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Patel P, Malipatlolla DK, Devarakonda S, Bull C, Rascón A, Nyman M, Stringer A, Tremaroli V, Steineck G, Sjöberg F. Dietary Oat Bran Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Mice Subjected to Pelvic Irradiation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082172. [PMID: 32707913 PMCID: PMC7468988 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing radiotherapy to treat pelvic-organ cancer are commonly advised to follow a restricted fiber diet. However, reducing dietary fiber may promote gastrointestinal inflammation, eventually leading to deteriorated intestinal health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of dietary fiber on radiation-induced inflammation. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a High-oat bran diet (15% fiber) or a No-fiber diet (0% fiber) and were either irradiated (32 Gy delivered in four fractions) to the colorectal region or only sedated (controls). The dietary intervention started at 2 weeks before irradiation and lasted for 1, 6, and 18 weeks after irradiation, at which time points mice were sacrificed and their serum samples were assayed for 23 cytokines and chemokines. Our analyses show that irradiation increased the serum cytokine levels at all the time points analyzed. The No-fiber irradiated mice had significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than the High-oat irradiated mice at all time points. The results indicate that a fiber-rich oat bran diet reduces the intensity of radiation-induced inflammation, both at an early and late stage. Based on the results, it seems that the advice to follow a low-fiber diet during radiotherapy may increase the risk of decreased intestinal health in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Patel
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (F.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Dilip Kumar Malipatlolla
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Sravani Devarakonda
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Cecilia Bull
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Ana Rascón
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Andrea Stringer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Fei Sjöberg
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (F.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Furukawa M, Moriya K, Nakayama J, Inoue T, Momoda R, Kawaratani H, Namisaki T, Sato S, Douhara A, Kaji K, Kitade M, Shimozato N, Sawada Y, Saikawa S, Takaya H, Kitagawa K, Akahane T, Mitoro A, Yamao J, Tanaka Y, Yoshiji H. Gut dysbiosis associated with clinical prognosis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:840-852. [PMID: 32346970 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although some relationships between gut microbiota and liver diseases have been reported, it remains uncertain whether changes in gut microbiota owing to differences in race, food and living environment have similar effects. Response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may predict the long-term prognosis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC); however, little is known about the significance of the gut microbiome in patients with PBC. We elucidated the relationships among clinical profiles, biochemical response to UDCA and gut microbiome composition in patients with PBC. METHODS Fecal samples from 76 patients with PBC treated at our hospital were collected; patients whose UDCA intake period was <1 year were excluded. The microbiome structures of patients were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and were statistically compared with those of healthy subjects. The structures of patients in the UDCA responder (n = 43) and non-responder (n = 30) groups were compared according to the Nara criteria (reduction rate of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, ≥69%, after 1 year). RESULTS Compared with healthy subjects, bacterial diversity was lower in patients with PBC, with a decreased abundance of the order Clostridiales and increased abundance of Lactobacillales. The UDCA non-responder group had a significantly lower population of the genus Faecalibacterium, known as butyrate-producing beneficial bacteria (P < 0.05), although no significant differences in gender, body mass index, medicated drugs or other serological data were indicated between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS Gut dysbiosis with loss of beneficial Clostridiales commensals was observed in patients with PBC. Decrease in Faecalibacterium abundance might predict the long-term prognosis of patients with PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital
| | - Rie Momoda
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University
| | | | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Koh Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University
| | | | - Akira Mitoro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University
| | - Junichi Yamao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital.,Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
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The Gut Microbiota of Laying Hens and Its Manipulation with Prebiotics and Probiotics To Enhance Gut Health and Food Safety. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00600-20. [PMID: 32332137 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00600-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining gut health and influences the overall performance of chickens. Most gut microbiota-related studies have been performed in broilers, which have different microbial communities compared to those of layers. The normal gut microbiota of laying chickens is dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria at the phylum level. The composition of the gut microbiota changes with chicken age, genotype, and production system. The metabolites of gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids, indole, tryptamine, vitamins, and bacteriocins, are involved in host-microbiota cross talk, maintenance of barrier function, and immune homeostasis. Resident gut microbiota members also limit and control the colonization of foodborne pathogens. In-feed supplementations of prebiotics and probiotics strengthen the gut microbiota for improved host performance and colonization resistance to gut pathogens, such as Salmonella and Campylobacter The mechanisms of action of prebiotics and probiotics come through the production of organic acids, activation of the host immune system, and production of antimicrobial agents. Probiotic candidates, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Saccharomyces, and Faecalibacterium isolates, have shown promising results toward enhancing food safety and gut health. Additionally, a range of complex carbohydrates, including mannose oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides, and inulin are promising candidates for improving gut health. Here, we review the potential roles of prebiotics and probiotics in the reshaping of the gut microbiota of layer chickens to enhance gut health and food safety.
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104
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Lin TY, Wu PH, Lin YT, Hung SC. Characterization of Gut Microbiota Composition in Hemodialysis Patients With Normal Weight Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5820731. [PMID: 32296838 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal weight obesity (NWO), defined by a normal body mass index (BMI) but increased body fat percentage (BF%), is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. NWO is characterized by inflammation and muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of host metabolism and may play important roles in the development of NWO in CKD. METHODS In this case-control study, we examined the gut microbial diversity and taxonomy in 96 hemodialysis patients with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BF% ≤ 25% for men or ≤ 35% for women; n = 32), NWO (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BF% > 25% for men or > 35% for women; n = 32), and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; n = 32), matched for age, gender, and diabetes. BF% was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy device. Gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that α-diversity was significantly different among the 3 adiposity phenotypes, with NWO being the least diverse. α-diversity was positively correlated with BMI, subjective global assessment score, and physical activity, but negatively correlated with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Patients with or without NWO were distinguished with respect to principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity. Notably, the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Coprococcus, was markedly reduced in patients with NWO. CONCLUSION Our findings support associations between gut dysbiosis and a proinflammatory and catabolic state in hemodialysis patients with NWO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yun Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Salehi B, Dimitrijević M, Aleksić A, Neffe-Skocińska K, Zielińska D, Kołożyn-Krajewska D, Sharifi-Rad J, Stojanović-Radić Z, Prabu SM, Rodrigues CF, Martins N. Human microbiome and homeostasis: insights into the key role of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1415-1428. [PMID: 32400169 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1760202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interest in the study of the gut microbiome has grown exponentially. Indeed, its impact on health and disease has been increasingly reported, and the importance of keeping gut microbiome homeostasis clearly highlighted. However, and despite many advances, there are still some gaps, as well as the real discernment on the contribution of some species falls far short of what is needed. Anyway, it is already more than a solid fact of its importance in maintaining health and preventing disease, as well as in the treatment of some pathologies. In this sense, and given the existence of some ambiguous opinions, the present review aims to discuss the importance of gut microbiome in homeostasis maintenance, and even the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in both health promotion and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ana Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warszawa, Poland
| | - Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Warszawa, Poland
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sun Y, Zhong S, Deng B, Jin Q, Wu J, Huo J, Zhu J, Zhang C, Li Y. Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9067. [PMID: 32377455 PMCID: PMC7194088 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics are the most commonly used growth-promoting additives in pig feed especially for weaned piglets. But in recent years their use has been restricted because of bacterial resistance. Phellinus, a genus of medicinal fungi, is widely used in Asia to treat gastroenteric dysfunction, hemrrhage, and tumors. Phellinus is reported to improve body weight on mice with colitis. Therefore, we hypothesize that it could benefit the health and growth of piglets, and could be used as an alternative to antibiotic. Here, the effect of Phellinus gilvus mycelia (SH) and antibiotic growth promoter (ATB) were investigated on weaned piglets. Methods A total of 72 crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (n = 4 pens per treatment group with six piglets per pen). The control group was fed basal diet; the SH treatment group was fed basal diet containing 5 g/kg SH; the ATB treatment group was feed basal diet containing 75 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg kitasamycin. The experiment period was 28 days. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed intake to gain ratio were calculated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum were assessed. Viable plate counts of Escherichia coli in feces were measured. Fecal microbiota was analyzed via the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Results The ADG (1–28 day) of piglets was significantly higher in SH and ATB treatment groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control, and the ADG did not show significant difference between SH and ATB treatment groups (P > 0.05). Both SH and ATB treatments increased the MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in serum compared to the control (P < 0.05), but the levels in SH group were all significantly higher than in the ATB group (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiological analysis showed that viable E. coli counts were dramatically decreased by SH and ATB. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that ATB shifted the microbiota structure drastically, and significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Faecalibacterium genera. But SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, and only increased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella genus. Conclusion Our work demonstrated that though SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, it markedly reduced the fecal E. coli population, and improved growth and innate immunity in piglets. Our finding suggested that SH could be an alternative to ATB in piglet feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinsheng Jin
- Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Nanxun District, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxi Huo
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Hangzhou Zhengxing Animal Husbandry co. LTD, Linan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yougui Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sodium Propionate. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083026. [PMID: 32344758 PMCID: PMC7215993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major end-products of dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which have been shown to modulate host metabolism via effects on metabolic pathways at different tissue sites. Several studies showed the inhibitory effects of sodium propionate (SP) on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. We carried out an in vitro model of inflammation on the J774-A1 cell line, by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and H2O2, followed by the pre-treatment with SP at 0.1, 1 mM and 10 mM. To evaluate the effect on acute inflammation and superoxide anion-induced pain, we performed a model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced rat paw inflammation and intraplantar injection of KO2 where rats received SP orally (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). SP decreased in concentration-dependent-manner the expression of cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) following LPS stimulation. SP was able to enhance anti-oxidant enzyme production such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) following H2O2 stimulation. In in vivo models, SP (30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced paw inflammation and tissue damage after CAR and KO2 injection. Our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of SP; therefore, we propose that SP may be an effective strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Sánchez-Tapia M, Hernández-Velázquez I, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Granados-Portillo O, Gálvez A, R Tovar A, Torres N. Consumption of Cooked Black Beans Stimulates a Cluster of Some Clostridia Class Bacteria Decreasing Inflammatory Response and Improving Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041182. [PMID: 32340138 PMCID: PMC7230233 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on the effect of black beans (BB) as a source of protein and resistant starch on the intestinal microbiota. The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of cooked black beans with and without high fat and sugar (HF + S) in the diet on body composition, energy expenditure, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, NF-κB, occluding and insulin signaling in a rat model and the area under the curve for glucose, insulin and incretins in healthy subjects. The consumption of BB reduced the percentage of body fat, the area under the curve of glucose, serum leptin, LPS, glucose and insulin concentrations and increased energy expenditure even in the presence of HF + S. These results could be mediated in part by modification of the gut microbiota, by increasing a cluster of bacteria in the Clostridia class, mainly R. bromii, C. eutactus, R. callidus, R. flavefaciens and B. pullicaecorum and by an increase in the concentration of fecal butyrate. In conclusion, the consumption of BB can be recommended to prevent insulin resistance and metabolic endotoxemia by modifying the gut microbiota. Finally, the groups fed BB showed lower abundance of hepatic FMO-3, even with a high-fat diet protecting against the production of TMAO and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-T.); (E.P.-O.); (O.G.-P.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Irma Hernández-Velázquez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 0410, Mexico; (I.H.-V.); (A.G.)
| | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-T.); (E.P.-O.); (O.G.-P.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-T.); (E.P.-O.); (O.G.-P.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Amanda Gálvez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 0410, Mexico; (I.H.-V.); (A.G.)
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-T.); (E.P.-O.); (O.G.-P.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-T.); (E.P.-O.); (O.G.-P.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5655-3038s
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Effects of oral butyrate and inulin supplementation on inflammation-induced pyroptosis pathway in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cytokine 2020; 131:155101. [PMID: 32315958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pyroptosis, a form of inflammatory programmed cell death, is activated in diabetic patients. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily consumption of sodium butyrate (NaBut) and high-performance (HP) inulin supplementation, individually or in combination, on the expression of pyroptosis-related genes, microRNA (miR) 146a-5p, miR-9-5p and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS In this study, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical involving sixty patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants received 600 mg/d of NaBut (group A), 10 g/d of HP inulin (group B), 600 mg/d of NaBut + 10 g/d of HP inulin (group C) or placebo (group D) for 45 consecutive days. We assessed the pyroptosis-related genes mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as the plasmatic levels of miR-146a and miR-9 before and after the intervention. Moreover, blood samples of the patients at baseline and following the intervention were tested for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (identifier: IRCT201605262017N29; https://www.irct.ir/). RESULTS Following butyrate supplementation, the relative expression levels of TLR2/4, NF-κB1, Caspase-1, NLRP3, IL-1β & IL-18 were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, butyrate and concomitant use of butyrate and inulin caused a significant increase in the fold change of miR-146a and miR-9 compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the changes in total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.047) and superoxide dismutase (p = 0.006) were significantly increased after butyrate and concomitant use of butyrate and inulin supplement, respectively. CONCLUSION In summary, the change in expression level of miR-146a-5p and miR-9-5p due to butyrate supplementation may have a pivotal role in alleviating of diabetes via inhibiting pyroptosis by targeting TLR2 and NF-κB1. These microRNAs might be considered as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes but further researches is required to prove the link.
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Xing YY, Li KN, Xu YQ, Wu YZ, Shi LL, Guo SW, Yan SM, Jin X, Shi BL. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharide on growth performance, feacal microbiota, immune response and antioxidant capability in weaned piglets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1732394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Xing
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-nan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-qing Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-zhao Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-lu Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-wei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-mei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-lin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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Toya T, Corban MT, Marrietta E, Horwath IE, Lerman LO, Murray JA, Lerman A. Coronary artery disease is associated with an altered gut microbiome composition. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227147. [PMID: 31995569 PMCID: PMC6988937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gut microbiome composition has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. To identify specific bacterial communities associated with coronary artery diseases (CAD), we conducted a case-control study with 53 advanced CAD patients and 53 age-, sex-, race-, and BMI-matched controls. V3-V5 regions of the 16S rDNA from the fecal gut material were analyzed to compare the gut microbiome composition between CAD patients and controls. The alpha diversity, including Chao-1, Shannon-index, and the number of observed taxonomy units were significantly decreased in CAD patients indicating, decreased richness and evenness of gut microbiome. Among 23 different abundant taxa at the genus level, 12 taxa belonged to Lachnospiraceae family, which are known to produce butyrate. Further, we identified five taxa which showed more than two log-fold changes with maximum proportion >0.002, including Ruminococcus gnavus, Lachnospiraceae anaerosporobacter, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, and Ruminococcus gauvreauii. After adjustment for coronary risk factors (diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia), decreased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcus Gauvreauii and increased relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus were associated with the presence of advanced CAD. The observed differences in taxa between CAD patients and controls in this study may provide insight into the link between the gut microbiome and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michel T. Corban
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Eric Marrietta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Irina E. Horwath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Murray
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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112
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Tu P, Bian X, Chi L, Xue J, Gao B, Lai Y, Ru H, Lu K. Metabolite Profiling of the Gut Microbiome in Mice with Dietary Administration of Black Raspberries. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1318-1325. [PMID: 32010801 PMCID: PMC6990444 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has linked gut microbiome to health benefits of various functional foods. We previously reported that administration of a diet rich in black raspberry (BRB) changed the composition and diverse functional pathways in the mouse gut microbiome. To further characterize the functional profile in the gut microbiome of mice on BRB diet, in this follow-up study, we examined the metabolome differences in the gut microbiome driven by BRB consumption via targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches. A distinct metabolite profile was observed in the gut microbiome of the mice on BRB diet, likely resulting from a combination of microbiome functional changes and unique precursors in BRBs. A number of functional metabolites, such as tetrahydrobiopterin and butyrate that were significantly increased in the gut microbiome may be linked to the beneficial health effects of BRB consumption. These findings suggest the important role of the gut microbiome in the health effects of BRBs and provide a connection among the health benefits of functional foods and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Tu
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xiaoming Bian
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bei Gao
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department
of Population Health and Pathobiology, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Filippone A, Lanza M, Campolo M, Casili G, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Protective effect of sodium propionate in Aβ 1-42 -induced neurotoxicity and spinal cord trauma. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107977. [PMID: 32004548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium propionate (SP) is one of the main short chain fatty acids (SCFA) that can be produced naturally through host metabolic pathways. SP have been documented and include the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators in an in vivo model of colitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of SP in reducing inflammatory process associated to neurological disorders. We performed both in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease, induced by oligomeric Aβ1-42 stimulation, and in in vivo model of spinal cord injury (SCI) in which neuroinflammation plays a crucial role. For in vitro model, the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was first differentiated with retinoic acid (100 μM) for 24 h and then stimulated by oligomeric Aβ1-42 (1 μg/ml) and treated with SP at 0.1- 1-10 μM concentrations for another 24 h. Instead, the in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord at T6-T8 levels, and animals were treated with SP (10-30-100 mg/kg o.s) 1 and 6 h after SCI. Our results demonstrated that both in in vitro neuroinflammatory model and in vivo model of SCI the treatment with SP significantly reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation, as well as decreases COX-2 and iNOS expressions evaluated by Western blot analysis. Moreover, we showed that SP treatment significantly ameliorated histopathology changes and improved motor recovery in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SP possesses neuroprotective effects, suggesting it could represent a target for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - M Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - M Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - G Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - I Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, USA.
| | - E Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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Gurung M, Li Z, You H, Rodrigues R, Jump DB, Morgun A, Shulzhenko N. Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102590. [PMID: 31901868 PMCID: PMC6948163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 821] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of literature has provided evidence for the role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, reports vary regarding the association of particular taxonomic groups with disease. In this systematic review, we focused on the potential role of different bacterial taxa affecting diabetes. We have summarized evidence from 42 human studies reporting microbial associations with disease, and have identified supporting preclinical studies or clinical trials using treatments with probiotics. Among the commonly reported findings, the genera of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia and Roseburia were negatively associated with T2D, while the genera of Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium, and Blautia were positively associated with T2D. We also discussed potential molecular mechanisms of microbiota effects in the onset and progression of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gurung
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hannah You
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Richard Rodrigues
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Donald B Jump
- Colleges of Public Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Ferrer-Picón E, Dotti I, Corraliza AM, Mayorgas A, Esteller M, Perales JC, Ricart E, Masamunt MC, Carrasco A, Tristán E, Esteve M, Salas A. Intestinal Inflammation Modulates the Epithelial Response to Butyrate in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:43-55. [PMID: 31211831 PMCID: PMC6905302 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyrate-producing gut bacteria are reduced in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), supporting the hypothesis that butyrate supplementation may be beneficial in this setting. Nonetheless, earlier studies suggest that the oxidation of butyrate in IBD patients is altered. We propose that inflammation may decrease epithelial butyrate consumption. METHODS Non-IBD controls and IBD patients were recruited for the study. Stool samples were used for short-chain fatty acid and bacterial butyryl CoA:acetate CoA-transferase quantification. Colonic biopsies and ex vivo differentiated epithelial organoids (d-EpOCs) treated with butyrate and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were used for analyzing the expression of transporters MCT1 and ABCG2, metabolic enzyme ACADS, and butyrate receptor GPR43, and for butyrate metabolism and consumption assays. RESULTS We observed that lower stool content of butyrate-producing bacteria in active IBD patients did not correlate with decreased butyrate concentrations. Indeed, the intestinal epithelial expression of MCT1, ABCG2, ACADS, and GPR43 was altered in active IBD patients. Nonetheless, d-EpOCs derived from IBD patients showed SLC16A1 (gene encoding for MCT1 protein), ABCG2, ACADS, and GPR43 expression levels comparable to controls. Moreover, IBD- and non-IBD-derived d-EpOCs responded similarly to butyrate, as assessed by transcriptional regulation. TNFα significantly altered SLC16A1, ABCG2, and GPR43 transcription in d-EpOCs, mimicking the expression profile observed in biopsies from active IBD patients and resulting in reduced butyrate consumption. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that the response to butyrate is not intrinsically altered in IBD patients. However, TNFα renders the epithelium less responsive to this metabolite, defeating the purpose of butyrate supplementation during active inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ferrer-Picón
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Corraliza
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esteller
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Perales
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Tristán
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,Address correspondence to: Azucena Salas, Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain ()
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Zhang J, Xie Q, Kong W, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhao K, Chen Y, Liu X, Liu L. Short-chain fatty acids oppositely altered expressions and functions of intestinal cytochrome P4503A and P-glycoprotein and affected pharmacokinetics of verapamil following oral administration to rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 72:448-460. [PMID: 31863502 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on expressions and functions of intestinal cytochrome P4503A (Cyp3a) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). To develop a semi-physiologically based pharmacokinetic (semi-PBPK) model for assessing their contributions. METHODS Verapamil pharmacokinetics was investigated following oral administration to rats receiving water containing 150 mm SCFAs for 3 weeks. Cyp3a activities in intestinal and liver mircosomes were assessed by norverapamil formation. In-situ single-pass perfusion was used to evaluate intestinal transport of verapamil and P-gp function. Functions and expressions of Cyp3a and P-gp were measured in mouse primary enterocytes following 48-h exposure to SCFAs. Contributions of intestinal P-gp and Cyp3a to verapamil pharmacokinetics were assessed using a semi-PBPK model. KEY FINDINGS Short-chain fatty acids significantly increased oral plasma exposures of verapamil and norverapamil. SCFAs upregulated Cyp3a activity and expression, but downregulated P-gp function and expression in rat intestine, which were repeated in mouse primary enterocytes. PBPK simulation demonstrated contribution of intestinal Cyp3a to oral plasma verapamil exposure was minor, and the increased oral plasma verapamil exposure was mainly attributed to downregulation of intestinal P-gp. CONCLUSIONS Short-chain fatty acids oppositely regulated functions and expressions of intestinal Cyp3a and P-gp. The downregulation of P-gp mainly contributed to the increased oral plasma verapamil exposure by SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiushi Xie
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijing Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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The menstrual cycle may not be limited to the endometrium but also may impact gut permeability. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019; 31:294-304. [PMID: 31364524 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between IgA responses to Gram-negative gut commensal bacteria and peri-menstrual symptoms and sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual symptoms. METHODS Forty women aged 18-45 years completed the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) during all 28 consecutive days of the menstrual cycle. We assayed, in plasma, IgA responses to six Gram-negative bacteria, that is, Hafnei alvei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas putida and Citobacter koseri, progesterone and oestradiol at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS Significant changes in Δ (actual - 1 week earlier) IgA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the six Gram-negative bacteria during the menstrual cycle were observed with peak IgA levels at T4 (day 28) and lows at T1 or T2 (day 7 or 14). The ΔIgA changes in H. alvei, M. Morganii, P. putida during the menstrual cycle were significantly and positively associated with changes in the total DRSP score, and severity of physio-somatic, anxiety and breast-craving, but not depressive, symptoms. The changes in IgA responses to LPS were largely predicted by changes in progesterone and steady-state levels of progesterone averaged over the luteal phase. DISCUSSION Menstrual cycle-associated changes in IgA directed against LPS and by inference bacterial translocation may be driven by the effects of progesterone on transcellular, paracellular and vascular pathways (leaky gut) thereby contributing to the severity of physio-somatic and anxiety symptoms as well as fatigue, breast swelling and food cravings.
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Theodoro SDS, Putarov TC, Tiemi C, Volpe LM, de Oliveira CAF, Glória MBDA, Carciofi AC. Effects of the solubility of yeast cell wall preparations on their potential prebiotic properties in dogs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225659. [PMID: 31765439 PMCID: PMC6878821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of yeast cell wall (YCW) have been studied for their potential prebiotic effects. Recently, new purified and soluble preparations have been developed in an attempt to increase their biological actions. Two YCW preparations, one conventional and another with higher solubility of the mannan oligosaccharide fraction, were evaluated on dogs. One food formulation was used, divided into the following treatments: CON-control, without yeast cell wall addition; YCW-addition of 0.3% of a conventional yeas cell wall extract; YCWs-addition of 0.3% of a yeast cell wall extract with high mannan oligosaccharide solubility. Twenty-four beagle dogs were used, eight per food, distributed on a block design. Blocks lasted 32 days, and TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by peripheral neutrophils and monocytes, phagocytic index, and fecal IgA were evaluated at the beginning and end of each period. Additionally, nutrient digestibility, feces production and quality, and fermentation products were quantified. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P<0.05), using the basal immunological parameters as a covariate. The inclusion of YCWs reduced fat digestibility (P<0.05), increased the concentration of butyrate and putrescine, and reduced lactate in feces (P<0.05), showing that mannan oligosaccharide solubilization resulted in higher fermentation of this compound and altered the metabolism of the gut microbiota. Lower IL-6 on serum was verified for dogs fed the YCWs diet (P<0.05), suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory activity of dogs. Higher phagocytic index was verified for peripheral monocytes after the intake of the YCW food, suggesting better innate immunity. In conclusion, the solubilization of the mannooligosaccharide fraction alters its interaction with gut microbiota and biological actions in animals, although both yeast cell wall preparations exhibited prebiotic effects on dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie de Souza Theodoro
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila Cristina Putarov
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tiemi
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Mantovani Volpe
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Sun D, Mao S, Zhu W, Liu J. Effects of starter feeding on caecal mucosal bacterial composition and expression of genes involved in immune and tight junctions in pre-weaned twin lambs. Anaerobe 2019; 59:167-175. [PMID: 31302308 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of starter feeding on caecal mucosal bacterial composition and the expression of genes involved in immune and tight junctions in pre-weaned lambs. Six pairs of new-born twin lambs were selected. From 10 days of age, one lamb of each pair received ewe's milk only (M group, n = 6), while the other one was fed ewe's milk plus starter feed (M + S group, n = 6). At 56 days of age, the lambs were sacrificed, and then cecum digesta was collected to measure pH values and concentrations of volatile fatty acid (VFA), and caecal mucosa were collected to determine the changes in bacterial communities and the mRNA expression of cytokines, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and tight junction proteins. The results showed the body weight and average daily gain were not significantly different between both groups. Starter feeding significantly (P < 0.05) increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate; the proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate to total concentrations of VFA; and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate in caecal contents. Principal coordinate analysis showed that samples from the M + S group could be distinguished from those from the M group; starter feeding also increased the diversity of caecal mucosal bacteria. At the genus level, starter feeding significantly (FDR < 0.05) increased the relative abundance of Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Parasutterella and Butyricimonas, and caused a decreasing trend (FDR < 0.10) in the relative abundance of Campylobacter and Helicobacter. The real-time PCR results showed that starter feeding significantly (FDR < 0.05) decreased the relative mRNA expression level of IL-12, TNF-α and TLR4 and increased the relative mRNA expression level of claudin-4. These results indicate that starter feeding altered caecal mucosal bacterial communities and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors, which may be beneficial in alleviating the weaning stress of lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Fassatoui M, Lopez-Siles M, Díaz-Rizzolo DA, Jmel H, Naouali C, Abdessalem G, Chikhaoui A, Nadal B, Jamoussi H, Abid A, Gomis R, Abdelhak S, Martinez-Medina M, Kefi R. Gut microbiota imbalances in Tunisian participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182348. [PMID: 31147456 PMCID: PMC6579978 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and host's metabolism. We aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of Tunisian participants with and without diabetes.We enrolled ten participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), ten patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 11 subjects without diabetes. Bacteria was quantified in fecal samples by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Statistical tests and multivariate analysis were performed using RStudio program.Results showed that the proportions of Firmicutes, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P≤0.041), as well as, the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased in participants with T1DM compared with those without diabetes (p = 0.036). Participants with T2DM presented a reduction in the amounts of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii compared with those without diabetes (P≤0.036). Furthermore, A. muciniphila is negatively correlated with glucose level (P=0.022) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P=0.035). Multivariate analysis revealed that participants with diabetes formed a cluster apart compared with those without diabetes.In conclusion the gut bacteria of Tunisian participants with diabetes was altered. The gut bacterial profile, especially the distribution of A muciniphila in participants with diabetes was affected by glycemic dysregulation. The investigation of the gut microbiota may help clinicians to improve diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Fassatoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, BP n° 94, Rommana, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mireia Lopez-Siles
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Diana A Díaz-Rizzolo
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigations Biomèdiques, August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona Spain
| | - Haifa Jmel
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Naouali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, BP n° 94, Rommana, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghaith Abdessalem
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, BP n° 94, Rommana, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, BP n° 94, Rommana, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Belén Nadal
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigations Biomèdiques, August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona Spain
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Nutritional Diseases A, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, 11, Rue Djebel Lakhdar, Bab Saâdoun, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Abid
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of External Consultation, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, 11, Rue Djebel Lakhdar, Bab Saâdoun, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigations Biomèdiques, August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona Spain
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, BP n° 94, Rommana, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Margarita Martinez-Medina
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P.74, 1002, Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, BP n° 94, Rommana, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
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Freire R, Ingano L, Serena G, Cetinbas M, Anselmo A, Sapone A, Sadreyev RI, Fasano A, Senger S. Human gut derived-organoids provide model to study gluten response and effects of microbiota-derived molecules in celiac disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7029. [PMID: 31065051 PMCID: PMC6505524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten exposure. The contribution of the adaptive immune response to CD pathogenesis has been extensively studied, but the absence of valid experimental models has hampered our understanding of the early steps leading to loss of gluten tolerance. Using intestinal organoids developed from duodenal biopsies from both non-celiac (NC) and celiac (CD) patients, we explored the contribution of gut epithelium to CD pathogenesis and the role of microbiota-derived molecules in modulating the epithelium’s response to gluten. When compared to NC, RNA sequencing of CD organoids revealed significantly altered expression of genes associated with gut barrier, innate immune response, and stem cell functions. Monolayers derived from CD organoids exposed to gliadin showed increased intestinal permeability and enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to NC controls. Microbiota-derived bioproducts butyrate, lactate, and polysaccharide A improved barrier function and reduced gliadin-induced cytokine secretion. We concluded that: (1) patient-derived organoids faithfully express established and newly identified molecular signatures characteristic of CD. (2) microbiota-derived bioproducts can be used to modulate the epithelial response to gluten. Finally, we validated the use of patient-derived organoids monolayers as a novel tool for the study of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Freire
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Ingano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Serena
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,PatientsLikeMe, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Sapone
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Translational Research and Early Clinical (TREC), GI, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Senger
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Dai J, Yang P, Xu W, Ai Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Mai K. Sodium butyrate supplementation in high-soybean meal diets for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): Effects on inflammatory status, mucosal barriers and microbiota in the intestine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:65-75. [PMID: 30840856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (NaBT) on the intestinal health of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), in terms of inflammatory status, mucosal barriers and microbiota. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were used: (1) fish meal based group (FM); (2) soybean meal group (SBM), soy protein replacing 40% fish meal protein in FM; (3) NaBT group, 0.2% NaBT supplemented in SBM. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks (30 fish in each tank). The current results showed that 0.2% dietary NaBT improved the growth performance of fish and alleviated the enteropathy, increasing the absorptive surface and mitigating the infiltration of mixed leukocytes in lamina propria. Fish fed the NaBT diet presented increased activities of intestinal brush border enzyme and similar nutrient digestibility with the FM group. Compared to SBM, the inclusion of 0.2% NaBT in diet significantly up-regulated the intestinal gene expression of tight junction proteins and down-regulated the gene expression of TNF-α and NF-κB. The gut microbial communities of the NaBT group were closer to the FM group than to the SBM group, in terms of PCoA, UPGMA and Heatmap analyses based on weighted Unifrac distance. The relative abundance of several dominant bacteria at the phylum (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus and Actinobacteria) and genus level (Thermus, Acinetobacter, Bacteroides and Silanimonas) were altered by dietary NaBT. In conclusion, dietary NaBT had positive roles in protecting the intestinal health of turbot from the impairment of soybean meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Zhichu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jihong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Pei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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Katsidzira L, Ocvirk S, Wilson A, Li J, Mahachi CB, Soni D, DeLany J, Nicholson JK, Zoetendal EG, O’Keefe SJD. Differences in Fecal Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Bile Acids Link Colorectal Cancer Risk to Dietary Changes Associated with Urbanization Among Zimbabweans. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1313-1324. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1602659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Katsidzira
- Department of Medicine College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - S. Ocvirk
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J. Li
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Institution of Global Health Innovation Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C. B. Mahachi
- Department of Physiology College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - D. Soni
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J. DeLany
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J. K. Nicholson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Institution of Global Health Innovation Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E. G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S. J. D. O’Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Luo Q, Xu J, Huang C, Lei X, Cheng D, Liu W, Cheng A, Tang L, Fang J, Ou Y, Geng Y, Chen Z. Impacts of Duck-Origin Parvovirus Infection on Cherry Valley Ducklings From the Perspective of Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:624. [PMID: 30984145 PMCID: PMC6450226 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck-origin goose parvovirus (D-GPV) is the causative agent of beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS), characterized by growth retardation, skeletal dysplasia, and persistent diarrhea. However, the pathogenic mechanism of D-GPV remains undefined. Here, we first reported the gut microbiome diversity of D-GPV infected Cherry Valley ducks. In the investigation for the influence of D-GPV infection on gut microbiota through a period of infection, we found that D-GPV infection caused gut microbiota dysbiosis by reducing the prevalence of the dominant genera and decreasing microbial diversity. Furthermore, exfoliation of the intestinal epithelium, proliferation of lymphocytes, up-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-22 and down-regulated mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-4 occurred when D-GPV targeted in cecal epithelium. In addition, the content of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal contents was significantly reduced after D-GPV infection. Importantly, the disorder of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was associated with the decrease of SCFAs-producing bacteria and the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens. Collectively, the decrease of SCFAs and the enrichment of pathogen-containing gut communities promoted intestinal inflammatory injury. These results may provide a new insight that target the gut microbiota to understand the progression of BADS disease and to research the pathogenic mechanism of D-GPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangping Ou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Role of SCFAs in gut microbiome and glycolysis for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17023-17049. [PMID: 30888065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with altered intestinal microbiota as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction of output The energy source of colon cells relies mainly on three SCFAs, namely butyrate (BT), propionate, and acetate, while CRC transformed cells rely mainly on aerobic glycolysis to provide energy. This review summarizes recent research results for dysregulated glucose metabolism of SCFAs, which could be initiated by gut microbiome of CRC. Moreover, the relationship between SCFA transporters and glycolysis, which may correlate with the initiation and progression of CRC, are also discussed. Additionally, this review explores the linkage of BT to transport of SCFAs expressions between normal and cancerous colonocyte cell growth for tumorigenesis inhibition in CRC. Furthermore, the link between gut microbiota and SCFAs in the metabolism of CRC, in addition, the proteins and genes related to SCFAs-mediated signaling pathways, coupled with their correlation with the initiation and progression of CRC are also discussed. Therefore, targeting the SCFA transporters to regulate lactate generation and export of BT, as well as applying SCFAs or gut microbiota and natural compounds for chemoprevention may be clinically useful for CRCs treatment. Future research should focus on the combination these therapeutic agents with metabolic inhibitors to effectively target the tumor SCFAs and regulate the bacterial ecology for activation of potent anticancer effect, which may provide more effective application prospect for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Impact of molecular interactions with phenolic compounds on food polysaccharides functionality. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:135-181. [PMID: 31445595 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Commercial trends based of the emergence of plant-based functional foods lead to investigate the structure-function relationship of their main bioactive constituents and their interactions in the food matrix and throughout the gastro-intestinal tract. Among these bioactive constituents, dietary polysaccharides and polyphenols have shown to interact at the molecular level and these interactions may have consequences on the polysaccharides physical and nutritional properties. The methods of investigation and mechanisms of interactions between polysaccharides and polyphenols are reviewed in light of their respective technological and nutritional functionalities. Finally, the potential impact of the co-occurrence or co-ingestion of polyphenols and polysaccharides on the technological and nutritional functionality of the polysaccharides are investigated.
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127
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Natural polysaccharides exhibit anti-tumor activity by targeting gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:743-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sasaki H, Kawamura K, Kawamura T, Odamaki T, Katsumata N, Xiao JZ, Suzuki N, Tanaka M. Distinctive subpopulations of the intestinal microbiota are present in women with unexplained chronic anovulation. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 38:570-578. [PMID: 30773302 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do gut microbiota associate with the ovulatory cycle in women showing normogonadotrophic anovulation? In humans, the gut microbiota affects diverse physiological functions and dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) may lead to pathological syndromes. However, there is comparatively little information on the relevance of gut microbiota to reproductive functions in women. Here, a group of women with idiopathic chronic anovulation were examined, who do not exhibit any apparent endocrinological disorder, as they are suitable for investigating the relationship between intestinal bacteria and ovulatory disorders. DESIGN A prospective observational cohort study was performed on two groups of women who did not exhibit apparent endocrinological disorders but showed either irregular menstrual cycles (IMC group) or normal menstrual cycles (controls). The bacterial composition of faeces from rectal swabs from the women was analysed using next-generation sequencing based on bacterial 16SrRNA genes. RESULTS A metagenomic analysis indicated that the two groups of women had significant differences in 28 bacterial taxa in their faeces. Prevotella-enriched microbiomes were more abundant in the IMC group, whereas Clostridiales, Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae (butyrate-producing bacteria) were present at lower levels in the IMC group. CONCLUSIONS Distinctive subpopulations of intestinal microbiota were identified in women with unexplained chronic anovulation. The results indicate that gut microbiota could be associated with ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, -Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Reproduction and Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Reproduction and Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan; Advanced Reproductive Medicine Research Centre, International University Health and Welfare School of Medicine, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita Shi, Chiba 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kawamura
- Denentoshi Ladies Clinic Reproductive Centre, 2-3-10 Aobadai, Aobaku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-0062, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Noriko Katsumata
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Reproduction and Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, -Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Fu X, Liu Z, Zhu C, Mou H, Kong Q. Nondigestible carbohydrates, butyrate, and butyrate-producing bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S130-S152. [PMID: 30580556 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1542587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are fermentation substrates in the colon after escaping digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Among NDCs, resistant starch is not hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylases but can be degraded by enzymes produced by large intestinal bacteria, including clostridia, bacteroides, and bifidobacteria. Nonstarch polysaccharides, such as pectin, guar gum, alginate, arabinoxylan, and inulin fructans, and nondigestible oligosaccharides and their derivatives, can also be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine. Butyrate is one of the most important metabolites produced through gastrointestinal microbial fermentation and functions as a major energy source for colonocytes by directly affecting the growth and differentiation of colonocytes. Moreover, butyrate has various physiological effects, including enhancement of intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. In this review, several representative NDCs are introduced, and their chemical components, structures, and physiological functions, including promotion of the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria and enhancement of butyrate production, are discussed. We also describe the strategies for achieving directional accumulation of colonic butyrate based on endogenous generation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Fu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Haijin Mou
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Qing Kong
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Łoniewski I, Lara LF, Koulaouzidis A, Misera A, Maciejewska D, Marlicz W. A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Evaluating the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections and Surgery-Related Complications. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E556. [PMID: 30558358 PMCID: PMC6307089 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other surgery-related complications (SRCs). Probiotics and synbiotics were found to lower the risk of surgical infections and other surgery-related adverse events. We systematically reviewed the approach based on the administration of probiotics and synbiotics to diminish SSIs/SRCs rates in patients undergoing various surgical treatments and to determine the mechanisms responsible for their effectiveness. A systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the inception of databases to June 2018 for trials in patients undergoing surgery supplemented with pre/pro/synbiotics and randomized to the intervention versus placebo/no treatment and reporting on primarily: (i) putative mechanisms of probiotic/symbiotic action, and secondarily (ii) SSIs and SRCs outcomes. Random-effect model meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of outcomes was done. Thirty-five trials comprising 3028 adult patients were included; interventions were probiotics (n = 16) and synbiotics (n = 19 trials). We found that C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased (SMD: -0.40, 95% CI [-0.79, -0.02], p = 0.041; SMD: -0.41, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.02], p = 0.006, respectively) while concentration of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids were elevated in patients supplemented with probiotics (SMD: 1.78, 95% CI [0.80, 2.76], p = 0.0004; SMD: 0.67, 95% CI [0.37, -0.97], p = 0.00001; SMD: 0.46, 95% CI [0.18, 0.73], p = 0.001, respectively). Meta-analysis confirmed that pro- and synbiotics supplementation was associated with significant reduction in the incidence of SRCs including abdominal distention, diarrhea, pneumonia, sepsis, surgery site infection (including superficial incisional), and urinary tract infection, as well as the duration of antibiotic therapy, duration of postoperative pyrexia, time of fluid introduction, solid diet, and duration of hospital stay (p < 0.05). Probiotics and synbiotics administration counteract SSIs/SRCs via modulating gut-immune response and production of short chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland.
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland.
| | - Luis F Lara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Anastasios Koulaouzidis
- Centre for Liver & Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.
| | - Agata Misera
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland.
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131
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Clostridial Butyrate Biosynthesis Enzymes Are Significantly Depleted in the Gut Microbiota of Nonobese Diabetic Mice. mSphere 2018; 3:3/5/e00492-18. [PMID: 30355671 PMCID: PMC6200989 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00492-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here we sought to determine which gut microbial taxa and functions vary between nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and genetically modified NOD mice protected from T1D (Eα16/NOD) at 10 weeks of age in the time window between insulitis development and T1D onset. The gut microbiota of NOD mice were investigated by analyzing stool samples with a metaproteogenomic approach, comprising both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microbial proteome profiling through high-resolution mass spectrometry. A depletion of Firmicutes (particularly, several members of Lachnospiraceae) in the NOD gut microbiota was observed compared to the level in the Eα16/NOD mice microbiota. Moreover, the analysis of proteins actively produced by the gut microbiota revealed different profiles between NOD and Eα16/NOD mice, with the production of butyrate biosynthesis enzymes being significantly reduced in diabetic mice. Our results support a model for gut microbiota influence on T1D development involving bacterium-produced metabolites as butyrate.IMPORTANCE Alterations of the gut microbiota early in age have been hypothesized to impact T1D autoimmune pathogenesis. In the NOD mouse model, protection from T1D has been found to operate via modulation of the composition of the intestinal microbiota during a critical early window of ontogeny, although little is known about microbiota functions related to T1D development. Here, we show which gut microbial functions are specifically associated with protection from T1D in the time window between insulitis development and T1D onset. In particular, we describe that production of butyrate biosynthesis enzymes is significantly reduced in NOD mice, supporting the hypothesis that modulating the gut microbiota butyrate production may influence T1D development.
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132
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Li Z, Zhu H, Zhang L, Qin C. The intestinal microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: A review. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:180-188. [PMID: 30891563 PMCID: PMC6388077 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. Since the intestinal microbiome is closely related to nervous system diseases, alterations in the composition of intestinal microbiota could potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. However, how the initial interactions with intestinal microbes alter events later in life, such as during neurodegenerative diseases, is still unclear. This review summarizes what is known about the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hua Zhu
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Passmore IJ, Letertre MPM, Preston MD, Bianconi I, Harrison MA, Nasher F, Kaur H, Hong HA, Baines SD, Cutting SM, Swann JR, Wren BW, Dawson LF. Para-cresol production by Clostridium difficile affects microbial diversity and membrane integrity of Gram-negative bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007191. [PMID: 30208103 PMCID: PMC6135563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive spore-forming anaerobe and a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Disruption of the commensal microbiota, such as through treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, is a critical precursor for colonisation by C. difficile and subsequent disease. Furthermore, failure of the gut microbiota to recover colonisation resistance can result in recurrence of infection. An unusual characteristic of C. difficile among gut bacteria is its ability to produce the bacteriostatic compound para-cresol (p-cresol) through fermentation of tyrosine. Here, we demonstrate that the ability of C. difficile to produce p-cresol in vitro provides a competitive advantage over gut bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Metabolic profiling of competitive co-cultures revealed that acetate, alanine, butyrate, isobutyrate, p-cresol and p-hydroxyphenylacetate were the main metabolites responsible for differentiating the parent strain C. difficile (630Δerm) from a defined mutant deficient in p-cresol production. Moreover, we show that the p-cresol mutant displays a fitness defect in a mouse relapse model of C. difficile infection (CDI). Analysis of the microbiome from this mouse model of CDI demonstrates that colonisation by the p-cresol mutant results in a distinctly altered intestinal microbiota, and metabolic profile, with a greater representation of Gammaproteobacteria, including the Pseudomonales and Enterobacteriales. We demonstrate that Gammaproteobacteria are susceptible to exogenous p-cresol in vitro and that there is a clear divide between bacterial Phyla and their susceptibility to p-cresol. In general, Gram-negative species were relatively sensitive to p-cresol, whereas Gram-positive species were more tolerant. This study demonstrates that production of p-cresol by C. difficile has an effect on the viability of intestinal bacteria as well as the major metabolites produced in vitro. These observations are upheld in a mouse model of CDI, in which p-cresol production affects the biodiversity of gut microbiota and faecal metabolite profiles, suggesting that p-cresol production contributes to C. difficile survival and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Passmore
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark D. Preston
- Bioinformatics and Next Generation sequencing core facility, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control South Mimms, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Bianconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Harrison
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fauzy Nasher
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harparkash Kaur
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huynh A. Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Baines
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M. Cutting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W. Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa F. Dawson
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Zhu J, Liao M, Yao Z, Liang W, Li Q, Liu J, Yang H, Ji Y, Wei W, Tan A, Liang S, Chen Y, Lin H, Zhu X, Huang S, Tian J, Tang R, Wang Q, Mo Z. Breast cancer in postmenopausal women is associated with an altered gut metagenome. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:136. [PMID: 30081953 PMCID: PMC6080540 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The composition and functional capacity of gut microbiota associated with breast cancer have not been studied systematically. METHODS We performed a comprehensive shotgun metagenomic analysis of 18 premenopausal breast cancer patients, 25 premenopausal healthy controls, 44 postmenopausal breast cancer patients, and 46 postmenopausal healthy controls. RESULTS Microbial diversity was higher in breast cancer patients than in controls. Relative species abundance in gut microbiota did not differ significantly between premenopausal breast cancer patients and premenopausal controls. In contrast, relative abundance of 45 species differed significantly between postmenopausal patients and postmenopausal controls: 38 species were enriched in postmenopausal patients, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp_1_1_55, Prevotella amnii, Enterococcus gallinarum, Actinomyces sp. HPA0247, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Erwinia amylovora, and 7 species were less abundant in postmenopausal patients, including Eubacterium eligens and Lactobacillus vaginalis. Acinetobacter radioresistens and Enterococcus gallinarum were positively but weakly associated with expression of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Shewanella putrefaciens and Erwinia amylovora were positively but weakly associated with estradiol levels. Actinomyces sp. HPA0247 negatively but weakly correlated with CD3+CD8+ T cell numbers. Further characterization of metagenome functional capacity indicated that the gut metagenomes of postmenopausal breast cancer patients were enriched in genes encoding lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, iron complex transport system, PTS system, secretion system, and beta-oxidation. CONCLUSION The composition and functions of the gut microbial community differ between postmenopausal breast cancer patients and healthy controls. The gut microbiota may regulate or respond to host immunity and metabolic balance. Thus, while cause and effect cannot be determined, there is a reproducible change in the microbiota of treatment-naive patients relative to matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziting Yao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenying Liang
- Clabee Genomics, Urban Garden Building, Bookstore Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Clabee Genomics, Urban Garden Building, Bookstore Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huawei Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinan Ji
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Aihua Tan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Siyuan Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haisong Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengzhu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiarong Tian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruiqiang Tang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Xiao T, Wu S, Yan C, Zhao C, Jin H, Yan N, Xu J, Wu Y, Li C, Shao Q, Xia S. Butyrate upregulates the TLR4 expression and the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NK-κB in colon cancer cell in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4439-4447. [PMID: 30214578 PMCID: PMC6126326 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota and its induced inflammation in colorectal mucosa have been considered risk factors for the development of colorectal carcinogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that the coexisting elements of microbiota in the gut, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which exhibited regulatory effects on the intestinal epithelial cells individually. Unfortunately, the association between butyrate and the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in the development of colon cancer is not fully elucidated. In the present study, by culturing human colon cancer SW480 cells or mouse colon cancer CT26 cells with butyrate and/or TLR4 ligand LPS in vitro, it was identified that butyrate suppressed the growth and promoted apoptosis of these cancer cells. Notably, the expression levels of TLR4 and CD14 were markedly increased on these butyrate-treated cells, but not on LPS-alone treated cells. Additionally, butyrate treatment induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, tumor protein 38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, and then promoted the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α, but not interleukin 6 secretion in SW480 and CT26 cells. Therefore, butyrate treatment regulates the expression of TLR4, mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signal pathway activation and pro-inflammatory response in vitro. Although the exact mechanisms have not been fully explored, these results suggested that butyrate and LPS-TLR4 signaling mediated innate immunity in colon cancer cells through two distinct but inter-regulated pathways. Thus, butyrate can further initiate innate immunity against tumor cells by upregulating the TLR4 expression and activation to preserve intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Shuiyun Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Ci Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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Gum Arabic Fibers Decreased Inflammatory Markers and Disease Severity Score among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Phase II Trial. Int J Rheumatol 2018; 2018:4197537. [PMID: 30112005 PMCID: PMC6077585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4197537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is autoimmune inflammatory disease that attacks the synovium of the joints. Both TNFa and interleukin-1 play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Gum Arabic (GA) is gummy exudates from Acacia senegal tree. Gum Arabic fermentation by colonic bacteria increases serum butyrate concentrations, so it is considered as prebiotic agent. Gum Arabic (GA) has anti-inflammatory activity through its derivative butyrate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to investigate GA intake on inflammatory markers among RA patients. Patients and Methods This is clinical trial phase II in which 40 patients were enrolled aged 18 to 70 years. Patients received 30g/day GA for 12 weeks. TNF α, ESR, and complete blood count were measured and DAS-28 was calculated before and after regular GA consumption. Study was approved by the Ethical committee of National Medicines and Poisons Board. Results This study showed significant decrease in level of serum TNF α (p value 0.05) [95% CI, 0.65 -16.5], ESR (p value 0.011) [95% CI, 2.6 -18.89], and number of swollen and tender joints in RA patients after 12 weeks of GA intake which reflected as significant decrease in disease severity score DAS 28 P.V:0.00 [95% CI, 1.25 -1.99]. On the other hand, GA had trivial change in blood indices. Conclusion Gum Arabic has favorable immune modulator effect on rheumatoid arthritis. It can be utilized in clinical practice as adjuvant therapy. Trial Registration This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02804581 Registered at 19 June 2016, prospective registration.
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Martin-Gallausiaux C, Béguet-Crespel F, Marinelli L, Jamet A, Ledue F, Blottière HM, Lapaque N. Butyrate produced by gut commensal bacteria activates TGF-beta1 expression through the transcription factor SP1 in human intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9742. [PMID: 29950699 PMCID: PMC6021401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota contributes to the global wellbeing of their host by their fundamental role in the induction and maintenance of a healthy immune system. Commensal bacteria shape the mucosal immune system by influencing the proportion and the activation state of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Treg) by metabolites that are still only partially unravelled. Microbiota members such as Clostridiales provide a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-rich environment that promotes the accumulation of Treg cells in the gut. The intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) take a central part in this process, as they are a major source of TGFβ1 upon bacterial colonisation. In this study, we investigated which gut commensal bacteria were able to regulate the TGFB1 human promoter in IECs using supernatants from cultured bacteria. We reported that Firmicutes and Fusobacteria supernatants were the most potent TGFB1 modulators in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that butyrate was the main metabolite in bacterial supernatants accounting for TGFβ1 increase. This butyrate-driven effect was independent of the G-protein coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109a, the transporter MCT1 as well as the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 present on TGFB1 promoter. Interestingly, HDAC inhibitors were inducing a similar TGFB1 increase suggesting that butyrate acted through its HDAC inhibitor properties. Finally, our results showed that SP1 was the main transcription factor mediating the HDAC inhibitor effect of butyrate on TGFB1 expression. This is, to our knowledge, the first characterisation of the mechanisms underlying TGFB1 regulation in IEC by commensal bacteria derived butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Martin-Gallausiaux
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Béguet-Crespel
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludovica Marinelli
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Jamet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Ledue
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hervé M Blottière
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Lapaque
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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138
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Kutsuna R, Tomida J, Morita Y, Kawamura Y. Paraclostridium bifermentans exacerbates pathosis in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197668. [PMID: 29782507 PMCID: PMC5962066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been recognized that intestinal bacteria play an important role in the pathology of human ulcerative colitis (UC), specific pathogenic bacteria for UC have not been identified. We investigated the influence of Paraclostridium bifermentans PAGU1678 strain on the pathology of a UC mouse model and found it increased UC pathosis scores such as loose and bloody stools, reduced diversity of fecal flora, disappearance of the crypt structure of distal colon tissue, destruction of intestinal epithelial cells, and atrophy of the colon. Furthermore, we observed an increase in COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-17 expression and a decrease in Foxp3 and SOCS3 expression, as inflammation-related factors and inflammatory cytokines, a decrease in the concentration of short chain fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) in feces, and an increase of intestinal mucosal myeloperoxidase activity. These results suggest that P. bifermentans PAGU1678 is a pathology-exacerbating factor in a mouse model of UC. This study is the first to demonstrate exacerbation of the pathological condition in a mouse model of UC by a single bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kutsuna
- Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakuin University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Tomida
- Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakuin University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakuin University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakuin University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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139
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Yan R, Yang Y, Chen Y. Pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicines: strategies and perspectives. Chin Med 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 29743935 PMCID: PMC5930430 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicines (CMs) are hampered by increasing concerns on the safety and the efficacy. Pharmacokinetic (PK) study is indispensable to establish concentration-activity/toxicity relationship and facilitate target identification and new drug discovery from CMs. To cope with tremendous challenges rooted from chemical complexity of CMs, the classic PK strategies have evolved rapidly from PK study focusing on marker/main drug components to PK-PD correlation study adopting metabolomics approaches to characterize associations between disposition of global drug-related components and host metabolic network shifts. However, the majority of PK studies of CMs have adopted the approaches tailored for western medicines and focused on the systemic exposures of drug-related components, most of which were found to be too low to account for the holistic benefits of CMs. With an area under concentration-time curve- or activity-weighted approach, integral PK attempts to understand the PK-PD relevance with the integrated PK profile of multiple co-existing structural analogs (prototyes/metabolites). Cellular PK-PD complements traditional PK-PD when drug targets localize inside the cells, instead of at the surface of cell membrane or extracellular space. Considering the validated clinical benefits of CMs, reverse pharmacology-based reverse PK strategy was proposed to facilitate target identification and new drug discovery. Recently, gut microbiota have demonstrated multifaceted roles in drug efficacy/toxicity. In traditional oral intake, the presystemic interactions of CMs with gut microbiota seem inevitable, which can contribute to the holistic benefits of CMs through biotransforming CMs components, acting as the peripheral target, and regulating host drug disposition. Hence, we propose a global PK-PD approach which includes the presystemic interaction of CMs with gut microbiota and combines omics with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to offer a comprehensive understanding of the PK-PD relationship of CMs. Moreover, validated clinical benefits of CMs and poor translational potential of animal PK data urge more research efforts in human PK study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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140
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Thomson P, Medina DA, Ortúzar V, Gotteland M, Garrido D. Anti-inflammatory effect of microbial consortia during the utilization of dietary polysaccharides. Food Res Int 2018; 109:14-23. [PMID: 29803436 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a significant impact on host health, especially at the metabolic level. Dietary compounds arriving at the colon have a large influence on the composition of the gut microbiome. High fiber diets have been associated to health benefits that are mediated in great part by short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Gut microbial interactions are relevant for the utilization of complex carbohydrates in the gut microbiome. In this work we characterized the utilization of two dietary polysaccharides by combinations of representative adult gut microbes, and the impact of their activities on a cellular inflammation model. Paired combinations of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides dorei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli and Clostridium symbiosum were grown in inulin or xylan as carbon source. Their relative abundance, substrate consumption and major SCFAs produced were determined. Higher cell growth was observed during inulin consumption, and B. adolescentis and L. plantarum were dominant in co-cultures. The co-culture of B. dorei and C. symbiosum was dominant in xylan. In several cases the combined bacterial growth was lower in co-cultures than monocultures, with a few exceptions of synergistic growth between microorganisms. Inulin fermentation resulted in larger acetate and lactate concentrations, and several combinations grown in xylan containing C. symbiosum were characterized by high amounts of butyrate. These microbial consortia were scaled to batch bioreactor fermentations reaching high cell densities and similar profiles to co-culture experiments. Interestingly, a microbial combination producing high amounts of butyrate was able to reduce IL-8 expression in HT-29 cells co-incubated with TNFα. In summary, this work shows that microbial interactions during the utilization of dietary polysaccharides are complex and substrate dependent. Moreover, certain combinations deploy potent anti-inflammatory effects, which are independent of individual microbial growth, and could be mediated in part by higher butyrate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Thomson
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile
| | - Verónica Ortúzar
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile.
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141
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Zhan K, Jiang M, Gong X, Zhao G. Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the expression of genes involved in short-chain fatty acid transporters and inflammatory response in goat jejunum epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018. [PMID: 29532321 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fibers are utilized by intestinal epithelial cells to provide an energy source for the ruminant. Although the regulation of mRNA expression and inflammatory response involved in SCFAs is established in other animals and tissues, the underlying mechanisms of the inflammatory response by SCFAs in goat jejunum epithelial cells (GJECs) have not been understood. Therefore, the objective of the study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of SCFAs on SCFA transporters and inflammatory response in GJECs. These results showed that the acetate, butyrate, and SCFA concentration were markedly reduced in GJECs (p < 0.01). In addition, the propionate concentration was significantly decreased in GJECs (p < 0.05). The mRNA abundance of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), MCT4, NHE1, and putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1) was elevated (p < 0.05) by 20 mM SCFAs at pH 7.4 compared with exposure to the pH group. The anion exchanger 2 (AE2) was increased (p < 0.05) by 20 mM SCFAs at pH 6.2. The mRNA abundance of vH+ ATPase B subunit (vH+ ATPase) was attenuated by SCFAs. For inflammatory responses, IL-1β and TNF-α were increased with SCFAs (p < 0.05). In addition, IκBα involved in NF-κB signaling pathways was disrupted by SCFAs. Consistently, p-p65 signaling molecule was enhanced by adding SCFAs. However, IL-6 was attenuated by adding SCFAs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, p-ErK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was downregulated by adding SCFAs. In conclusion, these novel findings demonstrated that mRNA abundance involved in SCFA absorption is probably associated to SCFAs and pH value, and mechanism of the inflammatory response by SCFAs may be involved in NF-κB and p-ErK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways in GJECs. These pathways may mediate protective inflammation response in GJECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - MaoCheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gong
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - GuoQi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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142
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Yuan L, Li W, Huo Q, Du C, Wang Z, Yi B, Wang M. Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide and flavomycin on the immune function of broiler chickens. PeerJ 2018. [PMID: 29527412 PMCID: PMC5842763 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and flavomycin (FLA) on the performance and immune function of broiler chickens. A total of 150 ArborAcres broilers were randomly divided into three groups and fed for six weeks from one day of age in cascade cages. The diets of each test group were (1) a basal diet, (2) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg FLA, and (3) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg XOS. At 21 and 42 days, the growth performance index values and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the cecum were quantified. Furthermore, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as mRNA expression of LPS-Induced TNF-alpha Factor (LITAF), Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) and interferon gamma (IFNγ ) in the jejunum were quantified. The results showed that administration of XOS or FLA to chickens significantly improved the average daily gain. Supplementation with XOS increased acetate and butyrate in the cecum, while FLA supplementation increased propionate in the cecum. An increase in plasma IgG was observed in XOS-fed 21-day-old broilers, but FLA supplementation decreased IgG in the plasma of 42-day-old broilers and increased plasma IL-2. Furthermore, FLA or XOS supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of IFNγ , LITAF and TLR5. The above data suggest that addition of XOS and FLA to the diet could improve the growth performance of broilers and reduce the expression of cytokine genes by stimulating SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Huo
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenhong Du
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baodi Yi
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingfa Wang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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143
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Limketkai BN, Wolf A, Parian AM. Nutritional Interventions in the Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2018; 47:155-177. [PMID: 29413010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional strategies have been explored as primary or adjunct therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Exclusive enteral nutrition is effective for the induction of remission in Crohn disease and is recommended as a first-line therapy for children. Dietary strategies focus on adjusting the ratio of consumed nutrients that are proinflammatory or antiinflammatory. Treatments with dietary supplements focus on the antiinflammatory effects of the individual supplements (eg, curcumin, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D) or their positive effects on the intestinal microbiome (eg, prebiotics, probiotics). This article discusses the role of diets and dietary supplements in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkeley N Limketkai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway M211, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alyssa M Parian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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144
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Kim N, Yun M, Oh YJ, Choi HJ. Mind-altering with the gut: Modulation of the gut-brain axis with probiotics. J Microbiol 2018; 56:172-182. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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145
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The effects of sodium butyrate and high-performance inulin supplementation on the promotion of gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila growth and alterations in miR-375 and KLF5 expression in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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146
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Zou S, Fang L, Lee MH. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in promoting the development of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2018; 6:1-12. [PMID: 29479437 PMCID: PMC5806407 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gox031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiome, containing at least 100 trillion bacteria, resides in the mucosal surface of human intestine. Recent studies show that perturbations in the microbiota may influence physiology and link to a number of diseases, including colon tumorigenesis. Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer, is the disease resulting from multi-genes and multi-factors, but the mechanistic details between gut microenvironment and CRC remain poorly characterized. Thanks to new technologies such as metagenome sequencing, progress in large-scale analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of gut microbial has been possible, which has facilitated studies about microbiota composition, taxonomic alterations and host interactions. Different bacterial species and their metabolites play critical roles in the development of CRC. Also, microbiota is important in the inflammatory response and immune processes deregulation during the development and progression of CRC. This review summarizes current studies regarding the association between gastrointestinal microbiota and the development of CRC, which provides insights into the therapeutic strategy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Zou
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
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147
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Roychowdhury S, Cadnum J, Glueck B, Obrenovich M, Donskey C, Cresci GAM. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a Prebiotic Protect Intestinal Health in a Mouse Model of Antibiotic and Clostridium difficile Exposure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:1156-1167. [PMID: 29385239 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile (CD) infection (CDI) increases patient morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Antibiotic treatment induces gut dysbiosis and is both a major risk factor for CD colonization and treatment of CDI. Probiotics have been trialed to support commensal gut microbiota and reduce CDI. This study investigated commensal microbe Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP) and a prebiotic, both known to yield butyrate and be anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, on CD colonization and gut integrity in mice. METHODS Mice were randomly grouped and supplemented daily with FP, prebiotic, FP + prebiotic, FP/prebiotic supernatant, or saline throughout the entire study. Following treatment with clindamycin for 3 days, mice were exposed to CD. Feces were collected at baseline, the day after antibiotic, and 1, 3, and 5 days after CD exposure and cultured for bacterial overgrowth and CD colonization. On days 1 and 5 after CD exposure, mice were randomly euthanized, and proximal colon was dissected for histological analysis and preparation of RNA for analysis of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Although all mice exhibited bacterial overgrowth and CD colonization, bacterial burden resolved quicker in the FP + prebiotic group. This was associated with induction and resolution of innate immune responses, anion exchanger, and tight junction protein preservation in proximal colon. CD toxin virulence potential was questionable as expression of CD toxin B receptor was depleted in the FP + prebiotic group. CONCLUSION Supplementation with anti-inflammatory butyrate-supporting commensal bacteria and prebiotic may support innate immune responses and minimize bacterial burden and negative effects during antibiotic and CD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Cadnum
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan Glueck
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Obrenovich
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Curtis Donskey
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Institute, Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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148
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Ananthakrishnan AN, Luo C, Yajnik V, Khalili H, Garber JJ, Stevens BW, Cleland T, Xavier RJ. Gut Microbiome Function Predicts Response to Anti-integrin Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:603-610.e3. [PMID: 28494241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a central role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) pathogenesis and propagation. To determine whether the gut microbiome may predict responses to IBD therapy, we conducted a prospective study with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) patients initiating anti-integrin therapy (vedolizumab). Disease activity and stool metagenomes at baseline, and weeks 14, 30, and 54 after therapy initiation were assessed. Community α-diversity was significantly higher, and Roseburia inulinivorans and a Burkholderiales species were more abundant at baseline among CD patients achieving week 14 remission. Several significant associations were identified with microbial function; 13 pathways including branched chain amino acid synthesis were significantly enriched in baseline samples from CD patients achieving remission. A neural network algorithm, vedoNet, incorporating microbiome and clinical data, provided highest classifying power for clinical remission. We hypothesize that the trajectory of early microbiome changes may be a marker of response to IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chengwei Luo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John J Garber
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Thomas Cleland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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149
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Omics of bifidobacteria: research and insights into their health-promoting activities. Biochem J 2017; 474:4137-4152. [PMID: 29212851 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Bifidobacterium include gut commensals that are particularly abundant among the microbial communities residing in the gut of healthy breast-fed infants, where their presence has been linked to many beneficial host effects. Next-generation DNA sequencing and comparative and functional genome methodologies have been shown to be particularly useful in exploring the diversity of this genus. These combined approaches have allowed the identification of genetic features related to bifidobacterial establishment in the gut, involving host-microbe as well as microbe-microbe interactions. Among these, proteinaceous structures, which protrude from the bacterial surface, i.e. pili or fimbriae, and exopolysaccharidic cell surface layers or capsules represent crucial features that assist in their colonization and persistence in the gut. As bifidobacteria are colonizers of the large intestine, they have to be able to cope with various sources of osmotic, oxidative, bile and acid stress during their transit across the gastric barrier and the small intestine. Bifidobacterial genomes thus encode various survival mechanisms, such as molecular chaperones and efflux pumps, to overcome such challenges. Bifidobacteria represent part of an anaerobic gut community, and feed on nondigestible carbohydrates through a specialized fermentative metabolic pathway, which in turn produces growth substrates for other members of the gut community. Conversely, bifidobacteria may also be dependent on other (bifido)bacteria to access host- and diet-derived glycans, and these complex co-operative interactions, based on resource sharing and cross-feeding strategies, represent powerful driving forces that shape gut microbiota composition.
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150
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Cukrowska B, Sowińska A, Bierła JB, Czarnowska E, Rybak A, Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk U. Intestinal epithelium, intraepithelial lymphocytes and the gut microbiota - Key players in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7505-7518. [PMID: 29204051 PMCID: PMC5698244 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i42.7505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Before activating the immune system, gluten peptides are transferred by the epithelial barrier to the mucosal lamina propria, where they are deamidated by intestinal tissue transglutaminase 2. As a result, they strongly bind to human leucocyte antigens (HLAs), especially HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8, expressed on antigen-presenting cells. This induces an inflammatory response, which results in small bowel enteropathy. Although gluten is the main external trigger activating both innate and adaptive (specific) immunity, its presence in the intestinal lumen does not fully explain CD pathogenesis. It has been hypothesized that an early disruption of the gut barrier in genetically susceptible individuals, which would result in an increased intestinal permeability, could precede the onset of gluten-induced immune events. The intestinal barrier is a complex functional structure, whose functioning is dependent on intestinal microbiota homeostasis, epithelial layer integrity, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue with its intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The aim of this paper was to review the current literature and summarize the role of the gut microbiota, epithelial cells and their intercellular junctions, and IELs in CD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sowińska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Joanna Beata Bierła
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Czarnowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Anna Rybak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
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