101
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Song Y, Liao M, Zhao X, Han H, Dong X, Wang X, Du M, Yan H. Vitreous M2 Macrophage-Derived Microparticles Promote RPE Cell Proliferation and Migration in Traumatic Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34554178 PMCID: PMC8475283 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize vitreous microparticles (MPs) in patients with traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and investigate their role in PVR pathogenesis. Methods Vitreous MPs were characterized in patients with traumatic PVR, patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated with PVR, and control subjects by flow cytometry. The presence of M2 macrophages in epiretinal membranes was measured by immunostaining. Vitreous cytokines were quantified by ELISA assay. For in vitro studies, MPs isolated from THP-1 cell differentiated M1 and M2 macrophages, termed M1-MPs and M2-MPs, were used. The effects and mechanisms of M1-MPs and M2-MPs on RPE cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition were analyzed. Results Vitreous MPs derived from photoreceptors, microglia, and macrophages were significantly increased in patients with traumatic PVR in comparison with control and patients with RRD (PVR), whereas no significance was identified between the two control groups. M2 macrophages were present in epiretinal membranes, and their signature cytokines were markedly elevated in the vitreous of patients with traumatic PVR. Moreover, MPs from M2 macrophages were increased in the vitreous of patients with traumatic PVR. In vitro analyses showed that M2-MPs promoted the proliferation and migration of RPE cells via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. However, M2-MPs did not induce the expression of fibrotic proteins, including fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and N-cadherin in RPE cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated increased MP shedding in the vitreous of patients with traumatic PVR; specifically, MPs derived from M2 polarized macrophages may contribute to PVR progression by stimulating RPE cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyu Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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102
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Steelman ZA, Sedelnikova A, Coker ZN, Kiester A, Noojin G, Ibey BL, Bixler JN. Visualizing bleb mass dynamics in single cells using quantitative phase microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:G10-G18. [PMID: 34613190 DOI: 10.1364/ao.426147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding biological responses to directed energy (DE) is critical to ensure the safety of personnel within the Department of Defense. At the Air Force Research Laboratory, we have developed or adapted advanced optical imaging systems that quantify biophysical responses to DE. One notable cellular response to DE exposure is the formation of blebs, or semi-spherical protrusions of the plasma membrane in living cells. In this work, we demonstrate the capacity of quantitative phase imaging (QPI) to both visualize and quantify the formation of membrane blebs following DE exposure. QPI is an interferometric imaging tool that uses optical path length as a label-free contrast mechanism and is sensitive to the non-aqueous mass density, or dry mass, of living cells. Blebs from both CHO-K1 and U937 cells were generated after exposure to a series of 600 ns, 21.2 kV/cm electric pulses. These blebs were visualized in real time, and their dry mass relative to the rest of the cell body was quantified as a function of time. It is our hope that this system will lead to an improved understanding of both DE-induced and apoptotic blebbing.
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103
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Belli R, Ferraro E, Molfino A, Carletti R, Tambaro F, Costelli P, Muscaritoli M. Liquid Biopsy for Cancer Cachexia: Focus on Muscle-Derived microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169007. [PMID: 34445710 PMCID: PMC8396502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia displays a complex nature in which systemic inflammation, impaired energy metabolism, loss of muscle and adipose tissues result in unintentional body weight loss. Cachectic patients have a poor prognosis and the presence of cachexia reduces the tolerability of chemo/radio-therapy treatments and it is frequently the primary cause of death in advanced cancer patients. Early detection of this condition could make treatments more effective. However, early diagnostic biomarkers of cachexia are currently lacking. In recent years, although solid biopsy still remains the "gold standard" for diagnosis of cancer, liquid biopsy is gaining increasing interest as a source of easily accessible potential biomarkers. Moreover, the growing interest in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), has made these molecules attractive for the diagnosis of several diseases, including cancer. Some muscle-derived circulating miRNA might play a pivotal role in the onset/progression of cancer cachexia. This topic is of great interest since circulating miRNAs might be easily detectable by means of liquid biopsies and might allow an early diagnosis of this syndrome. We here summarize the current knowledge on circulating muscular miRNAs involved in muscle atrophy, since they might represent easily accessible and promising biomarkers of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Belli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.M.); Tel./Fax: +390-649-972-020 (M.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Federica Tambaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.M.); Tel./Fax: +390-649-972-020 (M.M.)
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104
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Unleashing the therapeutic potential of apoptotic bodies. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2079-2088. [PMID: 32869835 PMCID: PMC7609033 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound vesicles that are naturally released by cells, have emerged as new therapeutic opportunities. EVs, particularly exosomes and microvesicles, can transfer effector molecules and elicit potent responses in recipient cells, making them attractive therapeutic targets and drug delivery platforms. Furthermore, containing predictive biomarkers and often being dysregulated in various disease settings, these EVs are being exploited for diagnostic purposes. In contrast, the therapeutic application of apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), a distinct type of EVs released by cells undergoing a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis, has been largely unexplored. Recent studies have shed light on ApoBD biogenesis and functions, promisingly implicating their therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss many strategies to develop ApoBD-based therapies as well as highlight their advantages and challenges, thereby positioning ApoBD for potential EV-based therapy.
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105
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Toki S, Yoshimaru T, Matsushita Y, Aihara H, Ono M, Tsuneyama K, Sairyo K, Katagiri T. The survival and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells are dependent on the mitochondrial BIG3-PHB2 complex formation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4208-4219. [PMID: 34363714 PMCID: PMC8486206 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported the critical role of the brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide exchange protein 3-prohibitin 2 (BIG3-PHB2) complex in modulating estrogen signaling activation in breast cancer cells, yet its pathophysiological roles in osteosarcoma (OS) cells remain elusive. Here, we report a novel function of BIG3-PHB2 in OS malignancy. BIG3-PHB2 complexes were localized mainly in mitochondria in OS cells, unlike in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Depletion of endogenous BIG3 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment led to significant inhibition of OS cell growth. Disruption of BIG3-PHB2 complex formation by treatment with specific peptide inhibitor also resulted in significant dose-dependent suppression of OS cell growth, migration, and invasion resulting from G2/M-phase arrest and in PARP cleavage, ultimately leading to PARP-1/apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) pathway activation-dependent apoptosis in OS cells. Subsequent proteomic and bioinformatic pathway analyses revealed that disruption of the BIG3-PHB2 complex might lead to downregulation of inner mitochondrial membrane protein complex activity. Our findings indicate that the mitochondrial BIG3-PHB2 complex might regulate PARP-1/AIF pathway-dependent apoptosis during OS cell proliferation and progression and that disruption of this complex may be a promising therapeutic strategy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Toki
- Division of Genome Medicine, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yoshimaru
- Division of Genome Medicine, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Division of Genome Medicine, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aihara
- Division of Genome Medicine, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Sairyo
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Division of Genome Medicine, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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106
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Tran NNQ, Chun KH. ROCK2-Specific Inhibitor KD025 Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation by Inhibiting Casein Kinase 2. Molecules 2021; 26:4747. [PMID: 34443331 PMCID: PMC8401933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KD025, a ROCK2 isoform-specific inhibitor, has an anti-adipogenic activity which is not mediated by ROCK2 inhibition. To identify the target, we searched binding targets of KD025 by using the KINOMEscanTM screening platform, and we identified casein kinase 2 (CK2) as a novel target. KD025 showed comparable binding affinity to CK2α (Kd = 128 nM). By contrast, CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 and ROCK inhibitor fasudil did not show such cross-reactivity. In addition, KD025 effectively inhibited CK2 at a nanomolar concentration (IC50 = 50 nM). We examined if the inhibitory effect of KD025 on adipocyte differentiation is through the inhibition of CK2. Both CX-4945 and KD025 suppressed the generation of lipid droplets and the expression of proadipogenic genes Pparg and Cebpa in 3T3-L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation. Fasudil exerted no significant effect on the quantity of lipid droplets, but another ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 increased the expression of Pparg and Cebpa. Both CX-4945 and KD025 acted specifically in the middle stage (days 1-3) but were ineffective when treated at days 0-1 or the late stages, indicating that CX-4945 and KD025 may regulate the same target, CK2. The mRNA and protein levels of CK2α and CK2β generally decreased in 3T3-L1 cells at day 2 but recovered thereafter. Other well-known CK2 inhibitors DMAT and quinalizarin inhibited effectively the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, the results of this study confirmed that KD025 inhibits ROCK2 and CK2, and that the inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation is through the inhibition of CK2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
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107
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Garrido-Casado M, Asensio-Juárez G, Vicente-Manzanares M. Nonmuscle Myosin II Regulation Directs Its Multiple Roles in Cell Migration and Division. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:285-310. [PMID: 34314591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-042721-105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is a multimeric protein complex that generates most mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. NMII function is controlled at three main levels. The first level includes events that trigger conformational changes that extend the complex to enable its assembly into filaments. The second level controls the ATPase activity of the complex and its binding to microfilaments in extended NMII filaments. The third level includes events that modulate the stability and contractility of the filaments. They all work in concert to finely control force generation inside cells. NMII is a common endpoint of mechanochemical signaling pathways that control cellular responses to physical and chemical extracellular cues. Specific phosphorylations modulate NMII activation in a context-dependent manner. A few kinases control these phosphorylations in a spatially, temporally, and lineage-restricted fashion, enabling functional adaptability to the cellular microenvironment. Here, we review mechanisms that control NMII activity in the context of cell migration and division. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido-Casado
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Gloria Asensio-Juárez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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108
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Watanabe M, Ida Y, Ohguro H, Ota C, Hikage F. Diverse effects of pan-ROCK and ROCK2 inhibitors on 2 D and 3D cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells treated with TGFβ2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15286. [PMID: 34315994 PMCID: PMC8316578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A pan-ROCK-inhibitor, ripasudil (Rip), and a ROCK2 inhibitor, KD025, were used To study the effects of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK)1 and 2 on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of a TGFβ2-treated human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. In the presence of 5 ng/mL TGFβ2, the effects of these inhibitors were characterized by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), FITC-dextran permeability, and the size and stiffness of 3D sphenoids, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen1, 4 and 6, and fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1–4, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, 9 and 14. TGFβ2 caused a significant increase in the TEER values, and decrease in FITC-dextran permeability, as well as a decrease in the sizes and stiffness of the 3D sphenoids. In the presence of ROCK inhibitors, the TGFβ2-induced effects of the TEER and FITC-dextran permeability were inhibited, especially by KD025. Rip induced a significant increase in sizes and a decrease in the stiffness of the TGFβ2-treated 3D sphenoids, although the effects of KD025 were weaker. Gene expressions of most of the ECMs, TIMP2 and MMP9 of 2D and 3D HTM cells were significantly up-regulated by TGFβ2. Those were significantly and differently modulated by Rip or KD025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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109
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Nguyen TTM, Gillet G, Popgeorgiev N. Caspases in the Developing Central Nervous System: Apoptosis and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702404. [PMID: 34336853 PMCID: PMC8322698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase family of cysteine proteases represents the executioners of programmed cell death (PCD) type I or apoptosis. For years, caspases have been known for their critical roles in shaping embryonic structures, including the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, recent findings have suggested that aside from their roles in eliminating unnecessary neural cells, caspases are also implicated in other neurodevelopmental processes such as axon guidance, synapse formation, axon pruning, and synaptic functions. These results raise the question as to how neurons regulate this decision-making, leading either to cell death or to proper development and differentiation. This review highlights current knowledge on apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions of caspases in the developing CNS. We also discuss the molecular factors involved in the regulation of caspase-mediated roles, emphasizing the mitochondrial pathway of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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110
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Baasch S, Giansanti P, Kolter J, Riedl A, Forde AJ, Runge S, Zenke S, Elling R, Halenius A, Brabletz S, Hengel H, Kuster B, Brabletz T, Cicin-Sain L, Arens R, Vlachos A, Rohr JC, Stemmler MP, Kopf M, Ruzsics Z, Henneke P. Cytomegalovirus subverts macrophage identity. Cell 2021; 184:3774-3793.e25. [PMID: 34115982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have co-evolved with their mammalian hosts for millions of years, leading to remarkable host specificity and high infection prevalence. Macrophages, which already populate barrier tissues in the embryo, are the predominant immune cells at potential CMV entry sites. Here we show that, upon CMV infection, macrophages undergo a morphological, immunophenotypic, and metabolic transformation process with features of stemness, altered migration, enhanced invasiveness, and provision of the cell cycle machinery for viral proliferation. This complex process depends on Wnt signaling and the transcription factor ZEB1. In pulmonary infection, mouse CMV primarily targets and reprograms alveolar macrophages, which alters lung physiology and facilitates primary CMV and secondary bacterial infection by attenuating the inflammatory response. Thus, CMV profoundly perturbs macrophage identity beyond established limits of plasticity and rewires specific differentiation processes, allowing viral spread and impairing innate tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baasch
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Riedl
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron James Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Solveig Runge
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Zenke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Immune Aging and Chronic Infections Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Christopher Rohr
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Philippe Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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111
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Yan L, Liu Y, Ma XF, Hou D, Zhang YH, Sun Y, Shi SS, Forouzanfar T, Lin HY, Fan J, Wu G. Triclabendazole Induces Pyroptosis by Activating Caspase-3 to Cleave GSDME in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670081. [PMID: 34305590 PMCID: PMC8297466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death, in which gasdermin E (GSDME) plays an important role in cancer cells, which can be induced by activated caspase-3 on apoptotic stimulation. Triclabendazole is a new type of imidazole in fluke resistance and has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of fascioliasis and its functions partially acting through apoptosis-related mechanisms. However, it remains unclear whether triclabendazole has obvious anti-cancer effects on breast cancer cells. In this study, to test the function of triclabendazole on breast cancer, we treated breast cancer cells with triclabendazole and found that triclabendazole induced lytic cell death in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and the dying cells became swollen with evident large bubbles, a typical sign of pyroptosis. Triclabendazole activates apoptosis by regulating the apoptoic protein levels including Bax, Bcl-2, and enhanced cleavage of caspase-8/9/3/7 and PARP. In addition, enhanced cleavage of GSDME was also observed, which indicates the secondary necrosis/pyroptosis is further induced by active caspase-3. Consistent with this, triclabendazole-induced GSDME-N-terminal fragment cleavage and pyroptosis were reduced by caspase-3-specific inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) treatment. Moreover, triclabendazole induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and increased JNK phosphorylation and lytic cell death, which could be rescued by the ROS scavenger (NAC), suggesting that triclabendazole-induced GSDME-dependent pyroptosis is related to the ROS/JNK/Bax-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Besides, we showed that triclabendazole significantly reduced the tumor volume by promoting the cleavage of caspase-3, PARP, and GSDME in the xenograft model. Altogether, our results revealed that triclabendazole induces GSDME-dependent pyroptosis by caspase-3 activation at least partly through augmenting the ROS/JNK/Bax-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, providing insights into this on-the-market drug in its potential new application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Hou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC/VUmc Location and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universitetit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tim Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC/VUmc Location and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universitetit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC/VUmc Location and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universitetit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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112
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Badoual A, Romani L, Unser M. Active Subdivision Surfaces for the Semiautomatic Segmentation of Biomedical Volumes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING SOCIETY 2021; 30:5739-5753. [PMID: 34129498 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2021.3087947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a new family of active surfaces for the semiautomatic segmentation of volumetric objects in 3D biomedical images. We represent our deformable model by a subdivision surface encoded by a small set of control points and generated through a geometric refinement process. The subdivision operator confers important properties to the surface such as smoothness, reproduction of desirable shapes and interpolation of the control points. We deform the subdivision surface through the minimization of suitable gradient-based and region-based energy terms that we have designed for that purpose. In addition, we provide an easy way to combine these energies with convolutional neural networks. Our active subdivision surface satisfies the property of multiresolution, which allows us to adopt a coarse-to-fine optimization strategy. This speeds up the computations and decreases its dependence on initialization compared to singleresolution active surfaces. Performance evaluations on both synthetic and real biomedical data show that our active subdivision surface is robust in the presence of noise and outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we provide a software that gives full control over the active subdivision surface via an intuitive manipulation of the control points.
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113
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Sherman CD, Lodha S, Sahoo S. EV Cargo Sorting in Therapeutic Development for Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1500. [PMID: 34203713 PMCID: PMC8232200 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Thus, therapeutic interventions to circumvent this growing burden are of utmost importance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) actively secreted by most living cells, play a key role in paracrine and endocrine intercellular communication via exchange of biological molecules. As the content of secreted EVs reflect the physiology and pathology of the cell of their origin, EVs play a significant role in cellular homeostasis, disease pathogenesis and diagnostics. Moreover, EVs are gaining popularity in clinics as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicles, transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, genes, miRNAs and other therapeutic agents to target cells to treat diseases and deter disease progression. Despite our limited but growing knowledge of EV biology, it is imperative to understand the complex mechanisms of EV cargo sorting in pursuit of designing next generation EV-based therapeutic delivery systems. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of EV cargo sorting and methods of EV bioengineering and discuss engineered EVs as a potential therapeutic delivery system to treat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustav L. Levy, P.O. Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.D.S.); (S.L.)
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114
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Fu Y, Sui B, Xiang L, Yan X, Wu D, Shi S, Hu X. Emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:596. [PMID: 34108448 PMCID: PMC8190192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) has been recognized as a potent and promising approach to achieve immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, but the mechanisms of how MSCs exert therapeutic effects remain to be elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that transplanted MSCs only briefly remain viable in recipients, after which they undergo apoptosis in the host circulation or in engrafted tissues. Intriguingly, apoptosis of infused MSCs has been revealed to be indispensable for their therapeutic efficacy, while recipient cells can also develop apoptosis as a beneficial response in restoring systemic and local tissue homeostasis. It is notable that apoptotic cells produce apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs), traditionally known as apoptotic bodies (apoBDs), which possess characterized miRnomes and proteomes that contribute to their specialized function and to intercellular communication. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that the impact of apoEVs is long-lasting in health and disease contexts, and they critically mediate the efficacy of MSCT. In this review, we summarize the emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating MSCT, highlighting the potential of apoEVs as cell-free therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.,South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xutong Yan
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Di Wu
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
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115
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Microglial Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for Neurodegeneration Spreading. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060770. [PMID: 34063832 PMCID: PMC8224033 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are the neuroimmune competent cells of the central nervous system. In the adult, microglia are responsible for screening the neuronal parenchyma searching for alterations in homeostasis. Chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in the onset and progression of several disorders in the brain and retina. Microglial cell reactivity occurs in an orchestrated manner and propagates across the neural parenchyma spreading the neuroinflammatory signal from cell to cell. Extracellular vesicles are important vehicles of intercellular communication and act as message carriers across boundaries. Extracellular vesicles can be subdivided in several categories according to their cellular origin (apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes), each presenting, different but sometimes overlapping functions in cell communication. Mounting evidence suggests a role for extracellular vesicles in regulating microglial cell action. Herein, we explore the role of microglial extracellular vesicles as vehicles for cell communication and the mechanisms that trigger their release. In this review we covered the role of microglial extracellular vesicles, focusing on apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes, in the context of neurodegeneration and the impact of these vesicles derived from other cells in microglial cell reactivity.
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116
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Abstract
The epithelium forms a smart barrier to the external environment that can remodel whilst maintaining tissue integrity, a feature important for development, homeostasis, and function. Its dysregulation can lead to diseases ranging from cancer to vision loss. Epithelial remodeling requires reorganization of a thin sheet of actomyosin cortex under the plasma membrane of polarized cells that form basolateral contacts with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Rho GTPases act as spatiotemporal molecular switches in this process, controlling localized actomyosin dynamics. However, the molecular mechanisms that control actomyosin dynamics at the apical cortex are poorly understood. This review focusses on a growing body of evidence that suggest myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK) plays a conserved role in morphogenetic signaling at the apical cortex in diverse cell and tissue remodeling processes. The possible molecular and mechanistic basis for the diverse functions of MRCK at the apical pole will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Department of Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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117
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de Vasconcelos NM, Van Opdenbosch N, Van Gorp H, Martín-Pérez R, Zecchin A, Vandenabeele P, Lamkanfi M. An Apoptotic Caspase Network Safeguards Cell Death Induction in Pyroptotic Macrophages. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107959. [PMID: 32726624 PMCID: PMC7408007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis has emerged as a key mechanism by which inflammasomes promote host defense against microbial pathogens and sterile inflammation. Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated cell lysis is a hallmark of pyroptosis, but our understanding of cell death signaling during pyroptosis is fragmented. Here, we show that independently of GSDMD-mediated plasma membrane permeabilization, inflammasome receptors engage caspase-1 and caspase-8, both of which redundantly promote activation of apoptotic executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7 in pyroptotic macrophages. Impaired GSDMD pore formation downstream of caspase-1 and caspase-8 activation suffices to unmask the apoptotic phenotype of pyroptotic macrophages. Combined inactivation of initiator caspase-1 and caspase-8, or executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7, is required to abolish inflammasome-induced DEVDase activity during pyroptosis and in apoptotic Gsdmd-/- cells. Collectively, these results unveil a robust apoptotic caspase network that is activated in parallel to GSDMD-mediated plasma membrane permeabilization and safeguards cell death induction in pyroptotic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Moraes de Vasconcelos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Opdenbosch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Hanne Van Gorp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Martín-Pérez
- Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Zecchin
- Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Methusalem program, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse 2340, Belgium.
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118
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Wang Z, Wang C, Jiang BH, Shi L, Lin S, Wang L, Liu LZ, Qiu JG, Qin Y, Jia Y. Predictive significance of STK17A in patients with gastric cancer and association with gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:119. [PMID: 33955523 PMCID: PMC8107654 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancer worldwide, and exploring its potential therapeutic targets is particularly important for improving the prognosis of patients with GC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serine/threonine kinase 17a (STK17A) expression and GC prognosis. STK17A expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Standard stable transfection technology was also used to construct overexpression and knockdown cell lines. Wound healing, Transwell, Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, as well as other methods, were used to explore the function and underlying molecular mechanism of STK17A in GC. The results indicated that STK17A overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of GC cells. The clinical significance of STK17A in a cohort of 102 cases of GC was assessed by clinical correlation and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Overexpression of STK17A was demonstrated to be associated with tumor invasion depth (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and poor prognosis in terms of 5-year survival (P<0.001). In addition, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that STK17A expression was an independent risk factor for overall and progress-free survival (P<0.001). Therefore, STK17A may be a valuable biomarker for the prognosis of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Litong Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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119
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Kim K, Min S, Kim D, Kim H, Roh S. A Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitor, Y-27632, Inhibits the Dissociation-Induced Cell Death of Salivary Gland Stem Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092658. [PMID: 34062818 PMCID: PMC8124333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland stem cells (SGSCs) are potential cell sources for the treatment of salivary gland diseases. The control of cell survival is an essential factor for applying stem cells to regenerative medicine or stem cell-based research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on the survival of SGSCs and its underlying mechanisms. SGSCs were isolated from mouse submandibular glands and cultured in suspension. Treatment with Y-27632 restored the viability of SGSCs that was significantly decreased during isolation and the subsequent culture. Y-27632 upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 in SGSCs and, in the apoptosis assay, significantly reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell populations. Matrigel was used to mimic the extracellular environment of an intact salivary gland. The expression of genes regulating apoptosis and the ROCK signaling pathway was significantly reduced when SGSCs were embedded in Matrigel. SGSCs cultured in Matrigel and treated with Y-27632 showed no difference in the total numbers of spheroids and expression levels of apoptosis-regulating genes. Matrigel-embedded SGSCs treated with Y-27632 increased the number of spheroids with budding structures and the expression of acinar cell-specific marker AQP5. We demonstrate the protective effects of Y-27632 against dissociation-induced apoptosis of SGSCs during their culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2333
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120
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Taritla S, Kumari M, Kamat S, Bhat SG, Jayabaskaran C. Optimization of PhysicoChemical Parameters for Production of Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites and Apoptosis Induction Activities in the Culture Extract of a Marine Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:542891. [PMID: 33981211 PMCID: PMC8108993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.542891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungal community in the marine ecosystem has been demonstrated to be relevant source of novel and pharmacologically active secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptosis induction potential in the culture extracts of endophytic fungi associated with Sargassum muticum, a marine brown alga. The cytotoxicity of the four marine endophytes, Aspergillus sp., Nigrospora sphaerica, Talaromyces purpureogenus, and Talaromyces stipitatus, was evaluated by the MTT assay on HeLa cells. Further, several physicochemical parameters, including growth curve, culture media, and organic solvents, were optimized for enhanced cytotoxic activity of the selected extract. The Aspergillus sp. ethyl acetate extract (ASE) showed maximum cytotoxicity on multiple cancer cell lines. Chemical investigation of the metabolites by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed the presence of several compounds, including quinoline, indole, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, and hexadecenoic acid, known to be cytotoxic in ASE. The ASE was then tested for cytotoxicity in vitro on a panel of six human cancer cell lines, namely, HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), Hep G2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), A-549 (lung carcinoma), A-431 (skin/epidermis carcinoma), and LN-229 (glioblastoma). HeLa cells were most vulnerable to ASE treatment with an IC50 value of 24 ± 2 μg/ml. The mechanism of cytotoxicity exhibited by the ASE was further investigated on Hela cells. The results showed that the ASE was capable of inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells through production of reactive oxygen species, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, and activation of the caspase-3 pathway, which shows a possible activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. It also arrested the HeLa cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, eventually leading to apoptosis. Through this study, we add to the knowledge about the marine algae associated with fungal endophytes and report its potential for purifying specific compounds responsible for cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Taritla
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarita G Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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121
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Ocaranza MP, Jalil JE, Altamirano R, de León A, Moya J, Lonis A, Gabrielli L, Nab PM, Córdova S, Paredes A, Vergara I, Bittner A, Sabat K, Pastorini K. Reverse Remodeling in Human Heart Failure after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Is Associated With Reduced RHO-Kinase Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:565724. [PMID: 33967744 PMCID: PMC8104930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.565724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reverse remodeling is a clinically relevant endpoint in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Rho-kinase (ROCK) signaling cascade activation correlates with cardiac remodeling and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in HFrEF patients. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is effective in HFrEF, especially when there is a left bundle block, as this treatment may stimulate reverse remodeling, thereby improving quality of life and prolonging survival for patients with this severe condition. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that ROCK activation is reduced after effective CRT in HFrEF. Methods: ROCK activation in circulating leukocytes was evaluated in 28 HFrHF patients, using Western blot (myosin light chain phosphatase subunit 1 phosphorylation, MYPT1p/t), before and three months after initiation of CRT. LV systolic function and remodeling were assessed by echocardiography. Results: Three months after CRT, LV ejection fraction increased an average of 14.5% (p < 0.001) in 13 patients (responders), while no change was observed in 15 patients (non-responders). End-systolic diameter decreased 16% (p < 0.001) in responders, with no change in non-responders. ROCK activation in PBMCs decreased 66% in responders (p < 0.05) but increased 10% in non-responders (NS). LV end-diastolic diameter was also 5.2 mm larger in non-responders vs. responders (p = 0.058). LV ejection fraction, systolic diameter, and ROCK activation levels were similar in both groups at baseline. Conclusion: In HFrEF patients, 3 months of effective CRT induced reverse myocardial remodeling, and ROCK activation was significantly decreased in circulating leukocytes. Thus, decreased ROCK activation in circulating leukocytes may reflect reverse cardiac remodeling in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Ocaranza
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile.,Center for New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile.,Center for New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ana de León
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jackeline Moya
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Lonis
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul Mac Nab
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Córdova
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Paredes
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Vergara
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Bittner
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karime Sabat
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pastorini
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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122
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Min S, Choe C, Roh S. AQP3 Increases Intercellular Cohesion in NSCLC A549 Cell Spheroids through Exploratory Cell Protrusions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084287. [PMID: 33924231 PMCID: PMC8074759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell aggregation is critical for cell survival following the loss of extracellular matrix attachment and dissemination. However, the underlying mechanotransduction of clustering solitary tumor cells is poorly understood, especially in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Here, we examined whether cell surface protrusions played an important role in facilitating the physical contact between floating cells detached from a substrate. We employed poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-based 3D culture methods to mimic in vivo tumor cell cluster formation. The suprastructural analysis of human NSCLC A549 cell spheroids showed that finger-like protrusions clung together via the actin cytoskeleton. Time-lapse holotomography demonstrated that the finger-like protrusions of free-floating cells in 3D culture displayed exploratory coalescence. Global gene expression analysis demonstrated that the genes in the organic hydroxyl transport were particularly enriched in the A549 cell spheroids. Particularly, the knockdown of the water channel aquaporin 3 gene (AQP3) impaired multicellular aggregate formation in 3D culture through the rearrangement of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Moreover, the cells with reduced levels of AQP3 decreased their transmigration. Overall, these data indicate that cell detachment-upregulated AQP3 contributes to cell surface protrusions through actomyosin cytoskeleton remodeling, causing the aggressive aggregation of free-floating cells dependent on the property of the substratum and collective metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Chungyoul Choe
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.R.); Tel.: +82-221487353 (C.C.); Tel.: +82-28802333 (S.R.)
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.R.); Tel.: +82-221487353 (C.C.); Tel.: +82-28802333 (S.R.)
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123
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Kajiwara K, Beharier O, Chng CP, Goff JP, Ouyang Y, St Croix CM, Huang C, Kagan VE, Hsia KJ, Sadovsky Y. Ferroptosis induces membrane blebbing in placental trophoblasts. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:jcs.255737. [PMID: 33414166 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated, non-apoptotic form of cell death, characterized by hydroxy-peroxidation of discrete phospholipid hydroperoxides, particularly hydroperoxyl (Hp) forms of arachidonoyl- and adrenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, with a downstream cascade of oxidative damage to membrane lipids, proteins and DNA, culminating in cell death. We recently showed that human trophoblasts are particularly sensitive to ferroptosis caused by depletion or inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) or the lipase PLA2G6. Here, we show that trophoblastic ferroptosis is accompanied by a dramatic change in the trophoblast plasma membrane, with macro-blebbing and vesiculation. Immunofluorescence revealed that ferroptotic cell-derived blebs stained positive for F-actin, but negative for cytoplasmic organelle markers. Transfer of conditioned medium that contained detached macrovesicles or co-culture of wild-type target cells with blebbing cells did not stimulate ferroptosis in target cells. Molecular modeling showed that the presence of Hp-phosphatidylethanolamine in the cell membrane promoted its cell ability to be stretched. Together, our data establish that membrane macro-blebbing is characteristic of trophoblast ferroptosis and can serve as a useful marker of this process. Whether or not these blebs are physiologically functional remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kajiwara
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan105-8461
| | - Ofer Beharier
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Choon-Peng Chng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Julie P Goff
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Changjin Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - K Jimmy Hsia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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124
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Phan TK, Fonseka P, Tixeira R, Pathan M, Ang CS, Ozkocak DC, Mathivanan S, Poon IKH. Pannexin-1 channel regulates nuclear content packaging into apoptotic bodies and their size. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000097. [PMID: 33661579 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), which are large extracellular vesicles exclusively released by apoptotic cells, possess therapeutically exploitable properties including biomolecule loadability and transferability. However, current limited understanding of ApoBD biology has hindered its exploration for clinical use. Particularly, as ApoBD-accompanying cargoes (e.g., nucleic acids and proteins) have major influence on their functionality, further insights into the mechanism of biomolecule sorting into ApoBDs are critical to unleash their therapeutic potential. Previous studies suggested pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel, a negative regulator of ApoBD biogenesis, can modify synaptic vesicle contents. We also reported that trovafloxacin (a PANX1 inhibitor) increases proportion of ApoBDs containing DNA. Therefore, we sought to define the role of PANX1 in regulating the sorting of nuclear content into ApoBDs. Here, using flow cytometry and label-free quantitative proteomic analyses, we showed that targeting PANX1 activity during apoptosis, via either pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption, resulted in enrichment of both DNA and nuclear proteins in ApoBDs that were unexpectedly smaller in size. Our data suggest that PANX1, besides being a key regulator of ApoBD formation, also functions as a negative regulator of nuclear content packaging and modulator of ApoBD size. Together, our findings provide further insights into ApoBD biology and form a novel conceptual framework for ApoBD-based therapies through pharmacologically manipulating ApoBD contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Kha Phan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rochelle Tixeira
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohashin Pathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dilara Ceyda Ozkocak
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivan Ka Ho Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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125
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Julian L, Naylor G, Wickman GR, Rath N, Castino G, Stevenson D, Bryson S, Munro J, McGarry L, Mullin M, Rice A, Del Río Hernández A, Olson MF. Defective apoptotic cell contractility provokes sterile inflammation, leading to liver damage and tumour suppression. eLife 2021; 10:e61983. [PMID: 33871359 PMCID: PMC8087448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is characterized by profound morphological changes, but their physiological purpose is unknown. To characterize the role of apoptotic cell contraction, ROCK1 was rendered caspase non-cleavable (ROCK1nc) by mutating aspartate 1113, which revealed that ROCK1 cleavage was necessary for forceful contraction and membrane blebbing. When homozygous ROCK1nc mice were treated with the liver-selective apoptotic stimulus of diethylnitrosamine, ROCK1nc mice had more profound liver damage with greater neutrophil infiltration than wild-type mice. Inhibition of the damage-associated molecular pattern protein HMGB1 or signalling by its cognate receptor TLR4 lowered neutrophil infiltration and reduced liver damage. ROCK1nc mice also developed fewer diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumours, while HMGB1 inhibition increased HCC tumour numbers. Thus, ROCK1 activation and consequent cell contraction are required to limit sterile inflammation and damage amplification following tissue-scale cell death. Additionally, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for acute sterile inflammation as an efficient tumour-suppressive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Julian
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory Naylor
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Grant R Wickman
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Rath
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Castino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson UniversityTorontoCanada
| | - David Stevenson
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Sheila Bryson
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - June Munro
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret Mullin
- Electron Microscopy Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Armandodel Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson UniversityTorontoCanada
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126
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Şimay Demir YD, Özdemir A, Sucularlı C, Benhür E, Ark M. The implication of ROCK 2 as a potential senotherapeutic target via the suppression of the harmful effects of the SASP: Do senescent cancer cells really engulf the other cells? Cell Signal 2021; 84:110007. [PMID: 33845155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced senescent cancer cells secrete several factors in their microenvironment called SASP. Accumulated evidence states that SASP is responsible for some of the harmful effects of chemotherapy such as drug resistance and the induction of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Therefore, to develop senolytic and/or senomorphic drugs, targeting the senescent cells gains importance as a new strategy for preventing the damage that senescent cancer cells cause. In the current work, we evaluated whether Rho/Rho kinase pathway has the potential to be used as a target pathway for the development of senolytic and/or senomorphic drugs in doxorubicin-induced senescent cancer cell lines. We have determined that inhibition of Rho/Rho kinase pathway with CT04 and Y27632 reduced the secretory activity of senescent cancer cells and changed the composition of SASP. Our results indicate that ROCK 2 isoform was responsible for these observed effects on the SASP. In addition, non-senescent cancer cell proliferation and migration accelerated by senescent cells were set back to the pre-induction levels after ROCK inhibition. Moreover, contrary to the previous observations, another important finding of the current work is that senescent HeLa and A549 cells did not engulf the non-senescent HeLa, A549 cells, and non-cancer HUVEC. These results indicate that ROCK inhibitors, in particular ROCK 2 specific inhibitors, have the potential to be developed as novel senomorphic drugs. In addition, we found that all senescent cancer cells do not share the same engulfment ability, and this process should not be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysun Özdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Sucularlı
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elifnur Benhür
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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127
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Afolabi LO, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626577. [PMID: 33854965 PMCID: PMC8039382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of structure–function stability and well-being. ECM detachment in localized tumors precedes abnormal dissemination of tumor cells culminating in metastasis. Programmed cell death (PCD) is activated during tumorigenesis to clear off ECM-detached cells through “anoikis.” However, cancer cells develop several mechanisms for abrogating anoikis, thus promoting their invasiveness and metastasis. Specific factors, such as growth proteins, pH, transcriptional signaling pathways, and oxidative stress, have been reported as drivers of anoikis resistance, thus enhancing cancer proliferation and metastasis. Recent studies highlighted the key contributions of metabolic pathways, enabling the cells to bypass anoikis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis. This review elucidates the dynamics employed by cancer cells to impede anoikis, thus promoting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, the authors have discussed other metabolic intermediates (especially amino acids and nucleotides) that are less explored, which could be crucial for anoikis resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adeleye O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lukman O Afolabi
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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128
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Yu P, Zhang X, Liu N, Tang L, Peng C, Chen X. Pyroptosis: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:128. [PMID: 33776057 PMCID: PMC8005494 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 820] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family. A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors. The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds. In this review, we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis, explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors, and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment. In addition, we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis. In brief, pyroptosis is a double-edged sword for tumors. The rational use of this dual effect will help us further explore the formation and development of tumors, and provide ideas for patients to develop new drugs based on pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Yu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Nian Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ling Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cong Peng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiang Chen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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129
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Xue VW, Yang C, Wong SCC, Cho WCS. Proteomic profiling in extracellular vesicles for cancer detection and monitoring. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000094. [PMID: 33665903 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-size lipid vesicles released by cells, which play essential biological functions in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs participate in cancer development, including invasion, migration, metastasis, and cancer immune modulation. One of the key mechanisms is that EVs affect different cells in the tumor microenvironment through surface-anchor proteins and protein cargos. Moreover, proteins specifically expressed in tumor-derived EVs can be applied in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Besides, the EV proteome also helps to understand drug resistance in cancers and to guide clinical medication. With the development of mass spectrometry and array-based multi-protein detection, the research of EV proteomics has entered a new era. The high-throughput parallel proteomic profiling based on these new platforms allows us to study the impact of EV proteome on cancer progression more comprehensively and to describe the proteomic landscape in cancers with more details. In this article, we review the role and function of different types of EVs in cancer progression. More importantly, we summarize the proteomic profiling of EVs based on different methods and the application of EV proteome in cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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130
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Bioactive compounds from Octopus vulgaris ink extracts exerted anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112119. [PMID: 33722603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Underutilized marine food products such as cephalopods' ink could be sources of bioactive compounds providing health benefits. This study aimed to assess the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects from Octopus vulgaris ink extracts (hexane-, ethyl acetate-, dichloromethane- (DM), and water extracts) using human colorectal (HT-29/HCT116) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells, and LPS-challenged murine RAW 264.7 cells. Except by ethyl-acetate, all of the extracts exhibited anti-proliferative effects without being cytotoxic to ARPE-19 and RAW 264.7 cells. Among DM fractions (F1/F2/F3), DM-F2 showed the highest anti-proliferative effect (LC50 = 52.64 μg/mL), inducing pro-apoptotic morphological disruptions in HCT116 cells. On RAW 264.7 cells, DM-F2 displayed the lowest nitrites reduction and up-regulation of key-cytokines from the JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, and IL-17 pathways. Compared to control, DM-F2 increased IL-4 and decreased NF-κB fluorometric expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Metabolomic analysis of DM-F2 highlighted hexadecanoic acid and 1-(15-methyl-1-oxohexadecyl)-pyrrolidine as the most important metabolites. These compounds also exhibited high in silico binding affinity (-4.6 to -5.8 kcal/mol) to IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-2. Results suggested the joint immuno-modulatory and anti-proliferative effect derived from selected compounds of underutilized marine food products such as ink. This is the first report of such biological activities in extracts from O. vulgaris ink.
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131
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Ferroptosis, trophoblast lipotoxic damage, and adverse pregnancy outcome. Placenta 2021; 108:32-38. [PMID: 33812183 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a central process in the control of tissue development, organismal physiology, and disease. Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of programmed cell death that is uniquely defined by redox-active iron-dependent hydroxy-peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids and a loss of lipid peroxidation repair capacity. This distinctive form of lipotoxic cell death has been recently implicated in multiple human diseases, spanning ischemia-reperfusion heart injury, brain damage, acute kidney injury, cancer, and asthma. Intriguingly, settings that have been associated with ferroptosis are linked to placental physiology and trophoblast injury. Such circumstances include hypoxia-reperfusion during placental development, physiological uterine contractions or pathological changes in placental bed perfusion, the abundance of trophoblastic iron, evidence for lipotoxicity during the pathophysiology of major placental disorders such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, and reduced glutathione peroxidation capacity and lipid peroxidation repair during placental injury. We recently interrogated placental ferroptosis in placental dysfunction in human and mouse pregnancy, dissected its relevance to placental injury, and validated the role of glutathione peroxidase-4 in guarding placental trophoblasts against ferroptotic injury. We also uncovered a role for the phospholipase PLA2G6 (PNPLA9) in attenuating trophoblast ferroptosis. Here, we summarize current data on trophoblast ferroptosis, and the role of several proteins and microRNAs as regulators of this process. Our text offers insights into new opportunities for regulating ferroptosis as a means for protecting placental trophoblasts against lipotoxic injury.
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132
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Balaji S, Terrero D, Tiwari AK, Ashby CR, Raman D. Alternative approaches to overcome chemoresistance to apoptosis in cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 126:91-122. [PMID: 34090621 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is essential for organogenesis and homeostatic maintenance of normal cell populations. Apoptotic stimuli activate the intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathways to induce cell death due to perturbations in the intracellular and extracellular microenvironments, respectively. In patients with cancer, the induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs and radiation can produce cancer cell death. However, tumor cells can adapt and become refractory to apoptosis-inducing therapies, resulting in the development of clinical resistance to apoptosis. Drug resistance facilitates the development of aggressive primary tumors that eventually metastasize, leading to therapy failure and mortality. To overcome the resistance to apoptosis to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or targeted therapy, alternative targets of RCD can be induced in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. Alternatively, cell death can be independent of apoptosis and this strategy could be utilized to develop novel anti-cancer therapies. This chapter discusses approaches that could be employed to overcome clinical resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnaa Balaji
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States.
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Mondal T, Shivange GN, Tihagam RGT, Lyerly E, Battista M, Talwar D, Mosavian R, Urbanek K, Rashid NS, Harrell JC, Bos PD, Stelow EB, Stack MS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir‐Singh J. Unexpected PD-L1 immune evasion mechanism in TNBC, ovarian, and other solid tumors by DR5 agonist antibodies. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12716. [PMID: 33587338 PMCID: PMC7933954 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective immune infiltration represents a significant barrier to immunotherapy in solid tumors. Thus, solid tumor-enriched death receptor-5 (DR5) activating antibodies, which generates tumor debulking by extrinsic apoptotic cytotoxicity, remains a crucial alternate therapeutic strategy. Over past few decades, many DR5 antibodies moved to clinical trials after successfully controlling tumors in immunodeficient tumor xenografts. However, DR5 antibodies failed to significantly improve survival in phase-II trials, leading in efforts to generate second generation of DR5 agonists to supersize apoptotic cytotoxicity in tumors. Here we have discovered that clinical DR5 antibodies activate an unexpected immunosuppressive PD-L1 stabilization pathway, which potentially had contributed to their limited success in clinics. The DR5 agonist stimulated caspase-8 signaling not only activates ROCK1 but also undermines proteasome function, both of which contributes to increased PD-L1 stability on tumor cell surface. Targeting DR5-ROCK1-PD-L1 axis markedly increases immune effector T-cell function, promotes tumor regression, and improves overall survival in animal models. These insights have identified a potential clinically viable combinatorial strategy to revive solid cancer immunotherapy using death receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Gururaj N Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Rachisan GT Tihagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Michael Battista
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Divpriya Talwar
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Roxanna Mosavian
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Karol Urbanek
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | | | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Paula D Bos
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of PathologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Jogender Tushir‐Singh
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- DoD Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career InvestigatorCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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134
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Kist M, Vucic D. Cell death pathways: intricate connections and disease implications. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106700. [PMID: 33439509 PMCID: PMC7917554 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various forms of cell death have been identified over the last decades with each relying on a different subset of proteins for the activation and execution of their respective pathway(s). In addition to the three best characterized pathways-apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis-other forms of regulated cell death including autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)-mediated necrosis, parthanatos, NETosis and ferroptosis, and their relevance for organismal homeostasis are becoming better understood. Importantly, it is increasingly clear that none of these pathways operate alone. Instead, a more complex picture is emerging with many pathways sharing components and signaling principles. Finally, a number of cell death regulators are implicated in human diseases and represent attractive therapeutic targets. Therefore, better understanding of physiological and mechanistic aspects of cell death signaling should yield improved reagents for addressing unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kist
- Department of Early Discovery BiochemistryGenentechSouth San FranciscoUSA
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery BiochemistryGenentechSouth San FranciscoUSA
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135
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Özdemir A, İbişoğlu B, Şimay Demir YD, Benhür E, Valipour F, Ark M. A novel proteolytic cleavage of ROCK 1 in cell death: Not only by caspases 3 and 7 but also by caspase 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 547:118-124. [PMID: 33610039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During apoptosis, myosin light chain phosphorylation induced by ROCK 1, activated by caspase 3-mediated cleavage, results in the formation of membrane blebs. Additionally, actin-myosin-based contraction induced by the activation of ROCK is involved in the apoptotic nuclear disintegration. In previous studies, it was reported that ROCK 1 was only cleaved by caspase 3 in cell death and caspase 7 was involved in truncation of ROCK 1 in in-vitro cell-free conditions. Here we reported that caspase 2 is involved in the truncation of ROCK 1 directly as well as caspase 3 and caspase 7. Utilizing caspase 3-deficient MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells, we demonstrated that caspase 2 produced an active fragment of approximately 130 kDa of ROCK 1 in cell death. The cleaved active fragment of ROCK 1 is also responsible for the formation of membrane blebbing in cell death. Interestingly, caspase 2-mediated cleavage of ROCK 1 might occur in the region where caspase 3 truncates ROCK 1. Moreover, the presence of an active cleaved form of ROCK 1 in the nuclei implies that this fragment might play a role in the disruption of nuclear integrity. Taken together, it was determined that caspase 2 has a role in the truncation of ROCK 1 in cell death, and a new activation mechanism has been defined for ROCK 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Özdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin İbişoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elifnur Benhür
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Farzaneh Valipour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
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Duszyc K, Gomez GA, Lagendijk AK, Yau MK, Nanavati BN, Gliddon BL, Hall TE, Verma S, Hogan BM, Pitson SM, Fairlie DP, Parton RG, Yap AS. Mechanotransduction activates RhoA in the neighbors of apoptotic epithelial cells to engage apical extrusion. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1326-1336.e5. [PMID: 33581074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia must eliminate apoptotic cells to preserve tissue barriers and prevent inflammation.1 Several different mechanisms exist for apoptotic clearance, including efferocytosis2,3 and apical extrusion.4,5 We found that extrusion was the first-line response to apoptosis in cultured monolayers and in zebrafish epidermis. During extrusion, the apoptotic cell elicited active lamellipodial protrusions and assembly of a contractile extrusion ring in its neighbors. Depleting E-cadherin compromised both the contractile ring and extrusion, implying that a cadherin-dependent pathway allows apoptotic cells to engage their neighbors for extrusion. We identify RhoA as the cadherin-dependent signal in the neighbor cells and show that it is activated in response to contractile tension from the apoptotic cell. This mechanical stimulus is conveyed by a myosin-VI-dependent mechanotransduction pathway that is necessary both for extrusion and to preserve the epithelial barrier when apoptosis was stimulated. Earlier studies suggested that release of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) from apoptotic cells might define where RhoA was activated. However, we found that, although S1P is necessary for extrusion, its contribution does not require a localized source of S1P in the epithelium. We therefore propose a unified view of how RhoA is stimulated to engage neighbor cells for apoptotic extrusion. Here, tension-sensitive mechanotransduction is the proximate mechanism that activates RhoA specifically in the immediate neighbors of apoptotic cells, but this also must be primed by S1P in the tissue environment. Together, these elements provide a coincidence detection system that confers robustness on the extrusion response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mei-Kwan Yau
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bageshri Naimish Nanavati
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Briony L Gliddon
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas E Hall
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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137
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Ren W, Zhao W, Cao L, Huang J. Involvement of the Actin Machinery in Programmed Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:634849. [PMID: 33634110 PMCID: PMC7900405 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.634849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) depicts a genetically encoded and an orderly mode of cellular mortality. When triggered by internal or external stimuli, cells initiate PCDs through evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanisms. Actin, as a multifunctional cytoskeleton protein that forms microfilament, its integrity and dynamics are essential for a variety of cellular processes (e.g., morphogenesis, membrane blebbing and intracellular transport). Decades of work have broadened our knowledge about different types of PCDs and their distinguished signaling pathways. However, an ever-increasing pool of evidences indicate that the delicate relationship between PCDs and the actin cytoskeleton is beginning to be elucidated. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of the relationships between different PCDs and the actin machinery (actin, actin-binding proteins and proteins involved in different actin signaling pathways), in the hope that this attempt can shed light on ensuing studies and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Ren
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingbo Cao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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138
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Tarasov VV, Svistunov AA, Chubarev VN, Dostdar SA, Sokolov AV, Brzecka A, Sukocheva O, Neganova ME, Klochkov SG, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. Extracellular vesicles in cancer nanomedicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 69:212-225. [PMID: 31421263 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, a lot of nanotechnological optitions are available for targeted drug delivery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures that cells use for storage, transport, communication, and signaling. Recent research has focused on EVs as natural nanoparticles for drug delivery. This review sheds light on the application of EVs in cancer therapy, such as targeted chemotherapy, gene therapy, and vaccine development. Aspects of biogenesis, isolation, targeting, and loading of EVs are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Svistunov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Samira A Dostdar
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Sokolov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | | | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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139
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Shkair L, Garanina EE, Stott RJ, Foster TL, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. Membrane Microvesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1142. [PMID: 33498909 PMCID: PMC7865840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and control of infectious diseases is crucial to the maintenance and protection of social and public healthcare. The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated how outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections can lead to pandemics of significant public health and socio-economic burden. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to protect against infectious diseases, and to date, multiple vaccines have been successfully used to protect against and eradicate both viral and bacterial pathogens. The main criterion of vaccine efficacy is the induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and it is well established that immunogenicity depends on the type of vaccine as well as the route of delivery. In addition, antigen delivery to immune organs and the site of injection can potentiate efficacy of the vaccine. In light of this, microvesicles have been suggested as potential vehicles for antigen delivery as they can carry various immunogenic molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides directly to target cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of microvesicle biogenesis and the role of microvesicles in infectious diseases. Further, we discuss the application of microvesicles as a novel and effective vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layaly Shkair
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina E. Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
- M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert J. Stott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Toshana L. Foster
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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140
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Abstract
In the final stages of apoptosis, apoptotic cells can generate a variety of membrane-bound vesicles known as apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs). Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), a major subset of ApoEVs, are formed through a process termed apoptotic cell disassembly characterised by a series of tightly regulated morphological steps including plasma membrane blebbing, apoptotic membrane protrusion formation and fragmentation into ApoBDs. To better characterise the properties of ApoBDs and elucidate their function, a number of methods including differential centrifugation, filtration and fluorescence-activated cell sorting were developed to isolate ApoBDs. Furthermore, it has become increasingly clear that ApoBD formation can contribute to various biological processes such as apoptotic cell clearance and intercellular communication. Together, recent literature demonstrates that apoptotic cell disassembly and thus, ApoBD formation, is an important process downstream of apoptotic cell death. In this chapter, we discuss the current understandings of the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating apoptotic cell disassembly, techniques for ApoBD isolation, and the functional roles of ApoBDs in physiological and pathological settings.
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141
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Jin Z, Qi S, Guo X, Jian Y, Hou Y, Li C, Wang X, Zhou Q. The modification of a pyrene group makes a Ru(ii) complex versatile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3259-3262. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A versatile Ru(ii) complex with self-reporting ligand photo-dissociation and efficient two-photon excited synergistic PACT and PDT abilities was designed and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jin
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang Qi
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Jian
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanjun Hou
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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142
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Iyer M, Subramaniam MD, Venkatesan D, Cho SG, Ryding M, Meyer M, Vellingiri B. Role of RhoA-ROCK signaling in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 894:173815. [PMID: 33345850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex and widespread neurodegenerative disease characterized by depletion of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Key issues are the development of therapies that can stop or reverse the disease progression, identification of dependable biomarkers, and better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD. RhoA-ROCK signals appear to have an important role in PD symptoms, making it a possible approach for PD treatment strategies. Activation of RhoA-ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase) appears to stimulate various PD risk factors including aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn), dysregulation of autophagy, and activation of apoptosis. This manuscript reviews current updates about the biology and function of the RhoA-ROCK pathway and discusses the possible role of this signaling pathway in causing the pathogenesis of PD. We conclude that inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway may have high translational potential and could be a promising therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Matias Ryding
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Brain Research - Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Odense, Denmark
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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143
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Lv Y, Chen J, Hu J, Qian Y, Kong Y, Fu L. Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain ⅡA-Mediated Exosome Release via Regulation of the Rho-Associated Kinase 1/Myosin Light Chains/Actin Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598592. [PMID: 33363470 PMCID: PMC7753194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin ⅡA, a kind of ATP-dependent molecular motor, binds actin to form the molecular motors of the cell. We found that interfering with nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC) ⅡA could affect the exosome release from microglial cells stimulated by LPS. LPS could enhance exosome release from microglial cells by increasing exosome concentration, elevating the rate of positively labeled CD9 and CD81 proteins and protein expression. The myosin inhibitor, blebbistatin, could decrease the concentration of released exosome and reduce CD9 and CD81 protein expression on the exosome surface compared with that in the LPS group. To further determine the exact subtype of myosin Ⅱ responsible for these effects, we transfected microglial cells with siRNA for MYH9, MYH10, and MYH14. The data showed that only the transfection of siRNA-MYH9, but not MYH10 or MYH14 could decrease the released exosome concentration and particle size compared with those in the LPS group. siRNA-MYH9 would also weaken the CD9 and CD81 protein positive rate and protein expression compared with that in the LPS group by the quantification of CD9 and CD81 fluorescence intensities and by western blotting. Western blots and immunofluorescence assays indicated that NMMHC ⅡA might trigger the ROCK1/MLC/actin signaling pathway of microglial cells upon stimulation by LPS, which might be the potential mechanism of exosome release. These observations demonstrated that NMMHC ⅡA might be the potential target required for exosome release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinfang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yisong Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Longsheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
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144
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Infection of Mammals and Mosquitoes by Alphaviruses: Involvement of Cell Death. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122612. [PMID: 33291372 PMCID: PMC7762023 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses, such as the chikungunya virus, are emerging and re-emerging viruses that pose a global public health threat. They are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, mainly mosquitoes, to humans and animals. Although alphaviruses cause debilitating diseases in mammalian hosts, it appears that they have no pathological effect on the mosquito vector. Alphavirus/host interactions are increasingly studied at cellular and molecular levels. While it seems clear that apoptosis plays a key role in some human pathologies, the role of cell death in determining the outcome of infections in mosquitoes remains to be fully understood. Here, we review the current knowledge on alphavirus-induced regulated cell death in hosts and vectors and the possible role they play in determining tolerance or resistance of mosquitoes.
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145
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Structure-Based Optimization of Therapeutic Peptide Selectivity Between Cerebrovascular Rho-1 and Rho-2 Kinase Isoforms. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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146
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Ligand-induced conformational rearrangements regulate the switch between membrane-proximal and distal functions of Rho kinase 2. Commun Biol 2020; 3:721. [PMID: 33247217 PMCID: PMC7699638 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) is a membrane-anchored, long, flexible, multidomain, multifunctional protein. Its functions can be divided into two categories: membrane-proximal and membrane-distal. A recent study concluded that membrane-distal functions require the fully extended conformation, and this conclusion was supported by electron microscopy. The present solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study revealed that ROCK2 population is a dynamic mixture of folded and partially extended conformers. Binding of RhoA to the coiled-coil domain shifts the equilibrium towards the partially extended state. Enzyme activity measurements suggest that the binding of natural protein substrates to the kinase domain breaks up the interaction between the N-terminal kinase and C-terminal regulatory domains, but smaller substrate analogues do not. The present study reveals the dynamic behaviour of this long, dimeric molecule in solution, and our structural model provides a mechanistic explanation for a set of membrane-proximal functions while allowing for the existence of an extended conformation in the case of membrane-distal functions. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, Hajdú et al. show that Rho-associated protein kinase 2 population is a mixture of folded and partially extended conformers. They find that the binding of natural protein substrates to the kinase domain breaks up the interaction between the N-terminal kinase and C-terminal regulatory domains. This study identifies a dynamic behavior of this long, dimeric molecule in solution.
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147
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Carneiro ACDM, De Vito FB, Moraes-Souza H, Crema VO. RhoA/ROCKs signaling is increased by treatment with TKI-258 and leads to increased apoptosis in SCC-4 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:394-402. [PMID: 33222274 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effect of treatment with TKI-258 on apoptosis, involving Rho GTPases and their effectors in SCC-4 cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Markers of cell death and apoptosis were analyzed in control and TKI-258-treated SCC-4 cells by flow cytometry. The involvement of Rho GTPases and effectors in the induction of apoptosis by TKI-258 was evaluated by quantification of cleaved PARP. Also, gene expression analysis of those proteins was performed. RESULTS The treatment with TKI-258 led to a significant increase in cell death (7-AAD) and apoptosis (annexin V and cleaved PARP). When Rho GTPases were stimulated with LPA and inhibited with toxin A Clostridium difficile, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased and decreased, respectively. A similar effect was found when the treatment was with TKI-258 combined with LPA and toxin A. Treatment with TKI-258 significantly increased RhoA gene expression, while RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, and Cdc42 decreased significantly. ROCKs inhibitors (Y-27632 and HA-1077) reduced apoptosis compared with control. TKI-258 combined with Y-27632 or HA-1077 led to an increase in apoptosis compared with inhibitors only. Treatment with TKI-258 led to an increase in ROCK1 and ROCK2 gene expression, and a decrease in PAK1 and PAK2 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS TKI-258 stimulates apoptosis in SCC-4 cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Possibly, RhoA GTPase and their effectors ROCKs participate in the signaling pathway inhibited by TKI-258. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Therapies with multi-target inhibitors, such as TKI-258, may be promising alternatives for the clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cecília Dias Maciel Carneiro
- Structural Biology Department, Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bernadelli De Vito
- Medical Clinical Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Helio Moraes-Souza
- Medical Clinical Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Oliveira Crema
- Structural Biology Department, Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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148
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Goughnour PC, Park MC, Kim SB, Jun S, Yang WS, Chae S, Cho S, Song C, Lee J, Hyun JK, Kim BG, Hwang D, Jung HS, Gho YS, Kim S. Extracellular vesicles derived from macrophages display glycyl-tRNA synthetase 1 and exhibit anti-cancer activity. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12029. [PMID: 33708357 PMCID: PMC7890555 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (GARS1), a cytosolic enzyme secreted from macrophages, promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying GARS1 secretion has not been elucidated. Here, we report that GARS1 is secreted through unique extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a hydrodynamic diameter of 20-58 nm (mean diameter: 36.9 nm) and a buoyant density of 1.13-1.17 g/ml. GARS1 was anchored to the surface of these EVs through palmitoylated C390 residue. Proteomic analysis identified 164 proteins that were uniquely enriched in the GARS1-containing EVs (GARS1-EVs). Among the identified factors, insulin-like growth factor II receptor, and vimentin also contributed to the anti-cancer activity of GARS1-EVs. This study identified the unique secretory vesicles containing GARS1 and various intracellular factors that are involved in the immunological defence response against tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Goughnour
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Min Chul Park
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Sangmi Jun
- Division of Electron Microscopic ResearchKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonKorea
| | - Won Suk Yang
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyDaeguKorea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Chihong Song
- Division of Electron Microscopic ResearchKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonKorea
| | - Ji‐Hyun Lee
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Jae Kyung Hyun
- Division of Electron Microscopic ResearchKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonKorea
| | - Byung Gyu Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
- Center for Genomic IntegrityInstitute for Basic ScienceUlsanKorea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyDaeguKorea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Natural SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKorea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical ResearchMedicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterCollege of Pharmacy & College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
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149
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Teo JL, Tomatis VM, Coburn L, Lagendijk AK, Schouwenaar IM, Budnar S, Hall TE, Verma S, McLachlan RW, Hogan BM, Parton RG, Yap AS, Gomez GA. Src kinases relax adherens junctions between the neighbors of apoptotic cells to permit apical extrusion. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2557-2569. [PMID: 32903148 PMCID: PMC7851871 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia can eliminate apoptotic cells by apical extrusion. This is a complex morphogenetic event where expulsion of the apoptotic cell is accompanied by rearrangement of its immediate neighbors to form a rosette. A key mechanism for extrusion is constriction of an actomyosin network that neighbor cells form at their interface with the apoptotic cell. Here we report a complementary process of cytoskeletal relaxation that occurs when cortical contractility is down-regulated at the junctions between those neighbor cells themselves. This reflects a mechanosensitive Src family kinase (SFK) signaling pathway that is activated in neighbor cells when the apoptotic cell relaxes shortly after injury. Inhibiting SFK signaling blocks both the expulsion of apoptotic cells and the rosette formation among their neighbor cells. This reveals the complex pattern of spatially distinct contraction and relaxation that must be established in the neighboring epithelium for apoptotic cells to be extruded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Teo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Vanesa M. Tomatis
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Luke Coburn
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, AB24 3UE
| | - Anne K. Lagendijk
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Irin-Maya Schouwenaar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Thomas E. Hall
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Robert W. McLachlan
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5000
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150
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Imamura H, Sakamoto S, Yoshida T, Matsui Y, Penuela S, Laird DW, Mizukami S, Kikuchi K, Kakizuka A. Single-cell dynamics of pannexin-1-facilitated programmed ATP loss during apoptosis. eLife 2020; 9:61960. [PMID: 33052098 PMCID: PMC7556867 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is essential for all living cells. However, how dead cells lose ATP has not been well investigated. In this study, we developed new FRET biosensors for dual imaging of intracellular ATP level and caspase-3 activity in single apoptotic cultured human cells. We show that the cytosolic ATP level starts to decrease immediately after the activation of caspase-3, and this process is completed typically within 2 hr. The ATP decrease was facilitated by caspase-dependent cleavage of the plasma membrane channel pannexin-1, indicating that the intracellular decrease of the apoptotic cell is a 'programmed' process. Apoptotic cells deficient of pannexin-1 sustained the ability to produce ATP through glycolysis and to consume ATP, and did not stop wasting glucose much longer period than normal apoptotic cells. Thus, the pannexin-1 plays a role in arresting the metabolic activity of dead apoptotic cells, most likely through facilitating the loss of intracellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tomoki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Shin Mizukami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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