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Han F, Ma X, Zhai Y, Cui L, Yang L, Zhu Z, Hao Y, Cheng G. Strategy for Designing a Cell Scaffold to Enable Wireless Electrical Stimulation for Enhanced Neuronal Differentiation of Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100027. [PMID: 33887103 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) offers significant advantages in modulating the behavior of stem cells on conductive scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. However, it is necessary to realize wireless ES to avoid the use of external wires in tissues. Thus, herein, a strategy is reported to develop a stem cell scaffold that allows wireless ES. A conductive annular graphene substrate is designed and grown by chemical vapor deposition; this substrate is used as a secondary coil to achieve wireless ES via electromagnetic induction in the presence of a primary coil. The substrate shows excellent biocompatibility for the culture of neural stem cells (NSCs). The results indicate that the applied wireless ES enhances neuronal differentiation, facilitates the formation of neurites, and does not substantially affect the viability and stemness maintenance of NSCs. Collectively, this system provides a strategy for achieving synergy between wireless ES and conductive scaffolds for neural regenerative medicine, which can be further utilized for the regeneration of other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Guangdong (Foshan) Branch|Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhai
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Guangdong (Foshan) Branch|Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Leisha Cui
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Guangdong (Foshan) Branch|Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Guangdong (Foshan) Branch|Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Zhanchi Zhu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Guangdong (Foshan) Branch|Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Guangdong (Foshan) Branch|Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Guangdong (Foshan) Branch|Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528200, China
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102
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Maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:163-171. [PMID: 34053865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent an inexhaustible cell source for in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery and toxicity screening, and potential therapeutic applications. However, currently available differentiation protocols yield populations of hPSC-CMs with an immature phenotype similar to cardiomyocytes in the early fetal heart. In this review, we consider the developmental processes and signaling cues involved in normal human cardiac maturation, as well as how these insights might be applied to the specific maturation of hPSC-CMs. We summarize the state-of-the-art and relative merits of reported hPSC-CM maturation strategies including prolonged duration in culture, metabolic manipulation, treatment with soluble or substrate-based cues, and tissue engineering approaches. Finally, we review the evidence that hPSC-CMs mature after implantation in injured hearts as such in vivo remodeling will likely affect the safety and efficacy of a potential hPSC-based cardiac therapy.
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103
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Wysoczynski M, Bolli R. A realistic appraisal of the use of embryonic stem cell-based therapies for cardiac repair. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2397-2404. [PMID: 31778154 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-documented capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, transplantation of ESCs or ESC-derived cells is plagued by several formidable problems, including graft rejection, arrhythmias, and potential risk of teratomas. Life-long immunosuppression is a disease in itself. Transplantation of human ESC-derived cells in primates causes life-threatening arrhythmias, and the doses used to show efficacy are not clinically relevant. In contemporary clinical research, the margin of tolerance for such catastrophic effects as malignancies is zero, and although the probability of tumours can be reduced by ESC differentiation, it is unlikely to be completely eliminated, particularly when billions of cells are injected. Although ESCs and ESC-derived cells were touted as capable of long-term regeneration, these cells disappear rapidly after transplantation and there is no evidence of long-term engraftment, let alone regeneration. There is, however, mounting evidence that they act via paracrine mechanisms-just like adult cells. To date, no controlled clinical trial of ESC-derived cells in cardiovascular disease has been conducted or even initiated. In contrast, adult cells have been used in thousands of patients with heart disease, with no significant adverse effects and with results that were sufficiently encouraging to warrant Phase II and III trials. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells offer pluripotency similar to ESCs without the need for lifelong immunosuppression. After two decades, the promise that ESC-derived cells would regenerate dead myocardium has not been fulfilled. The most reasonable interpretation of current data is that ESC-based therapies are not likely to have clinical application for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysoczynski
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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104
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Biagi D, Fantozzi ET, Campos-Oliveira JC, Naghetini MV, Ribeiro AF, Rodrigues S, Ogusuku I, Vanderlinde R, Christie MLA, Mello DB, de Carvalho ACC, Valadares M, Cruvinel E, Dariolli R. In Situ Maturated Early-Stage Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Improve Cardiac Function by Enhancing Segmental Contraction in Infarcted Rats. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050374. [PMID: 34064343 PMCID: PMC8147857 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The scant ability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate makes heart regeneration one of the biggest challenges of science. Current therapies do not contemplate heart re-muscularization. In this scenario, stem cell-based approaches have been proposed to overcome this lack of regeneration. We hypothesize that early-stage hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) could enhance the cardiac function of rats after myocardial infarction (MI). Animals were subjected to the permanent occlusion of the left ventricle (LV) anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Seven days after MI, early-stage hiPSC-CMs were injected intramyocardially. Rats were subjected to echocardiography pre-and post-treatment. Thirty days after the injections were administered, treated rats displayed 6.2% human cardiac grafts, which were characterized molecularly. Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was improved by 7.8% in cell-injected rats, while placebo controls showed an 18.2% deterioration. Additionally, cell-treated rats displayed a 92% and 56% increase in radial and circumferential strains, respectively. Human cardiac grafts maturate in situ, preserving proliferation with 10% Ki67 and 3% PHH3 positive nuclei. Grafts were perfused by host vasculature with no evidence for immune rejection nor ectopic tissue formations. Our findings support the use of early-stage hiPSC-CMs as an alternative therapy to treat MI. The next steps of preclinical development include efficacy studies in large animals on the path to clinical-grade regenerative therapy targeting human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Biagi
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Evelyn Thais Fantozzi
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Julliana Carvalho Campos-Oliveira
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Marcus Vinicius Naghetini
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Antonio Fernando Ribeiro
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Sirlene Rodrigues
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Isabella Ogusuku
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Rubia Vanderlinde
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Michelle Lopes Araújo Christie
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.L.A.C.); (D.B.M.); (A.C.C.d.C.)
| | - Debora Bastos Mello
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.L.A.C.); (D.B.M.); (A.C.C.d.C.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.L.A.C.); (D.B.M.); (A.C.C.d.C.)
| | - Marcos Valadares
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Estela Cruvinel
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.T.F.); (J.C.C.-O.); (M.V.N.); (A.F.R.J.); (S.R.); (I.O.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (E.C.)
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
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105
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Boyle PM, Yu J, Klimas A, Williams JC, Trayanova NA, Entcheva E. OptoGap is an optogenetics-enabled assay for quantification of cell-cell coupling in multicellular cardiac tissue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9310. [PMID: 33927252 PMCID: PMC8085001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular electrical coupling is an essential means of communication between cells. It is important to obtain quantitative knowledge of such coupling between cardiomyocytes and non-excitable cells when, for example, pathological electrical coupling between myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes yields increased arrhythmia risk or during the integration of donor (e.g., cardiac progenitor) cells with native cardiomyocytes in cell-therapy approaches. Currently, there is no direct method for assessing heterocellular coupling within multicellular tissue. Here we demonstrate experimentally and computationally a new contactless assay for electrical coupling, OptoGap, based on selective illumination of inexcitable cells that express optogenetic actuators and optical sensing of the response of coupled excitable cells (e.g., cardiomyocytes) that are light-insensitive. Cell-cell coupling is quantified by the energy required to elicit an action potential via junctional current from the light-stimulated cell(s). The proposed technique is experimentally validated against the standard indirect approach, GapFRAP, using light-sensitive cardiac fibroblasts and non-transformed cardiomyocytes in a two-dimensional setting. Its potential applicability to the complex three-dimensional setting of the native heart is corroborated by computational modelling and proper calibration. Lastly, the sensitivity of OptoGap to intrinsic cell-scale excitability is robustly characterized via computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jinzhu Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Klimas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Natalia A Trayanova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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106
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Proteomic and Glyco(proteo)mic tools in the profiling of cardiac progenitors and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes: Accelerating translation into therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107755. [PMID: 33895330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in stem cells paved the way to an enormous amount of knowledge, increasing expectations on cardio regenerative therapeutic approaches in clinic. While the first generation of clinical trials using cell-based therapies in the heart were performed with bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, second generation cell therapies moved towards the use of cardiac-committed cell populations, including cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Despite all these progresses, translating the aptitudes of R&D and pre-clinical data into effective clinical treatments is still highly challenging, partially due to the demanding regulatory and safety concerns but also because of the lack of knowledge on the regenerative mechanisms of action of these therapeutic products. Thus, the need of analytical methodologies that enable a complete characterization of such complex products and a deep understanding of their therapeutic effects, at the cell and molecular level, is imperative to overcome the hurdles of these advanced therapies. Omics technologies, such as proteomics and glyco(proteo)mics workflows based on state of the art mass-spectrometry, have prompted some major breakthroughs, providing novel data on cell biology and a detailed assessment of cell based-products applied in cardiac regeneration strategies. These advanced 'omics approaches, focused on the profiling of protein and glycan signatures are excelling the identification and characterization of cell populations under study, namely unveiling pluripotency and differentiation markers, as well as paracrine mechanisms and signaling cascades involved in cardiac repair. The leading knowledge generated is supporting a more rational therapy design and the rethinking of challenges in Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products development. Herein, we review the most recent methodologies used in the fields of proteomics, glycoproteomics and glycomics and discuss their impact on the study of cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes biology. How these discoveries will impact the speed up of novel therapies for cardiovascular diseases is also addressed.
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107
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Zhang D, Hu W, Tu H, Hackfort BT, Duan B, Xiong W, Wadman MC, Li YL. Macrophage depletion in stellate ganglia alleviates cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis by attenuating neuroinflammation in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:28. [PMID: 33884509 PMCID: PMC8060235 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac sympathetic overactivation is involved in arrhythmogenesis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Inflammatory infiltration in the stellate ganglion (SG) is a critical factor for cardiac sympathoexcitation in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. This study aims to investigate if macrophage depletion in SGs decreases cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF. Surgical ligation of the coronary artery was used for induction of CHF. Clodronate liposomes were microinjected into bilateral SGs of CHF rats for macrophage depletion. Using cytokine array, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis, we found that macrophage expansion and expression of TNFα and IL-1β in SGs were markedly increased in CHF rats. Flow cytometry data confirmed that the percentage of macrophages in SGs was higher in CHF rats than that in sham rats. Clodronate liposomes significantly reduced CHF-elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels and macrophage expansion in SGs. Clodronate liposomes also reduced CHF-increased N-type Ca2+ currents and excitability of cardiac sympathetic postganglionic neurons and inhibited CHF-enhanced cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. ECG data from 24-h, continuous telemetry recording in conscious rats demonstrated that clodronate liposomes not only restored CHF-induced heterogeneity of ventricular electrical activities, but also decreased the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation in CHF. Macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes attenuated CHF-induced cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmias through reduction of macrophage expansion and neuroinflammation in SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bryan T Hackfort
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wanfen Xiong
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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108
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Yu JK, Liang JA, Franceschi WH, Huang Q, Pashakhanloo F, Sung E, Boyle PM, Trayanova NA. Assessment of arrhythmia mechanism and burden of the infarcted ventricles following remuscularization with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte patches using patient-derived models. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1247-1261. [PMID: 33881518 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Direct remuscularization with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) seeks to address the onset of heart failure post-myocardial infarction (MI) by treating the persistent muscle deficiency that underlies it. However, direct remuscularization with PSC-CMs could potentially be arrhythmogenic. We investigated two possible mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis-focal vs reentrant-arising from direct remuscularization with PSC-CM patches in two personalized, human ventricular computer models of post-MI. Moreover, we developed a principled approach for evaluating arrhythmogenicity of direct remuscularization that factors in the VT propensity of the patient-specific post-MI fibrotic substrate and use it to investigate different conditions of patch remuscularization. METHODS & RESULTS Two personalized, human ventricular models of post-MI (P1 & P2) were constructed from late gadolinium enhanced (LGE)-magnetic resonance images (MRI). In each model, remuscularization with PSC-CM patches were simulated under different treatment conditions that included patch engraftment, patch myofibril orientation, remuscularization site, patch size (thickness and diameter), and patch maturation. To determine arrhythmogenicity of treatment conditions, VT burden of heart models was quantified prior to and after simulated remuscularization and compared. VT burden was quantified based on inducibility (i.e., weighted sum of pacing sites that induced) and severity (i.e., the number of distinct VT morphologies induced). Prior to remuscularization, VT burden was significant in P1 (0.275) and not in P2 (0.0, not VT inducible). We highlight that reentrant VT mechanisms would dominate over focal mechanisms; spontaneous beats emerging from PSC-CM grafts were always a fraction of resting sinus rate. Moreover, incomplete patch engraftment can be particularly arrhythmogenic, giving rise to particularly aberrant electrical activation and conduction slowing across the PSC-CM patches along with elevated VT burden when compared to complete engraftment. Under conditions of complete patch engraftment, remuscularization was almost always arrhythmogenic in P2 but certain treatment conditions could be anti-arrhythmogenic in P1. Moreover, the remuscularization site was the most important factor affecting VT burden in both P1 and P2. Complete maturation of PSC-CM patches, both ionically and electrotonically, at the appropriate site could completely alleviate VT burden. CONCLUSION We identified that reentrant VT would be the primary VT mechanism in patch remuscularization. To evaluate the arrhythmogenicity of remuscularization, we developed a principled approach that factors in the propensity of the patient-specific fibrotic substrate for VT. We showed that arrhythmogenicity is sensitive to the patient-specific fibrotic substrate and remuscularization site. We demonstrate that targeted remuscularization can be safe in the appropriate individual and holds the potential to nondestructively eliminate VT post-MI in addition to addressing muscle deficiency underlying heart failure progression. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE If safety from ventricular arrhythmias can be addressed, direct remuscularization with PSC-CMs-achieved either through engineered myocardial patches or intramyocardial injections-holds the potential to halt heart failure progression post-MI. Using personalized 3 D models of the post-MI ventricles derived from LGE-MRI, we provide evidence that arrhythmogenesis following remuscularization with PSC-CM patches is driven by a reentrant as opposed to focal VT mechanism. Moreover, the existing patient-specific fibrotic substrate together with the remuscularization site were primary determinants of arrhythmogenesis. These results suggest that the clinical safety of remuscularization can be achieved through patient-specific optimization guided in-part by computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Yu
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation (ADVANCE), Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 216 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jialiu A Liang
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - William H Franceschi
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Qinwen Huang
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Farhad Pashakhanloo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Eric Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation (ADVANCE), Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 216 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick M Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natalia A Trayanova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation (ADVANCE), Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 216 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cruz-Samperio R, Jordan M, Perriman A. Cell augmentation strategies for cardiac stem cell therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:855-866. [PMID: 33660953 PMCID: PMC8133336 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) has been the primary cause of death in developed countries, resulting in a major psychological and financial burden for society. Current treatments for acute MI are directed toward rapid restoration of perfusion to limit damage to the myocardium, rather than promoting tissue regeneration and subsequent contractile function recovery. Regenerative cell therapies (CTs), in particular those using multipotent stem cells (SCs), are in the spotlight for treatment post‐MI. Unfortunately, the efficacy of CTs is somewhat limited by their poor long‐term viability, homing, and engraftment to the myocardium. In response, a range of novel SC‐based technologies are in development to provide additional cellular modalities, bringing CTs a step closer to the clinic. In this review, the current landscape of emerging CTs and their augmentation strategies for the treatment post‐MI are discussed. In doing so, we highlight recent advances in cell membrane reengineering via genetic modifications, recombinant protein immobilization, and the utilization of soft biomimetic scaffold interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Millie Jordan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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110
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Wang L, Serpooshan V, Zhang J. Engineering Human Cardiac Muscle Patch Constructs for Prevention of Post-infarction LV Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:621781. [PMID: 33718449 PMCID: PMC7952323 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.621781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering combines principles of engineering and biology to generate living tissue equivalents for drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. As techniques for reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequently differentiating them into cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells have become increasingly efficient, progress toward the development of engineered human cardiac muscle patch (hCMP) and heart tissue analogs has accelerated. A few pilot clinical studies in patients with post-infarction LV remodeling have been already approved. Conventional methods for hCMP fabrication include suspending cells within scaffolds, consisting of biocompatible materials, or growing two-dimensional sheets that can be stacked to form multilayered constructs. More recently, advanced technologies, such as micropatterning and three-dimensional bioprinting, have enabled fabrication of hCMP architectures at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. However, the studies working on various hCMP-based strategies for in vivo tissue repair face several major obstacles, including the inadequate scalability for clinical applications, poor integration and engraftment rate, and the lack of functional vasculature. Here, we review many of the recent advancements and key concerns in cardiac tissue engineering, focusing primarily on the production of hCMPs at clinical/industrial scales that are suitable for administration to patients with myocardial disease. The wide variety of cardiac cell types and sources that are applicable to hCMP biomanufacturing are elaborated. Finally, some of the key challenges remaining in the field and potential future directions to address these obstacles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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111
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Portillo Esquivel LE, Zhang B. Application of Cell, Tissue, and Biomaterial Delivery in Cardiac Regenerative Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1000-1021. [PMID: 33591735 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death around the world, being responsible for 31.8% of all deaths in 2017 (Roth, G. A. et al. The Lancet 2018, 392, 1736-1788). The leading cause of CVD is ischemic heart disease (IHD), which caused 8.1 million deaths in 2013 (Benjamin, E. J. et al. Circulation 2017, 135, e146-e603). IHD occurs when coronary arteries in the heart are narrowed or blocked, preventing the flow of oxygen and blood into the cardiac muscle, which could provoke acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ultimately lead to heart failure and death. Cardiac regenerative therapy aims to repair and refunctionalize damaged heart tissue through the application of (1) intramyocardial cell delivery, (2) epicardial cardiac patch, and (3) acellular biomaterials. In this review, we aim to examine these current approaches and challenges in the cardiac regenerative therapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontaria L8S 4L8, Canada
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112
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Cardiac cell type-specific responses to injury and contributions to heart regeneration. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 33527149 PMCID: PMC7851195 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Due to the limited proliferation rate of mature cardiomyocytes, adult mammalian hearts are unable to regenerate damaged cardiac muscle following injury. Instead, injured area is replaced by fibrotic scar tissue, which may lead to irreversible cardiac remodeling and organ failure. In contrast, adult zebrafish and neonatal mammalian possess the capacity for heart regeneration and have been widely used as experimental models. Recent studies have shown that multiple types of cells within the heart can respond to injury with the activation of distinct signaling pathways. Determining the specific contributions of each cell type is essential for our understanding of the regeneration network organization throughout the heart. In this review, we provide an overview of the distinct functions and coordinated cell behaviors of several major cell types including cardiomyocytes, endocardial cells, epicardial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. The topic focuses on their specific responses and cellular plasticity after injury, and potential therapeutic applications.
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113
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Tadevosyan K, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Prósper F, Raya A. Engineering and Assessing Cardiac Tissue Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031479. [PMID: 33540699 PMCID: PMC7867236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is very much in a current focus of regenerative medicine research as it represents a promising strategy for cardiac disease modelling, cardiotoxicity testing and cardiovascular repair. Advances in this field over the last two decades have enabled the generation of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs with progressively increased functional capabilities. However, reproducing tissue-like properties is still a pending issue, as constructs generated to date remain immature relative to native adult heart. Moreover, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the methodologies used to assess the functionality and cardiac maturation state of engineered cardiac tissue constructs, which further complicates the comparison of constructs generated in different ways. Here, we present an overview of the general approaches developed to generate functional cardiac tissues, discussing the different cell sources, biomaterials, and types of engineering strategies utilized to date. Moreover, we discuss the main functional assays used to evaluate the cardiac maturation state of the constructs, both at the cellular and the tissue levels. We trust that researchers interested in developing engineered cardiac tissue constructs will find the information reviewed here useful. Furthermore, we believe that providing a unified framework for comparison will further the development of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs displaying the specific properties best suited for each particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tadevosyan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
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114
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Sareen N, Srivastava A, Dhingra S. Role of prostaglandin E2 in allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cardiac repair. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:140-150. [PMID: 33559528 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is among the primary causes of cardiovascular-related deaths worldwide. Conventional treatments including surgical interventions and medical therapies aid in preventing further damage to heart muscle but are unable to provide a permanent solution. In recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as an attractive alternative to restore damaged myocardium after myocardial injury. Allogeneic (donor-derived) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in preclinical and clinical studies, making them the most widely accepted candidates for cardiac cell therapy. MSCs promote cardiac repair by modulating host immune system and secreting various soluble factors, of which prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important one. PGE2 plays a significant role in regulating cardiac remodeling following myocardial injury. In this review, we provide an overview of allogeneic MSCs as candidates for myocardial regeneration with a focus on the role of the PGE2/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) pathway in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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115
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Haase A, Kohrn T, Fricke V, Ricci Signorini ME, Witte M, Göhring G, Gruh I, Martin U. Establishment of MHHi001-A-5, a GCaMP6f and RedStar dual reporter human iPSC line for in vitro and in vivo characterization and in situ tracing of iPSC derivatives. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102206. [PMID: 33571874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic hiPSC lines carrying reporter genes represent valuable tools for functional characterization of iPSC derivatives, disease modelling and clinical evaluation of cell therapies. Here, the hiPSC line 'Phoenix' (Haase et al., 2017) was genetically engineered using TALEN-based integration of the calcium sensor GCaMP6f and RedStarnuc reporter into the AAVS1 site. Characterization of undifferentiated cells and functional investigation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes-containing BCTs showed a strong intracellular calcium transient-dependent GCaMP6f and eminent RedStarnuc signal. Therefore, our dual reporter line provides an excellent tool to facilitate monitoring of engraftment, calcium fluctuations and coupling of iPSC derivatives such as cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Haase
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tim Kohrn
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Fricke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Elena Ricci Signorini
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Merlin Witte
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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116
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Zhang JZ, Belbachir N, Zhang T, Liu Y, Shrestha R, Wu JC. Effects of Cryopreservation on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Assessing Drug Safety Response Profiles. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:168-181. [PMID: 33338435 PMCID: PMC7897580 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burgeoning applications of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug screening have broadened the usage of hiPSC-CMs and entailed their long-term storage. Cryopreservation is the most common approach to store hiPSC-CMs. However, the effects of cryopreservation and recovery on hiPSC-CMs remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the transcriptome, electro-mechanical function, and drug response of fresh hiPSC-CMs without cryopreservation and recovered hiPSC-CMs from cryopreservation. We found that recovered hiPSC-CMs showed upregulation of cell cycle genes, similar or reduced contractility, Ca2+ transients, and field potential duration. When subjected to treatment of drugs that affect electrophysiological properties, recovered hiPSC-CMs showed an altered drug response and enhanced propensity for drug-induced cardiac arrhythmic events. In conclusion, fresh and recovered hiPSC-CMs do not always show comparable molecular and physiological properties. When cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs are used for assessing drug-induced cardiac liabilities, the altered drug sensitivity needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nadjet Belbachir
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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117
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Jeon S, Kim S, Ha S, Lee S, Kim E, Kim SY, Park SH, Jeon JH, Kim SW, Moon C, Nelson BJ, Kim JY, Yu SW, Choi H. Magnetically actuated microrobots as a platform for stem cell transplantation. Sci Robot 2021; 4:4/30/eaav4317. [PMID: 33137727 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aav4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic microrobots were developed for three-dimensional culture and the precise delivery of stem cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Hippocampal neural stem cells attached to the microrobots proliferated and differentiated into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Moreover, microrobots were used to transport colorectal carcinoma cancer cells to tumor microtissue in a body-on-a-chip, which comprised an in vitro liver-tumor microorgan network. The microrobots were also controlled in a mouse brain slice and rat brain blood vessel. Last, microrobots carrying mesenchymal stem cells derived from human nose were manipulated inside the intraperitoneal cavity of a nude mouse. The results indicate the potential of microrobots for the culture and delivery of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoong Jeon
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Institute of Robotic and Intelligent System (IRIS), ETH, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Shinwon Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - So Yeun Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeon
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea.,Institute of Robotic and Intelligent System (IRIS), ETH, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. .,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea.
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. .,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
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118
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Li J, Liu L, Minami I, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y. Fabrication of Thick and Anisotropic Cardiac Tissue on Nanofibrous Substrate for Repairing Infarcted Myocardium. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2320:65-73. [PMID: 34302648 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1484-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we introduce the method for fabricating thick and anisotropic cardiac tissue for heart regeneration. Aligned and biodegradable nanofiber can be prepared by electrospinning Food and Drug Administration-approved poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) on a rotating drum. After the nanofibers are transferred on to a polydimethylsiloxane frame, the cardiomyocytes could be plated on the nanofiber to form thick and anisotropic cardiac tissue rapidly. Cardiac tissue-like construct could be easily created by one-step method, and transplanted onto the hearts of myocardium infarction models and lead to their functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cell Design for Tissue Construction Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Frontier Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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119
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Evolution of Stem Cells in Cardio-Regenerative Therapy. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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120
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Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Maturity of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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121
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Progress and Challenges of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells in Therapy of Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010102. [PMID: 33374215 PMCID: PMC7794729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, claiming an estimated total of 17.9 million lives each year, of which one-third of the people are under the age of 70 years. Since adult cardiomyocytes fail to regenerate, the heart loses the ability to repair itself after an injury, making patients with heart disease suffer from poor prognosis. Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro through a well-established process, which is a new advancement in cardiac regeneration therapy. However, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have certain drawbacks, such as the risk of arrhythmia and immune incompatibility. Thus, amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs), a relatively novel source of stem cells, have been exploited for their ability of pluripotent differentiation. In addition, since AFSCs are weakly positive for the major histocompatibility class II molecules, they may have high immune tolerance. In summary, the possibility of development of cardiomyocytes from AFSCs, as well as their transplantation in host cells to produce mechanical contraction, has been discussed. Thus, this review article highlights the progress of AFSC therapy and its application in the treatment of heart diseases in recent years.
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122
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Rodrigues SC, Cardoso RMS, Duarte FV. Mitochondrial microRNAs: A Putative Role in Tissue Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120486. [PMID: 33371511 PMCID: PMC7767490 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most famous role of mitochondria is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that involves a chain of four protein complexes (the electron transport chain, ETC) that generates a proton-motive force that in turn drives the ATP synthesis by the Complex V (ATP synthase). An impressive number of more than 1000 mitochondrial proteins have been discovered. Since mitochondrial proteins have a dual genetic origin, it is predicted that ~99% of these proteins are nuclear-encoded and are synthesized in the cytoplasmatic compartment, being further imported through mitochondrial membrane transporters. The lasting 1% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized by the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). As a result, an appropriate regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis is absolutely required to achieve and maintain normal mitochondrial function. Regarding miRNAs in mitochondria, it is well-recognized nowadays that several cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria are regulated by many genetic players that originate from either nuclear- or mitochondrial-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Growing evidence collected from whole genome and transcriptome sequencing highlight the role of distinct members of this class, from short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some of the mechanisms that have been shown to be modulated are the expression of mitochondrial proteins itself, as well as the more complex coordination of mitochondrial structure and dynamics with its function. We devote particular attention to the role of mitochondrial miRNAs and to their role in the modulation of several molecular processes that could ultimately contribute to tissue regeneration accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C. Rodrigues
- Exogenus Therapeutics, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal;
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe V. Duarte
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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123
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Coyle RC, Barrs RW, Richards DJ, Ladd EP, Menick DR, Mei Y. Targeting HIF-α for robust prevascularization of human cardiac organoids. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:189-202. [PMID: 33868541 DOI: 10.1002/term.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevascularized 3D microtissues have been shown to be an effective cell delivery vehicle for cardiac repair. To this end, our lab has explored the development of self-organizing, prevascularized human cardiac organoids by co-seeding human cardiomyocytes with cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and stromal cells into agarose microwells. We hypothesized that this prevascularization process is facilitated by the endogenous upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in the avascular 3D microtissues. In this study, we used Molidustat, a selective PHD (prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes) inhibitor that stabilizes HIF-α, to treat human cardiac organoids, which resulted in 150 ± 61% improvement in endothelial expression (CD31) and 220 ± 20% improvement in the number of lumens per organoids. We hypothesized that the improved endothelial expression seen in Molidustat treated human cardiac organoids was dependent upon upregulation of VEGF, a well-known downstream target of HIF pathway. Through the use of immunofluorescent staining and ELISA assays, we determined that Molidustat treatment improved VEGF expression of non-endothelial cells and resulted in improved co-localization of supporting cell types and endothelial structures. We further demonstrated that Molidustat treated human cardiac organoids maintain cardiac functionality. Lastly, we showed that Molidustat treatment improves survival of cardiac organoids when exposed to both hypoxic and ischemic conditions in vitro. For the first time, we demonstrate that targeted HIF-α stabilization provides a robust strategy to improve endothelial expression and lumen formation in cardiac microtissues, which will provide a powerful framework for prevascularization of various microtissues in developing successful cell transplantation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Coyle
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ryan W Barrs
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Dylan J Richards
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Emma P Ladd
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Donald R Menick
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Haller C, Friedberg MK, Laflamme MA. The role of regenerative therapy in the treatment of right ventricular failure: a literature review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:502. [PMID: 33239066 PMCID: PMC7687832 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure is a commonly encountered problem in patients with congenital heart disease but can also be a consequence of left ventricular disease, primary pulmonary hypertension, or RV-specific cardiomyopathies. Improved survival of the aforementioned pathologies has led to increasing numbers of patients suffering from RV dysfunction, making it a key contributor to morbidity and mortality in this population. Currently available therapies for heart failure were developed for the left ventricle (LV), and there is clear evidence that LV-specific strategies are insufficient or inadequate for the RV. New therapeutic strategies are needed to address this growing clinical problem, and stem cells show significant promise. However, to properly evaluate the prospects of a potential stem cell-based therapy for RV failure, one needs to understand the unique pathophysiology of RV dysfunction and carefully consider available data from animal models and human clinical trials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in RV failure such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, changes in energy metabolism, calcium handling, decreasing RV contractility, and apoptosis. We also summarize the available preclinical and clinical experience with RV-specific stem cell therapies, covering the broad spectrum of stem cell sources used to date. We describe two different scientific rationales for stem cell transplantation, one of which seeks to add contractile units to the failing myocardium, while the other aims to augment endogenous repair mechanisms and/or attenuate harmful remodeling. We emphasize the limitations and challenges of regenerative strategies, but also highlight the characteristics of the failing RV myocardium that make it a promising target for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Haller
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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125
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Shiba Y. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration - Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Circ J 2020; 84:2129-2135. [PMID: 33087630 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of myocardium permanently impairs cardiac function because the adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity. Strategies to regenerate injured heart tissue include the transplantation of multiple types of stem cells. Among them, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising option because of their unlimited self-renewal and unequivocal cardiomyogenic ability. To date, advances in stem cell biology allow generation of relatively homogeneous human PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). In this regard, preclinical studies of PSC-CM transplantation in rodents and larger animal models have provided convincing proof-of-concept results, triggering clinical studies in multiple countries. However, a few important uncertainties are yet to be addressed, warranting further investigation before clinical implementation of this novel therapy. An overview of the potential of stem cell therapy to provide new CMs for cardiac regeneration is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
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Abulaiti M, Yalikun Y, Murata K, Sato A, Sami MM, Sasaki Y, Fujiwara Y, Minatoya K, Shiba Y, Tanaka Y, Masumoto H. Establishment of a heart-on-a-chip microdevice based on human iPS cells for the evaluation of human heart tissue function. Sci Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1419] [Impact Index Per Article: 354.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human iPS cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) hold promise for drug discovery for heart diseases and cardiac toxicity tests. To utilize human iPSC-derived CMs, the establishment of three-dimensional (3D) heart tissues from iPSC-derived CMs and other heart cells, and a sensitive bioassay system to depict physiological heart function are anticipated. We have developed a heart-on-a-chip microdevice (HMD) as a novel system consisting of dynamic culture-based 3D cardiac microtissues derived from human iPSCs and microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based microfluidic chips. The HMDs could visualize the kinetics of cardiac microtissue pulsations by monitoring particle displacement, which enabled us to quantify the physiological parameters, including fluidic output, pressure, and force. The HMDs demonstrated a strong correlation between particle displacement and the frequency of external electrical stimulation. The transition patterns were validated by a previously reported versatile video-based system to evaluate contractile function. The patterns are also consistent with oscillations of intracellular calcium ion concentration of CMs, which is a fundamental biological component of CM contraction. The HMDs showed a pharmacological response to isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, that resulted in a strong correlation between beating rate and particle displacement. Thus, we have validated the basic performance of HMDs as a resource for human iPSC-based pharmacological investigations.
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127
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Abulaiti M, Yalikun Y, Murata K, Sato A, Sami MM, Sasaki Y, Fujiwara Y, Minatoya K, Shiba Y, Tanaka Y, Masumoto H. Establishment of a heart-on-a-chip microdevice based on human iPS cells for the evaluation of human heart tissue function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19201. [PMID: 33154509 PMCID: PMC7645446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human iPS cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) hold promise for drug discovery for heart diseases and cardiac toxicity tests. To utilize human iPSC-derived CMs, the establishment of three-dimensional (3D) heart tissues from iPSC-derived CMs and other heart cells, and a sensitive bioassay system to depict physiological heart function are anticipated. We have developed a heart-on-a-chip microdevice (HMD) as a novel system consisting of dynamic culture-based 3D cardiac microtissues derived from human iPSCs and microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based microfluidic chips. The HMDs could visualize the kinetics of cardiac microtissue pulsations by monitoring particle displacement, which enabled us to quantify the physiological parameters, including fluidic output, pressure, and force. The HMDs demonstrated a strong correlation between particle displacement and the frequency of external electrical stimulation. The transition patterns were validated by a previously reported versatile video-based system to evaluate contractile function. The patterns are also consistent with oscillations of intracellular calcium ion concentration of CMs, which is a fundamental biological component of CM contraction. The HMDs showed a pharmacological response to isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, that resulted in a strong correlation between beating rate and particle displacement. Thus, we have validated the basic performance of HMDs as a resource for human iPSC-based pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosha Abulaiti
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Kozue Murata
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Mustafa M Sami
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Sasaki
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasue Fujiwara
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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He L, Chen X. Cardiomyocyte Induction and Regeneration for Myocardial Infarction Treatment: Cell Sources and Administration Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001175. [PMID: 33000909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occlusion of coronary artery and subsequent damage or death of myocardium can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) and even heart failure-one of the leading causes of deaths world wide. Notably, myocardium has extremely limited regeneration potential due to the loss or death of cardiomyocytes (i.e., the cells of which the myocardium is comprised) upon MI. A variety of stem cells and stem cell-derived cardiovascular cells, in situ cardiac fibroblasts and endogenous proliferative epicardium, have been exploited to provide renewable cellular sources to treat injured myocardium. Also, different strategies, including direct injection of cell suspensions, bioactive molecules, or cell-incorporated biomaterials, and implantation of artificial cardiac scaffolds (e.g., cell sheets and cardiac patches), have been developed to deliver renewable cells and/or bioactive molecules to the MI site for the myocardium regeneration. This article briefly surveys cell sources and delivery strategies, along with biomaterials and their processing techniques, developed for MI treatment. Key issues and challenges, as well as recommendations for future research, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N5A9 Canada
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129
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Tan Y, Wang L, Chen G, Liu W, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Li W, Wu J, Hao J. Hyaluronate supports hESC-cardiomyocyte cell therapy for cardiac regeneration after acute myocardial infarction. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12942. [PMID: 33107673 PMCID: PMC7705924 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enormous progress has been made in cardiac regeneration using human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocyte (hESC‐CM) grafts in pre‐clinical trials. However, the rate of cell survival has remained very low due to anoikis after transplantation into the heart as single cells. Numerous solutions have been proposed to improve cell survival, and one of these strategies is to co‐transplant biocompatible materials or hydrogels with the hESC‐CMs. Methods In our study, we screened various combinations of biomaterials that could promote anoikis resistance and improve hESC‐CM survival upon co‐transplantation and promote cardiac functional recovery. We injected different combinations of Matrigel, alginate and hyaluronate with hESC‐CM suspensions into the myocardium of rat models with myocardial infarction (MI). Results Our results showed that the group treated with a combination of hyaluronate and hESC‐CMs had the lowest arrhythmia rates when stimulated with programmed electrical stimulation. While all three combinations of hydrogel‐hESC‐CM treatments improved rat cardiac function compared with the saline control group, the combination with hyaluronate most significantly reduced pathological changes from left ventricular remodelling and improved both left ventricular function and left ventricular ejection fraction by 28 days post‐infarction. Conclusion Hence, we concluded that hyaluronate‐hESC‐CM is a superior combination therapy for promoting cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Tan
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Wang
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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130
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Cardiac Optogenetics in Atrial Fibrillation: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8814092. [PMID: 33195698 PMCID: PMC7641281 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although rarely life-threatening on short term, atrial fibrillation leads to increased mortality and decreased quality of life through its complications, including heart failure and stroke. Recent studies highlight the benefits of maintaining sinus rhythm. However, pharmacological long-term rhythm control strategies may be shadowed by associated proarrhythmic effects. At the same time, electrical cardioversion is limited to hospitals, while catheter ablation therapy, although effective, is invasive and is dedicated to specific patients, usually with low amounts of atrial fibrosis (preferably Utah I-II). Cardiac optogenetics allows influencing the heart's electrical activity by applying specific wavelength light pulses to previously engineered cardiomyocytes into expressing microbial derived light-sensitive proteins called opsins. The resulting ion influx may give rise to either hyperpolarizing or depolarizing currents, thus offering a therapeutic potential in cardiac electrophysiology, including pacing, resynchronization, and arrhythmia termination. Optogenetic atrial fibrillation cardioversion might be achieved by inducing a conduction block or filling of the excitable gap. The authors agree that transmural opsin expression and appropriate illumination with an exposure time longer than the arrhythmia cycle length are necessary to achieve successful arrhythmia termination. However, the efficiency and safety of biological cardioversion in humans remain to be seen, as well as side effects such as immune reactions and loss of opsin expression. The possibility of delivering pain-free shocks with out-of-hospital biological cardioversion is tempting; however, there are several issues that need to be addressed first: applicability and safety in humans, long-term behaviour, anticoagulation requirements, and fibrosis interactions.
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Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the heart has long fascinated scientists. In contrast to other organs such as liver, skin, and skeletal muscle, the heart possesses only a minimal regenerative capacity. It lacks a progenitor cell population, and cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle shortly after birth and do not re-enter after injury. Thus, any loss of cardiomyocytes is essentially irreversible and can lead to or exaggerate heart failure, which represents a major public health problem. New therapeutic options are urgently needed, but regenerative therapies have remained an unfulfilled promise in cardiovascular medicine until today. Yet, through a clearer comprehension of signaling pathways that regulate the cardiomyocyte cell cycle and advances in stem cell technology, strategies have evolved that demonstrate the potential to generate new myocytes and thereby fulfill an essential central criterion for heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weinberger
- Institute for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; , .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; , .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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132
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Tu C, Mezynski R, Wu JC. Improving the engraftment and integration of cell transplantation for cardiac regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:473-475. [PMID: 31504255 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Tu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Racheal Mezynski
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27605, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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133
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Armstrong K, Larson C, Asfour H, Ransbury T, Sarvazyan N. A Percutaneous Catheter for In Vivo Hyperspectral Imaging of Cardiac Tissue: Challenges, Solutions and Future Directions. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:560-575. [PMID: 32666326 PMCID: PMC7530025 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple studies have shown that spectral analysis of tissue autofluorescence can be used as a live indicator for various pathophysiological states of cardiac tissue, including ischemia, ablation-induced damage, or scar formation. Yet today there are no percutaneous devices that can detect autofluorescence signals from inside a beating heart. Our aim was to develop a prototype catheter to demonstrate the feasibility of doing so. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we summarize technical solutions leading to the development of a percutaneous catheter capable of multispectral imaging of intracardiac surfaces. The process included several iterations of light sources, optical filtering, and image acquisition techniques. The developed system included a compliant balloon, 355 nm laser irradiance, a high-sensitivity CCD, bandpass filtering, and image acquisition synchronized with the cardiac cycle. It enabled us to capture autofluorescence images from multiple spectral bands within the visible range while illuminating the endocardial surface with ultraviolet light. Principal component analysis and other spectral unmixing post-processing algorithms were then used to reveal target tissue. CONCLUSION Based on the success of our prototype system, we are confident that the development of ever more sensitive cameras, recent advances in tunable filters, fiber bundles, and other optical and computational components makes it possible to create percutaneous catheters capable of acquiring hyper or multispectral hypercubes, including those based on autofluorescence, in real-time. This opens the door for widespread use of this methodology for high-resolution intraoperative imaging of internal tissues and organs-including cardiovascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Armstrong
- Nocturnal Product Development, LLC, 8128 Renaissance Pkwy #210, Durham, NC, 27713, USA.
| | - Cinnamon Larson
- Nocturnal Product Development, LLC, 8128 Renaissance Pkwy #210, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Huda Asfour
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Terry Ransbury
- LuxMed Systems, Inc, 124 Country Drive, Weston, MA, 02493, USA
| | - Narine Sarvazyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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134
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Filice D, Dhahri W, Solan JL, Lampe PD, Steele E, Milani N, Van Biber B, Zhu WZ, Valdman TS, Romagnuolo R, Otero-Cruz JD, Hauch KD, Kay MW, Sarvazyan N, Laflamme MA. Optical mapping of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte graft electrical activity in injured hearts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32988411 PMCID: PMC7523067 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) show tremendous promise for cardiac regeneration, but the successful development of hESC-CM-based therapies requires improved tools to investigate their electrical behavior in recipient hearts. While optical voltage mapping is a powerful technique for studying myocardial electrical activity ex vivo, we have previously shown that intra-cardiac hESC-CM grafts are not labeled by conventional voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes. We hypothesized that the water-soluble voltage-sensitive dye di-2-ANEPEQ would label engrafted hESC-CMs and thereby facilitate characterization of graft electrical function and integration. METHODS We developed and validated a novel optical voltage mapping strategy based on the simultaneous imaging of the calcium-sensitive fluorescent protein GCaMP3, a graft-autonomous reporter of graft activation, and optical action potentials (oAPs) derived from di-2-ANEPEQ, which labels both graft and host myocardium. Cardiomyocytes from three different GCaMP3+ hESC lines (H7, RUES2, or ESI-17) were transplanted into guinea pig models of subacute and chronic infarction, followed by optical mapping at 2 weeks post-transplantation. RESULTS Use of a water-soluble voltage-sensitive dye revealed pro-arrhythmic properties of GCaMP3+ hESC-CM grafts from all three lines including slow conduction velocity, incomplete host-graft coupling, and spatially heterogeneous patterns of activation that varied beat-to-beat. GCaMP3+ hESC-CMs from the RUES2 and ESI-17 lines both showed prolonged oAP durations both in vitro and in vivo. Although hESC-CMs partially remuscularize the injured hearts, histological evaluation revealed immature graft structure and impaired gap junction expression at this early timepoint. CONCLUSION Simultaneous imaging of GCaMP3 and di-2-ANEPEQ allowed us to acquire the first unambiguously graft-derived oAPs from hESC-CM-engrafted hearts and yielded critical insights into their arrhythmogenic potential and line-to-line variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Filice
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wahiba Dhahri
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Rm 3-908, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Joell L Solan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Erin Steele
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nikita Milani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin Van Biber
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wei-Zhong Zhu
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tamilla Sadikov Valdman
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Rm 3-908, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Rocco Romagnuolo
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Rm 3-908, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - José David Otero-Cruz
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kip D Hauch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, G. Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Narine Sarvazyan
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, G. Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Rm 3-908, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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135
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Protze SI, Lee JH, Keller GM. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Cells: From Developmental Biology to Therapeutic Applications. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:311-327. [PMID: 31491395 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of cardiovascular development have provided a roadmap for the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to the major cell types found in the heart. In this Perspective, we review the state of the field in generating and maturing cardiovascular cells from hPSCs based on our fundamental understanding of heart development. We then highlight their applications for studying human heart development, modeling disease-performing drug screening, and cell replacement therapy. With the advancements highlighted here, the promise that hPSCs will deliver new treatments for degenerative and debilitating diseases may soon be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Protze
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jee Hoon Lee
- BlueRock Therapeutics ULC, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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136
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Selvakumar D, Clayton ZE, Chong JJH. Robust Cardiac Regeneration: Fulfilling the Promise of Cardiac Cell Therapy. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1857-1879. [PMID: 32943195 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We review the history of cardiac cell therapy, highlighting lessons learned from initial adult stem cell (ASC) clinical trials. We present pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) as a leading candidate for robust regeneration of infarcted myocardium but identify several issues that must be addressed before successful clinical translation. METHODS We conducted an unstructured literature review of PubMed-listed articles, selecting the most comprehensive and relevant research articles, review articles, clinical trials, and basic or translation articles in the field of cardiac cell therapy. Articles were identified using the search terms adult stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, cardiac stem cell, and cardiac regeneration or from references of relevant articles, Articles were prioritized and selected based on their impact, originality, or potential clinical applicability. FINDINGS Since its inception, the ASC therapy field has been troubled by conflicting preclinical data, academic controversies, and inconsistent trial designs. These issues have damaged perceptions of cardiac cell therapy among investors, the academic community, health care professionals, and, importantly, patients. In hindsight, the key issue underpinning these problems was the inability of these cell types to differentiate directly into genuine cardiomyocytes, rendering them unable to replace damaged myocardium. Despite this, beneficial effects through indirect paracrine or immunomodulatory effects remain possible and continue to be investigated. However, in preclinical models, PSC-CMs have robustly remuscularized infarcted myocardium with functional, force-generating cardiomyocytes. Hence, PSC-CMs have now emerged as a leading candidate for cardiac regeneration, and unpublished reports of first-in-human delivery of these cells have recently surfaced. However, the cardiac cell therapy field's history should serve as a cautionary tale, and we identify several translational hurdles that still remain. Preclinical solutions to issues such as arrhythmogenicity, immunogenicity, and poor engraftment rates are needed, and next-generation clinical trials must draw on robust knowledge of mechanistic principles of the therapy. IMPLICATIONS The clinical transplantation of functional stem cell-derived heart tissue with seamless integration into native myocardium is a lofty goal. However, considerable advances have been made during the past 2 decades. Currently, PSC-CMs appear to be the best prospect to reach this goal, but several hurdles remain. The history of adult stem cell trials has taught us that shortcuts cannot be taken without dire consequences, and it is essential that progress not be hurried and that a worldwide, cross-disciplinary approach be used to ensure safe and effective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Selvakumar
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe E Clayton
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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137
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Rogers ZJ, Zeevi MP, Koppes R, Bencherif SA. Electroconductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:279-292. [PMID: 34476358 PMCID: PMC8370338 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, electroconductive hydrogels, integrating both the biomimetic attributes of hydrogels and the electrochemical properties of conductive materials, have gained significant attention. Hydrogels, three-dimensional and swollen hydrophilic polymer networks, are an important class of tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds owing to their microstructural and mechanical properties, ability to mimic the native extracellular matrix, and promote tissue repair. However, hydrogels are intrinsically insulating and therefore unable to emulate the complex electrophysiological microenvironment of cardiac and neural tissues. To overcome this challenge, electroconductive materials, including carbon-based materials, nanoparticles, and polymers, have been incorporated within nonconductive hydrogels to replicate the electrical and biological characteristics of biological tissues. This review gives a brief introduction on the rational design of electroconductive hydrogels and their current applications in TE, especially for neural and cardiac regeneration. The recent progress and development trends of electroconductive hydrogels, their challenges, and clinical translatability, as well as their future perspectives, with a focus on advanced manufacturing technologies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P. Zeevi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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138
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Mandrycky C, Hadland B, Zheng Y. 3D curvature-instructed endothelial flow response and tissue vascularization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb3629. [PMID: 32938662 PMCID: PMC7494348 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization remains a long-standing challenge in engineering complex tissues. Particularly needed is recapitulating 3D vascular features, including continuous geometries with defined diameter, curvature, and torsion. Here, we developed a spiral microvessel model that allows precise control of curvature and torsion and supports homogeneous tissue perfusion at the centimeter scale. Using this system, we showed proof-of-principle modeling of tumor progression and engineered cardiac tissue vascularization. We demonstrated that 3D curvature induced rotation and mixing under laminar flow, leading to unique phenotypic and transcriptional changes in endothelial cells (ECs). Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq identified specific EC gene clusters in spiral microvessels. These mark a proinflammatory phenotype associated with vascular development and remodeling, and a unique cell cluster expressing genes regulating vascular stability and development. Our results shed light on the role of heterogeneous vascular structures in differential development and pathogenesis and provide previously unavailable tools to potentially improve tissue vascularization and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mandrycky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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139
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Abstract
Heart failure is a life-threatening disease prevalent worldwide. Cardiac transplantation is the last resort for patients with severe heart failure, but donor shortages represent a critical issue. Cardiac regenerative therapy is beneficial, but it is currently unsuitable as a substitute for cardiac transplantation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are excellent sources for the generation of terminally differentiated cells. The preparation of a large number of pure cardiomyocytes (CMs) is the major premise for translational studies. To control the quality of the generated CMs, an efficient differentiation method, purification strategy, and mass-scale culture must be developed. Metabolic purification and large-scale culture systems have been established, and pure hiPSC-derived CMs of clinical grade are now available for translational research. The most critical challenge in cell therapy is the engraftment of transplanted cells. To overcome the low engraftment ratio of single CMs, aggregations of CMs are developed as cardiac spheroids. A cardiac transplantation device with domed tips and lateral holes has been developed for the transplantation of cardiac spheroids. Large animal models are necessary as the next step in the process toward clinical application. The transplant device has successfully been used to inject cardiac spheroids uniformly into myocardial layers in swine, and this approach is progressing toward clinical use. Remaining issues include immunological rejection and arrhythmia, which will require further investigation to establish safe and effective transplantation. This review summarizes the present status and future challenges of cardiac regenerative therapies.
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140
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Choi SW, Cho YW, Kim JG, Kim YJ, Kim E, Chung HM, Kang SW. Effect of Cell Labeling on the Function of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:287-294. [PMID: 32323512 PMCID: PMC7378900 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell labeling technologies are required to monitor the fate of transplanted cells in vivo and to select target cells for the observation of certain changes in vitro. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been transplanted for the treatment of heart injuries or used in vitro for preclinical cardiac safety assessments. Cardiomyocyte (CM) labeling has been used in these processes to facilitate target cell monitoring. However, the functional effect of the labeling agent on hiPSC-CMs has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of labeling agents on CM cellular functions. 3'-Dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), quantum dots (QDs), and a DNA plasmid expressing EGFP using Lipo2K were used to label hiPSC-CMs. We conclude that the hiPSC-CM labeling with DiO and QDs does not induce arrhythmogenic effects but rather improves the mRNA expression of cardiac ion channels and Ca2+ influx by L-type Ca2+ channels. Thus, DiO and QD labeling agents may be useful tools to monitor transplanted CMs, and further in vivo influences of the labeling agents should be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Woo Choi
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University College of Pharmacy, Cheongju, Korea.,Division of Drug Evaluation, NDDC, Oseong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Gon Kim
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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141
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He L, Nguyen NB, Ardehali R, Zhou B. Heart Regeneration by Endogenous Stem Cells and Cardiomyocyte Proliferation: Controversy, Fallacy, and Progress. Circulation 2020; 142:275-291. [PMID: 32687441 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes with subsequent adverse remodeling and heart failure. Identifying new sources for cardiomyocytes and promoting their formation represents a goal of cardiac biology and regenerative medicine. Within the past decade, many types of putative cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to regenerate the injured myocardium by differentiating into new cardiomyocytes. Some of these CSCs have been translated from bench to bed with reported therapeutic effectiveness. However, recent basic research studies on stem cell tracing have begun to question their fundamental biology and mechanisms of action, raising serious concerns over the myogenic potential of CSCs. We review the history of different types of CSCs within the past decade and provide an update of recent cell tracing studies that have challenged the origin and existence of CSCs. In addition to the potential role of CSCs in heart regeneration, proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes has recently gained more attention. This review will also evaluate the methodologic and technical aspects of past and current studies on CSCs and cardiomyocyte proliferation, with emphasis on technical strengths, advantages, and potential limitations of research approaches. While our understanding of cardiomyocyte generation and regeneration continues to evolve, it is important to address the shortcomings and inaccuracies in this field. This is best achieved by embracing technological advancements and improved methods to label single cardiomyocytes/progenitors and accurately investigate their developmental potential and fate/lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., B.Z.)
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., B.Z.).,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.).,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China (B.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.)
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142
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Kadota S, Tanaka Y, Shiba Y. Heart regeneration using pluripotent stem cells. J Cardiol 2020; 76:459-463. [PMID: 32690435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which include embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs, respectively), have great potential in regenerative medicine for heart diseases due to their virtually unlimited cardiogenic capacity. Many preclinical studies have described the functional benefits after transplantation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs). However, transient ventricular arrhythmias were detected after injection into non-human primates and swine ischemic hearts; as engrafted PSC-CMs form an electrical coupling between host and graft, the immature characteristics of PSC-CMs may serve as an ectopic pacemaker. We are entering a critical time in the development of novel therapies using PSC-CMs, with the recent first clinical trial using human iPSC-CMs (hiPSC-CMs) being launched in Japan. In this review, we summarize the updated knowledge, perspectives, and limitations of PSC-CMs for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kadota
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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143
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Increased predominance of the matured ventricular subtype in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11883. [PMID: 32681032 PMCID: PMC7368005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes can affect “heart regeneration”, replacing injured cardiac scar tissue with concomitant electrical integration. However, electrically coupled graft cardiomyocytes were found to innately induce transient post-transplant ventricular tachycardia in recent large animal model transplantation studies. We hypothesised that these phenomena were derived from alterations in the grafted cardiomyocyte characteristics. In vitro experiments showed that human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) contain nodal-like cardiomyocytes that spontaneously contract faster than working-type cardiomyocytes. When transplanted into athymic rat hearts, proliferative capacity was lower for nodal-like than working-type cardiomyocytes with grafted cardiomyocytes eventually comprising only relatively matured ventricular cardiomyocytes. RNA-sequencing of engrafted hESC-CMs confirmed the increased expression of matured ventricular cardiomyocyte-related genes, and simultaneous decreased expression of nodal cardiomyocyte-related genes. Temporal engraftment of electrical excitable nodal-like cardiomyocytes may thus explain the transient incidence of post-transplant ventricular tachycardia, although further large animal model studies will be required to control post-transplant arrhythmia.
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144
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Parrotta EI, Lucchino V, Scaramuzzino L, Scalise S, Cuda G. Modeling Cardiac Disease Mechanisms Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Progress, Promises and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4354. [PMID: 32575374 PMCID: PMC7352327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels. Despite progress in clinical research and therapy, CVDs still represent the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The hallmarks of cardiac diseases include heart dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death, inflammation, fibrosis, scar tissue, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and abnormal ventricular remodeling. The loss of cardiomyocytes is an irreversible process that leads to fibrosis and scar formation, which, in turn, induce heart failure with progressive and dramatic consequences. Both genetic and environmental factors pathologically contribute to the development of CVDs, but the precise causes that trigger cardiac diseases and their progression are still largely unknown. The lack of reliable human model systems for such diseases has hampered the unraveling of the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular processes involved in heart diseases at their initial stage and during their progression. Over the past decade, significant scientific advances in the field of stem cell biology have literally revolutionized the study of human disease in vitro. Remarkably, the possibility to generate disease-relevant cell types from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into an unprecedented and powerful opportunity to achieve the long-standing ambition to investigate human diseases at a cellular level, uncovering their molecular mechanisms, and finally to translate bench discoveries into potential new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an update on previous and current research in the field of iPSC-driven cardiovascular disease modeling, with the aim of underlining the potential of stem-cell biology-based approaches in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of these life-threatening diseases.
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145
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Maroli G, Braun T. The long and winding road of cardiomyocyte maturation. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:712-726. [PMID: 32514522 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation and differentiation has increased exponentially in recent years. Such insights together with the availability of more efficient protocols for generation of CMs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have raised expectations for new therapeutic strategies to treat congenital and non-congenital heart diseases. However, the poor regenerative potential of the postnatal heart and the incomplete maturation of iPSC-derived CMs represent important bottlenecks for such therapies in future years. CMs undergo dramatic changes at the doorstep between prenatal and postnatal life, including terminal cell cycle withdrawal, change in metabolism, and further specialization of the cellular machinery required for high-performance contraction. Here, we review recent insights into pre- and early postnatal developmental processes that regulate CM maturation, laying specific focus on genetic and metabolic pathways that control transition of CMs from the embryonic and perinatal to the fully mature adult CM state. We recapitulate the intrinsic features of CM maturation and highlight the importance of external factors, such as energy substrate availability and endocrine regulation in shaping postnatal CM development. We also address recent approaches to enhance maturation of iPSC-derived CMs in vitro, and summarize new discoveries that might provide useful tools for translational research on repair of the injured human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maroli
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhein-Main, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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146
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Kramer JPM, Aigner TB, Petzold J, Roshanbinfar K, Scheibel T, Engel FB. Recombinant spider silk protein eADF4(C16)-RGD coatings are suitable for cardiac tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8789. [PMID: 32472031 PMCID: PMC7260369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is a promising approach to treat cardiovascular diseases, which are a major socio-economic burden worldwide. An optimal material for cardiac tissue engineering, allowing cardiomyocyte attachment and exhibiting proper immunocompatibility, biocompatibility and mechanical characteristics, has not yet emerged. An additional challenge is to develop a fabrication method that enables the generation of proper hierarchical structures and constructs with a high density of cardiomyocytes for optimal contractility. Thus, there is a focus on identifying suitable materials for cardiac tissue engineering. Here, we investigated the interaction of neonatal rat heart cells with engineered spider silk protein (eADF4(C16)) tagged with the tripeptide arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid cell adhesion motif RGD, which can be used as coating, but can also be 3D printed. Cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells attached well to eADF4(C16)-RGD coatings, which did not induce hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes, but allowed response to hypertrophic as well as proliferative stimuli. Furthermore, Kymograph and MUSCLEMOTION analyses showed proper cardiomyocyte beating characteristics on spider silk coatings, and cardiomyocytes formed compact cell aggregates, exhibiting markedly higher speed of contraction than cardiomyocyte mono-layers on fibronectin. The results suggest that eADF4(C16)-RGD is a promising material for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P M Kramer
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamara B Aigner
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jana Petzold
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universitätsstraße 30, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95447, Germany.
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- MURCE, Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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147
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Zhao C, Tian S, Liu Q, Xiu K, Lei I, Wang Z, Ma PX. Biodegradable nanofibrous temperature-responsive gelling microspheres for heart regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000776. [PMID: 33071711 PMCID: PMC7567402 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is the number one killer of heart patients. Existing treatments for heart attack do not address the underlying problem of cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and cannot regenerate the myocardium. Introducing exogenous cardiac cells is required for heart regeneration due to the lack of resident progenitor cells and very limited proliferative potential of adult CMs. Poor retention of transplanted cells is the critical bottleneck of heart regeneration. Here, we report the invention of a poly(l-lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) copolymer and its self-assembly into nanofibrous gelling microspheres (NF-GMS). The NF-GMS undergo thermally responsive transition to form not only a 3D hydrogel after injection in vivo, but also exhibit architectural and structural characteristics mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of nanofibrous proteins and gelling proteoglycans or polysaccharides. By integrating the ECM-mimicking features, injectable form, and the capability of maintaining 3D geometry after injection, the transplantation of hESC-derived CMs carried by NF-GMS led to a striking 10-fold graft size increase over direct CM injection in an infarcted rat model, which is the highest reported engraftment to date. Furthermore, NF-GMS carried CM transplantation dramatically reduced infarct size, enhanced integration of transplanted CMs, stimulated vascularization in the infarct zone, and led to a substantial recovery of cardiac function. The NF-GMS may also serve as advanced injectable and integrative biomaterials for cell/biomolecule delivery in a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Qihai Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kemao Xiu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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148
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Zhao C, Tian S, Liu Q, Xiu K, Lei I, Wang Z, Ma PX. Biodegradable nanofibrous temperature-responsive gelling microspheres for heart regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020. [PMID: 33071711 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is the number one killer of heart patients. Existing treatments for heart attack do not address the underlying problem of cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and cannot regenerate the myocardium. Introducing exogenous cardiac cells is required for heart regeneration due to the lack of resident progenitor cells and very limited proliferative potential of adult CMs. Poor retention of transplanted cells is the critical bottleneck of heart regeneration. Here, we report the invention of a poly(l-lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) copolymer and its self-assembly into nanofibrous gelling microspheres (NF-GMS). The NF-GMS undergo thermally responsive transition to form not only a 3D hydrogel after injection in vivo, but also exhibit architectural and structural characteristics mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of nanofibrous proteins and gelling proteoglycans or polysaccharides. By integrating the ECM-mimicking features, injectable form, and the capability of maintaining 3D geometry after injection, the transplantation of hESC-derived CMs carried by NF-GMS led to a striking 10-fold graft size increase over direct CM injection in an infarcted rat model, which is the highest reported engraftment to date. Furthermore, NF-GMS carried CM transplantation dramatically reduced infarct size, enhanced integration of transplanted CMs, stimulated vascularization in the infarct zone, and led to a substantial recovery of cardiac function. The NF-GMS may also serve as advanced injectable and integrative biomaterials for cell/biomolecule delivery in a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Qihai Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kemao Xiu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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149
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Extracellular vesicles from human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells promote cardiac infarct healing through reducing cardiomyocyte death and promoting angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 32393784 PMCID: PMC7214429 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) are a promising source for myocardial repair, while the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to mediate cell–cell communication, however, the efficacy and mechanisms of hPSC-CVPC-secreted EVs (hCVPC-EVs) in the infarct healing when given at the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) are unknown. Here, we report the cardioprotective effects of the EVs secreted from hESC-CVPCs under normoxic (EV-N) and hypoxic (EV-H) conditions in the infarcted heart and the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-related mechanisms. The hCVPC-EVs were confirmed by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and immunoblotting analysis. Injection of hCVPC-EVs into acutely infracted murine myocardium significantly improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis at day 28 post MI, accompanied with the improved vascularization and cardiomyocyte survival at border zones. Consistently, hCVPC-EVs enhanced the tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), improved the cell viability, and attenuated the lactate dehydrogenase release of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Moreover, the improvement of the EV-H in cardiomyocyte survival and tube formation of HUVECs was significantly better than these in the EV-N. RNA-seq analysis revealed a high abundance of the lncRNA MALAT1 in the EV-H. Its abundance was upregulated in the infarcted myocardium and cardiomyocytes treated with hCVPC-EVs. Overexpression of human MALAT1 improved the cell viability of NRCM with OGD injury, while knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited the hCVPC-EV-promoted tube formation of HUVECs. Furthermore, luciferase activity assay, RNA pull-down, and manipulation of miR-497 levels showed that MALAT1 improved NRCMs survival and HUVEC tube formation through targeting miR-497. These results reveal that hCVPC-EVs promote the infarct healing through improvement of cardiomyocyte survival and angiogenesis. The cardioprotective effects of hCVPC-EVs can be enhanced by hypoxia-conditioning of hCVPCs and are partially contributed by MALAT1 via targeting the miRNA.
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150
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Yap L, Wang JW, Moreno-Moral A, Chong LY, Sun Y, Harmston N, Wang X, Chong SY, Vanezis K, Öhman MK, Wei H, Bunte R, Gosh S, Cook S, Hovatta O, de Kleijn DPV, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. In Vivo Generation of Post-infarct Human Cardiac Muscle by Laminin-Promoted Cardiovascular Progenitors. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3231-3245.e9. [PMID: 30893597 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of injured human heart muscle is limited and an unmet clinical need. There are no methods for the reproducible generation of clinical-quality stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitors (CVPs). We identified laminin-221 (LN-221) as the most likely expressed cardiac laminin. We produced it as human recombinant protein and showed that LN-221 promotes differentiation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward cardiomyocyte lineage and downregulates pluripotency and teratoma-associated genes. We developed a chemically defined, xeno-free laminin-based differentiation protocol to generate CVPs. We show high reproducibility of the differentiation protocol using time-course bulk RNA sequencing developed from different hESC lines. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CVPs derived from hESC lines supported reproducibility and identified three main progenitor subpopulations. These CVPs were transplanted into myocardial infarction mice, where heart function was measured by echocardiogram and human heart muscle bundle formation was identified histologically. This method may provide clinical-quality cells for use in regenerative cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Yap
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Yen Chong
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yi Sun
- BioLamina AB, Löfströms Allé 5A, Sundbyberg 17266, Sweden
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Konstantinos Vanezis
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Miina K Öhman
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Heming Wei
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Ralph Bunte
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Gosh
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Stuart Cook
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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