101
|
Vats S, Galli T. Role of SNAREs in Unconventional Secretion-Focus on the VAMP7-Dependent Secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884020. [PMID: 35784483 PMCID: PMC9244844 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular membrane protein trafficking is crucial for both normal cellular physiology and cell-cell communication. The conventional secretory route follows transport from the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus. Alternative modes of secretion which can bypass the need for passage through the Golgi apparatus have been collectively termed as Unconventional protein secretion (UPS). UPS can comprise of cargo without a signal peptide or proteins which escape the Golgi in spite of entering the ER. UPS has been classified further depending on the mode of transport. Type I and Type II unconventional secretion are non-vesicular and non-SNARE protein dependent whereas Type III and Type IV dependent on vesicles and on SNARE proteins. In this review, we focus on the Type III UPS which involves the import of cytoplasmic proteins in membrane carriers of autophagosomal/endosomal origin and release in the extracellular space following SNARE-dependent intracellular membrane fusion. We discuss the role of vesicular SNAREs with a strong focus on VAMP7, a vesicular SNARE involved in exosome, lysosome and autophagy mediated secretion. We further extend our discussion to the role of unconventional secretion in health and disease with emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somya Vats
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Zhai S, Hu W, Wang W, Chai L, An Q, Li C, Liu Z. Tracking autophagy process with a through bond energy transfer-based ratiometric two-photon viscosity probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114484. [PMID: 35724553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation process in cells, which is of vital significance to the health and operation of organisms. Due to the increase of lysosomal viscosity during autophagy, viscosity probes that specifically accumulate in lysosome are powerful tools for monitoring autophagy and investigating related diseases. However, there is still a lack of viscosity-sensitive ratiometric autophagy probes, which restricts the tracking of autophagy with high accuracy in complex physiological environment. Herein, a viscosity-responsive, lysosome targeted two-photon fluorescent probe Lyso-Vis was designed based on through bond energy transfer (TBET) mechanism. The TBET-based probe achieved the separation of two emission baselines, which greatly improved the resolution and reliability of sensing and imaging. Under 810 nm two-photon excitation, the emission intensity ratio of the red and green channel increased with a viscosity dependent manner. Lyso-Vis not only for the first time realized ratiometric sensing of lysosomal viscosity during autophagy process, but also visualized the association of autophagy with inflammation and stroke, and it was applied to explore the activation and inhibition of autophagy during stroke in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology College of Chemistry, Ministry of Education Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Chai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qian An
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Characterization of Protein-Membrane Interactions in Yeast Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121876. [PMID: 35741004 PMCID: PMC9221364 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells rely on autophagy to degrade cytosolic material and maintain homeostasis. During autophagy, content to be degraded is encapsulated in double membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, which fuse with the yeast vacuole for degradation. This conserved cellular process requires the dynamic rearrangement of membranes. As such, the process of autophagy requires many soluble proteins that bind to membranes to restructure, tether, or facilitate lipid transfer between membranes. Here, we review the methods that have been used to investigate membrane binding by the core autophagy machinery and additional accessory proteins involved in autophagy in yeast. We also review the key experiments demonstrating how each autophagy protein was shown to interact with membranes.
Collapse
|
104
|
Macrophages disseminate pathogen associated molecular patterns through the direct extracellular release of the soluble content of their phagolysosomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3072. [PMID: 35654768 PMCID: PMC9163141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns is critical to inflammation. However, most pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns exist within intact microbes/cells and are typically part of non-diffusible, stable macromolecules that are not optimally immunostimulatory or available for immune detection. Partial digestion of microbes/cells following phagocytosis potentially generates new diffusible pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns, however, our current understanding of phagosomal biology would have these molecules sequestered and destroyed within phagolysosomes. Here, we show the controlled release of partially-digested, soluble material from phagolysosomes of macrophages through transient, iterative fusion-fission events between mature phagolysosomes and the plasma membrane, a process we term eructophagy. Eructophagy is most active in proinflammatory macrophages and further induced by toll like receptor engagement. Eructophagy is mediated by genes encoding proteins required for autophagy and can activate vicinal cells by release of phagolysosomally-processed, partially-digested pathogen associated molecular patterns. We propose that eructophagy allows macrophages to amplify local inflammation through the processing and dissemination of pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns. The detection of conserved motifs by pattern recognition receptors is a crucial component of the innate detection of pathogens and danger signals via conserved pattern recognition receptors. Here the authors define a pathway that transfers partially digested material from the phagolysosomal pathway of macrophages to release at the plasma membrane which is associated with enhanced inflammatory potential, by a process they introduce as eructophagy.
Collapse
|
105
|
Koyama-Honda I, Mizushima N. Transient visit of STX17 (syntaxin 17) to autophagosomes. Autophagy 2022; 18:1213-1215. [PMID: 35613317 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2079337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
STX17 (syntaxin 17) mediates autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and the translocation of STX17 to autophagosomes is characteristic of this process. STX17 arrives at autophagosomes when they are closed, stays there for approximately 10 min to promote fusion with lysosomes, and leaves when the autolysosomes are mature. However, the mechanism of this transient visit remains largely unknown. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about this phenomenon, including a recently discovered retrieval mechanism, and discuss remaining questions.Abbreviations: MAM: mitochondria-associated membrane; SNX: sorting nexin; STX17: syntaxin 17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Koyama-Honda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Targeting Aβ and p-Tau Clearance in Methamphetamine-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pathology: Roles of Syntaxin 17 in Autophagic Degradation in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3344569. [PMID: 35633882 PMCID: PMC9132709 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3344569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth), a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant with strong neurotoxicity, causes progressive cognitive impairment with characterized neurodegenerative changes. However, the mechanism underlying Meth-induced pathological changes remains poorly understood. In the current study, Meth elicited a striking accumulation of the pathological proteins hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid beta (Aβ) in primary hippocampal neurons, while the activation of autophagy dramatically ameliorated the high levels of these pathological proteins. Interestingly, after the Meth treatment, Aβ was massively deposited in autophagosomes, which were remarkably trapped in early endosomes. Mechanistically, syntaxin 17 (Stx17), a key soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein responsible for autophagosome and mature endosome/lysosome fusion, was significantly downregulated and hindered in combination with autophagosomes. Notably, adenovirus overexpression of Stx17 in primary neurons facilitated autophagosome-mature endosome/lysosome fusion, which dramatically reversed the Meth-induced increases in the levels of p-tau, Aβ, beta-secretase (Bace-1), and C-terminal fragments (CTFs). Immunofluorescence assays showed that Stx17 retarded the Meth-induced Aβ, p-tau, and Bace-1 accumulation in autophagosomes and facilitated the translocation of these pathological proteins to lysosomes, which indicated the importance of Stx17 via enhanced autophagosome-mature endosome/lysosome fusion. Therefore, the current study reveals a novel mechanism involving Meth-induced high levels of pathological proteins in neurons. Targeting Stx17 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for Meth-induced neurodegenerative changes.
Collapse
|
107
|
González-Rodríguez P, Klionsky DJ, Joseph B. Autophagy regulation by RNA alternative splicing and implications in human diseases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2735. [PMID: 35585060 PMCID: PMC9117662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and RNA alternative splicing are two evolutionarily conserved processes involved in overlapping physiological and pathological processes. However, the extent of functional connection is not well defined. Here, we consider the role for alternative splicing and generation of autophagy-related gene isoforms in the regulation of autophagy in recent work. The impact of changes to the RNA alternative splicing machinery and production of alternative spliced isoforms on autophagy are reviewed with particular focus on disease relevance. The use of drugs targeting both alternative splicing and autophagy as well as the selective regulation of single autophagy-related protein isoforms, are considered as therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia González-Rodríguez
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Tang H, Huang H, Wang D, Li P, Tian Z, Li D, Wang S, Ma R, Xia T, Wang A. TFEB ameliorates autophagy flux disturbance induced by PBDE-47 via up-regulating autophagy-lysosome fusion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128483. [PMID: 35739666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47), the widely used brominated flame retardant, has remarkable neurotoxicity which is associated with autophagy disorder. However, the mechanism remains unclear. The results showed that PBDE-47 damaged lysosomal biogenesis and interfered with autophagy-lysosome fusion both in vivo and in vitro. Our investigation further demonstrated that PBDE-47 could downregulate TFEB expression and inhibit the nuclear translocation of TFEB. Knockdown of TFEB in PC12 cells increased the reduction of lysosomal-associated proteins and the expression of STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 proteins involved in autophagy-lysosomal fusion. Conversely, Overexpression TFEB in vitro significantly improved lysosomal abundance and ameliorated the autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibition, thus restoring autophagic flux and improving PC12 cells survival. In addition, TFEB biologically interacted with STX17 by not inducing or inducing TFEB overexpression. Collectively, our results indicate that the autophagy flux compromised by PBDE-47 is related to the defective fusion of autophagosome and lysosome. TFEB may serve as a promising molecular target for future study of PBDE-47 developmental neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoying Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rulin Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Rong Y, Zhang S, Nandi N, Wu Z, Li L, Liu Y, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Yuan W, Zhou C, Xiao G, Levine B, Yan N, Mou S, Deng L, Tang Z, Liu X, Kramer H, Zhong Q. STING controls energy stress-induced autophagy and energy metabolism via STX17. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213198. [PMID: 35510944 PMCID: PMC9082627 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202202060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a critical role in innate immunity. Emerging evidence suggests that STING is important for DNA or cGAMP-induced non-canonical autophagy, which is independent of a large part of canonical autophagy machineries. Here, we report that, in the absence of STING, energy stress-induced autophagy is upregulated rather than downregulated. Depletion of STING in Drosophila fat cells enhances basal- and starvation-induced autophagic flux. During acute exercise, STING knockout mice show increased autophagy flux, exercise endurance, and altered glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, these observations could be explained by the STING-STX17 interaction. STING physically interacts with STX17, a SNARE that is essential for autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Energy crisis and TBK1-mediated phosphorylation both disrupt the STING-STX17 interaction, allow different pools of STX17 to translocate to phagophores and mature autophagosomes, and promote autophagic flux. Taken together, we demonstrate a heretofore unexpected function of STING in energy stress-induced autophagy through spatial regulation of autophagic SNARE STX17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Rong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nilay Nandi
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yuehan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weigang Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuchu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liufu Deng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Helmut Kramer
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Helmut Kramer:
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Wang J, Khan SU, Cao P, Chen X, Wang F, Zou D, Li H, Zhao H, Xu K, Jiao D, Yang C, Zhu F, Zhang Y, Su Y, Cheng W, Jia B, Qing Y, Jamal MA, Zhao HY, Wei HJ. Construction of PIK3C3 Transgenic Pig and Its Pathogenesis of Liver Damage. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:630. [PMID: 35629298 PMCID: PMC9146193 DOI: 10.3390/life12050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the PIKs family, PIK3C3 participates in autophagy and plays a central role in liver function. Several studies demonstrated that the complete suppression of PIK3C3 in mammals can cause hepatomegaly and hepatosteatosis. However, the function of PIK3C3 overexpression on the liver and other organs is still unknown. In this study, we successfully generated PIK3C3 transgenic pigs through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) by designing a specific vector for the overexpression of PIK3C3. Plasmid identification was performed through enzyme digestion and transfected into the fetal fibroblasts derived from Diannan miniature pigs. After 2 weeks of culturing, six positive colonies obtained from a total of 14 cell colonies were identified through PCR. One positive cell line was selected as the donor cell line for SCNT for the construction of PIK3C3transgenic pigs. Thirty single blastocysts were collected and identified as PIK3C3 transgenic-positive blastocysts. Two surrogates became pregnant after transferring the reconstructed embryos into four surrogates. Fetal fibroblasts of PIK3C3-positive fetuses identified through PCR were used as donor cells for SCNT to generate PIK3C3 transgenic pigs. To further explore the function of PIK3C3 overexpression, genotyping and phenotyping of the fetuses and piglets obtained were performed by PCR, immunohistochemical, HE, and apoptosis staining. The results showed that inflammatory infiltration and vacuolar formation in hepatocytes and apoptotic cells, and the mRNA expression of NF-κB, TGF-β1, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6 significantly increased in the livers of PIK3C3 transgenic pigs when compared with wild-type (WT) pigs. Immunofluorescence staining showed that LC3B and LAMP-1-positive cells increased in the livers of PIK3C3 transgenic pigs. In the EBSS-induced autophagy of the porcine fibroblast cells (PFCs), the accumulated LC3II protein was cleared faster in PIK3C3 transgenic (PFCs) thanWT (PFCs). In conclusion, PIK3C3 overexpression promoted autophagy in the liver and associated molecular mechanisms related to the activation of ULK1, AMBR1, DRAM1, and MTOR, causing liver damage in pigs. Therefore, the construction of PIK3C3 transgenic pigs may provide a new experimental animal resource for liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sami Ullah Khan
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fengchong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Di Zou
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kaixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Deling Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenmin Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yubo Qing
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Muhammad Ameen Jamal
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Popelka H, Uversky VN. Theater in the Self-Cleaning Cell: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins or Protein Regions Acting with Membranes in Autophagy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:457. [PMID: 35629783 PMCID: PMC9143426 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDPRs) are mainly involved in signaling pathways, where fast regulation, temporal interactions, promiscuous interactions, and assemblies of structurally diverse components including membranes are essential. The autophagy pathway builds, de novo, a membrane organelle, the autophagosome, using carefully orchestrated interactions between proteins and lipid bilayers. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms related to the protein disorder-based interactions of the autophagy machinery with membranes. We describe not only membrane binding phenomenon, but also examples of membrane remodeling processes including membrane tethering, bending, curvature sensing, and/or fragmentation of membrane organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, which is an important membrane source as well as cargo for autophagy. Summary of the current state of knowledge presented here will hopefully inspire new studies. A profound understanding of the autophagic protein-membrane interface is essential for advancements in therapeutic interventions against major human diseases, in which autophagy is involved including neurodegeneration, cancer as well as cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious, musculoskeletal, and other disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Popelka
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Wu T, Jia X, Zhu Z, Guo K, Wang Q, Gao Z, Li X, Huang Y, Wu D. Inhibition of miR-130b-3p restores autophagy and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration through mediating ATG14 and PRKAA1. Apoptosis 2022; 27:409-425. [PMID: 35435532 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced autophagy dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) not only have been regarded as important regulators of IVDD but also reported to be related to autophagy. This research was aimed to explore the role of miR-130b-3p in IVDD and its regulation on autophagy mechanism. The miR-130b-3p expression in the patient's degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) samples and rat NP tissues was detected by qRT-PCR and FISH assay. The miR-130b-3p was knocked down or overexpressed in the human NP cells by lentivirus transfection. TBHP was used to induce oxidative stress in the human NP cells. Apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy were evaluated by flow cytometry, β-gal staining, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and Western blot in the miR-130b-3p knocked down human NP cells under TBHP treatment. The relationship between the miR-130b-3p and ATG14 or PRKAA1 was confirmed by luciferase assay. The siRNA transfection was used to knock down the ATG14 and PRKAA1 expression, and then the human NP cells functions were further determined. In the in vivo experiment, the IVDD rat model was constructed and an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-miR-130b-3p inhibitor was intradiscally injected. After that, MRI and histological staining were conducted to evaluate the role of miR-130b-3p inhibition in the IVDD rat model. We found that the miR-130b-3p was upregulated in the degenerative NP samples from humans and rats. Interestingly, the inhibition of miR-130b-3p rescued oxidative stress-induced dysfunction of the human NP cells, and miR-130b-3p inhibition upregulated autophagy. Mechanistically, we confirmed that the miR-130b-3p regulated the ATG14 and PRKAA1 directly and the knockdown of the ATG14 or PRKAA1 as well as the treatment of autophagy inhibitor blockaded the autophagic flux and reversed the protective effects of miR-130b-3p inhibition in the TBHP-induced human NP cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of the miR-130b-3p via AAV- miR-130b-3p injection ameliorated the IVDD in a rat model. These data demonstrated that the miR-130b-3p inhibition could upregulate the autophagic flux and alleviate the IVDD via targeting ATG14 and PRKAA1.The translational potential of this article: The suppression of miR-130b-3p may become an effective therapeutic strategy for IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongde Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Pudong District, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuebing Jia
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Pudong District, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Pudong District, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Pudong District, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Pudong District, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Pudong District, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Pudong District, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Sun HQ, Chen Y, Hedde PN, Mueller J, Albanesi JP, Yin H. PI4P-Dependent Targeting of ATG14 to Mature Autophagosomes. Biochemistry 2022; 61:722-729. [PMID: 35380781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of autophagosomal cargo requires the tethering and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes that is mediated by the scaffolding protein autophagy related 14 (ATG14). Here, we report that phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase 2A (PI4K2A) generates a pool of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) that facilitates the recruitment of ATG14 to mature autophagosomes. We also show that PI4K2A binds to ATG14, suggesting that PI4P may be synthesized in situ in the vicinity of ATG14. Impaired targeting of ATG14 to autophagosomes in PI4K2A-depleted cells is rescued by the introduction of PI4P but not its downstream product phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). Thus, PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 have independent functions in late-stage autophagy. These results provide a mechanism to explain prior studies indicating that PI4K2A and its product PI4P are necessary for autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qiao Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States.,Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joachim Mueller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph P Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Helen Yin
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Gundelfinger ED, Karpova A, Pielot R, Garner CC, Kreutz MR. Organization of Presynaptic Autophagy-Related Processes. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:829354. [PMID: 35368245 PMCID: PMC8968026 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.829354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain synapses pose special challenges on the quality control of their protein machineries as they are far away from the neuronal soma, display a high potential for plastic adaptation and have a high energy demand to fulfill their physiological tasks. This applies in particular to the presynaptic part where neurotransmitter is released from synaptic vesicles, which in turn have to be recycled and refilled in a complex membrane trafficking cycle. Pathways to remove outdated and damaged proteins include the ubiquitin-proteasome system acting in the cytoplasm as well as membrane-associated endolysosomal and the autophagy systems. Here we focus on the latter systems and review what is known about the spatial organization of autophagy and endolysomal processes within the presynapse. We provide an inventory of which components of these degradative systems were found to be present in presynaptic boutons and where they might be anchored to the presynaptic apparatus. We identify three presynaptic structures reported to interact with known constituents of membrane-based protein-degradation pathways and therefore may serve as docking stations. These are (i) scaffolding proteins of the cytomatrix at the active zone, such as Bassoon or Clarinet, (ii) the endocytic machinery localized mainly at the peri-active zone, and (iii) synaptic vesicles. Finally, we sketch scenarios, how presynaptic autophagic cargos are tagged and recruited and which cellular mechanisms may govern membrane-associated protein turnover in the presynapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eckart D. Gundelfinger
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pielot
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Craig C. Garner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael R. Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Targeting the endo-lysosomal autophagy pathway to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. J Autoimmun 2022; 128:102814. [PMID: 35298976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious public health problem in Western society with a continuing increase in incidence worldwide. Safe, targeted medicines for IBD are not yet available. Autophagy, a vital process implicated in normal cell homeostasis, provides a potential point of entry for the treatment of IBDs, as several autophagy-related genes are associated with IBD risk. We conducted a series of experiments in three distinct mouse models of colitis to test the effectiveness of therapeutic P140, a phosphopeptide that corrects autophagy dysfunctions in other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Colitis was experimentally induced in mice by administering dextran sodium sulfate and 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Transgenic mice lacking both il-10 and iRhom2 - involved in tumor necrosis factor α secretion - were also used. In the three models investigated, P140 treatment attenuated the clinical and histological severity of colitis. Post-treatment, altered expression of several macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy markers, and of pro-inflammatory mediators was corrected. Our results demonstrate that therapeutic intervention with an autophagy modulator improves colitis in animal models. These findings highlight the potential of therapeutic peptide P140 for use in the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
|
116
|
Luo Z, Gao Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Zhang J, Xu W, Xu J. Microbe-derived antioxidants attenuate cobalt chloride-induced mitochondrial function, autophagy and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy pathways in BRL3A cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113219. [PMID: 35104775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental excessive cobalt (Co) exposure increases risks of public health. This study aimed to evaluate the potential mechanism of microbe-derived antioxidants (MA) blend fermented by probiotics in attenuating cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced toxicology in buffalo rat liver (BRL3A) cells. Herein, results showed that some phenolic acids increased in MA compared with the samples before fermentation through UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. Also, the contents of essential and non-essential amino acids, their derivatives and minerals were rich in MA. The DPPH, O2-, OH- and ABTS+ scavenging ability of MA is comparable to those of vitamin C and better than mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ). In vitro cell experiments showed that CoCl2 treatment increased the percentage of apoptosis cells, lactate dehydrogenase and genes involved in glycolysis, increased ATP production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased genes involved in canonical autophagy process (including initiation, autophagosomes maturation and fusion with lysosome) and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy pathways in BRL3A cells, while MA attenuated CoCl2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, mitochondrial protein expression and dysfunction, and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy. Collectively, these results provide insights into the role of MA in reversing CoCl2-induced toxicology in BRL3A cells, providing the promising constituents for decreasing Co-induced toxicology in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingying Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongcai Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yitian Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shujie Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weina Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Sirasanagandla SR, Sofin RS, Al-Huseini I, Das S. Role of Bisphenol A in Autophagy Modulation: Understanding the Molecular Concepts and Therapeutic Options. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2213-2223. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220214094055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Bisphenol A (4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol) is an organic compound, commonly used in the plastic bottles, packaging containers, beverages and resin industry. The adverse effects of bisphenol A were studied in various systems of the body. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process meant for the regeneration of new cells. The role of bisphenol A on autophagy modulation in the pathogenesis of diseases is still debatable. Few research studies showed that bisphenol A-induced adverse effects were associated with autophagy dysregulation, while few showed the activation of autophagy by bisphenol A. Such contrasting views make the subject more interesting and debatable. In the present review, we discuss the different steps of autophagy, genes involved, and the effect of bisphenol A in autophagy modulation on different systems of the body. We also discuss the methods for monitoring autophagy and the roles of drugs such as chloroquine, verteporfin, and rapamycin in autophagy. Proper understanding of the role of bisphenol A in the modulation of autophagy may be important for future treatment and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman
| | - R.G. Sumesh Sofin
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman
| | - Isehaq Al-Huseini
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Zhang Y, Han X, Tang Y, Zhang J, Hu Z, Xu W, Yao P, Niu Q. Weakened interaction of ATG14 and the SNARE complex blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion contributes to fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113108. [PMID: 34953272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is capable of inducing developmental neurotoxicity, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We aimed to explore the role of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in developmental fluoride neurotoxicity, particularly focusing on the interaction between ATG14 and the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. We developed in vivo models of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) from the pregnancy of parental rats until the offspring were two months old and in vitro models of NaF and/or Ad-ATG14-treated SH-SY5Y cells. We assessed neurobehavioral changes in offspring and further investigated the effects of NaF exposure on autophagic flux, apoptosis, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and the interaction between ATG14 and the SNARE complex. NaF exposure impaired offspring learning and memory capabilities and induced the accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagic flux blockage and apoptosis, as indicated by increased LC3-II, p62, and cleaved-caspase-3 expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, NaF treatment downregulated the protein expression of ATG14 and the SNARE complex and induced autophagosome-lysosome fusion blockage as evidenced by decreased ATG14, STX17, SNAP29, and VAMP8 expression and diminished colocalization of autophagosomes and lysosomes in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, ATG14 upregulation enhanced the interaction of ATG14 and the SNARE complex to facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion, thereby restoring autophagic flux and alleviating NaF-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, NaF exhibited developmental neurotoxicity by restraining the interaction of ATG14 with the SNARE complex and hindering autophagosome-lysosome fusion, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of fluoride neurotoxicity. Notably, ATG14 upregulation protects against developmental fluoride neurotoxicity, and ATG14 may serve as a promising biomarker for further epidemiological investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjing Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Chang KC, Liu PF, Chang CH, Lin YC, Chen YJ, Shu CW. The interplay of autophagy and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and therapy of retinal degenerative diseases. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:1. [PMID: 34980273 PMCID: PMC8725349 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is mainly caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is highly associated with normal physiological homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases, particularly ocular diseases. Autophagy is a self-clearance pathway that removes oxidized cellular components and regulates cellular ROS levels. ROS can modulate autophagy activity through transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. Autophagy further triggers transcription factor activation and degrades impaired organelles and proteins to eliminate excessive ROS in cells. Thus, autophagy may play an antioxidant role in protecting ocular cells from oxidative stress. Nevertheless, excessive autophagy may cause autophagic cell death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of interaction between ROS and autophagy and their roles in the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and optic nerve atrophy, which are major causes of blindness. The autophagy modulators used to treat ocular diseases are further discussed. The findings of the studies reviewed here might shed light on the development and use of autophagy modulators for the future treatment of ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurobiology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Rajabi F, Abdollahimajd F, Jabalameli N, Nassiri Kashani M, Firooz A. The Immunogenetics of Alopecia areata. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:19-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
121
|
Wang L, Qiang T, Ren L, Cheng F, Hu W, Qu R. Observation of macrophage autophagy in the healing of diabetic ulcers via a lysosome-targeting polarity-specific two-photon probe. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3654-3661. [PMID: 35425343 PMCID: PMC8979232 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08417h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a disease with high incidence, mutilation, and fatality rates, diabetic ulcers (DUs) have become a difficult and complicated disease of widely concern in recent years due to the unclear healing mechanism. The main reason for the delayed healing in DU patients is the unduly long chronic inflammation window, and the polarization state of macrophages plays a key role in this process. Since autophagy is believed to be closely related to the polarization trend of macrophages, recent studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the healing of DU. To this end, a lysosome-targeting polarity-sensitive probe, XZTU-VIS, was developed to monitor the changes in lysosomal polarity, thereby assessing the autophagy of macrophages in mice suffering from DU. The experimental results showed that under two-photon fluorescence microscopy, the green channel fluorescence signal of XZTU-VIS decreased significantly during autophagy. In the meantime, DU models established using BV-2 cells and mice showed a process that could cause inflammation and the release of ROS, thereby inducing autophagy. A polarity-dependent two-photon fluorescent probe for evaluation of autophagy in the process of diabetic mouse skin ulcer-induced inflammation was constructed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Taotao Qiang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Longfang Ren
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Renyu Qu
- Jiangsu Sevencontinent Green Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Xue L, Jia T, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Mao J. Down-regulation of circ_0058058 suppresses proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis in multiple myeloma through miR-338-3p/ATG14 pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:723. [PMID: 34930344 PMCID: PMC8686392 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most frequently diagnosed hematological malignancy. Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has important impacts on MM process. Herein, this work aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_0058058 in MM progression. Methods Levels of genes and proteins were detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, tube formation assay, transwell assay and Western blot were utilized to detect the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis of MM cells. The target relationship between miR-338-3p and circ_0058058 or ATG14 (autophagy related 14) was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In vivo experiments were performed using Xenograft assay. Results Circ_0058058 was up-regulated in MM bone marrow aspirates and cells, knockdown of circ_0058058 reduced MM cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis, but induced apoptosis in vitro. In a MM xenograft mouse model, circ_0058058 silencing reduced MM tumor growth and cell proliferation. Mechanistically, circ_0058058 acted as a sponge for miR-338-3p to up-regulate ATG14 expression, which was validated to be a target of miR-338-3p. Rescue assay showed that miR-338-3p inhibition reversed the antitumor effects of circ_0058058 knockdown on MM cell. Moreover, forced expression of miR-338-3p suppressed MM cell malignant phenotype, which was abolished by ATG14 up-regulation. Conclusion Circ_0058058 functions as a sponge for miR-338-3p to elevate ATG14 expression to promote MM cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, affording a potential therapeutic target for MM prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Xue
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 182 Tongguan North Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, 222002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 182 Tongguan North Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, 222002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 182 Tongguan North Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, 222002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lidong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 182 Tongguan North Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, 222002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianping Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 182 Tongguan North Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, 222002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Kim ML, Hardy MY, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Ramarathinam SH, Chung SZ, Russell AK, Currie I, Sleebs BE, Purcell AW, Tye-Din JA, Wicks IP. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits the mitochondrial antioxidant system in activated T cells. iScience 2021; 24:103509. [PMID: 34934928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has long been used to treat autoimmune diseases, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. In CD4 T-cells, we found that a clinically relevant concentration of HCQ inhibited the mitochondrial antioxidant system triggered by TCR crosslinking, leading to increased mitochondrial superoxide, impaired activation-induced autophagic flux, and reduced proliferation of CD4 T-cells. In antigen-presenting cells, HCQ also reduced constitutive activation of the endo-lysosomal protease legumain and toll-like receptor 9, thereby reducing cytokine production, but it had little apparent impact on constitutive antigen processing and peptide presentation. HCQ's effects did not require endo-lysosomal pH change, nor impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We explored the clinical relevance of these findings in patients with celiac disease-a prototypic CD4 T-cell-mediated disease-and found that HCQ limits ex vivo antigen-specific T cell responses. We report a T-cell-intrinsic immunomodulatory effect from HCQ and suggest potential re-purposing of HCQ for celiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Lyang Kim
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melinda Y Hardy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sri H Ramarathinam
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shan Zou Chung
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Amy K Russell
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Iain Currie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Gastroenterology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Shi Y, Ye Z, Lu G, Yang N, Zhang J, Wang L, Cui J, Del Pozo MA, Wu Y, Xia D, Shen HM. Cholesterol-enriched membrane micro-domaindeficiency induces doxorubicin resistancevia promoting autophagy in breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:311-329. [PMID: 34786475 PMCID: PMC8573103 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has become one of the largest challenges for cancer chemotherapies. Under certain conditions, cancer cells hijack autophagy to cope with therapeutic stress, which largely undermines the chemo-therapeutic efficacy. Currently, biomarkers indicative of autophagy-derived drug resistance remain largely inclusive. Here, we report a novel role of lipid rafts/cholesterol-enriched membrane micro-domains (CEMMs) in autophagosome biogenesis and doxorubicin resistance in breast tumors. We showed that CEMMs are required for the interaction of VAMP3 with syntaxin 6 (STX6, a cholesterol-binding SNARE protein). Upon disruption of CEMM, VAMP3 is released from STX6, resulting in the trafficking of ATG16L1-containing vesicles to recycling endosomes and subsequent autophagosome biogenesis. Furthermore, we found that CEMM marker CAV1 is decreased in breast cancer patients and that the CEMM deficiency-induced autophagy is related to doxorubicin resistance, which is overcome by autophagy inhibition. Taken together, we propose a novel model whereby CEMMs in recycling endosomes support the VAMP3 and STX6 interaction and function as barriers to limit the activity of VAMP3 in autophagic vesicle fusion, thus CEMM deficiency promotes autophagosome biogenesis and doxorubicin resistance in breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zu Ye
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Naidi Yang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211800, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Zhou S, Wang X, Ding J, Yang H, Xie Y. Increased ATG5 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes EMT in Cervical Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:757184. [PMID: 34901004 PMCID: PMC8655861 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.757184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer has the second-highest incidence and mortality of female malignancy. The major causes of mortality in patients with cervical cancer are invasion and metastasis. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays a major role in the acquisition of metastatic potential and motility. Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) are implicated in the EMT process, and autophagy exerts a dual function in EMT management at different phases of tumor progression. However, the role of specific ARGs during the EMT process has not yet been reported in cervical cancer. Based on the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) sequencing database, we performed the prognosis analysis for those ARGs obtained from the Human Autophagy database. ATG5 was identified as the only important harmful marker influencing survival of cervical cancer patients by univariate Cox regression (HR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.8, p = 0.047), and the 5-years survival rate for the high- and low-ATG5 expression groups was 0.486 (0.375–0.631) and 0.782 (0.708–0.863), respectively. TCGA CESC methylation data showed that eight methylation sites of ATG5 could also be significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of cervical cancer patients. Single-sample gene-set enrichment and gene functional enrichment results showed that ATG5 was correlated with some cancer-related pathways, such as phagocytosis-related genes, endocytosis-related genes, immune-related genes, EMT score, and some EMT signature-related genes. Next, cell migration and invasion assay and Western blot were applied to detect the function of ATG5 in EMT of cervical cancer. In cervical cancer cells, ATG5 knockdown resulted in attenuation of migration and invasion. The functional study showed that knockdown of ATG5 could reverse EMT process by P-ERK, P-NFκBp65, P-mTOR pathways, and so on. In conclusion, the present study implies that ATG5 was a major contributor to EMT regulation and poor prognosis in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suna Zhou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xuequan Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jiapei Ding
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Youyou Xie
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Ke PY. Autophagy and antiviral defense. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:317-338. [PMID: 34859938 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting intracellular components for lysosomal degradation by autophagy not only maintains cellular homeostasis but also counteracts the effects of external stimuli, including invading pathogens. Among various kinds of pathogens, viruses have been extensively shown to induce autophagy to benefit viral growth in infected cells and to modulate host defense responses, such as innate antiviral immunity. Recently, numerous lines of evidence have implied that virus-induced autophagy triggers multilayer mechanisms to regulate the innate antiviral response of host cells, thus promoting a balance in virus-host cell interactions. In this review, the detailed mechanisms underlying autophagy and the innate antiviral immune response are first described. Then, I summarize the current information regarding the diverse functional role(s) of autophagy in the control of antiviral defenses against different types of viral infections. Moreover, the physiological significance of autophagy-regulated antiviral responses on the viral life cycle and the potential autophagy alterations induced by virus-associated antiviral signaling is further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
A perspective on the role of autophagy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166262. [PMID: 34481059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a ubiquitous set of catabolic pathways required to achieve proper cellular homeostasis. Aberrant autophagy has been implicated in a multitude of diseases including cancer. In this review, we highlight pioneering and groundbreaking research that centers on delineating the role of autophagy in cancer initiation, proliferation and metastasis. First, we discuss the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and their respective roles in the de novo formation of autophagosomes and the subsequent delivery of cargo to the lysosome for recycling. Next, we touch upon the history of cancer research that centers upon ATG proteins and regulatory mechanisms that control an appropriate autophagic response and how these are altered in the diseased state. Then, we discuss the various discoveries that led to the idea of autophagy as a double-edged sword when it comes to cancer therapy. This review also briefly narrates how different types of autophagy-selective macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, have been linked to different cancers. Overall, these studies build upon a steadfast trajectory that aims to solve the monumentally daunting challenge of finding a cure for many types of cancer by modulating autophagy either through inhibition or induction.
Collapse
|
128
|
Vesela B, Svandova E, Ramesova A, Kratochvilova A, Tucker AS, Matalova E. Caspase Inhibition Affects the Expression of Autophagy-Related Molecules in Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2021; 13:956S-968S. [PMID: 32627581 PMCID: PMC8804809 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520938444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Caspases, cysteine proteases traditionally associated with apoptosis and inflammation, have recently been identified as important regulators of autophagy and reported within the growth plate, a cartilaginous part of the developing bone. The aim of this research was to identify novel autophagy-related molecules affected by inhibition of pro-apoptotic caspases in chondrocytes. Design. Chondrocyte micromasses derived from mouse limb buds were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of caspases. Autophagy-related gene expression was examined and possible novel molecules were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytofluorescence. Individual caspases inhibitors were used to identify the effect of specific caspases. Results. Chondrogenesis accompanied by caspase activation and autophagy progression was confirmed in micromass cultures. Expression of several autophagy-associated genes was significantly altered in the caspases inhibitors treated groups with the most prominent decrease for Pik3cg and increase of Tnfsf10. The results showed the specific pro-apoptotic caspases that play a role in these effects. Importantly, use of caspase inhibitors mimicked changes triggered by an autophagy stimulator, rapamycin, linking loss of caspase activity to an increase in autophagy. Conclusion. Caspase inhibition significantly affects regulation of autophagy-related genes in chondrocytes cultures. Detected markers are of importance in diagnostics and thus the data presented here open new perspectives in the field of cartilage development and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Barbora Vesela, Institute of Animal
Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Veveri 97, Brno
60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Ramesova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Kratochvilova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative
Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Kumar S, Javed R, Mudd M, Pallikkuth S, Lidke KA, Jain A, Tangavelou K, Gudmundsson SR, Ye C, Rusten TE, Anonsen JH, Lystad AH, Claude-Taupin A, Simonsen A, Salemi M, Phinney B, Li J, Guo LW, Bradfute SB, Timmins GS, Eskelinen EL, Deretic V. Mammalian hybrid pre-autophagosomal structure HyPAS generates autophagosomes. Cell 2021; 184:5950-5969.e22. [PMID: 34741801 PMCID: PMC8616855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biogenesis of mammalian autophagosomes remains to be fully defined. Here, we used cellular and in vitro membrane fusion analyses to show that autophagosomes are formed from a hitherto unappreciated hybrid membrane compartment. The autophagic precursors emerge through fusion of FIP200 vesicles, derived from the cis-Golgi, with endosomally derived ATG16L1 membranes to generate a hybrid pre-autophagosomal structure, HyPAS. A previously unrecognized apparatus defined here controls HyPAS biogenesis and mammalian autophagosomal precursor membranes. HyPAS can be modulated by pharmacological agents whereas its formation is inhibited upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or by expression of SARS-CoV-2 nsp6. These findings reveal the origin of mammalian autophagosomal membranes, which emerge via convergence of secretory and endosomal pathways, and show that this process is targeted by microbial factors such as coronaviral membrane-modulating proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sandeep Pallikkuth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ashish Jain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karthikeyan Tangavelou
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Chunyan Ye
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Graham S Timmins
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Saikia N, Yanez-Orozco IS, Qiu R, Hao P, Milikisiyants S, Ou E, Hamilton GL, Weninger KR, Smirnova TI, Sanabria H, Ding F. Integrative structural dynamics probing of the conformational heterogeneity in synaptosomal-associated protein 25. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2021; 2:100616. [PMID: 34888535 PMCID: PMC8654206 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa) is a prototypical intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that is unstructured by itself but forms coiled-coil helices in the SNARE complex. With high conformational heterogeneity, detailed structural dynamics of unbound SNAP-25 remain elusive. Here, we report an integrative method to probe the structural dynamics of SNAP-25 by combining replica-exchange discrete molecular dynamics (rxDMD) simulations and label-based experiments at ensemble and single-molecule levels. The rxDMD simulations systematically characterize the coil-to-molten globular transition and reconstruct structural ensemble consistent with prior ensemble experiments. Label-based experiments using Förster resonance energy transfer and double electron-electron resonance further probe the conformational dynamics of SNAP-25. Agreements between simulations and experiments under both ensemble and single-molecule conditions allow us to assign specific helix-coil transitions in SNAP-25 that occur in submillisecond timescales and potentially play a vital role in forming the SNARE complex. We expect that this integrative approach may help further our understanding of IDPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Saikia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Navajo Technical University, Chinle, AZ 86503, USA
| | | | - Ruoyi Qiu
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Pengyu Hao
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Erkang Ou
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - George L. Hamilton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Keith R. Weninger
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Tatyana I. Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hugo Sanabria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Huang H, Ouyang Q, Zhu M, Yu H, Mei K, Liu R. mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of VAMP8 and SCFD1 regulates autophagosome maturation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6622. [PMID: 34785650 PMCID: PMC8595342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) has been shown to regulate autophagy at different steps. However, how mTORC1 regulates the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive protein receptor (SNARE) complex remains elusive. Here we show that mTORC1 inhibits formation of the SNARE complex (STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8) by phosphorylating VAMP8, thereby blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion. A VAMP8 phosphorylation mimic mutant is unable to promote autophagosome-lysosome fusion in vitro. Furthermore, we identify SCFD1, a Sec1/Munc18-like protein, that localizes to the autolysosome and is required for SNARE complex formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. VAMP8 promotes SCFD1 recruitment to autolysosomes when dephosphorylated. Consistently, phosphorylated VAMP8 or SCFD1 depletion inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and expression of phosphomimic VAMP8 leads to increased lipid droplet accumulation when expressed in mouse liver. Thus, our study supports that mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of VAMP8 blocks SCFD1 recruitment, thereby inhibiting STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 complex formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy relies on coordinated fusion of organelle membranes, although the interplay between the regulatory machinery is not well studied. Here, the authors show that SNARE complex formation is inhibited by mTORC1 phosphorylation of VAMP8, which prevents autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinqin Ouyang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Non-canonical roles of autophagy proteins in endocytosis and exocytosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2841-2851. [PMID: 34783341 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, the pathways that degrade cytoplasmic constituents in lysosomes, contribute to most biological processes from aging and neurodegeneration to pathogen restriction and immunity. In recent years, it was realized that the autophagy machinery serves additional functions, primarily in endo- and exocytosis. In this review, I summarize recent advances in our understanding on how these non-canonical functions differ from canonical macroautophagy, and contribute to immune activation and viral replication. Understanding these pathways will allow us to harness them for the treatment of human diseases, as well as appreciate how cells use modules of membrane remodeling and trafficking for multiple biological functions.
Collapse
|
133
|
Kato S, Arasaki K, Tokutomi N, Imai Y, Inoshita T, Hattori N, Sasaki T, Sato M, Wakana Y, Inoue H, Tagaya M. Syntaxin 17, an ancient SNARE paralog, plays different and conserved roles in different organisms. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272626. [PMID: 34704591 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian syntaxin 17 (Stx17) has several roles in processes other than membrane fusion, including in mitochondrial division, autophagosome formation and lipid droplet expansion. In contrast to conventional syntaxins, Stx17 has a long C-terminal hydrophobic region with a hairpin-like structure flanked by a basic amino acid-enriched C-terminal tail. Although Stx17 is one of the six ancient SNAREs and is present in diverse eukaryotic organisms, it has been lost in multiple lineages during evolution. In the present study, we compared the localization and function of fly and nematode Stx17s expressed in HeLa cells with those of human Stx17. We found that fly Stx17 predominantly localizes to the cytosol and mediates autophagy, but not mitochondrial division. Nematode Stx17, on the other hand, is predominantly present in mitochondria and facilitates mitochondrial division, but is irrelevant to autophagy. These differences are likely due to different structures in the C-terminal tail. Non-participation of fly Stx17 and nematode Stx17 in mitochondrial division and autophagy, respectively, was demonstrated in individual organisms. Our results provide an insight into the evolution of Stx17 in metazoa. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kato
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tokutomi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoshita
- Department of Neurodegenerative and Demented Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurodegenerative and Demented Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taeko Sasaki
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sato
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakana
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tagaya
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Cancer Formation and Progression Is a Real Opportunity to Treat and Cure Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225622. [PMID: 34830777 PMCID: PMC8616104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The modulation of autophagy represents a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. More than one hundred clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing to explore the efficacy of autophagy modulators to reduce the tumor growth and potentiate the anti-cancer effects of conventional therapy. Despite this, the effective role of autophagy during tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis remains not well understood. Depending on the cancer type and stage of cancer, autophagy may have tumor suppressor properties as well as help cancer cells to proliferate and evade cancer therapy. The current review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the autophagy implications in cancer and report the therapeutic opportunities based on the modulation of the autophagy process. Abstract The malignant transformation of a cell produces the accumulation of several cellular adaptions. These changes determine variations in biological processes that are necessary for a cancerous cell to survive during stressful conditions. Autophagy is the main nutrient recycling and metabolic adaptor mechanism in eukaryotic cells, represents a continuous source of energy and biomolecules, and is fundamental to preserve the correct cellular homeostasis during unfavorable conditions. In recent decades, several findings demonstrate a close relationship between autophagy, malignant transformation, and cancer progression. The evidence suggests that autophagy in the cancer context has a bipolar role (it may act as a tumor suppressor and as a mechanism of cell survival for established tumors) and demonstrates that the targeting of autophagy may represent novel therapeutic opportunities. Accordingly, the modulation of autophagy has important clinical benefits in patients affected by diverse cancer types. Currently, about 30 clinical trials are actively investigating the efficacy of autophagy modulators to enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways regulating autophagy in the cancer context will provide new ways to target autophagy for improving the therapeutic benefits. Herein, we describe how autophagy participates during malignant transformation and cancer progression, and we report the ultimate efforts to translate this knowledge into specific therapeutic approaches to treat and cure human cancers.
Collapse
|
135
|
The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111651. [PMID: 34829881 PMCID: PMC8615641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a process of cellular self-digestion, delivers intracellular components including superfluous and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling and is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. In recent decades, autophagy has been found to help fight against a variety of human diseases, but, at the same time, autophagy can also promote the procession of certain pathologies, which makes the connection between autophagy and diseases complex but interesting. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the roles of autophagy in human diseases and the therapeutic methods targeting autophagy and discuss some of the remaining questions in this field, focusing on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
136
|
Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111427. [PMID: 34768858 PMCID: PMC8592284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional amino acids provide great potential for treating autophagy-related diseases by regulating autophagy. The purpose of the autophagy process is to remove unwanted cellular contents and to recycle nutrients, which is controlled by many factors. Disordered autophagy has been reported to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and obesity. Autophagy cannot be directly controlled and dynamic amino acid levels are sufficient to regulate autophagy. To date, arginine, leucine, glutamine, and methionine are widely reported functional amino acids that regulate autophagy. As a signal relay station, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) turns various amino acid signals into autophagy signaling pathways for functional amino acids. Deficiency or supplementation of functional amino acids can immediately regulate autophagy and is associated with autophagy-related disease. This review summarizes the mechanisms currently involved in autophagy and amino acid sensing, diverse signal transduction among functional amino acids and autophagy, and the therapeutic appeal of amino acids to autophagy-related diseases. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of amino acid regulation of autophagy and the role of functional amino acids in clinical autophagy-related diseases and to further convert these mechanisms into feasible therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
137
|
Sriram N, Sah MK. Regulatory insights into progression of cancer and Alzheimer's disorder from autophagy perspective. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8227-8232. [PMID: 34665401 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular physiological process which degrades the cytoplasmic debris and also helps in maintaining the cellular homeostasis. Due to gene mutations regulating this, the susceptibility to Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease increases. The mechanism of impairment in the expression of the genes involved in autophagy is context dependent. Autophagy initially acts as a cytoprotective process, but when the disease progresses, it gets into cytotoxic effect. Hence, it is very difficult to design a therapeutic strategy as the switching point where the cytoprotective nature changes into a cytotoxic one is difficult to figure out. The present insight into the interplay of regulatory events and factors responsible for the progression of cancer and Alzheimer's disorder involved with autophagy may pave a way for more promising strategy for therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navneeth Sriram
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, G.T. Road, Amritsar Bye-Pass, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Sah
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, G.T. Road, Amritsar Bye-Pass, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Chen Q, Hao M, Wang L, Li L, Chen Y, Shao X, Tian Z, Pfuetzner RA, Zhong Q, Brunger AT, Guan JL, Diao J. Prefused lysosomes cluster on autophagosomes regulated by VAMP8. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:939. [PMID: 34645799 PMCID: PMC8514493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome–autophagosome fusion is critical to autophagosome maturation. Although several proteins that regulate this fusion process have been identified, the prefusion architecture and its regulation remain unclear. Herein, we show that upon stimulation, multiple lysosomes form clusters around individual autophagosomes, setting the stage for membrane fusion. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein on lysosomes—vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8)—plays an important role in forming this prefusion state of lysosomal clusters. To study the potential role of phosphorylation on spontaneous fusion, we investigated the effect of phosphorylation of C-terminal residues of VAMP8. Using a phosphorylation mimic, we observed a decrease of fusion in an ensemble lipid mixing assay and an increase of unfused lysosomes associated with autophagosomes. These results suggest that phosphorylation not only reduces spontaneous fusion for minimizing autophagic flux under normal conditions, but also preassembles multiple lysosomes to increase the fusion probability for resuming autophagy upon stimulation. VAMP8 phosphorylation may thus play an important role in chemotherapy drug resistance by influencing autophagosome maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Linsen Li
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Xintian Shao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Richard A Pfuetzner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Axel T Brunger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Cattelani C, Lesiak D, Liebscher G, Singer II, Stasyk T, Wallnöfer MH, Heberle AM, Corti C, Hess MW, Pfaller K, Kwiatkowski M, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Thedieck K, Müller T, Huber LA, Eca Guimaraes de Araujo M. The SZT2 Interactome Unravels New Functions of the KICSTOR Complex. Cells 2021; 10:2711. [PMID: 34685691 PMCID: PMC8534408 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure threshold 2 (SZT2) is a component of the KICSTOR complex which, under catabolic conditions, functions as a negative regulator in the amino acid-sensing branch of mTORC1. Mutations in this gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy whose main symptoms include epilepsy, intellectual disability, and macrocephaly. As SZT2 remains one of the least characterized regulators of mTORC1, in this work we performed a systematic interactome analysis under catabolic and anabolic conditions. Besides numerous mTORC1 and AMPK signaling components, we identified clusters of proteins related to autophagy, ciliogenesis regulation, neurogenesis, and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, analysis of SZT2 ablated cells revealed increased mTORC1 signaling activation that could be reversed by Rapamycin or Torin treatments. Strikingly, SZT2 KO cells also exhibited higher levels of autophagic components, independent of the physiological conditions tested. These results are consistent with our interactome data, in which we detected an enriched pool of selective autophagy receptors/regulators. Moreover, preliminary analyses indicated that SZT2 alters ciliogenesis. Overall, the data presented form the basis to comprehensively investigate the physiological functions of SZT2 that could explain major molecular events in the pathophysiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in patients with SZT2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cattelani
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Dominik Lesiak
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Isabel I. Singer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Moritz H. Wallnöfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Alexander M. Heberle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corrado Corti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.W.H.); (K.P.)
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.W.H.); (K.P.)
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Eca Guimaraes de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Tian X, Teng J, Chen J. New insights regarding SNARE proteins in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy 2021; 17:2680-2688. [PMID: 32924745 PMCID: PMC8525925 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1823124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy refers to the engulfment of cellular contents selected for lysosomal degradation. The final step in autophagy is the fusion of autophagosome with the lysosome, which is mediated by SNARE proteins. Of the SNAREs, autophagosome-localized Q-SNAREs, such as STX17 and SNAP29, and lysosome-localized R-SNAREs, such as VAMP8 or VAMP7, have been reported to be involved. Recent studies also reveal participation of the R-SNARE, YKT6, in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. These SNAREs, with the help of other regulatory factors, act coordinately to spatiotemporally control the fusion process. Besides regulating autophagosome-lysosome fusion, some SNAREs, such as STX17, also function in other autophagic processes, including autophagosome formation and mitophagy. A better understanding of the functions of SNAREs will shed light on the molecular mechanisms of autophagosome-lysosome fusion as well as on the mechanisms by which autophagy is globally regulated.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; DNM1L: dynamin 1 like; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GABARAPL1: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PIK3R4: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; PLEKHM1: pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1; PRKN: PRKN RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RAB2A: RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family; RAB33B: RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family; RAB7A: RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family; RB1CC1: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RTN3: reticulon 3; RUBCNL: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SNAP29: synaptosomal associated protein 29; STX17: syntaxin 17; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VAMP7: vesicle associated membrane protein 7; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; YKT6: YKT6 v-SNARE homolog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Autophagy Dysregulation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacological Interventions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092497. [PMID: 34572148 PMCID: PMC8469825 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a frequent, potentially devastating complication of diabetes mellitus. Several factors are involved in its pathophysiology. At a cellular level, diabetic kidney disease is associated with many structural and functional alterations. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that transports intracytoplasmic components to lysosomes to preserve cellular function and homeostasis. Autophagy integrity is essential for cell homeostasis, its alteration can drive to cell damage or death. Diabetic kidney disease is associated with profound autophagy dysregulation. Autophagy rate and flux alterations were described in several models of diabetic kidney disease. Some of them are closely linked with disease progression and severity. Some antidiabetic agents have shown significant effects on autophagy. A few of them have also demonstrated to modify disease progression and improved outcomes in affected patients. Other drugs also target autophagy and are being explored for clinical use in patients with diabetic kidney disease. The modulation of autophagy could be relevant for the pharmacological treatment and prevention of this disease in the future. Therefore, this is an evolving area that requires further experimental and clinical research. Here we discuss the relationship between autophagy and Diabetic kidney disease and the potential value of autophagy modulation as a target for pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
|
142
|
Tang Q, Gao P, Arzberger T, Höllerhage M, Herms J, Höglinger G, Koeglsperger T. Alpha-Synuclein defects autophagy by impairing SNAP29-mediated autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:854. [PMID: 34535638 PMCID: PMC8448865 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the gradual appearance of neuronal protein aggregates termed Lewy bodies (LBs) that are comprised of vesicular membrane structures and dysmorphic organelles in conjunction with the protein alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn). Although the exact mechanism of neuronal aggregate formation and death remains elusive, recent research suggests α-Syn-mediated alterations in the lysosomal degradation of aggregated proteins and organelles - a process termed autophagy. Here, we used a combination of molecular biology and immunochemistry to investigate the effect of α-Syn on autophagy turnover in cultured human DA neurons and in human post-mortem brain tissue. We found α-Syn overexpression to reduce autophagy turnover by compromising the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, thus leading to a decrease in the formation of autolysosomes. In accord with a compensatory increase in the plasma membrane fusion of autophagosomes, α-Syn enhanced the number of extracellular vesicles (EV) and the abundance of autophagy-associated proteins in these EVs. Mechanistically, α-Syn decreased the abundance of the v-SNARE protein SNAP29, a member of the SNARE complex mediating autophagolysosome fusion. In line, SNAP29 knockdown mimicked the effect of α-Syn on autophagy whereas SNAP29 co-expression reversed the α-Syn-induced changes on autophagy turnover and EV release and ameliorated DA neuronal cell death. In accord with our results from cultured neurons, we found a stage-dependent reduction of SNAP29 in SNc DA neurons from human post-mortem brain tissue of Lewy body pathology (LBP) cases. In summary, our results thus demonstrate a previously unknown effect of α-Syn on intracellular autophagy-associated SNARE proteins and, as a consequence, a reduced autolysosome fusion. As such, our findings will therefore support the investigation of autophagy-associated pathological changes in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Tang
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Department of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Pan Gao
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Department of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCentre of Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig, Maximilian University, Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Höllerhage
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Department of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCentre of Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig, Maximilian University, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Department of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Vieira PH, Benjamim CF, Atella G, Ramos I. VPS38/UVRAG and ATG14, the variant regulatory subunits of the ATG6/Beclin1-PI3K complexes, are crucial for the biogenesis of the yolk organelles and are transcriptionally regulated in the oocytes of the vector Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009760. [PMID: 34492013 PMCID: PMC8448300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects the reserve proteins are stored in the oocytes into endocytic-originated vesicles named yolk organelles. VPS38/UVRAG and ATG14 are the variant regulatory subunits of two class-III ATG6/Beclin1 PI3K complexes that regulate the recruitment of the endocytic (complex II) and autophagic (complex I) machineries. In a previous work from our group, we found that the silencing of ATG6/Beclin1 resulted in the formation of yolk-deficient oocytes due to defects in the endocytosis of the yolk proteins. Because ATG6/Beclin1 is present in the two above-described PI3K complexes, we could not identify the contributions of each complex to the yolk defective phenotypes. To address this, here we investigated the role of the variant subunits VPS38/UVRAG (complex II, endocytosis) and ATG14 (complex I, autophagy) in the biogenesis of the yolk organelles in the insect vector of Chagas Disease Rhodnius prolixus. Interestingly, the silencing of both genes phenocopied the silencing of ATG6/Beclin1, generating 1) accumulation of yolk proteins in the hemolymph; 2) white, smaller, and yolk-deficient oocytes; 3) abnormal yolk organelles in the oocyte cortex; and 4) unviable F1 embryos. However, we found that the similar phenotypes were the result of a specific cross-silencing effect among the PI3K subunits where the silencing of VPS38/UVRAG and ATG6/Beclin1 resulted in the specific silencing of each other, whereas the silencing of ATG14 triggered the silencing of all three PI3K components. Because the silencing of VPS38/UVRAG and ATG6/Beclin1 reproduced the yolk-deficiency phenotypes without the cross silencing of ATG14, we concluded that the VPS38/UVRAG PI3K complex II was the major contributor to the previously observed phenotypes in silenced insects. Altogether, we found that class-III ATG6/Beclin1 PI3K complex II (VPS38/UVRAG) is essential for the yolk endocytosis and that the subunits of both complexes are under an unknown transcriptional regulatory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila H Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia F Benjamim
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Atella
- Laboratório de de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM/CNPq. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM/CNPq. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Calderon-Dominguez M, Mangas A, Belmonte T, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Toro R. Fisiopatología de la miocardiopatía dilatada isquémica a través del microRNA-16-5p. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
145
|
Papandreou ME, Tavernarakis N. Selective Autophagy as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Age-Associated Pathologies. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090588. [PMID: 34564405 PMCID: PMC8472713 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of damaged cellular constituents contributes to age-related diseases. Autophagy is the main catabolic process, which recycles cellular material in a multitude of tissues and organs. Autophagy is activated upon nutrient deprivation, and oncogenic, heat or oxidative stress-induced stimuli to selectively degrade cell constituents and compartments. Specificity and accuracy of the autophagic process is maintained via the precision of interaction of autophagy receptors or adaptors and substrates by the intricate, stepwise orchestration of specialized integrating stimuli. Polymorphisms in genes regulating selective autophagy have been linked to aging and age-associated disorders. The involvement of autophagy perturbations in aging and disease indicates that pharmacological agents balancing autophagic flux may be beneficial, in these contexts. Here, we introduce the modes and mechanisms of selective autophagy, and survey recent experimental evidence of dysfunctional autophagy triggering severe pathology. We further highlight identified pharmacological targets that hold potential for developing therapeutic interventions to alleviate cellular autophagic cargo burden and associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita-Elena Papandreou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
DeLiberty JM, Robb R, Gates CE, Bryant KL. Unraveling and targeting RAS-driven metabolic signaling for therapeutic gain. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 153:267-304. [PMID: 35101233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS mutations are among the most frequent oncogenic drivers observed in human cancers. With a lack of available treatment options, RAS-mutant cancers account for many of the deadliest cancers in the United States. Recent studies established that altered metabolic requirements are a hallmark of cancer, and many of these alterations are driven by aberrant RAS signaling. Specifically, RAS-driven cancers are characterized by upregulated glycolysis, the differential channeling of glycolytic intermediates, upregulated nutrient scavenging pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis, and altered glutamine utilization and mitochondrial function. This unique metabolic landscape promotes tumorigenesis, proliferation, survival in nutrient deficient environments and confers resistance to conventional cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Emerging work demonstrates how these dependencies can be therapeutically exploited in vitro and in vivo with many metabolic inhibitors currently in clinical trials. This review aims to outline the unique metabolic requirements induced by aberrant RAS signaling and how these altered dependencies present opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan Robb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire E Gates
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Xiang P, Mohamud Y, Luo H. SNAP47 Interacts with ATG14 to Promote VP1 Conjugation and CVB3 Propagation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082141. [PMID: 34440910 PMCID: PMC8394894 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), an enterovirus (EV) in the family of Picornaviridae, is a global human pathogen for which effective antiviral treatments and vaccines are lacking. Previous research demonstrated that EV-D68 downregulated the membrane fusion protein SNAP47 (synaptosome associated protein 47) and SNAP47 promoted EV-D68 replication via regulating autophagy. In the current study, we investigated the interplay between CVB3 and cellular SNAP47 using HEK293T/HeLa cell models. We showed that, upon CVB3 infection, protein levels of SNAP47 decreased independent of the activity of virus-encoded proteinase 3C. We further demonstrated that the depletion of SNAP47 inhibited CVB3 infection, indicating a pro-viral function of SNAP47. Moreover, we found that SNAP47 co-localizes with the autophagy-related protein ATG14 on the cellular membrane fractions together with viral capsid protein VP1, and expression of SNAP47 or ATG14 enhanced VP1 conjugation. Finally, we revealed that disulfide interactions had an important role in strengthening VP1 conjugation. Collectively, our study elucidated a mechanism by which SNAP47 and ATG14 promoted CVB3 propagation through facilitating viral capsid assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinhao Xiang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (P.X.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (P.X.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (P.X.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Sundaresh B, Xu S, Noonan B, Mansour MK, Leong JM, van Opijnen T. Host-informed therapies for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:971-989. [PMID: 34376327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, traditional antimicrobial strategies have lost efficacy due to a rapid rise in antibiotic resistance and limited success in developing new antibiotics. Rather than relying on therapeutics solely targeting the bacterial pathogen, therapies are emerging that simultaneously focus on host responses. Here, we describe the most promising 'host-informed therapies' (HITs) in two categories: those that aid patients with fully functional immune systems, and those that aid patients with perturbed immune processes. Using Streptococcus pneumoniae, the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, as a case study, we show HITs as an attractive option for supplementing infection management. However, to broaden their applicability and design new strategies, targeted research and clinical trials will be essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Noonan
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tim van Opijnen
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Li L, Tong M, Fu Y, Chen F, Zhang S, Chen H, Ma X, Li D, Liu X, Zhong Q. Lipids and membrane-associated proteins in autophagy. Protein Cell 2021; 12:520-544. [PMID: 33151516 PMCID: PMC8225772 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to various diseases. Autophagy is a membrane driven process and tightly regulated by membrane-associated proteins. Here, we summarized membrane lipid composition, and membrane-associated proteins relevant to autophagy from a spatiotemporal perspective. In particular, we focused on three important membrane remodeling processes in autophagy, lipid transfer for phagophore elongation, membrane scission for phagophore closure, and autophagosome-lysosome membrane fusion. We discussed the significance of the discoveries in this field and possible avenues to follow for future studies. Finally, we summarized the membrane-associated biochemical techniques and assays used to study membrane properties, with a discussion of their applications in autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mindan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuhui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hanmo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Zhang L, Feng G, Yang S, Liu B, Niu Y, Fan P, Liu Z, Chen J, Cui L, Zhou G, Jing H, Liu J, Shen Y. Polyethylenimine-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Induce a Survival Mechanism in Vascular Endothelial Cells via Microvesicle-Mediated Autophagosome Release. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10640-10658. [PMID: 34080832 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted more and more attention as promising materials for biomolecule delivery. However, the lack of detailed evaluation relevant to the potential cytotoxicity of these MSNs is still a major obstacle for their applications. Unlike the bare MSNs and amino- or liposome-modified MSNs, we found that polyethylenimine-modified MSNs (MSNs-PEI) had no obvious toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at the concentrations up to 100 μg/mL. However, MSNs-PEI induced autophagosomes accumulation by blocking their fusion with lysosomes, an essential mechanism for the cytotoxicity of many nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, we predicted that an alternative pathway for autophagosome clearance exists in HUVECs to relieve autophagic stress induced by MSNs-PEI. We found that MSNs-PEI prevented STX17 loading onto autophagosomes instead of influencing lysosomal pH or proteolytic activity. MSNs-PEI induced the structural alternation of the cytoskeleton but did not cause endoplasmic reticulum stress. The accumulated autophagosomes were released to the extracellular space via microvesicles (MVs) when the autophagic degradation was blocked by MSNs-PEI. More importantly, blockade of either autophagosome formation or release caused the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive ROS production in the MSNs-PEI-treated HUVECs, which in turn led to cell death. Thus, we propose here that the MV-mediated autophagosome release, a compensation mechanism, allows the vascular endothelial cell survival when the degradation of autophagosomes is blocked by MSNs-PEI. Accordingly, promoting the release of accumulated autophagosomes may be a protective strategy against the endothelial toxicity of NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaoqing Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuoye Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yakun Niu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pei Fan
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liuqing Cui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangzhou Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Jing
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunpeng Shen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|