101
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Stock S, Schmitt M, Sellner L. Optimizing Manufacturing Protocols of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Improved Anticancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246223. [PMID: 31835562 PMCID: PMC6940894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy can achieve outstanding response rates in heavily pretreated patients with hematological malignancies. However, relapses occur and they limit the efficacy of this promising treatment approach. The cellular composition and immunophenotype of the administered CART cells play a crucial role for therapeutic success. Less differentiated CART cells are associated with improved expansion, long-term in vivo persistence, and prolonged anti-tumor control. Furthermore, the ratio between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells has an effect on the anti-tumor activity of CART cells. The composition of the final cell product is not only influenced by the CART cell construct, but also by the culturing conditions during ex vivo T cell expansion. This includes different T cell activation strategies, cytokine supplementation, and specific pathway inhibition for the differentiation blockade. The optimal production process is not yet defined. In this review, we will discuss the use of different CART cell production strategies and the molecular background for the generation of improved CART cells in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Stock
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Oncology Business Unit—Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharma Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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102
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Trivett MT, Burke JD, Deleage C, Coren LV, Hill BJ, Jain S, Barsov EV, Breed MW, Kramer JA, Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, Swanstrom AE, Ott DE. Preferential Small Intestine Homing and Persistence of CD8 T Cells in Rhesus Macaques Achieved by Molecularly Engineered Expression of CCR9 and Reduced Ex Vivo Manipulation. J Virol 2019; 93:e00896-19. [PMID: 31434738 PMCID: PMC6803279 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00896-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a powerful experimental approach to directly study T-cell-mediated immunity in vivo In the rhesus macaque AIDS virus model, infusing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected animals with CD8 T cells engineered to express anti-SIV T-cell receptor specificities enables direct experimentation to better understand antiviral T-cell immunity in vivo Limiting factors in ACT experiments include suboptimal trafficking to, and poor persistence in, the secondary lymphoid tissues targeted by AIDS viruses. Previously, we redirected CD8 T cells to B-cell follicles by ectopic expression of the CXCR5 homing protein. Here, we modify peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived CD8 T cells to express the CCR9 chemokine receptor, which induces preferential homing of the engineered cells to the small intestine, a site of intense early AIDS virus replication and pathology in rhesus macaques. Additionally, we increase in vivo persistence and overall systemic distribution of infused CD8 T cells, especially in secondary lymphoid tissues, by minimizing ex vivo culture/manipulation, thereby avoiding the loss of CD28+/CD95+ central memory T cells by differentiation in culture. These proof-of-principle results establish the feasibility of preferentially localizing PBMC-derived CD8 T cells to the small intestine and enables the direct experimental ACT-based assessment of the potential role of the quality and timing of effective antiviral CD8 T-cell responses to inhibit viral infection and subsequent replication in small intestine CD4 T cells. More broadly, these results support the engineered expression of homing proteins to direct CD8 T cells to target tissues as a means for both experimental and potential therapeutic advances in T-cell immunotherapies, including cancer.IMPORTANCEAdoptive cell transfer (ACT) of T cells engineered with antigen-specific effector properties can deliver targeted immune responses against malignancies and infectious diseases. Current T-cell-based therapeutic ACT relies on circulatory distribution to deliver engineered T cells to their targets, an approach which has proven effective for some leukemias but provided only limited efficacy against solid tumors. Here, engineered expression of the CCR9 homing receptor redirected CD8 T cells to the small intestine in rhesus macaque ACT experiments. Targeted homing of engineered T-cell immunotherapies holds promise to increase the effectiveness of adoptively transferred cells in both experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Trivett
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - James D Burke
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori V Coren
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brenna J Hill
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sumiti Jain
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eugene V Barsov
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew W Breed
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua A Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne E Swanstrom
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David E Ott
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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103
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Panjwani MK, Atherton MJ, MaloneyHuss MA, Haran KP, Xiong A, Gupta M, Kulikovsaya I, Lacey SF, Mason NJ. Establishing a model system for evaluating CAR T cell therapy using dogs with spontaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1676615. [PMID: 32002286 PMCID: PMC6959441 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1676615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple rodent and primate preclinical studies have advanced CAR T cells into the clinic. However, no single model accurately reflects the challenges of effective CAR T therapy in human cancer patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of next-generation CAR T cells that aim to overcome barriers to durable tumor elimination, we developed a system to evaluate CAR T cells in pet dogs with spontaneous cancer. Here we report on this system and the results of a pilot trial using CAR T cells to treat canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We designed and manufactured CD20-targeting, second-generation canine CAR T cells for functional evaluation in vitro and in vivo using lentivectors to parallel human CAR T cell manufacturing. A first-in-species trial of five dogs with DLBCL treated with CAR T was undertaken. Canine CAR T cells functioned in an antigen-specific manner and killed CD20+ targets. Circulating CAR T cells were detectable post-infusion, however, induction of canine anti-mouse antibodies (CAMA) was associated with CAR T cell loss. Specific selection pressure on CD20+ tumors was observed following CAR T cell therapy, culminating in antigen escape and emergence of CD20-disease. Patient survival times correlated with ex vivo product expansion. Altering product manufacturing improved transduction efficiency and skewed toward a memory-like phenotype of canine CAR T cells. Manufacturing of functional canine CAR T cells using a lentivector is feasible. Comparable challenges to effective CAR T cell therapy exist, indicating their relevance in informing future human clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazim Panjwani
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martha A MaloneyHuss
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumudhini P Haran
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ailian Xiong
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minnal Gupta
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irina Kulikovsaya
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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104
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Faist B, Schlott F, Stemberger C, Dennehy KM, Krackhardt A, Verbeek M, Grigoleit GU, Schiemann M, Hoffmann D, Dick A, Martin K, Hildebrandt M, Busch DH, Neuenhahn M. Targeted in-vitro-stimulation reveals highly proliferative multi-virus-specific human central memory T cells as candidates for prophylactic T cell therapy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223258. [PMID: 31568490 PMCID: PMC6768573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has become a treatment option for viral reactivations in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Animal models have shown that pathogen-specific central memory T cells (TCM) are protective even at low numbers and show long-term survival, extensive proliferation and high plasticity after adoptive transfer. Concomitantly, our own recent clinical data demonstrate that minimal doses of purified (not in-vitro- expanded) human CMV epitope-specific T cells can be sufficient to clear viremia. However, it remains to be determined if human virus-specific TCM show the same promising features for ACT as their murine counterparts. Using a peptide specific proliferation assay (PSPA) we studied the human Adenovirus- (AdV), Cytomegalovirus- (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV) specific TCM repertoires and determined their functional and proliferative capacities in vitro. TCM products were generated from buffy coats, as well as from non-mobilized and mobilized apheresis products either by flow cytometry-based cell sorting or magnetic cell enrichment using reversible Fab-Streptamers. Adjusted to virus serology and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typing, donor samples were analyzed with MHC multimer- and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) before and after PSPA. TCM cultures showed strong proliferation of a plethora of functional virus-specific T cells. Using PSPA, we could unveil tiniest virus epitope-specific TCM populations, which had remained undetectable in conventional ex-vivo-staining. Furthermore, we could confirm these characteristics for mobilized apheresis- and GMP-grade Fab-Streptamer-purified TCM products. Consequently, we conclude that TCM bare high potential for prophylactic low-dose ACT. In addition, use of Fab-Streptamer-purified TCM allows circumventing regulatory restrictions typically found in conventional ACT product generation. These GMP-compatible TCM can now be used as a broad-spectrum antiviral T cell prophylaxis in alloHSCT patients and PSPA is going to be an indispensable tool for advanced TCM characterization during concomitant immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Faist
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Schlott
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kevin M. Dennehy
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela Krackhardt
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Verbeek
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Götz U. Grigoleit
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Virology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Dick
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Martin
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hildebrandt
- TUM Cells Interdisciplinary Center for Cellular Therapies, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Neuenhahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Cells Interdisciplinary Center for Cellular Therapies, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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105
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T cell engineering for adoptive T cell therapy: safety and receptor avidity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1701-1712. [PMID: 31542797 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the first bone marrow transplantation, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has developed over the last 80 years to a highly efficient and specific therapy for infections and cancer. Genetic engineering of T cells with antigen-specific receptors now provides the possibility of generating highly defined and efficacious T cell products. The high sensitivity of engineered T cells towards their targets, however, also bears the risk of severe off-target toxicities. Therefore, different safety strategies for engineered T cells have been developed that enable removal of the transferred cells in case of adverse events, control of T cell activity or improvement of target selectivity. Receptor avidity is a crucial component in the balance between safety and efficacy of T cell products. In clinical trials, T cells equipped with high avidity T cell receptor (TCR)/chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have been mostly used so far because of their faster and better response to antigen recognition. However, over-activation can trigger T cell exhaustion/death as well as side effects due to excessive cytokine production. Low avidity T cells, on the other hand, are less susceptible to over-activation and could possess better selectivity in case of tumor antigens shared with healthy tissues, but complete tumor eradication may not be guaranteed. In this review we describe how 'optimal' TCR/CAR affinity can increase the safety/efficacy balance of engineered T cells, and discuss simultaneous or sequential infusion of high and low avidity receptors as further options for efficacious but safe T cell therapy.
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106
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Human Platelet Lysate Media Supplement Supports Lentiviral Transduction and Expansion of Human T Lymphocytes While Maintaining Memory Phenotype. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3616120. [PMID: 31565660 PMCID: PMC6746159 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3616120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat malignancies that were up until recently only treated on a palliative basis. Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) modified T lymphocytes (T cells) in particular have proven to be very effective for certain hematological malignancies. The production of CAR T cells usually involves viral transduction and ex vivo culture of T cells. The aim of this study was to explore the use of human platelet lysate (HPL) compared to two commonly used supplements, human AB serum (ABS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS), for modified T cell production. For studying transduction, activated T cells were transduced with lentivirus to deliver GFP transgenes with three different promoters. Transduction efficiency (percent GFP) was similar among the supplements, and a modest increase in the transgene product (mean fluorescence intensity) was observed when HPL was used as a supplement compared to ABS. To study the effect of supplements on expansion, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were activated and expanded in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL2) for fourteen days. T cell expansions using HPL and ABS were comparable and slightly less than the expansion obtained with FBS. Interestingly, cells expanded in media supplemented with HPL showed a higher percentage of T cells with a central memory phenotype compared to those expanded in ABS or FBS. Protein profiling revealed that the phenotypic differences may be explained by elevated levels of several cytokines in HPL, including IL7. The results suggest that the use of HPL as a cell culture supplement during the production of modified T cells is a reasonable alternative to ABS. Furthermore, the use of HPL may enhance in vivo performance of the final product by enriching for central memory T cells that are associated with long-term persistence following adoptive transfer.
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107
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Enhancement of autophagy as a strategy for development of new DNA vaccine candidates against Japanese encephalitis. Vaccine 2019; 37:5588-5595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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108
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Han C, Kwon BS. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for cancer: a basic research-oriented perspective. Immunotherapy 2019; 10:221-234. [PMID: 29370727 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have outstanding therapeutic potential for treating blood cancers. The prospects for this technology have accelerated basic research, clinical translation and Big Pharma's investment in the field of T-cell therapeutics. This interest has led to the discovery of key factors that affect CAR T-cell efficacy and play pivotal roles in T-cell immunology. Herein, we introduce advances in adoptive immunotherapy and the birth of CAR T cells, and review CAR T-cell studies that focus on three important features: CAR constructs, target antigens and T-cell phenotypes. At last, we highlight novel strategies that overcome the tumor microenvironment and circumvent CAR T-cell side effects, and consider the future direction of CAR T-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungyong Han
- Immunotherapeutics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Immunotherapeutics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.,Eutilex Co., Ltd, Suite #1401, Daeryung Technotown 17, Gasan digital 1-ro 25, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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109
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Bachem A, Makhlouf C, Binger KJ, de Souza DP, Tull D, Hochheiser K, Whitney PG, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Dähling S, Kastenmüller W, Jönsson J, Gressier E, Lew AM, Perdomo C, Kupz A, Figgett W, Mackay F, Oleshansky M, Russ BE, Parish IA, Kallies A, McConville MJ, Turner SJ, Gebhardt T, Bedoui S. Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote the Memory Potential of Antigen-Activated CD8 + T Cells. Immunity 2019; 51:285-297.e5. [PMID: 31272808 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interactions with the microbiota influence many aspects of immunity, including immune cell development, differentiation, and function. Here, we examined the impact of the microbiota on CD8+ T cell memory. Antigen-activated CD8+ T cells transferred into germ-free mice failed to transition into long-lived memory cells and had transcriptional impairments in core genes associated with oxidative metabolism. The microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate promoted cellular metabolism, enhanced memory potential of activated CD8+ T cells, and SCFAs were required for optimal recall responses upon antigen re-encounter. Mechanistic experiments revealed that butyrate uncoupled the tricarboxylic acid cycle from glycolytic input in CD8+ T cells, which allowed preferential fueling of oxidative phosphorylation through sustained glutamine utilization and fatty acid catabolism. Our findings reveal a role for the microbiota in promoting CD8+ T cell long-term survival as memory cells and suggest that microbial metabolites guide the metabolic rewiring of activated CD8+ T cells to enable this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christina Makhlouf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David P de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Deidra Tull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katharina Hochheiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul G Whitney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sabrina Dähling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Johanna Jönsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elise Gressier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Carolina Perdomo
- Department of Immunology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Department of Immunology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - William Figgett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Moshe Oleshansky
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Brendan E Russ
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ian A Parish
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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110
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Chapuis AG, Egan DN, Bar M, Schmitt TM, McAfee MS, Paulson KG, Voillet V, Gottardo R, Ragnarsson GB, Bleakley M, Yeung CC, Muhlhauser P, Nguyen HN, Kropp LA, Castelli L, Wagener F, Hunter D, Lindberg M, Cohen K, Seese A, McElrath MJ, Duerkopp N, Gooley TA, Greenberg PD. T cell receptor gene therapy targeting WT1 prevents acute myeloid leukemia relapse post-transplant. Nat Med 2019; 25:1064-1072. [PMID: 31235963 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the leading cause of death in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) entering HCT with poor-risk features1-3. When HCT does produce prolonged relapse-free survival, it commonly reflects graft-versus-leukemia effects mediated by donor T cells reactive with antigens on leukemic cells4. As graft T cells have not been selected for leukemia specificity and frequently recognize proteins expressed by many normal host tissues, graft-versus-leukemia effects are often accompanied by morbidity and mortality from graft-versus-host disease5. Thus, AML relapse risk might be more effectively reduced with T cells expressing receptors (TCRs) that target selected AML antigens6. We therefore isolated a high-affinity Wilms' Tumor Antigen 1-specific TCR (TCRC4) from HLA-A2+ normal donor repertoires, inserted TCRC4 into Epstein-Bar virus-specific donor CD8+ T cells (TTCR-C4) to minimize graft-versus-host disease risk and enhance transferred T cell survival7,8, and infused these cells prophylactically post-HCT into 12 patients ( NCT01640301 ). Relapse-free survival was 100% at a median of 44 months following infusion, while a concurrent comparative group of 88 patients with similar risk AML had 54% relapse-free survival (P = 0.002). TTCR-C4 maintained TCRC4 expression, persisted long-term and were polyfunctional. This strategy appears promising for preventing AML recurrence in individuals at increased risk of post-HCT relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude G Chapuis
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel N Egan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Merav Bar
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas M Schmitt
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan S McAfee
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly G Paulson
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Valentin Voillet
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gunnar B Ragnarsson
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Landspítali Háskólasjúkrahús, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Marie Bleakley
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cecilia C Yeung
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hieu N Nguyen
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Alpine Biotech, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lara A Kropp
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Therapeutic Products Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luca Castelli
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Therapeutic Products Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Felecia Wagener
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Hunter
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcus Lindberg
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natalie Duerkopp
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ted A Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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111
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Keller MD, Darko S, Lang H, Ransier A, Lazarski CA, Wang Y, Hanley PJ, Davila BJ, Heimall JR, Ambinder RF, Barrett AJ, Rooney CM, Heslop HE, Douek DC, Bollard CM. T-cell receptor sequencing demonstrates persistence of virus-specific T cells after antiviral immunotherapy. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:206-218. [PMID: 31219185 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Adoptive cellular therapy with virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has been successful in preventing or treating targeted viruses in prior studies, but the composition of ex vivo expanded VST and the critical cell populations that mediate antiviral activity in vivo are not well defined. We utilized deep sequencing of the T-cell receptor beta chain (TCRB) in order to classify and track VST populations in 12 patients who received VSTs following HSCT to prevent or treat viral infections. TCRB sequencing was performed on sorted VST products and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples. TCRB diversity was gauged using the Shannon entropy index, and repertoire similarity determined using the Morisita-Horn index. Similarity indices reflected an early change in TCRB diversity in eight patients, and TCRB clonotypes corresponding to targeted viral epitopes expanded in eight patients. TCRB repertoire diversity increased in nine patients, and correlated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load following VST infusion (P = 0·0071). These findings demonstrate that allogeneic VSTs can be tracked via TCRB sequencing, and suggests that T-cell receptor repertoire diversity may be critical for the control of CMV reactivation after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haili Lang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Blachy J Davila
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer R Heimall
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard F Ambinder
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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112
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McLellan AD, Ali Hosseini Rad SM. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell persistence and memory cell formation. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:664-674. [PMID: 31009109 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is now becoming clear that less differentiated naive and memory T cells are superior to effector T cells in the transfer of immunity for adoptive cell therapy. This review will outline the challenges faced by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in the generation of persistence and memory for CAR T cells, and summarize recent strategies to improve CAR T cell persistence, with a focus on memory cell formation. The relevance of enhancing persistence in more differentiated effector T cells is also covered, because genetic and pharmacological interventions may prolong effector T cell activity and lifespan, thereby improving anti-cancer activity. In particular, it may be possible to enforce epigenetic changes in differentiated T cells to enhance memory CAR T cell formation. Optimizing the generation of self-renewing T cell populations (e.g. memory cells), while maintaining differentiated effector T cells through epigenome modification, will help overcome barriers to T cell expansion and survival, thereby improving clinical outcomes in CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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113
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Jergović M, Uhrlaub JL, Contreras NA, Nikolich-Žugich J. Do cytomegalovirus-specific memory T cells interfere with new immune responses in lymphoid tissues? GeroScience 2019; 41:155-163. [PMID: 31069636 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In both mice and humans, the CD8 T cell compartment is expanded with age in the presence of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection due to an absolute increase in the CD8+ T cell effector memory (TEM) cells. It has been hypothesized that in CMV+ subjects, such accumulated TEM cells could interfere with responses to new infection by competing for space/resources or could inhibit new responses by other, undefined, means. Here we present evidence against this hypothesis. We show that MCMV-specific CD8 T cells accumulate in blood and bone marrow, but not lymph nodes (frequent sites of immune response initiation), in either persistent lifelong CMV infection or following reactivation. Moreover, adoptive transfer of effector memory T cells from MCMV positive mice into naïve animals did not interfere with either humoral or cellular response to West Nile virus or Listeria monocytogenes infection in recipient mice. We conclude that MCMV infection is unlikely to inhibit new immune responses in old animals through direct interference of MCMV-specific CD8 T cells with the priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, P.O. Box 221245, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, P.O. Box 221245, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Nico A Contreras
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, P.O. Box 221245, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, P.O. Box 221245, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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114
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Mardiana S, Lai J, House IG, Beavis PA, Darcy PK. Switching on the green light for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1046. [PMID: 31073403 PMCID: PMC6500780 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy involving genetic modification of T cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transgene offers a promising strategy to broaden the efficacy of this approach for the effective treatment of cancer. Although remarkable antitumor responses have been observed following CAR T‐cell therapy in a subset of B‐cell malignancies, this has yet to be extended in the context of solid cancers. A number of promising strategies involving reprogramming the tumor microenvironment, increasing the specificity and safety of gene‐modified T cells and harnessing the endogenous immune response have been tested in preclinical models that may have a significant impact in patients with solid cancers. This review will discuss these exciting new developments and the challenges that must be overcome to deliver a more sustained and potent therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherly Mardiana
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Junyun Lai
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Imran Geoffrey House
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Paul Andrew Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Phillip Kevin Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Pathology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Immunology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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115
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Chicaybam L, Abdo L, Carneiro M, Peixoto B, Viegas M, de Sousa P, Fornazin MC, Spago MC, Albertoni Laranjeira AB, de Campos-Lima PO, Nowill A, Barros LRC, Bonamino MH. CAR T Cells Generated UsingSleeping BeautyTransposon Vectors and Expanded with an EBV-Transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Line Display Antitumor ActivityIn VitroandIn Vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:511-522. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Chicaybam
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice-Presidency of Research and Biological Collections, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Abdo
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayra Carneiro
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Peixoto
- Cell Biology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Viegas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Sousa
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia C. Fornazin
- Integrated Center for Oncohematology Research in Infancy, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Spago
- Integrated Center for Oncohematology Research in Infancy, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro O. de Campos-Lima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Functional and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Nowill
- Integrated Center for Oncohematology Research in Infancy, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martín H. Bonamino
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice-Presidency of Research and Biological Collections, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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116
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Kerdidani D, Chouvardas P, Arjo AR, Giopanou I, Ntaliarda G, Guo YA, Tsikitis M, Kazamias G, Potaris K, Stathopoulos GT, Zakynthinos S, Kalomenidis I, Soumelis V, Kollias G, Tsoumakidou M. Wnt1 silences chemokine genes in dendritic cells and induces adaptive immune resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1405. [PMID: 30926812 PMCID: PMC6441097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)-derived Wnts increase cancer cell proliferative/stemness potential, but whether they impact the immune microenvironment is unknown. Here we show that LUAD cells use paracrine Wnt1 signaling to induce immune resistance. In TCGA, Wnt1 correlates strongly with tolerogenic genes. In another LUAD cohort, Wnt1 inversely associates with T cell abundance. Altering Wnt1 expression profoundly affects growth of murine lung adenocarcinomas and this is dependent on conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and T cells. Mechanistically, Wnt1 leads to transcriptional silencing of CC/CXC chemokines in cDCs, T cell exclusion and cross-tolerance. Wnt-target genes are up-regulated in human intratumoral cDCs and decrease upon silencing Wnt1, accompanied by enhanced T cell cytotoxicity. siWnt1-nanoparticles given as single therapy or part of combinatorial immunotherapies act at both arms of the cancer-immune ecosystem to halt tumor growth. Collectively, our studies show that Wnt1 induces immunologically cold tumors through cDCs and highlight its immunotherapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kerdidani
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari-Athens, 16672, Greece.,1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Chouvardas
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari-Athens, 16672, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ares Rocanin Arjo
- Integrative Biology of Human Dendritic Cells and T Cells, Institute Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Ioanna Giopanou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, 26504, Greece
| | - Giannoula Ntaliarda
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, 26504, Greece
| | - Yu Amanda Guo
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Georgios Kazamias
- Department of Histopathology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | | | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, 26504, Greece.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Bavaria, 81377, Germany
| | - Spyros Zakynthinos
- 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kalomenidis
- 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Integrative Biology of Human Dendritic Cells and T Cells, Institute Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - George Kollias
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari-Athens, 16672, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumakidou
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari-Athens, 16672, Greece.
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117
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Nunoya JI, Masuda M, Ye C, Su L. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Bearing Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Co-stimulatory Signal Domain Exhibits High Functional Potency. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:27-37. [PMID: 31011630 PMCID: PMC6463745 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a hybrid molecule consisting of an antigen-binding domain and a signal transduction domain. The artificial T cells expressing CAR (CAR-T cells) are expected to be a useful tool for treatment of various diseases, such as cancer. The addition of a co-stimulatory signal domain (CSSD) to CAR is shown to be critical for modulating CAR-T cell activities. However, the interplay among types of CSSDs, effector functions, and characteristics of CAR-T cells is largely unknown. To elucidate the interplay, we analyzed effector functions, differentiation to memory T cell subsets, exhaustion, and energy metabolism of the CAR-T cells with different CSSDs. Comparing to the CAR-T cells bearing a CD28- or 4-1BB-derived CSSD, which are currently used for CAR-T cell development, we found that the CAR-T cells with a herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)-derived CSSD exhibited enhanced effector functions and efficient and balanced differentiation to both central and effector memory subsets, associated with an elevated energy metabolism and a reduced level of exhaustion. Thus, we developed the CAR-T cells bearing the CSSD derived from HVEM with high functional potency. The HVEM-derived CSSD may be useful for developing effective CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Nunoya
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Corresponding author: Jun-ichi Nunoya, Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chaobaihui Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Corresponding author: Lishan Su, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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118
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Kim HK, Chung H, Kwon J, Castro E, Johns C, Hawk NV, Hwang S, Park JH, Gress RE. Differential Cytokine Utilization and Tissue Tropism Results in Distinct Repopulation Kinetics of Naïve vs. Memory T Cells in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 30886618 PMCID: PMC6409349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve and memory T cells co-exist in the peripheral T cell pool, but the cellular mechanisms that maintain the balance and homeostasis of these two populations remain mostly unclear. To address this question, here, we assessed homeostatic proliferation and repopulation kinetics of adoptively transferred naïve and memory T cells in lymphopenic host mice. We identified distinct kinetics of proliferation and tissue-distribution between naïve and memory donor T cells, which resulted in the occupancy of the peripheral T cell pool by mostly naïve-origin T cells in short term (<1 week), but, in a dramatic reversal, by mostly memory-origin T cells in long term (>4 weeks). To explain this finding, we assessed utilization of the homeostatic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 by naïve and memory T cells. We found different efficiencies of IL-7 signaling between naïve and memory T cells, where memory T cells expressed larger amounts of IL-7Rα but were significantly less potent in activation of STAT5 that is downstream of IL-7 signaling. Nonetheless, memory T cells were superior in long-term repopulation of the peripheral T cell pool, presumably, because they preferentially migrated into non-lymphoid tissues upon adoptive transfer and additionally utilized tissue IL-15 for rapid expansion. Consequently, co-utilization of IL-7 and IL-15 provides memory T cells a long-term survival advantage. We consider this mechanism important, as it permits the memory T cell population to be maintained in face of constant influx of naïve T cells to the peripheral T cell pool and under competing conditions for survival cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Juntae Kwon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Johns
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nga V Hawk
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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119
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Zhuang Q, Peng B, Wei W, Gong H, Yu M, Yang M, Liu L, Ming Y. The detailed distribution of T cell subpopulations in immune-stable renal allograft recipients: a single center study. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6417. [PMID: 30775184 PMCID: PMC6369828 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most renal allograft recipients reach a stable immune state (neither rejection nor infection) after transplantation. However, the detailed distribution of overall T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of these immune-stable renal transplant recipients remains unclear. We aim to identify differences between this stable immune state and a healthy immune state. Methods In total, 103 recipients underwent renal transplantation from 2012 to 2016 and received regular follow-up in our clinic. A total of 88 of these 103 recipients were enrolled in our study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 47 patients were 1 year post-transplantation, and 41 were 5 years post-transplantation. In addition, 41 healthy volunteers were recruited from our physical examination clinic. Detailed T cell subpopulations from the peripheral blood were assessed via flow cytometry. The parental frequency of each subset was calculated and compared among the diverse groups. Results The demographics and baseline characteristics of every group were analyzed. The frequency of total T cells (CD3+) was decreased in the renal allograft recipients. No difference in the variation of the CD4+, CD8+, and activated (HLA-DR+) T cell subsets was noted among the diverse groups. Regarding T cell receptor (TCR) markers, significant reductions were found in the proportion of γδ T cells and their Vδ2 subset in the renal allograft recipients. The proportions of both CD4+ and CD8+ programmed cell death protein (PD) 1+ T cell subsets were increased in the renal allograft recipients. The CD27+CD28+ T cell proportions in both the CD4+ and CD8+ populations were significantly decreased in the allograft recipients, but the opposite results were found for both CD4+ and CD8+ CD27-CD28- T cells. An increased percentage of CD4+ effector memory T cells and a declined fraction of CD8+ central memory T cells were found in the renal allograft recipients. Conclusion Limited differences in general T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and HLA-DR+) were noted. However, obvious differences between renal allograft recipients and healthy volunteers were identified with TCR, PD1, costimulatory molecules, and memory T cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hang Gong
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Manufacture of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells from Mobilized Cyropreserved Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Units Depends on Monocyte Depletion. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:223-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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121
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Dwivedi A, Karulkar A, Ghosh S, Rafiq A, Purwar R. Lymphocytes in Cellular Therapy: Functional Regulation of CAR T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3180. [PMID: 30713539 PMCID: PMC6345708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes especially autologous T cells have been used for the treatment of numerous indications including cancers, autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases. Very recently, FDA approved Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T cells) therapy for relapse and refractory CD19+ B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL) and r/r diffuse large B cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) upon their remarkable success in multiple Phase I-II clinical trials. While CAR T cells are considered as major breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy, the regulation of CAR T cells remains poorly understood. In this review we will discuss the strategies that regulate the CAR T cells efficacy and persistence with focus on roles of different structural component of CAR construct. Different domains of CAR construct, for example, antigen binding domain, hinge, transmembrane, and signaling domain as well as immune-regulatory cytokines have significant impact on CAR T cell efficacy. Finally, this review will highlight the strategies that will promote CAR T cells efficacy and will reduce the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Dwivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Atharva Karulkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Afrin Rafiq
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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van der Lee DI, Reijmers RM, Honders MW, Hagedoorn RS, de Jong RC, Kester MG, van der Steen DM, de Ru AH, Kweekel C, Bijen HM, Jedema I, Veelken H, van Veelen PA, Heemskerk MH, Falkenburg JHF, Griffioen M. Mutated nucleophosmin 1 as immunotherapy target in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:774-785. [PMID: 30640174 DOI: 10.1172/jci97482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is defined by mutations in the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene. Mutated NPM1 (ΔNPM1) is an attractive target for immunotherapy, since it is an essential driver gene and 4 bp frameshift insertions occur in the same hotspot in 30%-35% of AMLs, resulting in a C-terminal alternative reading frame of 11 aa. By searching the HLA class I ligandome of primary AMLs, we identified multiple ΔNPM1-derived peptides. For one of these peptides, HLA-A*02:01-binding CLAVEEVSL, we searched for specific T cells in healthy individuals using peptide-HLA tetramers. Tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells were isolated and analyzed for reactivity against primary AMLs. From one clone with superior antitumor reactivity, we isolated the T cell receptor (TCR) and demonstrated specific recognition and lysis of HLA-A*02:01-positive ΔNPM1 AML after retroviral transfer to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Antitumor efficacy of TCR-transduced T cells was confirmed in immunodeficient mice engrafted with a human AML cell line expressing ΔNPM1. In conclusion, the data show that ΔNPM1-derived peptides are presented on AML and that CLAVEEVSL is a neoantigen that can be efficiently targeted on AML by ΔNPM1 TCR gene transfer. Immunotherapy targeting ΔNPM1 may therefore contribute to treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Lee JB, Kang H, Fang L, D'Souza C, Adeyi O, Zhang L. Developing Allogeneic Double-Negative T Cells as a Novel Off-the-Shelf Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2241-2253. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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124
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Campbell JD, Fraser AR. Flow cytometric assays for identity, safety and potency of cellular therapies. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:569-579. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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125
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Stock S, Hoffmann JM, Schubert ML, Wang L, Wang S, Gong W, Neuber B, Gern U, Schmitt A, Müller-Tidow C, Dreger P, Schmitt M, Sellner L. Influence of Retronectin-Mediated T-Cell Activation on Expansion and Phenotype of CD19-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1167-1182. [PMID: 30024314 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced in vivo expansion, long-term persistence of chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells, and efficient tumor eradication through these cells are linked to the proportion of less-differentiated cells in the CART cell product. Retronectin is well established as an adjuvant for improved retroviral transduction, while its property to enrich less-differentiated T cells is less known. In order to increase these subsets, this study investigated the effects of retronectin-mediated T-cell activation for CD19-specific CART cell production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients without or with positive selection for CD3+ T cells were transduced with a CD19.CAR.CD28.CD137zeta third-generation retroviral vector. Activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed by CD3/CD28, CD3/CD28/retronectin, or CD3/retronectin. Interleukin-7 and -15 were supplemented to all cultures. Retronectin was used in all three activation protocols for retroviral transduction. Expansion was assessed by trypan blue staining. Viability, transduction efficiency, immune phenotype, and cytokine production were longitudinally analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic capacity of generated CART cells was evaluated using a classical chromium-51 release assay. Retronectin-mediated activation resulted in an enrichment of CD8+ cytotoxic CART cells and less-differentiated naïve-like T cells (CD45RA+CCR7+). Retronectin-activated CART cells showed increased cytotoxic activity. However, activation with retronectin decreased viability, expansion, transduction efficiency, and cytokine production, particularly of CLL patient-derived CART cells. Both retronectin-mediated activation protocols promoted a less-differentiated CART cell phenotype without comprising cytotoxic properties of healthy donor-derived CART cells. However, up-front retronectin resulted in reduced viability and expansion in CLL patients. This effect is probably attributed to the retronectin-mediated activation of B cells with prolonged CLL persistence. Consequently, CART cell expansion and generation failed. In summary, activation with retronectin should be performed with caution and may be limited to patients without a higher percentage of tumor cells in the peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Stock
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Hoffmann
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Luisa Schubert
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanmei Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenjie Gong
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gern
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
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126
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Miron M, Kumar BV, Meng W, Granot T, Carpenter DJ, Senda T, Chen D, Rosenfeld AM, Zhang B, Lerner H, Friedman AL, Hershberg U, Shen Y, Rahman A, Luning Prak ET, Farber DL. Human Lymph Nodes Maintain TCF-1 hi Memory T Cells with High Functional Potential and Clonal Diversity throughout Life. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2132-2140. [PMID: 30111633 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Translating studies on T cell function and modulation from mouse models to humans requires extrapolating in vivo results on mouse T cell responses in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes [LN]) to human peripheral blood T cells. However, our understanding of T cell responses in human lymphoid sites and their relation to peripheral blood remains sparse. In this study, we used a unique human tissue resource to study human T cells in different anatomical compartments within individual donors and identify a subset of memory CD8+ T cells in LN, which maintain a distinct differentiation and functional profile compared with memory CD8+ T cells in blood, spleen, bone marrow, and lungs. Whole-transcriptome and high-dimensional cytometry by time-of-flight profiling reveals that LN memory CD8+ T cells express signatures of quiescence and self-renewal compared with corresponding populations in blood, spleen, bone marrow, and lung. LN memory T cells exhibit a distinct transcriptional signature, including expression of stem cell-associated transcription factors TCF-1 and LEF-1, T follicular helper cell markers CXCR5 and CXCR4, and reduced expression of effector molecules. LN memory T cells display high homology to a subset of mouse CD8+ T cells identified in chronic infection models that respond to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Functionally, human LN memory T cells exhibit increased proliferation to TCR-mediated stimulation and maintain higher TCR clonal diversity compared with memory T cells from blood and other sites. These findings establish human LN as reservoirs for memory T cells with high capacities for expansion and diverse recognition and important targets for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Miron
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Brahma V Kumar
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Tomer Granot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Dustin J Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Dora Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bochao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Uri Hershberg
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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127
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Mousset CM, Hobo W, Ji Y, Fredrix H, De Giorgi V, Allison RD, Kester MGD, Falkenburg JHF, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, Gattinoni L, Dolstra H, van der Waart AB. Ex vivo AKT-inhibition facilitates generation of polyfunctional stem cell memory-like CD8 + T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1488565. [PMID: 30288356 PMCID: PMC6169586 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1488565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has shown clinical potential for patients with cancer, though effective treatment is dependent on longevity and potency of the exploited tumor-reactive T cells. Previously, we showed that ex vivo inhibition of AKT using the research compound Akt-inhibitor VIII retained differentiation and improved functionality of minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we compared a panel of clinically applicable AKT-inhibitors with an allosteric or adenosine triphosphate-competitive mode of action. We analyzed phenotype, functionality, metabolism and transcriptome of AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells using different T cell activation models. Most inhibitors facilitated T cell expansion while preserving an early memory phenotype, reflected by maintenance of CD62L, CCR7 and CXCR4 expression. Moreover, transcriptome profiling revealed that AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells clustered closely to naturally occurring stem cell-memory CD8+ T cells, while control T cells resembled effector-memory T cells. Interestingly, AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells showed enrichment of hypoxia-associated genes, which was consistent with enhanced glycolytic function. Notably, AKT-inhibition during MiHA-specific CD8+ T cell priming uncoupled preservation of early memory differentiation from ex vivo expansion. Furthermore, AKT-inhibited MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells showed increased polyfunctionality with co-secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 upon antigen recall. Together, these data demonstrate that AKT-inhibitors with different modality of action promote the ex vivo generation of stem cell memory-like CD8+ T cells with a unique metabolic profile and retained polyfunctionality. Akt-inhibitor VIII and GDC-0068 outperformed other inhibitors, and are therefore promising candidates for ex vivo generation of superior tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Mousset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanny Fredrix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Allison
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J H Frederik Falkenburg
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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128
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Hickey JW, Kosmides AK, Schneck JP. Engineering Platforms for T Cell Modulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:277-362. [PMID: 30262034 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cells are crucial contributors to mounting an effective immune response and increasingly the focus of therapeutic interventions in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity. Translation of current T cell immunotherapies has been hindered by off-target toxicities, limited efficacy, biological variability, and high costs. As T cell therapeutics continue to develop, the application of engineering concepts to control their delivery and presentation will be critical for their success. Here, we outline the engineer's toolbox and contextualize it with the biology of T cells. We focus on the design principles of T cell modulation platforms regarding size, shape, material, and ligand choice. Furthermore, we review how application of these design principles has already impacted T cell immunotherapies and our understanding of T cell biology. Recent, salient examples from protein engineering, synthetic particles, cellular and genetic engineering, and scaffolds and surfaces are provided to reinforce the importance of design considerations. Our aim is to provide a guide for immunologists, engineers, clinicians, and the pharmaceutical sector for the design of T cell-targeting platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Hickey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa K Kosmides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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129
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Ratajczak W, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. Immunological memory cells. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:194-203. [PMID: 30135633 PMCID: PMC6102609 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.77390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews immunological memory cells, currently represented by T and B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, which determine a rapid and effective response against a second encounter with the same antigen. Among T lymphocytes, functions of memory cells are provided by their subsets: central memory, effector memory, tissue-resident memory, regulatory memory and stem memory T cells. Memory T and B lymphocytes have an essential role in the immunity against microbial pathogens but are also involved in autoimmunity and maternal-fetal tolerance. Furthermore, the evidence of immunological memory has been established for NK cells. NK cells can respond to haptens or viruses, which results in generation of antigen-specific memory cells. T, B and NK cells, which have a role in immunological memory, have been characterized phenotypically and functionally. During the secondary immune response, these cells are involved in the reaction against foreign antigens, including pathogens, and take part in autoimmune diseases, but also are crucial to immunological tolerance and vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Ratajczak
- Scientific Circle of Microbiologists, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Beata Tokarz-Deptuła
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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130
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Takeda Y, Yoshida S, Takashima K, Ishii-Mugikura N, Shime H, Seya T, Matsumoto M. Vaccine immunotherapy with ARNAX induces tumor-specific memory T cells and durable anti-tumor immunity in mouse models. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2119-2129. [PMID: 29791768 PMCID: PMC6029830 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological checkpoint blockade therapies benefit a limited population of cancer patients. We have previously shown that vaccine immunotherapy with Toll‐like receptor (TLR)3‐adjuvant and tumor antigen overcomes anti‐programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) resistance in mouse tumor models. In the present study, 4 different ovalbumin (OVA)‐expressing tumor cell lines were implanted into syngeneic mice and subjected to anti‐tumor immunotherapy using ARNAX and whole OVA protein. ARNAX is a TLR3‐specific agonist that does not activate the mitochondrial antiviral‐signaling protein (MAVS) pathway, and thus does not induce systemic inflammation. Dendritic cell priming and proliferative CTL were induced by ARNAX + OVA, but complete remission was achieved only in a PD‐L1‐low cell line of EG7. Addition of anti‐PD‐L1 antibody to the ARNAX + OVA therapy brought complete remission to another PD‐L1‐high subline of EG7. Tumor shrinkage but not remission was observed in MO5 in that regimen. We analyzed tumor cells and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells to identify factors associated with successful ARNAX vaccine therapy. Tumors that responded to ARNAX therapy expressed high levels of MHC class I and low levels of PD‐L1. The tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in ARNAX‐susceptible tumors contained fewer immunosuppressive myeloid cells with low PD‐L1 expression. Combination with anti‐PD‐L1 antibody functioned not only within tumor sites but also within lymphoid tissues, augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of the ARNAX vaccine. Notably, ARNAX therapy induced memory CD8+ T cells and rejection of reimplanted tumors. Thus, ARNAX vaccine + anti‐PD‐L1 therapy enabled permanent remission against some tumors that stably present antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takeda
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumito Yoshida
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Takashima
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishii-Mugikura
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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131
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132
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Krackhardt AM, Anliker B, Hildebrandt M, Bachmann M, Eichmüller SB, Nettelbeck DM, Renner M, Uharek L, Willimsky G, Schmitt M, Wels WS, Schüssler-Lenz M. Clinical translation and regulatory aspects of CAR/TCR-based adoptive cell therapies-the German Cancer Consortium approach. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:513-523. [PMID: 29380009 PMCID: PMC11028374 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically modified by TCRs or CARs represents a highly attractive novel therapeutic strategy to treat malignant diseases. Various approaches for the development of such gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) have been initiated by scientists in recent years. To date, however, the number of clinical trials commenced in Germany and Europe is still low. Several hurdles may contribute to the delay in clinical translation of these therapeutic innovations including the significant complexity of manufacture and non-clinical testing of these novel medicinal products, the limited knowledge about the intricate regulatory requirements of the academic developers as well as limitations of funds for clinical testing. A suitable good manufacturing practice (GMP) environment is a key prerequisite and platform for the development, validation, and manufacture of such cell-based therapies, but may also represent a bottleneck for clinical translation. The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI) have initiated joint efforts of researchers and regulators to facilitate and advance early phase, academia-driven clinical trials. Starting with a workshop held in 2016, stakeholders from academia and regulatory authorities in Germany have entered into continuing discussions on a diversity of scientific, manufacturing, and regulatory aspects, as well as the benefits and risks of clinical application of CAR/TCR-based cell therapies. This review summarizes the current state of discussions of this cooperative approach providing a basis for further policy-making and suitable modification of processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Krackhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Anliker
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI, German Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines), Langen, Germany
| | - Martin Hildebrandt
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- TUMCells (Interdisciplinary Center for Cellular Therapies), TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Radio and Tumorimmunology, Dresden, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT), Heidelberg and Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT), Heidelberg and Dresden, Germany
- GMP and T Cell Therapy Unit, DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk M Nettelbeck
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Renner
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI, German Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines), Langen, Germany
| | - Lutz Uharek
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- Stem Cell Facility, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V, GMP Core Facility, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- DKTK-Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium) and DKFZ-Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martina Schüssler-Lenz
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI, German Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines), Langen, Germany
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Brizić I, Šušak B, Arapović M, Huszthy PC, Hiršl L, Kveštak D, Juranić Lisnić V, Golemac M, Pernjak Pugel E, Tomac J, Oxenius A, Britt WJ, Arapović J, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S. Brain-resident memory CD8 + T cells induced by congenital CMV infection prevent brain pathology and virus reactivation. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:950-964. [PMID: 29500823 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Congenital HCMV infection is a leading infectious cause of long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. Infection of newborn mice with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) intraperitoneally is a well-established model of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection, which best recapitulates the hematogenous route of virus spread to brain and subsequent pathology. Here, we used this model to investigate the role, dynamics, and phenotype of CD8+ T cells in the brain following infection of newborn mice. We show that CD8+ T cells infiltrate the brain and form a pool of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) that persist for lifetime. Adoptively transferred virus-specific CD8+ T cells provide protection against primary MCMV infection in newborn mice, reduce brain pathology, and remain in the brain as TRM cells. Brain CD8+ TRM cells were long-lived, slowly proliferating cells able to respond to local challenge infection. Importantly, brain CD8+ TRM cells controlled latent MCMV and their depletion resulted in virus reactivation and enhanced inflammation in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Brizić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božo Šušak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Arapović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Peter C Huszthy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lea Hiršl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daria Kveštak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mijo Golemac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ester Pernjak Pugel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jelena Tomac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - William J Britt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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134
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Vizcardo R, Klemen ND, Islam SMR, Gurusamy D, Tamaoki N, Yamada D, Koseki H, Kidder BL, Yu Z, Jia L, Henning AN, Good ML, Bosch-Marce M, Maeda T, Liu C, Abdullaev Z, Pack S, Palmer DC, Stroncek DF, Ito F, Flomerfelt FA, Kruhlak MJ, Restifo NP. Generation of Tumor Antigen-Specific iPSC-Derived Thymic Emigrants Using a 3D Thymic Culture System. Cell Rep 2018; 22:3175-3190. [PMID: 29562175 PMCID: PMC5930030 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived T cells may provide future therapies for cancer patients, but those generated by current methods, such as the OP9/DLL1 system, have shown abnormalities that pose major barriers for clinical translation. Our data indicate that these iPSC-derived CD8 single-positive T cells are more like CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells than mature naive T cells because they display phenotypic markers of developmental arrest and an innate-like phenotype after stimulation. We developed a 3D thymic culture system to avoid these aberrant developmental fates, generating a homogeneous subset of CD8αβ+ antigen-specific T cells, designated iPSC-derived thymic emigrants (iTEs). iTEs exhibit phenotypic and functional similarities to naive T cells both in vitro and in vivo, including the capacity for expansion, memory formation, and tumor suppression. These data illustrate the limitations of current methods and provide a tool to develop the next generation of iPSC-based antigen-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Vizcardo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Klemen
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S M Rafiqul Islam
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Devikala Gurusamy
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Benjamin L Kidder
- Department of Oncology and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Jia
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amanda N Henning
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghan L Good
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marta Bosch-Marce
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Svetlana Pack
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas C Palmer
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Francis A Flomerfelt
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Kruhlak
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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135
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Zheng PP, Kros JM, Li J. Approved CAR T cell therapies: ice bucket challenges on glaring safety risks and long-term impacts. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1175-1182. [PMID: 29501911 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies (Kymriah™ and Yescarta™) were recently approved by the FDA. Kymriah™ is for the treatment of pediatric patients and young adults with refractory or relapse (R/R) B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Yescarta™ is for the treatment of adult patients with R/R large B cell lymphoma. In common, both are CD19-specific CAR T cell therapies lysing CD19-positive targets. Their dramatic efficacy in the short term has been highlighted by many media reports. By contrast, their glaring safety gaps behind the miracles remain much less addressed. Here, we focus on addressing the crucial challenges in relation to the gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Pin Zheng
- Drug Toxicity Research, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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136
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Dunbar CE, High KA, Joung JK, Kohn DB, Ozawa K, Sadelain M. Gene therapy comes of age. Science 2018; 359:359/6372/eaan4672. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After almost 30 years of promise tempered by setbacks, gene therapies are rapidly becoming a critical component of the therapeutic armamentarium for a variety of inherited and acquired human diseases. Gene therapies for inherited immune disorders, hemophilia, eye and neurodegenerative disorders, and lymphoid cancers recently progressed to approved drug status in the United States and Europe, or are anticipated to receive approval in the near future. In this Review, we discuss milestones in the development of gene therapies, focusing on direct in vivo administration of viral vectors and adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells or hematopoietic stem cells. We also discuss emerging genome editing technologies that should further advance the scope and efficacy of gene therapy approaches.
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137
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Hoffmann JM, Schubert ML, Wang L, Hückelhoven A, Sellner L, Stock S, Schmitt A, Kleist C, Gern U, Loskog A, Wuchter P, Hofmann S, Ho AD, Müller-Tidow C, Dreger P, Schmitt M. Differences in Expansion Potential of Naive Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells from Healthy Donors and Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1956. [PMID: 29375575 PMCID: PMC5767585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells for hematological malignancies has shown promising results. Effectiveness of CART cells may depend on the ratio of naive (TN) vs. effector (TE) T cells, TN cells being responsible for an enduring antitumor activity through maturation. Therefore, we investigated factors influencing the TN/TE ratio of CART cells. Materials and methods CART cells were generated upon transduction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a CD19.CAR-CD28-CD137zeta third generation retroviral vector under two different stimulating culture conditions: anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies adding either interleukin (IL)-7/IL-15 or IL-2. CART cells were maintained in culture for 20 days. We evaluated 24 healthy donors (HDs) and 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for the composition of cell subsets and produced CART cells. Phenotype and functionality were tested using flow cytometry and chromium release assays. Results IL-7/IL-15 preferentially induced differentiation into TN, stem cell memory (TSCM: naive CD27+ CD95+), CD4+ and CXCR3+ CART cells, while IL-2 increased effector memory (TEM), CD56+ and CD4+ T regulatory (TReg) CART cells. The net amplification of different CART subpopulations derived from HDs and untreated CLL patients was compared. Particularly the expansion of CD4+ CARTN cells differed significantly between the two groups. For HDs, this subtype expanded >60-fold, whereas CD4+ CARTN cells of untreated CLL patients expanded less than 10-fold. Expression of exhaustion marker programmed cell death 1 on CARTN cells on day 10 of culture was significantly higher in patient samples compared to HD samples. As the percentage of malignant B cells was expectedly higher within patient samples, an excessive amount of B cells during culture could account for the reduced expansion potential of CARTN cells in untreated CLL patients. Final TN/TE ratio stayed <0.3 despite stimulation condition for patients, whereas this ratio was >2 in samples from HDs stimulated with IL-7/IL-15, thus demonstrating efficient CARTN expansion. Conclusion Untreated CLL patients might constitute a challenge for long-lasting CART effects in vivo since only a low number of TN among the CART product could be generated. Depletion of malignant B cells before starting CART production might be considered to increase the TN/TE ratio within the CART product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Hoffmann
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Luisa Schubert
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Hückelhoven
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Stock
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kleist
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gern
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Hofmann
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Cellular Immunotherapy, GMP Core Facility, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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139
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Lindenstrøm T, Moguche A, Damborg M, Agger EM, Urdahl K, Andersen P. T Cells Primed by Live Mycobacteria Versus a Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine Exhibit Distinct Functional Properties. EBioMedicine 2017; 27:27-39. [PMID: 29249639 PMCID: PMC5828549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite inducing strong T cell responses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection fails to elicit protective immune memory. As such latently infected or successfully treated Tuberculosis (TB) patients are not protected against recurrent disease. Here, using a mouse model of aerosol Mtb infection, we show that memory immunity to H56/CAF01 subunit vaccination conferred sustained protection in contrast to the transient natural immunity conferred by Mtb infection. Loss of protection to re-infection in natural Mtb memory was temporally linked to an accelerated differentiation of ESAT-6- and to a lesser extent, Ag85B-specific CD4 T cells in both the lung parenchyma and vasculature. This phenotype was characterized by high KLRG1 expression and low, dual production of IFN-γ and TNF. In contrast, H56/CAF01 vaccination elicited cells that expressed low levels of KLRG1 with copious expression of IL-2 and IL-17A. Co-adoptive transfer studies revealed that H56/CAF01 induced memory CD4 T cells efficiently homed into the lung parenchyma of mice chronically infected with Mtb. In comparison, natural Mtb infection- and BCG vaccine-induced memory CD4 T cells exhibited a poor ability to home into the lung parenchyma. These studies suggest that impaired lung migratory capacity is an inherent trait of the terminally differentiated memory responses primed by mycobacteria/mycobacterial vectors. Differentiation state of M. tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific CD4 memory T cells differ depending on their initial priming Live mycobacteria prime fully differentiated CD4 memory T cells with lower lung homing capacity than subunit vaccination Lung parenchymal Mtb memory CD4 T cells produce fewer & less cytokines, express more KLRG1 and cannot sustain protection
People latently infected with M. tuberculosis or successfully treated for Tuberculosis are not protected against recurrent disease, even in the presence of strong T cell responses. Here, using a well-established mouse model, we show that in contrast to subunit vaccination, live mycobacteria prime CD4 T cells that are highly differentiated, have an inferior lung homing capacity and show impaired function once in the parenchyma leading to lack of sustained protection against challenge. This indicates a central shortcoming of natural immunity that needs to be addressed in order to develop improved vaccines against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark.
| | | | - Mie Damborg
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
| | - Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
| | - Kevin Urdahl
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
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140
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Tsuda B, Miyamoto A, Yokoyama K, Ogiya R, Oshitanai R, Terao M, Morioka T, Niikura N, Okamura T, Miyako H, Saito Y, Suzuki Y, Kametani Y, Tokuda Y. B-cell populations are expanded in breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls. Breast Cancer 2017; 25:284-291. [PMID: 29204848 PMCID: PMC5906508 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-017-0824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, humoral immunity was considered unimportant in anti-tumor immunity, and the differentiation and anti-tumor activity of B cells in breast cancer are poorly understood. However, it was recently discovered that B cells participate in tumor immunity through both antibody production and immunosuppressive mechanisms. We analyzed the expression of B-cell differentiation markers in detail using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to investigate the relationship between B-cell subsets and breast cancer etiology. METHODS Blood samples were taken from breast cancer patients and healthy donors, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected. B cells at various stages of differentiation were identified by the expression of combinations of the cell surface markers CD5, CD19, CD21, CD24, CD27, CD38, CD45, and IgD. Statistical analysis of the proportions of each B-cell subtype in the different patient groups was then performed. RESULTS Twenty-seven breast cancer patients and 12 controls were considered. The proportion of total B cells was significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls (11.51 ± 2.059 vs 8.905 ± 0.379%, respectively; p = 0.001). Breast cancer patients were then classified as High-B or Low-B for further analysis. A significantly higher proportion of memory B cells was found in the High-B group than in the Low-B or control groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer patients generally have a higher proportion of B cells than healthy controls, but this is highly variable. Analysis of the major B-cell surface markers indicates that memory B cells in particular are significantly expanded, or more robust, in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banri Tsuda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Asuka Miyamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kozue Yokoyama
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Rin Ogiya
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Risa Oshitanai
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Mayako Terao
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Toru Morioka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Naoki Niikura
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takuho Okamura
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tokuda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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141
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Sadelain M, Rivière I, Riddell S. Therapeutic T cell engineering. Nature 2017; 545:423-431. [PMID: 28541315 DOI: 10.1038/nature22395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative responses in patients with cancer. Chimaeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a class of synthetic receptors that reprogram lymphocyte specificity and function. CARs targeting CD19 have demonstrated remarkable potency in B cell malignancies. Engineered T cells are applicable in principle to many cancers, pending further progress to identify suitable target antigens, overcome immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments, reduce toxicities, and prevent antigen escape. Advances in the selection of optimal T cells, genetic engineering, and cell manufacturing are poised to broaden T-cell-based therapies and foster new applications in infectious diseases and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sadelain
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Isabelle Rivière
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Stanley Riddell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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142
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent breakthrough advances in Multiple Myeloma (MM) immunotherapy have been achieved with the approval of the first two monoclonal antibodies, elotuzumab and daratumumab. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) represents yet another, maybe the most powerful modality of immunotherapy, in which allogeneic or autologous effector cells are expanded and activated ex vivo followed by their re-infusion back into patients. Infused effector cells belong to two categories: naturally occurring, non-engineered cells (donor lymphocyte infusion, myeloma infiltrating lymphocytes, deltagamma T cells) or genetically- engineered antigen-specific cells (chimeric antigen receptor T or NK cells, TCR-engineered cells). Areas covered: This review article summarizes our up-to-date knowledge on ACT in MM, its promises, and upcoming strategies to both overcome its toxicity and to integrate it into future treatment paradigms. Expert opinion: Early results of clinical studies using CAR T cells or TCR- engineered T cells in relapsed and refractory MM are particularly exciting, indicating the potential of long-term disease control or even cure. Despite several caveats including toxicity, costs and restricted availability in particular, these forms of immunotherapy are likely to once more revolutionize MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vallet
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital , Krems an der Donau , Austria
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital , Krems an der Donau , Austria
| | - Klaus Podar
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital , Krems an der Donau , Austria
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143
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Schober K, Busch DH. TIL 2.0: More effective and predictive T-cell products by enrichment for defined antigen specificities. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:1335-9. [PMID: 27280482 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of in vitro-expanded T cells derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in melanoma patients started the era of tumor immunotherapy three decades ago. The approach has demonstrated remarkable clinical responses in several studies since. Reinfusion of TIL-derived T cells represents a highly personalized form of immunotherapy, taking into account the enormous interindividual tumor heterogeneity. However, despite its successes, TIL therapy does not lead to objective clinical responses in all cases. It is thus crucial to find out which tumor antigens are particularly valuable targets and to develop strategies to enhance the reactivity of T-cell products toward them. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Kelderman et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46: 1351-1360] present a platform for the generation of antigen-specific TIL therapy. Combining recently developed technologies for clinical identification and enrichment of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, such as MHC Streptamers and UV-mediated peptide exchange, the authors could enrich T-cell populations with defined antigen specificities from melanoma-derived TILs. This T-cell product showed higher reactivity against autologous tumor cell lines than bulk TIL-derived T cells. The novel platform might enable the generation of more effective and predictable TIL-derived T-cell products for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZIF - National Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany.,Focus Group "Clinical Cell Processing and Purification,", Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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144
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Gattinoni L, Speiser DE, Lichterfeld M, Bonini C. T memory stem cells in health and disease. Nat Med 2017; 23:18-27. [PMID: 28060797 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T memory stem (TSCM) cells are a rare subset of memory lymphocytes endowed with the stem cell-like ability to self-renew and the multipotent capacity to reconstitute the entire spectrum of memory and effector T cell subsets. Cumulative evidence in mice, nonhuman primates and humans indicates that TSCM cells are minimally differentiated cells at the apex of the hierarchical system of memory T lymphocytes. Here we describe emerging findings demonstrating that TSCM cells, owing to their extreme longevity and robust potential for immune reconstitution, are central players in many physiological and pathological human processes. We also discuss how TSCM cell stemness could be leveraged therapeutically to enhance the efficacy of vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies for cancer and infectious diseases or, conversely, how it could be disrupted to treat TSCM cell driven and sustained diseases, such as autoimmunity, adult T cell leukemia and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Leukemia Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Hematology Department, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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145
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Francian A, Mann K, Kullberg M. Complement C3-dependent uptake of targeted liposomes into human macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and MDSCs. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5149-5161. [PMID: 28790822 PMCID: PMC5529385 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor immunity in cancer patients is heavily modulated by cells of the innate immune system. Antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, initiate immune recognition of tumor antigen by displaying antigen to effector cells. Countering this immune stimulation are immunosuppressive cells which include M2 macrophages, N2 neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). To create effective cancer immunotherapies, it is critical that we can target these important cell types of the immune system with immunostimulatory compounds. A commonality of these cell types is the complement receptor, which recognizes pathogens that are bound to activated complement C3 in human blood. To target the complement receptor, we have created a liposome that has a small molecule, orthopyridyl disulfide (OPSS), conjugated to its surface. OPSS forms a disulfide bond with activated complement C3, which then targets liposomes for uptake by dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, MDSCs, and neutrophils in human blood. Internalization is efficient and specific to cells that display the complement receptor. Liposomes are a versatile drug delivery device. Possible applications for this system include delivery of toll-receptor agonists or tumor antigen to antigen-presenting cells and delivery of immunostimulatory drugs to M2, N2, and MDSC immunosuppressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine Mann
- WWAMI Medical Education Program.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Neal LR, Bailey SR, Wyatt MM, Bowers JS, Majchrzak K, Nelson MH, Haupt C, Paulos CM, Varela JC. The Basics of Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2017; 2:68-79. [PMID: 28825053 PMCID: PMC5560309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) can mediate objective responses in patients with advanced malignancies. There have been major advances in this field, including the optimization of the ex vivo generation of tumor-reactive lymphocytes to ample numbers for effective ACT therapy via the use of natural and artificial antigen presenting cells (APCs). Herein we review the basic properties of APCs and how they have been manufactured through the years to augment vaccine and T cell-based cancer therapies. We then discuss how these novel APCs impact the function and memory properties of T cells. Finally, we propose new ways to synthesize aAPCs to augment the therapeutic effectiveness of antitumor T cells for ACT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian R. Neal
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Dermatological Surgery and Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425
| | - Stefanie R. Bailey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Dermatological Surgery and Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Megan M. Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Dermatological Surgery and Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Jacob S. Bowers
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Dermatological Surgery and Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Dermatological Surgery and Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Michelle H. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Dermatological Surgery and Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Carl Haupt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Dermatological Surgery and Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Juan C. Varela
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425
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147
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彭 耀, 吴 其, 刘 鸿, 赵 健, 危 华. [Construction of specific artificial antigen-presenting cells for in vitro activation of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:581-587. [PMID: 28539278 PMCID: PMC6780484 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct CD19-specific artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) for in vitro activation and expansion of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CD19-CAR-T) and investigate their cytotoxic effect. METHODS CD19-specific aAPCs (NIH3T3-CD19/86, NIH3T3-CD19/86/137L) expressing costimulatory molecules CD86 and/or CD137L were prepared on the basis of NIH3T3 backbone cells by lentivirus-mediated gene transfer. Irradiated CD19-specific aAPCs were co-cultured with CD19-CAR-T cells to activate and amplify CD19-CAR-T cells. The growth curve of CD19-CAR-T cells was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay, and CD19CAR expression and phenotype on CD19-CAR-T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CD19-CAR-T cells against the target cells was evaluated by bioluminescence-based cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that NIH3T3-CD19/86 and NIH3T3-CD19/86/137L expressed high levels of CD19, CD86 and/or CD137L. Both NIH3T3-CD19/86 and NIH3T3-CD19/86/137L cells could amplify CD19-CAR-T cells efficiently, but NIH3T3-CD19/86/137L cells had better amplification effect. After 14 days of co-culture with NIH3T3-CD19/86/137L cells, the number of CD19-CAR-T cells was significantly greater than that of NIH3T3-CD19/86 cells (P<0.05), and the proportion of CD19-CAR-T cells in the total T cells increased significantly (P<0.05). CD19-CAR-T cells amplified by CD19-specific aAPCs produced target-specific cytotoxicity and were able to specifically kill CD19-positive target cells. About 20% central memory T cells were present in the final products expanded by NIH3T3-CD19/86/137L. CONCLUSION We successfully prepared CD19-specific aAPCs that can specifically amplify functional CD19-CART cells in vitro, which facilitates the acquisition of clinical-scale high-quality CD19-CART cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 耀军 彭
- 解放军总医院肿瘤中心实验室,北京 100853Cancer Center Key Laboratory, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - 其艳 吴
- 解放军总医院肿瘤中心实验室,北京 100853Cancer Center Key Laboratory, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - 鸿宇 刘
- 南开大学医学院,天津 300071College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - 健 赵
- 解放军总医院肿瘤中心实验室,北京 100853Cancer Center Key Laboratory, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- 第二军医大学肿瘤研究所,上海 200433International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - 华锋 危
- 解放军总医院肿瘤中心实验室,北京 100853Cancer Center Key Laboratory, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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148
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Watkins
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John J Miles
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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149
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Chimeric Antigen Receptors: A Cell and Gene Therapy Perspective. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1117-1124. [PMID: 28456379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that reprogram T lymphocytes to target chosen antigens. The targeting of CD19, a cell surface molecule expressed in the vast majority of leukemias and lymphomas, has been successfully translated in the clinic, earning CAR therapy a special distinction in the selection of "cancer immunotherapy" by Science as the breakthrough of the year in 2013. CD19 CAR therapy is predicated on advances in genetic engineering, T cell biology, tumor immunology, synthetic biology, target identification, cell manufacturing sciences, and regulatory compliance-the central tenets of CAR therapy. Here, we review two of these foundations: the genetic engineering approaches and cell types to engineer.
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150
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Karuturi BVK, Tallapaka SB, Yeapuri P, Curran SM, Sanderson SD, Vetro JA. Encapsulation of an EP67-Conjugated CTL Peptide Vaccine in Nanoscale Biodegradable Particles Increases the Efficacy of Respiratory Immunization and Affects the Magnitude and Memory Subsets of Vaccine-Generated Mucosal and Systemic CD8 + T Cells in a Diameter-Dependent Manner. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1469-1481. [PMID: 28319404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The diameter of biodegradable particles used to coencapsulate immunostimulants and subunit vaccines affects the magnitude of memory CD8+ T cells generated by systemic immunization. Possible effects on the magnitude of CD8+ T cells generated by mucosal immunization or memory subsets that potentially correlate more strongly with protection against certain pathogens, however, are unknown. In this study, we conjugated our novel host-derived mucosal immunostimulant, EP67, to the protective MCMV CTL epitope, pp89, through a lysosomal protease-labile double arginine linker (pp89-RR-EP67) and encapsulated in PLGA 50:50 micro- or nanoparticles. We then compared total magnitude, effector/central memory (CD127/KRLG1/CD62L), and IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 secreting subsets of pp89-specific CD8+ T cells as well as protection of naive female BALB/c mice against primary respiratory infection with MCMV 21 days after respiratory immunization. We found that decreasing the diameter of encapsulating particle from ∼5.4 μm to ∼350 nm (i) increased the magnitude of pp89-specific CD8+ T cells in the lungs and spleen; (ii) partially changed CD127/KLRG1 effector memory subsets in the lungs but not the spleen; (iii) changed CD127/KRLG1/CD62L effector/central memory subsets in the spleen; (iv) changed pp89-responsive IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 secreting subsets in the lungs and spleen; (v) did not affect the extent to which encapsulation increased efficacy against primary MCMV respiratory infection over unencapsulated pp89-RR-EP67. Thus, although not observed under our current experimental conditions with MCMV, varying the diameter of nanoscale biodegradable particles may increase the efficacy of mucosal immunization with coencapsulated immunostimulant/subunit vaccines against certain pathogens by selectively increasing memory subset(s) of CD8+ T cells that correlate the strongest with protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala V K Karuturi
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Shailendra B Tallapaka
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Stephen M Curran
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Sam D Sanderson
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Joseph A Vetro
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
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