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AlShurman BA, Khan AF, Mac C, Majeed M, Butt ZA. What Demographic, Social, and Contextual Factors Influence the Intention to Use COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9342. [PMID: 34501932 PMCID: PMC8431323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 crisis, an apparent growth in vaccine hesitancy has been noticed due to different factors and reasons. Therefore, this scoping review was performed to determine the prevalence of intention to use COVID-19 vaccines among adults aged 18-60, and to identify the demographic, social, and contextual factors that influence the intention to use COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS This scoping review was conducted by using the methodological framework for scoping review outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. A search strategy was carried out on four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. All peer-reviewed articles published between November 2019 and December 2020 were reviewed. Data were extracted to identify the prevalence of, and factors that influence, the intention to use COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS A total of 48 relevant articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Outcomes presented fell into seven themes: demographics, social factors, vaccination beliefs and attitudes, vaccine-related perceptions, health-related perceptions, perceived barriers, and vaccine recommendations. Age, gender, education level, race/ethnicity, vaccine safety and effectiveness, influenza vaccination history, and self-protection from COVID-19 were the most prominent factors associated with intention to use COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, the majority of studies (n = 34/48) reported a relatively high prevalence of intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19, with a range from 60% to 93%. CONCLUSION This scoping review enables the creation of demographic, social, and contextual constructs associated with intention to vaccinate among the adult population. These factors are likely to play a major role in any targeted vaccination programs, particularly COVID-19 vaccination. Thus, our review suggests focusing on the development of strategies to promote the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and to overcome vaccine hesitancy and refusal. These strategies could include transparent communication, social media engagement, and the initiation of education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara’ Abdallah AlShurman
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.A.A.); (A.F.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Amber Fozia Khan
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.A.A.); (A.F.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Christina Mac
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.A.A.); (A.F.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Meerab Majeed
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
| | - Zahid Ahmad Butt
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.A.A.); (A.F.K.); (C.M.)
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Hao F, Wang B, Tan W, Husain SF, McIntyre RS, Tang X, Zhang L, Han X, Jiang L, Chew NWS, Tan BYQ, Tran B, Zhang Z, Vu GL, Vu GT, Ho R, Ho CS, Sharma VK. Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to pay: comparison of people with and without mental disorders in China. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e146. [PMID: 34422295 PMCID: PMC8365102 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine are unknown. AIMS We compared attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in people suffering from depression or anxiety disorder and people without mental disorders, and their willingness to pay for it. METHOD Adults with depression or anxiety disorder (n = 79) and healthy controls (n = 134) living in Chongqing, China, completed a cross-sectional study between 13 and 26 January 2021. We used a validated survey to assess eight aspects related to attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. RESULTS Seventy-six people with depression or anxiety disorder (96.2%) and 134 healthy controls (100%) reported willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. A significantly higher proportion of people with depression or anxiety disorder (64.5%) were more willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine than healthy controls (38.1%) (P ≤ 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, severity of depression and anxiety was significantly associated with willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination among psychiatric patients (P = 0.048). Non-healthcare workers (P = 0.039), health insurance (P = 0.003), living with children (P = 0.006) and internalised stigma (P = 0.002) were significant factors associated with willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, psychiatric patients in Chongqing, China, showed high acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine differed between psychiatric patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Hao
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; and Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | - Bokun Wang
- Modern Service Industry Bureau, Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Administration Committee, China
| | - Wanqiu Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, China
| | - Syeda Fabeha Husain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | - Xiaofan Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | | | | | - Bach Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam; and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhisong Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, China
| | - Gia Linh Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations and Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ali GGMN, Rahman MM, Hossain MA, Rahman MS, Paul KC, Thill JC, Samuel J. Public Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccines: Policy Implications from US Spatiotemporal Sentiment Analytics. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1110. [PMID: 34574884 PMCID: PMC8465389 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a compelling and pressing need to better understand the temporal dynamics of public sentiment towards COVID-19 vaccines in the US on a national and state-wise level for facilitating appropriate public policy applications. Our analysis of social media data from early February and late March 2021 shows that, despite the overall strength of positive sentiment and despite the increasing numbers of Americans being fully vaccinated, negative sentiment towards COVID-19 vaccines still persists among segments of people who are hesitant towards the vaccine. In this study, we perform sentiment analytics on vaccine tweets, monitor changes in public sentiment over time, contrast vaccination sentiment scores with actual vaccination data from the US CDC and the Household Pulse Survey (HPS), explore the influence of maturity of Twitter user-accounts and generate geographic mapping of tweet sentiments. We observe that fear sentiment remained unchanged in populous states, whereas trust sentiment declined slightly in these same states. Changes in sentiments were more notable among less populous states in the central sections of the US. Furthermore, we leverage the emotion polarity based Public Sentiment Scenarios (PSS) framework, which was developed for COVID-19 sentiment analytics, to systematically posit implications for public policy processes with the aim of improving the positioning, messaging, and administration of vaccines. These insights are expected to contribute to policies that can expedite the vaccination program and move the nation closer to the cherished herd immunity goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Md. Nawaz Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Md. Mokhlesur Rahman
- The William States Lee College of Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning (URP), Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amjad Hossain
- Department of Accounting, Information Systems, and Finance, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801, USA;
| | - Md. Shahinoor Rahman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305, USA;
| | - Kamal Chandra Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Jean-Claude Thill
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences and School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Jim Samuel
- Department of Business Analytics, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA; or
- E.J. Bloustein School of Planning & Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Paul A, Sikdar D, Mahanta J, Ghosh S, Jabed MA, Paul S, Yeasmin F, Sikdar S, Chowdhury B, Nath TK. Peoples' understanding, acceptance, and perceived challenges of vaccination against COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256493. [PMID: 34415969 PMCID: PMC8378750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to eliminate COVID-19, many countries provided vaccinations. However, success depends on peoples’ knowledge levels and rates of acceptance. But, previous research on this topic is currently lacking in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study aimed at to investigate Bangladeshi peoples’ knowledge, acceptance, and perception of challenges regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Quantitative data were collected using an online survey (n = 1975) and face-to-face interviews (n = 2200) with a pre-tested structured questionnaire. In addition, seven open-ended interviews were conducted with health experts regarding challenges of vaccination. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between explanatory and dependent variables. Effect size was estimated to understand the magnitude of relationship between two variables. Of 4175 respondents, 92.6% knew about COVID-19 vaccines, while only 37.4% believed vaccines to be effective in controlling COVID-19. Nearly 46% of respondents believed that COVID-19 vaccines have side-effects, and 16.4% of respondents believed that side-effects could be life-threatening. Only 60.5% of respondents indicated that they would receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Out of 1650 respondents (39.5%) who did not intend to receive the vaccine, 948 (57.4%) believed that they would be naturally protected. Regressions results indicated that men had higher rates of knowledge regarding the vaccine. In addition, rural respondents demonstrated lower knowledge regarding the vaccine. Furthermore, education had a significant association with knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines. Respondents with university education had more knowledge regarding the vaccine (Odds ratio, OR = 29.99; 95% confidence interval, CI 11.40–78.90, effect size 1.88; p = 0.01) and correct dosage (OR 27.34; 95% CI 15.25–49.00, effect size 1.83; p = 0.01). However, women (OR 1.16; 95% CI 0.96–1.40, effect size 0.08) and rural (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.44, effect size 0.12; p = 0.01) respondents were more enthusiastic regarding receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Higher educated respondents showed higher probability of receiving the vaccine. Those who believed in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine were 11.57 times more interested (OR 11.57; 95% CI 8.92–15.01, effect size 1.35; p = 0.01) in receiving the vaccine. Open-ended interviews identified several challenges toward successful COVID-19 vaccination. Mass awareness creation, uninterrupted supply, equitable distribution, and sectoral coordination were suggested to achieve at least 70% immunization across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alak Paul
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Dwaipayan Sikdar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Janardan Mahanta
- Department of Statistics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Department of Statistics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Akib Jabed
- Research Associate, Center for Participatory Research and Development (CPRD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sujat Paul
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Yeasmin
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Suranjana Sikdar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Yahia AIO, Alshahrani AM, Alsulmi WGH, Alqarni MMM, Abdulrahim TKA, Heba WFH, Alqarni TAA, Alharthi KAZ, Buhran AAA. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4015-4020. [PMID: 34353226 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1950506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed in unprecedented time by research centers and pharmaceutical companies. This study aimed to determine COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy rates and investigated the factors that influence vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. A cross-sectional research was conducted among adults in Saudi Arabia between January and March 2021 to determine willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to explore the participants' COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. Categorical variables are described by frequency and percentage. A cross-tabulation analysis using the chi-squared test was performed to find associations between sociodemographic characteristics and vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. Logistic regression analysis was performed for variables that were found to be significant by the chi-squared test. A descriptive analysis of the 531 participants showed that 61.8% were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine, while 38.2% were not. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was higher among women (44.9%), those 34-49 years of age (47.9%), those who were married (41.9%), employed (39.7%), had lower educational attainment (40%), and urban dwellers (40.8%). The main reason for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was to protect oneself and others, while concerns about vaccine safety were the main reason for vaccine hesitancy. Statically significant associations were found between vaccine acceptance and age (p = .002) and gender (p = .03). Our study revealed a high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (38.2%). Several sociodemographic characteristics were related to hesitancy, which may hinder the promotion of vaccine uptake. Public health campaigns is recommended to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Ibrahim Omer Yahia
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan
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106
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Wang MM, Fleßa S. Overcoming COVID-19 in China despite shortcomings of the public health system: what can we learn? HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2021; 11:25. [PMID: 34228254 PMCID: PMC8259095 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-021-00319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although there are some doubts about the reporting of cases and deaths in China, it seems that this country was able to control the epidemic more effectively than many other countries. In this paper, we would like to analyze the measures taken in China and compare them with other countries in order to find out what they can learn from China. METHODS We develop a system dynamics model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. Based on a number of simulations we analyze the impact of changing parameters, such as contact rates, on the development of a second wave. RESULTS Although China's health care system seems to be poorly financed and inefficient, the epidemic was brought under control in a comparably short period of time and no second wave was experienced in Wuhan until today. The measures to contain the epidemic do not differ from what was implemented in other countries, but China applied them very early and rigorously. For instance, the consequent implementation of health codes and contact-tracking technology contributed to contain the disease and effectively prevented the second and third waves. CONCLUSIONS China's success in fighting COVID-19 is based on a very strict implementation of a set of measures, including digital management. While other countries discuss relaxing the lock-down at a rate of 50 per 100,000 inhabitants, China started local lock-downs at a rate of 3 per 100,000. We call for a public debate whether this policy would be feasible for more liberal countries as well.
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107
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Differences in the Protection Motivation Theory Constructs between People with Various Latent Classes of Motivation for Vaccination and Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19 in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137042. [PMID: 34280979 PMCID: PMC8297011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the distinct classes of motivations to get vaccinated and to adopt preventive behaviors against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among people in Taiwan and to examine the roles of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) cognitive constructs in these unique classes of motivations to get vaccinated and to adopt preventive behaviors. We recruited 1047 participants by using a Facebook advertisement. Participants’ motivations to get vaccinated and to adopt preventive behaviors against COVID-19, PMT constructs of threat appraisal (perceived severity and perceived vulnerability), and PMT constructs of coping appraisal (self-efficacy, response efficacy, response cost, knowledge, and previous vaccination for seasonal influenza) were determined. We analyzed participants’ motivations to get vaccinated and to adopt preventive behaviors against COVID-19 by using latent profile analysis. The present study identified three latent classes, including the participants with high motivation for vaccination and preventive behaviors (the class of Both High), those with low motivation for vaccination and preventive behaviors (the class of Both Low), and those with high motivation for vaccination but low motivation for preventive behaviors (the class of High Vaccination but Low Preventive Behaviors). Compared with the participants in the class of Both High, participants in the class of Both Low had lower levels of perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, self-efficacy to have vaccination, response efficacy of vaccination, knowledge about vaccination, and previous vaccination for seasonal influenza; participants in the class of High Vaccination but Low Preventive Behaviors had lower levels of perceived vulnerability and perceived severity but higher levels of response cost of vaccination. We concluded that varieties of motivations, threat, and coping appraisals should be considered in intervention programs aiming to increase motivation to adopt recommended protective behaviors against COVID-19.
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108
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Chand AA. COVID-19 and vaccination rollout in Fiji: Challenges caused by digital platform. Int J Surg 2021; 91:106001. [PMID: 34153530 PMCID: PMC8215508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the pandemic, a variety of interventions have reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and mortality, including individual precautions such as wearing proper personal protective equipment (i.e., hand gloves, facemasks, and face shields), social distancing, handwashing, and limiting interpersonal interaction to outside situations. The most promising hope for ending the COVID-19 pandemic is the successful launch of COVID-19 vaccines. In response, this letter to editor will disclose the rollout of COVID-19 vaccination and challenges caused by digital platforms in Fiji.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh A Chand
- School of Information Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Physics (STEMP), Suva, Fiji.
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109
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Annas S, Zamri-Saad M. Intranasal Vaccination Strategy to Control the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Veterinary Medicine Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071876. [PMID: 34202429 PMCID: PMC8300178 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intranasal vaccination is one of the methods used to stimulate mucosal immunity. It has been widely practised to control many human and animal respiratory diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which resulted in a global pandemic. COVID-19 has reminded some veterinarians of various contagious veterinary diseases, including coronavirus infections in animals. This article discusses the control of highly contagious diseases of veterinary importance with emphasis on an intranasal vaccination approach, and the potential of implementing similar strategies in human medicine to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Abstract The world is currently facing an ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The disease is a highly contagious respiratory disease which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current control measures used by many countries include social distancing, wearing face masks, frequent hand washing, self-isolation, and vaccination. The current commercially available vaccines are injectable vaccines, although a few intranasal vaccines are in trial stages. The reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, perceptions towards the safety of the vaccines, and frequent mutation of the virus may lead to poor herd immunity. In veterinary medicine, attaining herd immunity is one of the main considerations in disease control, and herd immunity depends on the use of efficacious vaccines and the vaccination coverage in a population. Hence, many aerosol or intranasal vaccines have been developed to control veterinary respiratory diseases such as Newcastle disease, rinderpest, infectious bronchitis, and haemorrhagic septicaemia. Different vaccine technologies could be employed to improve vaccination coverage, including the usage of an intranasal live recombinant vaccine or live mutant vaccine. This paper discusses the potential use of intranasal vaccination strategies against human COVID-19, based on a veterinary intranasal vaccine strategy.
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Jaramillo-Monge J, Obimpeh M, Vega B, Acurio D, Boven A, Verhoeven V, Colebunders R. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Azuay Province, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:678. [PMID: 34205483 PMCID: PMC8235423 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance level in Azuay province, Ecuador through an online survey from 12th to 26th February (before the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Ecuador). Overall, 1219 respondents participated in the survey. The mean age was 32 ± 13 years; 693 participants (57%) were female. In total, 1109 (91%) of the participants indicated they were willing to be vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine, if the vaccine is at least 95% effective; 835 (68.5%) if it is 90% effective and 493 (40.5%) if it is 70% effective; 676 (55.5%) participants indicated they feared side effects and 237 (19.4%) thought the vaccine was not effective. Older age, having had a postgraduate education, a history of a negative COVID-19 test, a high level of worry of contracting COVID-19, believing that COVID-19 infection can be prevented with a vaccine and understanding there is currently an effective vaccine against COVID-19 were associated with higher vaccination acceptance. A vaccination education campaign will be needed to increase the knowledge of Ecuadorians about the COVID-19 vaccine and to increase their trust in the vaccine. People with a lower education level and living in rural areas may need to be targeted during such a campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Jaramillo-Monge
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador; (J.J.-M.); (B.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Michael Obimpeh
- Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.O.); (A.B.); (V.V.)
| | - Bernardo Vega
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador; (J.J.-M.); (B.V.); (D.A.)
| | - David Acurio
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador; (J.J.-M.); (B.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Annelies Boven
- Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.O.); (A.B.); (V.V.)
| | - Veronique Verhoeven
- Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.O.); (A.B.); (V.V.)
| | - Robert Colebunders
- Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.O.); (A.B.); (V.V.)
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Abstract
Vaccination is an important public health intervention, but its effectiveness depends upon the uptake of vaccination reaching sufficient levels to yield 'herd' immunity. While the majority of the UK hold positive attitudes about vaccination, some people, including health professionals, decline vaccinations. This article reviews the evidence relating to vaccine hesitancy, its underlying factors and the sociodemographic variations. A second article will review the evidence relating to strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and promote vaccination acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison While
- Emeritus Professor of Community Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London; Fellow of the Queen's Nursing Institute ORCID: 0000-0003-0955-3472
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112
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Jin H, Chu J, Zhao W, Ye Q, Zhan M, Han X, Lu L, Liu J, Li Z, Cui M. Temporary vaccination clinic for COVID-19 in Zhuhai, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3478-3480. [PMID: 34114926 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1933688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. To gradually increase the vaccination rate among residents, temporary vaccination clinic for COVID-19 plays an important role. It should be located in an area with convenient transportation and concentrated population. Functional zones including waiting and inquiry, registration and notification, injection, observation and emergency room should be established. All vaccine recipients' information should be uploaded to the national immunization information system. Medical staff at the temporary vaccination clinic should be professionally trained. A cautious disinfection and wiping are essential for the temporary vaccination clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Chu
- Medical Administration Department, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Administration Office, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Nursing Department, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Precision Medical Centre, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoling Han
- Nursing Department, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- President, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Zhaohui Li
- Executive Vice-President, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Cui
- Deputy Secretary of Party Committee & Vice President, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
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113
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Luk TT, Zhao S, Wu Y, Wong JYH, Wang MP, Lam TH. Prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy in Hong Kong: A population-based survey. Vaccine 2021; 39:3602-3607. [PMID: 34034950 PMCID: PMC8130539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Although vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most desired solution to end the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there are growing concerns that vaccine hesitancy would undermine its potential. We examined the intention to receive vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and the associated factors in a representative sample of Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Methods We did a dual-frame (landline and mobile) cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 1501 Hong Kong residents aged 18 years or older (53.6% females) in April 2020. We collected data on the intention to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine when it becomes available (yes/ no/ undecided), knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, smoking, alcohol drinking, and sociodemographic factors. Prevalence estimates were weighted by the sex, age, and education of the general population of Hong Kong. Results Overall, 45.3% (95% CI: 42.3–48.4%) of the participants had intentions to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 when it becomes available, 29.2% (26.5–32.1%) were undecided, and 25.5% (22.9–28.2%) had no intention. The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy (undecided or no intention) was safety concerns (56.5%). Multivariable partial proportional odds model showed higher vaccine hesitancy in males, younger adults, those with no chronic disease, current smokers, and non-alcohol drinkers. After adjusting for sociodemographic and other factors, inadequate knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.27 to 2.63; P < 0.05) and lower perceived danger of COVID-19 (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.62 to 2.47; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions In a representative sample of Chinese adults in Hong Kong, only 45.3% of the participants intended to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 when available. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with inadequate knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission and lower perceived danger of COVID-19, which needed to be addressed to improve vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu Tsun Luk
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Shengzhi Zhao
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yongda Wu
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Janet Yuen-Ha Wong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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114
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The Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in China: Insights from Protection Motivation Theory. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050445. [PMID: 34063281 PMCID: PMC8147465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: More coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are gradually being developed and marketed. Improving the vaccination intention will be the key to increasing the vaccination rate in the future; (2) Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination intentions, protection motivation and control variables. Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to analyze the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine; (3) Results: Although the vaccine was free, 17.75% of the 2377 respondents did not want, or were hesitant, to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents’ cognition of vaccine safety, external reward and response efficacy were positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intention, while age, income and response cost were negatively related to the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Professionals and people without medical insurance had the lowest intention to vaccinate; (4) Conclusions: The older aged, people without health insurance, those with higher incomes and professionals should be treated as the key intervention targets. Strengthening publicity and education about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, training vaccinated people and community leaders as propagandists for the vaccine, and improving the accessibility to the COVID-19 vaccine are recommended to improve COVID-19 vaccination intention.
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115
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Nicholas S, Leng A, Maitland E, Wang J. COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Chinese Adults under the Free Vaccination Policy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030292. [PMID: 33801136 PMCID: PMC8004171 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: China will provide free coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations for the entire population. This study analyzed the COVID-19 vaccination willingness rate (VWR) and its determinants under China’s free vaccination policy compared to a paid vaccine. (2) Methods: Data on 2377 respondents were collected through a nationwide questionnaire survey. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to explore the correlation between the VWR and its determinants. (3) Results: China’s free vaccination policy for COVID-19 increased the VWR from 73.62% to 82.25% of the respondents. Concerns about the safety and side-effects were the primary reason for participants’ unwillingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Age, medical insurance and vaccine safety were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for both the paid and free vaccine. Income, occupation and vaccine effectiveness were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for the free vaccine. (4) Conclusions: Free vaccinations increased the COVID-19 VWR significantly. People over the age of 58 and without medical insurance should be treated as the target intervention population for improving the COVID-19 VWR. Contrary to previous research, high-income groups and professional workers should be intervention targets to improve the COVID-19 VWR. Strengthening nationwide publicity and education on COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness are recommended policies for decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugang Liu
- School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Stephen Nicholas
- Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia;
- Research Institute for International Strategies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
- School of Economics and School of Management, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Anli Leng
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Institute of Governance, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Elizabeth Maitland
- School of Management, University of Liverpool, Chatham Building, Chatham Street, Liverpool L69 7ZH, UK;
| | - Jian Wang
- Dong Fureng Economic and Social Development School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Center for Health Economics and Management, School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence:
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116
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Radic A, Koo B, Gil-Cordero E, Cabrera-Sánchez JP, Han H. Intention to Take COVID-19 Vaccine as a Precondition for International Travel: Application of Extended Norm-Activation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063104. [PMID: 33803023 PMCID: PMC8002605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to human health, the global economy, and the social fabrics of contemporary societies as many aspects of modern everyday life, including travel and leisure, have been shattered to pieces. Hence, a COVID-19 mandatory vaccination as a precondition for international travel is being debated in many countries. Thus, the present research aimed to study the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine as a precondition for international travel using an extended Norm-Activation Model. The study model integrates a new construct, namely mass media coverage on COVID-19 vaccination as additional predictor of intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The survey data were collected from 1221 international travelers. Structural equation modelling shows a very good fit of the final model to the data; the conceptual model based on extended Norm-Activation Model was strongly supported. Awareness of consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ health has shown a positive effect on individuals’ ascribed responsibility to adopt emotionally driven (anticipated pride and anticipated guilt) pro-social behaviors that activate a personal norm towards altruistic and pro-mandatory vaccination-friendly behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Radic
- Independent Researcher, Gornji kono 8, 20 000 Dubrovnik, Croatia;
| | - Bonhak Koo
- School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University 365 Human Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Eloy Gil-Cordero
- Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (J.P.C.-S.)
| | - Juan Pedro Cabrera-Sánchez
- Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (J.P.C.-S.)
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
- Correspondence:
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117
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Machida M, Nakamura I, Kojima T, Saito R, Nakaya T, Hanibuchi T, Takamiya T, Odagiri Y, Fukushima N, Kikuchi H, Amagasa S, Watanabe H, Inoue S. Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:210. [PMID: 33802285 PMCID: PMC8002097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination could be a key protective measure against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it is important to understand the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among the general public. However, there is no study on the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy situation in Japan and assess the factors associated with such issues. This was a cross-sectional study based on an internet survey completed by 2956 people. Participants were asked to indicate how likely they were to get vaccinated for COVID-19. In addition, the participants responded to questions regarding sociodemographic factors, attitudes, and beliefs regarding COVID-19 infection and vaccination. The proportion of participants with a high likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine was 62.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that vaccine acceptance was lower among several sociodemographic groups, such as women, adults aged 20-49 years, and those with a low-income level. Several psychological factors, especially the perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, and willingness to protect others by getting oneself vaccinated, were associated with vaccine acceptance. Our results indicate that the perceived effectiveness of the vaccine and willingness to protect others may play an important role in the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Machida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.M.); (T.T.); (Y.O.); (N.F.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (I.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Itaru Nakamura
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (I.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Takako Kojima
- Department of International Medical Communications, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan;
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan; (T.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Tomoya Hanibuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan; (T.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Tomoko Takamiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.M.); (T.T.); (Y.O.); (N.F.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Yuko Odagiri
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.M.); (T.T.); (Y.O.); (N.F.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.M.); (T.T.); (Y.O.); (N.F.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.M.); (T.T.); (Y.O.); (N.F.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.M.); (T.T.); (Y.O.); (N.F.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Hidehiro Watanabe
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (I.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.M.); (T.T.); (Y.O.); (N.F.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
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