101
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Xu Y, Xue D, Bankhead A, Neamati N. Why All the Fuss about Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)? J Med Chem 2020; 63:14276-14307. [PMID: 33103432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Certain subtypes of cancer cells require oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to survive. Increased OXPHOS dependency is frequently a hallmark of cancer stem cells and cells resistant to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Suppressing the OXPHOS function might also influence the tumor microenvironment by alleviating hypoxia and improving the antitumor immune response. Thus, targeting OXPHOS is a promising strategy to treat various cancers. A growing arsenal of therapeutic agents is under development to inhibit this biological process. This Perspective provides an overview of the structure and function of OXPHOS complexes, their biological functions in cancer, relevant research tools and models, as well as the limitations of OXPHOS as drug targets. We also focus on the current development status of OXPHOS inhibitors and potential therapeutic strategies to strengthen their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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102
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Potent inhibition of tumour cell proliferation and immunoregulatory function by mitochondria-targeted atovaquone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17872. [PMID: 33087770 PMCID: PMC7578061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The FDA-approved prophylactic antimalarial drug atovaquone (ATO) recently was repurposed as an antitumor drug. Studies show that ATO exerts a profound antiproliferative effect in several cancer cells, including breast, ovarian, and glioma. Analogous to the mechanism of action proposed in parasites, ATO inhibits mitochondrial complex III and cell respiration. To enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, we developed a mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium-conjugated ATO with varying alkyl side chains (Mito4-ATO, Mito10-ATO, Mito12-ATO, and Mito16-ATO). Results show, for the first time, that triphenylphosphonium-conjugated ATO potently enhanced the antiproliferative effect of ATO in cancer cells and, depending upon the alkyl chain length, the molecular target of inhibition changes from mitochondrial complex III to complex I. Mito4-ATO and Mito10-ATO inhibit both pyruvate/malate-dependent complex I and duroquinol-dependent complex III-induced oxygen consumption whereas Mito12-ATO and Mito16-ATO inhibit only complex I-induced oxygen consumption. Mitochondrial target shifting may have immunoregulatory implications.
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103
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Kory N, Uit de Bos J, van der Rijt S, Jankovic N, Güra M, Arp N, Pena IA, Prakash G, Chan SH, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Sabatini DM. MCART1/SLC25A51 is required for mitochondrial NAD transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:sciadv.abe5310. [PMID: 33087354 PMCID: PMC7577609 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) pair is a cofactor in redox reactions and is particularly critical in mitochondria as it connects substrate oxidation by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to adenosine triphosphate generation by the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation. While a mitochondrial NAD+ transporter has been identified in yeast, how NAD enters mitochondria in metazoans is unknown. Here, we mine gene essentiality data from human cell lines to identify MCART1 (SLC25A51) as coessential with ETC components. MCART1-null cells have large decreases in TCA cycle flux, mitochondrial respiration, ETC complex I activity, and mitochondrial levels of NAD+ and NADH. Isolated mitochondria from cells lacking or overexpressing MCART1 have greatly decreased or increased NAD uptake in vitro, respectively. Moreover, MCART1 and NDT1, a yeast mitochondrial NAD+ transporter, can functionally complement for each other. Thus, we propose that MCART1 is the long sought mitochondrial transporter for NAD in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kory
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Jelmi Uit de Bos
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sanne van der Rijt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nevena Jankovic
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Miriam Güra
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas Arp
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Izabella A Pena
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gyan Prakash
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
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104
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Cheng CC, Wooten J, Gibbs ZA, McGlynn K, Mishra P, Whitehurst AW. Sperm-specific COX6B2 enhances oxidative phosphorylation, proliferation, and survival in human lung adenocarcinoma. eLife 2020; 9:58108. [PMID: 32990599 PMCID: PMC7556868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are proteins whose expression is normally restricted to the testis but anomalously activated in human cancer. In sperm, a number of CTAs support energy generation, however, whether they contribute to tumor metabolism is not understood. We describe human COX6B2, a component of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). COX6B2 is expressed in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and expression correlates with reduced survival time. COX6B2, but not its somatic isoform COX6B1, enhances activity of complex IV, increasing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and NAD+ generation. Consequently, COX6B2-expressing cancer cells display a proliferative advantage, particularly in low oxygen. Conversely, depletion of COX6B2 attenuates OXPHOS and collapses mitochondrial membrane potential leading to cell death or senescence. COX6B2 is both necessary and sufficient for growth of human tumor xenografts in mice. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated, tumor-specific metabolic pathway hijacked from one of the most ATP-intensive processes in the animal kingdom: sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | | | - Zane A Gibbs
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kathleen McGlynn
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Angelique W Whitehurst
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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105
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Carr JF, Garcia D, Scaffa A, Peterson AL, Ghio AJ, Dennery PA. Heme Oxygenase-1 Supports Mitochondrial Energy Production and Electron Transport Chain Activity in Cultured Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186941. [PMID: 32971746 PMCID: PMC7554745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 is induced by many cellular stressors and catalyzes the breakdown of heme to generate carbon monoxide and bilirubin, which confer cytoprotection. The role of HO-1 likely extends beyond the simple production of antioxidants, for example HO-1 activity has also been implicated in metabolism, but this function remains unclear. Here we used an HO-1 knockout lung cell line to further define the contribution of HO-1 to cellular metabolism. We found that knockout cells exhibit reduced growth and mitochondrial respiration, measured by oxygen consumption rate. Specifically, we found that HO-1 contributed to electron transport chain activity and utilization of certain mitochondrial fuels. Loss of HO-1 had no effect on intracellular non-heme iron concentration or on proteins whose levels and activities depend on available iron. We show that HO-1 supports essential functions of mitochondria, which highlights the protective effects of HO-1 in diverse pathologies and tissue types. Our results suggest that regulation of heme may be an equally significant role of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - David Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-444-5648
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106
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Nuclear receptor binding factor 2 (NRBF2) is required for learning and memory. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1238-1251. [PMID: 32350405 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms which underlie defects in learning and memory are a major area of focus with the increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the aging population. The complex genetically-controlled, age-, and environmentally-dependent onset and progression of the cognitive deficits and neuronal pathology call for better understanding of the fundamental biology of the nervous system function. In this study, we focus on nuclear receptor binding factor-2 (NRBF2) which modulates the transcriptional activities of retinoic acid receptor α and retinoid X receptor α, and the autophagic activities of the BECN1-VPS34 complex. Since both transcriptional regulation and autophagic function are important in supporting neuronal function, we hypothesized that NRBF2 deficiency may lead to cognitive deficits. To test this, we developed a new mouse model with nervous system-specific knockout of Nrbf2. In a series of behavioral assessment, we demonstrate that NRBF2 knockout in the nervous system results in profound learning and memory deficits. Interestingly, we did not find deficits in autophagic flux in primary neurons and the autophagy deficits were minimal in the brain. In contrast, RNAseq analyses have identified altered expression of genes that have been shown to impact neuronal function. The observation that NRBF2 is involved in learning and memory suggests a new mechanism regulating cognition involving the role of this protein in regulating networks related to the function of retinoic acid receptors, protein folding, and quality control.
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107
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2-Nitroimidazoles induce mitochondrial stress and ferroptosis in glioma stem cells residing in a hypoxic niche. Commun Biol 2020; 3:450. [PMID: 32807853 PMCID: PMC7431527 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Under hypoxic conditions, nitroimidazoles can replace oxygen as electron acceptors, thereby enhancing the effects of radiation on malignant cells. These compounds also accumulate in hypoxic cells, where they can act as cytotoxins or imaging agents. However, whether these effects apply to cancer stem cells has not been sufficiently explored. Here we show that the 2-nitroimidazole doranidazole potentiates radiation-induced DNA damage in hypoxic glioma stem cells (GSCs) and confers a significant survival benefit in mice harboring GSC-derived tumors in radiotherapy settings. Furthermore, doranidazole and misonidazole, but not metronidazole, manifested radiation-independent cytotoxicity for hypoxic GSCs that was mediated by ferroptosis induced partially through blockade of mitochondrial complexes I and II and resultant metabolic alterations in oxidative stress responses. Doranidazole also limited the growth of GSC-derived subcutaneous tumors and that of tumors in orthotopic brain slices. Our results thus reveal the theranostic potential of 2-nitroimidazoles as ferroptosis inducers that enable targeting GSCs in their hypoxic niche. Koike et al. show that the 2-nitroimidazole doranidazole increases radiation-induced DNA damage in hypoxic glioma stem cells (GSCs). They further demonstrate that additional radiation-independent cytotoxicity of 2-nitroimidazoles is due to ferroptosis that occurs through blockade of mitochondrial complexes I and II leading to metabolic changes in the oxidative stress response.
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108
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Mitochondrial electron transport chain: Oxidative phosphorylation, oxidant production, and methods of measurement. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101674. [PMID: 32811789 PMCID: PMC7767752 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain utilizes a series of electron transfer reactions to generate cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. A consequence of electron transfer is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to both homeostatic signaling as well as oxidative stress during pathology. In this graphical review we provide an overview of oxidative phosphorylation and its inter-relationship with ROS production by the electron transport chain. We also outline traditional and novel translational methodology for assessing mitochondrial energetics in health and disease.
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109
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van der Stel W, Carta G, Eakins J, Darici S, Delp J, Forsby A, Bennekou SH, Gardner I, Leist M, Danen EHJ, Walker P, van de Water B, Jennings P. Multiparametric assessment of mitochondrial respiratory inhibition in HepG2 and RPTEC/TERT1 cells using a panel of mitochondrial targeting agrochemicals. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2707-2729. [PMID: 32607615 PMCID: PMC7395062 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting for the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathologies including metabolic diseases, accelerated ageing, neurodegenerative diseases and in certain xenobiotic-induced organ toxicity. Assessing mitochondrial perturbations is not trivial and the outcomes of such investigations are dependent on the cell types used and assays employed. Here we systematically investigated the effect of electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors on multiple mitochondrial-related parameters in two human cell types, HepG2 and RPTEC/TERT1. Cells were exposed to a broad range of concentrations of 20 ETC-inhibiting agrochemicals and capsaicin, consisting of inhibitors of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I, CI), succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II, CII) and cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III, CIII). A battery of tests was utilised, including viability assays, lactate production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the Seahorse bioanalyser, which simultaneously measures extracellular acidification rate [ECAR] and oxygen consumption rate [OCR]. CI inhibitors caused a potent decrease in OCR, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ECAR and increased lactate production in both cell types. Twenty-fourhour exposure to CI inhibitors decreased viability of RPTEC/TERT1 cells and 3D spheroid-cultured HepG2 cells in the presence of glucose. CI inhibitors decreased 2D HepG2 viability only in the absence of glucose. CII inhibitors had no notable effects in intact cells up to 10 µM. CIII inhibitors had similar effects to the CI inhibitors. Antimycin A was the most potent CIII inhibitor, with activity in the nanomolar range. The proposed CIII inhibitor cyazofamid demonstrated a mitochondrial uncoupling signal in both cell types. The study presents a comprehensive example of a mitochondrial assessment workflow and establishes measurable key events of ETC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
Boelelaan, 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Eakins
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Salihanur Darici
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
Boelelaan, 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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110
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Mitochondrial bioenergetics, glial reactivity, and pain-related behavior can be restored by dichloroacetate treatment in rodent pain models. Pain 2020; 161:2786-2797. [PMID: 32658145 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glial reactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is a hallmark in most chronic pain conditions. Neuroinflammation-associated reactive glia, in particular astrocytes, have been shown to exhibit reduced mitochondrial respiratory function. Here, we studied the mitochondrial function at the lumbar spinal cord tissue from complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain rat and chronic constriction injury mouse models by high-resolution respirometry. A significant decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters at the injury-related spinal cord level coincided with highest astrocytosis. Oral administration of dichloroacetate (DCA) significantly increased mitochondrial respiratory function by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in spinal cord. Importantly, DCA treatment significantly reduced the ipsilateral pain-related behavior without affecting contralateral sensitivity in both pain models. Our results indicate that mitochondrial metabolic modulation with DCA may offer an alternative therapeutic strategy to alleviate chronic and persistent inflammatory pain.
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111
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Hock DH, Reljic B, Ang CS, Muellner-Wong L, Mountford HS, Compton AG, Ryan MT, Thorburn DR, Stroud DA. HIGD2A is Required for Assembly of the COX3 Module of Human Mitochondrial Complex IV. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1145-1160. [PMID: 32317297 PMCID: PMC7338084 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly factors play a critical role in the biogenesis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I-IV where they assist in the membrane insertion of subunits, attachment of co-factors, and stabilization of assembly intermediates. The major fraction of complexes I, III and IV are present together in large molecular structures known as respiratory chain supercomplexes. Several assembly factors have been proposed as required for supercomplex assembly, including the hypoxia inducible gene 1 domain family member HIGD2A. Using gene-edited human cell lines and extensive steady state, translation and affinity enrichment proteomics techniques we show that loss of HIGD2A leads to defects in the de novo biogenesis of mtDNA-encoded COX3, subsequent accumulation of complex IV intermediates and turnover of COX3 partner proteins. Deletion of HIGD2A also leads to defective complex IV activity. The impact of HIGD2A loss on complex IV was not altered by growth under hypoxic conditions, consistent with its role being in basal complex IV assembly. Although in the absence of HIGD2A we show that mitochondria do contain an altered supercomplex assembly, we demonstrate it to harbor a crippled complex IV lacking COX3. Our results redefine HIGD2A as a classical assembly factor required for building the COX3 module of complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boris Reljic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linden Muellner-Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley S Mountford
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison G Compton
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mitochondrial Laboratory, Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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112
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Dawid C, Weber D, Musiol E, Janas V, Baur S, Lang R, Fromme T. Comparative assessment of purified saponins as permeabilization agents during respirometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148251. [PMID: 32598881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a diverse group of secondary plant metabolites, some of which display hemolytic toxicity due to plasma membrane permeabilization. This feature is employed in biological applications for transferring hydrophilic molecules through cell membranes. Widely used commercial saponins include digitonin and saponins from soap tree bark, both of which constitute complex mixtures of little definition. We assessed the permeabilization power of pure saponins towards cellular membranes in an effort to detect novel properties and to improve existing applications. In a respirometric assay, we characterized half-maximal permeabilization of the plasma membrane for different metabolites, of the mitochondrial outer membrane for cytochrome C and the full solubilization of mitochondrial inner membrane protein complexes. Beyond the complete list as repository for the field, we highlight several findings with direct applicability. First, we identified and validated α-chaconine as alternative permeabilization agent in respirometric assays of cultured cells and isolated synaptosomes, superior to digitonin in its tolerability for mitochondria. Second, we identified glycyrrhizic acid to form exceptionally small pores impermeable for adenosine diphosphate. Third, in a concentration dependent manner, tomatine proved to be able to selectively permeabilize the mitochondrial outer, but not inner membrane, allowing for novel states in which to determine cytochrome C oxidase activity. In summary, we provide a list of the permeabilization properties of 18 pure saponins. The identification of two saponins, namely tomatine and chaconine, with direct usability in improved or novel cell biological applications within this small subgroup demonstrates the tremendous potential for further functional screening of pure saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Eva Musiol
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Vanessa Janas
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baur
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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113
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Stephenson ZA, Harvey RF, Pryde KR, Mistry S, Hardy RE, Serreli R, Chung I, Allen TE, Stoneley M, MacFarlane M, Fischer PM, Hirst J, Kellam B, Willis AE. Identification of a novel toxicophore in anti-cancer chemotherapeutics that targets mitochondrial respiratory complex I. eLife 2020; 9:55845. [PMID: 32432547 PMCID: PMC7316505 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial function selectively targets tumour cells that are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. However, due to their high energy demands, cardiac cells are disproportionately targeted by mitochondrial toxins resulting in a loss of cardiac function. An analysis of the effects of mubritinib on cardiac cells showed that this drug did not inhibit HER2 as reported, but directly inhibits mitochondrial respiratory complex I, reducing cardiac-cell beat rate, with prolonged exposure resulting in cell death. We used a library of chemical variants of mubritinib and showed that modifying the 1H-1,2,3-triazole altered complex I inhibition, identifying the heterocyclic 1,3-nitrogen motif as the toxicophore. The same toxicophore is present in a second anti-cancer therapeutic carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) and we demonstrate that CAI also functions through complex I inhibition, mediated by the toxicophore. Complex I inhibition is directly linked to anti-cancer cell activity, with toxicophore modification ablating the desired effects of these compounds on cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. The pharmaceutical industry needs to make safe and effective drugs. At the same time this industry is under pressure to keep the costs of developing these drugs at an acceptable level. Drugs work by interacting with and typically blocking a specific target, such as a protein in a particular type of cell. Sometimes, however, drugs also bind other unexpected targets. These “off-target” effects can be the reason for a drug’s toxicity, and it is important – both for the benefit of patients and the money that can be saved when developing drugs – to identify how drugs cause toxic side effects. The earlier researchers detect off-target effects, the better. Recent data has suggested that an anti-cancer drug called mubritinib has off-target effects on the compartments within cells that provide the cell with most of their energy, the mitochondria. This drug’s intended target is a protein called HER2, which is found in large amounts on the surfaces of some breast cancer cells. Yet if mubritinib has this off-target effect on mitochondria, it may be harmful to other cells including heart cells because the heart is an organ that needs a large amount of energy from its mitochondria. Stephenson et al. have now performed experiments to show that mubritinib does not actually interact with HER2 at all, but only targets mitochondria. The effect of mubritinib as an anti-cancer drug is therefore only due to its activity against mitochondria. Digging deeper into the chemistry revealed the small parts of its chemical structure that was responsible for mubritinib’s toxicity against heart cells, the so-called toxic substructure. Another anti-cancer drug called carboxyamidotriazole also has the same toxic substructure. Carboxyamidotriazole is supposed to stop cells from taking up calcium ions, but a final set of experiments demonstrated that this drug also only acts by inhibiting mitochondria. Often there is not enough information about many drugs’ substructures, meaning off-target effects and toxicities cannot be predicted. The pharmaceutical industry will now be able to benefit from this new knowledge about the toxic substructures within some drugs. This research may also help patients who take mubritinib or carboxyamidotriazole, because their doctors will have to check for side effects on the heart more carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Stephenson
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F Harvey
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R Pryde
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Mistry
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E Hardy
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Serreli
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Injae Chung
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Eh Allen
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stoneley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Alhajala HS, Markley JL, Kim JH, Al-Gizawiy MM, Schmainda KM, Kuo JS, Chitambar CR. The cytotoxicity of gallium maltolate in glioblastoma cells is enhanced by metformin through combined action on mitochondrial complex 1. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1531-1544. [PMID: 32391122 PMCID: PMC7197450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
New drugs are needed for glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. We recently reported that gallium maltolate (GaM) retards the growth of glioblastoma in a rat orthotopic brain tumor model by inhibiting mitochondrial function and iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase (RR). However, GaM's mechanism of action at the mitochondrial level is not known. Given the interaction between gallium and iron metabolism, we hypothesized that gallium might target iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing mitochondrial proteins. Using Extracellular Flux Analyzer technology, we confirmed that after a 24-h incubation, GaM 50 μmol/L inhibited glioblastoma cell growth by <10% but inhibited cellular oxygen consumption rate by 44% and abrogated mitochondrial reserve capacity. GaM blocked mitochondrial complex I activity and produced a 2.9-fold increase in cellular ROS. NMR spectroscopy revealed that gallium binds to IscU, the bacterial scaffold protein for Fe-S cluster assembly and stabilizes its folded state. Gallium inhibited the rate of in vitro cluster assembly catalyzed by bacterial cysteine desulfurase in a reaction mixture containing IscU, Fe (II), DTT, and L-cysteine. Metformin, a complex I inhibitor, enhanced GaM's inhibition of complex I, further increased cellular ROS levels, and synergistically enhanced GaM's cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells in 2-D and 3-D cultures. Metformin did not affect GaM action on cellular iron uptake or transferrin receptor1 expression nor did it enhance the cytotoxicity of the RR inhibitor Didox. Our results show that GaM inhibits complex I by disrupting iron-sulfur cluster assembly and that its cytotoxicity can be synergistically enhanced by metformin through combined action on complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham S. Alhajala
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John L. Markley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jin Hae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mona M. Al-Gizawiy
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - John S. Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher R. Chitambar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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115
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Varkuti BH, Liu Z, Kepiro M, Pacifico R, Gai Y, Kamenecka T, Davis RL. High-Throughput Small Molecule Screen Identifies Modulators of Mitochondrial Function in Neurons. iScience 2020; 23:100931. [PMID: 32146326 PMCID: PMC7063260 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a high-throughput assay for modulators of mitochondrial function in neurons measuring inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP production. The assay was used to screen a library of small molecules, which led to the identification of structural/functional classes of mitochondrial modulators such as local anesthetics, isoflavones, COXII inhibitors, adrenergic receptor blockers, and neurotransmitter system effectors. Our results show that some of the isolated compounds promote mitochondrial health, enhance oxygen consumption rate, and protect neurons against toxic insults found in the cellular environment of Alzheimer disease. These studies offer a set of compounds that may provide efficacy in protecting the mitochondrial system in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglarka H Varkuti
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Miklos Kepiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Rodrigo Pacifico
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yunchao Gai
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ted Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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116
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Deguchi H, Ikeda M, Ide T, Tadokoro T, Ikeda S, Okabe K, Ishikita A, Saku K, Matsushima S, Tsutsui H. Roxadustat Markedly Reduces Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Circ J 2020; 84:1028-1033. [PMID: 32213720 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an effective procedure to protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) is a key molecule in IPC, and roxadustat (RXD), a first-in-class prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein inhibitor, has been recently developed to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Thus, we investigated whether RXD pretreatment protects against I/R injury.Methods and Results:RXD pretreatment markedly reduced the infarct size and suppressed plasma creatinine kinase activity in a murine I/R model. Analysis of oxygen metabolism showed that RXD could produce ischemic tolerance by shifting metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic respiration. CONCLUSIONS RXD pretreatment may be a novel strategy against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Deguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tomonori Tadokoro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Soichiro Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kosuke Okabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Akihito Ishikita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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117
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Role of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase in the Regulation of Proliferation, Migration, and Bioenergetics in Murine Colon Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030447. [PMID: 32183148 PMCID: PMC7175125 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) has emerged as one of the significant sources of biologically active sulfur species in various mammalian cells. The current study was designed to investigate the functional role of 3-MST’s catalytic activity in the murine colon cancer cell line CT26. The novel pharmacological 3-MST inhibitor HMPSNE was used to assess cancer cell proliferation, migration and bioenergetics in vitro. Methods included measurements of cell viability (MTT and LDH assays), cell proliferation and in vitro wound healing (IncuCyte) and cellular bioenergetics (Seahorse extracellular flux analysis). 3-MST expression was detected by Western blotting; H2S production was measured by the fluorescent dye AzMC. The results show that CT26 cells express 3-MST protein and mRNA, as well as several enzymes involved in H2S degradation (TST, ETHE1). Pharmacological inhibition of 3-MST concentration-dependently suppressed H2S production and, at 100 and 300 µM, attenuated CT26 proliferation and migration. HMPSNE exerted a bell-shaped effect on several cellular bioenergetic parameters related to oxidative phosphorylation, while other bioenergetic parameters were either unaffected or inhibited at the highest concentration of the inhibitor tested (300 µM). In contrast to 3-MST, the expression of CBS (another H2S producing enzyme which has been previously implicated in the regulation of various biological parameters in other tumor cells) was not detectable in CT26 cells and pharmacological inhibition of CBS exerted no significant effects on CT26 proliferation or bioenergetics. In summary, 3-MST catalytic activity significantly contributes to the regulation of cellular proliferation, migration and bioenergetics in CT26 murine colon cancer cells. The current studies identify 3-MST as the principal source of biologically active H2S in this cell line.
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118
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Chande S, Caballero D, Ho BB, Fetene J, Serna J, Pesta D, Nasiri A, Jurczak M, Chavkin NW, Hernando N, Giachelli CM, Wagner CA, Zeiss C, Shulman GI, Bergwitz C. Slc20a1/Pit1 and Slc20a2/Pit2 are essential for normal skeletal myofiber function and survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3069. [PMID: 32080237 PMCID: PMC7033257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Low blood phosphate (Pi) reduces muscle function in hypophosphatemic disorders. Which Pi transporters are required and whether hormonal changes due to hypophosphatemia contribute to muscle function is unknown. To address these questions we generated a series of conditional knockout mice lacking one or both house-keeping Pi transporters Pit1 and Pit2 in skeletal muscle (sm), using the postnatally expressed human skeletal actin-cre. Simultaneous conditional deletion of both transporters caused skeletal muscle atrophy, resulting in death by postnatal day P13. smPit1-/-, smPit2-/- and three allele mutants are fertile and have normal body weights, suggesting a high degree of redundance for the two transporters in skeletal muscle. However, these mice show a gene-dose dependent reduction in running activity also seen in another hypophosphatemic model (Hyp mice). In contrast to Hyp mice, grip strength is preserved. Further evaluation of the mechanism shows reduced ERK1/2 activation and stimulation of AMP kinase in skeletal muscle from smPit1-/-; smPit2-/- mice consistent with energy-stress. Similarly, C2C12 myoblasts show a reduced oxygen consumption rate mediated by Pi transport-dependent and ERK1/2-dependent metabolic Pi sensing pathways. In conclusion, we here show that Pit1 and Pit2 are essential for normal myofiber function and survival, insights which may improve management of hypophosphatemic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Chande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Caballero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bryan B Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Fetene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juan Serna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Department of Cellular&Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ali Nasiri
- Department of Cellular&Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Jurczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular&Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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119
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Palmieri EM, Gonzalez-Cotto M, Baseler WA, Davies LC, Ghesquière B, Maio N, Rice CM, Rouault TA, Cassel T, Higashi RM, Lane AN, Fan TWM, Wink DA, McVicar DW. Nitric oxide orchestrates metabolic rewiring in M1 macrophages by targeting aconitase 2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:698. [PMID: 32019928 PMCID: PMC7000728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Profound metabolic changes are characteristic of macrophages during classical activation and have been implicated in this phenotype. Here we demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) produced by murine macrophages is responsible for TCA cycle alterations and citrate accumulation associated with polarization. 13C tracing and mitochondrial respiration experiments map NO-mediated suppression of metabolism to mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2). Moreover, we find that inflammatory macrophages reroute pyruvate away from pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in an NO-dependent and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α)-independent manner, thereby promoting glutamine-based anaplerosis. Ultimately, NO accumulation leads to suppression and loss of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes. Our data reveal that macrophages metabolic rewiring, in vitro and in vivo, is dependent on NO targeting specific pathways, resulting in reduced production of inflammatory mediators. Our findings require modification to current models of macrophage biology and demonstrate that reprogramming of metabolism should be considered a result rather than a mediator of inflammatory polarization. Production of inflammatory mediators by M1-polarized macrophages is thought to rely on suppression of mitochondrial metabolism in favor of glycolysis. Refining this concept, here the authors define metabolic targets of nitric oxide as responsible for the mitochondrial rewiring resulting from polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Palmieri
- Leukocyte Signaling Section, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marieli Gonzalez-Cotto
- Leukocyte Signaling Section, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Walter A Baseler
- Leukocyte Signaling Section, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Luke C Davies
- Leukocyte Signaling Section, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.,Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nunziata Maio
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Rice
- Leukocyte Signaling Section, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Tracey A Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa Cassel
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center and Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center and Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center and Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center and Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Chemical and Molecular Inflammation Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Leukocyte Signaling Section, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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120
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Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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121
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Koenis DS, Medzikovic L, van Loenen PB, van Weeghel M, Huveneers S, Vos M, Evers-van Gogh IJ, Van den Bossche J, Speijer D, Kim Y, Wessels L, Zelcer N, Zwart W, Kalkhoven E, de Vries CJ. Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Limits the Macrophage Inflammatory Response through Transcriptional Reprogramming of Mitochondrial Metabolism. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2127-2140.e7. [PMID: 30134173 PMCID: PMC6113932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of macrophages by inflammatory stimuli induces reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism to support the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Hallmarks of this metabolic rewiring are downregulation of α-ketoglutarate formation by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and accumulation of glutamine-derived succinate, which enhances the inflammatory response via the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Here, we identify the nuclear receptor Nur77 (Nr4a1) as a key upstream transcriptional regulator of this pro-inflammatory metabolic switch in macrophages. Nur77-deficient macrophages fail to downregulate IDH expression and accumulate higher levels of succinate and other TCA cycle-derived metabolites in response to inflammatory stimulation in a glutamine-independent manner. Consequently, these macrophages produce more nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines in an SDH-dependent manner. In vivo, bone marrow Nur77 deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis development and leads to increased circulating succinate levels. In summary, Nur77 induces an anti-inflammatory metabolic state in macrophages that protects against chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Genome-wide profiling indicates that Nur77 regulates macrophage mitochondrial metabolism Nur77 inhibits IDH expression and TCA cycle activity in inflammatory macrophages Nur77-deficient macrophages produce more nitric oxide and cytokines via SDH Nur77 deficiency increases circulating succinate levels and atherosclerosis in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Duco Steven Koenis
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Bas van Loenen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Johanna Evers-van Gogh
- Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Speijer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie Jacoba de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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122
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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Platelets Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Circulating mtDNA in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020311. [PMID: 31979097 PMCID: PMC7073649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are devastating disorders and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is complex and multifactorial and, in the past years, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained growing attention. Indeed, CVDs can be considered as a systemic alteration, and understanding the eventual implication of circulating blood cells peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and or platelets, and particularly their mitochondrial function, ROS production, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) releases in patients with cardiac impairments, appears worthwhile. Interestingly, reports consistently demonstrate a reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain oxidative capacity related to the degree of CVD severity and to an increased ROS production by PBMCs. Further, circulating mtDNA level was generally modified in such patients. These data are critical steps in term of cardiac disease comprehension and further studies are warranted to challenge the possible adjunct of PBMCs’ and platelets’ mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and circulating mtDNA as biomarkers of CVD diagnosis and prognosis. This new approach might also allow further interesting therapeutic developments.
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123
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Madhusudhan N, Hu B, Mishra P, Calva-Moreno JF, Patel K, Boriack R, Ready JM, Nijhawan D. Target Discovery of Selective Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Toxins Reveals Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Complex I. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:158-170. [PMID: 31874028 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective toxicity among cancer cells of the same lineage is a hallmark of targeted therapies. As such, identifying compounds that impair proliferation of a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines represents one strategy to discover new drugs for lung cancer. Previously, phenotypic screens of 202 103 compounds led to the identification of 208 selective NSCLC toxins ( McMillan , E. A. , Cell , 2018 , 173 , 864 ). The mechanism of action for the majority of these compounds remains unknown. Here, we discovered the target for a series of quinazoline diones (QDC) that demonstrate selective toxicity among 96 NSCLC lines. Using photoreactive probes, we found that the QDC binds to both mitochondrial complex I of the electron transport chain and hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase subunit alpha (HADHA), which catalyzes long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Inhibition of complex I is the on-target activity for QDC, while binding to HADHA is off-target. The sensitivity profile of the QDC across NSCLC lines correlated with the sensitivity profiles of six additional structurally distinct compounds. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds is also the consequence of binding to mitochondrial complex I, reflecting significant structural diversity among complex I inhibitors. Small molecules targeting complex I are currently in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Our results highlight complex I as a target in NSCLC and report structurally diverse scaffolds that inhibit complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Madhusudhan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children’s Medical Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Josè F. Calva-Moreno
- Medical Scientist Training Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Richard Boriack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Health, Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Joseph M. Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Deepak Nijhawan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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124
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Inhibition of Alternative Cancer Cell Metabolism of EGFR Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Serves as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010181. [PMID: 31936895 PMCID: PMC7017237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is an efficient treatment for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic resistance invariably occurs in NSCLC patients. Many studies have focused on drug resistance mechanisms, but only a few have addressed the metabolic flexibility in drug-resistant NSCLC. In the present study, we found that during the developing resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), TKI-resistant NSCLC cells acquired metabolic flexibility in that they switched from dependence on glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation by substantially increasing the activity of the mitochondria. Concurrently, we found the predominant expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) in the TKI-resistant NSCLC cells was strongly increased in those cells that oxidized lactate. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibiting MCT-1 could represent a novel treatment strategy. We treated cells with the MCT-1 inhibitor AZD3965. We found a significant decrease in cell proliferation and cell motility in TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells harbored higher mitochondrial bioenergetics and MCT-1 expression. These results implied that targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins or MCT-1 could serve as potential treatments for both TKI-sensitive and -resistant non-small cell lung cancer.
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125
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Smith MR, Chacko BK, Johnson MS, Benavides GA, Uppal K, Go YM, Jones DP, Darley-Usmar VM. A precision medicine approach to defining the impact of doxorubicin on the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome in human platelets. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101311. [PMID: 31546171 PMCID: PMC6812033 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive measures of the response of individual patients to cancer therapeutics is an emerging strategy in precision medicine. Platelets offer a potential dynamic marker for metabolism and bioenergetic responses in individual patients since they have active glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and can be easily isolated from a small blood sample. We have recently shown how the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome can be defined in platelets isolated from human subjects by measuring metabolites and bioenergetics in the same sample. In the present study, we used a model system to assess test the hypothesis that this interactome is modified by xenobiotics using exposure to the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) in individual donors. We found that unsupervised analysis of the metabolome showed clear differentiation between the control and Dox treated group. Dox treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in bioenergetic parameters with maximal respiration being most sensitive and this was associated with significant changes in over 166 features. A metabolome-wide association study of Dox was also conducted, and Dox was found to have associations with metabolites in the glycolytic and TCA cycle pathways. Lastly, network analysis showed the impact of Dox on the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome and revealed profound changes in the regulation of reserve capacity. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that platelets are a suitable platform to predict and monitor therapeutic efficacy as well as anticipate susceptibility to toxicity in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ryan Smith
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Balu K Chacko
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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126
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Hypomorphic variants in AK2 reveal the contribution of mitochondrial function to B-cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 146:192-202. [PMID: 31862378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene AK2 encodes the phosphotransferase adenylate kinase 2 (AK2). Human variants in AK2 cause reticular dysgenesis, a severe combined immunodeficiency with agranulocytosis, lymphopenia, and sensorineural deafness that requires hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for survival. OBJECTIVE We investigated the mechanisms underlying recurrent sinopulmonary infections and hypogammaglobulinemia in 15 patients, ranging from 3 to 34 years of age, from 9 kindreds. Only 2 patients, both of whom had mildly impaired T-cell proliferation, each had a single clinically significant opportunistic infection. METHODS Patient cells were studied with next-generation DNA sequencing, tandem mass spectrometry, and assays of lymphocyte and mitochondrial function. RESULTS We identified 2 different homozygous variants in AK2. AK2G100S and AK2A182D permit residual protein expression, enzymatic activity, and normal numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes. All but 1 patient had intact hearing. The patients' B cells had severely impaired proliferation and in vitro immunoglobulin secretion. With activation, the patients' B cells exhibited defective mitochondrial respiration and impaired regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and quality. Although activated T cells from the patients with opportunistic infections demonstrated impaired mitochondrial function, the mitochondrial quality in T cells was preserved. Consistent with the capacity of activated T cells to utilize nonmitochondrial metabolism, these findings revealed a less strict cellular dependence of T-cell function on AK2 activity. Chemical inhibition of ATP synthesis in control T and B cells similarly demonstrated the greater dependency of B cells on mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS Our patients demonstrate the in vivo sequelae of the cell-specific requirements for the functions of AK2 and mitochondria, particularly in B-cell activation and antibody production.
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127
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Afzal A, Figueroa EE, Kharade SV, Bittman K, Matlock BK, Flaherty DK, Denton JS. The LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channel inhibitor, DCPIB, inhibits mitochondrial respiration independently of the channel. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14303. [PMID: 31814333 PMCID: PMC6900491 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) since the recent cloning of the LRRC8A-E gene family that encodes VRAC. The channel is a heteromer comprised of LRRC8A and at least one other family member; disruption of LRRC8A expression abolishes VRAC activity. The best-in-class VRAC inhibitor, DCPIB, suffers from off-target activity toward several different channels and transporters. Considering that some anion channel inhibitors also suppress mitochondrial respiration, we systematically explored whether DCPIB inhibits respiration in wild type (WT) and LRRC8A-knockout HAP-1 and HEK-293 cells. Knockout of LRRC8A had no apparent effects on cell morphology, proliferation rate, mitochondrial content, or expression of several mitochondrial genes in HAP-1 cells. Addition of 10 µM DCPIB, a concentration typically used to inhibit VRAC, suppressed basal and ATP-linked respiration in part through uncoupling the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) proton gradient and membrane potential. Additionally, DCPIB inhibits the activity of complex I, II, and III of the electron transport chain (ETC). Surprisingly, the effects of DCPIB on mitochondrial function are also observed in HAP-1 and HEK-293 cells which lack LRRC8A expression. Finally, we demonstrate that DCPIB activates ATP-inhibitable potassium channels comprised of heterologously expressed Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits. These data indicate that DCPIB suppresses mitochondrial respiration and ATP production by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting complexes I-III of the ETC. They further justify the need for the development of sharper pharmacological tools for evaluating the integrative physiology and therapeutic potential of VRAC in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Afzal
- Department of Neurological SurgeryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Eric E. Figueroa
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Sujay V. Kharade
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | | | - Brittany K. Matlock
- Vanderbilt Vaccine CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - David K. Flaherty
- Vanderbilt Vaccine CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Jerod S. Denton
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
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128
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Michels S, Dolga AM, Braun MD, Kisko TM, Sungur AÖ, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Dempfle A, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW, Culmsee C. Interaction of the Psychiatric Risk Gene Cacna1c With Post-weaning Social Isolation or Environmental Enrichment Does Not Affect Brain Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:483. [PMID: 31708752 PMCID: PMC6823196 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Confirmed by several genome-wide association studies, Cacna1c represents one of the most robustly replicated psychiatric risk genes. Besides genetic predispositions, environmental stress such as childhood maltreatment also contributes to enhanced disease vulnerability. Both, Cacna1c gene variants and stressful life events are associated with morphological alterations in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Emerging evidence suggests impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics as a possible underlying mechanism of these regional brain abnormalities. In the present study, we simulated the interaction of psychiatric disease-relevant genetic and environmental factors in rodents to investigate their potential effect on brain mitochondrial function using a constitutive heterozygous Cacna1c rat model in combination with a four-week exposure to either post-weaning social isolation, standard housing, or social and physical environmental enrichment. Mitochondria were isolated from the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus to evaluate their bioenergetics, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, and respiratory chain complex protein levels. None of these parameters were considerably affected in this particular gene-environment setting. These negative results were very robust in all tested conditions demonstrating that Cacna1c depletion did not significantly translate into altered bioenergetic characteristics. Thus, further investigations are required to determine the disease-related effects on brain mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Michels
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Moria D Braun
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Theresa M Kisko
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Özge Sungur
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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129
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Min HY, Jang HJ, Park KH, Hyun SY, Park SJ, Kim JH, Son J, Kang SS, Lee HY. The natural compound gracillin exerts potent antitumor activity by targeting mitochondrial complex II. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:810. [PMID: 31649278 PMCID: PMC6813327 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cancer bioenergetics and are considered a potential target for anticancer therapy. Considering the limited efficacy and toxicity of currently available mitochondria-targeting agents, it is necessary to develop effective mitochondria-targeting anticancer drugs. By screening a large chemical library consisting of natural products with diverse chemical entities, we identified gracillin, a steroidal saponin, as a mitochondria-targeting antitumor drug. Gracillin displayed broad-spectrum inhibitory effects on the viability of a large panel of human cancer cell lines, including those carrying acquired resistance to chemotherapy or EGFR-targeting drugs, by inducing apoptosis. We show that gracillin attenuates mitochondria-mediated cellular bioenergetics by suppressing ATP synthesis and by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanistically, gracillin disrupts complex II (CII) function by abrogating succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity without affecting the succinate:ubiquinone reductase. The gracillin-induced cell death was potentiated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) or thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), which inhibit CII by binding to the active site of SDHA or to the ubiquinone-binding site, respectively. Finally, we show that gracillin effectively suppressed the mutant-Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis and the growth of xenograft tumors derived from cell lines or patient tissues. Gracillin displayed no obvious pathophysiological features in mice. Collectively, gracillin has potential as a CII-targeting antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Park
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Sik Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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130
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Christoforow A, Wilke J, Binici A, Pahl A, Ostermann C, Sievers S, Waldmann H. Design, Synthesis, and Phenotypic Profiling of Pyrano-Furo-Pyridone Pseudo Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14715-14723. [PMID: 31339620 PMCID: PMC7687248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) inspire the design and synthesis of novel biologically relevant chemical matter, for instance through biology-oriented synthesis (BIOS). However, BIOS is limited by the partial coverage of NP-like chemical space by the guiding NPs. The design and synthesis of "pseudo NPs" overcomes these limitations by combining NP-inspired strategies with fragment-based compound design through de novo combination of NP-derived fragments to unprecedented compound classes not accessible through biosynthesis. We describe the development and biological evaluation of pyrano-furo-pyridone (PFP) pseudo NPs, which combine pyridone- and dihydropyran NP fragments in three isomeric arrangements. Cheminformatic analysis indicates that the PFPs reside in an area of NP-like chemical space not covered by existing NPs but rather by drugs and related compounds. Phenotypic profiling in a target-agnostic "cell painting" assay revealed that PFPs induce formation of reactive oxygen species and are structurally novel inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christoforow
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Julian Wilke
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Aylin Binici
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Compound Management and Screening Center, DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str. 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Claude Ostermann
- Compound Management and Screening Center, DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str. 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center, DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str. 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
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131
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Dimeloe S, Gubser P, Loeliger J, Frick C, Develioglu L, Fischer M, Marquardsen F, Bantug GR, Thommen D, Lecoultre Y, Zippelius A, Langenkamp A, Hess C. Tumor-derived TGF-β inhibits mitochondrial respiration to suppress IFN-γ production by human CD4 + T cells. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/599/eaav3334. [PMID: 31530731 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is produced by tumors, and increased amounts of this cytokine in the tumor microenvironment and serum are associated with poor patient survival. TGF-β-mediated suppression of antitumor T cell responses contributes to tumor growth and survival. However, TGF-β also has tumor-suppressive activity; thus, dissecting cell type-specific molecular effects may inform therapeutic strategies targeting this cytokine. Here, using human peripheral and tumor-associated lymphocytes, we investigated how tumor-derived TGF-β suppresses a key antitumor function of CD4+ T cells, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Suppression required the expression and phosphorylation of Smad proteins in the TGF-β signaling pathway, but not their nuclear translocation, and depended on oxygen availability, suggesting a metabolic basis for these effects. Smad proteins were detected in the mitochondria of CD4+ T cells, where they were phosphorylated upon treatment with TGF-β. Phosphorylated Smad proteins were also detected in the mitochondria of isolated tumor-associated lymphocytes. TGF-β substantially impaired the ATP-coupled respiration of CD4+ T cells and specifically inhibited mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) activity. Last, inhibition of ATP synthase alone was sufficient to impair IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. These results, which have implications for human antitumor immunity, suggest that TGF-β targets T cell metabolism directly, thus diminishing T cell function through metabolic paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dimeloe
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. .,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patrick Gubser
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Loeliger
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corina Frick
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Develioglu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fischer
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Marquardsen
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Thommen
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannic Lecoultre
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
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132
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Burgener AV, Bantug GR, Meyer BJ, Higgins R, Ghosh A, Bignucolo O, Ma EH, Loeliger J, Unterstab G, Geigges M, Steiner R, Enamorado M, Ivanek R, Hunziker D, Schmidt A, Müller-Durovic B, Grählert J, Epple R, Dimeloe S, Lötscher J, Sauder U, Ebnöther M, Burger B, Heijnen I, Martínez-Cano S, Cantoni N, Brücker R, Kahlert CR, Sancho D, Jones RG, Navarini A, Recher M, Hess C. SDHA gain-of-function engages inflammatory mitochondrial retrograde signaling via KEAP1-Nrf2. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1311-1321. [PMID: 31527833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether screening the metabolic activity of immune cells facilitates discovery of molecular pathology remains unknown. Here we prospectively screened the extracellular acidification rate as a measure of glycolysis and the oxygen consumption rate as a measure of mitochondrial respiration in B cells from patients with primary antibody deficiency. The highest oxygen consumption rate values were detected in three study participants with persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis (PPBL). Exome sequencing identified germline mutations in SDHA, which encodes succinate dehydrogenase subunit A, in all three patients with PPBL. SDHA gain-of-function led to an accumulation of fumarate in PPBL B cells, which engaged the KEAP1-Nrf2 system to drive the transcription of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. In a single patient trial, blocking the activity of the cytokine interleukin-6 in vivo prevented systemic inflammation and ameliorated clinical disease. Overall, our study has identified pathological mitochondrial retrograde signaling as a disease modifier in primary antibody deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Valérie Burgener
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedikt J Meyer
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Higgins
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bignucolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric H Ma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jordan Loeliger
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild Unterstab
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Geigges
- Epigenomics Group, D-BSSE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebekah Steiner
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Enamorado
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Hunziker
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bojana Müller-Durovic
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Grählert
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raja Epple
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Sauder
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Ebnöther
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Burger
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Division Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarai Martínez-Cano
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Cantoni
- Division of Hematology, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Brücker
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Anna, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russell G Jones
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Navarini
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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133
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Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Suzuki T, Hobo R, Nakasato N, Takeda S, Inoue S. Mitochondrial supercomplex assembly promotes breast and endometrial tumorigenesis by metabolic alterations and enhanced hypoxia tolerance. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4108. [PMID: 31511525 PMCID: PMC6739376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advance in cancer research sheds light on the contribution of mitochondrial respiration in tumorigenesis, as they efficiently produce ATP and oncogenic metabolites that will facilitate cancer cell growth. Here we show that a stabilizing factor for mitochondrial supercomplex assembly, COX7RP/COX7A2L/SCAF1, is abundantly expressed in clinical breast and endometrial cancers. Moreover, COX7RP overexpression associates with prognosis of breast cancer patients. We demonstrate that COX7RP overexpression in breast and endometrial cancer cells promotes in vitro and in vivo growth, stabilizes mitochondrial supercomplex assembly even in hypoxic states, and increases hypoxia tolerance. Metabolomic analyses reveal that COX7RP overexpression modulates the metabolic profile of cancer cells, particularly the steady-state levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Notably, silencing of each subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex decreases the COX7RP-stimulated cancer cell growth. Our results indicate that COX7RP is a growth-regulatory factor for breast and endometrial cancer cells by regulating metabolic pathways and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Departments of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rutsuko Hobo
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981, Tsujido, Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Norie Nakasato
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981, Tsujido, Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981, Tsujido, Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama, 350-1241, Japan. .,Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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134
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Morganti C, Bonora M, Ito K, Ito K. Electron transport chain complex II sustains high mitochondrial membrane potential in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101573. [PMID: 31539857 PMCID: PMC6802285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in the fate determination of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is not solely limited to the switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, but also involves alterations in mitochondrial features and properties, including mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt). HSPCs have a high ΔΨmt even when the rates of respiration and phosphorylation are low, and we have previously shown that the minimum proton flow through ATP synthesis (or complex V) enables high ΔΨmt in HSPCs. Here we show that HSPCs sustain a unique equilibrium between electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and ATP production. HSPCs exhibit high expression of ETC complex II, which sustains complex III in proton pumping, although the expression levels of complex I or V are relatively low. Complex II inhibition by TTFA caused a substantial decrease of ΔΨmt, particularly in HSPCs, while the inhibition of complex I by Rotenone mainly affected mature populations. Functionally, pharmacological inhibition of complex II reduced in vitro colony-replating capacity but this was not observed when complex I was inhibited, which supports the distinct roles of complex I and II in HSPCs. Taken together, these data highlight complex II as a key regulator of ΔΨmt in HSPCs and open new and interesting questions regarding the precise mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial control to maintain hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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135
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Mitofusins modulate the increase in mitochondrial length, bioenergetics and secretory phenotype in therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells. Biochem J 2019; 476:2463-2486. [PMID: 31431479 PMCID: PMC6735661 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an endpoint of chemotherapy, and targeted therapies in melanoma and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can affect tumor growth and microenvironment, influencing treatment outcomes. Metabolic interventions can modulate the SASP, and an enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism supports resistance to therapy in melanoma cells. Herein, we assessed the mitochondrial function of therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells obtained after exposing the cells to temozolomide (TMZ), a methylating chemotherapeutic agent. Senescence induction in melanoma was accompanied by a substantial increase in mitochondrial basal, ATP-linked, and maximum respiration rates and in coupling efficiency, spare respiratory capacity, and respiratory control ratio. Further examinations revealed an increase in mitochondrial mass and length. Alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology were confirmed in isolated senescent cells, obtained by cell-size sorting. An increase in mitofusin 1 and 2 (MFN1 and 2) expression and levels was observed in senescent cells, pointing to alterations in mitochondrial fusion. Silencing mitofusin expression with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) prevented the increase in mitochondrial length, oxygen consumption rate and secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a component of the SASP, in melanoma senescent cells. Our results represent the first in-depth study of mitochondrial function in therapy-induced senescence in melanoma. They indicate that senescence increases mitochondrial mass, length and energy metabolism; and highlight mitochondria as potential pharmacological targets to modulate senescence and the SASP.
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136
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Overproduction of H 2S, generated by CBS, inhibits mitochondrial Complex IV and suppresses oxidative phosphorylation in Down syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18769-18771. [PMID: 31481613 PMCID: PMC6754544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911895116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with significant perturbances in mitochondrial function. Here we tested the hypothesis that the suppression of mitochondrial electron transport in DS cells is due to high expression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and subsequent overproduction of the gaseous transmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Fibroblasts from DS individuals showed higher CBS expression than control cells; CBS localization was both cytosolic and mitochondrial. DS cells produced significantly more H2S and polysulfide and exhibited a profound suppression of mitochondrial electron transport, oxygen consumption, and ATP generation. DS cells also exhibited slower proliferation rates. In DS cells, pharmacological inhibition of CBS activity with aminooxyacetate or siRNA-mediated silencing of CBS normalized cellular H2S levels, restored Complex IV activity, improved mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis, and restored cell proliferation. Thus, CBS-derived H2S is responsible for the suppression of mitochondrial function in DS cells. When H2S overproduction is corrected, the tonic suppression of Complex IV is lifted, and mitochondrial electron transport is restored. CBS inhibition offers a potential approach for the pharmacological correction of DS-associated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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137
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Vázquez-Fonseca L, Schaefer J, Navas-Enamorado I, Santos-Ocaña C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Guerra I, Cascajo MV, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Horvath Z, Siendones E, Jou C, Casado M, Gutiérrez P, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Matté C, Ribes A, Prieto-Soler SY, Dominguez-Del-Toro E, Francesco AD, Aon MA, Bernier M, Salviati L, Artuch R, Cabo RD, Jackson S, Navas P. ADCK2 Haploinsufficiency Reduces Mitochondrial Lipid Oxidation and Causes Myopathy Associated with CoQ Deficiency. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091374. [PMID: 31480808 PMCID: PMC6780728 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids and glucose are the main bioenergetic substrates in mammals. Impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation causes mitochondrial myopathy leading to decreased physical performance. Here, we report that haploinsufficiency of ADCK2, a member of the aarF domain-containing mitochondrial protein kinase family, in human is associated with liver dysfunction and severe mitochondrial myopathy with lipid droplets in skeletal muscle. In order to better understand the etiology of this rare disorder, we generated a heterozygous Adck2 knockout mouse model to perform in vivo and cellular studies using integrated analysis of physiological and omics data (transcriptomics–metabolomics). The data showed that Adck2+/− mice exhibited impaired fatty acid oxidation, liver dysfunction, and mitochondrial myopathy in skeletal muscle resulting in lower physical performance. Significant decrease in Coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis was observed and supplementation with CoQ partially rescued the phenotype both in the human subject and mouse model. These results indicate that ADCK2 is involved in organismal fatty acid metabolism and in CoQ biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. We propose that patients with isolated myopathies and myopathies involving lipid accumulation be tested for possible ADCK2 defect as they are likely to be responsive to CoQ supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vázquez-Fonseca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Jochen Schaefer
- Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Guerra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoltan Horvath
- Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emilio Siendones
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Chemistry and Pathology Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08000 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Casado
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Chemistry and Pathology Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08000 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Purificación Gutiérrez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Cortés-Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonia Ribes
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
- Secciód'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme-IBC, Servei de Bioquímica I Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clinic, 08000 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea di Francesco
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Chemistry and Pathology Departments, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08000 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - Sandra Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28000 Madrid, Spain.
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138
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Glycerol phosphate shuttle enzyme GPD2 regulates macrophage inflammatory responses. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1186-1195. [PMID: 31384058 PMCID: PMC6707851 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are activated during microbial infection to coordinate inflammatory responses and host defense. Here we find that in macrophages activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) regulates glucose oxidation to drive inflammatory responses. GPD2, a component of the glycerol phosphate shuttle, boosts glucose oxidation to fuel the production of acetyl coenzyme A, acetylation of histones and induction of genes encoding inflammatory mediators. While acute exposure to LPS drives macrophage activation, prolonged exposure to LPS triggers tolerance to LPS, where macrophages induce immunosuppression to limit the detrimental effects of sustained inflammation. The shift in the inflammatory response is modulated by GPD2, which coordinates a shutdown of oxidative metabolism; this limits the availability of acetyl coenzyme A for histone acetylation at genes encoding inflammatory mediators and thus contributes to the suppression of inflammatory responses. Therefore, GPD2 and the glycerol phosphate shuttle integrate the extent of microbial stimulation with glucose oxidation to balance the beneficial and detrimental effects of the inflammatory response.
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139
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Respiration of permeabilized cardiomyocytes from mice: no sex differences, but substrate-dependent changes in the apparent ADP-affinity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12592. [PMID: 31467353 PMCID: PMC6715638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiac physiology are getting increased attention. This study assessed whether isolated, permeabilized cardiomyocytes from male and female C57BL/6 mice differ in terms of their respiration with multiple substrates and overall intracellular diffusion restriction estimated by the apparent ADP-affinity of respiration. Using respirometry, we recorded 1) the activities of respiratory complexes I, II and IV, 2) the respiration rate with substrates fuelling either complex I, II, or I + II, and 3) the apparent ADP-affinity with substrates fuelling complex I and I + II. The respiration rates were normalized to protein content and citrate synthase (CS) activity. We found no sex differences in CS activity (a marker of mitochondrial content) normalized to protein content or in any of the respiration measurements. This suggests that cardiomyocytes from male and female mice do not differ in terms of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and apparent ADP-affinity. Pyruvate modestly lowered the respiration rate, when added to succinate, glutamate and malate. This may be explained by intramitochondrial compartmentalization caused by the formation of supercomplexes and their association with specific dehydrogenases. To our knowledge, we show for the first time that the apparent ADP-affinity was substrate-dependent. This suggests that substrates may change or regulate intracellular barriers in cardiomyocytes.
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140
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Christoforow A, Wilke J, Binici A, Pahl A, Ostermann C, Sievers S, Waldmann H. Design, Synthesis, and Phenotypic Profiling of Pyrano‐Furo‐Pyridone Pseudo Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christoforow
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Julian Wilke
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Aylin Binici
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Claude Ostermann
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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141
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Martano G, Borroni EM, Lopci E, Cattaneo MG, Mattioli M, Bachi A, Decimo I, Bifari F. Metabolism of Stem and Progenitor Cells: Proper Methods to Answer Specific Questions. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:151. [PMID: 31249511 PMCID: PMC6584756 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can stay quiescent for a long period of time or proliferate and differentiate into multiple lineages. The activity of stage-specific metabolic programs allows stem cells to best adapt their functions in different microenvironments. Specific cellular phenotypes can be, therefore, defined by precise metabolic signatures. Notably, not only cellular metabolism describes a defined cellular phenotype, but experimental evidence now clearly indicate that also rewiring cells towards a particular cellular metabolism can drive their cellular phenotype and function accordingly. Cellular metabolism can be studied by both targeted and untargeted approaches. Targeted analyses focus on a subset of identified metabolites and on their metabolic fluxes. In addition, the overall assessment of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) gives a measure of the overall cellular oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function. Untargeted approach provides a large-scale identification and quantification of the whole metabolome with the aim to describe a metabolic fingerprinting. In this review article, we overview the methodologies currently available for the study of invitro stem cell metabolism, including metabolic fluxes, fingerprint analyses, and single-cell metabolomics. Moreover, we summarize available approaches for the study of in vivo stem cell metabolism. For all of the described methods, we highlight their specificities and limitations. In addition, we discuss practical concerns about the most threatening steps, including metabolic quenching, sample preparation and extraction. A better knowledge of the precise metabolic signature defining specific cell population is instrumental to the design of novel therapeutic strategies able to drive undifferentiated stem cells towards a selective and valuable cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Monica Borroni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cattaneo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Mattioli
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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142
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Delp J, Funke M, Rudolf F, Cediel A, Bennekou SH, van der Stel W, Carta G, Jennings P, Toma C, Gardner I, van de Water B, Forsby A, Leist M. Development of a neurotoxicity assay that is tuned to detect mitochondrial toxicants. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1585-1608. [PMID: 31190196 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many neurotoxicants affect energy metabolism in man, but currently available test methods may still fail to predict mito- and neurotoxicity. We addressed this issue using LUHMES cells, i.e., human neuronal precursors that easily differentiate into mature neurons. Within the NeuriTox assay, they have been used to screen for neurotoxicants. Our new approach is based on culturing the cells in either glucose or galactose (Glc-Gal-NeuriTox) as the main carbohydrate source during toxicity testing. Using this Glc-Gal-NeuriTox assay, 52 mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial toxicants were tested. The panel of chemicals comprised 11 inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (cI), 4 inhibitors of cII, 8 of cIII, and 2 of cIV; 8 toxicants were included as they are assumed to be mitochondrial uncouplers. In galactose, cells became more dependent on mitochondrial function, which made them 2-3 orders of magnitude more sensitive to various mitotoxicants. Moreover, galactose enhanced the specific neurotoxicity (destruction of neurites) compared to a general cytotoxicity (plasma membrane lysis) of the toxicants. The Glc-Gal-NeuriTox assay worked particularly well for inhibitors of cI and cIII, while the toxicity of uncouplers and non-mitochondrial toxicants did not differ significantly upon glucose ↔ galactose exchange. As a secondary assay, we developed a method to quantify the inhibition of all mitochondrial respiratory chain functions/complexes in LUHMES cells. The combination of the Glc-Gal-NeuriTox neurotoxicity screening assay with the mechanistic follow up of target site identification allowed both, a more sensitive detection of neurotoxicants and a sharper definition of the mode of action of mitochondrial toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Delp
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
- Cooperative Doctorate College InViTe, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Melina Funke
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Franziska Rudolf
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Andrea Cediel
- Swetox Unit for Toxicological Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cosimo Toma
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Forsby
- Swetox Unit for Toxicological Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel Leist
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany.
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143
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Wright JN, Benavides GA, Johnson MS, Wani W, Ouyang X, Zou L, Collins HE, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar V, Chatham JC. Acute increases in O-GlcNAc indirectly impair mitochondrial bioenergetics through dysregulation of LonP1-mediated mitochondrial protein complex turnover. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C862-C875. [PMID: 30865517 PMCID: PMC6620580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00491.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins in distinct cellular compartments is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism regulating cellular function. Importantly, the O-GlcNAc modification of mitochondrial proteins has been identified as a potential mechanism to modulate metabolism under stress with both potentially beneficial and detrimental effects. This suggests that temporal and dose-dependent changes in O-GlcNAcylation may have different effects on mitochondrial function. In the current study, we found that acutely augmenting O-GlcNAc levels by inhibiting O-GlcNAcase with Thiamet-G for up to 6 h resulted in a time-dependent decrease in cellular bioenergetics and decreased mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV activities. Under these conditions, mitochondrial number was unchanged, whereas an increase in the protein levels of the subunits of several electron transport complex proteins was observed. However, the observed bioenergetic changes appeared not to be due to direct increased O-GlcNAc modification of complex subunit proteins. Increases in O-GlcNAc were also associated with an accumulation of mitochondrial ubiquitinated proteins; phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and p62 protein levels were also significantly increased. Interestingly, the increase in O-GlcNAc levels was associated with a decrease in the protein levels of the mitochondrial Lon protease homolog 1 (LonP1), which is known to target complex IV subunits and PINK1, in addition to other mitochondrial proteins. These data suggest that impaired bioenergetics associated with short-term increases in O-GlcNAc levels could be due to impaired, LonP1-dependent, mitochondrial complex protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaLessa N Wright
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Willayat Wani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiaosen Ouyang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Luyun Zou
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Helen E Collins
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
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144
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Kaiser N, Corkery D, Wu Y, Laraia L, Waldmann H. Modulation of autophagy by the novel mitochondrial complex I inhibitor Authipyrin. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2444-2448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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145
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Tardo-Dino PE, Touron J, Baugé S, Bourdon S, Koulmann N, Malgoyre A. The effect of a physiological increase in temperature on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in rat myofibers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:312-319. [PMID: 31161881 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00652.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of temperature increase on mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) and carbohydrate oxidation in the slow-oxidative skeletal muscles (soleus) of rats. We measured mitochondrial respiration at 35°C and 40°C with the physiological substrates pyruvate + 4 mM malate (Pyr) and palmitoyl-CoA (PCoA) + 0.5 mM malate + 2 mM carnitine in permeabilized myofibers under nonphosphorylating (V˙0) or phosphorylating (V˙max) conditions. Mitochondrial efficiency was calculated by the respiratory control ratio (RCR = V˙max/V˙0). We used guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an inhibitor of uncoupling protein (UCP), to study the mechanisms responsible for alterations of mitochondrial efficiency. We measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production under nonphosphorylating and phosphorylating conditions at both temperatures and substrates. We studied citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyl acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (3-HAD) activities at both temperatures. Elevating the temperature from 35°C to 40°C increased PCoA-V˙0 and decreased PCoA-RCR, corresponding to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). GTP blocked the heat-induced increase of PCoA-V˙0. Rising temperature moved toward a Pyr-V˙0 increase, without significance. Heat did not alter H2O2 production, resulting from either PCoA or Pyr oxidation. Heat induced an increase in 3-HAD but not in CS activities. In conclusion, heat induced OXPHOS uncoupling for PCoA oxidation, which was at least partially mediated by UCP and independent of oxidative stress. The classically described heat-induced glucose shift may actually be mostly due to a less efficient FA oxidation. These findings raise questions concerning the consequences of heat-induced alterations in mitochondrial efficiency of FA metabolism on thermoregulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ex vivo exposure of skeletal myofibers to heat uncouples substrate oxidation from ADP phosphorylation, decreasing the efficiency of mitochondria to produce ATP. This heat effect alters fatty acids (FAs) more than carbohydrate oxidation. Alteration of FA oxidation involves uncoupling proteins without inducing oxidative stress. This alteration in lipid metabolism may underlie the preferential use of carbohydrates in the heat and could decrease aerobic endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julianne Touron
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Stéphane Baugé
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Stéphanie Bourdon
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
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146
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Cheng G, Zhang Q, Pan J, Lee Y, Ouari O, Hardy M, Zielonka M, Myers CR, Zielonka J, Weh K, Chang AC, Chen G, Kresty L, Kalyanaraman B, You M. Targeting lonidamine to mitochondria mitigates lung tumorigenesis and brain metastasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2205. [PMID: 31101821 PMCID: PMC6525201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer often has a poor prognosis, with brain metastases a major reason for mortality. We modified lonidamine (LND), an antiglycolytic drug with limited efficacy, to mitochondria-targeted mito-lonidamine (Mito-LND) which is 100-fold more potent. Mito-LND, a tumor-selective inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics in lung cancer cells and mitigates lung cancer cell viability, growth, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer xenografts in mice. Mito-LND blocks lung tumor development and brain metastasis by inhibiting mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species, oxidizing mitochondrial peroxiredoxin, inactivating AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, and inducing autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells. Mito-LND causes no toxicity in mice even when administered for eight weeks at 50 times the effective cancer inhibitory dose. Collectively, these findings show that mitochondrial targeting of LND is a promising therapeutic approach for investigating the role of autophagy in mitigating lung cancer development and brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yongik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Charles R Myers
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine Weh
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Guoan Chen
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laura Kresty
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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147
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Zhu MY, Zhang DL, Zhou C, Chai Z. Mild Acidosis Protects Neurons during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Reducing Loss of Mitochondrial Respiration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2489-2497. [PMID: 30835994 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is often accompanied by brain acidosis and this acidosis can affect ischemic neuronal injury. Ischemic neuronal injury is initiated by a decrease in ATP production which mainly relies on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Ischemia often causes mitochondrial dysfunction, and acidosis has been found to affect mitochondrial function, suggesting that acidosis accompanying ischemia may influence neurons by targeting mitochondrial metabolism. However, the effects of acidosis on mitochondrial energy metabolism during ischemia lacks thorough investigation. Here, we found that mild acidosis significantly reduced neuronal death possibly by slowing the process of ATP deprivation during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro ischemic model. The maintaining of neuronal ATP depended on protecting mitochondrial ATP production. Further investigation of mitochondrial function revealed that mild acidosis alleviated OGD-induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potentials as well as damage to respiratory function, at least in part by reducing impacts on complex I and II activities. Inhibition of complex I activity aggravated neuronal death, which suggests that the contribution of mild acidosis to maintaining complex I activity promoted neuronal survival during OGD. Our findings reveal maintaining mitochondrial respiration as a new possible protective mechanism of mild acidosis during ischemia, on neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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148
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Chacko BK, Smith MR, Johnson MS, Benavides G, Culp ML, Pilli J, Shiva S, Uppal K, Go YM, Jones DP, Darley-Usmar VM. Mitochondria in precision medicine; linking bioenergetics and metabolomics in platelets. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101165. [PMID: 30877854 PMCID: PMC6436140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria possess reserve bioenergetic capacity, supporting protection and resilience in the face of disease. Approaches are limited to understand factors that impact mitochondrial functional reserve in humans. We applied the mitochondrial stress test (MST) to platelets from healthy subjects and found correlations between energetic parameters and mitochondrial function. These parameters were not correlated with mitochondrial complex I-IV activities, however, suggesting that other factors affect mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism. Platelets from African American patients with sickle cell disease also differed from controls, further showing that other factors impact mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism. To test for correlations of platelet metabolites with energetic parameters, we performed an integrated analysis of metabolomics and MST parameters. Subsets of metabolites, including fatty acids and xenobiotics correlated with mitochondrial parameters. The results establish platelets as a platform to integrate bioenergetics and metabolism for analysis of mitochondrial function in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu K Chacko
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew R Smith
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UK
| | - Gloria Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UK
| | - Matilda L Culp
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UK
| | - Jyotsna Pilli
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism & Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism & Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UK.
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149
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Barca E, Ganetzky RD, Potluri P, Juanola-Falgarona M, Gai X, Li D, Jalas C, Hirsch Y, Emmanuele V, Tadesse S, Ziosi M, Akman HO, Chung WK, Tanji K, McCormick EM, Place E, Consugar M, Pierce EA, Hakonarson H, Wallace DC, Hirano M, Falk MJ. USMG5 Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutation impairs mitochondrial complex V dimerization and ATP synthesis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3305-3312. [PMID: 29917077 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a frequent, heterogeneous pediatric presentation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disease, manifesting with psychomotor retardation and necrotizing lesions in brain deep gray matter. OXPHOS occurs at the inner mitochondrial membrane through the integrated activity of five protein complexes, of which complex V (CV) functions in a dimeric form to directly generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mutations in several different structural CV subunits cause Leigh syndrome; however, dimerization defects have not been associated with human disease. We report four Leigh syndrome subjects from three unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish families harboring a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.87 + 1G>C) in a novel CV subunit disease gene, USMG5. The Ashkenazi population allele frequency is 0.57%. This mutation produces two USMG5 transcripts, wild-type and lacking exon 3. Fibroblasts from two Leigh syndrome probands had reduced wild-type USMG5 mRNA expression and undetectable protein. The mutation did not alter monomeric CV expression, but reduced both CV dimer expression and ATP synthesis rate. Rescue with wild-type USMG5 cDNA in proband fibroblasts restored USMG5 protein, increased CV dimerization and enhanced ATP production rate. These data demonstrate that a recurrent USMG5 splice-site founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population causes autosomal recessive Leigh syndrome by reduction of CV dimerization and ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prasanth Potluri
- Department of Pathology, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marti Juanola-Falgarona
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, LA, USA
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasan O Akman
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Place
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Consugar
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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150
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Subedi A, Muroi M, Futamura Y, Kawamura T, Aono H, Nishi M, Ryo A, Watanabe N, Osada H. A novel inhibitor of tumorspheres reveals the activation of the serine biosynthetic pathway upon mitochondrial inhibition. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:763-776. [PMID: 30874300 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the metabolism of cancer cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) as compared to normal cells have provided avenues to safely target cancers. To discover metabolic inhibitors of CSCs, we performed alkaline phosphatase- and tumoursphere-based drug screening using induced cancer stem cell-like cells. From the screening of a RIKEN NPDepo chemical library, we discovered NPD2381 as a novel and selective cancer-stemness inhibitor that targets mitochondrial metabolism. Using our ChemProteoBase profiling, we found that NPD2381 increases the expression of enzymes within the serine biosynthesis pathway. We also found a role for serine in protecting cancer cells from mitochondrial inhibitors. Our results suggest the existence of a compensatory mechanism to increase the level of intracellular serine in response to mitochondrial inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Subedi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Makoto Muroi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kawamura
- RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Harumi Aono
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan.,Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan.,RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
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