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Bringmann HC, Bogdanski M, Seifert G, Voss A. Impact of Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification on HRV in Outpatients With Mild to Moderate Depression: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:808442. [PMID: 35757223 PMCID: PMC9218213 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.808442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific evaluation of mind-body-interventions (MBI), including yoga and meditation, has increased significantly in recent decades. However, evidence of MBI's efficacy on biological parameters is still insufficient. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used HRV analysis to evaluate a novel MBI as a treatment of outpatients with mild to moderate depressive disorder. The Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM) program incorporates all major elements of classical yoga, including ethical principles of yoga philosophy, breathing exercises, postural yoga, and meditation. METHODS In this exploratory randomized controlled trial, we compared the changes in HRV indices of a MBLM group (N = 22) and a minimal treatment group (MINIMAL, drugs only, N = 17) with those of a multimodal treatment-as-usual group (TAU, according to best clinical practice, N = 22). Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were derived from a Holter monitoring device, and HRV indices have been extracted from nearly stationary 20-min periods. RESULTS Short-term HRV analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the pre-to-post changes between MBLM and TAU. In particular, the vagal tone mediating RMSSD and the Rényi entropy of symbolic dynamics indicated HRV gains in MBLM participants compared with TAU. Almost no alterations were observed in the MINIMAL group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a benefit in selected HRV parameters for outpatients with mild to moderate depression participating in the MBLM program. For further investigations, we propose analysis of complete 24-h HRV recordings and additional continuous pulse wave or blood pressure analysis to assess long-term modulations and cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger C Bringmann
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Spremberg Hospital, Spremberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bogdanski
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Voss
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
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OUP accepted manuscript. Health Promot Int 2022:6564482. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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103
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Thurner C, Horing B, Zipfel S, Stengel A, Mazurak N. Autonomic changes as reaction to experimental social stress in an inpatient psychosomatic cohort. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:817778. [PMID: 35990055 PMCID: PMC9385984 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with psychosomatic disorders suffer from social isolation that might further lead to destabilization and exacerbation of bodily symptoms via autonomic pathways. We aimed to investigate the influence of controlled social stress (model of social ostracism) on the autonomic nerve system (ANS) in an inpatient cohort with psychosomatic disorders. METHODS We examined heart rate variability (HRV), skin conductance (SC) and skin temperature (ST) as well as ECG-derived respiration rate (EDR) and subjective reports on stress during exposure to experimental social stress (cyberball game). Data were collected from 123 participants (f:m = 88:35, 42.01 ± 13.54 years) on admission and upon discharge from the university psychosomatic clinic. All data were recorded during baseline, inclusion and exclusion phases of the cyberball game as well as during the recovery phase. RESULTS We found significant changes between admission and discharge with a decline in parasympathetic-related HRV parameters (SDRR -3.20 ± 1.30 ms, p = 0.026; RMSSD: -3.77 ± 1.28 ms, p = 0.007) as well as a decrease in SC (-0.04 ± 0.17 μS, p = 0.019) and EDR (-0.01 ± 0.01 Hz, p = 0.007), suggesting a drop in sympathetic tonus, with no changes in ST (p = 0.089) and subjective stress levels (p = 0.322). HRV parameters decreased during the cyberball game (SDRR p = 0.026; RMSSD p = 0.002; lnHF p < 0.001). In contrast, both SC (p < 0.001) and EDR (p < 0.001) increased during the game with SC being slightly lower during the exclusion phase. This can point toward a stimulation of sympathetic nervous system during game participation, which was concordant with the rise in subjective stress values (p < 0.001). ST showed a continuous, unspecific rise over time (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the decrease of ANS parameters during experimental social stress when data upon discharge were compared to those upon admission. These results are partially contradictory to previous studies that showed a rise in HRV in a psychiatric cohort over the course of (outpatient) treatment. Further research is required to help attributing these differences to effects of treatment or acute states relating to admission to or discharge from a psychosomatic department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Thurner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Horing
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nazar Mazurak
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Momma R, Nakata Y, Sawai A, Takeda M, Natsui H, Mukai N, Watanabe K. Comparisons of the Prevalence, Severity, and Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea between Japanese Female Athletes and Non-Athletes in Universities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010052. [PMID: 35010312 PMCID: PMC8744957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the difference in the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of dysmenorrhea between Japanese female athletes and non-athletes in universities. The participants were 18 to 30 years old with no history of a previous pregnancy and/or childbirth. After application of the exclusion criteria, the cohort comprised 605 athletes and 295 non-athletes. An anonymous questionnaire, which included self-reported information on age, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle days, menstrual duration, dysmenorrhea severity, sleeping hours, dietary habits, exercise habits, training hours, and competition level was administered. Compared with athletes, non-athletes had a higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea (85.6% in athletes, 90.5% in non-athletes, p < 0.05); non-athletes also demonstrated increased severity (none/mild 27.8%, moderate 19.3%, and severe 52.9% in athletes; none/mild 21.2%, moderate 17.2%, and severe 61.6% in non-athletes; p < 0.05). Factors related to severe dysmenorrhea in athletes included long training hours, early menarche, and prolonged menstrual periods. In non-athletes, short menstrual cycle days and extended menstrual periods were related to severe dysmenorrhea. The prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea were higher among non-athletes than among athletes; different factors were related to severe dysmenorrhea in these two groups. Thus, different strategies are necessary to manage dysmenorrhea for athletes and non-athletes in universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Momma
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058574, Japan; (R.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058574, Japan; (Y.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Akemi Sawai
- Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, 8-19-1 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya, Tokyo 1578565, Japan;
| | - Maho Takeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058574, Japan; (R.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Hiroaki Natsui
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, 8-19-1 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya, Tokyo 1578565, Japan;
| | - Naoki Mukai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058574, Japan; (Y.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058574, Japan; (Y.N.); (N.M.)
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Practice or performance? A content analysis of yoga-related videos on Instagram. Body Image 2021; 39:175-183. [PMID: 34487998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Representations of yoga within media have become increasingly idealised, depicting typical practitioners as young, thin, and physically competent. While previous content analyses of yoga have focused on still images, social media platforms such as Instagram encourage the use of video to enhance viewer engagement. Video may contain features which reflect a more nuanced view of the body, and therefore the current study analysed 400 women in yoga-related videos on Instagram for appearance characteristics, body conceptualisation, yoga pose type, risk, and perceived intention. The vast majority of women were perceived to be in their 20s and thin or athletic. Only 13.2 % of women showed average visible levels of body fat, while more than a third displayed visible muscularity across multiple muscle groups. There was little presence of objectification with the majority of women in active poses, though more than 60 % of poses/sequences were advanced and potentially risky. The vast majority of videos appeared to be for the purpose of demonstrating skill rather than instructing the viewer. The findings show that videos on Instagram perpetuate unrealistic appearance ideals in yoga and also provide a platform for content creators to engage viewers by representing yoga as a highly performative, predominantly advanced physical activity.
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Heart rate variability: A biomarker of selective response to mindfulness-based treatment versus fluoxetine in generalized anxiety disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1087-1092. [PMID: 34706418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are effective for some, but not all patients with anxiety disorders, but no clinical features have been consistently able to differentiate which patients are more likely to respond. In this study, we tested heart rate variability (HRV), a proposed correlate of regulated emotional response, as a moderator of treatment response to an MBI compared with pharmacotherapy. METHODS Seventy-seven patients with GAD had HRV data collected before randomization to pharmacological treatment with fluoxetine or Body-in-Mind Training (an MBI focused on bodily movement attention). HRV was used to predict treatment response measured by the Hamilton anxiety rating scale at 0 (baseline), 5, and 8 weeks (end of the intervention). RESULTS The HF (nu) index of HRV was a strong moderator of treatment response between BMT and fluoxetine (estimate = 4.27 95%CI [1.19, 8.19]). Although fluoxetine was overall slightly superior to BMT in this study, no differences were found between groups in patients with high HF (nu) scores (estimate = -1.85 CI95% [-9.21, 5.52]). In contrast, patients with low HF (nu) achieved lower anxiety rating scores with fluoxetine treatment when compared with BMT (estimate = -10.29, 95% CI [-17.59, -2.99]). LIMITATIONS A relatively small sample of patients was included. CONCLUSIONS HRV was able to identify a subgroup for which MBI was less effective than pharmacotherapy and is a promising candidate as a selective biomarker for treatment response between an MBI and fluoxetine.
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107
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Nongrem G, Surve A, Venkatesh P, Sagar R, Yadav RK, Chawla R, Vohra R, Kumar A. Effect of short-term meditation training in central serous chorioretinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:3559-3563. [PMID: 34826995 PMCID: PMC8837379 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3499_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Stress and Type A personality are established risk factors for the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Meditation is known to have a positive effect on reducing stress levels. This study aimed to assess the effect of short-term meditation training in patients of CSC. Methods: A pilot study was conducted where 40 patients diagnosed with acute and non-resolving CSC were randomly assigned to either of two groups – meditation training and routine care (without meditation). The primary outcome measure was time to resolution of CSC based on optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography. Secondary outcome measures were changes in anxiety score (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI] scores) and blood pressure. The patients were followed up for a minimum period of 4 months. Results: Twenty cases were included in each group. The demographic pattern, baseline swept-source optical coherence tomography parameters, and STAI scores were similar in both groups. The time to disease resolution was 9.4 ± 4.22 weeks in the meditation group and 19.5 ± 2.79 weeks in the nonmeditation group (P < 0.001). At 4 months, CSC had failed to resolve in 60% of patients with routine care compared with 8% in cases following short-term meditation training. STAI scores showed a reduction in stress levels in the meditation group. Furthermore, statistically significant improvement in systolic and diastolic blood pressures was also observed following meditation training. Conclusion: Short-term meditation training may be a useful approach in the management of patients with CSC as it tends to reduce stress and prehypertension, and promotes earlier resolution of the condition. However, patient’s motivation to complete and pursue the meditation training is a significant barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisilda Nongrem
- Vitreo-Retina, Uvea and ROP Services; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhidnya Surve
- Vitreo-Retina, Uvea and ROP Services; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Venkatesh
- Vitreo-Retina, Uvea and ROP Services; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Raj K Yadav
- Department of Physiolology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Chawla
- Vitreo-Retina, Uvea and ROP Services; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajpal Vohra
- Vitreo-Retina, Uvea and ROP Services; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Vitreo-Retina, Uvea and ROP Services; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Jalilianhasanpour R, Asadollahi S, Yousem DM. Creating joy in the workplace. Eur J Radiol 2021; 145:110019. [PMID: 34798537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.110019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Creating a joyful workplace is not the same as dealing with issues of stress, fatigue, burn-out, and resilience. It requires a proactive approach to augment feelings of worth, appreciation, and well-being in the members of the team. The sense that one is pursuing worthwhile, valuable activities requires a wholesale commitment to the mission, vision and values of the organization. These tenets are often created through an organic consensus of collegial workmates and then put to action by a leadership team. Reassessing the goals and virtues of the organization at appropriate intervals leads to ongoing loyalty and commitment to the team and a positive attitude. Well-being is addressed through the creation of a bright and cheerful physical and psychosocial workplace that offers programs that encourage mindfulness, humor, playfulness, and fitful lifestyle choices. The sense that one's work is appreciated and valued stems from an attitude of gratitude on behalf of all levels of the organization including management and peers where such encouragement flourishes. Those expressions of appreciation may be in the form of celebrations in the workplace and/or compensation and benefits that appropriately value the contributions of the employee. The organization's executive team should be dedicated to crafting an environment that leads to delighted, healthy employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Jalilianhasanpour
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shadi Asadollahi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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109
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Bennetts A. How does yoga practice and therapy yield psychological benefits? A review and model of transdiagnostic processes. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 46:101514. [PMID: 34837807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interest in yoga as an intervention for psychological wellbeing has increased in recent years, with literature investigating beneficial effects in a variety of presentations and settings. The theoretical understanding of this benefit has previously focused on physiological changes involved in yoga practice, however interest has turned to the potential psychological mechanisms eliciting psychological wellbeing. The current paper builds on previous theory and argues that yoga practice targets transdiagnostic psychological processes; mechanisms that feature commonly across a wide range of presentations, thus reducing distress and increasing wellbeing across clinical and non-clinical populations. Features of yoga practice are discussed in relation to these transdiagnostic processes and the features of modern talking therapies. A new model is proposed positing specific aspects of yoga practice correlate with specific transdiagnostic processes to elicit psychological change and argues that the mechanisms by which change occurs are directly compared with the changes observed in talking therapies. The implications for future research and the potential for this to support the commissioning of holistic approaches in clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bennetts
- School of Psychology, The University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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110
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Verma MR, Rao RD, Langade D, Jain AK, Guha A, Mohan M. Assessment of yogic relaxation techniques for its anxiolytic effects in patients requiring endodontic treatment: A prospective, randomized controlled study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:209-213. [PMID: 34759592 PMCID: PMC8562829 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_97_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to assess the anxiolytic effects of yogic relaxation technique (YRT) in patients requiring root canal treatment (RCT). Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 30 patients undergoing RCT with baseline visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-A) of score >4 were divided into Group 1: YRTs; Group 2: alprazolam (0.25 mg/0.5 mg), and Group 3: placebo. After 30 min of completion of YRT, endodontic treatment was performed. Reduction in anxiety was analyzed using state anxiety score (domain) of the state-trait anxiety inventory scale. Results: There was no significant difference in anxiety score 1 h before RCT between groups (P = 0.401). Ten minutes before (P < 0.0001) and after RCT (P < 0.0001), there was significant difference between groups (yogic relaxation vs. alprazolam [P < 0.0001]; yogic relaxation vs. placebo [P < 0.0001]). Ten minutes before RCT, yoga relaxation showed significant difference in anxiety score for pain versus alprazolam and placebo (P < 0.0001 for both). Ten minutes after RCT, the change from baseline in mean anxiety score for pain was significantly different with yogic relaxation (versus alprazolam [P = 0.043]; versus placebo [P = 0.002]). As per the global assessment of efficacy, the response was excellent in 9 (90%), 2 (20%), and 1 (10%) patients in yoga relaxation group, alprazolam group, and placebo group, respectively. Difference in response between three groups was significant (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the global assessment of tolerability between three groups (P = 0.535). No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Before RCT, YRT is an effective alternative to anxiolytic agents, alprazolam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi R Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Yoga, Sri Sri Institute of Advanced Research, Badamanavarathekaval, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul D Rao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Langade
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish K Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ananya Guha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Malavika Mohan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sofianopoulou K, Bacopoulou F, Vlachakis D, Kokka I, Alexopoulos E, Varvogli L, Chrousos GP, Darviri C. Stress Management in Elementary School Students: a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34621631 PMCID: PMC8494420 DOI: 10.14806/ej.26.1.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that stress experiences begin in early stages of life. Stress management techniques have appeared to be beneficial for the development or enhancement of stress coping skills. The aim of this pilot randomised controlled trial was to assess the effect of a 12-week intervention, comprising training in diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscular relaxation, on elementary school students’ stress levels. Outcomes on the quality of life and behavioural aspects of the students were also assessed. Standardised questionnaires were administered at baseline and after the 12-week intervention program. Fifty-two children aged 10 to 11 years were randomly assigned to intervention (n=24) and control groups (n=28). Children of the intervention group demonstrated lower levels of stress (in all three subscales of lack of well-being, distress, and lack of social support) and improved aspects of quality of life (physical, emotional, and school functioning). No significant differences were observed regarding the examined behavioural dimensions, in the intervention group. Larger randomised controlled trials with follow-up evaluations are needed to ascertain the positive outcomes of such programs on elementary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sofianopoulou
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Kokka
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evaggelos Alexopoulos
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Liza Varvogli
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Effect of Yoga on Blood Pressure in Prehypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:4039364. [PMID: 34552393 PMCID: PMC8452415 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4039364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prehypertension is a precursor for developing hypertension and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Yoga therapy may have a role in lowering the blood pressures in prehypertension and hypertension. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available literature for the same. Methodology. Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for randomised control trials only in the time duration of 2010–2021. The main outcome of interest was systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria, and 8 articles were recruited for the review. Meta-analysis was done for suitable articles. RevMan 5.4 by Cochrane was used for meta-analysis and forest plot construction. Risk of bias was determined using the Downs and Black checklist by three independent authors. Results The meta-analysis of the articles favoured yoga intervention over the control intervention. Yoga therapy had significantly reduced the systolic pressure (−0.62 standard mean difference, at IV fixed 95% CI: −0.83, −0.41) and diastolic pressure (−0.81 standard mean difference, at IV random 95% CI: −1.39, −0.22). Secondary outcome measures studied were heart rate, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and lipid profile. The main protocol of yoga therapy included postures, breathing exercises, and different meditation techniques. A significant reduction in secondary outcomes was observed, except for HDL values in lipid profile which showed a gradual increase in yoga group in comparison with alternative therapy. Conclusion Yoga therapy has shown to be significant in the reduction of systolic and diastolic pressure in prehypertensive population. Supporting evidence lacks in providing a proper structured dosage of yoga asanas and breathing techniques. Considering the existing literature and evidence, Yoga therapy can be used and recommended in prehypertensive population and can be beneficial in reducing the chances of developing hypertension or cardiovascular diseases.
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de Sousa GM, Tavares VDDO, de Meiroz Grilo MLP, Coelho MLG, de Lima-Araújo GL, Schuch FB, Galvão-Coelho NL. Mental Health in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Review of Prevalence Meta-Analyses. Front Psychol 2021; 12:703838. [PMID: 34621212 PMCID: PMC8490780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental health burden has been massively reported during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Aiming to summarise these data, we present a meta-review of meta-analyses that evaluated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety, depressive and stress symptoms, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder/symptoms (PTSD), and sleep disturbance, reporting its prevalence on general public (GP) and health care workers (HCW). Methods: A search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science. Sleep disturbances, psychological distress, stress, and burnout were grouped as "Psychophysiological stress," and anxiety, depression, and PTSD were grouped as "Psychopathology." A random-effects model, calculating the pooled prevalence together with 95% confidence interval was performed for each domain. Subgroup analyses were performed for each population type (GP and HCW) and for each mental health outcome. For anxiety and depression, subgroup analysis for population type was performed. Heterogeneity is reported as I 2. Publication bias was assessed through visual inspection of the funnel plot, and further tested by Egger's test and trim and fill analyses. Results: A total of 18 meta-analyses were included. The prevalence of psychophysiological stress was 31.99% (CI: 26.88-37.58, I 2 = 99.9%). HCW showed a higher prevalence (37.74%, CI: 33.26-42.45, I 2 = 99.7%) than the GP (20.67%, 15.07-27.66, I 2 = 99.9%). The overall prevalence of insomnia, psychological distress, and stress were, respectively, 32.34% (CI: 25.65-39.84), 28.25% (CI: 18.12-41.20), and 36% (CI: 29.31-43.54). Psychopathology was present at 26.45% (CI: 24.22-28.79, I 2 = 99.9%) of the sample, with similar estimates for population (HCW 26.14%, CI: 23.37-29.12, I 2 = 99.9%; GP: 26.99%, CI: 23.41-30.9, I 2 = 99.9%). The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD was 27.77% (CI: 24.47-31.32), 26.93% (CI: 23.92-30.17), and 20% (CI: 15.54-24.37), respectively. Similar proportions between populations were found for anxiety (HCW = 27.5%, CI: 23.78-31.55; GP = 28.33%, CI: 22.1-35.5) and depression (HCW = 27.05%, CI: 23.14-31.36; GP = 26.7%, CI: 22.32-31.59). Asymmetry in the funnel plot was found, and a slight increase in the estimate of overall psychopathology (29.08%, CI: 26.42-31.89) was found after the trim and fill analysis. Conclusions: The prevalence of mental health problems ranged from 20 to 36%. HCW presented a higher prevalence of psychophysiological stress than the general population. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=252221, identifier: CRD42021252221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovan Menezes de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology and Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Vagner Deuel de Oliveira Tavares
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology and Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Lara Porpino de Meiroz Grilo
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology and Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Monique Leite Galvão Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Geissy Lainny de Lima-Araújo
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology and Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), São Paulo, Brazil
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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114
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Aguilar-Raab C, Stoffel M, Hernández C, Rahn S, Moessner M, Steinhilber B, Ditzen B. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindfulness, stress, salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol in everyday life. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13937. [PMID: 34525214 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A large body of literature has shown the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on stress-reduction. However, little is known about their effects on psychobiological stress-markers in daily life through an ecological momentary assessment approach. Our study examines the effects of MBI on state mindfulness, perceived stress, and indicators of sympathetic-nervous-system (saliva alpha-amylase, sAA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (saliva cortisol, sCort) activation in daily life. Twenty-eight individuals participated in a three-month MBI (IG) and were compared to 46 controls (CG). An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to assess mindfulness, stress, sAA and sCort at six measurements per day on two days each before and after the MBI. Multilevel-modeling was used to analyze the data on a moment-to-moment and averaged day-level. The IG showed decreased sAA levels (AUCg) from pre to post, while the CG showed increases. Furthermore, diurnal decreases in sCort (AUCi) were pronounced in the IG compared to the CG. On a momentary basis, mindfulness was associated with lower stress and sAA levels, but not sCort. As such, we show that MBI can reduce sympathetic and to a lesser extent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation in daily life. Increased mindfulness can momentarily decrease stress and stress-related autonomic activation with implications for health. Our results emphasize the importance of brief interventions that can be easily integrated into everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Aguilar-Raab
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristóbal Hernández
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stefanie Rahn
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Moessner
- Institute of Psychosocial Prevention, Center for Psychotherapy Research, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Steinhilber
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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115
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Polutchko SK, Glime GNE, Demmig-Adams B. Synergistic Action of Membrane-Bound and Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Neuroprotection. Molecules 2021; 26:5385. [PMID: 34500818 PMCID: PMC8434335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of neurodegeneration during aging, and support of optimal brain function throughout the lifespan, requires protection of membrane structure and function. We review the synergistic action of different classes of dietary micronutrients, as well as further synergistic contributions from exercise and stress reduction, in supporting membrane structure and function. We address membrane-associated inflammation involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produce immune regulators from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of membrane phospholipids. The potential of dietary micronutrients to maintain membrane fluidity and prevent chronic inflammation is examined with a focus on synergistically acting membrane-soluble components (zeaxanthin, lutein, vitamin E, and omega-3 PUFAs) and water-soluble components (vitamin C and various phenolics). These different classes of micronutrients apparently operate in a series of intertwined oxidation-reduction cycles to protect membrane function and prevent chronic inflammation. At this time, it appears that combinations of a balanced diet with regular moderate exercise and stress-reduction practices are particularly beneficial. Effective whole-food-based diets include the Mediterranean and the MIND diet (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet, where DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA; (S.K.P.); (G.N.E.G.)
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116
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Doedee F, van den Houdt S, Widdershoven J, Kupper N. Chronic stress exposure in men and women, and implications for the course of fatigue after percutaneous coronary intervention; the THORESCI study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 72:45-52. [PMID: 34280618 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a prevalent symptom in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Individual differences in chronic stress may affect the experience and persistence of fatigue, and this may vary between the sexes. Therefore, we studied the effect of chronic stress on the course of fatigue over a 2-year period after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and examined the moderating effects of sex. METHODS 1682 patients (78% men, age = 67.1 ± 10.6) were recruited and filled out multiple self-report questionnaires at baseline, one, 12, and 24 months post-PCI, including questions on demographics, fatigue (HCS). Multiple chronic stressors were assessed at baseline: work stress (ERI16), marital stress (MMQ-6), early life events (Life Events Questionnaire) and social stress. Latent class factor analysis (LatentGOLD) was used to construct a comprehensive chronic stress index. Linear mixed modeling examined the predictive quality of predictors and covariates. RESULTS Fatigue was found to substantially decrease over the first month post-PCI, then stabilized at a moderate level. Chronic stress impacted both the level and course of fatigue by increasing its level and delaying recovery. Overall and across time, women reported more fatigue than men. The level and course effects of chronic stress and sex were independent of demographic, health behavioral, and medical covariates. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in chronic stress impact both the level and course of fatigue post-PCI, with women being affected most. Future research could further explain the mechanisms underlying the observed relationships. Developing and testing interventions focusing on exercise and stress-reduction could be used to alleviate fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Doedee
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie van den Houdt
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Widdershoven
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Kupper
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
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117
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Sharpe E, Lacombe A, Sadowski A, Phipps J, Heer R, Rajurkar S, Hanes D, Jindal RD, Bradley R. Investigating components of pranayama for effects on heart rate variability. J Psychosom Res 2021; 148:110569. [PMID: 34271528 PMCID: PMC8568305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traditional Indian breath control practices of Pranayama have been shown to increase indices of heart rate variability (HRV) that are generally held to reflect parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) tone. To our knowledge, individual components of pranayama have not been separately evaluated for impact on HRV. The objective of this study was to isolate five components of a pranayama practice and evaluate their impact on HRV. METHODS In a crossover clinical trial, 46 healthy adults were allocated to complete five activities in random order, over five separate visits: 1) sitting quietly; 2) self-paced deep breathing; 3) externally-paced deep breathing; 4) self-paced Sheetali/Sheetkari pranayama; and 5) externally paced Sheetali/Sheetkari pranayama RESULTS: Our final sample included 25 participants. There was a significant increase in a time-domain index of HRV, the root mean square successive differences between RR intervals (RMSSD), during the five interventions. The change in logRMSSD ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 (p < .01 in all conditions by paired t-test). Greater increases were evident during externally-paced breathing than during self-paced breathing (mean pre-during logRMSSD change of 0.50 vs. 0.36, p = .02) or sitting quietly (mean, 0.17 ms; p = .005 and 0.02 when comparing Activities 3 and 5 to Activity 1 by random intercept model with Tukey correction for multiple comparisons). Lastly, pre-during increase in RMSSD was greater for Sheetali/Sheetkari vs. deep breathing, when controlling for respiration rate, though not significantly different (p = .07 in random intercept model) CONCLUSIONS: RMSSD increased with paced breathing, deep breathing, and Sheetali/Sheetkari pranayama, reinforcing evidence of a physiologic mechanism of pranayama. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03280589 https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03280589?term=sheetali&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sharpe
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States of America; State University of New York at Canton, Canton, NY, United States of America.
| | - Alison Lacombe
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR,United States Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, CA
| | - Adam Sadowski
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - John Phipps
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Ryan Heer
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR
| | - Savita Rajurkar
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Douglas Hanes
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Ripu D Jindal
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
| | - Ryan Bradley
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States of America; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
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118
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The Impact of an Online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Sleep Quality of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Care Units: A Clinical Trial. Holist Nurs Pract 2021; 35:257-263. [PMID: 34407023 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is associated with impaired sleep quality in nurses for several reasons. The present study aimed to determine the effect of an online mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on improving the sleep quality of nurses working in the COVID-19 care units. In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, all nurses in the 2 COVID-19 patient care units were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. The MBSR program was implemented online for 7 weeks for the intervention group by a trainer. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was completed online by the participants in both groups before and after the intervention. The results of the data analysis indicated that the intervention improved the scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency in the intervention group. In the control group, there was a significant increase in the scores of subjective sleep quality, daily performance, and the total index score in the posttest. Besides, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups in only 2 components of sleep latency and subjective sleep quality. The MBSR program can be an effective intervention to improve the sleep quality of nurses working in COVID-19 intensive care units who are at risk of sleep quality disorders in stressful situations.
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119
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Muresanu C, Somasundaram SG, Vissarionov SV, Gavryushova LV, Nikolenko VN, Mikhaleva LM, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. Hypothetical Role of Growth Factors to Reduce Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Significantly through Trained Biological Transformations. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2221-2230. [PMID: 33076800 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201019104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the evidence of little or no therapeutic benefit of injection-based growth factor therapies, it has been proposed that a naturally triggered uninterrupted blood circulation of the growth factors would be superior. OBJECTIVE We seek to stimulate discussions and more research about the possibility of using the already available growth factors found in the prostate gland and endometrium by starting novel educable physiology, known as biological transformations controlled by the mind. METHODS We summarized the stretch-gated ion channel mechanism of the cell membrane and offer several practical methods that can be applied by anyone, in order to stimulate and enhance the blood circulation of the growth factors from the seminal fluid to sites throughout the body. This study describes, in detail, the practical application of our earlier published studies about biological transformations. RESULTS A previously reported single-patient case study has been extended, adding more from his personal experiences to continually improve this novel physiological training and extending the ideas from our earlier findings in detail. CONCLUSION The biological transformation findings demonstrate the need for additional research to establish the benefits of these natural therapies to repair and rejuvenate tissues affected by various chronic diseases or aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Muresanu
- Research Center for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapies (BIODIATECH), Str. Trifoiului nr. 12 G, 400478, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Siva G Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, United States
| | - Sergey V Vissarionov
- Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russian Federation
| | - Liliya V Gavryushova
- Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, 410012, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation
| | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, United States
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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Cheshire A, Cartwright T. A Population-Practice-Based Model to Understand How Yoga Impacts on Human Global Functioning: A Qualitative Study. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:991-1001. [PMID: 34370551 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Research is increasingly demonstrating a range of benefits of practicing yoga, such as improved physical and mental health, social connectedness, and self-care. Mechanisms of action are less well understood, but may include both psychological and physiological changes. The aim of this study was to understand more about benefits and mechanisms of yoga practice, using qualitative data collected from a large-scale survey of yoga use in the United Kingdom. Methods: The mixed methods, cross-sectional online survey collected data on yoga use and perceived benefits from 2434 U.K. yoga practitioners. The qualitative survey element used open-ended questions to gain "real life" data regarding practice and perceived benefits. Data were analyzed thematically and deductively. A practice-based model describing yoga practice, mechanisms, and benefits, based on the Khalsa logic model of yoga, was developed to explain the data. Findings: Findings highlighted that a diverse range of yoga practices and nonspecific contextual factors related to practicing yoga, needed to be considered to understand how yoga was benefitting people. These practices encompassed both modern and traditional conceptions of yoga as a deeper lifestyle practice. Key mechanisms for change included improvements in physical strength and flexibility, stress regulation, resilience, equanimity, mind-body awareness, and spiritual/personal growth. These mechanisms resulted in diverse improvements in global health functioning, particularly physical and mental health and well-being. Conclusions: The Khalsa model provided a useful base upon which to guide the new population-practice-based model, to understand participants' "real life" experiences of yoga, how yoga is helping people and why. It provides important information for practitioners, teachers, and those delivering yoga interventions as to the range of skills and potential benefits of yoga practice. In addition, findings indicate directions for future research, by highlighting key yoga mechanisms that researchers may choose to focus on in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cheshire
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Cartwright
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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121
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Matko K, Sedlmeier P, Bringmann HC. Differential Effects of Ethical Education, Physical Hatha Yoga, and Mantra Meditation on Well-Being and Stress in Healthy Participants-An Experimental Single-Case Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:672301. [PMID: 34421729 PMCID: PMC8375679 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, yoga is a multicomponent practice consisting of postures, breathing techniques, meditation, mantras, and ethics. To date, only a few studies have tried to dismantle the effects of each of these components and their combinations. To fill this gap, we examined the incremental effects of ethical education and physical Hatha yoga on mantra meditation using a single-case multiple-baseline design. This study was part of a project evaluating the new mind-body program Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification. Fifty-seven healthy participants with no regular yoga or meditation practice were randomly assigned to three baselines (7, 14, and 21 days) and four conditions using a random number generator. The conditions were mantra meditation alone (MA), meditation plus physical yoga (MY), meditation plus ethical education (ME), and meditation plus yoga and ethical education (MYE). All the interventions lasted for 8 weeks and were run consecutively according to baseline length. During the baseline and treatment phases, participants received daily questionnaires measuring their well-being (WHO-5 Well-Being Index), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and subjective experiences. Forty-two participants completed the treatment and were entered in the analyses. We analyzed our data using visual inspection, effect size estimation (Tau-U), and multilevel modeling. Almost all participants showed a longitudinal increase in well-being. Regarding between-group differences, participants who received ethical education exhibited the largest increases in well-being (Tau-U = 0.30/0.23 for ME/MYE), followed by participants in the MY condition (Tau-U = 0.12). Conversely, participants in the MA condition showed no change (Tau-U = 0.07). There was a tendency for the combined treatments to decrease stress. This tendency was strongest in the MY condition (Tau-U = -0.40) and reversed in the MA condition (Tau-U = 0.17). These results emphasize the incremental and differential effects of practicing meditation in combination with other practices from the eight-fold yoga path. This approach is valuable for better understanding the multifaceted practice of yoga. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04252976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Matko
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Peter Sedlmeier
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Holger C. Bringmann
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Diakoniekliniken Zschadrass, Colditz, Germany
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122
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Maheshkumar K, Dilara K, Ravishankar P, Julius A, Padmavathi R, Poonguzhali S, Venugopal V. Effect of six months pranayama training on stress-induced salivary cortisol response among adolescents-Randomized controlled study. Explore (NY) 2021; 18:463-466. [PMID: 34366293 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of yoga practices has been documented to reduce stress and stress-induced cortisol levels. The objective of the current study is to examine the effects of six months of a single pranayama practice (Bhramari [Bhr. P]) on reducing salivary cortisol response to the cold pressor test (CPT) among adolescents. METHODS Twenty-six healthy adolescents between the ages of 11 and 19 were randomly assigned to either yoga group (n-13) or control group (n-13). Yoga group participants were trained to do Bhr. P for 45 min, thrice a week for six months. All participants underwent CPT at baseline and at end of six months. Saliva samples were collected at baseline (t0), at 20 min (t1), 40 min (t2), and 60 min after the CPT (t3). RESULTS Contradictory to our hypothesis, participants in the yoga group exhibited a higher salivary cortisol response to the CPT at t1 (p = 0.04) when compared to the control group. However, the t3 salivary cortisol levels showed a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.03) in yoga group when compared to the control group. A significant interaction with time (F (1, 88) = 316.5, p = .001, ηp2:0.91) and between the group × time (F (3, 88) = 2.83, p = 0.04, ηp2:0.8) was found after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the cortisol responsiveness observed in the study is an indication of the adaptive capability achieved through regular yoga training, evidenced by an initial rise in cortisol followed by a rapid fall below baseline after 60 min. Further research is required to conclusively determine the changes in cortisol levels over time in response to stress in long-term yoga practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maheshkumar
- Department of Physiology, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical college and Hospital, Chennai 600106, India.
| | - K Dilara
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, India
| | - P Ravishankar
- Department of Community Medicine, Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, India
| | - A Julius
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, India
| | - R Padmavathi
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, India
| | - S Poonguzhali
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical college and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - V Venugopal
- Department of Yoga, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical college and Hospital, Chennai, India
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Gordon JL, Halleran M, Beshai S, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Frederick J, Campbell TS. Endocrine and psychosocial moderators of mindfulness-based stress reduction for the prevention of perimenopausal depressive symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 130:105277. [PMID: 34058560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menopause transition is associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. The current study aimed to test whether Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, an 8-week group intervention involving meditation and yoga, might reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among perimenopausal women. A secondary aim was to examine baseline characteristics, including sensitivity to estradiol fluctuation, as a moderator of treatment effects. METHODS 104 healthy women from the community in the menopause transition were enrolled and randomized to MBSR (n = 52) or a waitlist control condition (n = 52). Randomization was carried out using a random number generator and opaque sealed envelopes. Depressive symptoms, the main outcome, were assessed every two weeks for 6 months using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The occurrence of an elevated CES-D score (≥16) and of a major depressive episode were pre-identified secondary outcomes. The following surveys were used to assess additional outcomes of interest every two months: the Perceived Stress Scale, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Baseline characteristics examined as potential moderators of treatment benefit included: baseline CES-D score, past depressive episodes, recent stressful life events, a history of physical or sexual abuse, and emotional sensitivity to reproductive hormone fluctuation. Outcome assessors were blinded to the participants' assigned treatment arm. RESULTS Outcome data were available for 44 women assigned to MBSR and 51 women in the waitlist condition. Women randomized to MBSR reported fewer depressive symptoms, less perceived stress, less anxiety, increased resilience, and improved sleep (ps < 0.001). Furthermore, several baseline characteristics predicted a greater mood benefit of MBSR, including: a history of major depression (p for the interaction <0.001), a greater number of recent stressful life events (p < .001), being in the early menopause transition (p = .002), and an increased emotional sensitivity to reproductive hormone fluctuation (p = .004). There were no group differences in the occurrence of major depressive episodes (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS MBSR appears to be an effective intervention for the prevention of depressive symptoms in the menopause transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Gordon
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Maria Halleran
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shadi Beshai
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | - Tavis S Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Zhi WI, Baser RE, Zhi LM, Talukder D, Li QS, Paul T, Patterson C, Piulson L, Seluzicki C, Galantino ML, Bao T. Yoga for cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Health-related quality of life outcomes. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5456-5465. [PMID: 34213086 PMCID: PMC8366077 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yoga is a meditative movement therapy focused on mind‐body awareness. The impact of yoga on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in patients with chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is unclear. Methods We conducted a pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of 8 weeks of yoga (n = 21) versus wait‐list control (n = 20) for CIPN in 41 breast and gynecological cancer survivors with persistent moderate to severe CIPN. HRQOL endpoints were Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The Treatment Expectancy Scale (TES) was administered at baseline. We estimated mean changes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from baseline to weeks 8 and 12 and compared arms using constrained linear mixed models. Results At week 8, HADS anxiety scores decreased −1.61 (−2.75, −0.46) in the yoga arm and −0.32 (−1.38, 0.75) points in the wait‐list control arm (p = 0.099). At week 12, HADS anxiety scores decreased −1.42 (−2.57, −0.28) in yoga compared to an increase of 0.46 (−0.60, 1.53) in wait‐list control (p = 0.017). There were no significant differences in HADS depression, BFI, or ISI scores between yoga and wait‐list control. Baseline TES was significantly higher in yoga than in wait‐list control (14.9 vs. 12.7, p = 0.019). TES was not associated with HADS anxiety reduction and HADS anxiety reduction was not associated with CIPN pain reduction. Conclusions Yoga may reduce anxiety in patients with CIPN. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03292328.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Iris Zhi
- Breast Medicine Service, Solid Tumor Division, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond E Baser
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dristi Talukder
- Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing S Li
- Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Paul
- Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare Patterson
- Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Piulson
- Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Seluzicki
- Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary L Galantino
- School of Health Sciences, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ting Bao
- Breast Medicine Service, Solid Tumor Division, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wadhen V, Cartwright T. Feasibility and outcome of an online streamed yoga intervention on stress and wellbeing of people working from home during COVID-19. Work 2021; 69:331-349. [PMID: 34120925 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 and its associated measures has resulted in a sizeable working population transitioning to working from home (WFH), bringing additional challenges, and increasing work-related stress. Research has indicated that yoga has promising potential in reducing stress in the workplace. However, there are very few studies exploring the impact of online streamed yoga on stress management for people-WFH. OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility and outcome of an online streamed yoga intervention on stress and wellbeing of people-WFH during COVID-19. METHODS A six-week pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) yoga intervention was designed with yoga (n = 26) and a wait-list control group (n = 26). A mixed two-way ANOVA was used to assess changes in standardised outcome measures at baseline and post-intervention. Likert and open-ended questions assessed enjoyment, acceptability and perceived benefits of the program, which were analysed thematically. RESULTS Compared with the control, the yoga group reported significant improvements in perceived stress, mental wellbeing, depression and coping self-efficacy, but not stress and anxiety. Participants experienced physical and mental health benefits and reported high acceptability and enjoyment of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS An online yoga intervention can help people WFH manage stress and enhance wellbeing and coping abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Wadhen
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Cartwright
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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Bringmann HC, Vennemann J, Gross J, Matko K, Sedlmeier P. "To Be Finally at Peace with Myself": A Qualitative Study Reflecting Experiences of the Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification Program in Mild-to-Moderate Depression. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:786-795. [PMID: 34185550 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2021.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM) is a new mind-body intervention that is based on classical yoga; it implements virtue-based ethical living, physical yoga, and meditation in a therapeutic context. This qualitative study aimed at understanding better how depressive patients who received MBLM as a treatment experience intra- and interpersonal outcomes of their practice. Methods: In a larger randomized controlled trial of MBLM in depressive outpatients, a subsample (n = 12) completed in-depth interviews. To determine short-term and long-term effects, cohorts were interviewed at two different times after intervention onset (T1 = 8 weeks; T2 = 6 months). Verbatim interview transcripts were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes emerged in the interviews: (1) Reappraisal of past and present life patterns, leading to a reflection on one's own values; (2) Serenity, attained by states of calm, growing acceptance, and the ability to set boundaries; and (3) Mindful living as expressed by increased self-awareness, being more present, and conscious interactions. The ethical component of MBLM was identified as a key factor in individual empowerment and appreciation of one's own strengths. Systematic changes in the importance of reported themes after 6 months (T2) reflected the sustained effects of the intervention. Conclusions: The findings speak clearly for the benefits of MBLM in the treatment of depression. In particular, the explicit therapeutic implementation of virtue-based ethics offers a valuable addition to previous yoga and meditation programs. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03652220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Carl Bringmann
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Diakoniekliniken Zschadrass, Colditz, Germany
| | - Jill Vennemann
- Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Julian Gross
- Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Karin Matko
- Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Peter Sedlmeier
- Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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Denham-Jones L, Gaskell L, Spence N, Tim Pigott. A systematic review of the effectiveness of yoga on pain, physical function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskeletal Care 2021; 20:47-73. [PMID: 34125986 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise interventions suitable for older adults can help to slow and manage age-related conditions. This systematic review looks at age-related musculoskeletal conditions in a population with a mean age over 50 years, evaluating the effectiveness of yoga for pain, physical function, and quality of life. METHODS CENTRAL,CINAHL, Pubmed, PsycInfo, SCOPUS, Sports Discus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar were searched. Study selection and quality screening using the Cochrane risk of bias tool were conducted by two reviewers to mitigate bias. PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting and reporting the review. RESULTS 11 studies met inclusion criteria with a total sample of 2221 (≥70% female). Eight studies measured pain, six showing significant effectiveness (p=≤0.05), for lower limb osteoarthritis (OA), hand OA, and neck pain. Nine studies measured physical function, four showing significant effects, for lower limb OA and sarcopenia. Significant quality of life effects were found for restless leg syndrome compared to baseline. CONCLUSION Moderate evidence was found for pain effects, generalisable for OA based on sub-group analysis. Effective trials were mostly short-term using at minimum one 60-min group class, and an average of four 30-min home practice sessions weekly. Findings support the use of props and modifications to address age-related physical limitations. Yoga was well-received with good adherence, but effects on a par with other exercise. There was an absence of quality of life effects in short term. Mixed methods studies could lead to further insight into the qualitative aspects of yoga practice for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denham-Jones
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society Mary Seacole Building, Frederick Road Campus, UK
| | - Lynne Gaskell
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society Mary Seacole Building, Frederick Road Campus, UK
| | - Nicola Spence
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society Mary Seacole Building, Frederick Road Campus, UK
| | - Tim Pigott
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society Mary Seacole Building, Frederick Road Campus, UK
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Susceptibility of Women to Cardiovascular Disease and the Prevention Potential of Mind-Body Intervention by Changes in Neural Circuits and Cardiovascular Physiology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050708. [PMID: 34068722 PMCID: PMC8151888 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have been reported to be more vulnerable to the development, prognosis and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, yet the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome them are still relatively undeveloped. Studies show that women's brains are more sensitive to factors affecting mental health such as depression and stress than men's brains. In women, poor mental health increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and conversely, cardiovascular disease increases the incidence of mental illness such as depression. In connection with mental health and cardiovascular health, the presence of gender differences in brain activation, cortisol secretion, autonomic nervous system, vascular health and inflammatory response has been observed. This connection suggests that strategies to manage women's mental health can contribute to preventing cardiovascular disease. Mind-body interventions, such as meditation, yoga and qigong are forms of exercise that strive to actively manage both mind and body. They can provide beneficial effects on stress reduction and mental health. They are also seen as structurally and functionally changing the brain, as well as affecting cortisol secretion, blood pressure, heart rate variability, immune reactions and reducing menopausal symptoms, thus positively affecting women's cardiovascular health. In this review, we investigate the link between mental health, brain activation, HPA axis, autonomic nervous system, blood pressure and immune system associated with cardiovascular health in women and discuss the effects of mind-body intervention in modulating these factors.
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Braun TD, Uebelacker LA, Ward M, Holzhauer CG, McCallister K, Abrantes A. "We really need this": Trauma-informed yoga for Veteran women with a history of military sexual trauma. Complement Ther Med 2021; 59:102729. [PMID: 33965560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Up to 70% of women service members in the United States report military sexual trauma (MST); many develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring disorders. Trauma-informed yoga (TIY) is suggested to improve psychiatric symptoms and shown feasible and acceptable in emerging research, yet no work has evaluated TIY in MST survivors. The current quality improvement project aimed to examine TIY's feasibility, acceptability, and perceived effects in the context of MST. DESIGN Collective case series (N = 7). SETTING New England Vet Center. INTERVENTIONS Extant TIY program (Mindful Yoga Therapy) adapted for Veteran women with MST in concurrent psychotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Attrition and attendance; qualitative exit interview; validated self-report measure of negative affect pre/post each yoga class, and symptom severity assessments and surveys before (T1; Time 1) and after the yoga program (T2; Time 2). RESULTS Feasibility was demonstrated and women reported TIY was acceptable. In qualitative interviews, women reported improved symptom severity, diet, exercise, alcohol use, sleep, and pain; reduced medication use; and themes related to stress reduction, mindfulness, and self-compassion. Regarding quantitative change, results suggest acute reductions in negative affect following yoga sessions across participants, as well as improved affect dysregulation, shame, and mindfulness T1 to T2. CONCLUSIONS TIY is both feasible and acceptable to Veteran women MST survivors in one specific Vet Center, with perceived behavioral health benefits. Results suggest TIY may target psychosocial mechanisms implicated in health behavior change (stress reduction, mindfulness, affect regulation, shame). Formal research should be conducted to confirm these QI project results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca D Braun
- VA Central Western Massachusetts, 421 N. Main St., Leeds, MA, 01053, United States; West Springfield, MA Vet Center, 95 Ashley Ave., West Springfield, MA, 01089-1352, United States; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 196 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903, United States(1); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI, 02906, United States.
| | - Lisa A Uebelacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI, 02906, United States; Psychosocial Research, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI, 02906, United States.
| | - Mariana Ward
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, United States.
| | - Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer
- VA Central Western Massachusetts, 421 N. Main St., Leeds, MA, 01053, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave., North Worcester, MA, 01655, United States.
| | - Kelly McCallister
- West Springfield, MA Vet Center, 95 Ashley Ave., West Springfield, MA, 01089-1352, United States.
| | - Ana Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI, 02906, United States; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI, 02906, United States.
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Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the mood benefits of meditation: A narrative review. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100037. [PMID: 35757358 PMCID: PMC9216450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stressors can lead to distress and result in autonomic arousal and activation of a stress response. Ongoing or persistent stress can disrupt the stress response feedback mechanisms and result in elevated cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines which can cause damage to brain regions involved in the regulation of mood and emotion. We propose that the magnitude of the stress response experienced in response to psychological stressors depends on a number of modifiable psychological processes including an individual’s level of self-compassion, dispositional mindfulness, tendency to ruminate and attentional bias. We further propose that the stress response elected by psychological stressors can be meditated by influencing these modifiable psychological processes, and that meditation practices can decrease stress and improve mood by decreasing stress reactivity on a psychological, physiological and neurobiological level. We explore this in a narrative review. Meditation decreases blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol and cytokine levels. Meditation increases self-compassion, dispositional mindfulness and meta-cognition. Meditation improves attention and memory. Meditation results in brain changes in regions related to emotion regulation.
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131
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Khalsa SBS, Goldstein MR. Treatment of chronic primary sleep onset insomnia with Kundalini Yoga: a randomized controlled trial with active sleep hygiene comparison. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1841-1852. [PMID: 33928908 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Prior studies have suggested a benefit of yoga for alleviating sleep disturbance; however, many studies have had methodological limitations. This trial study aimed to extend that literature by including an active sleep hygiene (SH) comparison. METHODS Participants aged 25-59 with a primary complaint of sleep onset insomnia lasting at least six months were block randomized to 8-week Kundalini Yoga or SH intervention, both consisting of initial 60-minute instruction and weekly check-ins. Daily sleep diaries and questionnaires were collected at baseline, throughout intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models (N=20 in each group). RESULTS Participant ratings of the interventions did not significantly differ. SH improved several diary and questionnaire outcomes, however, yoga resulted in even greater improvements corresponding to medium-to-large between-group effect sizes. Total sleep time increased progressively across yoga treatment (d=0.95, p=.002), concurrent with increased sleep efficiency (SE; d=1.36, p<.001) and decreased sleep onset latency (SOL; d=-1.16, p<.001), but without changes in pre-sleep arousal (d=-0.30, p=.59). Remission rates were also higher for yoga compared to SH, with ≥80% of yoga participants reporting average SOL<30 minutes and SE>80% at 6-month follow-up. For over 50% of yoga participants, the insomnia severity index decreased by at least 8 points at end of treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Yoga, taught in a self-care framework with minimal instructor burden, was associated with self-reported improvements above and beyond an active sleep hygiene comparison, sustained at 6-month follow-up. Follow-up studies are needed to assess actigraphy and polysomnography outcomes, as well as possible mechanisms of change. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Yoga as a Treatment for Insomnia (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00033865).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sat Bir S Khalsa
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Michael R Goldstein
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
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Bulaj G, Clark J, Ebrahimi M, Bald E. From Precision Metapharmacology to Patient Empowerment: Delivery of Self-Care Practices for Epilepsy, Pain, Depression and Cancer Using Digital Health Technologies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:612602. [PMID: 33972825 PMCID: PMC8105510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.612602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve long-term outcomes of therapies for chronic diseases, health promotion and lifestyle modifications are the most promising and sustainable strategies. In addition, advances in digital technologies provide new opportunities to address limitations of drug-based treatments, such as medication non-adherence, adverse effects, toxicity, drug resistance, drug shortages, affordability, and accessibility. Pharmaceutical drugs and biologics can be combined with digital health technologies, including mobile medical apps (digital therapeutics), which offer additional clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness. Promises of drug+digital combination therapies are recognized by pharmaceutical and digital health companies, opening opportunities for integrating pharmacotherapies with non-pharmacological interventions (metapharmacology). Herein we present unique features of digital health technologies which can deliver personalized self-care modalities such as breathing exercises, mindfulness meditation, yoga, physical activity, adequate sleep, listening to preferred music, forgiveness and gratitude. Clinical studies reveal how aforementioned complimentary practices may support treatments of epilepsy, chronic pain, depression, cancer, and other chronic diseases. This article also describes how digital therapies delivering “medicinal” self-care and other non-pharmacological interventions can also be personalized by accounting for: 1) genetic risks for comorbidities, 2) adverse childhood experiences, 3) increased risks for viral infections such as seasonal influenza, or COVID-19, and 4) just-in-time stressful and traumatic circumstances. Development and implementation of personalized pharmacological-behavioral combination therapies (precision metapharmacology) require aligning priorities of key stakeholders including patients, research communities, healthcare industry, regulatory and funding agencies. In conclusion, digital technologies enable integration of pharmacotherapies with self-care, lifestyle interventions and patient empowerment, while concurrently advancing patient-centered care, integrative medicine and digital health ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jacqueline Clark
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bald
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Bakshi N, Cooley A, Ross D, Hawkins L, Sullivan M, Astles R, Sinha C, Katoch D, Peddineni M, Gee BE, Lane PA, Krishnamurti L. A pilot study of the acceptability, feasibility and safety of yoga for chronic pain in sickle cell disease. Complement Ther Med 2021; 59:102722. [PMID: 33892094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the acceptability, feasibility and safety of yoga for chronic pain in sickle cell disease. DESIGN AND SETTING In Part A of this two-part study, adolescents with SCD and chronic pain (Group 1) and their parent (Group 2) completed a survey designed to capture pain characteristics, attitudes and practices related to yoga, and potential acceptability of a yoga program. In Part B, the study assessed the feasibility and safety of an instructor-led group yoga program. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03694548). INTERVENTION Eight instructor-led group yoga sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Feasibility and safety outcomes were chosen a priori, as follows: 1) Proportion of adolescent patients with SCD and chronic pain approached that consent to participate in Part A, 2) Proportion of adolescent participants enrolled in Part A that consent to participate in Part B, 3) Proportion of participants enrolled in Part B that attend at least 6 of 8 yoga sessions, 4) Proportion of participants enrolled in Part B with an ED visit or a hospitalization for pain within 24 h of completion of each yoga session, 5) Proportion of participants in Part B who complete all study assessments before, and at the end of the yoga program, 6) Adherence to submission of pain diary. RESULTS The median age of 15 patient participants in Part A was 16 (IQR 14-17), and 14 parents was 43.5 (IQR 42-51). Most participants were female. Most participant responses indicated a positive opinion of yoga. Nine adolescents (60 %) from Part A participated in Part B of the study. The median age of 9 participants in Part B was 17 (IQR 15-18), and 5 of the 9 participants were female (53.3 %). Only one participant was able to attend 3 of the 8 yoga sessions offered, and did not experience any ED visits or hospitalizations following the yoga sessions. None of the other feasibility endpoints were met in this study. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SCD and chronic pain overall have a positive opinion of yoga, but there are challenges with recruitment and retention of participants in a clinical trial of yoga, and barriers to feasibility of an in-person group yoga intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Bakshi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Anthony Cooley
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, USA
| | - Diana Ross
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren Hawkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Astles
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia Sinha
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deeksha Katoch
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Manasa Peddineni
- NOVA Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Beatrice E Gee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter A Lane
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshmanan Krishnamurti
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Root Kustritz MV. Yoga and leisure reading for stress management and wellness at a veterinary medical college. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:948-951. [PMID: 33856873 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.9.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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135
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Erkin Ö, Şenuzun Aykar F. The effect of the yoga course on mindfulness and self-compassion among nursing students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:875-882. [PMID: 32989775 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of yoga on mindfulness and self-compassion among nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS The quasiexperimental single-group pretest-posttest design study conducted with 47 nursing students. The data were collected using a "personal data form," the "mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS)," and the "self-compassion scale (SCS)." FINDINGS While the mean score of the students from the "MAAS" was 60.51 (±11.35) in the pretest, it increased to 63.7 (±8.75) in the posttest (p < 0.05). While the mean score of the students from the SCS was 3.22 ± 0.69 in the pretest, it increased to 3.59 (±0.53) in the posttest (p < 0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between mindfulness and SCS scores (r = 0.162). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS After the yoga course, mindfulness and self-compassion of the students were found to be higher than it was before the lessons. The higher the mindfulness level of the students is, the higher the level of self-compassion is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özüm Erkin
- İzmir Democracy University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fisun Şenuzun Aykar
- İzmir Tınaztepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, İzmir, Turkey
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136
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Gonzalez M, Pascoe MC, Yang G, de Manincor M, Grant S, Lacey J, Firth J, Sarris J. Yoga for depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1196-1208. [PMID: 33763925 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer and its treatment can lead to a variety of physical and emotional concerns impacting on those affected, including subclinical or clinical depression and anxiety, which in turn have a significant impact on wellbeing, quality of life and survival. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of yoga-based interventions on self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer in randomized controlled trials. METHOD Six databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Systematic review procedures were followed including a quality assessment. Meta-analysis of suitable studies was conducted. RESULTS 26 studies from our search criteria were eligible for inclusion for depressive and 16 for anxiety symptoms. Meta-analyses revealed evidence for significant medium effects of yoga on depression symptoms (N = 1,486, g = -0.419, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.558 to -0.281, p < 0.001) and anxiety (N = 977, g = -0.347, 95% CI = -0.473 to -0.221, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Subgroup analyses for depressive symptoms revealed significant effects for all analyses performed (type of cancer, type of control, treatment status, duration of intervention or frequency of yoga sessions), with effect sizes being comparable between subgroups. Similar findings were found for anxiety symptoms except for treatment status, where the only significant effect was found when yoga was delivered during active treatment. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence that in people with cancer, yoga-based interventions are associated with amelioration of depression and anxiety symptoms and therefore a promising therapeutic modality for their management. However, the potential for risk of bias together with control group design challenges means the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gonzalez
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michaela C Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guoyan Yang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael de Manincor
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Grant
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judith Lacey
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Sydney University, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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137
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Ciezar-Andersen SD, Hayden KA, King-Shier KM. A systematic review of yoga interventions for helping health professionals and students. Complement Ther Med 2021; 58:102704. [PMID: 33652090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helping Health Professionals (HHP) and HHP students are among the highest risk occupational groups for compromised mental and physical health. There is a paucity of information regarding preventive interventions for mental and physical health in this group of healthcare providers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to examine the effectiveness of yoga interventions for the prevention and reduction of mental and physical disorders among HHPs and HHP students. DESIGN An exhaustive systematic search was conducted in May 2020. Databases searched in the OVID interface included: MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Embase, and PsycINFO. EbscoHost databases searched included: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Alt HealthWatch, Education Research Complete, SocINDEX with Full Text, ERIC, and Academic Search Complete. Scopus was also searched. RESULTS The search yielded 4,973 records, and after removal of duplicates 3197 records remained. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, titles and abstracts were screened and full text articles (n = 82) were retrieved and screened. Twenty-five studies were identified for inclusion in this review. Most frequently reported findings of yoga interventions in this population included a reduction in stress, anxiety, depression, and musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION It is our conclusion that mental and physical benefits can be obtained through implementation of yoga interventions for HHPs and HHP students across a variety of settings and backgrounds. However, researchers would benefit from following recommended guidelines for the design and reporting of yoga interventions to improve study quality and rigour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Alix Hayden
- Taylor Family Digital Library, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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138
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Hiles SA, Urroz PD, Gibson PG, Bogdanovs A, McDonald VM. A feasibility randomised controlled trial of Novel Activity Management in severe ASthma-Tailored Exercise (NAMASTE): yoga and mindfulness. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:71. [PMID: 33639922 PMCID: PMC7913205 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is common in severe asthma and associated with poor health outcomes. New approaches are needed to address physical inactivity in this group. OBJECTIVE To examine whether yoga and mindfulness improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with a minimal active control group and collect feasibility data to inform future studies. METHODS Over 12-weeks, adults with severe asthma were recruited. Participants were randomised 2:1 to parallel yoga or control groups. All participants received an activity tracker. The yoga group received tailored group classes twice a week for 16-weeks with a qualified yoga instructor. The control group set activity goals with a research officer and received eight progress calls. Outcomes were assessed at 16-weeks. Primary outcome was St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Secondary outcomes included asthma control, physical activity, breathlessness, and inflammation. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted to determine acceptability. RESULTS There were 15 participants randomised to yoga (mean 67 years; 60% female) and 9 to control (68 years; 56% female). Planned comparisons indicated the yoga group had greater SGRQ improvement than the control group. There was little change in secondary outcomes. Moderate-vigorous activity increased substantially in the control group. Participants found the intervention acceptable; key barriers and facilitators were social connection, the setting, addressing breathing and asthma symptoms, changing their mindset, and the intersection of different elements. CONCLUSION A yoga and mindfulness intervention was feasible, acceptable to patients and improved HRQoL. The findings will inform design of much needed future research into physical activity interventions for severe asthma. World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform The study was registered under the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on the 26th of November 2018, Trial ID ACTRN12618001914257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hiles
- Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Paola D Urroz
- Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vanessa M McDonald
- Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
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139
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Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247685. [PMID: 33621250 PMCID: PMC7901739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In some types of meditation, such as mindfulness and Zen, breathing is the focus of attention, whereas during an excessive, short-period of anaerobic exercise, the muscles become the focus of attention. Thus, during both efforts, one’s attention is focused on a certain feature of the body. Both meditation and exercise generally provide mental refreshment to humans. We hypothesized that the same brain regions are activated by both efforts in humans. To examine this hypothesis, we engaged participants in 3 tasks: meditation, exercise, and a control task. After each task, the participants underwent a 2-back test to concentrate their thoughts, while changes in their blood hemoglobin levels were simultaneously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Seventeen participants (20–24 years of age; 11 men, 6 women) were enrolled. We applied a fast-Fourier transform (FFT) analysis to the NIRS wave data and calculated the correlation coefficients of the FFT data between (1) meditation and control, (2) exercise and control, and (3) meditation and exercise, at the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), brain areas that are generally involved in mental refreshment. A significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the OFC and DLPFC was detected in the meditation and exercise analysis, and signal source analysis confirmed that the NIRS waves spread from the right and left OFC edges (i.e., right and left temples) toward the center. Our results suggest that both meditation and exercise activate the OFC, which is involved in emotional reactions and motivation behavior, resulting in mental refreshment.
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140
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Hoy S, Östh J, Pascoe M, Kandola A, Hallgren M. Effects of yoga-based interventions on cognitive function in healthy older adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 58:102690. [PMID: 33618011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world's elderly population is growing. Physical activity has positive effects on health and cognition, but is decreasing among the elderly. Interest in yoga-based exercises has increased in this population, especially as an intervention targeting balance, flexibility, strength, and well-being. Recent interest has arisen regarding yoga's potential benefits for cognition. OBJECTIVE To systematically review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of yoga-based interventions on cognitive functioning in healthy adults aged ≥60. A secondary aim was to describe intervention characteristics and, where possible, the extent to which these influenced study outcomes. METHOD The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed from inception to June 2020 using the following electronic databases: (1) PubMed (NLM); (2) Embase (Elsevier); (3) Cochrane Central (Wiley); (4) PsycINFO (EBSCOhost); and (5) Cinahl (EbscoHost). INCLUSION CRITERIA RCTs of yoga-based interventions assessing cognition in healthy adults ≥60 years. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS A total of 1466 records were initially identified; six studies (5 unique trials) were included in the review. Four of the six articles reported significant positive effects of yoga-based interventions on cognition, including gross memory functioning and executive functions. Intervention characteristics and assessment methods varied between studies, with a high overall risk of bias in all studies. CONCLUSION Yoga-based interventions are associated with improvements in cognition in healthy older adults. Adequately powered RCTs with robust study designs and long-term follow-ups are required. Future studies should explicitly report the intervention characteristics associated with changes in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hoy
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm 114 33, Sweden.
| | - Josefine Östh
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Michaela Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University, College London, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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141
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Das BM, Adams BC. Nurses' physical activity exploratory study: Caring for you so you can care for others. Work 2021; 68:461-471. [PMID: 33522994 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses report the greatest stress of all health care workers. Although physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits among other populations, nurses have stressors that other occupations do not typically encounter. It is important for nurses to identify techniques for stress management since stressors negatively impact their health and patient care. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between PA levels and physical, mental, and occupational health among nurses. METHODS Nurses (N = 62) completed measures of anthropometrics, demographics, and domains of physical, mental, and occupational health. Pearson correlations determined the relationship between PA and measures health along with the relationship between PA and health among active versus inactive nurses. RESULTS Fatigue was significantly correlated with moderate-to-vigorous PA (r = -0.27, p < 0.05). Relationships were found between mental health and light and moderate intensity PA (r = 0.40, p < 0.001; r = 0.30, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Stress is prevalent among nurses and negatively impacts a nurse's health along with patient care. Findings suggest health benefits associated with PA among nurses. PA interventions among nurses may be needed to fully see the effects of PA on physical, mental, and occupational health, and ultimately patient health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhibha M Das
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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142
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Park CL, Finkelstein-Fox L, Sacco SJ, Braun TD, Lazar S. How does yoga reduce stress? A clinical trial testing psychological mechanisms. Stress Health 2021; 37:116-126. [PMID: 32797683 PMCID: PMC10159010 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yoga interventions can reduce stress, but the mechanisms underlying that stress reduction remain largely unidentified. Understanding how yoga works is essential to optimizing interventions. The present study tested five potential psychosocial mechanisms (increased mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, spiritual well-being, self-compassion and self-control) that have been proposed to explain yoga's impact on stress. Forty-two participants (62% female; 64% White) in a yoga program for stress reduction completed surveys at baseline (T1), mid-intervention (T2) and post-intervention (12 weeks; T3). We measured two aspects of stress, perceived stress and stress reactivity. Changes were assessed with paired t-tests; associations between changes in mechanisms were tested in residual change models. Only stress reactivity decreased, on average, from T1 to T3. Except for self-compassion, all psychosocial mechanisms increased from T1 to T3, with minimal changes from T2 to T3. Except for self-control, increases in each mechanism were strongly associated with decreases in both measures of stress between T1 and T2 and decreases in perceived stress from T1 to T3 (all p's < 0.05). Increased psychosocial resources are associated with stress reduction. Yoga interventions targeting these resources may show stronger stress reduction effects. Future research should test these linkages more rigorously using active comparison groups and larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lucy Finkelstein-Fox
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shane J Sacco
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tosca D Braun
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sara Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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143
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Bhargav H, George S, Varambally S, Gangadhar BN. Yoga and psychiatric disorders: a review of biomarker evidence. Int Rev Psychiatry 2021; 33:162-169. [PMID: 32401080 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1761087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, yoga has been used as a means for spiritual growth but over the past two decades or so its therapeutic benefits in psychiatric disorders have been scientifically explored. Yoga has been shown to be useful as a mono-therapy in mild to moderate depression and as an adjuvant in several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Furthermore, systematic attempts have been made to understand the biological correlates of yoga in these psychiatric disorders. Given that no psychiatric disorder has strong and established biomarkers, it is interesting that preliminary research has demonstrated significant changes in certain important biomarkers following regular yoga practice. In this brief review, we provide an update on the effects of yoga on biochemical, neuro-physiological and neuro-imaging related bio-markers in psychiatric disorders. Although findings and trends are promising, much more research is warranted to establish a definite biological basis for yoga in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Bhargav
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanju George
- Rajagiri School of Behavioural Sciences and Research, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Departments of Psychiatry and Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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144
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Yang HJ, Koh E, Sung MK, Kang H. Changes Induced by Mind-Body Intervention Including Epigenetic Marks and Its Effects on Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031317. [PMID: 33525677 PMCID: PMC7865217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have evidenced that epigenetic marks associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be inherited from parents or acquired through fetal and early-life events, as well as through lifelong environments or lifestyles, which can increase the risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, epigenetic modifications are reversible, and can be altered through proper intervention, thus mitigating the risk factors of T2D. Mind-body intervention (MBI) refers to interventions like meditation, yoga, and qigong, which deal with both physical and mental well-being. MBI not only induces psychological changes, such as alleviation of depression, anxiety, and stress, but also physiological changes like parasympathetic activation, lower cortisol secretion, reduced inflammation, and aging rate delay, which are all risk factors for T2D. Notably, MBI has been reported to reduce blood glucose in patients with T2D. Herein, based on recent findings, we review the effects of MBI on diabetes and the mechanisms involved, including epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
- Department of Integrative Health Care, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Eugene Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratories, Singapore 117604, Singapore;
| | - Min-Kyu Sung
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hojung Kang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
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145
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Peters EMJ, Schedlowski M, Watzl C, Gimsa U. To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100296. [PMID: 33527083 PMCID: PMC7839386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to strongly affect people with health disadvantages, creating a heavy burden on medical systems and societies worldwide. Research is growing rapidly and recently revealed that stress-related factors such as socio-economic status, may also play a pivotal role. However, stress research investigating the underlying psychoneuroimmune interactions is missing. Here we address the question whether stress-associated neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms can possibly contribute to an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections and influence the course of COVID-19 disease. Additionally, we discuss that not all forms of stress (e.g. acute versus chronic) are detrimental and that some types of stress could attenuate infection-risk and -progression. The overall aim of this review is to motivate future research efforts to clarify whether psychosocial interventions have the potential to optimize neuroendocrine-immune responses against respiratory viral infections during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The current state of research on different types of stress is summarized in a comprehensive narrative review to promote a psychoneuroimmune understanding of how stress and its mediators cortisol, (nor)adrenaline, neuropeptides and neurotrophins can shape the immune defense against viral diseases. Based on this understanding, we describe how people with high psychosocial stress can be identified, which behaviors and psychosocial interventions may contribute to optimal stress management, and how psychoneuroimmune knowledge can be used to improve adequate care for COVID-19 and other patients with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen and Universitätsmedizin-Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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146
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Addressing educational inequalities and promoting learning through studies of stress physiology in elementary school students. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 32:1899-1913. [PMID: 33427176 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To be ready to learn, children need to be focused, engaged, and able to bounce back from setbacks. However, many children come to school with heightened or diminished physiological arousal due to exposure to poverty-related risks. While stress physiology plays a role in explaining how adversity relates to processes that support students' cognitive development, there is a lack of studies of physiological stress response in educational settings. This review integrates relevant studies and offers future directions for research on the role of stress physiology in the school adaptation of elementary school students, focusing on these important questions: (a) What are the links between physiological stress response and learning-related skills and behaviors, and do they vary as a function of proximal and distal experiences outside of school? (b) How are school experiences associated with students' physiological stress response and related cognitive and behavioral adaptations? (c) How can we leverage measures of students' physiological stress response in evaluations of school-based interventions to better support the school success of every student? We hope to stimulate a new wave of research that will advance the science of developmental stress physiology, as well as improve the application of these findings in educational policy and practice.
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147
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Bipolar disorder: An evolutionary psychoneuroimmunological approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:28-37. [PMID: 33421542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by extreme shifts in mood, high suicide rate, sleep problems, and dysfunction of psychological traits like self-esteem (feeling inferior when depressed and superior when manic). Bipolar disorder is rare among populations that have not adopted contemporary Western lifestyles, which supports the hypothesis that bipolar disorder results from a mismatch between Homo sapiens's evolutionary and current environments. Recent studies have connected bipolar disorder with low-grade inflammation, the malfunctioning of the internal clock, and the resulting sleep disturbances. Stress is often a triggering factor for mania and sleep problems, but stress also causes low-grade inflammation. Since inflammation desynchronizes the internal clock, chronic stress and inflammation are the primary biological mechanisms behind bipolar disorder. Chronic stress and inflammation are driven by contemporary Western lifestyles, including stressful social environments, unhealthy dietary patterns, limited physical activity, and obesity. The treatment of bipolar disorder should focus on reducing stress, stress sensitivity, and inflammation by lifestyle changes rather than just temporarily alleviating symptoms with psychopharmacological interventions.
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148
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Nagarathna R, Anand A, Rain M, Srivastava V, Sivapuram MS, Kulkarni R, Ilavarasu J, Sharma MNK, Singh A, Nagendra HR. Yoga Practice Is Beneficial for Maintaining Healthy Lifestyle and Endurance Under Restrictions and Stress Imposed by Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:613762. [PMID: 34239456 PMCID: PMC8257944 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.613762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and resulting lockdown caused widespread panic, stress, and anxiety. Yoga is a known practice that reduces stress and anxiety and may enhance immunity. This study aimed to (1) investigate that including Yoga in daily routine is beneficial for physical and mental health, and (2) to evaluate lifestyle of Yoga practitioners that may be instrumental in coping with stress associated with lockdown. This is a pan-India cross-sectional survey study, which was conducted during the lockdown. A self-rated scale, COVID Health Assessment Scale (CHAS), was designed by 11 experts in 3 Delphi rounds (Content valid ratio = 0.85) to evaluate the physical health, mental health, lifestyle, and coping skills of the individuals. The survey was made available digitally using Google forms and collected 23,760 CHAS responses. There were 23,290 valid responses (98%). After the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria of yogic practices, the respondents were categorized into the Yoga (n = 9,840) and Non-Yoga (n = 3,377) groups, who actively practiced Yoga during the lockdown in India. The statistical analyses were performed running logistic and multinomial regression and calculating odds ratio estimation using R software version 4.0.0. The non-Yoga group was more likely to use substances and unhealthy food and less likely to have good quality sleep. Yoga practitioners reported good physical ability and endurance. Yoga group also showed less anxiety, stress, fear, and having better coping strategies than the non-Yoga group. The Yoga group displayed striking and superior ability to cope with stress and anxiety associated with lockdown and COVID-19. In the Yoga group, participants performing meditation reportedly had relatively better mental health. Yoga may lead to risk reduction of COVID-19 by decreasing stress and improving immunity if specific yoga protocols are implemented through a global public health initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Nagarathna
- Divison of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Mind Body Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre of Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjari Rain
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Srivastava
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS, United States
| | - Madhava Sai Sivapuram
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinna-Avutapalli, India
| | - Ravi Kulkarni
- Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Judu Ilavarasu
- Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manjunath N K Sharma
- Divison of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Divison of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
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149
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Ruberti OM, Telles GD, Rodrigues B. Stress and Physical Inactivity: Two Explosive Ingredients for the Heart in COVID-19 Pandemic Times. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 17:e051121190711. [PMID: 33573570 PMCID: PMC8950502 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666210126103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has culminated in thousands of deaths. In order to reduce the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, governments of several countries have adopted social isolation as a strategy. However, social isolation has culminated in deleterious effects on the population's health, including increased physical inactivity, stress and, consequently, adverse changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, physical functionality, and vascular events, which are increasingly pointed out as the main determinants of cardiovascular health. Staying physically active during lockdown is a challenge, especially for the population with a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19, who are still encouraged to maintain social distance until there is a vaccine available. Strategies to avoid physical inactivity and reduce stress levels can promote cardiovascular protection and must be considered during COVID-19 time. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to discuss the risks of physical inactivity and stress for the cardiovascular system during the COVID-19 pandemic and propose strategies to protect cardiovascular health. CONCLUSION A home-based training protocol could be an interesting and effective strategy for the population who need to remain physically active and safe at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia Moraes Ruberti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Defante Telles
- Departament of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Adapted Physical Activity Studies Department, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Avendia Érico Veríssimo, 701 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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150
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Kerekes N. Yoga as Complementary Care for Young People Placed in Juvenile Institutions-A Study Plan. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:575147. [PMID: 34149466 PMCID: PMC8211756 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.575147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established yoga practice as a mainstream complementary clinical tool within correctional environments. It is shown that regular yoga practice is coupled with improved impulse control, sustained attention, attenuated antisocial and self-harm behaviors, reduced stress, and psychological distress. No academic research until now has provided evidence of mental health benefits of yoga for institutionalized young people. In Sweden, each year more than thousand adolescents receive compulsory care at juvenile institutions run by the Swedish National Board of Institutional Care. These young people are characterized by substance abuse, aggressive and antisocial behaviors, high frequency of self-harm, and the experience of abuse. Most of them manifest attention problems, depression, anxiety, and impulsivity. They have a dramatically increased risk for recidivistic criminal behavior, continuous medical, and social care and untimely death. The present study plan aims at evaluating, with previously validated psychological measures, in a quasi-experimental design, the effects of yoga practice for institutionalized adolescents. Adolescents' experiences of participating in yoga practice will also be assessed by semi-structured individual interviews. Ethical approval was given by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. It is hypothesized that yoga practice (in combination with the standard treatment within institutional care) will reduce institutionalized adolescents' aggression, antisocial behavior, anxiety, depression, and negative affect, and increase their cognitive flexibility (in the form of increased impulse control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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