101
|
Kim D, Kim TH, Wu G, Park BK, Ha JH, Kim YS, Lee K, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Extracellular Release of CD11b by TLR9 Stimulation in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150677. [PMID: 26954233 PMCID: PMC4783063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG-DNA upregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell surface markers. Investigators have shown that CD11b (integrin αM) regulates TLR-triggered inflammatory responses in the macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of CpG-DNA on the expression of CD11b in macrophages. There was no significant change in surface expression of CD11b after CpG-DNA stimulation. However, CD11b was released into culture supernatants after stimulation with phosphorothioate-backbone modified CpG-DNA such as PS-ODN CpG-DNA 1826(S). In contrast, MB-ODN 4531 and non-CpG-DNA control (regardless of backbone type and liposome-encapsulation) failed to induce release of CD11b. Therefore, the context of the CpG-DNA sequence and phosphorothioate backbone modification may regulate the effects of CpG-DNA on CD11b release. Based on inhibitor studies, CD11b release is mediated by p38 MAP kinase activation, but not by the PI3K and NF-κB activation. CD11b release is mediated by lysosomal degradation and by vacuolar acidification in response to CpG-DNA stimulation. The amount of CD11b in the exosome precipitant was significantly increased by CpG-DNA stimulation in vivo and in vitro depending on TLR9. Our observations perhaps give more insight into understanding of the mechanisms involved in CpG-DNA-induced immunomodulation in the innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Te Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Wu
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Ha
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Deng GM, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. Targeting Syk in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:78. [PMID: 27014261 PMCID: PMC4779881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a member of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, which associates directly with surface receptors, including B-cell receptor and Fcγ receptor, and is involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus are autoimmune diseases in which autoantibodies, immune complexes, and autoreactive T cells account for the expression of tissue inflammation and damage. Syk inhibitors efficiently suppress RA in patients albeit in the expression of unwanted side effects, including gastrointestinal effects, hypertension, and neutropenia. Syk inhibitors also inhibit clinical manifestations in lupus-prone mice. Here, we review the evidence that supports the use of Syk inhibitors to treat rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Ley K, Rivera-Nieves J, Sandborn WJ, Shattil S. Integrin-based therapeutics: biological basis, clinical use and new drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:173-83. [PMID: 26822833 PMCID: PMC4890615 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are activatable molecules that are involved in adhesion and signalling. Of the 24 known human integrins, 3 are currently targeted therapeutically by monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules: drugs targeting the platelet αIIbβ3 integrin are used to prevent thrombotic complications after percutaneous coronary interventions, and compounds targeting the lymphocyte α4β1 and α4β7 integrins have indications in multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. New antibodies and small molecules targeting β7 integrins (α4β7 and αEβ7 integrins) and their ligands are in clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Integrin-based therapeutics have shown clinically significant benefits in many patients, leading to continued medical interest in the further development of novel integrin inhibitors. Of note, almost all integrin antagonists in use or in late-stage clinical trials target either the ligand-binding site or the ligand itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, Califoria 92037, USA, and the Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Jesus Rivera-Nieves
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and the Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, Califoria 92037, USA, and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - William J Sandborn
- Immunology and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Sanford Shattil
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Lindau A, Härdtner C, Hergeth SP, Blanz KD, Dufner B, Hoppe N, Anto-Michel N, Kornemann J, Zou J, Gerhardt LMS, Heidt T, Willecke F, Geis S, Stachon P, Wolf D, Libby P, Swirski FK, Robbins CS, McPheat W, Hawley S, Braddock M, Gilsbach R, Hein L, von zur Mühlen C, Bode C, Zirlik A, Hilgendorf I. Atheroprotection through SYK inhibition fails in established disease when local macrophage proliferation dominates lesion progression. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:20. [PMID: 26891724 PMCID: PMC4759214 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages in the arterial intima sustain chronic inflammation during atherogenesis. Under hypercholesterolemic conditions murine Ly6Chigh monocytes surge in the blood and spleen, infiltrate nascent atherosclerotic plaques, and differentiate into macrophages that proliferate locally as disease progresses. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) may participate in downstream signaling of various receptors that mediate these processes. We tested the effect of the SYK inhibitor fostamatinib on hypercholesterolemia-associated myelopoiesis and plaque formation in Apoe−/− mice during early and established atherosclerosis. Mice consuming a high cholesterol diet supplemented with fostamatinib for 8 weeks developed less atherosclerosis. Histologic and flow cytometric analysis of aortic tissue showed that fostamatinib reduced the content of Ly6Chigh monocytes and macrophages. SYK inhibition limited Ly6Chigh monocytosis through interference with GM-CSF/IL-3 stimulated myelopoiesis, attenuated cell adhesion to the intimal surface, and blocked M-CSF stimulated monocyte to macrophage differentiation. In Apoe−/− mice with established atherosclerosis, however, fostamatinib treatment did not limit macrophage accumulation or lesion progression despite a significant reduction in blood monocyte counts, as lesional macrophages continued to proliferate. Thus, inhibition of hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis, monocyte infiltration, and differentiation by SYK antagonism attenuates early atherogenesis but not established disease when local macrophage proliferation dominates lesion progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lindau
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja P Hergeth
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kelly Daryll Blanz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Dufner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathaly Anto-Michel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kornemann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiadai Zou
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Louisa M S Gerhardt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Heidt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Willecke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Serjosha Geis
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Shaun Hawley
- AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von zur Mühlen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Rossaint J, Oehmichen J, Van Aken H, Reuter S, Pavenstädt HJ, Meersch M, Unruh M, Zarbock A. FGF23 signaling impairs neutrophil recruitment and host defense during CKD. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:962-74. [PMID: 26878171 DOI: 10.1172/jci83470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with impaired host response and increased susceptibility to infections. Leukocyte recruitment during inflammation must be tightly regulated to protect the host against pathogens. FGF23 levels are increased in blood during CKD, and levels of this hormone have been associated with a variety of adverse effects in CKD patients. Here, we have shown that CKD impairs leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissue and host defense in mice and humans. FGF23 neutralization during CKD in murine models restored leukocyte recruitment and host defense. Intravital microscopy of animals with chronic kidney failure showed that FGF23 inhibits chemokine-activated leukocyte arrest on the endothelium, and downregulation of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) on PMNs rescued host defense in these mice. In vitro, FGF23 inhibited PMN adhesion, arrest under flow, and transendothelial migration. Mechanistically, FGF23 binding to FGFR2 counteracted selectin- and chemokine-triggered β2 integrin activation on PMNs by activating protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibiting activation of the small GTPase Rap1. Moreover, knockdown of PKA abolished the inhibitory effect of FGF23 on integrin activation. Together, our data reveal that FGF23 acts directly on PMNs and dampens host defense by direct interference with chemokine signaling and integrin activation.
Collapse
|
106
|
Qin Z, Robichaud P, Quan T. Oxidative stress and CCN1 protein in human skin connective tissue aging. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.2.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
107
|
Osicka R, Osickova A, Hasan S, Bumba L, Cerny J, Sebo P. Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin is a unique ligand of the integrin complement receptor 3. eLife 2015; 4:e10766. [PMID: 26650353 PMCID: PMC4755762 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface adhesion and signaling receptors that are essential for metazoan existence. Some integrins contain an I-domain that is a major ligand binding site. The ligands preferentially engage the active forms of the integrins and trigger signaling cascades that alter numerous cell functions. Here we found that the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), a key virulence factor of the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis, preferentially binds an inactive form of the integrin complement receptor 3 (CR3), using a site outside of its I-domain. CyaA binding did not trigger downstream signaling of CR3 in human monocytes and CyaA-catalyzed elevation of cAMP effectively blocked CR3 signaling initiated by a natural ligand. This unprecedented type of integrin-ligand interaction distinguishes CyaA from all other known ligands of the I-domain-containing integrins and provides a mechanistic insight into the previously observed central role of CyaA in the pathogenesis of B. pertussis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shakir Hasan
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Derer S, Cossham M, Rösner T, Kellner C, Beurskens FJ, Schwanbeck R, Lohse S, Sina C, Peipp M, Valerius T. A Complement-Optimized EGFR Antibody Improves Cytotoxic Functions of Polymorphonuclear Cells against Tumor Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5077-87. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
109
|
Ghosh S, Geahlen RL. Stress Granules Modulate SYK to Cause Microglial Cell Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1785-98. [PMID: 26870803 PMCID: PMC4740304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells in the brains of Alzheimer's patients are known to be recruited to amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques where they exhibit an activated phenotype, but are defective for plaque removal by phagocytosis. In this study, we show that microglia stressed by exposure to sodium arsenite or Aβ(1–42) peptides or fibrils form extensive stress granules (SGs) to which the tyrosine kinase, SYK, is recruited. SYK enhances the formation of SGs, is active within the resulting SGs and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are toxic to neuronal cells. This sequestration of SYK inhibits the ability of microglial cells to phagocytose Escherichia coli or Aβ fibrils. We find that aged microglial cells are more susceptible to the formation of SGs; and SGs containing SYK and phosphotyrosine are prevalent in the brains of patients with severe Alzheimer's disease. Phagocytic activity can be restored to stressed microglial cells by treatment with IgG, suggesting a mechanism to explain the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous IgG. These studies describe a mechanism by which stress, including exposure to Aβ, compromises the function of microglial cells in Alzheimer's disease and suggest approaches to restore activity to dysfunctional microglial cells. Chronic stress promotes the formation of large, persistent stress granules in microglial cells. SYK is recruited to stress granules, which promotes inflammatory responses and inhibits phagocytosis. Phagocytic activity of stressed cells can be recovered by treatment with IgG.
Microglial cells in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease are activated, but are defective at phagocytosis of amyloid plaques. Activation and phagocytosis require the SYK tyrosine kinase. Chronic exposure to amyloid-beta promotes the formation of persistent stress granules to which active SYK binds and these are found in the brains of patients with severe Alzheimer's disease. This activation and sequestration of SYK promotes inflammation and inhibits phagocytosis. Phagocytic activity can be recovered by treatment with IgG, which causes a redistribution of SYK within the cell, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches to restoring microglial cell function to diseased or aged brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Yago T, Tsukamoto H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Thompson LF, McEver RP. Multi-Inhibitory Effects of A2A Adenosine Receptor Signaling on Neutrophil Adhesion Under Flow. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3880-9. [PMID: 26355151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) signaling negatively regulates inflammatory responses in many disease models, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. We used the selective A2AAR agonist, ATL313, to examine how A2AAR signaling affects human and murine neutrophil adhesion under flow. Treating neutrophils with ATL313 inhibited selectin-induced, β2 integrin-dependent slow rolling and chemokine-induced, β2 integrin-dependent arrest on ICAM-1. ATL313 inhibited selectin-induced β2 integrin extension, which supports slow rolling, and chemokine-induced hybrid domain "swing-out," which supports arrest. Furthermore, ATL313 inhibited integrin outside-in signaling as revealed by reduced neutrophil superoxide production and spreading on immobilized anti-β2 integrin Ab. ATL313 suppressed selectin-triggered activation of Src family kinases (SFKs) and p38 MAPK, chemokine-triggered activation of Ras-related protein 1, and β2 integrin-triggered activation of SFKs and Vav cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. ATL313 activated protein kinase A and its substrate C-terminal Src kinase, an inhibitor of SFKs. Treating neutrophils with a protein kinase A inhibitor blocked the actions of ATL313. In vivo, ATL313-treated neutrophils rolled faster and arrested much less frequently in postcapillary venules of the murine cremaster muscle after TNF-α challenge. Furthermore, ATL313 markedly suppressed neutrophil migration into the peritoneum challenged with thioglycollate. ATL313 did not affect A2AAR-deficient neutrophils, confirming its specificity. Our findings provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of A2AAR signaling and the potential utility of A2AAR agonists in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hiroki Tsukamoto
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Ying Wang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Linda F Thompson
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Yago T, Petrich BG, Zhang N, Liu Z, Shao B, Ginsberg MH, McEver RP. Blocking neutrophil integrin activation prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1267-81. [PMID: 26169939 PMCID: PMC4516797 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment, mediated by β2 integrins, combats pyogenic infections but also plays a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury and other inflammatory disorders. Talin induces allosteric rearrangements in integrins that increase affinity for ligands (activation). Talin also links integrins to actin and other proteins that enable formation of adhesions. Structural studies have identified a talin1 mutant (L325R) that perturbs activation without impairing talin's capacity to link integrins to actin and other proteins. Here, we found that mice engineered to express only talin1(L325R) in myeloid cells were protected from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dissection of neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo revealed that talin1(L325R) neutrophils had markedly impaired chemokine-induced, β2 integrin-mediated arrest, spreading, and migration. Surprisingly, talin1(L325R) neutrophils exhibited normal selectin-induced, β2 integrin-mediated slow rolling, in sharp contrast to the defective slow rolling of neutrophils lacking talin1 or expressing a talin1 mutant (W359A) that blocks talin interaction with integrins. These studies reveal the importance of talin-mediated activation of integrins for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. They further show that neutrophil arrest requires talin recruitment to and activation of integrins. However, although neutrophil slow rolling requires talin recruitment to integrins, talin-mediated integrin activation is dispensable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Brian G Petrich
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Abstract
The transcription factor Miz1 negatively regulates TNF-induced JNK activation and cell death by suppressing TRAF2 K63-polyubiquitination; upon TNF stimulation, the suppression is relieved by Mule/ARF-BP1-mediated Miz1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. It is not known how Mule is activated by TNF. Here we report that TNF activates Mule by inducing the dissociation of Mule from its inhibitor ARF. ARF binds to and thereby inhibits the E3 ligase activity of Mule in the steady state. TNF induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Mule, which subsequently dissociates from ARF and becomes activated. Inhibition of Mule phosphorylation by silencing of the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) prevents its dissociation from ARF, thereby inhibiting Mule E3 ligase activity and TNF-induced JNK activation and cell death. Our data provides a missing link in TNF signaling pathway that leads to JNK activation and cell death.
Collapse
|
113
|
Microglia Function in Central Nervous System Development and Plasticity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:a020545. [PMID: 26187728 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system comprises a remarkably diverse and complex network of different cell types, which must communicate with one another with speed, reliability, and precision. Thus, the developmental patterning and maintenance of these cell populations and their connections with one another pose a rather formidable task. Emerging data implicate microglia, the resident myeloid-derived cells of the central nervous system (CNS), in the spatial patterning and synaptic wiring throughout the healthy, developing, and adult CNS. Importantly, new tools to specifically manipulate microglia function have revealed that these cellular functions translate, on a systems level, to effects on overall behavior. In this review, we give a historical perspective of work to identify microglia function in the healthy CNS and highlight exciting new work in the field that has identified roles for these cells in CNS development, maintenance, and plasticity.
Collapse
|
114
|
Freeman SA, Grinstein S. Phagocytosis: receptors, signal integration, and the cytoskeleton. Immunol Rev 2015; 262:193-215. [PMID: 25319336 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a remarkably complex and versatile process: it contributes to innate immunity through the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, while also being central to tissue homeostasis and remodeling by clearing effete cells. The ability of phagocytes to perform such diverse functions rests, in large part, on their vast repertoire of receptors. In this review, we address the various receptor types, their mobility in the plane of the membrane, and two modes of receptor crosstalk: priming and synergy. A major section is devoted to the actin cytoskeleton, which not only governs receptor mobility and clustering but also is instrumental in particle engulfment. Four stages of the actin remodeling process are identified and discussed: (i) the 'resting' stage that precedes receptor engagement, (ii) the disruption of the cortical actin prior to formation of the phagocytic cup, (iii) the actin polymerization that propels pseudopod extension, and (iv) the termination of polymerization and removal of preassembled actin that are required for focal delivery of endomembranes and phagosomal sealing. These topics are viewed in the larger context of the differentiation and polarization of the phagocytic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Mócsai A, Walzog B, Lowell CA. Intracellular signalling during neutrophil recruitment. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:373-85. [PMID: 25998986 PMCID: PMC4502828 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of leucocytes such as neutrophils to the extravascular space is a critical step of the inflammation process and plays a major role in the development of various diseases including several cardiovascular diseases. Neutrophils themselves play a very active role in that process by sensing their environment and responding to the extracellular cues by adhesion and de-adhesion, cellular shape changes, chemotactic migration, and other effector functions of cell activation. Those responses are co-ordinated by a number of cell surface receptors and their complex intracellular signal transduction pathways. Here, we review neutrophil signal transduction processes critical for recruitment to the site of inflammation. The two key requirements for neutrophil recruitment are the establishment of appropriate chemoattractant gradients and the intrinsic ability of the cells to migrate along those gradients. We will first discuss signalling steps required for sensing extracellular chemoattractants such as chemokines and lipid mediators and the processes (e.g. PI3-kinase pathways) leading to the translation of extracellular chemoattractant gradients to polarized cellular responses. We will then discuss signal transduction by leucocyte adhesion receptors (e.g. tyrosine kinase pathways) which are critical for adhesion to, and migration through the vessel wall. Finally, additional neutrophil signalling pathways with an indirect effect on the neutrophil recruitment process, e.g. through modulation of the inflammatory environment, will be discussed. Mechanistic understanding of these pathways provide better understanding of the inflammation process and may point to novel therapeutic strategies for controlling excessive inflammation during infection or tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE 'Lendület' Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Wang E, Wang LC, Tsai CY, Bhoj V, Gershenson Z, Moon E, Newick K, Sun J, Lo A, Baradet T, Feldman MD, Barrett D, Puré E, Albelda S, Milone MC. Generation of Potent T-cell Immunotherapy for Cancer Using DAP12-Based, Multichain, Chimeric Immunoreceptors. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:815-26. [PMID: 25941351 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) bearing an antigen-binding domain linked in cis to the cytoplasmic domains of CD3ζ and costimulatory receptors have provided a potent method for engineering T-cell cytotoxicity toward B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, resistance to immunotherapy due to loss of T-cell effector function remains a significant barrier, especially in solid malignancies. We describe an alternative chimeric immunoreceptor design in which we have fused a single-chain variable fragment for antigen recognition to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of KIR2DS2, a stimulatory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR). We show that this simple, KIR-based CAR (KIR-CAR) triggers robust antigen-specific proliferation and effector function in vitro when introduced into human T cells with DAP12, an immunotyrosine-based activation motifs-containing adaptor. T cells modified to express a KIR-CAR and DAP12 exhibit superior antitumor activity compared with standard first- and second-generation CD3ζ-based CARs in a xenograft model of mesothelioma highly resistant to immunotherapy. The enhanced antitumor activity is associated with improved retention of chimeric immunoreceptor expression and improved effector function of isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. These results support the exploration of KIR-CARs for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy, particularly in immunotherapy-resistant solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enxiu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liang-Chuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vijay Bhoj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zack Gershenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edmund Moon
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kheng Newick
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Albert Lo
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy Baradet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Barrett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael C Milone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Xing J, Titus AR, Humphrey MB. The TREM2-DAP12 signaling pathway in Nasu-Hakola disease: a molecular genetics perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:89-100. [PMID: 26478868 PMCID: PMC4605443 DOI: 10.2147/rrbc.s58057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nasu–Hakola disease or polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL) is a rare recessively inherited disease that is associated with early dementia and bone cysts with fractures. Here, we review the genetic causes of PLOSL with loss-of-function mutations or deletions in one of two genes, TYROBP and TREM2, encoding for two proteins DNAX-activating protein 12 (DAP12) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2). TREM2 and DAP12 form an immunoreceptor signaling complex that mediates myeloid cell, including microglia and osteoclasts, development, activation, and function. Functionally, TREM2-DAP12 mediates osteoclast multi-nucleation, migration, and resorption. In microglia, TREM2-DAP12 participates in recognition and apoptosis of neuronal debris and amyloid deposits. Review of the complex immunoregulatory roles of TREM2-DAP12 in the innate immune system, where it can both promote and inhibit pro-inflammatory responses, is given. Little is known about the function of TREM2-DAP12 in normal brain homeostasis or in pathological central nervous system diseases. Based on the state of the field, genetic testing now aids in diagnosis of PLOSL, but therapeutics and interventions are still under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xing
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Department of Microbiology and immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amanda R Titus
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Department of Microbiology and immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Department of veteran's Affairs, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Spahn JH, Li W, Bribriesco AC, Liu J, Shen H, Ibricevic A, Pan JH, Zinselmeyer BH, Brody SL, Goldstein DR, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Miller MJ, Kreisel D. DAP12 expression in lung macrophages mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting neutrophil extravasation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4039-48. [PMID: 25762783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical mediators of innate immune responses and contribute to tissue injury. However, immune pathways that regulate neutrophil recruitment to injured tissues during noninfectious inflammation remain poorly understood. DAP12 is a cell membrane-associated protein that is expressed in myeloid cells and can either augment or dampen innate inflammatory responses during infections. To elucidate the role of DAP12 in pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), we took advantage of a clinically relevant mouse model of transplant-mediated lung IRI. This technique allowed us to dissect the importance of DAP12 in tissue-resident cells and those that infiltrate injured tissue from the periphery during noninfectious inflammation. Macrophages in both mouse and human lungs that have been subjected to cold ischemic storage express DAP12. We found that donor, but not recipient, deficiency in DAP12 protected against pulmonary IRI. Analysis of the immune response showed that DAP12 promotes the survival of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages and contributes to local production of neutrophil chemoattractants. Intravital imaging demonstrated a transendothelial migration defect into DAP12-deficient lungs, which can be rescued by local administration of the neutrophil chemokine CXCL2. We have uncovered a previously unrecognized role for DAP12 expression in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages in mediating acute noninfectious tissue injury through regulation of neutrophil trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Spahn
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Jie-Hong Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mark J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Migration and Phagocytic Ability of Activated Microglia During Post-natal Development is Mediated by Calcium-Dependent Purinergic Signalling. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:944-954. [PMID: 25575683 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in synaptic pruning and controlled phagocytosis of neuronal cells during developmental stages. However, the mechanisms that regulate these functions are not completely understood. The present study was designed to investigate the role of purinergic signalling in microglial migration and phagocytic activity during post-natal brain development. One-day-old BALB/c mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or a purinergic analogue (2-methylthioladenosine-5'-diphosphate; 2MeSADP), intracerebroventrically (i.c.v.). Combined administration of LPS and 2MeSADP resulted in activation of microglia as evident from increased expression of ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1). Activated microglia showed increased expression of purinergic receptors (P2Y2, P2Y6 and P2Y12). LPS either alone or in combination with 2MeSADP induced the expression of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX-1) and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels along with MARCKS-related protein (MRP), which is an integral component of cell migration machinery. In addition, LPS and 2MeSADP administration induced the expression of microglial CD11b and DAP12 (DNAX-activation protein 12), which are known to be involved in phagocytosis of neurons during development. Interestingly, administration of thapsigargin (TG), a specific Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum, prevented the LPS/2MeSADP-induced microglial activation and migration by down-regulating the expression of Iba1 and MRP, respectively. Moreover, TG also reduced the LPS/2MeSADP-induced expression of CD11b/DAP12. Taken together, the findings reveal for the first time that Ca(2+)-mediated purinergic receptors regulate the migration and phagocytic ability of microglia during post-natal brain development.
Collapse
|
120
|
Abstract
Neutrophils play critical roles in innate immunity and host defense. However, excessive neutrophil accumulation or hyper-responsiveness of neutrophils can be detrimental to the host system. Thus, the response of neutrophils to inflammatory stimuli needs to be tightly controlled. Many cellular processes in neutrophils are mediated by localized formation of an inositol phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), at the plasma membrane. The PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signaling pathway is negatively regulated by lipid phosphatases and inositol phosphates, which consequently play a critical role in controlling neutrophil function and would be expected to act as ideal therapeutic targets for enhancing or suppressing innate immune responses. Here, we comprehensively review current understanding about the action of lipid phosphatases and inositol phosphates in the control of neutrophil function in infection and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Subhanjan Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Alexander JJ, Chaves LD, Chang A, Jacob A, Ritchie M, Quigg RJ. CD11b is protective in complement-mediated immune complex glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2015; 87:930-9. [PMID: 25565310 PMCID: PMC4424815 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In chronic serum sickness, glomerular immune complexes form, yet C57BL/6 mice do not develop glomerulonephritis unless complement factor H (CfH) is absent, indicating the relevance of complement regulation. Complement receptor 3 (CD11b) and Fcγ receptors on leukocytes, and CfH on platelets, can bind immune complexes. Here we induced immune complex–mediated glomerulonephritis in CfH−/− mice chimeric for wild-type, CfH−/−, CD11b−/−, or FcRγ−/− bone marrow stem cells. Glomerulonephritis was worse in CD11b−/− chimeras compared with all others, whereas disease in FcRγ−/− and wild-type chimeras was comparable. Disease tracked strongly with humoral immune responses, but not glomerular immune complex deposits. Interstitial inflammation with M1 macrophages strongly correlated with glomerulonephritis scores. CD11b−/− chimeras had significantly more M1 macrophages and CD4+ T cells. The renal dendritic cell populations originating from bone marrow–derived CD11c+ cells were similar in all experimental groups. CD11b+ cells bearing colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor were present in kidneys, including CD11b−/− chimeras; these cells correlated negatively with glomerulonephritis scores. Thus, experimental immune complex–mediated glomerulonephritis is associated with accumulation of M1 macrophages and CD4+ T cells in kidneys and functional renal insufficiency. Hence, CD11b on mononuclear cells is instrumental in generating an anti-inflammatory response in the inflamed kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy J Alexander
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lee D Chaves
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Maria Ritchie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Bourgne C, Janel A, Berger J, Rapatel C, Tournilhac O, Hermet E, Guerci A, Lioret F, Briançon A, Bamdad M, Boiret-Dupré N, Berger MG. Phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase at tyrosine 348 (pSyk³⁴⁸) may be a marker of advanced phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Leuk Res 2014; 39:329-34. [PMID: 25612940 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated Syk as a potential marker of CML progression. We observed a significant over-expression of Syk mRNA and constitutive phosphorylation of Syk Y348 in blast cells from six AP or BP-CML, but not in 15 CML in chronic phase. We could follow in vivo the recurrence of pSyk(348) throughout blast cell escape, despite observing storage of dasatinib in blast cells. A combination of dasatinib and R406 did not improve therapeutic efficacy in vitro. Our results strongly suggest that Syk activation could be a relevant biomarker of disease progression and dasatinib resistance but is probably not a molecular target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bourgne
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Alexandre Janel
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Juliette Berger
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Chantal Rapatel
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Olivier Tournilhac
- Hématologie Clinique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Eric Hermet
- Hématologie Clinique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Agnès Guerci
- Hématologie et Médecine Interne, CHU Brabois, Rue Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frédérique Lioret
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Aurélie Briançon
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Mahchid Bamdad
- Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement (LMGE) - UMR CNRS 6023, Université Blaise Pascal, UFR Sciences et Technologies, 24, avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Boiret-Dupré
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Marc G Berger
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Mitroulis I, Alexaki VI, Kourtzelis I, Ziogas A, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Leukocyte integrins: role in leukocyte recruitment and as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:123-135. [PMID: 25448040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection or sterile inflammation triggers site-specific attraction of leukocytes. Leukocyte recruitment is a process comprising several steps orchestrated by adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines and endogenous regulatory molecules. Distinct adhesive interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes and signaling mechanisms contribute to the temporal and spatial fine-tuning of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Central players in the leukocyte adhesion cascade include the leukocyte adhesion receptors of the β2-integrin family, such as the αLβ2 and αMβ2 integrins, or of the β1-integrin family, such as the α4β1-integrin. Given the central involvement of leukocyte recruitment in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the leukocyte adhesion cascade in general, and leukocyte integrins in particular, represent key therapeutic targets. In this context, the present review focuses on the role of leukocyte integrins in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Experimental evidence that has implicated leukocyte integrins as targets in animal models of inflammatory disorders, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bone loss and inflammatory bowel disease as well as preclinical and clinical therapeutic applications of antibodies that target leukocyte integrins in various inflammatory disorders are presented. Finally, we review recent findings on endogenous inhibitors that modify leukocyte integrin function, which could emerge as promising therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasileia I Alexaki
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanassios Ziogas
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Signaling pathways activated by a protease allergen in basophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4963-71. [PMID: 25369937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418959111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent a significant burden in industrialized countries, but why and how the immune system responds to allergens remain largely unknown. Because many clinically significant allergens have proteolytic activity, and many helminths express proteases that are necessary for their life cycles, host mechanisms likely have evolved to detect the proteolytic activity of helminth proteases, which may be incidentally activated by protease allergens. A cysteine protease, papain, is a prototypic protease allergen that can directly activate basophils and mast cells, leading to the production of cytokines, including IL-4, characteristic of the type 2 immune response. The mechanism of papain's immunogenic activity remains unknown. Here we have characterized the cellular response activated by papain in basophils. We find that papain-induced IL-4 production requires calcium flux and activation of PI3K and nuclear factor of activated T cells. Interestingly, papain-induced IL-4 production was dependent on the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) adaptor protein Fc receptor γ-chain, even though the canonical ITAM signaling was not activated by papain. Collectively, these data characterize the downstream signaling pathway activated by a protease allergen in basophils.
Collapse
|
125
|
Krisenko MO, Geahlen RL. Calling in SYK: SYK's dual role as a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:254-63. [PMID: 25447675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) is well-characterized in the immune system as an essential enzyme required for signaling through multiple classes of immune recognition receptors. As a modulator of tumorigenesis, SYK has a bit of a schizophrenic reputation, acting in some cells as a tumor promoter and in others as a tumor suppressor. In many hematopoietic malignancies, SYK provides an important survival function and its inhibition or silencing frequently leads to apoptosis. In cancers of non-immune cells, SYK provides a pro-survival signal, but can also suppress tumorigenesis by restricting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, enhancing cell-cell interactions and inhibiting migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya O Krisenko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Boross P, van Montfoort N, Stapels DAC, van der Poel CE, Bertens C, Meeldijk J, Jansen JHM, Verbeek JS, Ossendorp F, Wubbolts R, Leusen JHW. FcRγ-chain ITAM signaling is critically required for cross-presentation of soluble antibody-antigen complexes by dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5506-14. [PMID: 25355925 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of Ag-Ab immune complexes (IC) after the ligation of activating FcγR on dendritic cells (DC) leads to 100 times more efficient Ag presentation than the uptake of free Ags. FcγRs were reported to facilitate IC uptake and simultaneously induce cellular activation that drives DC maturation and mediates efficient T cell activation. Activating FcγRs elicit intracellular signaling via the ITAM domain of the associated FcRγ-chain. Studies with FcRγ-chain knockout (FcRγ(-/-)) mice reported FcRγ-chain ITAM signaling to be responsible for enhancing both IC uptake and DC maturation. However, FcRγ-chain is also required for surface expression of activating FcγRs, hampering the dissection of ITAM-dependent and independent FcγR functions in FcRγ(-/-) DCs. In this work, we studied the role of FcRγ-chain ITAM signaling using DCs from NOTAM mice that express normal surface levels of activating FcγR, but lack functional ITAM signaling. IC uptake by bone marrow-derived NOTAM DCs was reduced compared with wild-type DCs, but was not completely absent as in FcRγ(-/-) DCs. In NOTAM DCs, despite the uptake of ICs, both MHC class I and MHC class II Ag presentation was completely abrogated similar to FcRγ(-/-) DCs. Secretion of cytokines, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, and Ag degradation were abrogated in NOTAM DCs in response to FcγR ligation. Cross-presentation using splenic NOTAM DCs and prolonged incubation with OVA-IC was also abrogated. Interestingly, in this setup, proliferation of CD4(+) OT-II cells was induced by NOTAM DCs. We conclude that FcRγ-chain ITAM signaling facilitates IC uptake and is essentially required for cross-presentation, but not for MHC class II Ag presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Boross
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine van Montfoort
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne A C Stapels
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cees E van der Poel
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Bertens
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Meeldijk
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Wubbolts
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
The N-terminal SH2 domain of Syk is required for (hem)ITAM, but not integrin, signaling in mouse platelets. Blood 2014; 125:144-54. [PMID: 25352128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-579375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a novel knockin mouse to investigate the effect of disruption of phosphotyrosine binding of the N-terminal SH2 domain of Syk on platelet activation by GPVI, CLEC-2, and integrin αIIbβ3. The Syk(R41Afl/fl) mouse was crossed to a PF4-Cre(+) mouse to induce expression of the Syk mutant in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage. Syk(R41Afl/fl;PF4-Cre) mice are born at approximately 50% of the expected frequency and have a similar phenotype to Syk(fl/fl;PF4-Cre) mice, including blood-lymphatic mixing and chyloascites. Anastomosis of the venous and lymphatic vasculatures can be seen in the mesenteric circulation accounting for rapid and continuous mixing of the 2 vasculatures. Platelet activation by CLEC-2 and GPVI is abolished in Syk(R41Afl/fl;PF4-Cre) platelets. Syk phosphorylation on Tyr519/20 is blocked in CLEC-2-stimulated platelets, suggesting a model in which binding of Syk via its N-terminal SH2 domain regulates autophosphorylation. In contrast, outside-in signaling by integrin αIIbβ3 is not altered, but it is inhibited in the presence of inhibitors of Src and Syk tyrosine kinases. These results demonstrate that αIIbβ3 regulates Syk through an ITAM-independent pathway in mice and provide novel insight into the course of events underlying Syk activation and hemITAM phosphorylation by CLEC-2.
Collapse
|
128
|
Kovács M, Németh T, Jakus Z, Sitaru C, Simon E, Futosi K, Botz B, Helyes Z, Lowell CA, Mócsai A. The Src family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are critical for the generation of the in vivo inflammatory environment without a direct role in leukocyte recruitment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1993-2011. [PMID: 25225462 PMCID: PMC4172222 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kovács et al. examine the role of the Src family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn in immune cell–mediated inflammation. Using arthritis and skin inflammation models, the authors show that mice lacking hematopoietic Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are protected from these inflammatory diseases, showing loss of myeloid cell recruitment and lack of inflammatory mediator production. Unexpectedly, the three kinases are dispensable for the intrinsic migratory ability of myeloid cells. These finding may have clinical implications in rheumatic and skin diseases. Although Src family kinases participate in leukocyte function in vitro, such as integrin signal transduction, their role in inflammation in vivo is poorly understood. We show that Src family kinases play a critical role in myeloid cell–mediated in vivo inflammatory reactions. Mice lacking the Src family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn in the hematopoietic compartment were completely protected from autoantibody-induced arthritis and skin blistering disease, as well as from the reverse passive Arthus reaction, with functional overlap between the three kinases. Though the overall phenotype resembled the leukocyte recruitment defect observed in β2 integrin–deficient (CD18−/−) mice, Hck−/−Fgr−/−Lyn−/− neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages had no cell-autonomous in vivo or in vitro migration defect. Instead, Src family kinases were required for the generation of the inflammatory environment in vivo and for the release of proinflammatory mediators from neutrophils and macrophages in vitro, likely due to their role in Fcγ receptor signal transduction. Our results suggest that infiltrating myeloid cells release proinflammatory chemokine, cytokine, and lipid mediators that attract further neutrophils and monocytes from the circulation in a CD18-dependent manner. Src family kinases are required for the generation of the inflammatory environment but not for the intrinsic migratory ability of myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cassian Sitaru
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Freiburg and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edina Simon
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, and János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, and MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Hemmati M, Seghatoleslam A, Rasti M, Ebadat S, Naghibalhossaini F, Mostafavi-Pour Z. Additive effect of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 protein and ESAT-6/CFP-10 fusion protein in adhesion of macrophages through fibronectin receptors. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:249-56. [PMID: 25081983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Tuberculous granulomas are the sites of interaction between the T cells, macrophages, and extracellular matrix (ECM) to control the infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). A predominant role of RD-1-encoded secretory proteins, early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6), and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in the formation of granulomas has recently been emphasized. However, the precise molecular events that induce the formation of these granulomatous structures are yet to be elucidated. Macrophages use integrins to adhere to fibronectin (FN) as a major component of the ECM. The major goal of this study was to investigate whether recombinant M. tuberculosis antigens can modulate integrin-mediated macrophage adhesion. METHODS Differentiated THP-1 cell line was stimulated with recombinant ESAT-6, CFP-10, and ESAT-6/CFP-10 proteins and evaluated for alterations in the expression levels of α5β1 and α4β1 by semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The role of these recombinant antigens in the cytoskeleton rearrangement was determined by adhesion assay and immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Our data showed that ESAT-6 and ESAT-6/CFP-10 fusion proteins could induce adhesion of macrophages to FN through α4β1 integrin. An increased expression level of α4β1 integrin in comparison with α5β1 integrin in differentiated THP-1 cells was also observed. Results of immunofluorescence studies showed that recombinant proteins-treated THP-1 cells form well-organized stress fibers and focal contacts containing vinculin compared with untreated THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Increased expression level of α4β1 in differentiated THP-1 cells could suggest the important role of α4β1 integrin in adhesion and focal contact formation of macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hemmati
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Atefeh Seghatoleslam
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Histomorphometry and Steriology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ebadat
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Ma J, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. TYROBP in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:820-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
131
|
Geahlen RL. Getting Syk: spleen tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:414-22. [PMID: 24975478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase well known for its ability to couple immune cell receptors to intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular responses to extracellular antigens and antigen-immunoglobulin (Ig) complexes of particular importance to the initiation of inflammatory responses. Thus, Syk is an attractive target for therapeutic kinase inhibitors designed to ameliorate the symptoms and consequences of acute and chronic inflammation. Its more recently recognized role as a promoter of cell survival in numerous cancer cell types ranging from leukemia to retinoblastoma has attracted considerable interest as a target for a new generation of anticancer drugs. This review discusses the biological processes in which Syk participates that have made this kinase such a compelling drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, 210 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Functional roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:270302. [PMID: 25045209 PMCID: PMC4090447 DOI: 10.1155/2014/270302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a series of complex biological responses to protect the host from pathogen invasion. Chronic inflammation is considered a major cause of diseases, such as various types of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and cancers. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was initially found to be highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has been known to play crucial roles in adaptive immune responses. However, recent studies have reported that Syk is also involved in other biological functions, especially in innate immune responses. Although Syk has been extensively studied in adaptive immune responses, numerous studies have recently presented evidence that Syk has critical functions in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and is closely related to innate immune response. This review describes the characteristics of Syk-mediated signaling pathways, summarizes the recent findings supporting the crucial roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and diseases, and discusses Syk-targeted drug development for the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
133
|
Synchronized integrin engagement and chemokine activation is crucial in neutrophil extracellular trap–mediated sterile inflammation. Blood 2014; 123:2573-84. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-516484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Key PointsNET formation is required for neutrophil recruitment during sterile inflammation. Platelet-induced NET formation requires stimulation of neutrophils by platelet chemokines and outside-in signaling via the integrin Mac-1.
Collapse
|
134
|
Kuehn C, Vermette P, Fülöp T. Cross talk between the extracellular matrix and the immune system in the context of endocrine pancreatic islet transplantation. A review article. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
135
|
Loss of CD11b exacerbates murine complement-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92051. [PMID: 24632830 PMCID: PMC3954915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute complement activation occurs in the tubulointerstitium (TI) of kidneys transplanted from Crry−/−C3−/− mice into complement-sufficient wildtype mice, followed by marked inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis. We postulated iC3b-CD11b interactions were critical in this TI nephritis model. We transplanted Crry−/−C3−/− mouse kidneys into CD11b−/− and wildtype C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, there was greater inflammation in Crry−/−C3−/− kidneys in CD11b−/− recipients compared to those in wildtype hosts. Kidneys in CD11b−/− recipients had large numbers of CD11b−Ly6ChiCCR2hiF4/80+ cells consistent with inflammatory (M1) macrophages recruited from circulating monocytes of the host CD11b−/− animal. There was also an expanded population of CD11b+CD11c+Ly6C−F4/80hi cells. Since these cells were CD11b+, they must have originated from the transplanted kidney; their surface protein expression and appearance within the kidney were consistent with the intrinsic renal mononuclear cellular population. These cells were markedly expanded relative to all relevant controls, including the contralateral donor kidney and Crry−/−C3−/− mouse kidneys in CD11b+/+ wildtype recipients. Direct evidence for their in situ proliferation was the presence of nuclear Ki67 and PCNA in CD11b+F4/80+ cells. Thus, in this experimental model in which there is unrestricted C3 activation, CD11b+ monocytes limit their own infiltration into the kidney and prevent proliferation of endogenous mononuclear cells. This suggests a role for outside-in iC3b-CD11b signals in limiting intrinsic organ inflammation.
Collapse
|
136
|
Reynolds G, Cooles FAH, Isaacs JD, Hilkens CMU. Emerging immunotherapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:822-37. [PMID: 24535556 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel treatments in development for rheumatoid arthritis target 3 broad areas: cytokines, cells, and signaling pathways. Therapies from each domain share common advantages (for example previously demonstrated efficacy, potential long-term immunomodulation, and oral administration respectively) that have stimulated research in each area but also common obstacles to their development. In this review recent progress in each area will be discussed alongside the factors that have impeded their path to clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Faye A H Cooles
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Cohen HC, Lieberthal TJ, Kao WJ. Poly(ethylene glycol)-containing hydrogels promote the release of primary granules from human blood-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4252-61. [PMID: 24497370 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are recruited to sites of injury and biomaterial implants. Once activated, PMNs can exocytose their granule subsets to recruit monocytes (MCs) and mediate MC/macrophage activation. We investigated the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a primary granule marker, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a tertiary granule marker, from human blood-derived PMNs cultured on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and gelatin-PEG (GP) hydrogels, with and without the presence of the bacterial peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. Supernatants from PMN cultures on PEG-containing hydrogels (i.e., PEG and GP hydrogels) had higher concentrations of MPO than those from PMN cultures on PDMS or TCPS at 2 h. PMNs on all biomaterials released comparable levels of MMP-9 at 2 h, indicating that PMNs cultured on PEG-containing hydrogels have different mechanisms of release for primary and tertiary granules. Src family kinases were involved in the release of MPO from PMNs cultured on PEG hydrogels, TCPS and GP hydrogels and in the release of MMP-9 from PMNs cultured on all four biomaterials. The increased release of primary granules from PMNs on PEG-containing hydrogels did not significantly increase MC chemotaxis, indicating that additional co-effectors in the dynamic inflammatory milieu in vivo modulate PMN-mediated MC recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Caitlin Cohen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
STIM1 calcium sensor is required for activation of the phagocyte oxidase during inflammation and host defense. Blood 2014; 123:2238-49. [PMID: 24493668 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-450403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) is a potent sensor of intracellular calcium, which in turn regulates entry of external calcium through plasma membrane channels to affect immune cell activation. Although the contribution of STIM1 to calcium signaling in lymphocytes has been well studied, the role of this protein in neutrophil-mediated inflammation and host defense is unknown. We report that STIM1-deficient murine neutrophils show loss of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in response to both soluble ligands that activate G-proteins as well as Fcγ-receptor or integrin ligation that activates tyrosine kinase signaling. This results in modest defects in phagocytosis and degranulation responses but a profound block in superoxide production by the phagocyte oxidase. We trace the primary intracellular target of calcium to be protein kinase C isoforms α and β (PKCα and PKCβ), which in turn phosphorylate subunits of the oxidase leading to superoxide production. In vivo the loss of SOCE in stim1(-/-) chimeric mice results in marked susceptibility to bacterial infections but also protection from tissue injury in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. These results demonstrate the critical role of STIM1-mediated SOCE and define major protein targets of calcium signaling in neutrophil activation during inflammatory disease.
Collapse
|
139
|
Ye F, Snider AK, Ginsberg MH. Talin and kindlin: the one-two punch in integrin activation. Front Med 2014; 8:6-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
140
|
Bose N, Wurst LR, Chan ASH, Dudney CM, LeRoux ML, Danielson ME, Will PM, Nodland SE, Patchen ML, Dalle Lucca JJ, Lebeda FJ, Vasilakos JP. Differential regulation of oxidative burst by distinct β-glucan-binding receptors and signaling pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Glycobiology 2014; 24:379-91. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
141
|
Corty MM, Freeman MR. Cell biology in neuroscience: Architects in neural circuit design: glia control neuron numbers and connectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 203:395-405. [PMID: 24217617 PMCID: PMC3824021 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glia serve many important functions in the mature nervous system. In addition, these diverse cells have emerged as essential participants in nearly all aspects of neural development. Improved techniques to study neurons in the absence of glia, and to visualize and manipulate glia in vivo, have greatly expanded our knowledge of glial biology and neuron-glia interactions during development. Exciting studies in the last decade have begun to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which glia exert control over neuronal circuit formation. Recent findings illustrate the importance of glial cells in shaping the nervous system by controlling the number and connectivity of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Corty
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Microglial CD33-related Siglec-E inhibits neurotoxicity by preventing the phagocytosis-associated oxidative burst. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18270-6. [PMID: 24227736 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2211-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins (Siglecs) are members of the Ig superfamily that recognize sialic acid residues of glycoproteins. Siglec-E is a mouse CD33-related Siglec that preferentially binds to sialic acid residues of the cellular glycocalyx. Here, we demonstrate gene transcription and protein expression of Siglec-E by cultured mouse microglia. Siglec-E on microglia inhibited phagocytosis of neural debris and prevented the production of superoxide radicals induced by challenge with neural debris. Soluble extracellular Siglec-E receptor protein bound to the neural glycocalyx. Coculture of mouse microglia and neurons demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of microglial Siglec-E that was dependent on neuronal sialic acid residues. Increased neurotoxicity of microglia after knockdown of Siglece mRNA was neutralized by the reactive oxygen species scavenger Trolox. Data suggest that Siglec-E recognizes the intact neuronal glycocalyx and has neuroprotective function by preventing phagocytosis and the associated oxidative burst.
Collapse
|
143
|
Futosi K, Fodor S, Mócsai A. Reprint of Neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1185-97. [PMID: 24263067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. Those include G-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoattractant receptors, Fc-receptors, adhesion receptors such as selectins/selectin ligands and integrins, various cytokine receptors, as well as innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors and C-type lectins. The various cell surface receptors trigger very diverse signal transduction pathways including activation of heterotrimeric and monomeric G-proteins, receptor-induced and store-operated Ca(2+) signals, protein and lipid kinases, adapter proteins and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Here we provide an overview of the receptors involved in neutrophil activation and the intracellular signal transduction processes they trigger. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how neutrophils participate in antimicrobial host defense and inflammatory tissue damage and may also point to possible future targets of the pharmacological therapy of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Uotila LM, Aatonen M, Gahmberg CG. Integrin CD11c/CD18 α-chain phosphorylation is functionally important. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33494-9. [PMID: 24129562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c113.497446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c/CD18 (αXβ2, p150/95, or complement receptor 4, CR4) is a monocyte/macrophage-enriched integrin that has been reported to bind to a variety of ligands. These include cell surface proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and soluble ligands. The regulation of ligand binding to CD11c/CD18 has remained poorly understood. Previous work has shown that both α-chain and β-chain phosphorylations of CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18 are needed for activity, but no corresponding studies on CD11c/CD18 have been performed. In this study, we have identified the phosphorylation site of CD11c as Ser-1158 and show that it is pivotal for adherence and phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Uotila
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Loss of DAP12 and FcRγ drives exaggerated IL-12 production and CD8(+) T cell response by CCR2(+) Mo-DCs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76145. [PMID: 24155889 PMCID: PMC3796521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dap12 and FcRγ, the two transmembrane ITAM-containing signaling adaptors expressed in dendritic cells (DC), are implicated in the regulation of DC function. Several activating and adhesion receptors including integrins require these chains for their function in triggering downstream signaling and effector pathways, however the exact role(s) for Dap12 and FcRγ remains elusive as their loss can lead to both attenuating and enhancing effects. Here, we report that mice congenitally lacking both Dap12 and FcRγ chains (DF) show a massively enhanced effector CD8+ T cell response to protein antigen immunization or West Nile Virus (WNV) infection. Thus, immunization of DF mice with MHCI-restricted OVA peptide leads to accumulation of IL-12-producing monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) in draining lymph nodes, followed by vastly enhanced generation of antigen-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells. Moreover, DF mice show increased viral clearance in the WNV infection model. Depletion of CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages in vivo by administration anti-CCR2 antibodies or clodronate liposomes completely prevents the exaggerated CD8+ T cell response in DF mice. Mechanistically, we show that the loss of Dap12 and FcRγ-mediated signals in Mo-DC leads to a disruption of GM-CSF receptor-induced STAT5 activation resulting in upregulation of expression of IRF8, a transcription factor. Consequently, Dap12- and FcRγ-deficiency exacerbates GM-CSF-driven monocyte differentiation and production of inflammatory Mo-DC. Our data suggest a novel cross-talk between DC-ITAM and GM-CSF signaling pathways, which controls Mo-DC differentiation, IL-12 production, and CD8+ T cell responses.
Collapse
|
146
|
Graham MT, Abram CL, Hu Y, Lowell CA. Expression of the TEL-Syk fusion protein in hematopoietic stem cells leads to rapidly fatal myelofibrosis in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77542. [PMID: 24116232 PMCID: PMC3792906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The TEL-Syk fusion protein was isolated from a patient with myelodysplasia with megakaryocyte blasts. Expression of TEL-Syk transforms interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent Ba/F3 cells in vitro by deregulating STAT5-mediated signal transduction pathways. In vivo, TEL-Syk expression in pre-B cells blocks B cell differentiation, leading to lymphoid leukemia. Here, we demonstrate that TEL-Syk introduced into fetal liver hematopoietic cells, which are then adoptively transferred into lethally irradiated recipients, leads to an aggressive myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis that is lethal in mice by 60–75 days. Expression of TEL-Syk induces a short-lived myeloexpansion that is rapidly followed by bone marrow failure and extreme splenic/hepatic fibrosis accompanied by extensive apoptosis. The disease is dependent on Syk kinase activity. Analysis of serum from TEL-Syk mice reveals an inflammatory cytokine signature reminiscent of that found in the sera from patients and mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms. TEL-Syk expressing cells showed constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation, which was resistant to JAK inhibition, consistent with deregulated cytokine signaling. These data indicate that expression of TEL-Syk in fetal liver hematopoietic cells results in JAK-independent STAT5 phosphorylation ultimately leading to a uniquely aggressive and lethal form of myelofibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Clare L. Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Mayadas TN, Cullere X, Lowell CA. The multifaceted functions of neutrophils. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2013; 9:181-218. [PMID: 24050624 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-164023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells are the major pathogen-fighting immune cells in organisms ranging from slime molds to mammals. Central to their function is their ability to be recruited to sites of infection, to recognize and phagocytose microbes, and then to kill pathogens through a combination of cytotoxic mechanisms. These include the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of antimicrobial peptides, and the recently discovered expulsion of their nuclear contents to form neutrophil extracellular traps. Here we discuss these primordial neutrophil functions, which also play key roles in tissue injury, by providing details of neutrophil cytotoxic functions and congenital disorders of neutrophils. In addition, we present more recent evidence that interactions between neutrophils and adaptive immune cells establish a feed-forward mechanism that amplifies pathologic inflammation. These newly appreciated contributions of neutrophils are described in the setting of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N Mayadas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 20115;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Futosi K, Fodor S, Mócsai A. Neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:638-50. [PMID: 23994464 PMCID: PMC3827506 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. Those include G-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoattractant receptors, Fc-receptors, adhesion receptors such as selectins/selectin ligands and integrins, various cytokine receptors, as well as innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors and C-type lectins. The various cell surface receptors trigger very diverse signal transduction pathways including activation of heterotrimeric and monomeric G-proteins, receptor-induced and store-operated Ca2 + signals, protein and lipid kinases, adapter proteins and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Here we provide an overview of the receptors involved in neutrophil activation and the intracellular signal transduction processes they trigger. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how neutrophils participate in antimicrobial host defense and inflammatory tissue damage and may also point to possible future targets of the pharmacological therapy of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils are crucial players in innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils also participate in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various neutrophil receptors recognize pathogens and the inflammatory environment. The various cell surface receptors trigger diverse intracellular signaling. Neutrophil receptors and signaling are potential targets in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabina Fodor
- Department of Computer Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37–47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary. Tel.: + 36 1 459 1500x60 409; fax: + 36 1 266 7480.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
van Bergenhenegouwen J, Plantinga TS, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Folkerts G, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Vos AP. TLR2 & Co: a critical analysis of the complex interactions between TLR2 and coreceptors. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:885-902. [PMID: 23990624 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TLRs play a major role in microbe-host interactions and innate immunity. Of the 10 functional TLRs described in humans, TLR2 is unique in its requirement to form heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6 for the initiation of signaling and cellular activation. The ligand specificity of TLR2 heterodimers has been studied extensively, using specific bacterial and synthetic lipoproteins to gain insight into the structure-function relationship, the minimal active motifs, and the critical dependence on TLR1 or TLR6 for activation. Different from that for specific well-defined TLR2 agonists, recognition of more complex ligands like intact microbes or molecules from endogenous origin requires TLR2 to interact with additional coreceptors. A breadth of data has been published on ligand-induced interactions of TLR2 with additional pattern recognition receptors such as CD14, scavenger receptors, integrins, and a range of other receptors, all of them important factors in TLR2 function. This review summarizes the roles of TLR2 in vivo and in specific immune cell types and integrates this information with a detailed review of our current understanding of the roles of specific coreceptors and ligands in regulating TLR2 functions. Understanding how these processes affect intracellular signaling and drive functional immune responses will lead to a better understanding of host-microbe interactions and will aid in the design of new agents to target TLR2 function in health and disease.
Collapse
|
150
|
Peng Q, Long CL, Malhotra S, Humphrey MB. A physical interaction between the adaptor proteins DOK3 and DAP12 is required to inhibit lipopolysaccharide signaling in macrophages. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra72. [PMID: 23962980 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNAX-activating protein of 12 kD (DAP12) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adaptor protein found in myeloid cells and natural killer cells, and it couples to various receptors that mediate either cellular activation or inhibition. DAP12 inhibits Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, such as that of TLR4 in response to its ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as cytokine responses by coupling to TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) at the plasma membrane. Understanding the mechanisms that inhibit inflammatory responses in macrophages is important for the development of therapies to treat inflammatory diseases. We show that inhibition of LPS responses by DAP12 is mediated by the adaptor protein DOK3 (downstream of kinase 3). DOK3 physically associated with the ITAM of DAP12 through its phosphotyrosine-binding domain. In response to LPS, DOK3 was phosphorylated in a DAP12- and Src-dependent manner, which led to translocation of phosphorylated DOK3 to the plasma membrane. DOK3-deficient cells exhibited increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Compared to wild-type mice, DOK3-deficient mice had increased susceptibility to challenge with a sublethal dose of LPS and produced increased serum concentrations of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Together, these data suggest the mechanism by which DAP12 and TREM2 inhibit LPS signaling in macrophages to prevent inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|