101
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Impellizzieri D, Ridder F, Raeber ME, Egholm C, Woytschak J, Kolios AGA, Legler DF, Boyman O. IL-4 receptor engagement in human neutrophils impairs their migration and extracellular trap formation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:267-279.e4. [PMID: 30768990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 immunity serves to resist parasitic helminths, venoms, and toxins, but the role and regulation of neutrophils during type 2 immune responses are controversial. Helminth models suggested a contribution of neutrophils to type 2 immunity, whereas neutrophils are associated with increased disease severity during type 2 inflammatory disorders, such as asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of the prototypic type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 on human neutrophils. METHODS Human neutrophils from peripheral blood were assessed without or with IL-4 or IL-13 for (1) expression of IL-4 receptor subunits, (2) neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, (3) migration toward CXCL8 in vitro and in humanized mice, and (4) CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4 expression, as well as (5) in nonallergic versus allergic subjects. RESULTS Human neutrophils expressed both types of IL-4 receptors, and their stimulation through IL-4 or IL-13 diminished their ability to form NETs and migrate toward CXCL8 in vitro. Likewise, in vivo chemotaxis in NOD-scid-Il2rg-/- mice was reduced in IL-4-stimulated human neutrophils compared with control values. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of the CXCL8-binding chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 on human neutrophils on IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation in vitro. Ex vivo analysis of neutrophils from allergic patients or exposure of neutrophils from nonallergic subjects to allergic donor serum in vitro impaired their NET formation and migration toward CXCL8, thereby mirroring IL-4/IL-13-stimulated neutrophils. CONCLUSION IL-4 receptor signaling in human neutrophils affects several neutrophil effector functions, which bears important implications for immunity in type 2 inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederike Ridder
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Woytschak
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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102
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Murrison LB, Brandt EB, Myers JB, Hershey GKK. Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1504-1515. [PMID: 30741719 DOI: 10.1172/jci124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures interplay with human host factors to promote the development and progression of allergic diseases. The worldwide prevalence of allergic disease is rising as a result of complex gene-environment interactions that shape the immune system and host response. Research shows an association between the rise of allergic diseases and increasingly modern Westernized lifestyles, which are characterized by increased urbanization, time spent indoors, and antibiotic usage. These environmental changes result in increased exposure to air and traffic pollution, fungi, infectious agents, tobacco smoke, and other early-life and lifelong risk factors for the development and exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases. It is increasingly recognized that the timing, load, and route of allergen exposure affect allergic disease phenotypes and development. Still, our ability to prevent allergic diseases is hindered by gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interaction of environmental, viral, and allergen exposures with immune pathways that impact disease development. This Review highlights epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking environmental exposures to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bronner Murrison
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jocelyn Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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103
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of airway inflammation due to excessive T helper cell type 2 (Th2) response. Present treatment based on inhalation of synthetic glucocorticoids can only control Th2-driven chronic eosinophilic inflammation, but cannot change the immune tolerance of the body to external allergens. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main negative regulatory cells of the immune response. Tregs play a great role in regulating allergic, autoimmune, graft-versus-host responses, and other immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the classification and biological characteristics, the established immunomodulatory mechanisms, and the characteristics of induced differentiation of Tregs. We will also discuss the progress of Tregs in the field of asthma. We believe that further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs will provide better treatments and control strategies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Zhao
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.,Department of Respiratory Medcine, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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104
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Abstract
Bone is a crucial element of the skeletal-locomotor system, but also functions as an immunological organ that harbors hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and immune progenitor cells. Additionally, the skeletal and immune systems share a number of regulatory molecules, including cytokines and signaling molecules. Osteoimmunology was created as an interdisciplinary field to explore the shared molecules and interactions between the skeletal and immune systems. In particular, the importance of an inseparable link between the two systems has been highlighted by studies on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which pathogenic helper T cells induce the progressive destruction of multiple joints through aberrant expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL). The conceptual bridge of osteoimmunology provides not only a novel framework for understanding these biological systems but also a molecular basis for the development of therapeutic approaches for diseases of bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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105
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Regulatory T-cell therapy for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases: The next frontier. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1710-1718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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106
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Hwang SM, Sharma G, Verma R, Byun S, Rudra D, Im SH. Inflammation-induced Id2 promotes plasticity in regulatory T cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4736. [PMID: 30413714 PMCID: PMC6226514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TH17 cells originating from regulatory T (Treg) cells upon loss of the Treg-specific transcription factor Foxp3 accumulate in sites of inflammation and aggravate autoimmune diseases. Whether an active mechanism drives the generation of these pathogenic 'ex-Foxp3 TH17' cells, remains unclear. Here we show that pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance the expression of transcription regulator Id2, which mediates cellular plasticity of Treg into ex-Foxp3 TH17 cells. Expression of Id2 in in vitro differentiated iTreg cells reduces the expression of Foxp3 by sequestration of the transcription activator E2A, leading to the induction of TH17-related cytokines. Treg-specific ectopic expression of Id2 in mice significantly reduces the Treg compartment and causes immune dysregulation. Cellular fate-mapping experiments reveal enhanced Treg plasticity compared to wild-type, resulting in exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis or enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest that controlling Id2 expression may provide a novel approach for effective Treg cell immunotherapies for both autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Byun
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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107
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Abdel Aziz N, Nono JK, Mpotje T, Brombacher F. The Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population requires IL-4Rα signaling to control inflammation during helminth infections. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005850. [PMID: 30379806 PMCID: PMC6231676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+) regulatory T (Treg)-cell function is controlled by environmental cues of which cytokine-mediated signaling is a dominant component. In vivo, interleukin-4 (IL-4)-mediated signaling via IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) mediates Treg cell transdifferentiation into ex-Foxp3 T helper 2 (Th2) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, IL-4-mediated signaling also reinforces the Foxp3 Treg compartment in vitro. We generated Foxp3-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mice and demonstrated differential efficiency of IL-4Rα deletion in male (approximately 90%) and female (approximately 40%) animals, because of cyclic recombinase (Cre)-mediated X-linked foxp3 inactivation. Irrespective of the degree of IL-4Rα deletion within the Foxp3+ Treg cell population, mice showed exacerbation of immune effector responses with aggravated tissue pathology in tissue-dwelling helminth infections (Schistosoma mansoni or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis). Mechanistically, IL-4Rα deletion in males and females led to a reduced expression of Foxp3 and subsequently an impaired accumulation of Foxp3+ Treg cells to inflamed tissues. In-depth cellular typing by flow cytometry revealed that the impairment of IL-4Rα-mediated signaling during helminth infections decreased the ability of central Treg cells to convert into effector Treg (eTreg) cells and caused a significant down-regulation of markers associated with Treg cell migration (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 [CXCR3]) and accumulation in inflamed tissues (GATA binding protein 3 [GATA3]) as well as survival (B cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2]). These findings unprecedentedly, to our knowledge, uncover a role for IL-4Rα signaling in the positive regulation of Foxp3+ Treg cell function in vivo. Complementing our past knowledge on a widely reported role for IL-4Rα signaling in the negative regulation and transdifferentiation of Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo, our present findings reveal the host requirement for an intact, but not reduced or potentiated, IL-4Rα-mediated signaling on Foxp3+ Treg cells to optimally control inflammation during helminth infections. Host soluble mediators such as cytokines play a key role in the regulation of the immune response. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are involved in maintaining self-tolerance and immune system homeostasis, are influenced by cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4). However, opposing reports have emerged on the effect of this cytokine on Treg cells. Some evidence suggests IL-4 inhibits Treg cells, whereas other studies indicate a supportive role for this cytokine in Treg cell biology and function. To unambiguously address this question, we generated mice with IL-4 receptor specifically removed from the Treg cell population. Our newly generated mice did not show any sign of spontaneous inflammation during homeostasis, but when challenged with an experimental infection by parasitic worms, deletion of the IL-4 receptor from the Treg cell population led to increased inflammation and aggravated tissue pathology. Several defects such as poor activation, reduced promigratory marker expression, and reduced survival were apparent in Treg cells with impaired IL-4 responsiveness. Our evidence presents a strong case for a supportive role of IL-4 via IL-4 receptor in the biology and optimal regulatory function of Treg cells during worm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abdel Aziz
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (FB); (JKN)
| | - Thabo Mpotje
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail: (FB); (JKN)
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108
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Shalaby KH, Lyons-Cohen MR, Whitehead GS, Thomas SY, Prinz I, Nakano H, Cook DN. Pathogenic T H17 inflammation is sustained in the lungs by conventional dendritic cells and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1229-1242.e6. [PMID: 29154958 PMCID: PMC5951733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms that elicit mucosal TH17 cell responses have been described, yet how these cells are sustained in chronically inflamed tissues remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand whether maintenance of lung TH17 inflammation requires environmental agents in addition to antigen and to identify the lung antigen-presenting cell (APC) types that sustain the self-renewal of TH17 cells. METHODS Animals were exposed repeatedly to aspiration of ovalbumin alone or together with environmental adjuvants, including common house dust extract (HDE), to test their role in maintaining lung inflammation. Alternatively, antigen-specific effector/memory TH17 cells, generated in culture with CD4+ T cells from Il17a fate-mapping mice, were adoptively transferred to assess their persistence in genetically modified animals lacking distinct lung APC subsets or cell-specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling. TH17 cells were also cocultured with lung APC subsets to determine which of these could revive their expansion and activation. RESULTS TH17 cells and the consequent neutrophilic inflammation were poorly sustained by inhaled antigen alone but were augmented by inhalation of antigen together with HDE. This was associated with weight loss and changes in lung physiology consistent with interstitial lung disease. The effect of HDE required TLR4 signaling predominantly in lung hematopoietic cells, including CD11c+ cells. CD103+ and CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells interacted directly with TH17 cells in situ and revived the clonal expansion of TH17 cells both ex vivo and in vivo, whereas lung macrophages and B cells could not. CONCLUSION TH17-dependent inflammation in the lungs can be sustained by persistent TLR4-mediated activation of lung conventional dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Shalaby
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Miranda R Lyons-Cohen
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Gregory S Whitehead
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Seddon Y Thomas
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institut für Immunologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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109
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Komatsu N, Takayanagi H. Immune-bone interplay in the structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:1-8. [PMID: 30022480 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and bone systems maintain homeostasis by interacting closely with each other. Rheumatoid arthritis is a pathological consequence of their interplay, as activated T cell immune responses result in osteoclast-mediated bone erosion. An imbalance between forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg ) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells is often linked with autoimmune diseases, including arthritis. Th17 cells contribute to the bone destruction in arthritis by up-regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) on synovial fibroblasts as well as inducing local inflammation. Studies on the origin of Th17 cells in inflammation have shed light on the pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells. Th17 cells converted from Foxp3+ T cells (exFoxp3 Th17 cells) comprise the most potent osteoclastogenic T cell subset in inflammatory bone loss. It has been suggested that osteoclastogenic T cells may have developed originally to stop local infection in periodontitis by inducing tooth loss. In addition, Th17 cells also contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis by modulating antibody function. Antibodies and immune complexes have attracted considerable attention for their direct role in osteoclastogenesis, and a specific T cell subset in joints was shown to be involved in B cell antibody production. Here we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the immune-bone interplay in the context of the bone destruction in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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110
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Notch ligand Delta-like 4 induces epigenetic regulation of Treg cell differentiation and function in viral infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1524-1536. [PMID: 30038214 PMCID: PMC6160345 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Notch ligand Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) has been shown to regulate CD4 T-cell differentiation, including regulatory T cells (Treg). Epigenetic alterations, which include histone modifications, are critical in cell differentiation decisions. Recent genome-wide studies demonstrated that Treg have increased trimethylation on histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) around the Treg master transcription factor, Foxp3 loci. Here we report that DLL4 dynamically increased H3K4 methylation around the Foxp3 locus that was dependent upon upregulated SET and MYDN domain containing protein 3 (SMYD3). DLL4 promoted Smyd3 through the canonical Notch pathway in iTreg differentiation. DLL4 inhibition during pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection decreased Smyd3 expression and Foxp3 expression in Treg leading to increased Il17a. On the other hand, DLL4 supported Il10 expression in vitro and in vivo, which was also partially dependent upon SMYD3. Using genome-wide unbiased mRNA sequencing, novel sets of DLL4- and Smyd3-dependent differentially expressed genes were discovered, including lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3), a checkpoint inhibitor that has been identified for modulating Th cell activation. Together, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism of DLL4/Notch-induced Smyd3 epigenetic pathways that maintain regulatory CD4 T cells in viral infections.
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111
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Zhang J, Fulgar CC, Mar T, Young DE, Zhang Q, Bein KJ, Cui L, Castañeda A, Vogel CFA, Sun X, Li W, Smiley-Jewell S, Zhang Z, Pinkerton KE. TH17-Induced Neutrophils Enhance the Pulmonary Allergic Response Following BALB/c Exposure to House Dust Mite Allergen and Fine Particulate Matter From California and China. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:627-643. [PMID: 29846732 PMCID: PMC6061684 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a global and increasingly prevalent disease. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 235 million people suffer from asthma. Studies suggest that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce innate immune responses, promote allergic sensitization, and exacerbate asthmatic symptoms and airway hyper-responsiveness. Recently, severe asthma and allergic sensitization have been associated with T-helper cell type 17 (TH17) activation. Few studies have investigated the links between PM2.5 exposure, allergic sensitization, asthma, and TH17 activation. This study aimed to determine whether (1) low-dose extracts of PM2.5 from California (PMCA) or China (PMCH) enhance allergic sensitization in mice following exposure to house dust mite (HDM) allergen; (2) eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammatory responses result from PM and HDM exposure; and (3) TH17-associated cytokines are increased in the lung following exposure to PM and/or HDM. Ten-week-old male BALB/c mice (n = 6-10/group) were intranasally instilled with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PM+PBS, HDM, or PM+HDM, on days 1, 3, and 5 (sensitization experiments), and PBS or HDM on days 12-14 (challenge experiments). Pulmonary function, bronchoalveolar lavage cell differentials, plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) protein levels, and lung tissue pathology, cyto-/chemo-kine proteins, and gene expression were assessed on day 15. Results indicated low-dose PM2.5 extracts can enhance allergic sensitization and TH17-associated responses. Although PMCA+HDM significantly decreased pulmonary function, and significantly increased neutrophils, Igs, and TH17-related protein and gene levels compared with HDM, there were no significant differences between HDM and PMCH+HDM treatments. This may result from greater copper and oxidized organic content in PMCA versus PMCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Health and the Environment
| | | | | | - Dominique E Young
- Department of Environmental Toxicology; and
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology; and
| | - Keith J Bein
- Center for Health and the Environment
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Liangliang Cui
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment
- Department of Environmental Toxicology; and
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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112
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Jiang P, Yue YX, Hong Y, Xie Y, Gao X, Gu CK, Hao HJ, Qin Y, Ding XJ, Song M, Li HF, Zhang X. IL-4Rα Polymorphism Is Associated With Myasthenia Gravis in Chinese Han Population. Front Neurol 2018; 9:529. [PMID: 30042722 PMCID: PMC6048264 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent growth and differentiation factor for B cells which play a vital role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). IL-4 exerts its function by binding to three types of IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complexes. IL-4Rα is the key component of the IL-4R complex. We hypothesize that polymorphism of IL-4Rα gene may be associated with the susceptibility and severity of MG. A Chinese cohort of 480 MG patients and 487 healthy controls were recruited. Polymorphisms of IL-4Rα gene were determined with SNPscan™ methods and compared between MG and control groups, as well as among MG subgroups. Rs2107356 and rs1805010 were found to be associated with adult thymoma associated MG, and rs1801275 was found to be associated with adult non-thymoma AChR-Ab positive MG. We did not found association between IL-4Rα polymorphism and the severity of MG. Genetic variations of IL-4Rα were found associated with the susceptibility of MG in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao-Xian Yue
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yanchen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan-Kai Gu
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Jun Hao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ding
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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113
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Worth L, Michel S, Gaertner VD, Kabesch M, Schieck M. Asthma- and IgE-associated polymorphisms affect expression of T H 17 genes. Allergy 2018; 73:1342-1347. [PMID: 29380867 DOI: 10.1111/all.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Worth
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) Regensburg Germany
| | - S. Michel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) Regensburg Germany
| | - V. D. Gaertner
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) Regensburg Germany
| | - M. Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) Regensburg Germany
| | - M. Schieck
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) Regensburg Germany
- Department of Human Genetics Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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114
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Ding F, Fu Z, Liu B. Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Alleviates Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 Balance. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3220-3229. [PMID: 29768397 PMCID: PMC5985709 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is generally believed that endotoxin exposure exacerbates risk of developing asthmatic symptoms. However, recent studies have indicated that prior bacterial exposure may prevent future symptoms of asthma. Here, we evaluated the influence of pre-exposure to different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to subsequent ovalbumin (OVA) allergen sensitization and challenge. Material/Methods Four-week-old Balb/c mice were treated intranasally with varying concentrations of LPS (1 ug, 10 ug, and 100 ug) or sterile PBS for 10 days, then 2 weeks later they were exposed to OVA. Both the molecular and functional airway responses to OVA administration were assessed following prior exposure to different doses of LPS or controls. Additionally, the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 balance was measured. Results Airway responsiveness and immune cell recruitment in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) were decreased in animals exposed to a low dose of LPS (1 ug) treatment compared with the asthma group. Moderate-dose (10 ug) and high-dose (100 ug) LPS administration showed no differences from controls. Further, low-dose LPS (1 ug) exposure was associated with increased Th1 cytokines, T-bet, Treg cytokine (IL-10, TGF-β), and Foxp3 expression, but decreased Th2 cytokines (IL-4,5,13), GATA3, Th17, and ROR-γt expression compared with the asthma group. Finally, higher numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells, and CD4+INF-γ+T cells, and lower CD4+IL-4+T cells and CD4+IL-17+T cells were observed in the low-dose LPS-treated groups compared to controls. Conclusions Our findings suggest that prior exposure to low doses of LPS may protect from OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and histopathologic changes through regulation of the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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115
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Xia M, Harb H, Saffari A, Sioutas C, Chatila TA. A Jagged 1-Notch 4 molecular switch mediates airway inflammation induced by ultrafine particles. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1243-1256.e17. [PMID: 29627423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related particulate matter promotes asthma and allergic diseases. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which particulate matter exposure acts to mediate these effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the cellular targets and signaling pathways critical for augmentation of allergic airway inflammation induced by ambient ultrafine particles (UFP). METHODS We used in vitro cell-culture assays with lung-derived antigen-presenting cells and allergen-specific T cells and in vivo mouse models of allergic airway inflammation with myeloid lineage-specific gene deletions, cellular reconstitution approaches, and antibody inhibition studies. RESULTS We identified lung alveolar macrophages (AM) as the key cellular target of UFP in promoting airway inflammation. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent induction of Jagged 1 (Jag1) expression in AM was necessary and sufficient for augmentation of allergic airway inflammation by UFP. UFP promoted TH2 and TH17 cell differentiation of allergen-specific T cells in a Jag1- and Notch 4-dependent manner. Treatment of mice with an anti-Notch 4 antibody abrogated exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation induced by UFP. CONCLUSION UFP exacerbate allergic airway inflammation by promoting a Jag1-Notch 4-dependent interaction between AM and allergen-specific T cells, leading to augmented TH cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Xia
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Arian Saffari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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116
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Yan S, Chen L, Zhao Q, Liu YN, Hou R, Yu J, Zhang H. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) antagonizes Interleukin-17-mediated allergic asthma. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:526-535. [PMID: 29437247 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endothelial cell-secreted protein known to inhibit IL-17 expression. However, little is known about the association between Del-1 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood samples collected from allergic asthmatic patients and controls, we explored the role of Del-1 in relation to IL-17 in allergic asthma. We found that the negative correlation between Del-1 and IL-17 was significant in BALF of allergic asthmatics. Del-1 treatment inhibited the expression of IL-17, the differentiation of IL-17-secreting leukocytes and associated cytokines. Contrarily, IL-17 levels were increased after treatment with anti-Del-1 mAb. Consistent with this, Del-1 treatment led to downregulation of IL-5, CCL5 and IL-4, thus reducing secretion of eosinophil cationic protein. Furthermore, Del-1 significantly downregulated the expression of ICAM-1 and may have the potential to reduce leukocyte transendothelial migration. Our data demonstrate that Del-1 can negatively regulate IL-17 and its proinflammatory function, thereby limiting airway inflammation in allergic asthmatics, and suggest Del-1 as a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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117
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Host defense against oral microbiota by bone-damaging T cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:701. [PMID: 29453398 PMCID: PMC5816021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system evolved to efficiently eradicate invading bacteria and terminate inflammation through balancing inflammatory and regulatory T-cell responses. In autoimmune arthritis, pathogenic TH17 cells induce bone destruction and autoimmune inflammation. However, whether a beneficial function of T-cell-induced bone damage exists is unclear. Here, we show that bone-damaging T cells have a critical function in the eradication of bacteria in a mouse model of periodontitis, which is the most common infectious disease. Bacterial invasion leads to the generation of specialized TH17 cells that protect against bacteria by evoking mucosal immune responses as well as inducing bone damage, the latter of which also inhibits infection by removing the tooth. Thus, bone-damaging T cells, which may have developed to stop local infection by inducing tooth loss, function as a double-edged sword by protecting against pathogens while also inducing skeletal tissue degradation.
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118
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Tang W, Smith SG, Du W, Gugilla A, Du J, Oliveria JP, Howie K, Salter BM, Gauvreau GM, O'Byrne PM, Sehmi R. Interleukin-25 and eosinophils progenitor cell mobilization in allergic asthma. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:5. [PMID: 29456832 PMCID: PMC5809891 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophil-lineage committed progenitor cells (EoP) migrate from the bone marrow and differentiate locally to provide an ongoing source of mature eosinophils in asthmatic inflammatory responses in the airways. Sputum levels of EoP are increased in asthmatics compared to normal controls suggesting an exaggerated eosinophilopoietic environment in the airways. Understanding what factors promote EoP traffic to the airways is important to understand the diathesis of asthma pathology. Interleukin (IL)-25, is an epithelial-derived cytokine that promotes type 2 inflammatory responses. We have previously shown that levels of IL-25 and expression of the IL-25 receptor (IL-17RA and IL-17RB) on mature eosinophils are greater in allergic asthmatics compared to atopic non-asthmatics and non-atopic normal controls. In addition, these levels were increased significantly increased following allergen inhalation challenge and physiologically relevant levels of IL-25 stimulated eosinophil degranulation, intracellular IL-5 and IL-13 expression and primed migration to eotaxin. The current study, examined the role of IL-25 on allergen-induced trafficking of EoP in atopic asthmatics. Methods Asthmatics (n = 14) who developed allergen-induced early and late responses were enrolled in the study. Blood was collected at pre- and 24 h post-challenge. At each time point, surface expression of IL-17RA and IL-17RB on EoP was evaluated by flow cytometry. Migration assays examined the effect of IL-25 on EoP chemotactic responses, in vitro. In addition, IL-25 knockout ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged mice were studied to evaluate in vivo mobilization effects of IL-25 on newly formed EoP and mature eosinophils. Results There was a significant increase in numbers of blood EoP expressing IL-17RB, 24 h post-allergen inhalation challenge in allergic asthmatics. Pre-exposure to IL-25 primed the migrational responsiveness of EoP to stromal cell-derived factor 1α. In OVA-sensitized mice, knocking out IL-25 significantly alleviated OVA-induced eosinophil infiltration in the airway and newly formed eosinophils were reduced in the lung. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate a potential role for IL-25 in allergen-induced trafficking of EoP to the airways and local differentiation promoting tissue eosiniophilia in asthmatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada.,2Department of Respirology and Critical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven G Smith
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Wei Du
- 2Department of Respirology and Critical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Akash Gugilla
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Juan Du
- 2Department of Respirology and Critical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - John Paul Oliveria
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Karen Howie
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Brittany M Salter
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
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Abdel-Gadir A, Massoud AH, Chatila TA. Antigen-specific Treg cells in immunological tolerance: implications for allergic diseases. F1000Res 2018; 7:38. [PMID: 29375821 PMCID: PMC5765398 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12650.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders in which there is failure to mount effective tolerogenic immune responses to inciting allergens. The alarming rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in recent decades has spurred investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of breakdown in tolerance in these disorders and means of restoring it. Tolerance to allergens is critically dependent on the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells, which mediate a state of sustained non-responsiveness to the offending allergen. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms governing the generation and function of allergen-specific Treg cells and their subversion in allergic diseases. We will also outline approaches to harness allergen-specific Treg cell responses to restore tolerance in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Abdel-Gadir
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Amir H Massoud
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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120
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Robinson D, Humbert M, Buhl R, Cruz AA, Inoue H, Korom S, Hanania NA, Nair P. Revisiting Type 2-high and Type 2-low airway inflammation in asthma: current knowledge and therapeutic implications. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:161-175. [PMID: 28036144 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex respiratory disorder characterized by marked heterogeneity in individual patient disease triggers and response to therapy. Several asthma phenotypes have now been identified, each defined by a unique interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including inflammatory, clinical and trigger-related phenotypes. Endotypes further describe the functional or pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the patient's disease. type 2-driven asthma is an emerging nomenclature for a common subtype of asthma and is characterized by the release of signature cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 from cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. A number of well-recognized biomarkers have been linked to mechanisms involved in type 2 airway inflammation, including fractional exhaled nitric oxide, serum IgE, periostin, and blood and sputum eosinophils. These type 2 cytokines are targets for pharmaceutical intervention, and a number of therapeutic options are under clinical investigation for the management of patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. Anticipating and understanding the heterogeneity of asthma and subsequent improved characterization of different phenotypes and endotypes must guide the selection of treatment to meet individual patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Severe Asthma Service, UCLH NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Humbert
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U999, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - R Buhl
- Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - A A Cruz
- ProAR-Center of Excellence in Asthma, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - H Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - S Korom
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Nair
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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121
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Li P, Feng J, Liu Y, Liu Q, Fan L, Liu Q, She X, Liu C, Liu T, Zhao C, Wang W, Li G, Wu M. Novel Therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme by Restoring LRRC4 in Tumor Cells: LRRC4 Inhibits Tumor-Infitrating Regulatory T Cells by Cytokine and Programmed Cell Death 1-Containing Exosomes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1748. [PMID: 29312296 PMCID: PMC5732324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a heterogeneous malignant brain tumor, the pathological incidence of which induces the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). As a tumor suppressor gene, LRRC4 is absent in GBM cells. Here, we report that the recovery of LRRC4 in GBM cells inhibited the infiltration of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Ti-Treg), promoted the expansion of tumor-infiltrating effector T (Ti-Teff) cells and CD4+CCR4+ T cells, and enhanced the chemotaxis of CD4+CCR4+ T cells in the GBM immune microenvironment. LRRC4 was not transferred into TILs from GBM cells through exosomes but mainly exerted its inhibiting function on Ti-Treg cell expansion by directly promoting cytokine secretion. GBM cell-derived exosomes (cytokine-free and programmed cell death 1 containing) also contributed to the modulation of LRRC4 on Ti-Treg, Ti-Teff, and CD4+CCR4+ T cells. In GBM cells, LRRC4 directly bound to phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1), phosphorylated IKKβser181, facilitated NF-κB activation, and promoted the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL2, and interferon gamma. In addition, HSP90 was required to maintain the interaction between LRRC4 and PDPK1. However, the inhibition of Ti-Treg cell expansion and promotion of CD4+CCR4+ T cell chemotaxis by LRRC4 could be blocked by anti-IL-6 antibody or anti-CCL2 antibody, respectively. miR-101 is a suppressor gene in GBM. Our previous studies have shown that EZH2, EED, and DNMT3A are direct targets of miR-101. Here, we showed that miR-101 reversed the hypermethylation of the LRRC4 promoter and induced the re-expression of LRRC4 in GBM cells by directly targeting EZH2, EED, and DNMT3A. Our results reveal a novel mechanism underlying GBM microenvironment and provide a new therapeutic strategy using re-expression of LRRC4 in GBM cells to create a permissive intratumoral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Okamoto K, Nakashima T, Shinohara M, Negishi-Koga T, Komatsu N, Terashima A, Sawa S, Nitta T, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: The Conceptual Framework Unifying the Immune and Skeletal Systems. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1295-1349. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Osteoimmunology was created as a new interdisciplinary field in large part to highlight the shared molecules and reciprocal interactions between the two systems in both heath and disease. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) plays an essential role not only in the development of immune organs and bones, but also in autoimmune diseases affecting bone, thus effectively comprising the molecule that links the two systems. Here we review the function, gene regulation, and signal transduction of osteoimmune molecules, including RANKL, in the context of osteoclastogenesis as well as multiple other regulatory functions. Osteoimmunology has become indispensable for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review the various osteoimmune pathologies, including the bone destruction in RA, in which pathogenic helper T cell subsets [such as IL-17-expressing helper T (Th17) cells] induce bone erosion through aberrant RANKL expression. We also focus on cellular interactions and the identification of the communication factors in the bone marrow, discussing the contribution of bone cells to the maintenance and regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells. Thus the time has come for a basic reappraisal of the framework for understanding both the immune and bone systems. The concept of a unified osteoimmune system will be absolutely indispensable for basic and translational approaches to diseases related to bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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Gene-environment interaction between an IL4R variant and school endotoxin exposure contributes to asthma symptoms in inner-city children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:794-796.e3. [PMID: 28943468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Du W, Chen T, Ni Y, Hou X, Yu Y, Zhou Q, Wu F, Tang W, Shi G. Role of PIM2 in allergic asthma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7504-7512. [PMID: 28944837 PMCID: PMC5865883 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-associated inflammation, particularly type 2 inflammation, has an important role in asthma pathogenesis, which is suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 2 (PIM2), a member off the serine/threonine kinase family, promotes the growth and survival of T cells and influences the function of Treg cells. However, whether PIM2 affects asthma pathogenesis remains unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Treg cells from asthmatic and healthy subjects were obtained, and the expression level of PIM2 was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. In addition, BALB/c female mice sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin were used as an asthma model, and PIM2 inhibitor was injected during the challenge period to observe the effect of PIM2 on asthma. The asthma symptoms were recorded, and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), expression levels of cytokines in the serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the number of BALF leukocytes were evaluated. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of lung tissues was performed. The results demonstrated that PIM2 was overexpressed in patients with asthma in natural Treg cells. Inhibition of PIM2 attenuated asthma symptoms, and improved AHR and airway inflammation compared with asthmatic mice without inhibition of PIM2. In addition, expression levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) in BALF were increased following PIM2 inhibition (IL-10, 470.3±21.78 vs. 533.7±25.55 pg/ml, P<0.05; FOXP3, 259±4.68 vs. 279.3±3.68 pg/ml; asthma and PIM2 inhibition groups, respectively; P<0.05). In conclusion, PIM2 may exhibit an important role in asthma pathogenesis and exacerbate AHR, airway inflammation and asthma symptoms. These effects of PIM2 may be dependent on Treg cells and the secretion of IL-10 by Tregs. The results of the present study suggest that PIM2 may be a potential target molecule for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Hou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Youchao Yu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Geratology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Pablos-Tanarro A, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Hydrolysed ovalbumin offers more effective preventive and therapeutic protection against egg allergy than the intact protein. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1342-1354. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - L. Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - A. Pablos-Tanarro
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - E. Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - R. López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
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126
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Nono JK, Ndlovu H, Aziz NA, Mpotje T, Hlaka L, Brombacher F. Host regulation of liver fibroproliferative pathology during experimental schistosomiasis via interleukin-4 receptor alpha. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005861. [PMID: 28827803 PMCID: PMC5578697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) is critical for the initiation of type-2 immune responses and implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental schistosomiasis. IL-4Rα mediated type-2 responses are critical for the control of pathology during acute schistosomiasis. However, type-2 responses tightly associate with fibrogranulomatous inflammation that drives host pathology during chronic schistosomiasis. To address such controversy on the role of IL-4Rα, we generated a novel inducible IL-4Rα-deficient mouse model that allows for temporal knockdown of il-4rα gene after oral administration of Tamoxifen. Interrupting IL-4Rα mediated signaling during the acute phase impaired the development of protective type-2 immune responses, leading to rapid weight loss and premature death, confirming a protective role of IL-4Rα during acute schistosomiasis. Conversely, IL-4Rα removal at the chronic phase of schistosomiasis ameliorated the pathological fibro-granulomatous pathology and reversed liver scarification without affecting the host fitness. This amelioration of the morbidity was accompanied by a reduced Th2 response and increased frequencies of FoxP3+ Tregs and CD1dhiCD5+ Bregs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IL-4Rα mediated signaling has two opposing functions during experimental schistosomiasis depending on the stage of advancement of the disease and indicate that interrupting IL-4Rα mediated signaling is a viable therapeutic strategy to ameliorate liver fibroproliferative pathology in diseases like chronic schistosomiasis. Liver fibroproliferative diseases drive a considerable fraction of the overall human mortality. This is closely linked to the absence of efficient control measures against such diseases. Schistosomiasis, a chronic disease that affects humans, preferentially causes liver fibrosis and is responsible for devastating economic losses in developing nations where the disease is still endemic. Using reverse genetics, loss-of-function mouse models have helped uncover a protective role for Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) in the host survival to experimental schistosomiasis. However, given the contributing role for this receptor in the etiology of some models of tissue fibrosis, its role during chronic schistosomiasis where the highly fibrotic liver of the infected individuals mediate the morbidity had not been properly addressed hitherto. Taking advantage of a third generation mouse model of inducible loss of a gene, we found a debilitating role for IL-4 receptor during chronic schistosomiasis as signaling via this receptor supported both liver inflammation and fibrosis. These findings demonstrate that although the host requires IL-4Rα to survive the acute phase of schistosomiasis, the more clinically relevant morbid phase of the disease is driven by the excessive utilization of this receptor. A therapeutic potential of blocking IL-4Rα to ameliorate liver fibroproliferative disease is therefore suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Komguep Nono
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nada Abdel Aziz
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thabo Mpotje
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lerato Hlaka
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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127
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Anderson WC, Apter AJ, Dutmer CM, Searing DA, Szefler SJ. Advances in asthma in 2016: Designing individualized approaches to management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:671-680. [PMID: 28709967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this year's Advances in Asthma review, we discuss viral infections in asthmatic patients and potential therapeutic agents, the microbiome, novel genetic associations with asthma, air quality and climate effects on asthma, exposures during development and long-term sequelae of childhood asthma, patient-centered outcomes research, and precision medicine. In addition, we discuss application of biomarkers to precision medicine and new information on asthma medications. New evidence indicates that rhinovirus-triggered asthma exacerbations become more severe as the degree of sensitization to dust mite and mouse increase. The 2 biggest drivers of asthma severity are an allergy pathway starting with allergic sensitization and an environmental tobacco smoke pathway. In addition, allergic sensitization and blood eosinophils can be used to select medications for management of early asthma in young children. These current findings, among others covered in this review, represent significant steps toward addressing rapidly advancing areas of knowledge that have implications for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Anderson
- Allergy & Immunology Section, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Andrea J Apter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Cullen M Dutmer
- Allergy & Immunology Section, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Daniel A Searing
- Allergy & Immunology Section, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Stanley J Szefler
- Breathing Institute and Pulmonary Medicine Section, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.
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128
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Gelfand EW, Joetham A, Wang M, Takeda K, Schedel M. Spectrum of T-lymphocyte activities regulating allergic lung inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 278:63-86. [PMID: 28658551 PMCID: PMC5501488 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of asthma, optimization of symptom control remains an unmet need in many patients. These patients, labeled severe asthma, are responsible for a substantial fraction of the disease burden. In these patients, research is needed to define the cellular and molecular pathways contributing to disease which in large part are refractory to corticosteroid treatment. The causes of steroid-resistant asthma are multifactorial and result from complex interactions of genetics, environmental factors, and innate and adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity, addressed here, integrates the activities of distinct T-cell subsets and by definition is dynamic and responsive to an ever-changing environment and the influences of epigenetic modifications. These T-cell subsets exhibit different susceptibilities to the actions of corticosteroids and, in some, corticosteroids enhance their functional activation. Moreover, these subsets are not fixed in lineage differentiation but can undergo transcriptional reprogramming in a bidirectional manner between protective and pathogenic effector states. Together, these factors contribute to asthma heterogeneity between patients but also in the same patient at different stages of their disease. Only by carefully defining mechanistic pathways, delineating their sensitivity to corticosteroids, and determining the balance between regulatory and effector pathways will precision medicine become a reality with selective and effective application of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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129
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Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 138:639-652. [PMID: 27596705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic diseases entails an ineffective tolerogenic immune response to allergens. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in sustaining immune tolerance to allergens, yet mechanisms by which Treg cells fail to maintain tolerance in patients with allergic diseases are not well understood. We review current concepts and established mechanisms regarding how Treg cells regulate different components of allergen-triggered immune responses to promote and maintain tolerance. We will also discuss more recent advances that emphasize the "dual" functionality of Treg cells in patients with allergic diseases: how Treg cells are essential in promoting tolerance to allergens but also how a proallergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward a pathogenic phenotype that aggravates and perpetuates disease. These advances highlight opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that aim to re-establish tolerance in patients with chronic allergic diseases by promoting Treg cell stability and function.
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130
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Zhu J, Liu X, Wang W, Ouyang X, Zheng W, Wang Q. Altered expression of regulatory T and Th17 cells in murine bronchial asthma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:714-722. [PMID: 28672989 PMCID: PMC5488712 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the careful balance of the ratio of Th1/Th2 cell subsets impacts immune function and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. There is little research on the impact of changes on the balance of the regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 subset ratio and its possible repercussions for asthma. This investigation used a murine model of asthma to measure the expression levels of Treg and Th17 cells and the levels of their transcription factors Foxp3 and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR)γt in bronchial asthma while assessing indexes of airway inflammation. Thirty female SPF BALB/c mice were divided into three equally numbered groups: a normal control, an asthma and a dexamethasone treatment group. All the airway inflammation indexes measured were more prominent in the asthma group and less so in the control group. The percentage of the lymphocyte subset CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in the CD4+ cells in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). The percentage of the lymphocyte subset CD4+IL-17+ cells in the CD4+ cells in the asthma group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). The ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells/CD4+IL-17+ cells in the asthma group decreased compared with that in the normal control group (P<0.01). The expression level of Foxp3 of the mice in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The expression intensity of RORγt in the asthma group was higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). Finally, the Foxp3/RORγt protein expression ratio in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). The Foxp3/RORγt protein expression ratio and the airway responsiveness were negatively correlated. The average levels of inflammation markers in the dexamethasone group were intermediate between the other groups. During the course of bronchial asthma the unbalanced expression of Treg and Th17 affects mostly the expression of Foxp3/RORγt, leading to inflammation of the airways. Dexamethasone may inhibit airway inflammation by regulating the balance between Treg and Th17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhu
- Department of Internal Respiratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Internal Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhe Ouyang
- Department of Internal Respiratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Zheng
- Department of Internal Respiratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
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131
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Takahashi N, Saitoh T, Gotoh N, Nitta Y, Alkebsi L, Kasamatsu T, Minato Y, Yokohama A, Tsukamoto N, Handa H, Murakami H. The cytokine polymorphisms affecting Th1/Th2 increase the susceptibility to, and severity of, chronic ITP. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:26. [PMID: 28511637 PMCID: PMC5434613 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) polarization in chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) has been reported at the protein and mRNA levels. We evaluated the impact of Th1/Th2 cytokine and cytokine receptor functional polymorphisms on both susceptibility to, and severity of, cITP. We analysed IFN-γ + 874 T/A, IFN-γR -611G/A, IL-4 -590C/T, and IL-4Rα Q576R polymorphisms in 126 cITP patients (male/female: 34/92; median age: 47.7 years) and 202 healthy control donors. Genotyping was determined by PCR and direct sequencing. The Th1/Th2 ratio was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via flow cytometry. RESULTS cITP patients had a higher frequency of the IL-4Rα 576 non-QQ genotype compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.04). cITP patients with the IFN-γ +874 non-AA genotype (high expression type) showed more severe thrombocytopenia than those with the AA genotype (P < 0.05). cITP patients had a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio than control patients (P < 0.01); this ratio was inversely correlated with platelet counts. Furthermore, patients with both IFN-γ +874 non-AA genotype (high expression type) and IFN-γR -611 non-AA genotype (high-function type) had a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cytokine polymorphisms affecting Th1/Th2 increase the susceptibility to, and severity of, chronic ITP.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/genetics
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1-Th2 Balance/genetics
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Young Adult
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nitta
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Lobna Alkebsi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Yusuke Minato
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Division of Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
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132
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Eyerich K, Dimartino V, Cavani A. IL-17 and IL-22 in immunity: Driving protection and pathology. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:607-614. [PMID: 28295238 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-17 and IL-22 are tissue-signaling cytokines that favor protection and regeneration of barrier organs such as the skin, lung, and gastrointestinal system. Both cytokines share cellular sources, signaling pathways, and functional aspects; however, taking a closer look they differ, e.g. in their pro-inflammatory or regenerative potential. An imbalance of the carefully orchestrated tissue-signaling system might result in autoimmune diseases, promote cancer growth, or predispose to infectious diseases. This review highlights recent understandings in cellular sources, signaling mechanisms, physiologic as well as pathogenic role of the double-faceted cytokines IL-17 and IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valentina Dimartino
- UOC Coordinamento Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale per la Promozione della Salute delle Popolazioni Migranti e il contrasto delle Malattie della Povertà, INMP, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavani
- UOC Coordinamento Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale per la Promozione della Salute delle Popolazioni Migranti e il contrasto delle Malattie della Povertà, INMP, Rome, Italy
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133
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Effect of PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) on the secretion of Th2 cytokine in asthma mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 10:64-68. [PMID: 28107868 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) on the secretion of Th2 cytokines and the proportion of immune cell subsets in asthma mice. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were used to build asthma models. Those mice were divided into the normal control group, model group and rosiglitazone group. Differences of the changes in lung histopathology of mice in the three groups were observed through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) strain, and the numbers of the total cells, eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF of mice in the three groups were compared. ELISA and real-time PCR were employed to detect the protein levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-4 and IL-10 and mRNA level, respectively. Flow cytometry number was implied to analyze the proportion of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood of mice. RESULTS Compared with the mice in the control group, and mice of the model group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in BALF increased, bronchial smooth muscle became thickened, a large amount of collagen deposited, the secretion of Th2 cytokine increased significantly, the ratio of regulatory T cells (Treg) decreased, the ratio of T17 cells rose distinctly; while in mice of the rosiglitazone group, the changes of their lung histopathology were improved obviously, the number of infiltration of inflammatory cells declined, the thickened smooth muscle relieved, the deposition of collagen decreased, the secretion of Th2 cytokine was inhibited, the ratio of Treg went up, and the increased of the ratio of T17 cells was inhibited but still not return to normal level. CONCLUSIONS Rosiglitazone can regulate the proportion of Treg and Th17 cells and inhibit the secretion of Th2 cytokines, which inhibit the airway inflammatory response for asthma mice effectively.
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