101
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Agarwal HK, Janicek R, Zhao J, Sambath K, Egger M, Niggli E, Ellis-Davies GCR. The yin and yang of intracellular delivery of amphipathic optical probes using n-butyl charge masking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2826-2829. [PMID: 35112125 PMCID: PMC9502023 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring and manipulation of ionized intracellular calcium concentrations within intact, living cells using optical probes with organic chromophores is a core method for cell physiology. Since all these probes have multiple negative charges, they must be smuggled through the plasma membrane in a transiently neutral form, with intracellular esterases used to deprotect the masked anions. Here we explore the ability of the synthetically easily accessible n-butyl ester protecting group to deliver amphipathic cargoes to the cytosol. We show that the size of the caging chromophore conditions the ability of intracellular probe delivery and esterase charge unmasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh K. Agarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.,School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, GA 31406, USA
| | | | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Karthik Sambath
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Marcel Egger
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Niggli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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102
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Ribatti D. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as an experimental model to study in vivo angiogenesis in glioblastoma multiforme. Brain Res Bull 2022; 182:26-29. [PMID: 35143927 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most aggressive form of glioma with an extremely poor prognosis, and is characterized by an intense and aberrant angiogenesis. Among the in vivo models to study tumor angiogenesis, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has been used to implant several tumor types as well as malignant cell lines to study their growth rate, angiogenic potential and metastatic capability. The aim of this article is to review the literature data concerning the use of the chick embryo CAM assay to study angiogenesis and metastatic potential in GBM. Different studies have been conducted in the past to investigate the angiogenic and metastatic potential of GBM cell lines and GBM bioptic specimens implanted onto the CAM surface or injected in the CAM circulation. Moreover, it is also possible to investigate the anti-angiogenic potential of different molecules used as anti-angiogenic drugs in the adjuvant treatment of GBM. All these studies have confirmed the utility and versatility of the CAM assay to study tumor progression of human glioblastoma. The CAM assay allows to obtain useful results that can be extrapolate to the biologic behavior of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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103
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da Silva LHR, Catharino LCC, da Silva VJ, Evangelista GCM, Barbuto JAM. The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma—How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020400. [PMID: 35203609 PMCID: PMC8962431 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role in immunosurveillance, acting alongside other immune cells in the response against various types of malignant tumors and the prevention of metastasis. Since their discovery in the 1970s, they have been thoroughly studied for their capacity to kill neoplastic cells without the need for previous sensitization, executing rapid and robust cytotoxic activity, but also helper functions. In agreement with this, NK cells are being exploited in many ways to treat cancer. The broad arsenal of NK-based therapies includes adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded and activated cells, genetically engineered cells to contain chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-NKs), in vivo stimulation of NK cells (by cytokine therapy, checkpoint blockade therapies, etc.), and tumor-specific antibody-guided NK cells, among others. In this article, we review pivotal aspects of NK cells’ biology and their contribution to immune responses against tumors, as well as providing a wide perspective on the many antineoplastic strategies using NK cells. Finally, we also discuss those approaches that have the potential to control glioblastoma—a disease that, currently, causes inevitable death, usually in a short time after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Henrique Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
| | - Luana Correia Croda Catharino
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
| | - Viviane Jennifer da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Departamento de Hematologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 0124690, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Coeli Menezes Evangelista
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
| | - José Alexandre Marzagão Barbuto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (L.H.R.d.S.); (L.C.C.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (G.C.M.E.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Departamento de Hematologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 0124690, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7375
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104
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Beeghly GF, Amofa KY, Fischbach C, Kumar S. Regulation of Tumor Invasion by the Physical Microenvironment: Lessons from Breast and Brain Cancer. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:29-59. [PMID: 35119915 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The success of anticancer therapies is often limited by heterogeneity within and between tumors. While much attention has been devoted to understanding the intrinsic molecular diversity of tumor cells, the surrounding tissue microenvironment is also highly complex and coevolves with tumor cells to drive clinical outcomes. Here, we propose that diverse types of solid tumors share common physical motifs that change in time and space, serving as universal regulators of malignancy. We use breast cancer and glioblastoma as instructive examples and highlight how invasion in both diseases is driven by the appropriation of structural guidance cues, contact-dependent heterotypic interactions with stromal cells, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure and flow. We discuss how engineering strategies show increasing value for measuring and modeling these physical properties for mechanistic studies. Moreover, engineered systems offer great promise for developing and testing novel therapies that improve patient prognosis by normalizing the physical tumor microenvironment. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett F Beeghly
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Kwasi Y Amofa
- University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; .,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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105
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Wang J, Liu Y, Morsch M, Lu Y, Shangguan P, Han L, Wang Z, Chen X, Song C, Liu S, Shi B, Tang BZ. Brain-Targeted Aggregation-Induced-Emission Nanoparticles with Near-Infrared Imaging at 1550 nm Boosts Orthotopic Glioblastoma Theranostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106082. [PMID: 34713508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A remaining challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is surmounting the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such a challenge prevents the development of efficient theranostic approaches that combine reliable diagnosis with targeted therapy. In this study, brain-targeted near-infrared IIb (NIR-IIb) aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) nanoparticles are developed via rational design, which involves twisting the planar molecular backbone with steric hindrance. The resulting nanoparticles can balance competing responsiveness demands for radiation-mediated NIR fluorescence imaging at 1550 nm and non-radiation NIR photothermal therapy (NIR-PTT). The brain-targeting peptide apolipoprotein E peptide (ApoE) is grafted onto these nanoparticles (termed as ApoE-Ph NPs) to target glioma and promote efficient BBB traversal. A long imaging wavelength 1550 nm band-pass filter is utilized to monitor the in vivo biodistribution and accumulation of the nanoparticles in a model of orthotopic glioma, which overcomes previous limitations in wavelength range and equipment. The results demonstrate that the ApoE-Ph NPs have a higher PTT efficiency and significantly enhanced survival of mice bearing orthotopic GBM with moderate irradiation (0.5 W cm-2 ). Collectively, the work highlights the smart design of a brain-targeted NIR-II AIE theranostic approach that opens new diagnosis and treatment options in the photonic therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yisheng Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ping Shangguan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chenhui Song
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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106
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Stumpo V, Sebök M, van Niftrik CHB, Seystahl K, Hainc N, Kulcsar Z, Weller M, Regli L, Fierstra J. Feasibility of glioblastoma tissue response mapping with physiologic BOLD imaging using precise oxygen and carbon dioxide challenge. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:29-44. [PMID: 34874499 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Innovative physiologic MRI development focuses on depiction of heterogenous vascular and metabolic features in glioblastoma. For this feasibility study, we employed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI with standardized and precise carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) modulation to investigate specific tumor tissue response patterns in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven newly diagnosed untreated patients with suspected glioblastoma were prospectively included to undergo a BOLD study with combined CO2 and O2 standardized protocol. %BOLD signal change/mmHg during hypercapnic, hypoxic, and hyperoxic stimulus was calculated in the whole brain, tumor lesion and segmented volumes of interest (VOI) [contrast-enhancing (CE) - tumor, necrosis and edema] to analyze their tissue response patterns. RESULTS Quantification of BOLD signal change after gas challenges can be used to identify specific responses to standardized stimuli in glioblastoma patients. Integration of this approach with automatic VOI segmentation grants improved characterization of tumor subzones and edema. Magnitude of BOLD signal change during the 3 stimuli can be visualized at voxel precision through color-coded maps overlayed onto whole brain and identified VOIs. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary investigation shows good feasibility of BOLD with standardized and precise CO2 and O2 modulation as an emerging physiologic imaging technique to detail specific glioblastoma characteristics. The unique tissue response patterns generated can be further investigated to better detail glioblastoma lesions and gauge treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Stumpo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martina Sebök
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiaan Hendrik Bas van Niftrik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Seystahl
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolin Hainc
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Kulcsar
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Regli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorn Fierstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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107
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Shamshiripour P, Nikoobakht M, Mansourinejad Z, Ahmadvand D, Akbarpour M. A comprehensive update to DC therapy for glioma; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:513-531. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2027759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shamshiripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of medical imaging technology and molecular imaging, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikoobakht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - zahra Mansourinejad
- Department of systems biology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of medical imaging technology and molecular imaging, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility, David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago 60637 IL, USA
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (Immuno-TACT), Universal Science and Education Research Network (USERN), Chicago, USA
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108
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Debom GN, Rubenich DS, Braganhol E. Adenosinergic Signaling as a Key Modulator of the Glioma Microenvironment and Reactive Astrocytes. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:648476. [PMID: 35069091 PMCID: PMC8766410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are numerous glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in brain homeostasis. These cells can directly communicate with neurons by releasing gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, into the multipartite synapse. Moreover, astrocytes respond to tissue injury in the CNS environment. Recently, astrocytic heterogeneity and plasticity have been discussed by several authors, with studies proposing a spectrum of astrocytic activation characterized by A1/neurotoxic and A2/neuroprotective polarization extremes. The fundamental roles of astrocytes in communicating with other cells and sustaining homeostasis are regulated by purinergic signaling. In the CNS environment, the gliotransmitter ATP acts cooperatively with other glial signaling molecules, such as cytokines, which may impact CNS functions by facilitating/inhibiting neurotransmitter release. Adenosine (ADO), the main product of extracellular ATP metabolism, is an important homeostatic modulator and acts as a neuromodulator in synaptic transmission via P1 receptor sensitization. Furthermore, purinergic signaling is a key factor in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as damaged cells release ATP, leading to ADO accumulation in the TME through the ectonucleotidase cascade. Indeed, the enzyme CD73, which converts AMP to ADO, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells; this upregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Because of the crucial activity of CD73 in these cells, extracellular ADO accumulation in the TME contributes to sustaining glioblastoma immune escape while promoting A2-like activation. The present review describes the importance of ADO in modulating astrocyte polarization and simultaneously promoting tumor growth. We also discuss whether targeting of CD73 to block ADO production can be used as an alternative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Debom
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dominique S Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Cardiologia - Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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109
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Li Y, Sharma A, Maciaczyk J, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031311. [PMID: 35163235 PMCID: PMC8835986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of the immunosuppressive environment, the therapeutic approaches to GBM represent still major challenges. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, have not resulted in satisfactory improvements in the overall survival of GBM patients. Among cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, we propose that adjuvant NKT immunotherapy with invariant NKT (iNKT) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may improve the clinical scenario of this devastating disease. Considering this, herein, we discuss the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM based primarily on in vitro/in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and the combinatorial approaches with future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-2871-7050
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110
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Tumor Cell Infiltration into the Brain in Glioblastoma: From Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020443. [PMID: 35053605 PMCID: PMC8773542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, defined by its highly aggressive nature. Despite the advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques, and the development of novel therapies in the last decade, the prognosis for glioblastoma is still extremely poor. One major factor for the failure of existing therapeutic approaches is the highly invasive nature of glioblastomas. The extreme infiltrating capacity of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma makes complete surgical removal difficult; glioblastomas almost inevitably recur in a more therapy-resistant state, sometimes at distant sites in the brain. Therefore, there are major efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning glioblastoma invasion; however, there is no approved therapy directed against the invasive phenotype as of now. Here, we review the major molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma cell invasion, including the routes followed by glioblastoma cells, the interaction of tumor cells within the brain environment and the extracellular matrix components, and the roles of tumor cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling. We also include a perspective of high-throughput approaches utilized to discover novel players for invasion and clinical targeting of invasive glioblastoma cells.
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111
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Mazurek M, Szczepanek D, Orzyłowska A, Rola R. Analysis of Factors Affecting 5-ALA Fluorescence Intensity in Visualizing Glial Tumor Cells-Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020926. [PMID: 35055109 PMCID: PMC8779265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial tumors are one of the most common lesions of the central nervous system. Despite the implementation of appropriate treatment, the prognosis is not successful. As shown in the literature, maximal tumor resection is a key element in improving therapeutic outcome. One of the methods to achieve it is the use of fluorescent intraoperative navigation with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Unfortunately, often the level of fluorescence emitted is not satisfactory, resulting in difficulties in the course of surgery. This article summarizes currently available knowledge regarding differences in the level of emitted fluorescence. It may depend on both the histological type and the genetic profile of the tumor, which is reflected in the activity and expression of enzymes involved in the intracellular metabolism of fluorescent dyes, such as PBGD, FECH, UROS, and ALAS. The transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its metabolites across the blood–brain barrier and cell membranes mediated by transporters, such as ABCB6 and ABCG2, is also important. Accompanying therapies, such as antiepileptic drugs or steroids, also have an impact on light emission by tumor cells. Accurate determination of the factors influencing the fluorescence of 5-aminolevulinic acid-treated cells may contribute to the improvement of fluorescence navigation in patients with highly malignant gliomas.
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112
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Cui W, Wang Y, Ren J, Hubbard CS, Fu X, Fang S, Wang D, Zhang H, Li Y, Li L, Jiang T, Liu H. Personalized
fMRI
delineates functional regions preserved within brain tumors. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:353-366. [PMID: 35023218 PMCID: PMC9107064 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Interpretation
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Cui
- Department of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA USA
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jianxun Ren
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA USA
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Catherine S. Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA USA
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Shengyu Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center Beijing China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing China
- Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Guangdong China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA USA
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
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113
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Lu Q, Xiong J, Yuan Y, Ruan Z, Zhang Y, Chai B, Li L, Cai S, Xiao J, Wu Y, Huang P, Zhang H. Minocycline improves the functional recovery after traumatic brain injury via inhibition of aquaporin-4. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:441-458. [PMID: 34975343 PMCID: PMC8692149 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main concerns worldwide as there is still no comprehensive therapeutic intervention. Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) system is closely related to the brain edema, water transport at blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocyte function in the central nervous system (CNS). Minocycline, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has shown anti-inflammation, anti-apoptotic, vascular protection and neuroprotective effects on TBI models. Here, we tried to further explore the underlying mechanism of minocycline treatment for TBI, especially the relationship of minocycline and AQP4 during TBI treatment. In present study, we observed that minocycline efficaciously reduces the elevation of AQP4 in TBI mice. Furthermore, minocycline significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, ameliorated brain edema and BBB disruption after TBI. In addition, the expressions of tight junction protein and astrocyte morphology alteration were optimized by minocycline administration. Similar results were found after treating with TGN-020 (an inhibitor of AQP4) in TBI mice. Moreover, these effects were reversed by cyanamide (CYA) treatment, which notably upregulated AQP4 expression level in vivo. In primary cultured astrocytes, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) AQP4 treatment prevented glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling. To sum up, our study suggests that minocycline improves the functional recovery of TBI through reducing AQP4 level to optimize BBB integrity and astrocyte function, and highlights that the AQP4 may be an important therapeutic target during minocycline treating for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Zhejiang Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanwei Ruan
- Department of Emergency, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325200, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 311899, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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114
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Allen BD, Limoli CL. Breaking barriers: Neurodegenerative repercussions of radiotherapy induced damage on the blood-brain and blood-tumor barrier. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:189-201. [PMID: 34875340 PMCID: PMC8925982 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to radiation during the treatment of CNS tumors leads to detrimental damage of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in normal tissue. Effects are characterized by leakage of the vasculature which exposes the brain to a host of neurotoxic agents potentially leading to white matter necrosis, parenchymal calcification, and an increased chance of stroke. Vasculature of the blood tumor barrier (BTB) is irregular leading to poorly perfused and hypoxic tissue throughout the tumor that becomes resistant to radiation. While current clinical applications of cranial radiotherapy use dose fractionation to reduce normal tissue damage, these treatments still cause significant alterations to the cells that make up the neurovascular unit of the BBB and BTB. Damage to the vasculature manifests as reduction in tight junction proteins, alterations to membrane transporters, impaired cell signaling, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. While radiotherapy treatments are detrimental to normal tissue, adapting combined strategies with radiation targeted to damage the BTB could aid in drug delivery. Understanding differences between the BBB and the BTB may provide valuable insight allowing clinicians to improve treatment outcomes. Leveraging this information should allow advances in the development of therapeutic modalities that will protect the normal tissue while simultaneously improving CNS tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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115
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Krolicki L, Kunikowska J, Bruchertseifer F, Koziara H, Morgenstern A, Krolicki B, Rosiak E, Pawlak D, Merlo A. Nuclear medicine therapy of CNS tumors. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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116
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Martins C, Sarmento B. Cell Interplay Model to Assess the Impact of Glioma Cells on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2492:267-276. [PMID: 35733050 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2289-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most selective protecting layer of the central nervous system (CNS) with unique neurovascular features. The BBB is known to undergo a process of molecular alterations during disease state, such as in the case of glioma. This results in a non-uniform permeability along the BBB layer, which retains intact regions but develops focal sites of higher leakiness, especially in the surrounds of the tumor core. Although essential to guarantee brain homeostasis, the BBB has been the Achilles heel of drug delivery to the brain since the early times of the first classification as "barrier," more than a century ago. Due to the presence of the BBB, the transport of drug molecules from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma is highly restricted, and, therefore, clinically relevant therapeutic concentrations cannot be achieved. Research efforts have focused on the development of novel tools to ameliorate drug permeability across the BBB, including drug formulation into non-invasive delivery systems with brain targeting properties and techniques that allow a temporary disruption of the BBB. To strengthen the advancement of potential drug candidates, in vitro models that recapitulate the main in vivo features of BBB are required to perform a preliminary screening of permeability, both in health and disease conditions. Herein, a protocol to assemble a BBB in vitro model to screen drug permeability in a glioma disease state is detailed. The model consists of a BBB and glioma cell co-culture and aims at exploiting the effect of the interplay between the cell constituents on the permeability of drug molecules. Although simple and straightforward, the herein in vitro model presents a high reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and a favorable time-benefit balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.
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117
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Chen S, Nazeri A, Baek H, Ye D, Yang Y, Yuan J, Rubin JB, Chen H. A review of bioeffects induced by focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the neurovascular unit. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:3-26. [PMID: 34551608 PMCID: PMC8721781 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211046129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound combined with circulating microbubbles (FUS+MB) can transiently enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability at targeted brain locations. Its great promise in improving drug delivery to the brain is reflected by a rapidly growing number of clinical trials using FUS+MB to treat various brain diseases. As the clinical applications of FUS+MB continue to expand, it is critical to have a better understanding of the molecular and cellular effects induced by FUS+MB to enhance the efficacy of current treatment and enable the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Existing studies primarily focus on FUS+MB-induced effects on brain endothelial cells, the major cellular component of BBB. However, bioeffects induced by FUS+MB expand beyond the BBB to cells surrounding blood vessels, including astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Together these cell types comprise the neurovascular unit (NVU). In this review, we examine cell-type-specific bioeffects of FUS+MB on different NVU components, including enhanced permeability in endothelial cells, activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as increased intraneuron protein metabolism and neuronal activity. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps that must be addressed to further advance clinical applications of FUS+MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arash Nazeri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongchae Baek
- Imaging Institute and Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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118
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Lin CH, Lin HY, Ho EP, Ke YC, Cheng MF, Shiue CY, Wu CH, Liao PH, Hsu AYH, Chu LA, Liu YD, Lin YH, Tai YC, Shun CT, Chiu HM, Wu MS. Mild Chronic Colitis Triggers Parkinsonism in LRRK2 Mutant Mice Through Activating TNF-α Pathway. Mov Disord 2021; 37:745-757. [PMID: 34918781 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a common risk gene for Parkinson's disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disorders. However, the penetrance of the most prevalent LRRK2 mutation, G2019S, is <50%. Factors other than genetic mutations are needed in PD process. OBJECTIVES To examine whether and how gut inflammation may act as an environmental trigger to neurodegeneration in PD. METHODS A mild and chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice model harboring LRRK2 G2019S mutation was established. The colitis severity, immune responses, locomotor function, dopaminergic neuron, and microglia integrity were compared between littermate controls, transgenic LRRK2 wild type (WT), and LRRK2 G2019S mice. RESULTS The LRRK2 G2019S mice are more vulnerable to DSS-induced colitis than littermate controls or LRRK2 WT animals with increased intestinal expressions of pattern-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Notably, the colonic expression of α-synuclein was significantly increased in LRRK2 G2019S colitis mice. We subsequently observed more aggravated locomotor defect, microglia activation, and dopaminergic neuron loss in LRRK2 G2019S colitis mice than control animals. Treatment with anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody, adalimumab, abrogated both gut and neuroinflammation, mitigated neurodegeneration, and improved locomotor function in LRRK2 G2019S colitis mice. Finally, we validated increased colonic expressions of LRRK2, TLRs, and NF-κB pathway proteins and elevated plasma TNF-α level in PD patients compared to controls, especially in those with LRRK2 risk variants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that chronic colitis promotes parkinsonism in genetically susceptible mice and TNF-α plays a detrimental role in the gut-brain axis of PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Pong Ho
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ci Ke
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyng-Yann Shiue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Li-An Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ding Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Tai
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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119
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Sadanandan N, Shear A, Brooks B, Saft M, Cabantan DAG, Kingsbury C, Zhang H, Anthony S, Wang ZJ, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Rivera Monroy G, Vega Gonzales-Portillo J, Moscatello A, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Treating Metastatic Brain Cancers With Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:749716. [PMID: 34899179 PMCID: PMC8651876 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.749716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy may present an effective treatment for metastatic brain cancer and glioblastoma. Here we posit the critical role of a leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a key element for the development of brain metastases, specifically melanoma. By reviewing the immunological and inflammatory responses associated with BBB damage secondary to tumoral activity, we identify the involvement of this pathological process in the growth and formation of metastatic brain cancers. Likewise, we evaluate the hypothesis of regenerating impaired endothelial cells of the BBB and alleviating the damaged neurovascular unit to attenuate brain metastasis, using the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) phenotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy for stem cell therapy to repair disruptions in the BBB and reduce inflammation in the brain, thereby causing attenuation of metastatic brain cancers. To establish the viability of stem cell therapy for the prevention and treatment of metastatic brain tumors, it is crucial to demonstrate BBB repair through augmentation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. BBB disruption is strongly linked to metastatic melanoma, worsens neuroinflammation during metastasis, and negatively influences the prognosis of metastatic brain cancer. Using stem cell therapy to interrupt inflammation secondary to this leaky BBB represents a paradigm-shifting approach for brain cancer treatment. In this review article, we critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell therapy for brain metastases and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Madeline Saft
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Henry Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Alma R Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Alexa Moscatello
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.,Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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120
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Hu Y, Tao W. Microenvironmental Variations After Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:750810. [PMID: 34899180 PMCID: PMC8662751 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.750810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to several pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is considered to be one of the initial changes. Further, the microenvironmental alteration following TBI-induced BBB breakdown can be multi-scaled, constant, and dramatic. The microenvironmental variations after disruption of BBB includes several pathological changes, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) alteration, brain edema, cerebral metabolism imbalances, and accumulation of inflammatory molecules. The modulation of the microenvironment presents attractive targets for TBI recovery, such as reducing toxic substances, inhibiting inflammation, and promoting neurogenesis. Herein, we briefly review the pathological alterations of the microenvironmental changes following BBB breakdown and outline potential interventions for TBI recovery based on microenvironmental modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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121
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Blethen KE, Arsiwala TA, Fladeland RA, Sprowls SA, Panchal DM, Adkins CE, Kielkowski BN, Earp LE, Glass MJ, Pritt TA, Cabuyao YM, Aulakh S, Lockman PR. Modulation of the blood-tumor barrier to enhance drug delivery and efficacy for brain metastases. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:v133-v143. [PMID: 34859240 PMCID: PMC8633736 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is the selectively permeable vasculature of the brain vital for maintaining homeostasis and neurological function. Low permeability is beneficial in the presence of toxins and pathogens in the blood. However, in the presence of metastatic brain tumors, it is a challenge for drug delivery. Although the blood-tumor barrier is slightly leaky, it still is not permissive enough to allow the accumulation of therapeutic drug concentrations in brain metastases. Herein, we discuss the differences between primary brain tumors and metastatic brain tumors vasculature, effects of therapeutics on the blood-tumor barrier, and characteristics to be manipulated for more effective drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Blethen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tasneem A Arsiwala
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ross A Fladeland
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Samuel A Sprowls
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dhruvi M Panchal
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Chris E Adkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke N Kielkowski
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Leland E Earp
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan J Glass
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Trenton A Pritt
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Yssabela M Cabuyao
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sonikpreet Aulakh
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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122
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Andersen BM, Faust Akl C, Wheeler MA, Chiocca EA, Reardon DA, Quintana FJ. Glial and myeloid heterogeneity in the brain tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:786-802. [PMID: 34584243 PMCID: PMC8616823 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancers carry bleak prognoses, with therapeutic advances helping only a minority of patients over the past decade. The brain tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly immunosuppressive and differs from that of other malignancies as a result of the glial, neural and immune cell populations that constitute it. Until recently, the study of the brain TME was limited by the lack of methods to de-convolute this complex system at the single-cell level. However, novel technical approaches have begun to reveal the immunosuppressive and tumour-promoting properties of distinct glial and myeloid cell populations in the TME, identifying new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we discuss the immune modulatory functions of microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages and astrocytes in brain metastases and glioma, highlighting their disease-associated heterogeneity and drawing from the insights gained by studying these malignancies and other neurological disorders. Lastly, we consider potential approaches for the therapeutic modulation of the brain TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Andersen
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Faust Akl
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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123
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Barthel L, Hadamitzky M, Dammann P, Schedlowski M, Sure U, Thakur BK, Hetze S. Glioma: molecular signature and crossroads with tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 41:53-75. [PMID: 34687436 PMCID: PMC8924130 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with glioblastoma, the average survival time with current treatments is short, mainly due to recurrences and resistance to therapy. This insufficient treatment success is, in large parts, due to the tremendous molecular heterogeneity of gliomas, which affects the overall prognosis and response to therapies and plays a vital role in gliomas’ grading. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is a major player for glioma development and resistance to therapy. Active communication between glioma cells and local or neighboring healthy cells and the immune environment promotes the cancerogenic processes and contributes to establishing glioma stem cells, which drives therapy resistance. Besides genetic alterations in the primary tumor, tumor-released factors, cytokines, proteins, extracellular vesicles, and environmental influences like hypoxia provide tumor cells the ability to evade host tumor surveillance machinery and promote disease progression. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that these players affect the molecular biological properties of gliomas and enable inter-cell communication that supports pro-cancerogenic cell properties. Identifying and characterizing these complex mechanisms are inevitably necessary to adapt therapeutic strategies and to develop novel measures. Here we provide an update about these junctions where constant traffic of biomolecules adds complexity in the management of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Barthel
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Exosome Research Lab, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Susann Hetze
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
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124
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The emerging roles of circular RNAs in vessel co-option and vasculogenic mimicry: clinical insights for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 41:173-191. [PMID: 34664157 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment prompted the investigation of non-angiogenic tumor processes. Vessel co-option (VC) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are recognized as primary non-angiogenic mechanisms. In VC, cancer cells utilize pre-existing blood vessels for support, whereas in VM, cancer cells channel and provide blood flow to rapidly growing tumors. Both processes have been implicated in the development of tumor and resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs in many tumor types. The morphology, but rare molecular alterations have been investigated in VC and VM. There is a pressing need to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here, we review the emerging circular RNA (circRNA)-mediated regulation of non-angiogenic processes, VC and VM.
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125
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Parmigiani E, Scalera M, Mori E, Tantillo E, Vannini E. Old Stars and New Players in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:709917. [PMID: 34690699 PMCID: PMC8527006 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.709917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the direct interaction between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor growth and a promising therapeutic target. The TME, including the surrounding peritumoral regions, is dynamically modified during tumor progression and in response to therapies. However, the mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between malignant and non-malignant cells are still poorly understood, especially in the case of glioma, an aggressive form of brain tumor. The presence of unique brain-resident cell types, namely neurons and glial cells, and an exceptionally immunosuppressive microenvironment pose additional important challenges to the development of effective treatments targeting the TME. In this review, we provide an overview on the direct and indirect interplay between glioma and neuronal and glial cells, introducing new players and mechanisms that still deserve further investigation. We will focus on the effects of neural activity and glial response in controlling glioma cell behavior and discuss the potential of exploiting these cellular interactions to develop new therapeutic approaches with the aim to preserve proper brain functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Parmigiani
- Embryology and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Scalera
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tantillo
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vannini
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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126
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Darrigues E, Zhao EH, De Loose A, Lee MP, Borrelli MJ, Eoff RL, Galileo DS, Penthala NR, Crooks PA, Rodriguez A. Biobanked Glioblastoma Patient-Derived Organoids as a Precision Medicine Model to Study Inhibition of Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910720. [PMID: 34639060 PMCID: PMC8509225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to treatment and invasion into the surrounding brain is a cancer hallmark that leads to recurrence despite surgical resection. With the emergence of precision medicine, patient-derived 3D systems are considered potentially robust GBM preclinical models. In this study, we screened a library of 22 anti-invasive compounds (i.e., NF-kB, GSK-3-B, COX-2, and tubulin inhibitors) using glioblastoma U-251 MG cell spheroids. We evaluated toxicity and invasion inhibition using a 3D Matrigel invasion assay. We next selected three compounds that inhibited invasion and screened them in patient-derived glioblastoma organoids (GBOs). We developed a platform using available macros for FIJI/ImageJ to quantify invasion from the outer margin of organoids. Our data demonstrated that a high-throughput invasion screening can be done using both an established cell line and patient-derived 3D model systems. Tubulin inhibitor compounds had the best efficacy with U-251 MG cells, however, in ex vivo patient organoids the results were highly variable. Our results indicate that the efficacy of compounds is highly related to patient intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity. These results indicate that such models can be used to evaluate personal oncology therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Darrigues
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Edward H. Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Annick De Loose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Madison P. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Michael J. Borrelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Robert L. Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Deni S. Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Narsimha R. Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.R.P.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.R.P.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
- Correspondence:
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127
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Synergistic Impairment of the Neurovascular Unit by HIV-1 Infection and Methamphetamine Use: Implications for HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091883. [PMID: 34578464 PMCID: PMC8473422 DOI: 10.3390/v13091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular units (NVU) are the minimal functional units of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and the basement membrane. The BBB serves as an important interface for immune communication between the brain and peripheral circulation. Disruption of the NVU by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) induces dysfunction of the BBB and triggers inflammatory responses, which can lead to the development of neurocognitive impairments collectively known as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is a frequent comorbidity among individuals infected with HIV-1. METH use may be associated not only with rapid HIV-1 disease progression but also with accelerated onset and increased severity of HAND. However, the molecular mechanisms of METH-induced neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in the context of HIV-1 infection are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the signaling pathways mediating synergistic impairment of the BBB and neuronal injury induced by METH and HIV-1, potentially accelerating the onset or severity of HAND in HIV-1-positive METH abusers. We also discuss potential therapies to limit neuroinflammation and NVU damage in HIV-1-infected METH abusers.
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128
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Fesharaki NJ, Mathew AB, Mathis JR, Huddleston WE, Reuss JL, Pillai JJ, DeYoe EA. Effects of Thresholding on Voxel-Wise Correspondence of Breath-Hold and Resting-State Maps of Cerebrovascular Reactivity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:654957. [PMID: 34504411 PMCID: PMC8421787 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.654957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging for presurgical brain mapping enables neurosurgeons to identify viable tissue near a site of operable pathology which might be at risk of surgery-induced damage. However, focal brain pathology (e.g., tumors) may selectively disrupt neurovascular coupling while leaving the underlying neurons functionally intact. Such neurovascular uncoupling can result in false negatives on brain activation maps thereby compromising their use for surgical planning. One way to detect potential neurovascular uncoupling is to map cerebrovascular reactivity using either an active breath-hold challenge or a passive resting-state scan. The equivalence of these two methods has yet to be fully established, especially at a voxel level of resolution. To quantitatively compare breath-hold and resting-state maps of cerebrovascular reactivity, we first identified threshold settings that optimized coverage of gray matter while minimizing false responses in white matter. When so optimized, the resting-state metric had moderately better gray matter coverage and specificity. We then assessed the spatial correspondence between the two metrics within cortical gray matter, again, across a wide range of thresholds. Optimal spatial correspondence was strongly dependent on threshold settings which if improperly set tended to produce statistically biased maps. When optimized, the two CVR maps did have moderately good correspondence with each other (mean accuracy of 73.6%). Our results show that while the breath-hold and resting-state maps may appear qualitatively similar they are not quantitatively identical at a voxel level of resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin J Fesharaki
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amy B Mathew
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jedidiah R Mathis
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Wendy E Huddleston
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - James L Reuss
- Prism Clinical Imaging, Inc., Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jay J Pillai
- Neuroradiology Division, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Edgar A DeYoe
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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129
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Neves ER, Harley BAC, Pedron S. Microphysiological systems to study tumor-stroma interactions in brain cancer. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:220-229. [PMID: 34166771 PMCID: PMC8324563 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors still lack effective treatments, and the mechanisms of tumor progression and therapeutic resistance are unclear. Multiple parameters affect cancer prognosis (e.g., type and grade, age, location, size, and genetic mutations) and election of suitable treatments is based on preclinical models and clinical data. However, most candidate drugs fail in human trials due to inefficacy. Cell lines and tissue culture plates do not provide physiologically relevant environments, and animal models are not able to adequately mimic characteristics of disease in humans. Therefore, increasing technological advances are focusing on in vitro and computational modeling to increase the throughput and predicting capabilities of preclinical systems. The extensive use of these therapeutic agents requires a more profound understanding of the tumor-stroma interactions, including neural tissue, extracellular matrix, blood-brain barrier, astrocytes and microglia. Microphysiological brain tumor models offer physiologically relevant vascularized 'minitumors' that can help deciphering disease mechanisms, accelerating the drug discovery and predicting patient's response to anticancer treatments. This article reviews progress in tumor-on-a-chip platforms that are designed to comprehend the particular roles of stromal cells in the brain tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Neves
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sara Pedron
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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130
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Hanafy AS, Dietrich D, Fricker G, Lamprecht A. Blood-brain barrier models: Rationale for selection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113859. [PMID: 34246710 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain delivery is a broad research area, the outcomes of which are far hindered by the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Over the last century, research has been revealing the BBB complexity and the crosstalk between its cellular and molecular components. Pathologically, BBB alterations may precede as well as be concomitant or lead to brain diseases. To simulate the BBB and investigate options for drug delivery, several in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, in situ and in silico models are used. Hundreds of drug delivery vehicles successfully pass preclinical trials but fail in clinical settings. Inadequate selection of BBB models is believed to remarkably impact the data reliability leading to unsatisfactory results in clinical trials. In this review, we suggest a rationale for BBB model selection with respect to the addressed research question and downstream applications. The essential considerations of an optimal BBB model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sayed Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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131
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Abou-Mrad Z, Bou Gharios J, Moubarak MM, Chalhoub A, Moussalem C, Bahmad HF, Abou-Kheir W. Central nervous system tumors and three-dimensional cell biology: Current and future perspectives in modeling. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1112-1126. [PMID: 34567429 PMCID: PMC8422930 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a variety of distinct neoplasms that present multiple challenges in terms of treatment and prognosis. Glioblastoma, the most common primary tumor in adults, is associated with poor survival and remains one of the least treatable neoplasms. These tumors are highly heterogenous and complex in their nature. Due to this complexity, traditional cell culturing techniques and methods do not provide an ideal recapitulating model for the study of these tumors’ behavior in vivo. Two-dimensional models lack the spatial arrangement, the heterogeneity in cell types, and the microenvironment that play a large role in tumor cell behavior and response to treatment. Recently, scientists have turned towards three-dimensional culturing methods, namely spheroids and organoids, as they have been shown to recapitulate tumors in a more faithful manner to their in vivo counterparts. Moreover, tumor-on-a-chip systems have lately been employed in CNS tumor modeling and have shown great potential in both studying the pathophysiology and therapeutic testing. In this review, we will discuss the current available literature on in vitro three-dimensional culturing models in CNS tumors, in addition to presenting their advantages and current limitations. We will also elaborate on the future implications of these models and their benefit in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Abou-Mrad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou Gharios
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Chalhoub
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Moussalem
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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132
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Rosehart AC, Longden TA, Weir N, Fontaine JT, Joutel A, Dabertrand F. Prostaglandin E 2 Dilates Intracerebral Arterioles When Applied to Capillaries: Implications for Small Vessel Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:695965. [PMID: 34483880 PMCID: PMC8414797 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been widely proposed to mediate neurovascular coupling by dilating brain parenchymal arterioles through activation of prostanoid EP4 receptors. However, our previous report that direct application of PGE2 induces an EP1-mediated constriction strongly argues against its direct action on arterioles during neurovascular coupling, the mechanisms sustaining functional hyperemia. Recent advances have highlighted the role of capillaries in sensing neuronal activity and propagating vasodilatory signals to the upstream penetrating parenchymal arteriole. Here, we examined the effect of capillary stimulation with PGE2 on upstream arteriolar diameter using an ex vivo capillary-parenchymal arteriole preparation and in vivo cerebral blood flow measurements with two-photon laser-scanning microscopy. We found that PGE2 caused upstream arteriolar dilation when applied onto capillaries with an EC50 of 70 nM. The response was inhibited by EP1 receptor antagonist and was greatly reduced, but not abolished, by blocking the strong inward-rectifier K+ channel. We further observed a blunted dilatory response to capillary stimulation with PGE2 in a genetic mouse model of cerebral small vessel disease with impaired functional hyperemia. This evidence casts previous findings in a different light, indicating that capillaries are the locus of PGE2 action to induce upstream arteriolar dilation in the control of brain blood flow, thereby providing a paradigm-shifting view that nonetheless remains coherent with the broad contours of a substantial body of existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Rosehart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nick Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jackson T. Fontaine
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anne Joutel
- INSERM, UMR 1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Fabrice Dabertrand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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133
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Umans RA, Ten Kate M, Pollock C, Sontheimer H. Fishing for Contact: Modeling Perivascular Glioma Invasion in the Zebrafish Brain. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1295-1305. [PMID: 34423267 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive, central nervous system (CNS) cancer for which there is no cure. Invading tumor cells evade treatment, limiting the efficacy of the current standard of care regimen. Understanding the underlying invasive behaviors that support tumor growth may allow for generation of novel GBM therapies. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are attractive for genetics and live imaging and have, in recent years, emerged as a model system suitable for cancer biology research. While other groups have studied CNS tumors using zebrafish, few have concentrated on the invasive behaviors supporting the development of these diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that one of the main mechanisms of GBM invasion is perivascular invasion, i.e., single tumor cell migration along blood vessels. Here, we characterize phenotypes, methodology, and potential therapeutic avenues for utilizing zebrafish to model perivascular GBM invasion. Using patient-derived xenolines or an adherent cell line, we demonstrate tumor expansion within the zebrafish brain. Within 24-h postintracranial injection, D54-MG-tdTomato glioma cells produce fingerlike projections along the zebrafish brain vasculature. As few as 25 GBM cells were sufficient to promote single cell vessel co-option. Of note, these tumor-vessel interactions are CNS specific and do not occur on pre-existing blood vessels when injected into the animal's peripheral tissue. Tumor-vessel interactions increase over time and can be pharmacologically disrupted through inhibition of Wnt signaling. Therefore, zebrafish serve as a favorable model system to study perivascular glioma invasion, one of the deadly characteristics that make GBM so difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Umans
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, The Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States
| | - Mattie Ten Kate
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Sandy Hall, 210 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Carolyn Pollock
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Sandy Hall, 210 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, The Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Sandy Hall, 210 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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134
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Maurer GD, Tichy J, Harter PN, Nöth U, Weise L, Quick-Weller J, Deichmann R, Steinbach JP, Bähr O, Hattingen E. Matching Quantitative MRI Parameters with Histological Features of Treatment-Naïve IDH Wild-Type Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164060. [PMID: 34439213 PMCID: PMC8392045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative MRI allows to probe tissue properties by measuring relaxation times and may thus detect subtle changes in tissue composition. In this work we analyzed different relaxation times (T1, T2, T2* and T2') and histological features in 321 samples that were acquired from 25 patients with newly diagnosed IDH wild-type glioma. Quantitative relaxation times before intravenous application of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), T1 relaxation time after GBCA as well as the relative difference between T1 relaxation times pre-to-post GBCA (T1rel) were compared with histopathologic features such as the presence of tumor cells, cell and vessel density, endogenous markers for hypoxia and cell proliferation. Image-guided stereotactic biopsy allowed for the attribution of each tissue specimen to its corresponding position in the respective relaxation time map. Compared to normal tissue, T1 and T2 relaxation times and T1rel were prolonged in samples containing tumor cells. The presence of vascular proliferates was associated with higher T1rel values. Immunopositivity for lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) involved slightly longer T1 relaxation times. However, low T2' values, suggesting high amounts of deoxyhemoglobin, were found in samples with elevated vessel densities, but not in samples with increased immunopositivity for LDHA. Taken together, some of our observations were consistent with previous findings but the correlation of quantitative MRI and histologic parameters did not confirm all our pathophysiology-based assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D. Maurer
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.T.); (J.P.S.); (O.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Tichy
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.T.); (J.P.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nöth
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (U.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Lutz Weise
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Johanna Quick-Weller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (U.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Joachim P. Steinbach
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.T.); (J.P.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Oliver Bähr
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.T.); (J.P.S.); (O.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, 63739 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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135
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Biomimetic and cell-based nanocarriers - New strategies for brain tumor targeting. J Control Release 2021; 337:482-493. [PMID: 34352316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades no significant advances were achieved in the treatment of the most frequent and malignant types of brain tumors. The main difficulties in achieving progress are related to the incapacity to deliver drugs in therapeutic amounts into the central nervous system and the associated severe side effects. Indeed, to obtain effective treatments, the drugs should be able to cross the intended biological barriers and not being inactivated before reaching the specific therapeutic target. To overcome these challenges the development of synthetic nanocarriers has been widely explored for brain tumor treatment but unfortunately with no clinical translation until date. The use of cell-derived nanocarriers or biomimetic nanocarriers has been studied in the last few years, considering their innate bio-interfacing properties. The ability to carry therapeutic agents and a higher selectivity towards brain tumors would bring new hope for the development of safe and effective treatments. In this review, we explore the biological barriers that need to be crossed for effective delivery in brain tumors, and the types and properties of cell-based nanocarriers (extracellular vesicles and cell-membrane coated nanocarriers) currently under investigation.
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136
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Magnussen AL, Mills IG. Vascular normalisation as the stepping stone into tumour microenvironment transformation. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:324-336. [PMID: 33828258 PMCID: PMC8329166 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional vascular system is indispensable for drug delivery and fundamental for responsiveness of the tumour microenvironment to such medication. At the same time, the progression of a tumour is defined by the interactions of the cancer cells with their surrounding environment, including neovessels, and the vascular network continues to be the major route for the dissemination of tumour cells in cancer, facilitating metastasis. So how can this apparent conflict be reconciled? Vessel normalisation-in which redundant structures are pruned and the abnormal vasculature is stabilised and remodelled-is generally considered to be beneficial in the course of anti-cancer treatments. A causality between normalised vasculature and improved response to medication and treatment is observed. For this reason, it is important to discern the consequence of vessel normalisation on the tumour microenvironment and to modulate the vasculature advantageously. This article will highlight the challenges of controlled neovascular remodelling and outline how vascular normalisation can shape disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette L Magnussen
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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137
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Han L, Jiang C. Evolution of blood-brain barrier in brain diseases and related systemic nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2306-2325. [PMID: 34522589 PMCID: PMC8424230 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) strictly controls matter exchange between blood and brain, and severely limits brain penetration of systemically administered drugs, resulting in ineffective drug therapy of brain diseases. However, during the onset and progression of brain diseases, BBB alterations evolve inevitably. In this review, we focus on nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies designed based on BBB evolutions and related applications in various brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury and brain tumor. The advances on optimization of small molecules for BBB crossing and non-systemic administration routes (e.g., intranasal treatment) for BBB bypassing are not included in this review.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AMT, alpha-methyl-l-tryptophan
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BACE1, β-secretase 1
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BTB, blood–brain tumor barrier
- Blood–brain barrier
- Brain diseases
- Brain-targeting
- CMT, carrier-mediated transportation
- DTPA-Gd, Gd-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid
- Drug delivery systems
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- GLUT1, glucose transporter-1
- Gd, gadolinium
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channels
- KCa, calcium-dependent potassium channels
- LAT1, L-type amino acid transporter 1
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, LDL receptor
- LFA-1, lymphocyte function associated antigen-1
- LRP1, LDLR-related protein 1
- MFSD2A, major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a
- MMP9, metalloproteinase-9
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PEG, polyethyleneglycol
- PEG-PLGA, polyethyleneglycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
- RBC, red blood cell
- RMT, receptor-mediated transcytosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TJ, tight junction
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZO1, zona occludens 1
- siRNA, short interfering RNA
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 512 65882089.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tang T, Chang B, Zhang M, Sun T. Nanoprobe-mediated precise imaging and therapy of glioma. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:634-650. [PMID: 34110340 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, accounting for 80% of primary intracranial tumors. Due to the heterogeneous and infiltrating nature of malignant gliomas and the hindrance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is very difficult to accurately image and differentiate the malignancy grade of gliomas, thus significantly influencing the diagnostic accuracy and subsequent surgery or therapy. In recent years, the rapid development of emerging nanoprobes has provided a promising opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. After rational component regulation and surface modification, functional nanoprobes could efficiently cross the BBB, target gliomas, and realize single-modal or multimodal imaging of gliomas with high clarity. Moreover, these contrast nanoagents could also be conjugated with therapeutic drugs and cure cancerous tissues at the same time. Herein, we focus on the design strategies of nanoprobes for effective crossing of the BBB, and introduce the recent advances in the precise imaging and therapy of gliomas using functional nanoprobes. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and future directions of nanoprobe-based diagnosis and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Baisong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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139
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Recent Advances in Glioma Therapy: Combining Vascular Normalization and Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153686. [PMID: 34359588 PMCID: PMC8345045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for more than 50% of all primary malignancies of the brain. Current standard treatment regimen for GBM includes maximal surgical resection followed by radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumor cells, tumor recurrence is often inevitable. The prognosis of patients with glioma is, thus, dismal. Glioma is a highly angiogenic tumor yet immunologically cold. As such, evolving studies have focused on designing strategies that specifically target the tyrosine kinase receptors of angiokines and encourage immune infiltration. Recent promising results from immunotherapies on other cancer types have prompted further investigations of this therapy in GBM. In this article, we reviewed the pathological angiogenesis and immune reactivity in glioma, as well as its target for drug development, and we discussed future directions in glioma therapy.
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140
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Chokshi CR, Brakel BA, Tatari N, Savage N, Salim SK, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Advances in Immunotherapy for Adult Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143400. [PMID: 34298615 PMCID: PMC8305609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Therapy failure and disease recurrence are hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal tumor in adults that originates in the brain. Despite aggressive standards of care, tumor recurrence is inevitable with no standardized second-line therapy. Recent clinical studies evaluating therapies that augment the anti-tumor immune response (i.e., immunotherapies) have yielded promising results in subsets of GBM patients. Here, we summarize clinical studies in the past decade that evaluate vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for treatment of GBM. Although immunotherapies have yet to return widespread efficacy for the majority of GBM patients, critical insights from completed and ongoing clinical trials are informing development of the next generation of therapies, with the goal to alleviate disease burden and extend patient survival. Abstract Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. With the advent of therapies that revitalize the anti-tumor immune response, several immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed for treatment of GBM. In this review, we summarize recent clinical and preclinical efforts to evaluate vaccination strategies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Although these modalities have shown long-term tumor regression in subsets of treated patients, the underlying biology that may predict efficacy and inform therapy development is being actively investigated. Common to all therapeutic modalities are fundamental mechanisms of therapy evasion by tumor cells, including immense intratumoral heterogeneity, suppression of the tumor immune microenvironment and low mutational burden. These insights have led efforts to design rational combinatorial therapies that can reignite the anti-tumor immune response, effectively and specifically target tumor cells and reliably decrease tumor burden for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu R. Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (C.R.C.); (B.A.B.); (N.T.); (N.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Benjamin A. Brakel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (C.R.C.); (B.A.B.); (N.T.); (N.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (C.R.C.); (B.A.B.); (N.T.); (N.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (C.R.C.); (B.A.B.); (N.T.); (N.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sabra K. Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (C.R.C.); (B.A.B.); (N.T.); (N.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (C.R.C.); (B.A.B.); (N.T.); (N.S.); (S.K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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141
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Kostrikov S, Johnsen KB, Braunstein TH, Gudbergsson JM, Fliedner FP, Obara EAA, Hamerlik P, Hansen AE, Kjaer A, Hempel C, Andresen TL. Optical tissue clearing and machine learning can precisely characterize extravasation and blood vessel architecture in brain tumors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:815. [PMID: 34211069 PMCID: PMC8249617 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise methods for quantifying drug accumulation in brain tissue are currently very limited, challenging the development of new therapeutics for brain disorders. Transcardial perfusion is instrumental for removing the intravascular fraction of an injected compound, thereby allowing for ex vivo assessment of extravasation into the brain. However, pathological remodeling of tissue microenvironment can affect the efficiency of transcardial perfusion, which has been largely overlooked. We show that, in contrast to healthy vasculature, transcardial perfusion cannot remove an injected compound from the tumor vasculature to a sufficient extent leading to considerable overestimation of compound extravasation. We demonstrate that 3D deep imaging of optically cleared tumor samples overcomes this limitation. We developed two machine learning-based semi-automated image analysis workflows, which provide detailed quantitative characterization of compound extravasation patterns as well as tumor angioarchitecture in large three-dimensional datasets from optically cleared samples. This methodology provides a precise and comprehensive analysis of extravasation in brain tumors and allows for correlation of extravasation patterns with specific features of the heterogeneous brain tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Kostrikov
- Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper B Johnsen
- Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Braunstein
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johann M Gudbergsson
- Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Frederikke P Fliedner
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth A A Obara
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders E Hansen
- Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Hempel
- Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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142
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Li JH, Li SY, Shen MX, Qiu RZ, Fan HW, Li YB. Anti-tumor effects of Solanum nigrum L. extraction on C6 high-grade glioma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114034. [PMID: 33746002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumor effects, has been used in cancer for centuries, but the role on high-grade gliomas (HGG) is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of SN extract on rat C6 glioma in vitro and in vivo, providing a new medium for the treatment of HGG. MATERIALS AND METHODS After identification and quality inspection of SN medicinal materials by HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC, CCK8 and colony formation assay were conducted to study the effects of SN on vitality and proliferation of C6 cells. Cell morphology was evaluated by HE staining, and flow cytometry was used for apoptosis analysis. The effects on cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell and wound healing assay. Western blot was used to further investigate the influence of SN on migration, invasion and apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition, the rat intracranial transplanted tumor model was used to evaluate the effects of SN on growth and infiltration of tumor and proliferation of transplanted tumor cells. RESULTS SN extract suppressed the viability of C6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The extract attenuated cell cloning, migration and invasion, and induced cell Annexin V+ PI+ late-stage apoptosis. Besides, SN induced the expression of apoptotic proteins including Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3, downregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased the level of migratory proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, SN reduced the growth and infiltration of C6 glioma tissue and suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells in rat brain. CONCLUSIONS SN extract has significant inhibitory activity on the growth and invasion of C6 HGG in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Song-Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Ming-Xue Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Run-Ze Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Hong-Wei Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China.
| | - Ying-Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China.
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Rosińska S, Gavard J. Tumor Vessels Fuel the Fire in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6514. [PMID: 34204510 PMCID: PMC8235363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a subset of aggressive brain tumors, deploy several means to increase blood vessel supply dedicated to the tumor mass. This includes typical program borrowed from embryonic development, such as vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis, as well as unconventional processes, including co-option, vascular mimicry, and transdifferentiation, in which tumor cells are pro-actively engaged. However, these neo-generated vascular networks are morphologically and functionally abnormal, suggesting that the vascularization processes are rather inefficient in the tumor ecosystem. In this review, we reiterate the specificities of each neovascularization modality in glioblastoma, and, how they can be hampered mechanistically in the perspective of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosińska
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Julie Gavard
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Integrated Center for Oncology, ICO, 44800 St. Herblain, France
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Cao C, He K, Li S, Ge Q, Liu L, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang X, Sun X, Ding L. ITPRIP promotes glioma progression by linking MYL9 to DAPK1 inhibition. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110062. [PMID: 34111521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic gene silencing of the tumor suppressor death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is implicated in the progression of malignant gliomas. However, the mechanism underlying the repression of DAPK1 in gliomas remains elusive. In this study, we identified the existence of DAPK1-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-interacting protein (ITPRIP) -myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 (MYL9) complex in malignant glioma cells. Lentivirus co-infection and coimmunoprecipitation showed that ITPRIP bound with the death domain (DD) of DAPK1 in vitro. Further, dissociating ITPRIP-DAPK1 interaction inhibited glioma tumor growth in vitro but not in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of ITPRIP or DAPK1 impaired the ternary complex formation, whereas MYL9 knockdown did not affect ITPRIP-DAPK1 association. We further found that ITPRIP recruited MYL9 to the kinase domain (KD) of DAPK1, and in turn impeded the phosphorylation of MYL9. Accordingly, interference of ITPRIP enhanced the suppressive effects of DAPK1-KD on glioma progression both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that ITPRIP plays a crucial role in the inhibition of DAPK1 and enhancement of tumorigenic properties of malignant glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Kang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Shaoxun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian 223300, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang F, Xiong N, Xu H, Chai S, Wang H, Wang J, Zhao H, Jiang X, Fu P, Xiang W. Remodelling and Treatment of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Glioma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4217-4232. [PMID: 34079374 PMCID: PMC8166259 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s288720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an essential structure of the central nervous system (CNS), and its existence makes the local internal environment of the CNS a relatively independent structure distinct from other internal environments of the human body to ensure normal physiological and high stability of activities of the CNS. Changes in BBB structure and function are fundamental to the pathophysiology of many diseases. The occurrence and development of glioma are often accompanied by a series of changes in the structure and function of the internal environment, the most significant of which is remodelling of the BBB. The remodelling of the BBB usually leads to changes in the permeability of local microvessels, which provide certain favourable conditions for the occurrence and development of glioma. Meanwhile, the newly generated abnormal blood vessels and the remaining intact regions of the BBB also hinder the effects of drug treatments. Changes in permeability and structural function often lead to the creation of abnormally functioning vascular regions, which pose further treatment challenges. At present, therapeutic methods for glioma have not achieved satisfactory effects in clinical practice, and emerging therapeutic methods have not yet been widely used in clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of remodelling of the BBB in the glioma environment, the type of changes that occur, and current BBB treatment methods and prospects for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangcheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanxiang Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Songshan Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
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146
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Patel B, Yang PH, Kim AH. The effect of thermal therapy on the blood-brain barrier and blood-tumor barrier. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:35-43. [PMID: 32672118 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1783461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers represent highly specialized structures responsible for tight regulation of molecular transit into the central nervous system. Under normal circumstances, the relative impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from circulating toxins and contributes to a brain microenvironment necessary for optimal neuronal function. However, in the context of tumors and other diseases of central nervous system, the BBB and the more recently appreciated blood-tumor barrier (BTB) represent barriers that prevent effective drug delivery. Overcoming both barriers to optimize treatment of central nervous system diseases remains the subject of intense scientific investigation. Although many newer technologies have been developed to overcome these barriers, thermal therapy, which dates back to the 1890 s, has been known to disrupt the BBB since at least the early 1980s. Recently, as a result of several technological advances, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), a method of delivering targeted thermal therapy, has gained widespread use as a surgical technique to ablate brain tumors. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that laser ablation may also increase local BBB/BTB permeability after treatment. We herein review the structure and function of the BBB and BTB and the impact of thermal injury, including LITT, on barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvic Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter H Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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147
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Collet S, Guillamo JS, Berro DH, Chakhoyan A, Constans JM, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Derlon JM, Hatt M, Visvikis D, Guillouet S, Perrio C, Bernaudin M, Valable S. Simultaneous Mapping of Vasculature, Hypoxia, and Proliferation Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI, 18F-FMISO PET, and 18F-FLT PET in Relation to Contrast Enhancement in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1349-1356. [PMID: 34016725 PMCID: PMC8724903 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional MRI plays a key role in the management of patients with high-grade glioma, but multiparametric MRI and PET tracers could provide further information to better characterize tumor metabolism and heterogeneity by identifying regions having a high risk of recurrence. In this study, we focused on proliferation, hypervascularization, and hypoxia, all factors considered indicative of poor prognosis. They were assessed by measuring uptake of 18F-3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps, and uptake of 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO), respectively. For each modality, the volumes and high-uptake subvolumes (hot spots) were semiautomatically segmented and compared with the contrast enhancement (CE) volume on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced (T1w-Gd) images, commonly used in the management of patients with glioblastoma. Methods: Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI (31 patients), 18F-FLT PET (20 patients), or 18F-FMISO PET (20 patients), for a total of 31 patients, was performed on preoperative glioblastoma patients. Volumes and hot spots were segmented on SUV maps for 18F-FLT PET (using the fuzzy locally adaptive bayesian algorithm) and 18F-FMISO PET (using a mean contralateral image + 3.3 SDs) and on rCBV maps (using a mean contralateral image + 1.96 SDs) for dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI and overlaid on T1w-Gd images. For each modality, the percentages of the peripheral volumes and the peripheral hot spots outside the CE volume were calculated. Results: All tumors showed highly proliferated, hypervascularized, and hypoxic regions. The images also showed pronounced heterogeneity of both tracers regarding their uptake and rCBV maps, within each individual patient. Overlaid volumes on T1w-Gd images showed that some proliferative, hypervascularized, and hypoxic regions extended beyond the CE volume but with marked differences between patients. The ranges of peripheral volume outside the CE volume were 1.6%–155.5%, 1.5%–89.5%, and 3.1%–78.0% for 18F-FLT, rCBV, and 18F-FMISO, respectively. All patients had hyperproliferative hot spots outside the CE volume, whereas hypervascularized and hypoxic hot spots were detected mainly within the enhancing region. Conclusion: Spatial analysis of multiparametric maps with segmented volumes and hot spots provides valuable information to optimize the management and treatment of patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Collet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Radiophysics Department, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Guillamo
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - David Hassanein Berro
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Ararat Chakhoyan
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Constans
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuèle Lechapt-Zalcman
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Derlon
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Mathieu Hatt
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, University of Brest, Brest, France; and
| | | | - Stéphane Guillouet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France;
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148
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Ruan S, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Gao H. Rethinking CRITID Procedure of Brain Targeting Drug Delivery: Circulation, Blood Brain Barrier Recognition, Intracellular Transport, Diseased Cell Targeting, Internalization, and Drug Release. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004025. [PMID: 33977060 PMCID: PMC8097396 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great progress in nanoparticle (NP)-based brain-targeting drug delivery systems, while their therapeutic potentials are yet to be fully exploited given that the majority of them are lost during the delivery process. Rational design of brain-targeting drug delivery systems requires a deep understanding of the entire delivery process along with the issues that they may encounter. Herein, this review first analyzes the typical delivery process of a systemically administrated NPs-based brain-targeting drug delivery system and proposes a six-step CRITID delivery cascade: circulation in systemic blood, recognizing receptor on blood-brain barrier (BBB), intracellular transport, diseased cell targeting after entering into parenchyma, internalization by diseased cells, and finally intracellular drug release. By dissecting the entire delivery process into six steps, this review seeks to provide a deep understanding of the issues that may restrict the delivery efficiency of brain-targeting drug delivery systems as well as the specific requirements that may guarantee minimal loss at each step. Currently developed strategies used for troubleshooting these issues are reviewed and some state-of-the-art design features meeting these requirements are highlighted. The CRITID delivery cascade can serve as a guideline for designing more efficient and specific brain-targeting drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ruan
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of PharmaceuticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32610USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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149
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Stoecklein VM, Stoecklein S, Galiè F, Ren J, Schmutzer M, Unterrainer M, Albert NL, Kreth FW, Thon N, Liebig T, Ertl-Wagner B, Tonn JC, Liu H. Resting-state fMRI detects alterations in whole brain connectivity related to tumor biology in glioma patients. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1388-1398. [PMID: 32107555 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic infiltration of the brain by tumor cells is a hallmark of glioma pathogenesis which may cause disturbances in functional connectivity. We hypothesized that aggressive high-grade tumors cause more damage to functional connectivity than low-grade tumors. METHODS We designed an imaging tool based on resting-state functional (f)MRI to individually quantify abnormality of functional connectivity and tested it in a prospective cohort of patients with newly diagnosed glioma. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were analyzed (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II, n = 13; grade III, n = 6; grade IV, n = 15; mean age, 48.7 y). Connectivity abnormality could be observed not only in the lesioned brain area but also in the contralateral hemisphere with a close correlation between connectivity abnormality and aggressiveness of the tumor as indicated by WHO grade. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status was also associated with abnormal connectivity, with more alterations in IDH1 wildtype tumors independent of tumor size. Finally, deficits in neuropsychological performance were correlated with connectivity abnormality. CONCLUSION Here, we suggested an individually applicable resting-state fMRI marker in glioma patients. Analysis of the functional connectome using this marker revealed that abnormalities of functional connectivity could be detected not only adjacent to the visible lesion but also in distant brain tissue, even in the contralesional hemisphere. These changes were associated with tumor biology and cognitive function. The ability of our novel method to capture tumor effects in nonlesional brain suggests a potential clinical value for both individualizing and monitoring glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit M Stoecklein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Galiè
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianxun Ren
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Schmutzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich-W Kreth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Thon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebig
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joerg-C Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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150
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Reddy S, Tatiparti K, Sau S, Iyer AK. Recent advances in nano delivery systems for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and targeting of brain tumors. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1944-1952. [PMID: 33865978 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas constitute about 80% of brain tumors and have a meager two-year survival rate. The treatment options available are very few because of poor prognosis and a lack of targeted nanodelivery systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-tumor barrier. This short review attempts to clarify the challenges for delivery systems designed to cross the BBB, and provides a brief description of the different types of targeted nanodelivery system that have shown potential for success in delivering drugs to the brain. Further, this review describes the most recent studies that have developed nanoparticles for brain delivery in the past five years. We also provide an insight into the most recent clinical trials designed to assess the efficacy of these nanodelivery systems for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Reddy
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Northville High School, Northville, MI 48168, USA
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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