiao' may influence the susceptibility of 'Baitangying' to fruit cracking. This integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data indicates that susceptibility to fruit cracking in 'Baitangying' litchi is regulated both translationally and posttranslationally. Our results may help provide a new perspective for further study of the mechanisms that govern fruit cracking susceptibility in 'Baitangying' litchi and other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugang Wang
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition, Hainan Province, 524091, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, 524091, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Zhiling Ma
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, 524091, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition, Hainan Province, 524091, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, 524091, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition, Hainan Province, 524091, Zhanjiang, China.
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114
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Linoleic and linolenic acid hydroperoxides interact differentially with biomimetic plant membranes in a lipid specific manner. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:384-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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115
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Jiang N, Fan X, Lin W, Wang G, Cai K. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Bacterial Wilt Resistance Mechanism Mediated by Silicon in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030761. [PMID: 30754671 PMCID: PMC6387441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of tomato caused by soilborne pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. Previous studies found that silicon (Si) can increase tomato resistance against R. solanacearum, but the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to investigate the dynamic changes of root transcriptome profiles between Si-treated (+Si) and untreated (−Si) tomato plants at 1, 3, and 7 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum. The contents of salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of defense-related enzymes in roots of tomato in different treatments were also determined. The burst of ET production in roots was delayed, and SA and JA contents were altered in Si treatment. The transcriptional response to R. solanacearum infection of the +Si plants was quicker than that of the untreated plants. The expression levels of differentially-expressed genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), oxidation resistance, and water-deficit stress tolerance were upregulated in the Si-treated plants. Multiple hormone-related genes were differentially expressed in the Si-treated plants. Si-mediated resistance involves mechanisms other than SA- and JA/ET-mediated stress responses. We propose that Si-mediated tomato resistance to R. solanacearum is associated with activated PTI-related responses and enhanced disease resistance and tolerance via several signaling pathways. Such pathways are mediated by multiple hormones (e.g., SA, JA, ET, and auxin), leading to diminished adverse effects (e.g., senescence, water-deficit, salinity and oxidative stress) normally caused by R. solanacearum infection. This finding will provide an important basis to further characterize the role of Si in enhancing plant resistance against biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihao Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xueying Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Weipeng Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Kunzheng Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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116
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Lee HJ, Park OK. Lipases associated with plant defense against pathogens. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:51-58. [PMID: 30709493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When facing microbe invaders, plants activate genetic and metabolic defense mechanisms and undergo extracellular and intracellular changes to obtain a certain level of host resistance. Dynamic adjustment and adaptation occur in structures containing lipophilic compounds and cellular metabolites. Lipids encompassing fatty acids, fatty acid-based polymers, and fatty acid derivatives are part of the fundamental architecture of cells and tissues and are essential compounds in numerous biological processes. Lipid-associated plant defense responses are mostly facilitated by the activation of lipases (lipid hydrolyzing proteins), which cleave or transform lipid substrates in various subcellular compartments. In this review, several types of plant defense-associated lipases are described, including their molecular aspects, enzymatic actions, cellular functions, and possible functional relevance in plant defense. Defensive roles are discussed considering enzyme properties, lipid metabolism, downstream regulation, and phenotypic traits in loss-of-function mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ohkmae K Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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117
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Neuroprotective action of Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on Paraquat intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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118
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Bedini A, Mercy L, Schneider C, Franken P, Lucic-Mercy E. Unraveling the Initial Plant Hormone Signaling, Metabolic Mechanisms and Plant Defense Triggering the Endomycorrhizal Symbiosis Behavior. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1800. [PMID: 30619390 PMCID: PMC6304697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish probably one of the oldest mutualistic relationships with the roots of most plants on earth. The wide distribution of these fungi in almost all soil ecotypes and the broad range of host plant species demonstrate their strong plasticity to cope with various environmental conditions. AM fungi elaborate fine-tuned molecular interactions with plants that determine their spread within root cortical tissues. Interactions with endomycorrhizal fungi can bring various benefits to plants, such as improved nutritional status, higher photosynthesis, protection against biotic and abiotic stresses based on regulation of many physiological processes which participate in promoting plant performances. In turn, host plants provide a specific habitat as physical support and a favorable metabolic frame, allowing uptake and assimilation of compounds required for the life cycle completion of these obligate biotrophic fungi. The search for formal and direct evidences of fungal energetic needs raised strong motivated projects since decades, but the impossibility to produce AM fungi under axenic conditions remains a deep enigma and still feeds numerous debates. Here, we review and discuss the initial favorable and non-favorable metabolic plant context that may fate the mycorrhizal behavior, with a focus on hormone interplays and their links with mitochondrial respiration, carbon partitioning and plant defense system, structured according to the action of phosphorus as a main limiting factor for mycorrhizal symbiosis. Then, we provide with models and discuss their significances to propose metabolic targets that could allow to develop innovations for the production and application of AM fungal inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau Großbeeren/Erfurt, Großbeeren, Germany
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119
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Soccio M, Laus MN, Flagella Z, Pastore D. Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Putative Healthy Effects of Natural Plant Products Using Soybean Lipoxygenase-Based Methods. An Overview. Molecules 2018; 23:E3244. [PMID: 30544620 PMCID: PMC6320953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, increasing demand of antioxidant-rich foods and growing interest in their putative role in prevention of degenerative diseases have promoted development of methods for measuring Antioxidant Capacity (AC). Nevertheless, most of these assays use radicals and experimental conditions far from the physiological ones, and are able to estimate only one or a few antioxidant mechanisms. On the other hand, the novel LOX/RNO and LOX⁻FL methods, based on secondary reactions between the soybean lipoxygenase (LOX)-1 isoenzyme and either 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline (RNO) or fluorescein (FL), may provide a more comprehensive AC evaluation. In fact, they are able to detect simultaneously many antioxidant functions (scavenging of some physiological radical species, iron ion reducing and chelating activities, inhibition of the pro-oxidant apoenzyme) and to highlight synergism among phytochemicals. They are applied to dissect antioxidant properties of several natural plant products: food-grade antioxidants, cereal and pseudocereal grains, grain-derived products, fruits. Recently, LOX⁻FL has been used for ex vivo AC measurements of human blood samples after short- and long-term intakes of some of these foods, and the effectiveness in improving serum antioxidant status was evaluated using the novel Antioxidant/Oxidant Balance (AOB) parameter, calculated as an AC/Peroxide Level ratio. An overview of data is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Soccio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maura N Laus
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Zina Flagella
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Donato Pastore
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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120
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Yoeun S, Cho K, Han O. Structural Evidence for the Substrate Channeling of Rice Allene Oxide Cyclase in Biologically Analogous Nazarov Reaction. Front Chem 2018; 6:500. [PMID: 30425978 PMCID: PMC6218421 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allene oxide cyclase (AOC) is a key enzyme in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic pathway in plants, during which it catalyzes stereospecific conversion of 12,13(S)-epoxy-9(Z),11,15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (12,13-EOT) to cis(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid. Here, rice allene oxide cyclase (OsAOC) was localized to the chloroplast and its native oligomeric structure was analyzed by gel electrophoresis in the absence and presence of a protein-crosslinking reagent. The results suggest that OsAOC exists in solution as a mixture of monomers, dimers, and higher order multimers. OsAOC preferentially exists as dimer at room temperature, but it undergoes temperature-dependent partial denaturation in the presence of SDS. A heteromeric 2:1 complex of OsAOC and rice allene oxide synthase-1 (OsAOS1) was detected after cross-linking. The yield of cis(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid reached maximal saturation at a 5:1 molar ratio of OsAOC to OsAOS1, when OsAOC and OsAOS1 reactions were coupled. These results suggest that the OsAOC dimer may facilitate its interaction with OsAOS1, and that the heteromeric 2:1 complex may promote efficient channeling of the unstable allene oxide intermediate during catalysis. In addition, conceptual similarities between the reaction catalyzed by AOC and Nazarov cyclization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sereyvath Yoeun
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.,Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kyoungwon Cho
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Oksoo Han
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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121
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Zhu J, Wang X, Guo L, Xu Q, Zhao S, Li F, Yan X, Liu S, Wei C. Characterization and Alternative Splicing Profiles of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1765-1781. [PMID: 29726968 PMCID: PMC6135896 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins, including jasmonic acid (JA) and volatiles, are important for signaling in plants, and these are formed by the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme family. There is a large gap in understanding of the underlying molecular basis of their roles in tea plants. Here, we identified 11 CsLOX genes from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), and characterized their phylogeny, gene structure and protein features into three subclasses. We then examined their enzymatic activities, LOX expression and alternative splicing of transcripts during development and in response to abiotic or biotic stresses in tea plants. In vitro expressed protein assays showed that the CsLOX2, 3 and 9 enzymatically function to produce 9/13-HPOT, 13-HPOT and 9-HPOT, respectively. CsLOX2 and CsLOX9 green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins localized to chloroplasts and the cytoplasm, respectively. RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis suggested that CsLOX5, 6 and 9 were predominantly expressed in seeds, flowers and roots, respectively. CsLOX2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 were up-regulated after attack by the insect Ectropis oblique, while CsLOX1 was induced after infection with the pathogen Glomerella cingulata. CsLOX3, 7 and 10 were up-regulated by JA but not ABA or salicylic acid. Long-term cold stress down-regulated CsLOX expression while a short duration of cold induced the expression of CsLOX1, 6 and 7. Alternatively spliced transcripts of six CsLOX genes were dynamically regulated through time and varied in relative abundances under the investigated stresses; we propose a mechanism of competing or compensating regulation between isoforms. This study improves our understanding of evolution of LOXs and regulation of their diverse functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lingxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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122
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Battilani P, Lanubile A, Scala V, Reverberi M, Gregori R, Falavigna C, Dall'asta C, Park Y, Bennett J, Borrego EJ, Kolomiets MV. Oxylipins from both pathogen and host antagonize jasmonic acid-mediated defence via the 9-lipoxygenase pathway in Fusarium verticillioides infection of maize. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2162-2176. [PMID: 29660236 PMCID: PMC6638020 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are a newly emerging group of signals that serve defence roles or promote virulence. To identify specific host and fungal genes and oxylipins governing the interactions between maize and Fusarium verticillioides, maize wild-type and lipoxygenase3 (lox3) mutant were inoculated with either F. verticillioides wild-type or linoleate-diol-synthase 1-deleted mutant (ΔFvlds1D). The results showed that lox3 mutants were more resistant to F. verticillioides. The reduced colonization on lox3 was associated with reduced fumonisin production and with a stronger and earlier induction of ZmLOX4, ZmLOX5 and ZmLOX12. In addition to the reported defence function of ZmLOX12, we showed that lox4 and lox5 mutants were more susceptible to F. verticillioides and possessed decreased jasmonate levels during infection, suggesting that these genes are essential for jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defence. Oxylipin profiling revealed a dramatic reduction in fungal linoleate diol synthase 1 (LDS1)-derived oxylipins, especially 8-HpODE (8-hydroperoxyoctadecenoic acid), in infected lox3 kernels, indicating the importance of this molecule in virulence. Collectively, we make the following conclusions: (1) LOX3 is a major susceptibility factor induced by fungal LDS1-derived oxylipins to suppress JA-stimulating 9-LOXs; (2) LOX3-mediated signalling promotes the biosynthesis of virulence-promoting oxylipins in the fungus; and (3) both fungal LDS1- and host LOX3-produced oxylipins are essential for the normal infection and colonization processes of maize seed by F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly
| | - Valeria Scala
- CREA‐DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification00156 RomeItaly
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental BiologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza”00165 RomeItaly
| | - Rossella Gregori
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly
| | - Claudia Falavigna
- Department of Organic and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Parma43124 ParmaItaly
| | - Chiara Dall'asta
- Department of Organic and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Parma43124 ParmaItaly
| | - Yong‐Soon Park
- BK21 plus program, College of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134South Korea
| | - John Bennett
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M University, College StationTX 77843‐2132USA
| | - Eli J. Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M University, College StationTX 77843‐2132USA
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M University, College StationTX 77843‐2132USA
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Shaban M, Ahmed MM, Sun H, Ullah A, Zhu L. Genome-wide identification of lipoxygenase gene family in cotton and functional characterization in response to abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:599. [PMID: 30092779 PMCID: PMC6085620 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant lipoxygenase (LOX) genes are members of the non-haeme iron-containing dioxygenase family that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into functionally diverse oxylipins. The LOX family genes have been extensively studied under biotic and abiotic stresses, both in model and non-model plant species; however, information on their roles in cotton is still limited. RESULTS A total of 64 putative LOX genes were identified in four cotton species (Gossypium (G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii)). In the phylogenetic tree, these genes were clustered into three categories (9-LOX, 13-LOX type I, and 13-LOX type II). Segmental duplication of putative LOX genes was observed between homologues from A2 to At and D5 to Dt hinting at allopolyploidy in cultivated tetraploid species (G. hirsutum and G. barbadense). The structure and motif composition of GhLOX genes appears to be relatively conserved among the subfamilies. Moreover, many cis-acting elements related to growth, stresses, and phytohormone signaling were found in the promoter regions of GhLOX genes. Gene expression analysis revealed that all GhLOX genes were induced in at least two tissues and the majority of GhLOX genes were up-regulated in response to heat and salinity stress. Specific expressions of some genes in response to exogenous phytohormones suggest their potential roles in regulating growth and stress responses. In addition, functional characterization of two candidate genes (GhLOX12 and GhLOX13) using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach revealed their increased sensitivity to salinity stress in target gene-silenced cotton. Compared with controls, target gene-silenced plants showed significantly higher chlorophyll degradation, higher H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline accumulation but significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, suggesting their reduced ability to effectively degrade accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSION This genome-wide study provides a systematic analysis of the cotton LOX gene family using bioinformatics tools. Differential expression patterns of cotton LOX genes in different tissues and under various abiotic stress conditions provide insights towards understanding the potential functions of candidate genes. Beyond the findings reported here, our study provides a basis for further uncovering the biological roles of LOX genes in cotton development and adaptation to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shaban
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ahmed
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Li HM, Yu CW. Chloroplast Galactolipids: The Link Between Photosynthesis, Chloroplast Shape, Jasmonates, Phosphate Starvation and Freezing Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1128-1134. [PMID: 29727004 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) together constitute approximately 80% of chloroplast lipids. Apart from facilitating the photosynthesis light reaction in the thylakoid membrane, these two lipids are important for maintaining chloroplast morphology and for plant survival under abiotic stresses such as phosphate starvation and freezing. Recently it was shown that severe growth retardation phenotypes of the DGDG-deficient mutant dgd1 were due to jasmonate overproduction, linking MGDG and DGDG homeostasis with phytohormone production and suggesting MGDG as a major substrate for jasmonate biosynthesis. Induction of jasmonate synthesis and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling was also observed under conditions of phosphate starvation. We hypothesize that when DGDG is recruited to substitute for phospholipids in extraplastidic membranes during phosphate deficiency, the altered MGDG to DGDG ratio in the chloroplast envelope triggers the conversion of galactolipids into jasmonates. The conversion may contribute to rebalancing the MGDG to DGDG ratio rapidly to maintain chloroplast shape, and jasmonate production can reduce the growth rate and enhance predator deterrence. We also hypothesize that other conditions, such as suppression of dgd1 phenotypes by trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (tgd) mutations, may all be linked to altered jasmonate production, indicating that caution should be exercised when interpreting phenotypes caused by conditions that may alter the MGDG to DGDG ratio at the chloroplast envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsou-Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Shanab SM, Hafez RM, Fouad AS. A review on algae and plants as potential source of arachidonic acid. J Adv Res 2018; 11:3-13. [PMID: 30034871 PMCID: PMC6052662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as ARA (arachidonic acid, n-6), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, n-3) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid, n-3) cannot be synthesized by mammals and it must be provided as food supplement. ARA and DHA are the major PUFAs that constitute the brain membrane phospholipid. n-3 PUFAs are contained in fish oil and animal sources, while the n-6 PUFAs are mostly provided by vegetable oils. Inappropriate fatty acids consumption from the n-6 and n-3 families is the major cause of chronic diseases as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The n-6: n-3 ratio (lower than 10) recommended by the WHO can be achieved by consuming certain edible sources rich in n-3 and n-6 in daily food meal. Many researches have been screened for alternative sources of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs of plant origin, microbes, algae, lower and higher plants, which biosynthesize these valuable PUFAs needed for our body health. Biosynthesis of C18 PUFAs, in entire plant kingdom, takes place through certain pathways using elongases and desaturases to synthesize their needs of ARA (C20-PUFAs). This review is an attempt to highlight the importance and function of PUFAs mainly ARA, its occurrence throughout the plant kingdom (and others), its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes involved. The methods used to enhance ARA productions through environmental factors and metabolic engineering are also presented. It also deals with advising people that healthy life is affected by their dietary intake of both n-3 and n-6 FAs. The review also addresses the scientist to carry on their work to enrich organisms with ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rehab M. Hafez
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Xie Y, Wang X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identifies genes responsible for fruit count and oil yield in the oil tea plant Camellia chekiangoleosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6637. [PMID: 29703942 PMCID: PMC5923238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit yield is an important trait for horticultural crops. However, the limited fruit yield of Camellia chekiangoleosa, a novel promising oil tree, restricts the production of oil. The breeding improvement is little due to its long generation time and lack of available genomic sequence. We identified distinct fruit count phenotypes, high-yield (HY) and low-yield (LY). To understand the underlying genetic basis, we focused on global gene discovery and expression levels in floral buds, which affect fruit count. A total of 140,299 de novo assembled unigenes were obtained using RNA-seq technology, and more genes were expressed in HY than in LY. 2395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and enriched in membrane, energy metabolism, secondary metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, and 18 other metabolic pathways. Of the DEGs, twelve identified transcription factors, including AP2, mostly involve in inflorescence and flower development and in hormone networks. Key DEGs in fatty acid biosynthesis (Fab) FabB, FabF, FabZ, and AccD were highly expressed in floral buds and associated with high oil yield in fruits. We hypothesized that a potential link exists between fruit count and its oil yield. These findings help to elucidate the molecular cues affecting fruit count and oil yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA.
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Gollan PJ, Lima-Melo Y, Tiwari A, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Interaction between photosynthetic electron transport and chloroplast sinks triggers protection and signalling important for plant productivity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0390. [PMID: 28808104 PMCID: PMC5566885 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic light reactions provide energy that is consumed and stored in electron sinks, the products of photosynthesis. A balance between light reactions and electron consumption in the chloroplast is vital for plants, and is protected by several photosynthetic regulation mechanisms. Photosystem I (PSI) is particularly susceptible to photoinhibition when these factors become unbalanced, which can occur in low temperatures or in high light. In this study we used the pgr5 Arabidopsis mutant that lacks ΔpH-dependent regulation of photosynthetic electron transport as a model to study the consequences of PSI photoinhibition under high light. We found that PSI damage severely inhibits carbon fixation and starch accumulation, and attenuates enzymatic oxylipin synthesis and chloroplast regulation of nuclear gene expression after high light stress. This work shows that modifications to regulation of photosynthetic light reactions, which may be designed to improve yield in crop plants, can negatively impact metabolism and signalling, and thereby threaten plant growth and stress tolerance.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yugo Lima-Melo
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Arjun Tiwari
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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128
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Findling S, Stotz HU, Zoeller M, Krischke M, Zander M, Gatz C, Berger S, Mueller MJ. TGA2 signaling in response to reactive electrophile species is not dependent on cysteine modification of TGA2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195398. [PMID: 29608605 PMCID: PMC5880405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive electrophile species (RES), including prostaglandins, phytoprostanes and 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA), activate detoxification responses in plants and animals. However, the pathways leading to the activation of defense reactions related to abiotic or biotic stress as a function of RES formation, accumulation or treatment are poorly understood in plants. Here, the thiol-modification of proteins, including the RES-activated basic region/leucine zipper transcription factor TGA2, was studied. TGA2 contains a single cysteine residue (Cys186) that was covalently modified by reactive cyclopentenones but not required for induction of detoxification genes in response to OPDA or prostaglandin A1. Activation of the glutathione-S-transferase 6 (GST6) promoter was responsive to cyclopentenones but not to unreactive cyclopentanones, including jasmonic acid suggesting that thiol reactivity of RES is important to activate the TGA2-dependent signaling pathway resulting in GST6 activation We show that RES modify thiols in numerous proteins in vivo, however, thiol reactivity alone appears not to be sufficient for biological activity as demonstrated by the failure of several membrane permeable thiol reactive reagents to activate the GST6 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Findling
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Henrik U. Stotz
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Zoeller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mark Zander
- Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Berger
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Laibach N, Schmidl S, Müller B, Bergmann M, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Small rubber particle proteins from Taraxacum brevicorniculatum promote stress tolerance and influence the size and distribution of lipid droplets and artificial poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) bodies. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1045-1061. [PMID: 29377321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber biosynthesis occurs on rubber particles, i.e. organelles resembling small lipid droplets localized in the laticifers of latex-containing plant species, such as Hevea brasiliensis and Taraxacum brevicorniculatum. The latter expresses five small rubber particle protein (SRPP) isoforms named TbSRPP1-5, the most abundant proteins in rubber particles. These proteins maintain particle stability and are therefore necessary for rubber biosynthesis. TbSRPP1-5 were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts and the proteins were found to be localized on lipid droplets and in the endoplasmic reticulum, with TbSRPP1 and TbSRPP3 also present in the cytosol. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation confirmed pairwise interactions between all proteins except TbSRPP2. The corresponding genes showed diverse expression profiles in young T. brevicorniculatum plants exposed to abiotic stress, and all except TbSRPP4 and TbSRPP5 were upregulated. Young Arabidopsis thaliana plants that overexpressed TbSRPP2 and TbSRPP3 tolerated drought stress better than wild-type plants. Furthermore, we used rubber particle extracts and standards to investigate the affinity of the TbSRPPs for different phospholipids, revealing a preference for negatively charged head groups and 18:2/16:0 fatty acid chains. This finding may explain the effect of TbSRPP3-5 on the dispersity of artificial poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) bodies and on the lipid droplet distribution we observed in N. benthamiana leaves. Our data provide insight into the assembly of TbSRPPs on rubber particles, their role in rubber particle structure, and the link between rubber biosynthesis and lipid droplet-associated stress responses, suggesting that SRPPs form the basis of evolutionarily conserved intracellular complexes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Laibach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina Schmidl
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Bergmann
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Schulze Gronover
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
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Koeduka T. Functional evolution of biosynthetic enzymes that produce plant volatiles. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:192-199. [PMID: 29338642 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1422968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants synthesize volatile compounds to attract pollinators. The volatiles emitted by flowers are often complex mixtures of organic compounds; pollinators are capable of distinctly recognizing different volatile compounds. Plants also produce volatile compounds to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens. Some of the volatile compounds produced in floral and vegetative tissues are toxic to insects and microbes. To adapt changes in the environment, plants have evolved the ability to synthesize a unique set of volatiles. Intensive studies have identified and characterized the enzymes responsible for the formation of plant volatiles. In particular, many biosynthetic genes have been isolated and their enzymatic functions have been proposed. This review describes how plants have evolved the biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of green leaf volatiles and phenylpropene volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Koeduka
- a Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
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131
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An JU, Song YS, Kim KR, Ko YJ, Yoon DY, Oh DK. Biotransformation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to bioactive hepoxilins and trioxilins by microbial enzymes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:128. [PMID: 29317615 PMCID: PMC5760719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepoxilins (HXs) and trioxilins (TrXs) are involved in physiological processes such as inflammation, insulin secretion and pain perception in human. They are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, formed by 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) and epoxide hydrolase (EH) expressed by mammalian cells. Here, we identify ten types of HXs and TrXs, produced by the prokaryote Myxococcus xanthus, of which six types are new, namely, HXB5, HXD3, HXE3, TrXB5, TrXD3 and TrXE3. We succeed in the biotransformation of PUFAs into eight types of HXs (>35% conversion) and TrXs (>10% conversion) by expressing M. xanthus 12-LOX or 11-LOX with or without EH in Escherichia coli. We determine 11-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, HXB3, HXB4, HXD3, TrXB3 and TrXD3 as potential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ partial agonists. These findings may facilitate physiological studies and drug development based on lipid mediators. Hepoxilins (HXs) and trioxilins (TrXs) are lipid metabolites with roles in inflammation and insulin secretion. Here, the authors discover a prokaryotic source of HXs and TrXs, identify the biosynthetic enzymes and heterologously express HXs and TrXs in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ung An
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Rok Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Pye MF, Dye SM, Resende RS, MacDonald JD, Bostock RM. Abscisic Acid as a Dominant Signal in Tomato During Salt Stress Predisposition to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 29740465 PMCID: PMC5924805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress predisposes plants to Phytophthora root and crown rot in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. We used the tomato-Phytophthora capsici interaction to examine zoospore chemoattraction and assessed expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) following a salt-stress episode. Although salt treatment enhances chemoattraction of tomato roots to zoospores, exudates from salt-stressed roots of ABA-deficient mutants, which do not display the predisposition phenotype, have a similar chemoattraction as exudates from salt-stressed, wild-type roots. This suggests that ABA action during predisposing stress enhances disease through effects on plant responses occurring after initial contact and during ingress by the pathogen. The expression of NCED1 (ABA synthesis) and TAS14 (ABA response) in roots generally corresponded to previously reported changes in root ABA levels during salt stress onset and recovery in a pattern that was not altered by infection by P. capsici. The PR genes, P4 and PI-2, hallmarks in tomato for SA and JA action, respectively, were induced in non-stressed roots during infection and strongly suppressed in infected roots exposed to salt-stress prior to inoculation. However, there was a similar proportional increase in pathogen colonization observed in salt-stressed plants relative to non-stressed plants in both wild-type and a SA-deficient nahG line. Unlike the other tomato cultivars used in this study that showed a strong predisposition phenotype, the processing tomato cv. 'Castlemart' and its JA mutants were not predisposed by salt. Salt stress predisposition to crown and root rot caused by P. capsici appears to be strongly conditioned by ABA-driven mechanisms in tomato, with the stress compromising SA-and JA-mediated defense-related gene expression during P. capsici infection.
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Losvik A, Beste L, Glinwood R, Ivarson E, Stephens J, Zhu LH, Jonsson L. Overexpression and Down-Regulation of Barley Lipoxygenase LOX2.2 Affects Jasmonate-Regulated Genes and Aphid Fecundity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122765. [PMID: 29257097 PMCID: PMC5751364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphids are pests on many crops and depend on plant phloem sap as their food source. In an attempt to find factors improving plant resistance against aphids, we studied the effects of overexpression and down-regulation of the lipoxygenase gene LOX2.2 in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on the performance of two aphid species. A specialist, bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) and a generalist, green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) were studied. LOX2.2 overexpressing lines showed up-regulation of some other jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated genes, and antisense lines showed down-regulation of such genes. Overexpression or suppression of LOX2.2 did not affect aphid settling or the life span on the plants, but in short term fecundity tests, overexpressing plants supported lower aphid numbers and antisense plants higher aphid numbers. The amounts and composition of released volatile organic compounds did not differ between control and LOX2.2 overexpressing lines. Up-regulation of genes was similar for both aphid species. The results suggest that LOX2.2 plays a role in the activation of JA-mediated responses and indicates the involvement of LOX2.2 in basic defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Losvik
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Lisa Beste
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Robert Glinwood
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Emelie Ivarson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden; (E.I.); (L.-H.Z.)
| | - Jennifer Stephens
- Cell and Molecular Science, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden; (E.I.); (L.-H.Z.)
| | - Lisbeth Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-8-161-211
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Gessler NN, Filippovich SY, Bachurina GP, Kharchenko EA, Groza NV, Belozerskaya TA. Oxylipins and oxylipin synthesis pathways in fungi. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li J, Hua J, Zhou Q, Dong C, Wang J, Deng Y, Yuan H, Jiang Y. Comprehensive Lipidome-Wide Profiling Reveals Dynamic Changes of Tea Lipids during Manufacturing Process of Black Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10131-10140. [PMID: 29058896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As important biomolecules in Camellia sinensis L., lipids undergo substantial changes during black tea manufacture, which is considered to contribute to tea sensory quality. However, limited by analytical capacity, detailed lipid composition and its dynamic changes during black tea manufacture remain unclear. Herein, we performed tea lipidome profiling using high resolution liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which allows simultaneous and robust analysis of 192 individual lipid species in black tea, covering 17 (sub)classes. Furthermore, dynamic changes of tea lipids during black tea manufacture were investigated. Significant alterations of lipid pattern were revealed, involved with chlorophyll degradation, metabolic pathways of glycoglycerolipids, and other extraplastidial membrane lipids. To our knowledge, this report presented most comprehensive coverage of lipid species in black tea. This study provides a global and in-depth metabolic map of tea lipidome during black tea manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jinjie Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chunwang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China
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Burrell J, Dymond MK, Gillams RJ, Parker DJ, Langley GJ, Labrador A, Nylander T, Attard GS. Using Curvature Power To Map the Domain of Inverse Micellar Cubic Phases: The Case of Aliphatic Aldehydes in 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12804-12813. [PMID: 28981289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins, or fatty aldehydes, are a class of molecules produced from membrane lipids as a result of oxidative stress or enzyme-mediated peroxidation. Here we report the effects of two biologically important fatty aldehydes, trans,trans-2,4-decanedienal (DD) and cis-11-hexadecenal (HD), on the phase behavior of the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in water. We compare the phase behavior of DD/DOPE and HD/DOPE mixtures to the phase behavior of oleic acid/DOPE mixtures and show that DD, HD, and oleic acid have similar effects on the phase diagrams of DOPE. Notably, both DD and HD, like oleic acid, induce the formation of Fd3m inverse micellar cubic phases in DOPE/water mixtures. This is the first time that Fd3m phases in fatty aldehyde-containing mixtures have been reported. We assess the effects of DD, HD, and oleic acid on DOPE in terms of lipid spontaneous curvatures and propose a method to predict the formation of Fd3m phases from the curvature power of amphiphiles. This methodology predicts that Fd3m phases will become stable if the spontaneous curvature of a lipid mixture is -0.48 ± 0.05 nm-1 or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Burrell
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- Division of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Gillams
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Parker
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - G John Langley
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Labrador
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - George S Attard
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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137
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Kollárová R, Holková I, Rauová D, Bálintová B, Mikuš P, Obložinský M. HPLC Analysis and Biochemical Characterization of LOX from Eschscholtzia californica Cham. Molecules 2017; 22:E1899. [PMID: 29113053 PMCID: PMC6150234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant lipoxygenases (LOXs, EC 1.13.11.12) are involved in lipid degradation, regulation of growth and development, senescence, and defence reactions. LOX represents the starting enzyme of the octadecanoid pathway. The aim of the work was to purify LOX from California poppy (Eschscholtzia californica Cham.), to determine its biochemical properties and to identify and quantify the products of LOX reaction with unsaturated fatty acids. METHODS LOX from California poppy seedlings was purified by hydrophobic chromatography (Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B) and by ion-exchange chromatography (Q-Sepharose). The isolated LOX was incubated with linoleic acid used as a substrate. The HPLC experiments were performed with the Agilent Technologies 1050 series HPLC system. For the preparative separation of a mixture of hydroxy fatty acids from the sample matrix, the RP-HPLC method was used (column 120-5 Nucleosil C18). Then, the NP-HPLC analysis (separation, identification, and determination) of hydroxy fatty acid isomers was carried out on a Zorbax Rx-SIL column. RESULTS The purified LOX indicates the presence of a nontraditional plant enzyme with dual positional specificity (a ratio of 9- and 13-hydroperoxide products 1:1), a relative molecular mass of 85 kDa, a pH optimum of 6.5, an increasing activity stimulation by CaCl₂ till 2 mM, and a high substrate reactivity to linoleic acid with kinetic values of KM 2.6 mM and Vmax 3.14 μM/min/mg. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the LOX from California poppy seedlings was partially purified and the biochemical properties of the enzyme were analyzed. A dual positional specificity of the LOX found from California poppy seedlings is in agreement with the results obtained for LOXs isolated from other Papaveraceaes. A 1:1 ratio of 9-/13-HODE is attractive for the simultaneous investigation of both biotic stress responses (indicated by the 9-HODE marker) and the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and jasmonates (indicated by the 13-HODE marker).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Kollárová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ivana Holková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Drahomíra Rauová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Barbora Bálintová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Obložinský
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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138
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Lanubile A, Maschietto V, Borrelli VM, Stagnati L, Logrieco AF, Marocco A. Molecular Basis of Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1774. [PMID: 29075283 PMCID: PMC5644281 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change has been identified as an emerging issue for food security and safety, and the increased incidence of mycotoxin contamination in maize over the last two decades is considered a potential emerging hazard. Disease control by chemical and agronomic approaches is often ineffective and increases the cost of production; for this reason the exploitation of genetic resistance is the most sustainable method for reducing contamination. The review focuses on the significant advances that have been made in the development of transcriptomic, genetic and genomic information for maize, Fusarium verticillioides molds, and their interactions, over recent years. Findings from transcriptomic studies have been used to outline a specific model for the intracellular signaling cascade occurring in maize cells against F. verticillioides infection. Several recognition receptors, such as receptor-like kinases and R genes, are involved in pathogen perception, and trigger down-stream signaling networks mediated by mitogen-associated protein kinases. These signals could be orchestrated primarily by hormones, including salicylic acid, auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid, in association with calcium signaling, targeting multiple transcription factors that in turn promote the down-stream activation of defensive response genes, such as those related to detoxification processes, phenylpropanoid, and oxylipin metabolic pathways. At the genetic and genomic levels, several quantitative trait loci (QTL) and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers for resistance to Fusarium ear rot deriving from QTL mapping and genome-wide association studies are described, indicating the complexity of this polygenic trait. All these findings will contribute to identifying candidate genes for resistance and to applying genomic technologies for selecting resistant maize genotypes and speeding up a strategy of breeding to contrast disease, through plants resistant to mycotoxin-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Maschietto
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Virginia M. Borrelli
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stagnati
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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139
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Hewawasam E, Liu G, Jeffery DW, Muhlhausler BS, Gibson RA. A validated method for analyzing polyunsaturated free fatty acids from dried blood spots using LC-MS/MS. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:1-7. [PMID: 28987716 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated free fatty acids (PUFA-FFA) are precursors to potent downstream lipid mediators that are regulators of inflammation. We describe the development and validation of a novel and sensitive method for quantification of individual PUFA-FFA in a dried blood spot using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Lipids were extracted from dried blood spot and six individual PUFA-FFA were quantified by LC-MS/MS using stable isotope dilution analysis with deuterated internal standards. PUFA-FFA concentrations in blood samples from 30 subjects were measured using the new method and compared to the traditional approach of thin layer chromatography followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-GC). Responses for each PUFA-FFA were linear throughout a range of concentrations expected in clinical samples. Intra-day and inter-day variations for all PUFA-FFA were ≤ 16%. The concentrations of all PUFA-FFA measured by LC-MS/MS were positively correlated with measures of the same PUFA-FFA obtained by a traditional TLC-GC method. This novel method for the quantification of PUFA-FFA extracted from dried blood is sensitive and precise, and accurately measures levels of biologically important PUFA-FFA in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Hewawasam
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Ge Liu
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - David W Jeffery
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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140
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Qi W, Gutierrez GE, Gao X, Dixon H, McDonough JA, Marini AM, Fisher AL. The ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan via NHR-49/PPARα and oxidation to oxylipins. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1125-1135. [PMID: 28772063 PMCID: PMC5595674 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been linked to a reduction in the incidence of aging-associated disease including cardiovascular disease and stroke. Additionally, long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans glp-1 germ line-less mutant animals show a number of changes in lipid metabolism including the increased production of the ω-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA). Here, we show that the treatment of C. elegans with ALA produces a dose-dependent increase in lifespan. The increased longevity of the glp-1 mutant animals is known to be dependent on both the NHR-49/PPARα and SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factors, although the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. We find that ALA treatment increased the lifespan of wild-type worms and that these effects required both of these transcription factors. Specifically, NHR-49 was activated by ALA to promote the expression of genes involved in the β-oxidation of lipids, whereas SKN-1 is not directly activated by ALA, but instead, the exposure of ALA to air results in the oxidation of ALA to a group of compounds termed oxylipins. At least one of the oxylipins activates SKN-1 and enhances the increased longevity resulting from ALA treatment. The results show that ω-3 fatty acids inhibit aging and that these effects could reflect the combined effects of the ω-3 fatty acid and the oxylipin metabolites. The benefits of ω-3 fatty acid consumption on human health may similarly involve the production of oxylipins, and differences in oxylipin conversion could account for at least part of the variability found between observational vs. interventional clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Qi
- Center for Healthy Aging; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Gloria E. Gutierrez
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio TX 78238 USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Hong Dixon
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio TX 78238 USA
| | - Joe A. McDonough
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio TX 78238 USA
| | - Ann M. Marini
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda MD 20814 USA
| | - Alfred L. Fisher
- Center for Healthy Aging; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX 78229 USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX 78229 USA
- GRECC; South Texas VA Healthcare System; San Antonio TX 78229 USA
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141
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Structural and functional insights into the reaction specificity of catalase-related hydroperoxide lyase: A shift from lyase activity to allene oxide synthase by site-directed mutagenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185291. [PMID: 28953966 PMCID: PMC5617202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two highly identical fusion proteins, an allene oxide synthase-lipoxygenase (AOS-LOX) and a hydroperoxide lyase-lipoxygenase (HPL-LOX), were identified in the soft coral Capnella imbricata. Both enzymes initially catalyze the formation of 8R-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (8R-HpETE) from arachidonic acid by the C-terminal lipoxygenase (LOX) domain. Despite the fact that the defined catalytically important residues of N-terminal catalase-related allene oxide synthase (cAOS) domain are also conserved in C. imbricata hydroperoxide lyase (cHPL), their reaction specificities differ. In the present study, we tested which of the amino acid substitutions around the active site of cHPL are responsible for a control in the reaction specificity. The possible candidates were determined via comparative sequence and structural analysis of the substrate channel and the heme region of coral cAOSs and C. imbricata cHPL. The amino acid replacements in cHPL—R56G, ME59-60LK, P65A, F150L, YS176-177NL, I357V, and SSSAGE155-160PVKEGD—with the corresponding residues of cAOS were conducted by site-directed mutagenesis. Although all these mutations influenced the catalytic efficiency of cHPL, only F150L and YS176-177NL substitutions caused a shift in the reaction specificity from HPL to AOS. The docking analysis of P. homomalla cAOS with 8R-HpETE substrate revealed that the Leu150 of cAOS interacts with the C5-C6 double bond and the Leu177 with the hydrophobic tail of 8R-HpETE. We propose that the corresponding residues in cHPL, Phe150 and Ser177, are involved in a proper coordination of the epoxy allylic radical intermediate necessary for aldehyde formation in the hydroperoxide lyase reaction.
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142
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Venkanna D, Südfeld C, Baier T, Homburg SV, Patel AV, Wobbe L, Kruse O. Knock-Down of the IFR1 Protein Perturbs the Homeostasis of Reactive Electrophile Species and Boosts Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1347. [PMID: 28824682 PMCID: PMC5540887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The protein superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR), including members of the atypical type (aSDR), covers a huge range of catalyzed reactions and in vivo substrates. This superfamily also comprises isoflavone reductase-like (IRL) proteins, which are aSDRs highly homologous to isoflavone reductases from leguminous plants. The molecular function of IRLs in non-leguminous plants and green microalgae has not been identified as yet, but several lines of evidence point at their implication in reactive oxygen species homeostasis. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii IRL protein IFR1 was identified in a previous study, analyzing the transcriptomic changes occurring during the acclimation to sulfur deprivation and anaerobiosis, a condition that triggers photobiological hydrogen production in this microalgae. Accumulation of the cytosolic IFR1 protein is induced by sulfur limitation as well as by the exposure of C. reinhardtii cells to reactive electrophile species (RES) such as reactive carbonyls. The latter has not been described for IRL proteins before. Over-accumulation of IFR1 in the singlet oxygen response 1 (sor1) mutant together with the presence of an electrophile response element, known to be required for SOR1-dependent gene activation as a response to RES, in the promoter of IFR1, indicate that IFR1 expression is controlled by the SOR1-dependent pathway. An implication of IFR1 into RES homeostasis, is further implied by a knock-down of IFR1, which results in a diminished tolerance toward RES. Intriguingly, IFR1 knock-down has a positive effect on photosystem II (PSII) stability under sulfur-deprived conditions used to trigger photobiological hydrogen production, by reducing PSII-dependent oxygen evolution, in C. reinhardtii. Reduced PSII photoinhibition in IFR1 knock-down strains prolongs the hydrogen production phase resulting in an almost doubled final hydrogen yield compared to the parental strain. Finally, IFR1 knock-down could be successfully used to further increase hydrogen yields of the high hydrogen-producing mutant stm6, demonstrating that IFR1 is a promising target for genetic engineering approaches aiming at an increased hydrogen production capacity of C. reinhardtii cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Venkanna
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Südfeld
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah V. Homburg
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld University of Applied SciencesBielefeld, Germany
| | - Anant V. Patel
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld University of Applied SciencesBielefeld, Germany
| | - Lutz Wobbe
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
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143
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Bjornson M, Balcke GU, Xiao Y, de Souza A, Wang JZ, Zhabinskaya D, Tagkopoulos I, Tissier A, Dehesh K. Integrated omics analyses of retrograde signaling mutant delineate interrelated stress-response strata. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:70-84. [PMID: 28370892 PMCID: PMC5488868 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis in the face of intrinsic and extrinsic insults, cells have evolved elaborate quality control networks to resolve damage at multiple levels. Interorganellar communication is a key requirement for this maintenance, however the underlying mechanisms of this communication have remained an enigma. Here we integrate the outcome of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics analyses of genotypes including ceh1, a mutant with constitutively elevated levels of both the stress-specific plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite methyl-erythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) and the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA), as well as the high MEcPP but SA deficient genotype ceh1/eds16, along with corresponding controls. Integration of multi-omic analyses enabled us to delineate the function of MEcPP from SA, and expose the compartmentalized role of this retrograde signaling metabolite in induction of distinct but interdependent signaling cascades instrumental in adaptive responses. Specifically, here we identify strata of MEcPP-sensitive stress-response cascades, among which we focus on selected pathways including organelle-specific regulation of jasmonate biosynthesis; simultaneous induction of synthesis and breakdown of SA; and MEcPP-mediated alteration of cellular redox status in particular glutathione redox balance. Collectively, these integrated multi-omic analyses provided a vehicle to gain an in-depth knowledge of genome-metabolism interactions, and to further probe the extent of these interactions and delineate their functional contributions. Through this approach we were able to pinpoint stress-mediated transcriptional and metabolic signatures and identify the downstream processes modulated by the independent or overlapping functions of MEcPP and SA in adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bjornson
- Dept. of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Yanmei Xiao
- Dept. of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amancio de Souza
- Dept. of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jin-Zheng Wang
- Dept. of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Dina Zhabinskaya
- Dept. of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ilias Tagkopoulos
- Dept. of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Dept. of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Dept. of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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144
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Amato A, Dell'Aquila G, Musacchia F, Annunziata R, Ugarte A, Maillet N, Carbone A, Ribera d'Alcalà M, Sanges R, Iudicone D, Ferrante MI. Marine diatoms change their gene expression profile when exposed to microscale turbulence under nutrient replete conditions. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630429 PMCID: PMC5476593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are a fundamental microalgal phylum that thrives in turbulent environments. Despite several experimental and numerical studies, if and how diatoms may profit from turbulence is still an open question. One of the leading arguments is that turbulence favours nutrient uptake. Morphological features, such as the absence of flagella, the presence of a rigid exoskeleton and the micrometre size would support the possible passive but beneficial role of turbulence on diatoms. We demonstrate that in fact diatoms actively respond to turbulence in non-limiting nutrient conditions. TURBOGEN, a prototypic instrument to generate natural levels of microscale turbulence, was used to expose diatoms to the mechanical stimulus. Differential expression analyses, coupled with microscopy inspections, enabled us to study the morphological and transcriptional response of Chaetoceros decipiens to turbulence. Our target species responds to turbulence by activating energy storage pathways like fatty acid biosynthesis and by modifying its cell chain spectrum. Two other ecologically important species were examined and the occurrence of a morphological response was confirmed. These results challenge the view of phytoplankton as unsophisticated passive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Amato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.,Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR5168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Université de Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Recherche en Science et Technologies pour le Vivant, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - Gianluca Dell'Aquila
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.,Zellbiologie Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str, 8 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Musacchia
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Viale Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli - Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ari Ugarte
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ-Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Maillet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.,Institut Pasteur - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub - C3BI - CNRS, USR 3756 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Carbone
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ-Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Remo Sanges
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Iudicone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria I Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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145
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Two new sacrolide-class oxylipins from the edible cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 70:708-709. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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146
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Mitra S, Burger BV, Poddar-Sarkar M. Comparison of headspace-oxylipin-volatilomes of some Eastern Himalayan mosses extracted by sample enrichment probe and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1115-1126. [PMID: 27704278 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosses have an inherent adaptability against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Oxylipins, the volatile metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), play a key role in the chemical defence strategy of mosses. In the present study, a comparative survey of these compounds, including an investigation into their precursor fatty acids (FAs), was carried out for the first time on the mosses Brachymenium capitulatum (Mitt.) Paris, Hydrogonium consanguineum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Hilp., Barbula hastata Mitt., and Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. collected from the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity hotspot. Their headspace volatiles were sampled using a high-efficiency sample enrichment probe (SEP) and were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. FAs from neutral lipid (NL) and phospholipid (PL) fractions were also evaluated. Analysis of the oxylipin volatilome revealed the generation of diverse metabolites from C5 to C18, dominated by alkanes, alkenes, saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and cyclic compounds, with pronounced structural variations. The C6 and C8 compounds dominated the total volatilome of all the samples. Analyses of FAs from membrane PL and storage NL highlighted the involvement of C18 and C20 PUFAs in oxylipin generation. The volatilome of each moss is characterized by a 'signature oxylipin mixture'. Quantitative differences in the C6 and C8 metabolites indicate their phylogenetic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Mitra
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, 734101, India
| | - Barend V Burger
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mousumi Poddar-Sarkar
- Department of Botany (Centre of Advanced Study), Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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147
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Hong CE, Ha YI, Choi H, Moon JY, Lee J, Shin AY, Park CJ, Yoon GM, Kwon SY, Jo IH, Park JM. Silencing of an α-dioxygenase gene, Ca-DOX, retards growth and suppresses basal disease resistance responses in Capsicum annum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:497-509. [PMID: 28004240 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-dioxygenases (α-DOX) catalyzing the primary oxygenation of fatty acids to oxylipins were recently found in plants. Here, the biological roles of the pepper α-DOX (Ca-DOX) gene, which is strongly induced during non-host pathogen infection in chili pepper, were examined. Virus-induced gene silencing demonstrated that down-regulation of Ca-DOX enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens and suppressed the hypersensitive response via the suppression of pathogenesis-related genes such as PR4, proteinase inhibitor II and lipid transfer protein (PR14). Ca-DOX-silenced pepper plants also exhibited more retarded growth with lower epidermal cell numbers and reduced cell wall thickness than control plants. To better understand regulation of Ca-DOX, transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven from a putative Ca-DOX promoter were generated. GUS expression was significantly induced upon avirulent pathogen infection in transgenic Arabidopsis leaves, whereas GUS induction was relatively weak upon virulent pathogen treatment. After treatment with plant hormones, early and strong GUS expression was seen after treatment of salicylic acid, whereas ethylene and methyl jasmonate treatments produced relatively weak and late GUS signals. These results will enable us to further understand the role of α-DOX, which is important in lipid metabolism, defense responses, and growth development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Eun Hong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, South Korea
| | - Young-Im Ha
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyoju Choi
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Ah-Young Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Chang Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Ick-Hyun Jo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, 34141, South Korea.
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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148
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Tawfik MM, Yamato KT, Kohchi T, Koeduka T, Matsui K. n-Hexanal and (Z)-3-hexenal are generated from arachidonic acid and linolenic acid by a lipoxygenase in Marchantia polymorpha L. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1148-1155. [PMID: 28162041 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1285688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants form green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which are mainly composed of six-carbon (C6) compounds. In our effort to study the distribution of the ability of lipoxygenase (LOX) to form GLVs, we found that a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, formed n-hexanal and (Z)-3-hexenal. Some LOXs execute a secondary reaction to form short chain volatiles. One of the LOXs from M. polymorpha (MpLOX7) oxygenized arachidonic and α-linolenic acids at almost equivalent efficiency and formed C6-aldehydes during its catalysis; these are likely formed from hydroperoxides of arachidonic and α-linolenic acids, with a cleavage of the bond between carbon at the base of the hydroperoxy group and carbon of double bond, which is energetically unfavorable. These lines of evidence suggest that one of the LOXs in liverwort employs an unprecedented reaction to form C6 aldehydes as by-products of its reaction with fatty acid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz M Tawfik
- a Graduate School of Medicine (Agriculture) , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan.,d Faculty of Science, Botany Department , Port Said University , Port Said , Egypt
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- b Department of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology , Kinki University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- c Graduate School of Biostudies , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takao Koeduka
- e Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- a Graduate School of Medicine (Agriculture) , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan.,e Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
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149
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Hanano A, Almousally I, Shaban M, Rahman F, Hassan M, Murphy DJ. Specific Caleosin/Peroxygenase and Lipoxygenase Activities Are Tissue-Differentially Expressed in Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seedlings and Are Further Induced Following Exposure to the Toxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2025. [PMID: 28111588 PMCID: PMC5216026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two caleosin/peroxygenase isoforms from date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., PdCLO2 and PdCLO4, were characterized with respect to their tissue expression, subcellular localization, and oxylipin pathway substrate specificities in developing seedlings. Both PdCLO2 and PdCLO4 had peroxygenase activities that peaked at the mid-stage (radicle length of 2.5 cm) of seedling growth and were associated with the lipid droplet (LD) and microsomal fractions. Recombinant PdCLO2 and PdCLO4 proteins heterologously expressed in yeast cells were localized in both LD and microsomal fractions. Each of the purified recombinant proteins exhibited peroxygenase activity but they were catalytically distinct with respect to their specificity and product formation from fatty acid epoxide and hydroxide substrates. We recently showed that date palm CLO genes were upregulated following exposure to the potent toxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (Hanano et al., 2016), and we show here that transcripts of 9- and 13-lipoxygenase (LOX) genes were also induced by TCDD exposure. At the enzyme level, 9-LOX and 13-LOX activities were present in a range of seedling tissues and responded differently to TCDD exposure, as did the 9- and 13-fatty acid hydroperoxide reductase activities. This demonstrates that at least two branches of the oxylipin pathway are involved in responses to the environmental organic toxin, TCDD in date palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of SyriaDamascus, Syria
| | - Ibrahem Almousally
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of SyriaDamascus, Syria
| | - Mouhnad Shaban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of SyriaDamascus, Syria
| | - Farzana Rahman
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, University of South WalesWales, UK
| | - Mehedi Hassan
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, University of South WalesWales, UK
| | - Denis J. Murphy
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, University of South WalesWales, UK
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150
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Mas y mas S, Curien G, Giustini C, Rolland N, Ferrer JL, Cobessi D. Crystal Structure of the Chloroplastic Oxoene Reductase ceQORH from Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:329. [PMID: 28337214 PMCID: PMC5343027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids give rise to accumulation of aldehydes, ketones, and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls of various lengths, known as oxylipins. Oxylipins with α,β-unsaturated carbonyls are reactive electrophile species and are toxic. Cells have evolved several mechanisms to scavenge reactive electrophile oxylipins and decrease their reactivity such as by coupling with glutathione, or by reduction using NAD(P)H-dependent reductases and dehydrogenases of various substrate specificities. Plant cell chloroplasts produce reactive electrophile oxylipins named γ-ketols downstream of enzymatic lipid peroxidation. The chloroplast envelope quinone oxidoreductase homolog (ceQORH) from Arabidopsis thaliana was previously shown to reduce the reactive double bond of γ-ketols. In marked difference with its cytosolic homolog alkenal reductase (AtAER) that displays a high activity toward the ketodiene 13-oxo-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-KODE) and the ketotriene 13-oxo-9(Z), 11(E), 15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13-KOTE), ceQORH binds, but does not reduce, 13-KODE and 13-KOTE. Crystal structures of apo-ceQORH and ceQORH bound to 13-KOTE or to NADP+ and 13-KOTE have been solved showing a large ligand binding site, also observed in the structure of the cytosolic alkenal/one reductase. Positioning of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl of 13-KOTE in ceQORH-NADP+-13-KOTE, far away from the NADP+ nicotinamide ring, provides a rational for the absence of activity with the ketodienes and ketotrienes. ceQORH is a monomeric enzyme in solution whereas other enzymes from the quinone oxidoreductase family are stable dimers and a structural explanation of this difference is proposed. A possible in vivo role of ketodienes and ketotrienes binding to ceQORH is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mas y mas
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, BIG, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAGrenoble, France
| | - Cécile Giustini
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, BIG, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAGrenoble, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, BIG, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAGrenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ferrer
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Grenoble, France
| | - David Cobessi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: David Cobessi
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