101
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Zhang G, Liu D, Wang H. Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the anthocyanin biosynthetic mechanism in barley. J Cereal Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2023.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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102
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Liu X, Liu H, Tian B, Shi G, Liu C, Guo J, Cao G, Wei F. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses of anthocyanin biosynthesis reveal key metabolites and candidate genes in purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13921. [PMID: 37357978 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is continuously subjected to genetic improvement to optimize grain quality. Purple wheat has recently gained attention because of its high anthocyanin and nutrient content. In this study, we performed an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the inbred wheat lines ZM152 (white wheat line) and ZM163 (purple wheat line) to elucidate molecular networks and identify potential genes regulating anthocyanin synthesis. A total of 564 metabolites were detected, of which 47 metabolite contents differed significantly between the two lines. Twenty-five flavonoids, including four anthocyanins, were significantly higher in purple wheat. High contents of cyanidin 3-rutinoside and malvidin 3-glucoside might contribute to the purple coloration of the wheat grains. Consistently, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis were mostly enriched, and the expression of anthocyanin structural genes was specifically upregulated in purple wheat lines, while transcription factors (TFs) were mostly downregulated in purple wheat lines. Especially, the correlation analysis showed the anthocyanin synthesis-related genes CHS (TraesCS2B02G048400) and UFGT (TraesCS7A02G155400) were likely regulated negatively by the TFs MYB4 (TraesCS1A02G268800, TraesCS1B02G279400), TT8 (TraesCS1D02G094200, TraesCS1B02G113100, and TraesCS1A02G102400), which thus could be considered important regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of purple wheat lines. In summary, these results offer new insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation of purple wheat, and provide very useful candidate genes for future colored wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifu Liu
- Henan Institute of Modern Agriculture, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Henan Institute of Modern Agriculture, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jialin Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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103
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Liu G, Huang K, Ke J, Chen C, Bao GH, Wan X. Novel Camellia sinensis O-Methyltransferase Regulated by CsMADSL1 Specifically Methylates EGCG in Cultivar "GZMe4". JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6706-6716. [PMID: 37094255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)gallate (EGCG4″Me) in Camellia sinensis possesses numerous beneficial biological activities. However, the germplasm rich in EGCG4″Me and the O-methyltransferase responsible for EGCG4″Me biosynthesis are poorly understood. Herein, the content of EGCG3″Me and EGCG4″Me in the shoots of 13 cultivars was analyzed to demonstrate that EGCG4″Me is characteristically accumulated in the "GZMe4" cultivar but not in the other 12 cultivars. A novel O-methyltransferase (CsOMTL1) was identified from "GZMe4" using RNA-Seq and correlation analysis. Using the recombinant enzyme, EGCG4″Me was synthesized in vitro. Overexpression of CsOMTL1 via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation caused constitutive accumulation of EGCG4″Me in C. sinensis callus. Moreover, the transcription factor CsMADSL1 localized in the nucleus activated the transcription of CsOMTL1 and specifically interacted with its promoter. Hence, our study identified a novel O-methyltransferase that characteristically catalyzes the synthesis of EGCG4″Me and a positive regulator of EGCG4″Me synthesis in "GZMe4", which might provide a strategy for the breeding of a tea cultivar rich in EGCG4″Me.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kelin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaping Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chenhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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104
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Ju Y, Wang W, Yue X, Xue W, Zhang Y, Fang Y. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanism underlying the accumulation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in the flesh and skin of teinturier grapes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107667. [PMID: 37001306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera 'Yan73' is a teinturier grape cultivar with red flesh. To explore the mechanism of berry color development, we performed an integrated flavonoid-targeted analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of the skin and flesh of Yan73 berries collected at three phenological stages (E-L 31, E-L 35, and E-L 38). We identified 234 flavonoid-related metabolites, including 61 flavonols, 22 anthocyanins, and 61 other flavonoids. Most flavonoid metabolites accumulated continuously during berry development and attained the highest contents in the skin at E-L 38. The transcript level of crucial genes (C4H, CHS, and GST) was highest in the skin at E-L 38. Seventeen distinct modules were identified in a weighted gene correlation network analysis. The MEcoral1 module was probably correlated with flavonoid metabolism and comprised 623 unigenes. The findings provide insights into the regulation of flavonoid metabolites during berry development of Yan73 grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlun Ju
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A & F University, Heyang, Shaanxi, 715300, China.
| | - Wanni Wang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wen Xue
- Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A & F University, Heyang, Shaanxi, 715300, China.
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105
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Xu Z, Wang J, Ma Y, Wang F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Hu X. The bZIP transcription factor SlAREB1 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to low temperature in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36999610 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and abscisic acid (ABA) are the two main factors that induce anthocyanin synthesis; however, their potential relationships in governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seedlings remains unclear. Our study revealed the involvement of the transcription factor SlAREB1 in the low-temperature response of tomato seedlings via the ABA-dependent pathway, for a specific temperature range. The overexpression of SlAREB1 enhanced the expression of anthocyanin-related genes and the accumulation of anthocyanins, especially under low-temperature conditions, whereas silencing SlAREB1 dramatically reduced gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation. There is a direct interaction between SlAREB1 and the promoters of SlDFR and SlF3'5'H, which are structural genes that impact anthocyanin biosynthesis. SlAREB1 can regulate anthocyanins through controlling SlDFR and SlF3'5'H expression. Accordingly, SlAREB1 takes charge of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato seedlings via the ABA-dependent pathway at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiachun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongbo Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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106
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Comprehensive genomic identification and expression analysis 4CL gene family in apple. Gene 2023; 858:147197. [PMID: 36642320 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the structural characteristics, phylogeny, biological function and regulation of 4-coumarate-CoAligase (4CL) in anthocyanin synthesis, the 4CL gene family members in apples were identified and bioinformatic analysis was performed. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of this gene family members in different apple varieties, and the role of the 4CL gene in apple anthocyanin synthesis was preliminaries clarified, which provided a certain theoretical basis for the regulatory network of apple anthocyanin synthesis. The results showed that a total of 69 members of the 4CL gene family were identified in the apple (Malus domestica Brokh.), encoding amino acids ranging from 97 to 2310 with theoretical isoelectric points ranging from 5.28 to 9.84. The 69 4CL family members were distributed on 17 chromosomes in the apple, among which chromosome 17 had the largest distribution (9 members), followed by chromosome 9 (7 members), chromosomes 16 and 14 (6 members each), and chromosomes 15 and 13 (5 members each). The subcellular localization prediction showed that apple 4CL gene family members were mainly expressed in cytoplasm, chloroplast, nucleus and cell membrane, with a small amount of expression in mitochondria, vacuoles, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, golgi and cell matrix, but not in endoplasmic reticulum. The secondary structures are mainly α-helices and irregular coils. Microarray expression profile analysis showed that the expression levels of each member in apple were related to fruit variety and tissue structure, and the expression levels were mainly higher in fruit, flower and leaf. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of each member was directly proportional to the degree of fruit coloring and anthocyanin accumulation. The expression levels of Md4CL10 and Md4CL23 in 'Astar' (G4) apple fruit skin with the highest anthocyanin content were 516, 20 and 2 times higher than those in 'Chengji NO.1' (G1), 'Golden Delicious' (G2) and 'Ruixue' (G3), respectively.
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107
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Zhang Y, Duan J, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhi H, Bai Z, Zhang Y, Luo J. The Paeonia qiui R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PqMYBF1 Positively Regulates Flavonol Accumulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1427. [PMID: 37050052 PMCID: PMC10096829 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony is a "spring colored-leaf" plant which has red leaves in early spring, and the red color of the leaves usually fades in late spring. Flavonols are one subgroup of flavonoids, and they affect the plant organs' color as co-pigments of anthocyanins. To investigate the color variation mechanism of leaves in tree peony, PqMYBF1, one flavonol biosynthesis-related MYB gene was isolated from Paeonia qiui and characterized. PqMYBF1 contained the SG7 and SG7-2 motifs which are unique in flavonol-specific MYB regulators. Subcellular localization and transactivation assay showed that PqMYBF1 localized to the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional activator. The ectopic expression of PqMYBF1 in transgenic tobacco caused an observable increase in flavonol level and the anthocyanin accumulation was decreased significantly, resulting in pale pink flowers. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that PqMYBF1 could activate the promoters of PqCHS, PqF3H, and PqFLS. These results suggested that PqMYBF1 could promote flavonol biosynthesis by activating PqCHS, PqF3H, and PqFLS expression, which leads metabolic flux from anthocyanin to flavonol pathway, resulting in more flavonol accumulation. These findings provide a new train of thought for the molecular mechanism of leaf color variation in tree peony in spring, which will be helpful for the molecular breeding of tree peony with colored foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhangzhen Bai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
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108
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Ye LJ, Möller M, Luo YH, Zou JY, Zheng W, Liu J, Li DZ, Gao LM. Variation in gene expression along an elevation gradient of Rhododendron sanguineum var. haemaleum assessed in a comparative transcriptomic analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133065. [PMID: 37025136 PMCID: PMC10070981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Selection along environmental gradients may play a vital role in driving adaptive evolution. Nevertheless, genomic variation and genetic adaptation along environmental clines remains largely unknown in plants in alpine ecosystems. To close this knowledge gap, we assayed transcriptomic profiles of late flower bud and early leaf bud of Rhododendron sanguineum var. haemaleum from four different elevational belts between 3,000 m and 3,800 m in the Gaoligong Mountains. By comparing differences in gene expression of these samples, a gene co-expression network (WGCNA) was constructed to identify candidate genes related to elevation. We found that the overall gene expression patterns are organ-specific for the flower and leaf. Differentially expressed unigenes were identified in these organs. In flowers, these were mainly related to terpenoid metabolism (RsHMGR, RsTPS), while in leaves mainly related to anthocyanin biosynthesis (RsCHS, RsF3'5'H). Terpenoids are the main components of flower scent (fragrance) likely attracting insects for pollination. In response to fewer pollinators at higher elevation zone, it seems relatively less scent is produced in flower organs to reduce energy consumption. Secondary metabolites in leaves such as anthocyanins determine the plants' alternative adaptive strategy to extreme environments, such as selective pressures of insect herbivory from environmental changes and substrate competition in biosynthesis pathways at high elevations. Our findings indicated that the gene expression profiles generated from flower and leaf organs showed parallel expression shifts but with different functionality, suggesting the existence of flexibility in response strategies of plants exposed to heterogeneous environments across elevational gradients. The genes identified here are likely to be involved in the adaptation of the plants to these varying mountainous environments. This study thus contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adaptation in response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jiang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity of Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Michael Möller
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Yun Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, China
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109
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Wu Z, Wang Z, Xie Y, Liu G, Shang X, Zhan N. Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Provide Insights into Flavonoid Synthesis in Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030752. [PMID: 36981022 PMCID: PMC10048380 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthus ilicifolius is an important medicinal plant in mangrove forests, which is rich in secondary metabolites with various biological activities. In this study, we used transcriptomic analysis to obtain differentially expressed genes in the flavonoid metabolic pathway and metabolomic methods to detect changes in the types and content in the flavonoid metabolic synthesis pathway. The results showed that DEGs were identified in the mature roots vs. leaves comparison (9001 up-regulated and 8910 down-regulated), mature roots vs. stems comparison (5861 up-regulated and 7374 down-regulated), and mature stems vs. leaves comparison (10,837 up-regulated and 11,903 down-regulated). Furthermore, two AiCHS genes and four AiCHI genes were up-regulated in the mature roots vs. stems of mature A. ilicifolius, and were down-regulated in mature stems vs. leaves, which were highly expressed in the A. ilicifolius stems. A total of 215 differential metabolites were found in the roots vs. leaves of mature A. ilicifolius, 173 differential metabolites in the roots vs. stems, and 228 differential metabolites in the stems vs. leaves. The metabolomic results showed that some flavonoids in A. ilicifolius stems were higher than in the roots. A total of 18 flavonoid differential metabolites were detected in the roots, stems, and leaves of mature A. ilicifolius. In mature leaves, quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, gossypitrin, isoquercitrin, quercetin 3,7-bis-O-β-D-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-(2″-O-acetyl-β-D-glucuronide) were found in a high content, while in mature roots, di-O-methylquercetin and isorhamnetin were the major compounds. The combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome revealed that DEGs and differential metabolites were related to flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the molecular mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in A. ilicifolius and provides a reference for further research and exploitation of its medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Yaojian Xie
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
| | - Xiuhua Shang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
| | - Ni Zhan
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
- School of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China
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110
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Liao L, Li Y, Lan X, Yang Y, Wei W, Ai J, Feng X, Chen H, Tang Y, Xi L, Wang Z. Integrative Analysis of Fruit Quality and Anthocyanin Accumulation of Plum cv. 'Cuihongli' ( Prunus salicina Lindl.) and Its Bud Mutation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1357. [PMID: 36987044 PMCID: PMC10059968 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fruit color is one of the quality indicators to judge the freshness of a plum. The coloring process of plum skin is valuable for research due to the high nutritional quality of anthocyanins found in plums. 'Cuihongli' (CHL) and its precocious mutant variety 'Cuihongli Red' (CHR) were used to analyze the changes of fruit quality and anthocyanin biosynthesis during plum development. The results showed that, during the development of the two plums, the total soluble solid and soluble sugar contents were highest at the mature stage, as the titratable acid trended gradually downward as the fruits of the two cultivars matured, and the CHR fruit showed higher sugar content and lower acid content. In addition, the skin of CHR turned red in color earlier than CHL. Compared with CHL, the skin of CHR had higher anthocyanin concentrations, higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), and UDPglucose: flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), and higher transcript levels of genes associated with anthocyanin production. In the flesh of the two cultivars, no anthocyanin content was detected. Taken together, these results suggest that the mutation exerted a major effect on anthocyanin accumulation via modification of the level of transcription; thus, CHR advances the ripening period of 'Cuihongli' plum and improves the fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yaman Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xuejiao Lan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yiyue Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Wen Wei
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jinglan Ai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xiangning Feng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuhang Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
| | - Lijuan Xi
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Qingshen County, Meishan 620000, China;
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (J.A.); (X.F.); (H.C.); (Y.T.)
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Wang Y, Xiao Y, Sun Y, Zhang X, Du B, Turupu M, Yao Q, Gai S, Tong S, Huang J, Li T. Two B-box proteins, PavBBX6/9, positively regulate light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in sweet cherry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad137. [PMID: 36930566 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin production in bicolored sweet cherry (Prunus avium cv. Rainier) fruit is induced by light exposure, leading to red coloration. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is essential for this process, but the regulatory relationships that link light and ABA with anthocyanin-associated coloration are currently unclear. In this study, we determined that light treatment of bicolored sweet cherry fruit increased anthocyanin accumulation and induced ABA production and that ABA participates in light-modulated anthocyanin accumulation in bicolored sweet cherry. Two B-box (BBX) genes, PavBBX6/9, were highly induced by light and ABA treatments, as was anthocyanin accumulation. The ectopic expression of PavBBX6 or PavBBX9 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) increased anthocyanin biosynthesis and ABA accumulation. Overexpressing PavBBX6 or PavBBX9 in sweet cherry calli also enhanced light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and ABA accumulation. Additionally, transient overexpression of PavBBX6 or PavBBX9 in sweet cherry peel increased anthocyanin and ABA contents, whereas silencing either gene had the opposite effects. PavBBX6 and PavBBX9 directly bound to the G-box elements in the promoter of UDP glucose-flavonoid-3-O-glycosyltransferase (PavUFGT), a key gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis, and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (PavNCED1), a key gene for ABA biosynthesis, and enhanced their activities. These results suggest that PavBBX6 and PavBBX9 positively regulate light-induced anthocyanin and ABA biosynthesis by promoting PavUFGT and PavNCED1 expression, respectively. Our study provides insights into the relationship between the light-induced ABA biosynthetic pathway and anthocyanin accumulation in bicolored sweet cherry fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqin Xiao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yueting Sun
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bingyang Du
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Maihemuti Turupu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qisheng Yao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shilin Gai
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shi Tong
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Liu Z, Fu X, Xu H, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Zhou G, Bao W. Comprehensive Analysis of bHLH Transcription Factors in Ipomoea aquatica and Its Response to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065652. [PMID: 36982726 PMCID: PMC10057536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins compose one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants, which play a vital role in regulating plant biological processes including growth and development, stress response, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Ipomoea aquatica is one of the most important nutrient-rich vegetables. Compared to the common green-stemmed I. aquatica, purple-stemmed I. aquatica has extremely high contents of anthocyanins. However, the information on bHLH genes in I. aquatica and their role in regulating anthocyanin accumulation is still unclear. In this study, we confirmed a total of 157 bHLH genes in the I. aquatica genome, which were classified into 23 subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationship with the bHLH of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtbHLH). Of these, 129 IabHLH genes were unevenly distributed across 15 chromosomes, while 28 IabHLH genes were spread on the scaffolds. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that most IabHLH proteins were localized in the nucleus, while some were in the chloroplast, extracellular space, and endomembrane system. Sequence analysis revealed conserved motif distribution and similar patterns of gene structure within IabHLH genes of the same subfamily. Analysis of gene duplication events indicated that DSD and WGD played a vital role in the IabHLH gene family expansion. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression levels of 13 IabHLH genes were significantly different between the two varieties. Of these, the IabHLH027 had the highest expression fold change, and its expression level was dramatically higher in purple-stemmed I. aquatica than that in green-stemmed I. aquatica. All upregulated DEGs in purple-stemmed I. aquatica exhibited the same expression trends in both qRT-PCR and RNA-seq. Three downregulated genes including IabHLH142, IabHLH057, and IabHLH043 determined by RNA-seq had opposite expression trends of those detected by qRT-PCR. Analysis of the cis-acting elements in the promoter region of 13 differentially expressed genes indicated that light-responsive elements were the most, followed by phytohormone-responsive elements and stress-responsive elements, while plant growth and development-responsive elements were the least. Taken together, this work provides valuable clues for further exploring IabHLH function and facilitating the breeding of anthocyanin-rich functional varieties of I. aquatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoai Fu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhidi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Guangzhen Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenlong Bao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence:
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113
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Zhu W, Wu H, Yang C, Shi B, Zheng B, Ma X, Zhou K, Qian M. Postharvest light-induced flavonoids accumulation in mango ( Mangifera indica L.) peel is associated with the up-regulation of flavonoids-related and light signal pathway genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136281. [PMID: 36993851 PMCID: PMC10040657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in plants and light is a crucial environmental factor regulating flavonoids biosynthesis. However, effect of light on the different flavonoids compositions accumulation in mango and the relevant molecular mechanism still need to be clarified. METHODS In this study, green-mature fruits of red mango cultivar 'Zill' were subjected to postharvest light treatment, and fruit peel color, total soluble solids content, total organic acid, and firmness of flesh were measured. The flavonoids metabolites profile, and the expression of flavonoids-related genes and light signal pathway genes were also analyzed. RESULTS Results showed that light treatment promoted the red coloration of fruit peel and increased the total soluble solids content and firmness of flesh. The concentration of flavonols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, and expression of key flavonoids biosynthetic genes including MiF3H, MiFLS, MiLAR, MiANS, MiUFGT1, and MiUFGT3 were significantly induced by light. The MYBs regulating flavonols and proanthocyanidins, i.e. MiMYB22 and MiMYB12, as well as the key light signal pathway transcription factors (TFs) MiHY5 and MiHYH, were identified in mango. The transcription of MiMYB1, MiMYB12, MiMYB22, MiHY5 and MiHYH was up-regulated by light. DISCUSSION Our results provide a postharvest technology to improve mango fruit appearance quality, and are helpful to reveal the molecular mechanism of light-induced flavonoids biosynthesis in mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Zhu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kaibing Zhou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Minjie Qian
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Yue M, Jiang L, Zhang N, Zhang L, Liu Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li M, Wang X, Chen Q, Tang H. Regulation of flavonoids in strawberry fruits by FaMYB5/FaMYB10 dominated MYB-bHLH-WD40 ternary complexes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145670. [PMID: 36993840 PMCID: PMC10040760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins endowing strawberry fruit red color are regulated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex. By analyzing the MYBs involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis in strawberry, we found that R2R3-FaMYB5 promoted the content of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins in strawberry fruits. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays confirmed that MBW complexes connected with flavonoid metabolism were FaMYB5/FaMYB10-FaEGL3 (bHLH)-FaLWD1/FaLWD1-like (WD40). Transient overexpression and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that disparate MBW models hold different patterns in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in strawberry fruits. Compared with FaMYB10, FaMYB5 and its dominant complexes showed a more specific regulatory range on strawberry flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, while FaMYB10 was more extensive. In addition, the complexes involved in FaMYB5 facilitated PAs accumulation primarily through the LAR tributary while FaMYB10 mainly by the ANR branch. FaMYB9 and FaMYB11 tremendously elicited the accumulation of proanthocyanidins by up-regulating the expression levels of both LAR and ANR, and also affected anthocyanin metabolism by changing the ratio of Cy3G and Pg3G which were constituted as two major anthocyanin monomers in strawberries. Our study also illustrated that FaMYB5-FaEGL3-FaLWD1-like directly targeted the promoters of F3'H, LAR, and AHA10 thus committing to flavonoid accumulation. These results allow the specific members involved in the MBW complex to be deciphered and provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins regulated by the MBW complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolan Yue
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leiyu Jiang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nating Zhang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxi Zhang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- Country College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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115
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Jiang T, Cui A, Cui Y, Cui R, Han M, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Huang H, Feng X, Lei Y, Liu X, Ni K, Zhang H, Xu N, Wang J, Sun L, Rui C, Wang J, Wang S, Chen X, Lu X, Wang D, Guo L, Zhao L, Hao F, Ye W. Systematic analysis and expression of Gossypium 2ODD superfamily highlight the roles of GhLDOXs responding to alkali and other abiotic stress in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 36869319 PMCID: PMC9985220 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) is the second largest family of oxidases involved in various oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in plants. Many members in the family regulate gene transcription, nucleic acid modification/repair and secondary metabolic synthesis. The 2ODD family genes also function in the formation of abundant flavonoids during anthocyanin synthesis, thereby modulating plant development and response to diverse stresses. RESULTS Totally, 379, 336, 205, and 204 2ODD genes were identified in G. barbadense (Gb), G. hirsutum (Gh), G. arboreum (Ga), and G. raimondii (Gb), respectively. The 336 2ODDs in G. hirsutum were divided into 15 subfamilies according to their putative functions. The structural features and functions of the 2ODD members in the same subfamily were similar and evolutionarily conserved. Tandem duplications and segmental duplications served essential roles in the large-scale expansion of the cotton 2ODD family. Ka/Ks values for most of the gene pairs were less than 1, indicating that 2ODD genes undergo strong purifying selection during evolution. Gh2ODDs might act in cotton responses to different abiotic stresses. GhLDOX3 and GhLDOX7, two members of the GhLDOX subfamily from Gh2ODDs, were significantly down-regulated in transcription under alkaline stress. Moreover, the expression of GhLDOX3 in leaves was significantly higher than that in other tissues. These results will provide valuable information for further understanding the evolution mechanisms and functions of the cotton 2ODD genes in the future. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide identification, structure, and evolution and expression analysis of 2ODD genes in Gossypium were carried out. The 2ODDs were highly conserved during evolutionary. Most Gh2ODDs were involved in the regulation of cotton responses to multiple abiotic stresses including salt, drought, hot, cold and alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Aihua Cui
- Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, 332105, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruifeng Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Mingge Han
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xixian Feng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuqian Lei
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kesong Ni
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Fushun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Fan R, Zhu C, Qiu D, Mao G, Mueller-Roeber B, Zeng J. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal key genes controlling flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:210-221. [PMID: 36724705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a well-recognized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), immature fruits of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' (CGT) serve to cure chronic cough in humans. Specialized metabolites including flavonoids may have contribute to this curing effect. Knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in 'Tomentosa' fruits will, therefore, support the breeding of varieties with improved medicinal properties. Hence, we profiled the transcriptomes and metabolites of the fruits of two contrasting C. grandis varieties, namely 'Zheng-Mao' ('ZM') used in TCM production, and a locally cultivated pomelo, namely 'Guang-Qing' ('GQ'), at four developmental stages. A total of 39 flavonoids, including 14 flavanone/flavone, 5 isoflavonoids, 12 flavonols, and 6 anthocyanins, were identified, and 16 of which were quantitatively determined in the fruits of the two varieties. We found that 'ZM' fruits contain more flavonoids than 'GQ'. Specifically, rhoifolin levels were significantly higher in 'ZM' than in 'GQ'. We annotated 31,510 genes, including 1,387 previously unknown ones, via transcriptome sequencing of 'ZM' and 'GQ.' A total of 646 genes were found to be differentially expressed between 'ZM' and 'GQ' throughout at all four fruit developmental stages, indicating that they are robust expression markers for future breeding programs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 18 modules. Combined transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed 25 genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis and 16 transcriptional regulators (MYBs, bHLHs, WD40) that may be involved in the flavonoids biosynthesis in C. grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Fan
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Congyi Zhu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Diyang Qiu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Genlin Mao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Chen J, Chen H, Wang H, Zhan J, Yuan X, Cui J, Su N. Selenium treatment promotes anthocyanin accumulation in radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.) by its regulation of photosynthesis and sucrose transport. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112551. [PMID: 36869458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Red radish sprout become a popular dietary vegetable because of its unique flavor, abundant nutrients and short production cycle. As a cruciferous plant, it has strong ability to absorb and assimilate Se which can promote the content of anthocyanin in plants. However, the mechanisms of Se on anthocyanin accumulation are still unclear. In this study, we explored that appropriate Se promoted growth, antioxidant system and nutrients in radish sprouts. The enhancement of photosynthesis by Se treatment resulted in more sucrose synthesis in radish sprouts. And the transport of sucrose from cotyledon to hypocotyl promoted by Se through up-regulating the gene expression of sucrose transporters, and more sucrose increased the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to promote anthocyanin accumulation in hypocotyl. These results reveal the beneficial effect of Se on radish sprouts quality, and provide a new insight into the function of Se on sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in radish sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Chen J, Zhan J, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Chen X, Su N, Cui J. VrMYB90 Functions Synergistically with VrbHLHA and VrMYB3 to Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Mung Bean. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:221-233. [PMID: 36401878 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean is an important grain-legume crop and its sprout is an economical and nutrient vegetable for the public, but the genetic regulation of anthocyanin production, which is an antioxidant in mung bean, remains elusive. In our study, we characterized a subgroup (SG) 6 R2R3-MYB anthocyanin activator VrMYB90 and a SG 4 R2R3-MYB anthocyanin repressor VrMYB3, which synergistically function in regulating anthocyanin synthesis with VrbHLHA transcription factor. The overexpressed VrMYB90 protein activates the expression of VrMYB3 and VrbHLHA in mung bean hair roots, and also promotes VrDFR and VrANS transcript levels by directly binding to the corresponding promoters at specific motifs (CAACTG and CCGTTG). VrMYB90 interacts with VrbHLHA to enhance its regulatory activities on VrDFR and VrANS. Furthermore, the interaction between VrMYB3 with VrMYB90 and VrbHLHA could result in the restriction of anthocyanin synthesis to prevent excessive anthocyanin accumulation. Our results demonstrate that the VrMYB90 protein, in conjunction with VrMYB3 and VrbHLHA, forms a key regulatory module to fine-tune anthocyanin synthesis in mung bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Yingdi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Derui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
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Wang X, Tang Q, Chi F, Liu H, Zhang H, Song Y. Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase VcSnRK2.3 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in association with VcMYB1 in blueberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1018874. [PMID: 36909449 PMCID: PMC9998538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1018874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase-2 (SnRK2) is a plant-specific protein kinase family and an important component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. However, there is a lack of relevant studies in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). In this study, we identified six SnRK2 family members (from VcSnRK2.1 to VcSnRK2.6) in blueberries for the first time. In addition, we found that VcSnRK2.3 expression was not only positively correlated with fruit ripening but was also induced by ABA signaling. Transient expression in blueberry fruits also proved that VcSnRK2.3 promoted anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes such as VcF3H, VcDFR, VcANS, and VcUFGT. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and seedlings overexpressing VcSnRK2.3 showed anthocyanin pigmentation. Yeast two-hybrid assays (Y2H) and Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays (BiFC) demonstrated that VcSnRK2.3 could interact with the anthocyanin positive regulator VcMYB1. Finally, VcSnRK2.3 was able to enhance the binding of VcMYB1 to the VcDFR promoter. Via regulation transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, VcSnRK2.3 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in blueberry. The above results suggest that VcSnRK2.3 plays an important role in blueberry anthocyanin synthesis, is induced by ABA, and can interact with VcMYB1 to promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry.
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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Contributes to Leaf Color Change by Regulating Two bHLH Transcription Factors in Phoebe bournei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043829. [PMID: 36835240 PMCID: PMC9960835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins produce different-colored pigments in plant organs, which provide ornamental value. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in ornamental plants. Phoebe bournei, a Chinese specialty tree, has high ornamental and economic value due to its rich leaf color and diverse metabolic products. Here, the metabolic data and gene expression of red P. bournei leaves at the three developmental stages were evaluated to elucidate the color-production mechanism in the red-leaved P. bournei species. First, metabolomic analysis identified 34 anthocyanin metabolites showing high levels of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (cya-3-O-glu) in the S1 stage, which may suggest that it is a characteristic metabolite associated with the red coloration of the leaves. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that 94 structural genes were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, especially flavanone 3'-hydroxy-lase (PbF3'H), and were significantly correlated with the cya-3-O-glu level. Third, K-means clustering analysis and phylogenetic analyses identified PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2, which shared the same expression pattern as most structural genes, indicating that these two PbbHLH genes may be regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. bournei. Finally, overexpression of PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2 in Nicotiana tabacum leaves triggered anthocyanin accumulation. These findings provide a basis for cultivating P. bournei varieties that have high ornamental value.
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Tan Y, Wen B, Xu L, Zong X, Sun Y, Wei G, Wei H. High temperature inhibited the accumulation of anthocyanin by promoting ABA catabolism in sweet cherry fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1079292. [PMID: 36860903 PMCID: PMC9968857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Color is an essential appearance characteristic of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits and mainly determined by anthocyanin. Temperature plays an important role in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. In this research, anthocyanin, sugar, plant hormone and related gene expression were analyzed using physiological and transcriptomic methods in order to reveal the effects of high temperature on fruit coloring and the related mechanism. The results showed that high temperature severely inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in fruit peel and slowed the coloring process. The total anthocyanin content in fruit peel increased by 455% and 84% after 4 days of normal temperature treatment (NT, 24°C day/14°C night) and high temperature treatment (HT, 34°C day/24°C night), respectively. Similarly, the contents of 8 anthocyanin monomers were significantly higher in NT than in HT. HT also affected the levels of sugars and plant hormones. The total soluble sugar content increased by 29.49% and 16.81% in NT and HT, respectively, after 4 days of treatment. The levels of ABA, IAA and GA20 also increased in both the two treatments but more slowly in HT. Conversely, the contents of cZ, cZR and JA decreased more rapidly in HT than in NT. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the ABA and GA20 contents were significantly correlated with the total anthocyanin contents. Further transcriptome analysis showed that HT inhibited the activation of structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as the repression of CYP707A and AOG, which dominated the catabolism and inactivation of ABA. These results indicate that ABA may be a key regulator in the high-temperature-inhibited fruit coloring of sweet cherry. High temperature induces higher ABA catabolism and inactivation, leading to lower ABA levels and finally resulting in slow coloring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tan
- Innovation Team of Stone Fruit Breeding and Cultivation, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Li Xu
- Innovation Team of Stone Fruit Breeding and Cultivation, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zong
- Innovation Team of Stone Fruit Breeding and Cultivation, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yugang Sun
- Innovation Team of Stone Fruit Breeding and Cultivation, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqin Wei
- Innovation Team of Stone Fruit Breeding and Cultivation, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- Innovation Team of Stone Fruit Breeding and Cultivation, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang H, Tu H, Zhou J, Luo X, Chen Q, He W, Yang S, Li M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Tang H, Wang X. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Coloring Mechanism of Dark-red and Yellow Fruits in Chinese Cherry [ Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G. Don]. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043471. [PMID: 36834881 PMCID: PMC9965709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G. Don] is an important fruit tree from China that has excellent ornamental, economic, and nutritional values with various colors. The dark-red or red coloration of fruit, an attractive trait for consumers, is determined by anthocyanin pigmentation. In this study, the coloring patterns during fruit development in dark-red and yellow Chinese cherry fruits were firstly illustrated by integrated transcriptome and widely-targeted metabolome analyses. Anthocyanin accumulation in dark-red fruits was significantly higher compared with yellow fruits from the color conversion period, being positively correlated to the color ratio. Based on transcriptome analysis, eight structural genes (CpCHS, CpCHI, CpF3H, CpF3'H, CpDFR, CpANS, CpUFGT, and CpGST) were significantly upregulated in dark-red fruits from the color conversion period, especially CpANS, CpUFGT, and CpGST. On contrary, the expression level of CpLAR were considerably higher in yellow fruits than in dark-red fruits, especially at the early stage. Eight regulatory genes (CpMYB4, CpMYB10, CpMYB20, CpMYB306, bHLH1, CpNAC10, CpERF106, and CpbZIP4) were also identified as determinants of fruit color in Chinese cherry. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified 33 and 3 differential expressed metabolites related to anthocyanins and procyanidins between mature dark-red and yellow fruits. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside was the predominant anthocyanin compound in both fruits, while it was 6.23-fold higher in dark-red than in yellow fruits. More accumulated flavanol and procyanidin contents resulted in less anthocyanin content in flavonoid pathway in yellow fruits due to the higher expression level of CpLAR. These findings can help understand the coloring mechanism of dark-red and yellow fruits in Chinese cherry, and provide genetic basis for breeding new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongxia Tu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xirui Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaofeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Tobacco rattle virus-induced VcANS gene silencing in blueberry fruit. Gene 2023; 852:147054. [PMID: 36395971 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), a woody perennial bush in the genus Vaccinium, is an economically important and popular fruit crop worldwide. Development the superior cultivars, which including excellent fruit traits, not only means higher yielding and economic efficiency, but also produce fruit that to meet the preferences of different consumers. Excavating fruit quality-related genes, studying their functions, and using transgenic or molecular-assisted breeding are beneficial to the development of excellent blueberry varieties. Genetic transformation is an excellent way to study the function of genes in plants, however, it is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process to genetically transform many woody plants, including blueberry. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) provides an efficient approach to knock-down the expression of target genes for functional analysis. In this study, tobacco rattle virus induced genes silencing (TRV-VIGS) was established in blueberry fruits using the VcANS gene as a reporter. The silenced sector of the skin of blueberry fruits injected with pTRV2 (plasmid Tobacco Rattle Virus, TRV-RNA2)::VcANS remained green or white at 25 days after agroinfiltration. In agroinfiltrated materials, the VcANS transcript levels were much lower in fruits with phenotypic changes (delayed color change) than in those infiltrated with the pTRV2 empty vector. Silencing of VcANS also affected the expression of other genes involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. The experimental results support that VcANS can be used as an effective marker gene for VIGS system. In addition, the TRV-VIGS system has been successfully established in blueberry fruits, which provided an effective verification method for functional identification of unknown genes in blueberry fruits.
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Liu Y, Lv G, Yang Y, Ma K, Ren X, Li M, Liu Z. Interaction of AcMADS68 with transcription factors regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-fleshed kiwifruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac252. [PMID: 36751270 PMCID: PMC9896601 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In red-fleshed kiwifruit, anthocyanin pigmentation is a crucial commercial trait. The MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex and other transcription factors regulate its accumulation. Herein, a new SEP gene, AcMADS68, was identified as a regulatory candidate for anthocyanin biosynthesis in the kiwifruit by transcriptome data and bioinformatic analyses. AcMADS68 alone could not induce the accumulation of anthocyanin both in Actinidia arguta fruit and tobacco leaves. However, in combination with AcMYBF110, AcMYB123, and AcbHLH1, AcMADS68 co-overexpression increased anthocyanin biosynthesis, whereas its silencing reduced anthocyanin accumulation. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter, firefly luciferase complementation, yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that AcMADS68 could interact with both AcMYBF110 and AcMYB123 but not with AcbHLH1, thereby co-regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by promoting the activation of the target genes, including AcANS, AcF3GT1, and AcGST1. Moreover, AcMADS68 also could activate the promoter of AcbHLH1 surported by dual-luciferase reporter and yeast one-hybrid assays, thereby further amplifying the regulation signals from the MBW complex, thus resulting in enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in the kiwifruit. These findings may facilitate better elucidation of various regulatory mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation and contribute to the quality enhancement of red-fleshed kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaqi Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shannxi, China
| | - Kangxun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shannxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shannxi, China
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Wu X, Chen B, Xiao J, Guo H. Different doses of UV-B radiation affect pigmented potatoes' growth and quality during the whole growth period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101172. [PMID: 36818873 PMCID: PMC9929570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION UltraViolet- Biological (UV-B) plays an important role in plant growth and the formation of nutrients, especially secondary metabolites. METHODS To investigate the phenotypic changes, physiological responses, and internal genes expression of potatoes under enhanced UV-B radiation, two Yunnan native pigmented potatoes varieties named "Huaxinyangyu" and "Jianchuanhong" were exposed to different UV-B doses during whole growth duration. RESULTS Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the agronomic characters (i.e. plant height, pitch, stem diameter, and root shoot ratio) of plants treated with low dose ultraviolet (T1) did not change significantly compared with the absence of ultraviolet radiation (CK), even unit yield increased slightly; Similarly, under low UV-B radiation, photosynthetic and physiological parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, respiration rate, and transpiration rate) of leaves were significantly increased. In addition, low-dose UV-B treatment promoted the synthesis of tuber nutrients (e.g. phenols, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, vitamin C, anthocyanins) and increased the expression of structural genes for anthocyanin synthesis. The number of nutrients and gene expression in tubers raised by the "Huaxinyangyu" was the highest at 84 days, and "Jianchuanhong" was the highest at 72 days. However, the higher dose of UV-B radiation (T2) will cause greater damage to the pigmented potatoes plants, making the plants reduce the yield, and significantly reduce the tuber nutrients. DISCUSSION This study showed that proper ultraviolet radiation will not harm pigmented potatoes, but also improve their oxidative stress tolerance, increase the structure genes expression of anthocyanins and continuously synthesize beneficial substances to improve the yield and quality of potato tubers.
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Zhang H, Hu A, Wu H, Zhu J, Zhang J, Cheng T, Shabala S, Zhang H, Yang X. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis unveils novel pathway involved in the fruit coloration of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:65. [PMID: 36721098 PMCID: PMC9890838 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desert shrub Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. is important for its resistance to salt and alkali in Northwest China. It is an ecologically important species in this region and provides edible and medicinal berries. This study showed a mutant of N. tangutorum (named Jincan, JC) that has a strong yellow pericarp vs red in a wild type (represented by NT). RESULTS In this study, the secondary metabolic and molecular mechanisms responsible for Nitraria fruit coloration were investigated using LC-MS-based widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics data. As a result of our study, 122 and 104 flavonoid metabolites were differentially expressed throughout the mature and transition stages between JC and NT, respectively. Furthermore, two cyanidin derivatives (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-(2''-O-glucosyl) glucoside) and one pelargonidin derivative (pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside) were identified only in the NT phenotype. The functional genes F3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase), F3'H (flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase) and UFGT (flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) and the transcription factors MYB, bHLH, NAC and bZIP were significantly downregulated in JC. Meanwhile, the activity of UFGT was extremely low in both periods of JC, with a five-fold higher enzymatic activity of UFGT in RT than in YT. In summary, due to the lack of catalysis of UGFT, yellow fruit of JC could not accumulate sufficient cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives during fruit ripening. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data provide insights into the mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and N. tangutorum fruit coloration and provide a theoretical basis to develop new strategies for developing bioactive compounds from N. tangutorum fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Zhang
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091, China
- The Comprehensive Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry in Yellow River Delta, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Aishuang Hu
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091, China
- The Comprehensive Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry in Yellow River Delta, Dongying, 257000, China
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, 063299, China
| | - Haiwen Wu
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091, China
- The Comprehensive Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry in Yellow River Delta, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091, China
- The Comprehensive Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry in Yellow River Delta, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, 015200, China
| | - Tielong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Huaxin Zhang
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091, China
- The Comprehensive Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry in Yellow River Delta, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091, China.
- The Comprehensive Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry in Yellow River Delta, Dongying, 257000, China.
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Liu X, Du F, Sun L, Li J, Chen S, Li N, Chang Y, Cui J, Chen W, Yao D. Anthocyanin metabolism in Nelumbo: translational and post-translational regulation control transcription. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:61. [PMID: 36710356 PMCID: PMC9885672 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotus (Nelumbo Adans.) is used as an herbal medicine and the flowers are a source of natural flavonoids. 'Da Sajin', which was firstly found in the plateau area, is a natural mutant in flower color with red streamers dyeing around white petals. RESULTS The LC-MS-MS results showed that eight anthocyanin compounds, including cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, malvidin 3-O-galactoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside, were differentially enriched in red-pigmented tissues of the petals, whereas most of these metabolites were undetected in white tissues of the petals. Transcriptome profiling indicated that the relative high expression levels of structural genes, such as NnPAL, NnF3H, and NnANS, was inconsistent with the low anthocyanin concentration in white tissues. Members of the NnMYB and NnbHLH transcription factor families were presumed to play a role in the metabolic flux in the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthetic pathway. The expression model of translational initiation factor, ribosomal proteins and SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein complex related genes suggested an important role for translational and post-translational network in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, pathway analysis indicated that light reaction or photo destruction might be an important external cause for floral color determination in lotus. CONCLUSIONS In this study, it is supposed that the natural lotus mutant 'Da Sajin' may have originated from a red-flowered ancestor. Partial loss of anthocyanin pigments in petals may result from metabolic disorder caused by light destruction. This disorder is mainly regulated at post translation and translation level, resulting in a non-inherited phenotype. These results contribute to an improved understanding of anthocyanin metabolism in lotus, and indicate that the translational and post-translational regulatory network determines the metabolic flux of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins under specific environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fengfeng Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Linhe Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Shaozhou Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Naiwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Ji N, Wang Q, Li S, Wen J, Wang L, Ding X, Zhao S, Feng H. Metabolic profile and transcriptome reveal the mystery of petal blotch formation in rose. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36670355 PMCID: PMC9854060 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Petal blotch is a unique ornamental trait in angiosperm families, and blotch in rose petal is rare and has great esthetic value. However, the cause of the formation of petal blotch in rose is still unclear. The influence of key enzyme genes and regulatory genes in the pigment synthesis pathways needs to be explored and clarified. RESULTS In this study, the rose cultivar 'Sunset Babylon Eyes' with rose-red to dark red blotch at the base of petal was selected as the experimental material. The HPLC-DAD and UPLC-TQ-MS analyses indicated that only cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (Cy3G5G) contributed to the blotch pigmentation of 'Sunset Babylon Eyes', and the amounts of Cy3G5G varied at different developmental stages. Only flavonols but no flavone were found in blotch and non-blotch parts. As a consequence, kaempferol and its derivatives as well as quercetin and its derivatives may act as background colors during flower developmental stages. Despite of the differences in composition, the total content of carotenoids in blotch and non-blotch parts were similar, and carotenoids may just make the petals show a brighter color. Transcriptomic data, quantitative real-time PCR and promoter sequence analyses indicated that RC7G0058400 (F3'H), RC6G0470600 (DFR) and RC7G0212200 (ANS) may be the key enzyme genes for the early formation and color deepening of blotch at later stages. As for two transcription factor, RC7G0019000 (MYB) and RC1G0363600 (WRKY) may bind to the promoters of critical enzyme genes, or RC1G0363600 (WRKY) may bind to the promoter of RC7G0019000 (MYB) to activate the anthocyanin accumulation in blotch parts of 'Sunset Babylon Eyes'. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the understanding of the chemical and molecular mechanism for the formation of petal blotch in rose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naizhe Ji
- Beijing Key Lab of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohao Ding
- College of Food Science, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Shiwei Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Feng
- Beijing Key Lab of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China.
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129
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Ahmad N, Zhang K, Ma J, Yuan M, Zhao S, Wang M, Deng L, Ren L, Gangurde SS, Pan J, Ma C, Li C, Guo B, Wang X, Li A, Zhao C. Transcriptional networks orchestrating red and pink testa color in peanut. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:44. [PMID: 36658483 PMCID: PMC9850581 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testa color is an important trait of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) which is closely related with the nutritional and commercial value. Pink and red are main color of peanut testa. However, the genetic mechanism of testa color regulation in peanut is not fully understood. To elucidate a clear picture of peanut testa regulatory model, samples of pink cultivar (Y9102), red cultivar (ZH12), and two RNA pools (bulk red and bulk pink) constructed from F4 lines of Y9102 x ZH12 were compared through a bulk RNA-seq approach. RESULTS A total of 2992 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among which 317 and 1334 were up-regulated and 225 and 1116 were down-regulated in the bulk red-vs-bulk pink RNA pools and Y9102-vs-ZH12, respectively. KEGG analysis indicates that these genes were divided into significantly enriched metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid, flavonoid/anthocyanin, isoflavonoid and lignin biosynthetic pathways. Notably, the expression of the anthocyanin upstream regulatory genes PAL, CHS, and CHI was upregulated in pink and red testa peanuts, indicating that their regulation may occur before to the advent of testa pigmentation. However, the differential expression of down-stream regulatory genes including F3H, DFR, and ANS revealed that deepening of testa color not only depends on their gene expression bias, but also linked with FLS inhibition. In addition, the down-regulation of HCT, IFS, HID, 7-IOMT, and I2'H genes provided an alternative mechanism for promoting anthocyanin accumulation via perturbation of lignin and isoflavone pathways. Furthermore, the co-expression module of MYB, bHLH, and WRKY transcription factors also suggested a fascinating transcriptional activation complex, where MYB-bHLH could utilize WRKY as a co-option during the testa color regulation by augmenting anthocyanin biosynthesis in peanut. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal candidate functional genes and potential strategies for the manipulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis to improve peanut varieties with desirable testa color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266199, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266199, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng, 475008, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng, 475008, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunil S Gangurde
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of crop germplasm resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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Molecular and Metabolic Insights into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Spot Formation on Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii Flower Petals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031844. [PMID: 36768164 PMCID: PMC9915866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants exhibit remarkable diversity in their petal colors through biosynthesis and the accumulation of various pigments. Lilium, an important cut and potted flower, has many coloring pattern variations, including bicolors and spots. To elucidate the mechanisms regulating spot formation in Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii petals, we used multiple approaches to investigate the changes in petal carotenoids, spot anthocyanins, and gene expression dynamics. This included green petals without spots (D1-Pe and D1-Sp), yellow-green petals with purple spots (D2-Pe and D2-Sp), light-orange petals with dark-purple spots (D3-Pe and D3-Sp), and orange petals with dark-purple spots (D4-Pe and D4-Sp). D3-Pe and D4-Pe contained large amounts of capsanthin and capsorubin and small amounts of zeaxanthin and violaxanthin, which contributed to the orange color. In addition to cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and peonidin-3-O-rutinoside may also contribute to L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii's petal spot colors. KEGs involved in flavonoid biosyntheses, such as CHS, DFR, and MYB12, were significantly upregulated in D2-Sp and D3-Sp, compared with D1-Sp, as well as in spots, compared with petals. Upregulated anthocyanin concentrations and biosynthesis-related genes promoted spot formation and color transition. Our results provide global insight into pigment accumulation and the regulatory mechanisms underlying spot formation during flower development in L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii.
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131
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Zuo ZF, Lee HY, Kang HG. Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors: Regulators for Plant Growth Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021419. [PMID: 36674933 PMCID: PMC9867082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in many physiological processes, and they play important roles in the abiotic stress responses. The literature related to genome sequences has increased, with genome-wide studies on the bHLH transcription factors in plants. Researchers have detailed the functionally characterized bHLH transcription factors from different aspects in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, such as iron homeostasis and abiotic stresses; however, other important economic crops, such as rice, have not been summarized and highlighted. The bHLH members in the same subfamily have similar functions; therefore, unraveling their regulatory mechanisms will help us to identify and understand the roles of some of the unknown bHLH transcription factors in the same subfamily. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge on functionally characterized bHLH transcription factors according to four categories: plant growth and development; metabolism synthesis; plant signaling, and abiotic stress responses. We also highlight the roles of the bHLH transcription factors in some economic crops, especially in rice, and discuss future research directions for possible genetic applications in crop breeding.
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132
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Yao L, Liang D, Xia H, Pang Y, Xiao Q, Huang Y, Zhang W, Pu C, Wang J, Lv X. Biostimulants promote the accumulation of carbohydrates and biosynthesis of anthocyanins in 'Yinhongli' plum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1074965. [PMID: 36684717 PMCID: PMC9854126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants play an important role in promoting crop growth and development and improving fruit yield, but their influence on fruit quality in horticulture plants is still unclear. In this study, four types of biostimulants, Ainuo (AN), Aigefu (AG), Weiguo (WG), and Guanwu Shuang (GS) were applied to the fruit surface of 'Yinhongli' plum at 60 and 75 days after anthesis to investigate their effect on carbohydrates and biosynthesis of anthocyanins, and also analyze the relationship between sugar and anthocyanin accumulation during fruit color change to ripening. Results showed that all biostimulant treatments significantly improved fruit appearance quality, and increased single fruit weight and TSS/TA. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, are the most important anthocyanins in the red skin of the 'Yinhongli' plum, and no anthocyanin was detected in the green skin. In addition, WG and GS treatments significantly increased the expression of structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis compared with the control, especially chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) at 95-105 d after anthesis, leading to anthocyanin accumulation 10 days earlier than the control. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between total sugar and anthocyanin content during fruit coloring and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Wang
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Xiulan Lv,
| | - Xiulan Lv
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Xiulan Lv,
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133
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Ghissing U, Kutty NN, Bimolata W, Samanta T, Mitra A. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an insight into the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and scent volatiles biosynthesis in colour changing flowers of Combretum indicum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:85-95. [PMID: 36271596 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combretum indicum is a widely cultivated ornamental species displaying the distinct phenomenon of floral colour change. Flowers display a gradual colour change from white to red, attributed to increased cyanidin 3-O glucoside in petal tissues. The differently coloured flowers also emanate a complex blend of VOCs with trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) as the major compound in the emission profile. To understand molecular mechanisms regulating floral colour shifts and scent biosynthesis, we performed Illumina transcriptome sequencing, including de novo assembly and functional annotation, for the two stages of floral maturation (white and red). Homology analysis with functional classification identified 84 and 42 candidate genes associated with pigment and scent biosynthesis, respectively. Genes encoding transcription factors, such as MYB, ERF, WD40, WRKY, NAC, bHLH and bZIP, that play critical roles in regulating specialized metabolism were also identified in the transcriptome data. Differences in expression of genes were consistent with accumulation patterns of anthocyanins in the two different flower colours. A clear upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in red flower tissue is associated with increased pigment content. RT-qPCR-based expression analyses gave results consistent with the RNA-Seq data, suggesting the sequencing data are consistent and reliable. This study presents the first report of genetic information for C. indicum. Gene sequences generated from RNA-Seq, along with candidate genes identified by pathway mapping and their expression profiles, provide a valuable resource for subsequent studies towards molecular understanding of specialized metabolism in C. indicum flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ghissing
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - N N Kutty
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- School of Biology, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - W Bimolata
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - T Samanta
- BioX Center, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - A Mitra
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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134
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Zhang S, Ren Y, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Zhuo Y, Li H. Drought-induced CsMYB6 interacts with CsbHLH111 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13859. [PMID: 36688571 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chaenomeles speciosa is a plant with high ornamental value, and the color of its petals deepens obviously under drought stress. To understand the mechanism of drought-induced reddening of C. speciosa petal color, the metabolites and transcriptomics of petals from 4% PEG-8000-treated and control cuttings were analyzed. In this study, the analysis of metabolites revealed the accumulation of anthocyanins in petals of PEG-treated cuttings, indicating anthocyanins might be the reason for the deepening of petal color. By using transcriptomics, we identified CsMYB6 as an overexpressed transcription factor in PEG-treated samples. Transient overexpression and suppression of CsMYB6 revealed that it is a key transcription factor for anthocyanin synthesis. We identified genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and constructed a network of drought- and anthocyanin-related genes (such as CsMYB6, CsbHLH111, CsANS, CsDFR, and CsUFGT). Further experiments indicated that CsMYB6 directly interacted with CsbHLH111, and this interaction increased the binding ability of CsMYB6 to the promoter regions of three structural genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis: CsANS, CsDFR, and CsUFGT. Our findings provide a molecular basis and new insight into drought-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. speciosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Zhang
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanshen Ren
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Houhua Li
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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135
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Ali S, Passarella D, Intrieri M, Scapagnini G. Dietary Flavonoids and Adult Neurogenesis: Potential Implications for Brain Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:651-668. [PMID: 36321225 PMCID: PMC10207917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221031103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis deficiency has been proposed to be a common hallmark in different age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The administration of flavonoids is currently reported as a potentially beneficial strategy for preventing brain aging alterations, including adult neurogenesis decline. Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have drawn attention for their neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects. Although they undergo extensive metabolism and localize in the brain at low concentrations, flavonoids are now believed to improve cerebral vasculature and interact with signal transduction cascades involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, many dietary flavonoids have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, improving the neuronal microenvironment where adult neurogenesis occurs. The overall goal of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the role of flavonoids in modulating adult neurogenesis as well as to highlight how these dietary agents may be promising candidates in restoring healthy brain function during physiological and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
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136
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Zhang X, Wang J, Li P, Sun C, Dong W. Integrative metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveals the black fruit coloring mechanism of Crataegus maximowiczii C. K. Schneid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:111-121. [PMID: 36399912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Crataegus is an economically important plant due to its medicinal and health-promoting properties. Flavonoids are the main functional components of Crataegus fruit. Fruits of naturally pollinated Crataegus maximowiczii possess an extraordinary black skin and are rich in anthocyanins and other flavonoids. However, the composition of anthocyanins and the overall molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. maximowiczii fruits have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the metabolome and transcriptome of C. maximowiczii fruits with black and red skin were analyzed. The results revealed that the differential metabolites and genes were enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways in C. maximowiczii fruits. In total, 52 differentially accumulated flavonoid metabolites, 12 differentially accumulated anthocyanins and 22 differentially expressed genes were identified. After weighted gene coexpression network analysis, two modules were found to be highly interrelated with the accumulation of anthocyanin components. The coexpression networks of these two modules were used to identify key candidate transcription factors associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as MYB5, MYB113, bHLH60, ERF105, bZIP44, NAC082, and WRKY11. The results revealed that cyanidin-based anthocyanins were the main pigments responsible for the black coloration of C. maximowiczii fruits. Based on these differentially accumulated anthocyanins and key genes, genetic and metabolic regulatory networks of anthocyanin biosynthesis were also proposed. Overall, this study elucidates the molecular basis of the formation of black color in C. maximowiczii fruits, and provides an intensive study on anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. maximowiczii for comprehensive utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Peihao Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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137
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Fang X, Zhang L, Shangguan L, Wang L. MdMYB110a, directly and indirectly, activates the structural genes for the ALA-induced accumulation of anthocyanin in apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111511. [PMID: 36377142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an essential biosynthetic precursor of tetrapyrrole compounds, promotes the anthocyanin accumulation in many plant species. However, the underlying mechanism of ALA-induced accumulation is not yet fully understood. In this study, we identified an important regulator of the anthocyanin accumulation, MdMYB110a, which plays an important role in the ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. MdMYB110a activated the expression of MdGSTF12 by binding to its promoter. Additionally, two interacting MdMYB110a proteins, MdWD40-280 and MdHsfB3a, were isolated and confirmed as positive regulators of the ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Both MdWD40-280 and MdHsfB3a enhanced the ability of MdMYB110a to transcribe MdGSTF12. A yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that MdWD40-280 did not bind to most structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic and transport pathways, thus promoting anthocyanin accumulation by MdWD40-280 to depend on MdMYB110a. However, MdHsfB3a could bind to both the MdDFR and MdANS promoters, thereby directly regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Collectively, these results provide new insight into the mechanism of ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liuzi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lingfei Shangguan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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138
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Chen J, Wu F, Wang H, Guo C, Zhang W, Luo P, Zhou J, Hao W, Yang G, Huang J. Identification of key taste components in Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. fruit using non-targeted metabolomics. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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139
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Gonda I, Abu-Abied M, Adler C, Milavski R, Tal O, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Faigenboim A, Kahane-Achinoam T, Shachter A, Chaimovitsh D, Dudai N. Two independent loss-of-function mutations in anthocyanidin synthase homeologous genes are responsible for the all-green phenotype of sweet basil. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13870. [PMID: 36724166 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L., is an important culinary herb grown worldwide. Although basil is green, many landraces, breeding lines, and exotic cultivars have purple stems and flowers. This anthocyanin pigmentation is unacceptable in traditional Italian basil used for Pesto sauce production. In the current study, we aimed to resolve the genetics that underlines the different colors. We used the recently published sweet basil genome to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flower and stem color in a bi-parental F2 population. It was found that the pigmentation is governed by a single QTL, harboring an anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene (EC 1.14.20.4). Further analysis revealed that the basil genome harbors two homeologous ANS genes, each carrying a loss-of-function mutation. ObANS1 carries a single base pair insertion resulting in a frameshift, and ObANS2 carries a missense mutation within the active site. In the purple-flower parent, ANS1 is functional, and ANS2 carries a nonsense mutation. The functionality of the ObANS1 active allele was validated by complementation assay in an Arabidopsis ANS mutant. Moreover, we have restored the functionality of the missense-mutated ObANS2 using site-directed activation. We found that the non-functional alleles were expressed to similar levels as the functional allele, suggesting polyploids invest futile effort in expressing non-functional genes, offsetting their advantageous redundancy. This work demonstrated the usefulness of the genomics and genetics of basil to understand the basic mechanism of metabolic traits and raise fundamental questions in polyploid plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Gonda
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Chen Adler
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Renana Milavski
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofir Tal
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Tali Kahane-Achinoam
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Alona Shachter
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - David Chaimovitsh
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Nativ Dudai
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Ramat-Yishay, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
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140
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Jia K, Zhang X, Meng Y, Liu S, Liu X, Yang T, Wen C, Liu L, Ge S. Metabolomics and transcriptomics provide insights into the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in the roots of developing Aster tataricus. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:139-156. [PMID: 36520245 PMCID: PMC9753034 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aster tataricus (L.) is an important medicinal plant in China. Its roots are rich in flavonoids, the main medicinal components. However, the molecular basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in the roots of A. tataricus remains unclear. In this study, the content of total flavonoid of A. tataricus roots at different developmental stages was measured first, and the results showed that the content of total flavonoid gradually decreased from September to November, which may be caused by the stagnation of A. tataricus growth due to the decrease in temperature after September. Then, an integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was conducted on five developing stages of A. tataricus roots to identify flavonoid compositions and potential genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 80 flavonoid metabolites, of which 75% were flavonols and flavonoids, were identified in metabolomic analyses, among which isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were the main skeletons of these flavonoids. Cluster analysis divided these 80 flavonoids into 3 clusters. The compounds in cluster I mainly accumulated in S1, S3, and S5. In cluster II, the relative content of the flavonoid metabolites showed an upward trend from S2 to S4. In cluster III, the flavonoids decreased from S1 to S5. A total of 129 structural genes, including 43 PAL, 23 4CL, 9 C4H, 4 CHS, 18 CHI, 3 F3H, 5 F3'H, 1 F3'5'H, 21 FLS, and 2 FSII, and 65 transcription factors, including 22 AP2/ERF, 7 bHLH, 5 bZIP, 8 MYB, 11 NAC, and 12 WRKY, showed significant correlation with total flavonoid content. Eighteen genes (7 4CL, 5 C4H, 2 CHI, 1 F3H, and 3 FLS) and 30 genes (5 PAL, 9 4CL, 1 C4H, 2 CHI, 1 F3H, 1 DFR, 7 3AT, 1 BZ1, and 3 UGT79B1) were identified as key structural genes for kaempferol and anthocyanins biosynthesis, respectively. Our study provides valuable information for understanding the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. tataricus root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Jia
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yijiang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Taixin Yang
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Chunxiu Wen
- Institute of Cash Crops, Medicinal Plant Research Center West of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road, Xiyuan Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lingdi Liu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Medicinal Plant Research Center West of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road, Xiyuan Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Shujun Ge
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China.
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141
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Qin S, Liu Y, Cui B, Cheng J, Liu S, Liu H. Isolation and functional diversification of dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase gene HvDFR from Hosta ventricosa indicate its role in driving anthocyanin accumulation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2010389. [PMID: 34951328 PMCID: PMC8967398 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural colorants are synthesized in a branch of the flavonoid pathway. Dihydroflavonol-4reductase (DFR) catalyzes dihydroflavonoids into anthocyanins biosynthesis, which is a key regulatory enzyme of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. Hosta ventricosa is an ornamental plant with elegant flowers and rich colorful leaves. How the function of HvDFR contributes to the anthocyanins biosynthesis is still unknown. In this study, the DFR homolog was identified from H. ventricosa and sequence analysis showed that HvDFR possessed the conserved NADPH binding and catalytic domains. A phylogenetic analysis showed that HvDFR was close to the clade formed with MaDFR and HoDFR in Asparagaceae. Gene expression analysis revealed that HvDFR was constitutive expressed in all tissues and expressed highly in flower as well as was positively correlated with anthocyanin content. In addition, the subcellular location of HvDFR showed that is in the nucleus and cell membrane. Overexpression of HvDFR in transgenic tobacco lines enhanced the anthocyanins accumulation along with the key genes upregulated, such as F3H, F3'H, ANS, and UFGT. Our results indicated a functional activity of the HvDFR, which provide an insight into the regulation of anthocyanins content in H. ventricosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Baiqi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
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142
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Liu Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Lin-Wang K, Zhu J, Bi Z, Sun C, Zhang J, Bai J. Integrative analysis of metabolome and transcriptome reveals a dynamic regulatory network of potato tuber pigmentation. iScience 2022; 26:105903. [PMID: 36818280 PMCID: PMC9932491 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Potatoes consist of flavonoids that provide health benefits for human consumers. To learn more about how potato tuber flavonoid accumulation and flesh pigmentation are controlled, we analyzed the transcriptomic and metabolomic profile of potato tubers from three colored potato clones at three developmental phases using an integrated approach. From the 72 flavonoids identified in pigmented flesh, differential abundance was noted for anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavones. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis further allowed modules and candidate genes that positively or negatively regulate flavonoid biosynthesis to be identified. Furthermore, an R2R3-MYB repressor StMYB3 and an R3-MYB repressor StMYBATV involved in the modulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during tuber development were identified. Both StMYB3 and StMYBATV could interact with the cofactor StbHLH1 and repress anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results indicate a feedback regulatory mechanism of a coordinated MYB activator-repressor network on fine-tuning of potato tuber pigmentation during tuber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Potato Research Center, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China,College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiangping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China,Corresponding author
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143
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Chen C, Zhang Y, Fu X, Chen C, Wu S, Zhang C, Zhang H, Chang Y, Chen S, Zhao J, Liu C, Wang Y. Influential factors and transcriptome analyses of immature diploid embryo anthocyanin accumulation in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:609. [PMID: 36564721 PMCID: PMC9789580 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are widely applied as a marker for haploid identification after haploid induction in maize. However, the factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis in immature embryos and the genes regulating this process remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the influence of genetic background of the male and female parents, embryo age and light exposure on anthocyanin accumulation in embryos. The results showed that light exposure was the most crucial factor enhancing the pigmentation of immature embryos. The identification accuracy of haploid embryos reached 96.4% after light exposure, but was only 11.0% following dark treatment. The total anthocyanin content was 7-fold higher in immature embryos cultured for 24 h under light conditions compared to embryos cultured in the dark. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes between immature embryos cultured for 24 h in dark and light chambers were significantly enriched in the pathways of flavonoid, flavone, flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Among the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, five up-regulated genes were identified: F3H, DFR, ANS, F3'H and the MYB transcription factor-encoding gene C1. The expression patterns of 14 selected genes were confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION Light is the most important factor facilitating anthocyanin accumulation in immature embryos. After 24 h of exposure to light, the expression levels of the structural genes F3H, DFR, ANS, F3'H and transcription factor gene C1 were significantly up-regulated. This study provides new insight into the factors and key genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in immature embryos, and supports improved efficiency of immature haploid embryo selection during doubled haploid breeding of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiuyi Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chuanyong Chen
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Huasheng Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yiyao Chang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Chenxu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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144
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Ni J, Liao Y, Zhang M, Pan C, Yang Q, Bai S, Teng Y. Blue Light Simultaneously Induces Peel Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Flesh Carotenoid/Sucrose Biosynthesis in Mango Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16021-16035. [PMID: 36484494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies focused on the effects of light on fruit appearance, especially the peel color. However, the effect of light on fruit internal quality and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of blue light on the appearance and internal quality of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.). Blue light simultaneously induced peel anthocyanin and flesh sucrose/carotenoid biosynthesis in mango fruit. Analyses of co-expression networks and gene expression trends in mango fruit peel and flesh identified candidate genes, including transcription factor genes, involved in blue light-regulated anthocyanin, carotenoid, and sucrose biosynthesis pathways. Key blue light signaling-related genes (MiCRY and MiHY5) and blue light-triggered phytohormones were involved in these pathways. Additionally, there were common and tissue-specific pathways for the blue light-promoted accumulation of anthocyanins, carotenoids, and sucrose. Our results provide new insights into the regulatory effects of light on the appearance and internal quality of mango fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbei Ni
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Liao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chen Pan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qinsong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Songling Bai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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Wang G, Weng W, Jia Z, Zhang J, Wang T, Xuan J. Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Pulp Color by Transcriptomic Analysis of 'Huaxiu' Plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl.) during Fruit-Ripening. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6368-6384. [PMID: 36547095 PMCID: PMC9776821 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is one of the traditional and economically important stone fruit trees in China. Anthocyanins are important pigments in plums. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation in plum fruits, which has hindered research on the molecular mechanism of its utilization. Our research shows that the chlorophyll content was gradually decreased and the contents of anthocyanin and flavonoid increased during the coloring process of the pulp in 'Huaxiu' plums (P. salicina). Then, the RNA-Seq technique was used to analyze the transcriptome of pulp color changes with three different stages (yellow, orange, and red) in the 'Huaxiu' plum (P. salicina). A total of 57,119 unigenes with a mean length of 953 bp were generated, and 61.6% of them were annotated to public databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) database assigned 21,438 unigenes with biological process, cellular components, and molecular function. In addition, 32,146 unigenes were clustered into 25 categories for functional classification by the COG database, and 7595 unigenes were mapped to 128 KEGG pathways by the KEGG pathway database. Of these, 1095 (YS-versus-OS), 4947 (YS-versus-RS), and 3414 (OS-versus-RS) genes were significantly expressed differentially between two coloration stages. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 20 and 1 differentially expressed genes (DEG) are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis, respectively. Finally, we mainly identified three structural genes as candidate genes. The transcriptome information in this study provide a basis for further studies of pulp colors in plum and contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in pulp.
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146
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Zhang J, Li S, An H, Zhang X, Zhou B. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) leaves under different light qualities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1073332. [PMID: 36570935 PMCID: PMC9772006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1073332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a popular fruit with an abundance of anthocyanins in its leaves and fruits. Light is one of the pivotal environmental elements that affects plant growth and development, but the regulatory mechanism between light quality and anthocyanin formation is poorly understood. METHODS An integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis was performed to investigate the effects of white (control), blue (B), red (R), and red/blue (60R/40B) light on blueberry growth and reveal the potential pathway controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry leaves. RESULTS The anthocyanin content was significantly improved by the blue and red/blue light when compared with white light, whereas there was a significant reduction in the photosynthesis under the blue light, showing an inverse trend to that of anthocyanin accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis resulted in the assembly of 134,709 unigenes. Of these, 22 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that participate in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, with the majority being significantly up-regulated under the blue light. Most of the photosynthesis-related genes that were down-regulated were expressed during anthocyanin accumulation. Targeted metabolome profiling identified 44 metabolites associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. The contents of most of these metabolites were higher under blue light than the other light conditions, which was consistent with the transcriptome results. The integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggested that, under blue light, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), O-methyltransferase (OMT), and UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were the most significantly expressed, and they promoted the synthesis of cyanidin (Cy), malvidin (Mv), and pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidins, respectively. The expression levels of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and OMT, as well as the accumulation of delphinidin (Dp), peonidin (Pn), and petunidin (Pt), were significantly increased by the red/blue light. DISCUSSION The blue and red/blue lights promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis via inducing the expression of key structural genes and accumulation of metabolites involved in anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Moreover, there was a possible feedback regulating correlation between anthocyanin biosynthesis and photosynthesis under different light qualities in blueberry leaves. This study would provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the underlying regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis of V. corymbosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuigen Li
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haishan An
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqiang Zhou
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Xu X, Qin H, Liu C, Liu J, Lyu M, Wang F, Xing Y, Tian G, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Ge S. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Effect of Nitrogen-Potassium on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in "Fuji" Apple. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15057-15068. [PMID: 36412927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) have significant effects on apple peel color. To further understand the molecular mechanism of N-K regulation of apple color, we analyzed the apple peel under different N and K treatments using isotope labeling, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Under high N treatments, fruit red color and anthocyanin content decreased significantly. High N decreased the 13C distribution rate and increased the Ndff values of fruits, while K increased the expression of MdSUTs and MdSOTs and promoted 13C transportation to fruits. Anthocyanin-targeted metabonomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that high N downregulated the expression of structural genes related to the anthocyanin synthesis pathway (MdPAL, Md4CL, MdF3H, MdANS, and MdUFGT) and their regulators (MdMYBs and MdbHLHs), and also decreased some metabolites contents. K alleviated this inhibition and seven anthocyanins were regulated by N-K. Our results improve the understanding of the synergistic regulation of apple fruit coloring by N-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Hanhan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Mengxue Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Yue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Ge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Zhanling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271002, China
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Câmara JS, Locatelli M, Pereira JAM, Oliveira H, Arlorio M, Fernandes I, Perestrelo R, Freitas V, Bordiga M. Behind the Scenes of Anthocyanins-From the Health Benefits to Potential Applications in Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Fields. Nutrients 2022; 14:5133. [PMID: 36501163 PMCID: PMC9738495 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widespread and biologically active water-soluble phenolic pigments responsible for a wide range of vivid colours, from red (acidic conditions) to purplish blue (basic conditions), present in fruits, vegetables, and coloured grains. The pigments' stability and colours are influenced mainly by pH but also by structure, temperature, and light. The colour-stabilizing mechanisms of plants are determined by inter- and intramolecular co-pigmentation and metal complexation, driven by van der Waals, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions. This group of flavonoids is well-known to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which explains the biological effects associated with them. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the role of anthocyanins as natural colorants, showing they are less harmful than conventional colorants, with several technological potential applications in different industrial fields, namely in the textile and food industries, as well as in the development of photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, as new photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, pharmaceuticals, and in the cosmetic industry, mainly on the formulation of skin care formulations, sunscreen filters, nail colorants, skin & hair cleansing products, amongst others. In addition, we will unveil some of the latest studies about the health benefits of anthocyanins, mainly focusing on the protection against the most prevalent human diseases mediated by oxidative stress, namely cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The contribution of anthocyanins to visual health is also very relevant and will be briefly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Natural Products Research Group, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Monica Locatelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Natural Products Research Group, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Hélder Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Arlorio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Natural Products Research Group, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Victor Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Matteo Bordiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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149
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Anthocyanins Profiling Analysis and RNA-Seq Revealed the Dominating Pigments and Coloring Mechanism in Cyclamen Flowers. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121721. [PMID: 36552231 PMCID: PMC9774537 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pigments in cyclamen (Cyclamen purpurascens) endows flowers with great ornamental and medicinal values. However, little is known about the biosynthetic pathways of pigments, especially anthocyanins, in cyclamen flowers. Herein, anthocyanins profiling and RNA-Seq were used to decipher the molecular events using cyclamen genotypes of red (HXK) or white (BXK) flowers. We found that red cyclamen petals are rich in cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and ruti. In addition, our transcriptomics data revealed 3589 up-regulated genes and 2788 down-regulated genes comparing the BXK to HXK. Our rich dataset also identified eight putative key genes for anthocyanin synthesis, including four chalcone synthase (CHS, g13809_i0, g12097_i0, g18851_i0, g36714_i0), one chalcone isomerase (CHI, g26337_i0), two flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3'H, g14710_i0 and g15005_i0), and one anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, g18981_i0). Importantly, we found a 2.5 order of magnitude higher expression of anthocyanin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (g8206_i0), which encodes a key gene in glycosylation of anthocyanins, in HXK compared to BXK. Taken together, our multiomics approach demonstrated massive changes in gene regulatory networks and anthocyanin metabolism in controlling cyclamen flower color.
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150
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Luan X, Xu W, Zhang J, Shen T, Chen C, Xi M, Zhong Y, Xu M. Genome-Scale Identification, Classification, and Expression Profiling of MYB Transcription Factor Genes in Cinnamomum camphora. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14279. [PMID: 36430756 PMCID: PMC9693371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.) is the representative species of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests in eastern Asia and an important raw material for essential oil production worldwide. Although MYBs have been comprehensively characterized and their functions have been partially resolved in many plants, it has not been explored in C. camphora. In this study, 121 CcMYBs were identified on 12 chromosomes in the whole genome of C. camphora and found that CcMYBs were mainly expanded by segmental duplication. They were divided into 28 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis and gene structural characteristics. In the promoter regions, numerous cis-acting elements were related to biological processes. Analysis of RNA sequencing data from seven tissues showed that CcMYBs exhibited different expression profiles, suggesting that they have various roles in camphor tree development. In addition, combined with the correlation analysis of structural genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway, we identified CcMYBs from three subgroups that might be related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. This study systematically analyzed CcMYBs in C. camphora, which will set the stage for subsequent research on the functions of CcMYBs during their lifetime and provide valuable insights for the genetic improvement of camphor trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Luan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tengfei Shen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetics and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Mengli Xi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongda Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetics and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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