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Huang Y, Yim OS, Lai PS, Yu R, Chew SH, Gwee X, Nyunt MSZ, Gao Q, Ng TP, Ebstein RP, Gouin JP. Successful aging, cognitive function, socioeconomic status, and leukocyte telomere length. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:180-187. [PMID: 30708136 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a rapidly greying world, the notion that some individuals maintain successful aging trajectories, viz. high physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning in older age, is increasingly germane. Biomarkers of such successful aging are increasingly sought. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL), an emerging yardstick of cellular aging that is influenced by but distinct from chronological age, may also be associated to successful aging. Furthermore, given that socio-economic status (SES) influences successful aging trajectories, socioeconomic status may also moderate the association between chronological age and LTL. The goals of this study are to examine 1) whether successful aging is associated with LTL; 2) whether successful aging accounts for age-related LTL and 3) whether SES moderates the effect of age on LTL. Singaporean Chinese (n = 353) aged 65-80 completed a multidimensional assessment of successful aging and provided blood samples for LTL analysis. Results show that LTL negatively correlates with chronological age and positively correlates with successful aging. Successful aging mediates the association between chronological age and LTL. Moderated mediation analyses show that lower SES is associated with stronger negative associations of chronological age with successful aging and LTL. Moreover, the cognitive functioning dimension of successful aging is uniquely associated with LTL and its association with chronological age is moderated by SES. This study provides evidence that among older Singaporean Chinese with lower SES, declines in successful aging and in cognitive functioning are linked to age-related LTL shortening and hence to accelerated aging at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Onn Siong Yim
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Gwee
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Gao
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance, South Western University Finance Economics, (SWUFE), Chengdu, China.
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Short-Term Dietary Intervention with Cooked but Not Raw Brassica Leafy Vegetables Increases Telomerase Activity in CD8+ Lymphocytes in a Randomized Human Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040786. [PMID: 30959753 PMCID: PMC6520774 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase in T lymphocytes is dynamic and limited evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that the enzyme can be modulated in peripheral lymphocytes by dietary and lifestyle factors. The differential effect of dietary intervention on T cell subsets has not been investigated so far. Brassica vegetables are known for their multiple beneficial effects on human health, and here, the effect of a five-day short-term intervention with raw or cooked leaves of Brassica carinata on telomerase activity in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 22 healthy volunteers was investigated in a randomized single-blind, controlled crossover study. Blood samples were collected before and after intervention, and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes were isolated. Telomerase activity was quantified using the TRAP-ELISA assay. Intervention with both preparations led to a marginal increase in telomerase activity of CD4+ cells compared to the baseline level. In CD8+ cells, a significant increase in telomerase activity (25%, p < 0.05) was seen after intervention with the cooked material. An increase in telomerase activity in CD8+ cells of healthy volunteers could be regarded as beneficial in terms of helping with the cell-mediated immune response. Whether a Brassica intervention has long-term effects on telomere extension in specific T cell subsets needs to be determined.
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103
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Ellaway A, Dundas R, Robertson T, Shiels PG. More miles on the clock: Neighbourhood stressors are associated with telomere length in a longitudinal study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214380. [PMID: 30921393 PMCID: PMC6438484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a substantial gap in health and longevity between more affluent and more deprived areas, and more knowledge of the determinants of this health divide is required. Experience of the local residential environment is important for health although few studies have examined this in relation to biological markers of age such as telomere length. We sought to examine if residents’ perceptions of neighbourhood stressors over time were associated with telomere length in a community study. Methodology/Principal findings In a prospective cohort study of 2186 adults in the West of Scotland, we measured neighbourhood stressors at three time points over a 12-year period and telomere length at the end of the study. Using linear regression models, we found that a higher accumulation of neighbourhood stressors over time was associated with shorter telomere length, even after taking cohort, social class, health behaviours (smoking status, diet, physical activity), BMI and depression into account among females only (Beta = 0.007; 95%CI [0.001, 0.012]; P<0.014). Conclusions/Significance Neighborhood environments are potentially modifiable, and future efforts directed towards improving deleterious local environments may be useful to lessen telomere attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ellaway
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruth Dundas
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Robertson
- Centre for Public Health and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences & Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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de Punder K, Heim C, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S. Stress and immunosenescence: The role of telomerase. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:87-100. [PMID: 30445409 PMCID: PMC6458519 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is associated with the accelerated aging of the immune system and represents a potent risk factor for the development and progression of a wide range of physical and mental disorders. The elucidation of molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the link between stress and cellular aging is an area of considerable interest and investigation. In this context, telomere biology has emerged as a particularly attractive candidate mechanism. Several studies have linked immune cell telomere length with stress-related conditions and states, and also with several physical and mental disorders. Because the cellular reverse transcriptase enzyme telomerase is the primary regulator of telomere length (by adding telomeric DNA to telomeres and thereby attenuating telomere shortening), the understanding of its regulation and regulatory functions constitutes a prime target for developing strategies to prevent, attenuate or reverse the adverse consequences of immune system aging (immunosenescence). In this review we provide an overview of the mechanistic pathways linking telomerase with stress and cellular aging, with an emphasis on the immune system. We summarize and synthesize the current state of the literature on immune cell telomerase in different stress- and aging-related disease states and provide recommendations for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Punder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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105
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Cohen L, Jefferies A. Comprehensive Lifestyle Change: Harnessing Synergy to Improve Cancer Outcomes. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2019; 2017:4617821. [PMID: 29140487 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cohen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Vital Matters, LLC, Houston, TX
| | - Alison Jefferies
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Vital Matters, LLC, Houston, TX
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Davinelli S, Trichopoulou A, Corbi G, De Vivo I, Scapagnini G. The potential nutrigeroprotective role of Mediterranean diet and its functional components on telomere length dynamics. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:1-10. [PMID: 30448616 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a gold standard for nutrition and the most evidence-based diet to delay the onset of age-associated pathologies. Telomeres are the heterochromatic repeat regions found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, whose length is considered a reliable hallmark of biological ageing. Telomere shortening is, at least in part, a modifiable factor and there is evidence that adherence to the MD is associated with longer telomeres. Data from several studies indicate an association between "inflammatory/oxidative status" and telomere length (TL). The MD, as a complex exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals, may positively influence telomere attrition by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is unclear whether the protective effects on TL provided by the MD result from its individual constituents or some combination of these. Furthermore, these properties of the MD and its components are not yet fully validated by clinical endpoints in randomized trials or observational studies. Here, we summarize the data from experimental and population-based studies on the effects of the MD on TL maintenance. We will both highlight the possible role of the MD in the prevention of age-associated diseases, and attempt to identify certain aspects of the diet that are particularly important for telomere maintenance.
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107
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Werner CM, Hecksteden A, Morsch A, Zundler J, Wegmann M, Kratzsch J, Thiery J, Hohl M, Bittenbring JT, Neumann F, Böhm M, Meyer T, Laufs U. Differential effects of endurance, interval, and resistance training on telomerase activity and telomere length in a randomized, controlled study. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:34-46. [PMID: 30496493 PMCID: PMC6312574 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims It is unknown whether different training modalities exert differential cellular effects. Telomeres and telomere-associated proteins play a major role in cellular aging with implications for global health. This prospective training study examines the effects of endurance training, interval training (IT), and resistance training (RT) on telomerase activity and telomere length (TL). Methods and results One hundred and twenty-four healthy previously inactive individuals completed the 6 months study. Participants were randomized to three different interventions or the control condition (no change in lifestyle): aerobic endurance training (AET, continuous running), high-intensive IT (4 × 4 method), or RT (circle training on 8 devices), each intervention consisting of three 45 min training sessions per week. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was increased by all three training modalities. Telomerase activity in blood mononuclear cells was up-regulated by two- to three-fold in both endurance exercise groups (AET, IT), but not with RT. In parallel, lymphocyte, granulocyte, and leucocyte TL increased in the endurance-trained groups but not in the RT group. Magnet-activated cell sorting with telomerase repeat-ampliflication protocol (MACS-TRAP) assays revealed that a single bout of endurance training-but not RT-acutely increased telomerase activity in CD14+ and in CD34+ leucocytes. Conclusion This randomized controlled trial shows that endurance training, IT, and RT protocols induce specific cellular pathways in circulating leucocytes. Endurance training and IT, but not RT, increased telomerase activity and TL which are important for cellular senescence, regenerative capacity, and thus, healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Werner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universität und Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Geb. 41.1/IMED, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institut für Sport und Präventivmedizin, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, B8 2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Arne Morsch
- Deutsche Hochschule für Prävention und Gesundheitsmanagement, Hermann-Neuberger-Sportschule 3, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Joachim Zundler
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universität und Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Geb. 41.1/IMED, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Melissa Wegmann
- Institut für Sport und Präventivmedizin, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, B8 2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institut für Labormedizin, Klinische Chemie und Molekulare Diagnostik, Universitätsklinikum, Liebigstr. 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institut für Labormedizin, Klinische Chemie und Molekulare Diagnostik, Universitätsklinikum, Liebigstr. 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universität und Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Geb. 41.1/IMED, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jörg Thomas Bittenbring
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Onkologie, Hämatologie, Klinische Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Geb. 41.1/IMED, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Frank Neumann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Onkologie, Hämatologie, Klinische Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Geb. 41.1/IMED, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universität und Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Geb. 41.1/IMED, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institut für Sport und Präventivmedizin, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, B8 2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, Leipzig, Germany
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Aging, Immunity, and Neuroinflammation: The Modulatory Potential of Nutrition. NUTRITION AND IMMUNITY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aging influences an organism’s entire physiology, affecting functions at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels and increasing susceptibility to many major chronic diseases. The changes in the immune system that accompany human aging are very complex and are generally referred to as immunosenescence. The factors and mechanisms of immunosenescence are multiple and include, among others, defects in the bone marrow, thymic involution, and intrinsic defects in the formation, maturation, homeostasis, and migration of peripheral lymphocytes. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The process of aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade inflammation thought to contribute to neuroinflammation and to many age-related diseases. Numerous attempts to define the role of chronic inflammation in aging have implicated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, immunosenescence, epigenetic modifications, and other phenomena. Several lifestyle strategies, such as intervening to provide an adequate diet and physical and mental activity, have been shown to result in improved immune and neuroprotective functions, a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a potential increase in individual longevity. The studies published thus far describe a critical role for nutrition in maintaining the immune response of the aged, but they also indicate the need for a more in-depth, holistic approach to determining the optimal nutritional and behavioral strategies that would maintain immune and other physiological systems in elderly people. In this chapter, we focus first on the age-related changes of the immune system. Further, we discuss possible deleterious influences of immunosenescence and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) on neurodegenerative processes in the normally aging brain. Finally, we consider our current understanding of the modulatory potential of nutrition that may mediate anti-inflammatory effects and thus positively affect immunity and the aging brain.
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109
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Johnson AJ, Terry E, Bartley EJ, Garvan C, Cruz-Almeida Y, Goodin B, Glover TL, Staud R, Bradley LA, Fillingim RB, Sibille KT. Resilience factors may buffer cellular aging in individuals with and without chronic knee pain. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919842962. [PMID: 30900507 PMCID: PMC6484237 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919842962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length, a measure of cellular aging, is inversely associated with chronic pain severity. While psychological resilience factors (e.g., optimism, acceptance, positive affect, and active coping) are associated with lower levels of clinical pain and greater physical functioning, it is unknown whether resilience may buffer against telomere shortening in individuals with chronic pain. Additionally, a broader conceptualization of resilience that includes social and biobehavioral factors may improve our understanding of the relationship between resilience, chronic pain, and health outcomes. In individuals with and without chronic knee pain, we investigated whether (1) psychological resilience would be positively associated with telomere length and if (2) a broader conceptualization of resilience including social and biobehavioral factors would strengthen the association. Seventy-nine adults, 45 to 85 years of age, with and without knee pain completed demographic, health, clinical pain, psychological, social, and biobehavioral questionnaires. Resilience levels were determined by summing the total number of measures indicating resilience based on published clinical ranges and norms. Blood samples were collected, and telomere length was determined. In regression analyses controlling for sex, race, age, and characteristic pain intensity, greater psychological resilience and psychosocial/biobehavioral resilience were associated with longer telomeres ( p = .0295 and p = .0116, respectively). When compared, psychosocial/biobehavioral resilience was significantly more predictive of telomere length than psychological resilience ( p < .0001). Findings are promising and encourage further investigations to enhance understanding of the biological interface of psychosocial and biobehavioral resilience factors in individuals with musculoskeletal chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa J Johnson
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ellen Terry
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily J Bartley
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cynthia Garvan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Burel Goodin
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Toni L Glover
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roland Staud
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laurence A Bradley
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly T Sibille
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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111
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Network cultivation, diurnal cortisol and biological ageing: The rejuvenation hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 122:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nomikos NN, Nikolaidis PT, Sousa CV, Papalois AE, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Exercise, Telomeres, and Cancer: "The Exercise-Telomere Hypothesis". Front Physiol 2018; 9:1798. [PMID: 30618810 PMCID: PMC6305363 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are genomic complex at the end of chromosomes that protects the DNA and telomere length (TL) is related to several age-related diseases, lifespan, and cancer. On the other hand, cancer is a multifactorial disease that is responsible for reduce the quality of life and kills millions of people every year. Both, shorter TL and cancer are related and could be treated or prevented depending of the lifestyle. In this review we discuss the possible role of exercise in the relationship between shorter telomeres, telomerase activity, and cancer. In summary, there is evidence that exercise leads to less telomere attrition and exercise also may diminish the risk of cancer, these two outcomes are possible intermediated by a reduction in oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Although, there is evidence that shorter TL are associated with cancer, the possible mechanisms that one may lead to the other remains to be clarified. We assume that humans under cancer treatment may suffer a great decrease in quality of life, which may increase sedentary behavior and lead to increased telomere attrition. And those humans with already shorter TL likely lived under a poor lifestyle and might have an increased risk to have cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitas N Nomikos
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Caio V Sousa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Mebase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Ramesh G, Gerstbacher D, Arruda J, Golianu B, Mark J, Yeh AM. Pediatric Integrative Medicine in Academia: Stanford Children's Experience. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E168. [PMID: 30545081 PMCID: PMC6306866 DOI: 10.3390/children5120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric integrative medicine is an emerging field which, to date, has not been described in detail in academic medical centers in the United States. Early research of pediatric integrative medicine modalities shows promise for the treatment of common pediatric conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, acute and chronic pain, headache, and allergy, among others. In light of the growing prevalence of pediatric illnesses and patient complexity, it is crucial to emphasize the patient's overall well-being. As academic centers around the world start to develop pediatric integrative medicine programs, the aim of this manuscript is to briefly highlight evidence of effective integrative treatments in pediatric subspecialties, to describe the establishment of our integrative medicine program, to summarize its early efforts, and to discuss potential barriers and keys to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Ramesh
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Dana Gerstbacher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Jenna Arruda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Brenda Golianu
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - John Mark
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ann Ming Yeh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Puterman E, Weiss J, Lin J, Schilf S, Slusher AL, Johansen KL, Epel ES. Aerobic exercise lengthens telomeres and reduces stress in family caregivers: A randomized controlled trial - Curt Richter Award Paper 2018. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:245-252. [PMID: 30266522 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Family members caring for chronically ill relatives are typically sedentary, chronically stressed, and at high risk of disease. Observational reports suggest caregivers have accelerated cellular aging as indicated by shorter leukocyte telomere lengths. We performed a randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on changes in telomerase levels (primary outcome) and telomere lengths (secondary outcome) in inactive caregivers. METHODS 68 female and male community dwelling dementia caregivers who reported high stress and physical inactivity were randomly assigned to a highly supervised aerobic exercise intervention vs. waitlist control group for 24 weeks. Average leukocyte telomere lengths and peripheral blood mononuclear cells' telomerase activity were measured pre- and post-intervention. All staff completing blood draws, fitness testing and bioassays were blinded to group assignment. RESULTS The intervention group completed approximately 40 min of aerobic exercise 3-5 times per week, verified by actigraphy. There was high (81%) adherence to 120 min/week of aerobic exercise. Groups did not significantly differ in telomerase activity changes across time, but had significant different telomere length changes across time (67.3 base pairs, 95%CI 3.1, 131.5). There were also significant reductions in body mass index and perceived stress and an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., VO2peak) in the exercising caregivers versus controls. CONCLUSION In the context of a highly controlled intervention, exercise can induce apparent telomere lengthening, though the mechanisms remain elusive. Our study underscores the importance of increasing participation in aerobic exercise to improve markers of health and attenuate cellular aging in high-risk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Samantha Schilf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Aaron L Slusher
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Kirsten L Johansen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States
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Conklin QA, Crosswell AD, Saron CD, Epel ES. Meditation, stress processes, and telomere biology. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 28:92-101. [PMID: 30553080 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both theoretical and empirical work support the notion that meditation training can improve telomere regulation, which may ultimately contribute to healthy aging. Yet, the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying these changes remain underspecified, as do the contexts and boundary conditions in which these changes occur. Here we summarize studies investigating the effects of various meditation-based interventions on telomere biology, making suggestions for future research. We then propose a model describing how meditation training may impact acute and habitual stress responses as pathways to improved cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elissa S Epel
- University of California, San Francisco, United States.
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Rozet F, Hennequin C, Beauval JB, Beuzeboc P, Cormier L, Fromont-Hankard G, Mongiat-Artus P, Ploussard G, Mathieu R, Brureau L, Ouzzane A, Azria D, Brenot-Rossi I, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Rebillard X, Lebret T, Soulié M, Penna RR, Méjean A. RETRACTED: Recommandations françaises du Comité de Cancérologie de l’AFU – Actualisation 2018–2020 : cancer de la prostate French ccAFU guidelines – Update 2018–2020: Prostate cancer. Prog Urol 2018; 28:S79-S130. [PMID: 30392712 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
Cet article est retiré de la publication à la demande des auteurs car ils ont apporté des modifications significatives sur des points scientifiques après la publication de la première version des recommandations.
Le nouvel article est disponible à cette adresse: DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.007.
C’est cette nouvelle version qui doit être utilisée pour citer l’article.
This article has been retracted at the request of the authors, as it is not based on the definitive version of the text because some scientific data has been corrected since the first issue was published.
The replacement has been published at the DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.007.
That newer version of the text should be used when citing the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rozet
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, institut mutualiste Montsouris, université René-Descartes, 42, boulevard Jourdan, 75674, Paris, France.
| | - C Hennequin
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service de radiothérapie, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, 75010, Paris, France
| | - J-B Beauval
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, oncologie médicale, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU Rangueil, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - P Beuzeboc
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital Foch, 92150, Suresnes, France
| | - L Cormier
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, CHU François-Mitterrand, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - G Fromont-Hankard
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; CHU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37000, Tours, France
| | - P Mongiat-Artus
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, Paris cedex 10, France
| | - G Ploussard
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, clinique La Croix du Sud-Saint-Jean Languedoc, institut universitaire du cancer, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - R Mathieu
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033, Rennes cedex 9, France
| | - L Brureau
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Inserm, U1085, IRSET, 97145 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - A Ouzzane
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59000, Lille, France
| | - D Azria
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Inserm U1194, ICM, université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - I Brenot-Rossi
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - G Cancel-Tassin
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; GRC no 5 ONCOTYPE-URO, institut universitaire de cancérologie, Sorbonne université, 75020, Paris, France
| | - O Cussenot
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, 75020, Paris, France
| | - X Rebillard
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, clinique mutualiste Beau-Soleil, 119, avenue de Lodève, 34070, Montpellier, France
| | - T Lebret
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital Foch, 92150, Suresnes, France
| | - M Soulié
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Centre hospitalier universitaire Rangueil, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - R Renard Penna
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; GRC no 5 ONCOTYPE-URO, institut universitaire de cancérologie, Sorbonne université, 75020, Paris, France; Service de radiologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 75020, Paris, France
| | - A Méjean
- Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe prostate, maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017, Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, université Paris Descartes, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015, Paris, France
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Rozet F, Hennequin C, Beauval JB, Beuzeboc P, Cormier L, Fromont-Hankard G, Mongiat-Artus P, Ploussard G, Mathieu R, Brureau L, Ouzzane A, Azria D, Brenot-Rossi I, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Rebillard X, Lebret T, Soulié M, Renard Penna R, Méjean A. Recommandations françaises du Comité de Cancérologie de l’AFU – Actualisation 2018–2020 : cancer de la prostate. Prog Urol 2018; 28 Suppl 1:R81-R132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mostly indolent natural history and long overall survival associated with a diagnosis of prostate cancer provides a unique opportunity for men to explore diet and lifestyle interventions to alter the trajectory of their disease. As many patients may be appropriate for postponing conventional therapy, the effects of various integrative interventions can be investigated. In addition, treatment of prostate cancer with surgery, radiation, or androgen deprivation therapy, all may produce physical or psychological side effects that could be amenable to complementary therapies. This article serves to review salient information in the published literature. DESIGN A review of published research was conducted. RESULTS A plant-based antioxidant-rich diet with an emphasis on cruciferous vegetables, tomatoes, soy, pomegranate, and marine omega 3 fatty acids while avoiding saturated fats, including dairy products is the best option. Supplementation with vitamin D3, omega 3, and some nutraceutical-based preparations may be advised. It is likely prudent to avoid vitamin E and selenium supplements. Physical activity has been shown to have multiple benefits in men diagnosed with all stages of prostate cancer from strengthening bones, improving body habitus, and enhancing overall wellbeing. Yoga, combining physical activity with a mind-body component, has been shown to have a salutogenic effect in both prostate cancer patients and their caregivers. Traditional Chinese Medicine may be particularly useful in managing side effects of conventional treatments, especially the hot flashes associated with androgen deprivation therapy. Although the long natural history, availability of a useful blood marker of disease progression and prolonged survival are overall positive features, they also combine to allow men to live for a long time with diagnosed cancer, fear of progression, or recurrence and fixation on changes in their prostate-specific antigen level. The resultant stress can be deleterious to general health as well as possibly the natural history of their disease. Mind-body interventions to reduce stress, including mindfulness-based stress reduction and support groups may be useful adjunctive therapies. CONCLUSION Men with prostate cancer may benefit from lifestyle and complementary interventions integrated with their conventional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald I Abrams
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and UCSF Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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119
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Esch T, Kream RM, Stefano GB. Chromosomal Processes in Mind-Body Medicine: Chronic Stress, Cell Aging, and Telomere Length. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2018; 24:134-140. [PMID: 30220704 PMCID: PMC6158997 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.911786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress affects cellular aging and inflammatory and chromosomal processes, including telomere length, thereby potentially compromising health and facilitating disease onset and progression. Stress-related diseases and strategies to manage stress usually require integrative or behavioral therapeutic approaches that also operate on cellular levels. Mind-body medicine (MBM) uses the interaction between the mind, body, behavior, and the environment to correct physical and psychological malfunctions, thus ameliorating disease states and improving health. The relaxation response (RR) is a physiological opponent of stress and the stress response (SR) (i.e., fight-or-flight response), also invoking molecular anti-stress processes. Techniques that elicit the RR are at the core of practically all MBM interventions. We surmise that these techniques can also affect chromosomal and telomere processes, molecular aging, and the modulation of inflammatory states on cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Esch
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Institute for Integrative Health Care, Witten, Germany
| | - Richard M Kream
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George B Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
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120
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Caprara G. Diet and longevity: The effects of traditional eating habits on human lifespan extension. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the dawn of time human beings have been trying to improve the quality of the existence and extend their lifespan. Genetic, environmental, behavioral and dietary factors influence the pathways that regulate aging and life expectancy, thus rendering longevity a very complex phenomenon. Although a long-lived elixir has not yet been found, physicians and scientists agree that nutrition has a major impact on the overall mortality and morbidity, hence becoming the subject of a widespread scientific research. This review describes, analyzes and compares the effects of different types of diets in reducing the onset of typical Western countries non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (cardiovascular diseases, tumors, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, etc.), thus increasing the average lifespan. It will first depict the most relevant characteristics, nutraceutical properties and effects on the populations of the Mediterranean, Japanese, Vegetarian and New Nordic Diet. Finally, it will describe the impact of different dietary restrictions in modulating the genetic pathways that regulate metabolism and aging. Overall, this work reinforces the evidence that specific eating habits, in addition to healthy and active lifestyles, are crucial to increase people’s health span and to achieve an optimal longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caprara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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121
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Staffaroni AM, Tosun D, Lin J, Elahi FM, Casaletto KB, Wynn MJ, Patel N, Neuhaus J, Walters SM, Epel ES, Blackburn EH, Kramer JH. Telomere attrition is associated with declines in medial temporal lobe volume and white matter microstructure in functionally independent older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:68-75. [PMID: 29859365 PMCID: PMC6430612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although leukocyte telomere length (TL) shortens over the lifespan and is associated with diseases of aging, little is known about the relationships between TL, memory, and brain structure. Sixty-nine functionally normal older adults (mean age = 71.7) were assessed at 2 time points (mean interval = 2.9 years). Linear mixed models assessed relationships between TL and hippocampal volume, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity (MD) of the fornix and verbal and visual episodic memory. Unstandardized coefficients are reported in the following, and p values are not corrected for multiple comparisons. A negative baseline trend was observed between TL and fornix MD (b = -0.01, p = 0.06), but no other cross-sectional associations were significant (ps > 0.16). Greater TL shortening at follow-up was associated with greater hippocampal volume loss (b = 27.09, p < 0.001), even after controlling for global volume loss (b = 10.83, p = 0.002). Greater telomere attrition was also associated with larger increases in fornix MD (b = -0.01, p = 0.012) and decreases in fornix fractional anisotropy (b = 0.004, p = 0.002). TL was not associated with changes in episodic memory (ps > 0.23). These relationships may reflect neurobiological influences that affect both TL and brain structure, as well as the effect of TL on brain aging via mechanisms such as cellular senescence and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Staffaroni
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Wynn
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nihar Patel
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Samantha M Walters
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Analysis of health-related biomarkers between vegetarians and non-vegetarians: A multi-biomarker approach. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Mason AE, Hecht FM, Daubenmier JJ, Sbarra DA, Lin J, Moran PJ, Schleicher SG, Acree M, Prather AA, Epel ES. Weight Loss Maintenance and Cellular Aging in the Supporting Health Through Nutrition and Exercise Study. Psychosom Med 2018; 80:609-619. [PMID: 29901486 PMCID: PMC6113109 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine, within a weight loss clinical trial for obesity, the impact of intervention arm, weight change, and weight loss maintenance on telomere length (TL). METHODS Adults (N = 194) with a body mass index between 30 and 45 were randomized to a 5.5-month weight loss program with (n = 100) or without (n = 94) mindfulness training and identical diet-exercise guidelines. We assessed TL at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month postbaseline in immune cell populations (primarily in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs], but also in granulocytes and T and B lymphocytes). We defined weight loss maintenance as having lost at least 5% or 10% of body weight (tested in separate models) from preintervention to postintervention, and having maintained this loss at 12 months. We predicted that greater weight loss and weight loss maintenance would be associated with TL lengthening. RESULTS Neither weight loss intervention significantly predicted TL change nor did amount of weight change, at any time point. Across all participants, weight loss maintenance of at least 10% was associated with longer PBMC TL (b = 239.08, 95% CI = 0.92 to 477.25, p = .049), CD8+ TL (b = 417.26, 95% CI = 58.95 to 775.57, p = .023), and longer granulocyte TL (b = 191.56, 95% CI = -4.23 to 387.35, p = .055) at 12 months after accounting for baseline TL. Weight loss maintenance of 5% or more was associated with longer PBMC TL (b = 163.32, 95% CI = 4.00 to 320.62, p = .045) at 12 months after accounting for baseline TL. These tests should be interpreted in light of corrections for multiple tests. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with obesity, losing and maintaining a weight loss of 10% or more may lead to TL lengthening, which may portend improved immune and metabolic function. TL lengthening in this study is of unknown duration beyond 12 months and requires further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.govidentifierNCT00960414; Open Science Framework (OSF) preregistration: https://osf.io/t3r2g/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Mason
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer J. Daubenmier
- SF State University, Department of Health Education, Institute of Holistic Health Studies
| | - David A. Sbarra
- The University of Arizona, Department of Psychology, AZ, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- UCSF Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Samantha G. Schleicher
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Acree
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hamrin E, Ernerudh J, Rosén A. Immunological and Quality-of-Life Profiles in Women with Breast Cancer: Complementary versus Conventional Care. Complement Med Res 2018; 25:391-397. [PMID: 30145583 DOI: 10.1159/000490049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that women with breast cancer treated in anthroposophic clinic versus conventional care had increased quality of life (QoL) parameters, fighting spirit, and anxiety coping. We have now analyzed immune and QoL factors in these 2 groups for possible differences during the first 6 months after admission, prompted by anthroposophic studies, including mistletoe extracts, showing beneficial immune system effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen immunological variables, including leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, activated T cells (CD4+ and CD8+), NK cells, B cells, IL1β, IL6, IL10, and oxytocin, were longitudinally analyzed in both groups (n = 2 × 26). A panel of QoL parameters were analyzed using 3 different instruments. Statistical evaluation included that each patient was its own control. RESULTS Cytotoxic CD8+ T cell frequency (percent of lymphocytes analyzed by flow-cytometry) significantly decreased over time in the anthroposophic group versus the conventional group (repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.05). No major differences were observed in other immunological parameters, whereas QoL variables, anxiety decreased and physical symptoms increased/improved significantly in the anthroposophic group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, women with breast cancer in anthroposophic or conventional therapy did not differ in their immune profiles over time, with exception of decreased cytotoxic T cells in the anthroposophic group. Improvement in physical symptoms along with less anxiety in this group may have influenced the brain-immune axis resulting in lower frequency of CD8+ T cells, a feature associated with less aggressive cancer stages. To evaluate whether this observation is associated with good or bad prognosis, further detailed analyses of memory and naïve CD8+ T cells at tumor site and in blood circulation are essential.
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Zhao B, Vo HQ, Johnston FH, Negishi K. Air pollution and telomere length: a systematic review of 12,058 subjects. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2018; 8:480-492. [PMID: 30214863 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Over recent decades, adverse effects of ambient air pollution on the cardiovascular system have been clearly demonstrated. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Air pollution may accelerates biological aging and thereby the susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Telomeres are tandem repetitive DNA complexes that play a critical role in maintaining chromosome stability. There are, however, heterogeneities among the reported effects of air pollution on telomere. This study sought to evaluate the existing literature on the association between air pollution and telomere length (TL). Methods Two reviewers independently searched on electronic databases including PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and Ovid. The key terms were "air pollution" and "telomere" without language restriction. Articles relating to tobacco smoke were excluded. Results A total of 12,058 subjects from 25 articles remained for final review. All were observational studies: 14 cross-sectional, 6 cohort and 5 case-control studies. Nineteen (76%) assessed leukocyte telomere length (LTL) of which 15 found associations between air pollution and shorter TL, 2 with longer TL, 1 had mixed results, and a study of patients with type 2 diabetes found non-significant associations with TL. One found longer TL from saliva. The remaining studies were of placental cells, buccal cells or sperm and all reported shorter TL associated with air pollution. Particulate matter (PM) was investigated in 8 articles, and the remainder assessed black carbon (BC), benzene, lead, cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Geographically, 11 studies were conducted in Europe, with 10 in Asia and 4 in North America. While all followed Cawthon's protocol for TL assessment, discordance in the reporting formats did not allow us to perform a quantitative meta-analysis. Conclusions Most of the studies support the association of shorter TL with air pollution. Uniform reporting format would be warranted for future studies to estimate true effect size of air pollution on TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Ha Q Vo
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Randomized controlled trial of weight loss versus usual care on telomere length in women with breast cancer: the lifestyle, exercise, and nutrition (LEAN) study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:105-112. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ozcagli E, Kara M, Kotil T, Fragkiadaki P, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsitsimpikou C, Stivaktakis PD, Tsoukalas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Alpertunga B. Stanozolol administration combined with exercise leads to decreased telomerase activity possibly associated with liver aging. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:405-413. [PMID: 29717770 PMCID: PMC5979936 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anabolic agents are doping substances which are commonly used in sports. Stanozolol, a 17α‑alkylated derivative of testosterone, has a widespread use among athletes and bodybuilders. Several medical and behavioral adverse effects are associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse, while the liver remains the most well recognized target organ. In the present study, the hepatic effects of stanozolol administration in rats at high doses resembling those used for doping purposes were investigated, in the presence or absence of exercise. Stanozolol and its metabolites, 16‑β‑hydroxystanozolol and 3'‑hydroxystanozolol, were detected in rat livers using liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry (LC‑MS). Telomerase activity, which is involved in cellular aging and tumorigenesis, was detected by examining telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression levels in the livers of stanozolol‑treated rats. Stanozolol induced telomerase activity at the molecular level in the liver tissue of rats and exercise reversed this induction, reflecting possible premature liver tissue aging. PTEN gene expression in the rat livers was practically unaffected either by exercise or by stanozolol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
| | - Tugba Kotil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Tsoukalas
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
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Vassbakk-Brovold K, Berntsen S, Fegran L, Lian H, Mjåland O, Mjåland S, Nordin K, Seiler S, Kersten C. Lifestyle changes in cancer patients undergoing curative or palliative chemotherapy: is it feasible? Acta Oncol 2018; 57:831-838. [PMID: 29239243 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1413247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to explore the feasibility of an individualized comprehensive lifestyle intervention in cancer patients undergoing curative or palliative chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS At one cancer center, serving a population of 180,000, 100 consecutive of 161 eligible newly diagnosed cancer patients starting curative or palliative chemotherapy entered a 12-month comprehensive, individualized lifestyle intervention. Participants received a grouped startup course and monthly counseling, based on self-reported and electronically evaluated lifestyle behaviors. Patients with completed baseline and end of study measurements are included in the final analyses. Patients who did not complete end of study measurements are defined as dropouts. RESULTS More completers (n = 61) vs. dropouts (n = 39) were married or living together (87 vs. 69%, p = .031), and significantly higher baseline physical activity levels (960 vs. 489 min.wk-1, p = .010), more healthy dietary choices (14 vs 11 points, p = .038) and fewer smokers (8 vs. 23%, p = .036) were observed among completers vs. dropouts. Logistic regression revealed younger (odds ratios (OR): 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 0.99) and more patients diagnosed with breast cancer vs. more severe cancer types (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.56) among completers vs. dropouts. Improvements were observed in completers healthy (37%, p < 0.001) and unhealthy dietary habits (23%, p = .002), and distress (94%, p < .001). No significant reductions were observed in physical activity levels. Patients treated with palliative intent did not reduce their physical activity levels while healthy dietary habits (38%, p = 0.021) and distress (104%, p = 0.012) was improved. DISCUSSION Favorable and possibly clinical relevant lifestyle changes were observed in cancer patients undergoing curative or palliative chemotherapy after a 12-month comprehensive and individualized lifestyle intervention. Palliative patients were able to participate and to improve their lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Vassbakk-Brovold
- Center for Cancer Treatment, Sorlandet Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liv Fegran
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Henrik Lian
- Department for Physical and Preventive Medicine, Sorlandet Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Odd Mjåland
- Surgical Department, Sorlandet Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Svein Mjåland
- Center for Cancer Treatment, Sorlandet Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Karin Nordin
- Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Christian Kersten
- Center for Cancer Treatment, Sorlandet Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
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Tolahunase MR, Sagar R, Faiq M, Dada R. Yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention increases neuroplasticity and reduces severity of major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:423-442. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri R. Tolahunase
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Muneeb Faiq
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Conklin QA, King BG, Zanesco AP, Lin J, Hamidi AB, Pokorny JJ, Álvarez-López MJ, Cosín-Tomás M, Huang C, Kaliman P, Epel ES, Saron CD. Insight meditation and telomere biology: The effects of intensive retreat and the moderating role of personality. Brain Behav Immun 2018. [PMID: 29518528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that meditation training may have a range of salubrious effects, including improved telomere regulation. Telomeres and the enzyme telomerase interact with a variety of molecular components to regulate cell-cycle signaling cascades, and are implicated in pathways linking psychological stress to disease. We investigated the effects of intensive meditation practice on these biomarkers by measuring changes in telomere length (TL), telomerase activity (TA), and telomere-related gene (TRG) expression during a 1-month residential Insight meditation retreat. Multilevel analyses revealed an apparent TL increase in the retreat group, compared to a group of experienced meditators, similarly comprised in age and gender, who were not on retreat. Moreover, personality traits predicted changes in TL, such that retreat participants highest in neuroticism and lowest in agreeableness demonstrated the greatest increases in TL. Changes observed in TRGs further suggest retreat-related improvements in telomere maintenance, including increases in Gar1 and HnRNPA1, which encode proteins that bind telomerase RNA and telomeric DNA. Although no group-level changes were observed in TA, retreat participants' TA levels at post-assessment were inversely related to several indices of retreat engagement and prior meditation experience. Neuroticism also predicted variation in TA across retreat. These findings suggest that meditation training in a retreat setting may have positive effects on telomere regulation, which are moderated by individual differences in personality and meditation experience. (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03056105).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A Conklin
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 135 Young Hall, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Brandon G King
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 135 Young Hall, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Anthony P Zanesco
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 135 Young Hall, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Anahita B Hamidi
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Jennifer J Pokorny
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | | | - Marta Cosín-Tomás
- Unit of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Colin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Perla Kaliman
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Unit of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94131, United States
| | - Clifford D Saron
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, United States; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
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Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP. Association between plasma trans fatty acids concentrations and leucocyte telomere length in US adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:581-586. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Many risk factors have been firmly established for pancreatic cancer (PC), but the molecular processes by which known risk factors influence susceptibility to PC are not clear. There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the role of telomere length (TL), the protective DNA sequence repeats at chromosome ends, in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Given this heightened interest, we performed an in-depth, focused, and up-to-date review of the epidemiological evidence linking leukocyte TL (LTL) with PC risk. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases for all published studies on LTL and PC risk, up to May 2017. Five studies were identified for review: 4 nested case-control studies and 1 retrospective case-control study. Two studies found opposite associations between LTL and PC risk: 1 found a dose-response positive association and the other found a dose-response inverse association. Two studies also found a "U-shaped" association, whereas another reported a weak nonlinear relationship. We offer potential reasons for the conflicting findings including variation in study design, biospecimen characteristics, and differences in interlaboratory measurements of TL. Future studies should carefully control for risk factors of PC that are associated also with telomere attrition and investigate the role of genetic variation in TL maintenance.
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133
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Epel ES, Prather AA. Stress, Telomeres, and Psychopathology: Toward a Deeper Understanding of a Triad of Early Aging. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2018; 14:371-397. [PMID: 29494257 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres play an important part in aging and show relationships to lifetime adversity, particularly childhood adversity. Meta-analyses demonstrate reliable associations between psychopathology (primarily depression) and shorter telomere length, but the nature of this relationship has not been fully understood. Here, we review and evaluate the evidence for impaired telomere biology as a consequence of psychopathology or as a contributing factor, and the important mediating roles of chronic psychological stress and impaired allostasis. There is evidence for a triadic relationship among stress, telomere shortening, and psychiatric disorders that is positively reinforcing and unfolds across the life course and, possibly, across generations. We review the role of genetics and biobehavioral responses that may contribute to shorter telomere length, as well as the neurobiological impact of impaired levels of telomerase. These complex interrelationships are important to elucidate because they have implications for mental and physical comorbidity and, potentially, for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry; Center for Health and Community; Aging, Metabolism, and Emotions Center; University of California, San Francisco, California 94118, USA; ,
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Naidoo D, Schembri A, Cohen M. The health impact of residential retreats: a systematic review. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:8. [PMID: 29316909 PMCID: PMC5761096 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Unhealthy lifestyles are a major factor in the development and exacerbation of many chronic diseases. Improving lifestyles though immersive residential experiences that promote healthy behaviours is a focus of the health retreat industry. This systematic review aims to identify and explore published studies on the health, wellbeing and economic impact of retreat experiences. Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsychINFO databases were searched for residential retreat studies in English published prior to February 2017. Studies were included if they were written in English, involved an intervention program in a residential setting of one or more nights, and included before-and-after data related to the health of participants. Studies that did not meet the above criteria or contained only descriptive data from interviews or case studies were excluded. Results A total of 23 studies including eight randomised controlled trials, six non-randomised controlled trials and nine longitudinal cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies included a total of 2592 participants from diverse geographical and demographic populations and a great heterogeneity of outcome measures, with seven studies examining objective outcomes such as blood pressure or biological makers of disease, and 16 studies examining subjective outcomes that mostly involved self-reported questionnaires on psychological and spiritual measures. All studies reported post-retreat health benefits ranging from immediately after to five-years post-retreat. Study populations varied widely and most studies had small sample sizes, poorly described methodology and little follow-up data, and no studies reported on health economic outcomes or adverse effects, making it difficult to make definite conclusions about specific conditions, safety or return on investment. Conclusions Health retreat experiences appear to have health benefits that include benefits for people with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, various cancers, HIV/AIDS, heart conditions and mental health. Future research with larger numbers of subjects and longer follow-up periods are needed to investigate the health impact of different retreat experiences and the clinical populations most likely to benefit. Further studies are also needed to determine the economic benefits of retreat experiences for individuals, as well as for businesses, health insurers and policy makers.
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Demark-Wahnefried W, Cases MG, Cantor AB, Frugé AD, Smith KP, Locher J, Cohen HJ, Tsuruta Y, Daniel M, Kala R, De Los Santos JF. Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Home Vegetable Gardening Intervention among Older Cancer Survivors Shows Feasibility, Satisfaction, and Promise in Improving Vegetable and Fruit Consumption, Reassurance of Worth, and the Trajectory of Central Adiposity. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:689-704. [PMID: 29305129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holistic approaches are sought to improve lifestyle behaviors and health of cancer survivors long term. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to explore whether a home-based vegetable gardening intervention is feasible and whether it improves diet and other health-related outcomes among older cancer survivors. DESIGN We conducted a feasibility trial in which cancer survivors were randomized to receive a year-long gardening intervention immediately or to a wait-list control arm. Home visits at baseline and 1 year assessed physical performance, anthropometric indices, behavioral and psychosocial outcomes, and biomarkers. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included 46 older (aged 60+ years) survivors of locoregionally staged cancers across Alabama from 2014 to 2016. Forty-two completed 1-year follow-up. INTERVENTION Cooperative extension master gardeners delivered guidance to establish three seasonal vegetable gardens at survivors' homes. Plants, seeds, and gardening supplies were provided. OUTCOMES Primary outcomes were feasibility targets of 80% accrual and retention, and an absence of serious adverse events; other outcomes were secondary and explored potential benefits. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Baseline to follow-up changes were assessed within and between arms using paired t, McNemar's, and χ2 tests. RESULTS This trial proved to be safe and demonstrated 91.3% retention; 70% of intervention participants rated their experience as "excellent," and 85% would "do it again." Data suggest significantly increased reassurance of worth (+0.49 vs -0.45) and attenuated increases in waist circumference (+2.30 cm vs +7.96 cm) in the gardening vs control arms (P=0.02). Vegetable and fruit consumption increased by approximately 1 serving/day within the gardening arm from baseline to follow-up (mean [standard error]=1.34 [1.2] to 2.25 [1.9] servings/day; P=0.02)] compared to controls (1.22 [1.1] to 1.12 [0.7]; P=0.77; between-arm P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS The home vegetable gardening intervention among older cancer survivors was feasible and suggested improvements in vegetable and fruit consumption and reassurance of worth; data also suggest attenuated increases in waist circumference. Continued study of vegetable gardening interventions is warranted to improve health, health behaviors, and well-being of older cancer survivors.
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Abstract
The ageing trajectory is plastic and can be slowed down by lifestyle factors, including good nutrition, adequate physical activity and avoidance of smoking. In humans, plant-based diets such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern are associated with healthier ageing and lower risk of age-related disease, whereas obesity accelerates ageing and increases the likelihood of most common complex diseases including CVD, T2D, dementia, musculoskeletal diseases and several cancers. As yet, there is only weak evidence in humans about the molecular mechanisms through which dietary factors modulate ageing but evidence from cell systems and animal models suggest that it is probable that better dietary choices influence all 9 hallmarks of ageing. It seems likely that better eating patterns retard ageing in at least two ways including (i) by reducing pervasive damaging processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress/redox changes and metabolic stress and (ii) by enhancing cellular capacities for damage management and repair. From a societal perspective, there is an urgent imperative to discover, and to implement, cost-effective lifestyle (especially dietary) interventions which enable each of us to age well, i.e. to remain physically and socially active and independent and to minimise the period towards the end of life when individuals suffer from frailty and multi-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Manoliu A, Bosch OG, Brakowski J, Brühl AB, Seifritz E. The potential impact of biochemical mediators on telomere attrition in major depressive disorder and implications for future study designs: A narrative review. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:630-646. [PMID: 28889049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been proposed to represent a "disease of premature aging", which is associated with certain biomarkers of cellular ageing and numerous other age-related diseases. Over the last decade, telomere length (TL) arose as a surrogate for cellular aging. Recent data suggests that TL might be reduced in patients with MDD, however, results are still inconclusive. This might be explained by the lack of assessment of potential biochemical mediators that are directly associated with telomere shortening and frequently observed in patients with MDD. METHODS A narrative review was performed. The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies. RESULTS We identified four major mediators, which are recurrently reported in patients with MDD and are associated with reduced TL: inflammation/oxidative stress, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic dysbalance including insulin resistance, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These mediators are also mutually associated and were not systematically assessed in current studies investigating TL and MDD, which might explain inconclusive findings across current literature. Finally, we discuss possible ways to assess those mediators and potential implications of such approaches for future research. LIMITATIONS The majority of identified studies had cross-sectional designs and used heterogeneous methods to assess TL and associated relevant biochemical mediators. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the complex interactions between biochemical mediators, somatic comorbidities and shortened telomeres in patients with MDD might further specify the pathophysiology-based conceptualization and, based on that, personalized treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Manoliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver G Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janis Brakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette B Brühl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Johnson BR, Pagano ME, Lee MT, Post SG. Alone on the Inside: The Impact of Social Isolation and Helping Others on AOD Use and Criminal Activity. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2018; 50:529-550. [PMID: 29628533 PMCID: PMC5889144 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x15617400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Because addiction is a socially isolating disease, social support for recovery is an important element of treatment planning. This study examines the relationship between social isolation, giving and receiving social support in Alcoholics Anonymous during treatment, and post-treatment outcomes among juvenile offenders court-referred to addiction treatment. Adolescents (N = 195) aged 14 to 18 years were prospectively assessed at treatment admission, treatment discharge, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment discharge. The influence of social isolation variables on relapse and severe criminal activity in the 12-months post-treatment was examined using negative binomial logistic regressions and event history methods. Juveniles entering treatment with social estrangement were significantly more likely to relapse, be incarcerated, and commit a violent crime in the 12-months post-treatment. Giving help to others in Alcoholics Anonymous during treatment significantly reduced the risk of relapse, incarceration, and violent crime in the 12-months post-treatment whereas receiving help did not.
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Abstract
Telomeres, the repetitive sequences that protect the ends of chromosomes, help to maintain genomic integrity and are of key importance to human health. Telomeres progressively shorten throughout life and a number of studies have shown shorter telomere length to be associated with lifestyle disorders. Previous studies also indicate that yoga and lifestyle-based intervention have significant role on oxidative DNA damage and cellular aging. However, very few publications investigate telomere stability and its implication from the point of view of asana, pranayama, and meditation. In this context, a review was conducted to systematically assess the available data on the effectiveness of asana, pranayama, and meditation in maintaining telomere and telomerase. Literature search was performed using the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science. We explored the possible mechanisms of how asana, pranayama, and meditation might be affecting telomere length and telomerase. Moreover, results showed that asana and pranayama increase the oxygen flow to the cells and meditation reduces the stress level by modulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Summing up the result, it can be concluded that practice of asana, pranayama, and meditation can help to maintain genomic integrity and are of key importance to human health and lifestyle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessy Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Vidacek NŠ, Nanic L, Ravlic S, Sopta M, Geric M, Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Rubelj I. Telomeres, Nutrition, and Longevity: Can We Really Navigate Our Aging? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 73:39-47. [PMID: 28510637 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are dynamic chromosome-end structures that serve as guardians of genome stability. They are known to be one of the major determinants of aging and longevity in higher mammals. Studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between telomere length and life expectancy, stress, DNA damage, and onset of aging-related diseases. This review discusses the most important factors that influence our telomeres. Various genetic and environmental factors such as diet, physical activity, obesity, and stress are known to influence health and longevity as well as telomere dynamics. Individuals currently have the opportunity to modulate the dynamics of their aging and health span, monitor these processes, and even make future projections by following their telomere dynamics. As telomeres react to positive as well as negative health factors, we should be able to directly influence our telomere metabolism, slow their deterioration, and diminish our aging and perhaps extend our life and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Nanic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanda Ravlic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mary Sopta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Geric
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jaffee EM, Dang CV, Agus DB, Alexander BM, Anderson KC, Ashworth A, Barker AD, Bastani R, Bhatia S, Bluestone JA, Brawley O, Butte AJ, Coit DG, Davidson NE, Davis M, DePinho RA, Diasio RB, Draetta G, Frazier AL, Futreal A, Gambhir SS, Ganz PA, Garraway L, Gerson S, Gupta S, Heath J, Hoffman RI, Hudis C, Hughes-Halbert C, Ibrahim R, Jadvar H, Kavanagh B, Kittles R, Le QT, Lippman SM, Mankoff D, Mardis ER, Mayer DK, McMasters K, Meropol NJ, Mitchell B, Naredi P, Ornish D, Pawlik TM, Peppercorn J, Pomper MG, Raghavan D, Ritchie C, Schwarz SW, Sullivan R, Wahl R, Wolchok JD, Wong SL, Yung A. Future cancer research priorities in the USA: a Lancet Oncology Commission. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e653-e706. [PMID: 29208398 PMCID: PMC6178838 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We are in the midst of a technological revolution that is providing new insights into human biology and cancer. In this era of big data, we are amassing large amounts of information that is transforming how we approach cancer treatment and prevention. Enactment of the Cancer Moonshot within the 21st Century Cures Act in the USA arrived at a propitious moment in the advancement of knowledge, providing nearly US$2 billion of funding for cancer research and precision medicine. In 2016, the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP) set out a roadmap of recommendations designed to exploit new advances in cancer diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Those recommendations provided a high-level view of how to accelerate the conversion of new scientific discoveries into effective treatments and prevention for cancer. The US National Cancer Institute is already implementing some of those recommendations. As experts in the priority areas identified by the BRP, we bolster those recommendations to implement this important scientific roadmap. In this Commission, we examine the BRP recommendations in greater detail and expand the discussion to include additional priority areas, including surgical oncology, radiation oncology, imaging, health systems and health disparities, regulation and financing, population science, and oncopolicy. We prioritise areas of research in the USA that we believe would accelerate efforts to benefit patients with cancer. Finally, we hope the recommendations in this report will facilitate new international collaborations to further enhance global efforts in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Van Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research New York, NY; Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - David B Agus
- University of Southern California, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Brian M Alexander
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Roshan Bastani
- Fielding School of Public Health and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sangeeta Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Atul J Butte
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel G Coit
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Davis
- California Institute for Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Giulio Draetta
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Ganz
- Fielding School of Public Health and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Levi Garraway
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Eli Lilly and Company, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sumit Gupta
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine and IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Heath
- California Institute for Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ruth I Hoffman
- American Childhood Cancer Organization, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Cliff Hudis
- Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes-Halbert
- Medical University of South Carolina and the Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ramy Ibrahim
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hossein Jadvar
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Kavanagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rick Kittles
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Scott M Lippman
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Mankoff
- Department of Radiology and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deborah K Mayer
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelly McMasters
- The Hiram C Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dean Ornish
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Martin G Pomper
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek Raghavan
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Sally W Schwarz
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Wahl
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandra L Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Alfred Yung
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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144
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Eyre HA, Acevedo B, Yang H, Siddarth P, Van Dyk K, Ercoli L, Leaver AM, Cyr NS, Narr K, Baune BT, Khalsa DS, Lavretsky H. Changes in Neural Connectivity and Memory Following a Yoga Intervention for Older Adults: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:673-84. [PMID: 27060939 PMCID: PMC4927889 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: No study has explored the effect of yoga on cognitive decline and resting-state functional connectivity. Objectives: This study explored the relationship between performance on memory tests and resting-state functional connectivity before and after a yoga intervention versus active control for subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Participants ( ≥ 55 y) with MCI were randomized to receive a yoga intervention or active “gold-standard” control (i.e., memory enhancement training (MET)) for 12 weeks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to map correlations between brain networks and memory performance changes over time. Default mode networks (DMN), language and superior parietal networks were chosen as networks of interest to analyze the association with changes in verbal and visuospatial memory performance. Results: Fourteen yoga and 11 MET participants completed the study. The yoga group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in depression and visuospatial memory. We observed improved verbal memory performance correlated with increased connectivity between the DMN and frontal medial cortex, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, right middle frontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and left lateral occipital cortex. Improved verbal memory performance positively correlated with increased connectivity between the language processing network and the left inferior frontal gyrus. Improved visuospatial memory performance correlated inversely with connectivity between the superior parietal network and the medial parietal cortex. Conclusion:Yoga may be as effective as MET in improving functional connectivity in relation to verbal memory performance. These findings should be confirmed in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris A Eyre
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bianca Acevedo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Van Dyk
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amber M Leaver
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie St Cyr
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dharma S Khalsa
- Alzheimer's Research and Prevention Foundation, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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145
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Due to medical advances and an aging population, the number of cancer survivors continues to rise. Survivors often experience late and long-term sequelae of cancer and its treatment (e.g., fatigue, pain, fear of recurrence, and stress). As a result, some patients have utilized or expressed interest in integrative medicine (IM) modalities for prevention of recurrence, optimizing health, enhancing quality of life, and managing symptoms. The purpose of this review is to focus on research published during the past year that informs our understanding of the utility of IM for cancer survivors. RECENT FINDINGS Physical activity, diet, dietary supplements, mind-body modalities, acupuncture, and massage therapy all may play a role in the management of the physical (e.g., fatigue and pain) and emotional (e.g., anxiety and fear) issues faced by cancer survivors. SUMMARY IM therapies are appealing to and utilized by many cancer survivors and may reduce symptom burden. Clinicians who provide cancer survivorship care may improve patient care by understanding the evidence for and against their use.
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146
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Coimbra BM, Carvalho CM, Moretti PN, Mello MF, Belangero SI. Stress-related telomere length in children: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:47-54. [PMID: 28407508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromatids that shorten following each cell replication. Once telomeres reach a critical length, DNA defense mechanisms can direct cells to either a state of arrest (senescence) or apoptosis. Stress induced by adversity is a probable cause of accelerated telomere shortening from an early age. However, few studies have examined the association between stress and telomere length in children, and it remains unclear whether young individuals may show signs of cellular aging early in life. Our aim was to examine whether adversity in childhood is associated with shortening of telomere length. We conducted a systematic review of studies that investigated the association between stress and telomere length in children from 3 to 15 years of age. Eleven studies met our selection criteria. We concluded that adversity in childhood (such as violence, low socioeconomic status, maternal depression, family disruption, and institutionalization) have an impact on telomere length. This suggests that exposed individuals show signs of accelerated erosion of telomeric ends from an early age. We discuss whether telomere shortening is related to negative health outcomes later in life or could be a biomarker predicting health outcomes. We believe that further large-scale longitudinal studies that repeatedly monitor telomere length are very important for providing a better assessment of telomere trajectory in psychologically stressed children. This will verify the extent to which adversity impacts upon the biological development of cell aging in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Messina Coimbra
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LINC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Natalia Moretti
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LINC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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147
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Ploussard G, Hennequin C, Rozet F. [Active surveillance of prostate cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2017; 21:437-441. [PMID: 28847461 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several prospective studies have demonstrated the safety of active surveillance as a first treatment of prostate cancer. It spares many patients of a useless treatment, with its potential sequelae. Patients with a low-risk cancer are all candidates for this approach, as recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Some patients with an intermediate risk could be also concerned by active surveillance, but this is still being discussed. Currently, the presence of grade 4 lesions on biopsy is a contra-indication. Modalities included a repeated prostate specific antigen test and systematic rebiopsy during the first year after diagnosis. MRI is now proposed to better select patients at inclusion and also during surveillance. No life style changes or drugs are significantly associated with a longer duration of surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ploussard
- Clinique Saint-Jean-du-Languedoc, 20, route de Revel, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - C Hennequin
- Service de cancérologie-radiothérapie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefeaux, 75475 Paris, France
| | - F Rozet
- Service d'urologie, institut mutualiste Montsouris, 42, boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France.
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148
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Dimauro I, Sgura A, Pittaluga M, Magi F, Fantini C, Mancinelli R, Sgadari A, Fulle S, Caporossi D. Regular exercise participation improves genomic stability in diabetic patients: an exploratory study to analyse telomere length and DNA damage. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646223 PMCID: PMC5482873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been demonstrated to be effective in the prevention and treatment of different chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). In particular, several studies highlighted how the beneficial effects of physical activity may be related to the stability of the DNA molecule, such as longer telomeric ends. Here we analyze the effect of exercise training on telomere length, spontaneous and H2O2-induced DNA damage, as well as the apoptosis level in leukocytes from untrained or trained T2D patients vs. age-matched control subjects (CS) (57–66 years). Moreover, expression analysis of selected genes belonging to DNA repair systems, cell cycle control, antioxidant and defence systems was performed. Subjects that participated in a regular exercise program showed a longer telomere sequence than untrained counterparts. Moreover, ex vivo treatment of leukocytes with H2O2 highlighted that: (1) oxidative DNA damage induced similar telomere attrition in all groups; (2) in T2D subjects, physical activity seemed to prevent a significant increase of genomic oxidative DNA damage induced by chronic exposure to pro-oxidant stimulus, and (3) decreased the sensitivity of leukocytes to apoptosis. Finally, the gene expression analysis in T2D subjects suggested an adaptive response to prolonged exercise training that improved the response of specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Pittaluga
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of Miology (IIM), University "G d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Sgadari
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Physiatry, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of Miology (IIM), University "G d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the guidelines national committee CCAFU was to propose updated french guidelines for localized and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS A Medline search was achieved between 2013 and 2016, as regards diagnosis, options of treatment and follow-up of PCa, to evaluate different references with levels of evidence. RESULTS Epidemiology, classification, staging systems, diagnostic evaluation are reported. Disease management options are detailed. Recommandations are reported according to the different clinical situations. Active surveillance is a major option in low risk PCa. Radical prostatectomy remains a standard of care of localized PCa. The three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is the technical standard. A dose of > 74Gy is recommended. Moderate hypofractionation provides short-term biochemical control comparable to conventional fractionation. In case of intermediate risk PCa, radiotherapy can be combined with short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In case of high risk disease, long-term ADT remains the standard of care. ADT is the backbone therapy of metastatic disease. In men with metastases at first presentation, upfront chemotherapy combined with ADT should be considered as a new standard. In case of metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC), new hormonal treatments and chemotherapy provide a better control of tumor progression and increase survival. CONCLUSIONS These updated french guidelines will contribute to increase the level of urological care for the diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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150
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Moug SJ, Bryce A, Mutrie N, Anderson AS. Lifestyle interventions are feasible in patients with colorectal cancer with potential short-term health benefits: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:765-775. [PMID: 28374148 PMCID: PMC5432596 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-017-2797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle interventions have been proposed to improve cancer survivorship in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but with treatment pathways becoming increasingly multi-modal and prolonged, opportunities for interventions may be limited. This systematic review assessed the evidence for the feasibility of performing lifestyle interventions in CRC patients and evaluated any short- and long-term health benefits. METHODS Using PRISMA Guidelines, selected keywords identified randomised controlled studies (RCTs) of lifestyle interventions [smoking, alcohol, physical activity (PA) and diet/excess body weight] in CRC patients. These electronic databases were searched in June 2015: Dynamed, Cochrane Database, OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, and PEDro. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs were identified: PA RCTs (n = 10) consisted mainly of telephone-prompted walking or cycling interventions of varied durations, predominately in adjuvant setting; dietary/excess weight interventions RCTs (n = 4) focused on low-fat and/or high-fibre diets within a multi-modal lifestyle intervention. There were no reported RCTs in smoking or alcohol cessation/reduction. PA and/or dietary/excess weight interventions reported variable recruitment rates, but good adherence and retention/follow-up rates, leading to short-term improvements in dietary quality, physical, psychological and quality-of-life parameters. Only one study assessed long-term follow-up, finding significantly improved cancer-specific survival after dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review on lifestyle interventions in patients with CRC finding these interventions to be feasible with improvements in short-term health. Future work should focus on defining the optimal type of intervention (type, duration, timing and intensity) that not only leads to improved short-term outcomes but also assesses long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Moug
- The University of Glasgow, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Corsebar Road, Paisley, PA2 9PN, UK.
| | - Adam Bryce
- The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, St. Leonard's Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK
| | - Annie S Anderson
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Medical School, Level 7, Mailbox 7, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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