101
|
Haymaker CL, Wu RC, Ritthipichai K, Bernatchez C, Forget MA, Chen JQ, Liu H, Wang E, Marincola F, Hwu P, Radvanyi LG. BTLA marks a less-differentiated tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subset in melanoma with enhanced survival properties. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1014246. [PMID: 26405566 PMCID: PMC4570103 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent adoptive cell therapy (ACT) clinical trial using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic melanoma, we found an association between CD8+ T cells expressing the inhibitory receptor B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and clinical response. Here, we further characterized this CD8+BTLA+ TIL subset and their CD8+BTLA− counterparts. We found that the CD8+ BTLA+ TILs had an increased response to IL-2, were less-differentiated effector-memory (TEM) cells, and persisted longer in vivo after infusion. In contrast, CD8+BTLA− TILs failed to proliferate and expressed genes associated with T-cell deletion/tolerance. Paradoxically, activation of BTLA signaling by its ligand, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), inhibited T-cell division and cytokine production, but also activated the Akt/PKB pathway thus protecting CD8+BTLA+ TILs from apoptosis. Our results point to a new role of BTLA as a useful T-cell differentiation marker in ACT and a dual signaling molecule that curtails T-cell activation while also conferring a survival advantage for CD8+ T cells. These attributes may explain our previous observation that BTLA expression on CD8+ TILs correlates with clinical response to adoptive T-cell therapy in metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Richard C Wu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; MD/PhD Program; University of Texas Medical School at Houston ; Houston, TX USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences ; Houston, TX USA ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Internal Medicine ; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Krit Ritthipichai
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Internal Medicine ; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Jie Qing Chen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section; Department of Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section; Department of Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA ; Sidra Medical Research Hospital ; Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Surgery Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA ; Department of Immunology; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA ; Department of Immunology; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Spahn JH, Li W, Bribriesco AC, Liu J, Shen H, Ibricevic A, Pan JH, Zinselmeyer BH, Brody SL, Goldstein DR, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Miller MJ, Kreisel D. DAP12 expression in lung macrophages mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting neutrophil extravasation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4039-48. [PMID: 25762783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical mediators of innate immune responses and contribute to tissue injury. However, immune pathways that regulate neutrophil recruitment to injured tissues during noninfectious inflammation remain poorly understood. DAP12 is a cell membrane-associated protein that is expressed in myeloid cells and can either augment or dampen innate inflammatory responses during infections. To elucidate the role of DAP12 in pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), we took advantage of a clinically relevant mouse model of transplant-mediated lung IRI. This technique allowed us to dissect the importance of DAP12 in tissue-resident cells and those that infiltrate injured tissue from the periphery during noninfectious inflammation. Macrophages in both mouse and human lungs that have been subjected to cold ischemic storage express DAP12. We found that donor, but not recipient, deficiency in DAP12 protected against pulmonary IRI. Analysis of the immune response showed that DAP12 promotes the survival of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages and contributes to local production of neutrophil chemoattractants. Intravital imaging demonstrated a transendothelial migration defect into DAP12-deficient lungs, which can be rescued by local administration of the neutrophil chemokine CXCL2. We have uncovered a previously unrecognized role for DAP12 expression in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages in mediating acute noninfectious tissue injury through regulation of neutrophil trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Spahn
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Jie-Hong Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mark J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Töpfer K, Cartellieri M, Michen S, Wiedemuth R, Müller N, Lindemann D, Bachmann M, Füssel M, Schackert G, Temme A. DAP12-based activating chimeric antigen receptor for NK cell tumor immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3201-12. [PMID: 25740942 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are emerging as new effectors for immunotherapy of cancer. In particular, the genetic engraftment of chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) in NK cells is a promising strategy to redirect NK cells to otherwise NK cell-resistant tumor cells. On the basis of DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12), a signaling adaptor molecule involved in signal transduction of activating NK cell receptors, we generated a new type of CAR targeting the prostate stem cell Ag (PSCA). We demonstrate in this article that this CAR, designated anti-PSCA-DAP12, consisting of DAP12 fused to the anti-PSCA single-chain Ab fragment scFv(AM1) confers improved cytotoxicity to the NK cell line YTS against PSCA-positive tumor cells when compared with a CAR containing the CD3ζ signaling chain. Further analyses revealed phosphorylation of the DAP12-associated ZAP-70 kinase and IFN-γ release of CAR-engineered cells after contact with PSCA-positive target cells. YTS cells modified with DAP12 alone or with a CAR bearing a phosphorylation-defective ITAM were not activated. Notably, infused YTS cells armed with anti-PSCA-DAP12 caused delayed tumor xenograft growth and resulted in complete tumor eradication in a significant fraction of treated mice. The feasibility of the DAP12-based CAR was further tested in human primary NK cells and confers specific cytotoxicity against KIR/HLA-matched PSCA-positive tumor cells, which was further enhanced by KIR-HLA mismatches. We conclude that NK cells engineered with DAP12-based CARs are a promising tool for adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Töpfer
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Cartellieri
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Müller
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Füssel
- DKMS Life Science Lab, GmbH, 01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Kameda Y, Takahata M, Mikuni S, Shimizu T, Hamano H, Angata T, Hatakeyama S, Kinjo M, Iwasaki N. Siglec-15 is a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 2015; 71:217-26. [PMID: 25460183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is an immunoreceptor that regulates osteoclast development and bone resorption in association with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) adaptor protein, DNAX-activating protein 12kDa (DAP12). Although Siglec-15 has an important role in physiologic bone remodeling by modulating RANKL signaling, it is unclear whether it is involved in pathologic bone loss in which multiple osteoclastogenic factors participate in excessive osteoclastogenesis. Here we demonstrated that Siglec-15 is involved in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. WT and Siglec-15(-/-) mice were ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham-operated at 14wk of age and their skeletal phenotype was evaluated at 18 and 22wk of age. Siglec-15(-/-) mice showed resistance to estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss compared to WT mice. Although the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts increased after ovariectomy in both WT and Siglec-15(-/-) mice, the increase was lower in Siglec-15(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Importantly, osteoclasts in Siglec-15(-/-) mice were small and failed to spread on the bone surface, indicating impaired osteoclast differentiation. Because upregulated production of TNF-α as well as RANKL is mainly responsible for estrogen deficiency-induced development of osteoclasts, we examined whether Siglec-15 deficiency affects TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The TNF-α mediated induction of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was impaired in Siglec-15(-/-) cells, suggesting that Siglec-15 is involved in TNF-α induced osteoclastogenesis. We also confirmed that signaling through osteoclast-associated receptor/Fc receptor common γ chain, which is an alternative ITAM adaptor to DAP12, rescues multinucleation but not cytoskeletal organization of TNF-α and RANKL-induced Siglec-15(-/-) osteoclasts, indicating that the Siglec-15/DAP12 pathway is especially important for cytoskeletal organization of osteoclasts in both RANKL and TNF-α induced osteoclastogenesis. The present findings indicate that Siglec-15 is involved in estrogen deficiency-induced differentiation of osteoclasts and is thus a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kameda
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Mikuni
- Hokkaido University, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shimizu
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamano
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Masataka Kinjo
- Hokkaido University, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Hokkaido University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative organism in community-acquired pneumonia responsible for millions of deaths every year. DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa is an adaptor molecule for different myeloid expressed receptors involved in innate immunity. DESIGN Animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa-deficient (dap12) and wild-type mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were intranasally infected with S. pneumoniae. In addition, ex vivo responsiveness of alveolar macrophages was examined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS dap12 alveolar macrophages released more tumor necrosis factor-α upon stimulation with S. pneumoniae and displayed increased phagocytosis of this pathogen compared with wild-type cells. After infection with S. pneumoniae via the airways, dap12 mice demonstrated reduced bacterial outgrowth in the lungs together with delayed dissemination to distant body sites relative to wild-type mice. This favorable response in dap12 mice was accompanied by reduced lung inflammation and an improved survival. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa impairs host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia at the primary site of infection at least in part by inhibiting phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages.
Collapse
|
106
|
Lou Q, Zhang W, Liu G, Ma Y. The C-type lectin OCILRP2 costimulates EL4 T cell activation via the DAP12-Raf-MAP kinase pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113218. [PMID: 25411776 PMCID: PMC4239057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OCILRP2 is a typical Type-II transmembrane protein that is selectively expressed in activated T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells and functions as a novel co-stimulator of T cell activation. However, the signaling pathways underlying OCILRP2 in T cell activation are still not completely understood. In this study, we found that the knockdown of OCILRP2 expression with shRNA or the blockage of its activity by an anti-OCILRP2 antagonist antibody reduced CD3/CD28-costimulated EL4 T cell viability and IL-2 production, inhibit Raf1, MAPK3, and MAPK8 activation, and impair NFAT and NF-κB transcriptional activities. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation results indicated that OCILRP2 could interact with the DAP12 protein, an adaptor containing an intracellular ITAM motif that can transduce signals to induce MAP kinase activation for T cell activation. Our data reveal that after binding with DAP12, OCILRP2 activates the Raf-MAP kinase pathways, resulting in T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lou
- Henan Engineering Lab of Antibody Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Lab of Antibody Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Henan Engineering Lab of Antibody Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Henan Engineering Lab of Antibody Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Wei P, Xu L, Li CD, Sun FD, Chen L, Tan T, Luo SZ. Molecular dynamic simulation of the self-assembly of DAP12-NKG2C activating immunoreceptor complex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105560. [PMID: 25148259 PMCID: PMC4141757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The DAP12-NKG2C activating immunoreceptor complex is one of the multisubunit transmembrane protein complexes in which ligand-binding receptor chains assemble with dimeric signal-transducing modules through non-covalent associations in their transmembrane (TM) domains. In this work, both coarse grained and atomistic molecular dynamic simulation methods were applied to investigate the self-assembly dynamics of the transmembrane domains of the DAP12-NKG2C activating immunoreceptor complex. Through simulating the dynamics of DAP12-NKG2C TM heterotrimer and point mutations, we demonstrated that a five-polar-residue motif including: 2 Asps and 2 Thrs in DAP12 dimer, as well as 1 Lys in NKG2C TM plays an important role in the assembly structure of the DAP12-NKG2C TM heterotrimer. Furthermore, we provided clear evidences to exclude the possibility that another NKG2C could stably associate with the DAP12-NKG2C heterotrimer. Based on the simulation results, we proposed a revised model for the self-assembly of DAP12-NKG2C activating immunoreceptor complex, along with a plausible explanation for the association of only one NKG2C with a DAP12 dimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lida Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Dong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fu-De Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Yoshida O, Kimura S, Dou L, Matta B, Yokota S, Stolz D, Geller D, Thomson AW. DAP12 deficiency in liver allografts results in enhanced donor DC migration, augmented effector T cell responses and abrogation of transplant tolerance. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1791-805. [PMID: 24935196 PMCID: PMC4107008 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver interstitial dendritic cells (DC) have been implicated in immune regulation and tolerance induction. We found that the transmembrane immuno-adaptor DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) negatively regulated conventional liver myeloid (m) DC maturation and their in vivo migratory and T cell allostimulatory ability. Livers were transplanted from C57BL/6(H2(b) ) (B6) WT or DAP12(-/-) mice into WT C3H (H2(k) ) recipients. Donor mDC (H2-K(b+) CD11c(+) ) were quantified in spleens by flow cytometry. Anti-donor T cell reactivity was evaluated by ex vivo carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-mixed leukocyte reaction and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, while T effector and regulatory T cells were determined by flow analysis. A threefold to fourfold increase in donor-derived DC was detected in spleens of DAP12(-/-) liver recipients compared with those given WT grafts. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the graft, interferon gamma (IFNγ) production by graft-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells and systemic levels of IFNγ were all elevated significantly in DAP12(-/-) liver recipients. DAP12(-/-) grafts also exhibited reduced incidences of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells and enhanced CD8(+) T cell IFNγ secretion in response to donor antigen challenge. Unlike WT grafts, DAP12(-/-) livers failed to induce tolerance and were rejected acutely. Thus, DAP12 expression in liver grafts regulates donor mDC migration to host lymphoid tissue, alloreactive T cell responses and transplant tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. Yoshida
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Kimura
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - L. Dou
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - B.M. Matta
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Yokota
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D.B. Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D.A. Geller
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A. W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA,Corresponding author: Angus W. Thomson PhD DSc Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 200 Lothrop Street, W1540 BST Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Ma J, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. TYROBP in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:820-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
110
|
Murakami Y, Tian L, Voss OH, Margulies DH, Krzewski K, Coligan JE. CD300b regulates the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells via phosphatidylserine recognition. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1746-57. [PMID: 25034781 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD300 receptor family members are a group of molecules that modulate a variety of immune cell processes. We show that mouse CD300b (CLM7/LMIR5), expressed on myeloid cells, recognizes outer membrane-exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) and does not, as previously reported, directly recognize TIM1 or TIM4. CD300b accumulates in phagocytic cups along with F-actin at apoptotic cell contacts, thereby facilitating their engulfment. The CD300b-mediated activation signal is conveyed through CD300b association with the adaptor molecule DAP12, and requires a functional DAP12 ITAM motif. Binding of apoptotic cells promotes the activation of the PI3K-Akt kinase pathway in macrophages, while silencing of CD300b expression diminishes PI3K-Akt kinase activation and impairs efferocytosis. Collectively, our data show that CD300b recognizes PS as a ligand, and regulates the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells via the DAP12 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Murakami
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - L Tian
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - O H Voss
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - D H Margulies
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Krzewski
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J E Coligan
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
LMIR5 extracellular domain activates myeloid cells through toll-like receptor 4. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:169-77. [PMID: 25004110 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LMIR5/CD300b is an activating immunoglobulin-like receptor whose extracellular domain (LMIR5-Fc) is constitutively released from immune cells. The release of LMIR5-Fc is augmented upon stimulation with TLR agonists. LMIR5-Fc is reported to possess inflammatory activity and amplify LPS-induced lethal inflammation; however, its action mechanism has not been clarified. This study was aimed to identify receptors for LMIR5-Fc. Using NF-κB reporter cells in human monocytes THP1, LMIR5-Fc was solely found to trigger NF-κB activation among various signaling receptors examined. In addition, an injection of LMIR5-Fc into the mouse peritoneal resulted in a rapid production of inflammatory mediators and an amplification of LPS activity. Moreover, LMIR5-Fc-induced cytokine production was markedly reduced in TLR4-deficient mouse macrophages. Using TLR4 reporter cells, the LMIR5-Fc sample that contained a trace amount of endotoxin under the sensitivity of reporter cells triggered a potent NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the inflammatory activity of LMIR5-Fc was completely lost by heating but unchanged by polymyxin B pretreatment. Using TLR4 fusion protein, TLR4 was found to interact specifically with LMIR5-overexpressing cells. Therefore, LMIR5-Fc is new inflammatory mediator and endogenous ligand of TLR4. This study provides an insight into the positive feedback mechanism of inflammation through TLR4-LMIR5-Fc axis.
Collapse
|
112
|
Sharif O, Gawish R, Warszawska JM, Martins R, Lakovits K, Hladik A, Doninger B, Brunner J, Korosec A, Schwarzenbacher RE, Berg T, Kralovics R, Colinge J, Mesteri I, Gilfillan S, Salmaggi A, Verschoor A, Colonna M, Knapp S. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 inhibits complement component 1q effector mechanisms and exerts detrimental effects during pneumococcal pneumonia. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004167. [PMID: 24945405 PMCID: PMC4055749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis and inflammation within the lungs is crucial for host defense during bacterial pneumonia. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2 was proposed to negatively regulate TLR-mediated responses and enhance phagocytosis by macrophages, but the role of TREM-2 in respiratory tract infections is unknown. Here, we established the presence of TREM-2 on alveolar macrophages (AM) and explored the function of TREM-2 in the innate immune response to pneumococcal infection in vivo. Unexpectedly, we found Trem-2(-/-) AM to display augmented bacterial phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo compared to WT AM. Mechanistically, we detected that in the absence of TREM-2, pulmonary macrophages selectively produced elevated complement component 1q (C1q) levels. We found that these increased C1q levels depended on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) activity and were responsible for the enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria. Upon infection with S. pneumoniae, Trem-2(-/-) mice exhibited an augmented bacterial clearance from lungs, decreased bacteremia and improved survival compared to their WT counterparts. This work is the first to disclose a role for TREM-2 in clinically relevant respiratory tract infections and demonstrates a previously unknown link between TREM-2 and opsonin production within the lungs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement C1q/genetics
- Complement C1q/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Phagocytosis
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/pathology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Survival Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sharif
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OS); (SK)
| | - Riem Gawish
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna M. Warszawska
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Martins
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bianca Doninger
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Brunner
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland E. Schwarzenbacher
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina Berg
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kralovics
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrea Salmaggi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OS); (SK)
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection delays Th1 immunity via immunoadaptor DAP12-regulated IRAK-M and IL-10 expression in antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:670-83. [PMID: 24172845 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of mycobacteria with the host leads to retarded expression of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immunity in the lung. However, the immune mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using in vivo and in vitro models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection, we find the immunoadaptor DAP12 (DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa) in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to be critically involved in this process. Upon infection of APCs, DAP12 is required for IRAK-M (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M) expression, which in turn induces interleukin-10 (IL-10) and an immune-suppressed phenotype of APCs, thus leading to suppressed Th1 cell activation. Lack of DAP12 reduces APC IL-10 production and increases their Th1 cell-activating capability, resulting in expedited Th1 responses and enhanced protection. On the other hand, adoptively transferred DAP12-competent APCs suppress Th1 cell activation within DAP12-deficient hosts, and blockade of IL-10 aborts the ability of DAP12-competent APCs to suppress Th1 activation. Our study identifies the DAP12/IRAK-M/IL-10 to be a novel molecular pathway in APCs exploited by mycobacterial pathogens, allowing infection a foothold in the lung.
Collapse
|
114
|
Ivarsson MA, Michaëlsson J, Fauriat C. Activating killer cell Ig-like receptors in health and disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:184. [PMID: 24795726 PMCID: PMC4001058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of non-rearranged HLA class I-binding receptors characterizes human and mouse NK cells. The postulation of the missing-self hypothesis some 30 years ago triggered the subsequent search and discovery of inhibitory MHC-receptors, both in humans and mice. These receptors have two functions: (i) to control the threshold for NK cell activation, a process termed “licensing” or “education,” and (ii) to inhibit NK cell activation during interactions with healthy HLA class I-expressing cells. The discovery of activating forms of KIRs (aKIR) challenged the concept of NK cell tolerance in steady state, as well as during immune challenge: what is the biological role of the activating KIR, in particular when NK cells express aKIRs in the absence of inhibitory receptors? Recently it was shown that aKIRs also participate in the education of NK cells. However, instead of lowering the threshold of activation like iKIRs, the expression of aKIRs has the opposite effect, i.e., rendering NK cells hyporesponsive. These findings may have consequences during NK cell response to viral infection, in cancer development, and in the initial stages of pregnancy. Here we review the current knowledge of activating KIRs, including the biological concept of aKIR-dependent NK cell education, and their impact in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Ivarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- U1068, CRCM, Immunity and Cancer, INSERM , Marseille , France ; Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Marseille , France ; UM 105, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; UMR 7258, CNRS , Marseille , France ; U1068, CRCM, Plateforme d'Immunomonitoring en Cancérologie, INSERM , Marseille , France
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Montalvo V, Quigley L, Vistica BP, Boelte KC, Nugent LF, Takai T, McVicar DW, Gery I. Environmental factors determine DAP12 deficiency to either enhance or suppress immunopathogenic processes. Immunology 2014; 140:475-82. [PMID: 23906311 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12), a transmembrane adapter, plays a major role in transducing activation signals in natural killer cells and various myeloid cells. Quantitative RT-PCR detected in normal mouse eyes considerable levels of DAP12 and multiple DAP12-coupled receptors, in particular TREM-1, Clec5a and SIRPb1. The role of DAP12 and its receptors in experimental autoimmune diseases has been controversial. Here, we analysed the effect of DAP12 deficiency on the capacity of mice to mount immunopathogenic cellular responses to the uveitogenic ocular antigen and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), and to develop experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Surprisingly, sequential analysis of EAU in mice deficient in DAP12 in two different animal facilities at first revealed enhanced disease as compared with wild-type mice, but when these mice were re-derived into a second, cleaner, animal facility, the response of control mice was essentially unchanged, whereas the DAP12 null mice were markedly hyporesponsive relative to controls in the new facility. Accordingly, when stimulated in vitro with IRBP, lymphocytes from the DAP12-deficient mice housed in the two facilities proliferated and produced opposite profiles of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, compared with their controls. These findings therefore demonstrate that the effects of DAP12 deficiency on development of autoimmune disease are dramatically affected by environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Montalvo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Connelley TK, Longhi C, Burrells A, Degnan K, Hope J, Allan AJ, Hammond JA, Storset AK, Morrison WI. NKp46+ CD3+ cells: a novel nonconventional T cell subset in cattle exhibiting both NK cell and T cell features. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3868-80. [PMID: 24639352 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The NKp46 receptor demonstrates a high degree of lineage specificity, being expressed almost exclusively in NK cells. Previous studies have demonstrated NKp46 expression by T cells, but NKp46+ CD3+ cells are rare and almost universally associated with NKp46 acquisition by T cells following stimulation. In this study we demonstrate the existence of a population of NKp46+ CD3+ cells resident in normal bovine PBMCs that includes cells of both the αβ TCR+ and γδ TCR+ lineages and is present at a frequency of 0.1-1.7%. NKp46+ CD3+ cells express transcripts for a broad repertoire of both NKRs and TCRs and also the CD3ζ, DAP10, and FcεR1γ but not DAP12 adaptor proteins. In vitro functional analysis of NKp46+ CD3+ cells confirm that NKp46, CD16, and CD3 signaling pathways are all functionally competent and capable of mediating/redirecting cytolysis. However, only CD3 cross-ligation elicits IFN-γ release. NKp46+ CD3+ cells exhibit cytotoxic activity against autologous Theileria parva-infected cells in vitro, and during in vivo challenge with this parasite an expansion of NKp46+ CD3+ cells was observed in some animals, indicating the cells have the potential to act as an anti-pathogen effector population. The results in this study identify and describe a novel nonconventional NKp46+ CD3+ T cell subset that is phenotypically and functionally distinct from conventional NK and T cells. The ability to exploit both NKRs and TCRs suggests these cells may fill a functional niche at the interface of innate and adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Connelley
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
TGF-β-inducible microRNA-183 silences tumor-associated natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4203-8. [PMID: 24586048 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319269111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), enriched in the tumor microenvironment and broadly immunosuppressive, inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function by yet-unknown mechanisms. Here we show that TGF-β-treated human NK cells exhibit reduced tumor cytolysis and abrogated perforin polarization to the immune synapse. This result was accompanied by loss of surface expression of activating killer Ig-like receptor 2DS4 and NKp44, despite intact cytoplasmic stores of these receptors. Instead, TGF-β depleted DNAX activating protein 12 kDa (DAP12), which is critical for surface NK receptor stabilization and downstream signal transduction. Mechanistic analysis revealed that TGF-β induced microRNA (miR)-183 to repress DAP12 transcription/translation. This pathway was confirmed with luciferase reporter constructs bearing the DAP12 3' untranslated region as well as in human NK cells by use of sense and antisense miR-183. Moreover, we documented reduced DAP12 expression in tumor-associated NK cells in lung cancer patients, illustrating this pathway to be consistently perturbed in the human tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
118
|
Chen X, Eksioglu EA, Zhou J, Zhang L, Djeu J, Fortenbery N, Epling-Burnette P, Van Bijnen S, Dolstra H, Cannon J, Youn JI, Donatelli SS, Qin D, De Witte T, Tao J, Wang H, Cheng P, Gabrilovich DI, List A, Wei S. Induction of myelodysplasia by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4595-611. [PMID: 24216507 DOI: 10.1172/jci67580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are age-dependent stem cell malignancies that share biological features of activated adaptive immune response and ineffective hematopoiesis. Here we report that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which are classically linked to immunosuppression, inflammation, and cancer, were markedly expanded in the bone marrow of MDS patients and played a pathogenetic role in the development of ineffective hematopoiesis. These clonally distinct MDSC overproduce hematopoietic suppressive cytokines and function as potent apoptotic effectors targeting autologous hematopoietic progenitors. Using multiple transfected cell models, we found that MDSC expansion is driven by the interaction of the proinflammatory molecule S100A9 with CD33. These 2 proteins formed a functional ligand/receptor pair that recruited components to CD33’s immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM), inducing secretion of the suppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β by immature myeloid cells. S100A9 transgenic mice displayed bone marrow accumulation of MDSC accompanied by development of progressive multilineage cytopenias and cytological dysplasia. Importantly, early forced maturation of MDSC by either all-trans-retinoic acid treatment or active immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif–bearing (ITAM-bearing) adapter protein (DAP12) interruption of CD33 signaling rescued the hematologic phenotype. These findings indicate that primary bone marrow expansion of MDSC driven by the S100A9/CD33 pathway perturbs hematopoiesis and contributes to the development of MDS.
Collapse
|
119
|
Stuible M, Moraitis A, Fortin A, Saragosa S, Kalbakji A, Filion M, Tremblay GB. Mechanism and function of monoclonal antibodies targeting siglec-15 for therapeutic inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6498-6512. [PMID: 24446437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibodies to target functionally important cell-surface proteins on bone-resorbing osteoclasts represents a promising approach for treatment of cancer-associated bone loss and other skeletal pathologies. Previously, we identified Siglec-15, a little studied sialic acid-binding receptor, as a candidate target that is highly up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation induced by the cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). In this report, we confirm that Siglec-15 is localized to the plasma membrane where it can be targeted by monoclonal antibodies to inhibit differentiation of functional osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, we found that treatment of mice with these antibodies led to a marked increase in bone mineral density, consistent with inhibition of osteoclast activity. Interestingly, osteoblast numbers were maintained despite the anti-resorptive activity. At the molecular level, Siglec-15 interacts with the adapter protein DAP12 and can induce Akt activation when clustered on the osteoclast cell surface, which likely represents its normal signaling function. Importantly, we discovered that monoclonal antibodies induce rapid internalization, lysosomal targeting, and degradation of Siglec-15 by inducing receptor dimerization. This study defines a key regulatory node that controls osteoclast differentiation and activity downstream of RANKL and supports further development of Siglec-15 antibodies as a novel class of bone loss therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stuible
- From Alethia Biotherapeutics Inc., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Anna Moraitis
- From Alethia Biotherapeutics Inc., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Annie Fortin
- From Alethia Biotherapeutics Inc., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Stefan Saragosa
- From Alethia Biotherapeutics Inc., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Aida Kalbakji
- From Alethia Biotherapeutics Inc., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Mario Filion
- From Alethia Biotherapeutics Inc., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Gilles B Tremblay
- From Alethia Biotherapeutics Inc., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Kuhla A, Hauke M, Sempert K, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Senescence-dependent impact of anti-RAGE antibody on endotoxemic liver failure. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2153-2163. [PMID: 23319363 PMCID: PMC3824992 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging often restricts the capacity of the immune system. Endotoxemia is characterized by an immune response initiated by a group of pattern recognition receptors including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The aim of this study was to clarify to which extent RAGE and its signaling pathways such as the so called mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways can contribute to the perpetuation of inflammation in the aging organism. We used senescence-accelerated-prone (SAMP8) and senescence-accelerated-resistant (SAMR1) mice and studied them at the age of 2 and 6 months. Livers of SAMP8 mice had significantly higher malondialdehyde concentrations and a modest reduction of glyoxalase-I expression. Consequently, the abundance of highly modified advanced glycation end products was increased in the liver and plasma of these mice. After galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury, significant activation of the MAPK cascade was observed in both mouse strains. Administration of an anti-RAGE antibody diminished p42/44-phosphorylation as well as tissue injury in SAMP8 mice, whereas the identical treatment in SAMR1 mice leads to a significant increase in p42/44-phosphorylation and intensified liver injury. This observation suggests that dependent on the senescence of the organism, anti-RAGE antibody can have differential effects on the progression of endotoxemic liver failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mandy Hauke
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kai Sempert
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Hrdinka M, Horejsi V. PAG - a multipurpose transmembrane adaptor protein. Oncogene 2013; 33:4881-92. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
122
|
Paradowska-Gorycka A, Jurkowska M. Structure, expression pattern and biological activity of molecular complex TREM-2/DAP12. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:730-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
123
|
Rhomboid domain-containing protein 3 is a negative regulator of TLR3-triggered natural killer cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7814-9. [PMID: 23610400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220466110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhomboid domain-containing protein 3 (Rhbdd3), which belongs to a family of proteins with rhomboid domain, is widely expressed in immune cells; however, the roles of the Rhbdd members, including Rhbdd3, in immunity remain unknown. Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for host immune defense and also can mediate inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis. Although much is known about how NK cells are activated, the detailed mechanisms for negative regulation of NK cell activation remain to be fully understood. Using Rhbdd3-deficient mice, we reveal that Rhbdd3, selectively up-regulated in NK cells upon Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation, negatively regulates TLR3-mediated NK cell activation in a feedback manner. Rhbdd3 inhibits TLR3-triggered IFN-γ and granzyme B expression of NK cells in cell-cell contact dependence of accessory cells such as dendritic cells and Kupffer cells. Rhbdd3 interacts with DNAX activation protein of 12 kDa and promotes its degradation, inhibiting MAPK activation in TLR3-triggered NK cells. Furthermore, Rhbdd3 plays a critical role in attenuating TLR3-triggered acute inflammation by controlling NK cell activation and accumulation in liver and disrupting NK cell-Kupffer cell interaction. Therefore, Rhbdd3 is a feedback inhibitor of TLR3-triggered NK cell activation. Our study outlines a mechanism for the negative regulation of NK cell activation and also provides clues for the function of the rhomboid proteins in immunity.
Collapse
|
124
|
Napolitano A, Pittoni P, Beaudoin L, Lehuen A, Voehringer D, MacDonald HR, Dellabona P, Casorati G. Functional education of invariant NKT cells by dendritic cell tuning of SHP-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3299-308. [PMID: 23427253 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells play key roles in host defense by recognizing lipid Ags presented by CD1d. iNKT cells are activated by bacterial-derived lipids and are also strongly autoreactive toward self-lipids. iNKT cell responsiveness must be regulated to maintain effective host defense while preventing uncontrolled stimulation and potential autoimmunity. CD1d-expressing thymocytes support iNKT cell development, but thymocyte-restricted expression of CD1d gives rise to Ag hyperresponsive iNKT cells. We hypothesized that iNKT cells require functional education by CD1d(+) cells other than thymocytes to set their correct responsiveness. In mice that expressed CD1d only on thymocytes, hyperresponsive iNKT cells in the periphery expressed significantly reduced levels of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a negative regulator of TCR signaling. Accordingly, heterozygous SHP-1 mutant mice displaying reduced SHP-1 expression developed a comparable population of Ag hyperresponsive iNKT cells. Restoring nonthymocyte CD1d expression in transgenic mice normalized SHP-1 expression and iNKT cell reactivity. Radiation chimeras revealed that CD1d(+) dendritic cells supported iNKT cell upregulation of SHP-1 and decreased responsiveness after thymic emigration. Hence, dendritic cells functionally educate iNKT cells by tuning SHP-1 expression to limit reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Napolitano
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Racioppi L. CaMKK2: a novel target for shaping the androgen-regulated tumor ecosystem. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:83-8. [PMID: 23332598 PMCID: PMC3565098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is pivotal in the biology of sex hormone-regulated malignancies, with prostate cancer (PC) the most affected tumor. AR signals control the growth, survival, and migration of cancer cells, and they regulate the activation of macrophages, a cell type pivotal to the tumor ecosystem. Intriguingly, CaMKK2 has recently been identified as both an important AR-regulated gene in the context of PC and as a critical regulator of macrophage activation. By contrast, CaMKK2 is barely detectable in normal prostate or immune cells that mediate the response against tumorigenesis. These novel findings suggest that CaMKK2 resides at a critical molecular node that shapes the cancer ecosystem, and identifies this kinase as a novel therapeutic target for sex hormone-regulated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Weiss G, Maaetoft-Udsen K, Stifter SA, Hertzog P, Goriely S, Thomsen AR, Paludan SR, Frøkiær H. MyD88 drives the IFN-β response to Lactobacillus acidophilus in dendritic cells through a mechanism involving IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2860-8. [PMID: 22896628 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are induced by pathogens to protect the host from infection and boost the immune response. We have recently demonstrated that this IFN response is not restricted to pathogens, as the Gram-positive bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus, a natural inhabitant of the intestine, induces high levels of IFN-β in dendritic cells. In the current study, we investigate the intracellular pathways involved in IFN-β upon stimulation of dendritic cells with L. acidophilus and reveal that this IFN-β induction requires phagosomal uptake and processing but bypasses the endosomal receptors TLR7 and TLR9. The IFN-β production is fully dependent on the TIR adapter molecule MyD88, partly dependent on IFN regulatory factor (IRF)1, but independent of the TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β MyD88 adapter-like, IRF and IRF7. However, our results suggest that IRF3 and IRF7 have complementary roles in IFN-β signaling. The IFN-β production is strongly impaired by inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and PI3K. Our results indicate that L. acidophilus induces IFN-β independently of the receptors typically used by bacteria, as it requires MyD88, Syk, and PI3K signaling and phagosomal processing to activate IRF1 and IRF3/IRF7 and thereby the release of IFN-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Weiss
- Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
|
128
|
Xie J. The C-type lectin-like receptors of Dectin-1 cluster in natural killer gene complex. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:273-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
129
|
Specific inactivation of two immunomodulatory SIGLEC genes during human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9935-40. [PMID: 22665810 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1119459109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-recognizing Ig-like lectins (Siglecs) are signaling receptors that modulate immune responses, and are targeted for interactions by certain pathogens. We describe two primate Siglecs that were rendered nonfunctional by single genetic events during hominin evolution after our common ancestor with the chimpanzee. SIGLEC13 was deleted by an Alu-mediated recombination event, and a single base pair deletion disrupted the ORF of SIGLEC17. Siglec-13 is expressed on chimpanzee monocytes, innate immune cells that react to bacteria. The human SIGLEC17P pseudogene mRNA is still expressed at high levels in human natural killer cells, which bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. As both resulting pseudogenes are homozygous in all human populations, we resurrected the originally encoded proteins and examined their functions. Chimpanzee Siglec-13 and the resurrected human Siglec-17 recruit a signaling adapter and bind sialic acids. Expression of either Siglec in innate immune cells alters inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to Toll-like receptor-4 stimulation. Both Siglecs can also be engaged by two potentially lethal sialylated bacterial pathogens of newborns and infants, agents with a potential impact on reproductive fitness. Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes show human-like sequences at both loci, corroborating estimates that the initial pseudogenization events occurred in the common ancestral population of these hominins. Both loci also show limited polymorphic diversity, suggesting selection forces predating the origin of modern humans. Taken together, these data suggest that genetic elimination of Siglec-13 and/or Siglec-17 represents signatures of infectious and/or other inflammatory selective processes contributing to population restrictions during hominin origins.
Collapse
|
130
|
Gómez-Piña V, Martínez E, Fernández-Ruíz I, del Fresno C, Soares-Schanoski A, Jurado T, Siliceo M, Toledano V, Fernández-Palomares R, García-Rio F, Arnalich F, Biswas SK, López-Collazo E. Role of MMPs in orchestrating inflammatory response in human monocytes via a TREM-1-PI3K-NF-κB pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 91:933-945. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0711340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe MMPs constitute a family of endopeptidases that can cleavage extracellular proteins. They are involved in a number of events; some of these include inflammatory processes. One of its targets is the TREM-1, which has emerged as an important modulator of innate immune responses in mammals. This transmembrane glycoprotein possesses an Ig-like ectodomain readily shed by MMPs to generate sTREM-1. Whereas membrane-anchored TREM-1 amplifies inflammatory responses, sTREM-1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Here we show that sustained cell surface expression of TREM-1 in human monocytes, through metalloproteinase inhibition, counteracts the well-characterized down-regulation of several proinflammatory cytokines during the ET time-frame, also known as M2 or alternative activation. In addition to the cytokines profile, other features of the ET phenotype were underdeveloped when TREM-1 was stabilized at the cell surface. These events were mediated by the signal transducers PI3Ks and Syk. We also show that sTREM-1 counteracts the proinflammatory response obtained by membrane TREM-1 stabilization but failed to induce ET on naïve human monocytes. As the sustained TREM-1 expression at the cell surface suffices to block the progress of a refractory state in human monocytes, our data indicate that TREM-1 and MMPs orchestrate an “adaptive” form of innate immunity by modulating the human monocytes response to endotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Teresa Jurado
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, IdiPAZ , Madrid, Spain
| | - María Siliceo
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, IdiPAZ , Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biomedical Sciences Institutes , Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Doxycycline inhibits TREM-1 induction by Porphyromonas gingivalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 66:37-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich; Switzerland
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich; Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Tato CM, Joyce-Shaikh B, Banerjee A, Chen Y, Sathe M, Ewald SE, Liu MR, Gorman D, McClanahan TK, Phillips JH, Heyworth PG, Cua DJ. The myeloid receptor PILRβ mediates the balance of inflammatory responses through regulation of IL-27 production. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31680. [PMID: 22479310 PMCID: PMC3313972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptors beta, PILRβ, and alpha, PILRα, are related to the Siglec family of receptors and are expressed primarily on cells of the myeloid lineage. PILRβ is a DAP12 binding partner expressed on both human and mouse myeloid cells. The potential ligand, CD99, is found on many cell types, such as epithelial cells where it plays a role in migration of immune cells to sites of inflammation. Pilrb deficient mice were challenged with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii in two different models of infection induced inflammation; one involving the establishment of chronic encephalitis and a second mimicking inflammatory bowel disease in order to understand the potential role of this receptor in persistent inflammatory responses. It was found that in the absence of activating signals from PILRβ, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) produced increased amounts of IL-27, p28 and promoted IL-10 production in effector T cells. The sustained production of IL-27 led ultimately to enhanced survival after challenge due to dampened immune pathology in the gut. Similar protection was also observed in the CNS during chronic T. gondii infection after i.p. challenge again providing evidence that PILRβ is important for regulating aberrant inflammatory responses.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Encephalitis/genetics
- Encephalitis/immunology
- Encephalitis/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Microglia/immunology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Tato
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Antara Banerjee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Yi Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Manjiri Sathe
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Ewald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Man-Ru Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Gorman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph H. Phillips
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Paul G. Heyworth
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Cua
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Huynh L, Wang L, Shi C, Park-Min KH, Ivashkiv LB. ITAM-coupled receptors inhibit IFNAR signaling and alter macrophage responses to TLR4 and Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3447-57. [PMID: 22368279 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ITAM-coupled receptors play an essential role in regulating macrophage activation and function by cross-regulating signaling from heterologous receptors. We investigated mechanisms by which ITAM-associated receptors inhibit type I IFN (IFN-α/β) signaling in primary human macrophages and tested the effects of simultaneous ligation of ITAM-associated receptors and TLR4 on TLR4-induced Jak-STAT signaling that is mediated by autocrine IFN-β. Preligation of ITAM-coupled β2 integrins and FcγRs inhibited proximal signaling by the type I IFN receptor IFNAR. Cross-inhibition of IFNAR signaling by β2 integrins resulted in decreased Jak1 activation and was mediated by partial downregulation of the IFNAR1 subunit and MAPK-dependent induction of USP18, which blocks the association of Jak1 with IFNAR2. Simultaneous engagement of ITAM-coupled β2 integrins or Dectin-1 with TLR4 did not affect TLR4-induced direct activation of inflammatory target genes such as TNF or IL6 but abrogated subsequent induction of IFN response genes that is mediated by autocrine IFN-β signaling. Type I IFNs promote macrophage death postinfection by Listeria monocytogenes. Consequently, attenuation of IFN responses by β2 integrins protected primary human macrophages from L. monocytogenes-induced apoptosis. These results provide a mechanism for cross-inhibition of type I IFN signaling by ITAM-coupled β2 integrins and demonstrate that ITAM signaling qualitatively modulates macrophage responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pathogens by selectively suppressing IFN responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Huynh
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Racioppi L, Noeldner PK, Lin F, Arvai S, Means AR. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 regulates macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11579-91. [PMID: 22334678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.336032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) plays a key role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure at least in part by its actions in hypothalamic neurons. Previously, we showed that loss of CaMKK2 protected mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. However, although pair feeding HFD to WT mice to match food consumption of CAMKK2-null mice slowed weight gain, it failed to protect from glucose intolerance. Here we show that relative to WT mice, HFD-fed CaMKK2-null mice are protected from inflammation in adipose and remain glucose-tolerant. Moreover, loss of CaMKK2 also protected mice from endotoxin shock and fulminant hepatitis. We explored the expression of CaMKK2 in immune cells and found it to be restricted to those of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. CaMKK2-null macrophages exhibited a remarkable deficiency to spread, phagocytose bacteria, and synthesize cytokines in response to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mechanistically, loss of CaMKK2 uncoupled the TLR4 cascade from activation of protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2; also known as PTK2B). Our findings uncover an important function for CaMKK2 in mediating mechanisms that control the amplitude of macrophage inflammatory responses to excess nutrients or pathogen derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Ito H, Hamerman JA. TREM-2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2, negatively regulates TLR responses in dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:176-85. [PMID: 21956652 PMCID: PMC3444819 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DCs play a key role in defense against infections and also in preventing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The response of DCs to pathogens is tightly regulated by many mechanisms to allow for appropriate, but not pathogenic, responses. We previously showed that DCs with deficiencies for two ITAM-bearing signaling adapters, DAP12 and FcRγ, produce more inflammatory cytokines upon treatment with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists than WT DCs. Here, we investigated whether the TREM-2 receptor pairs with DAP12 to inhibit TLR responses in DCs. TREM-2-deficient BMDCs showed increased inflammatory cytokine and type I IFN production in response to TLR ligation. Additionally, TREM-2-deficient BMDCs had increased TLR-induced maturation and were more efficient at inducing antigen-specific T-cell proliferation upon CpG DNA stimulation compared with WT BMDCs. Finally, we showed that a TREM-2 ligand is expressed on the surface of BMDCs, suggesting that the TREM-2 receptor transduces inhibitory signals due to recognition of an endogenous ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ito
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Gene expression profile of THP-1 monocytes following knockdown of DAP12, a causative gene for Nasu-Hakola disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:337-43. [PMID: 22080356 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD), also designated polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive presenile dementia and formation of multifocal bone cysts, caused by a loss-of-function mutation of DAP12 or TREM2. TREM2 and DAP12 constitute a receptor/adaptor complex expressed on osteoclasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and microglia. At present, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying development of leukoencephalopathy and bone cysts in NHD remain largely unknown. We established THP-1 human monocyte clones that stably express small interfering RNA targeting DAP12 for serving as a cellular model of NHD. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis identified a set of 22 genes consistently downregulated in DAP12 knockdown cells. They constituted the molecular network closely related to the network defined by cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, hematological system development and function, and inflammatory response, where NF-κB acts as a central regulator. These results suggest that a molecular defect of DAP12 in human monocytes deregulates the gene network pivotal for maintenance of myeloid cell function in NHD.
Collapse
|
137
|
McCormick S, Shaler CR, Small CL, Horvath C, Damjanovic D, Brown EG, Aoki N, Takai T, Xing Z. Control of pathogenic CD4 T cells and lethal immunopathology by signaling immunoadaptor DAP12 during influenza infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4280-92. [PMID: 21908731 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunopathology is a major cause of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of CD4 T cells in severe lung immunopathology following acute influenza infection are poorly understood. In this paper, we report that the emergence of immunopathogenic CD4 T cells is under the control of a transmembrane immunoadaptor DAP12 pathway during influenza infection. We find that the mice lacking DAP12 have unaltered viral clearance but easily succumb to influenza infection as a result of uncontrolled immunopathology. Such immunopathology is associated with markedly increased CD4 T cells displaying markedly increased cytotoxicity and Fas ligand expression. Furthermore, the immunopathogenic property of these CD4 T cells is transferrable. Thus, depletion of CD4 T cells or abrogation of Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathway improves survival and immunopathology. We further find that DAP12 expressed by dendritic cells plays an important role in controlling the immunopathogenic CD4 T cells during influenza infection. Our findings identify a novel pathway that controls the level of immune-pathogenic CD4 T cells during acute influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McCormick
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Kiefer F, Siekmann AF. The role of chemokines and their receptors in angiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2811-30. [PMID: 21479594 PMCID: PMC11115067 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a vertebrate-specific group of small molecules that regulate cell migration and behaviour in diverse contexts. So far, around 50 chemokines have been identified in humans, which bind to 18 different chemokine receptors. These are members of the seven-transmembrane receptor family. Initially, chemokines were identified as modulators of the immune response. Subsequently, they were also shown to regulate cell migration during embryonic development. Here, we discuss the influence of chemokines and their receptors on angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of how chemokine signalling might directly influence endothelial cell migration. We furthermore examine the contributions of chemokine signalling in immune cells during this process. Finally, we explore possible implications for disease settings, such as chronic inflammation and tumour progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friedemann Kiefer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Global expression profiling of peripheral Qa-1-restricted CD8αα+TCRαβ+ regulatory T cells reveals innate-like features: implications for immune-regulatory repertoire. Hum Immunol 2011; 73:214-22. [PMID: 21889557 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among peripheral regulatory T cells, CD8(+) T cells also play an important role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. A subset of CD8(+) Treg that express αβ T cell receptor (TCR) and CD8αα homodimers can recognize TCR-derived peptides in the context of the class Ib MHC molecule Qa-1. To gain a better understanding of the nature and phenotype of CD8αα(+)TCRαβ+ Treg, a global gene expression profiling using microarray, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow-cytometric analysis was performed using functional Treg clones and lines. The study findings show that CD8(+) Treg shared gene profile expressed by innate-like lymphocytes, including murine intraepithelial lymphocytes and thymic CD8αα(+)TCRαβ+ T-cell populations. In addition, this subset displays differential expression of several key regulatory molecules, including CD200. CD8αα(+) Treg expressed higher levels of a number of natural killer cell-related receptors and molecules belonging to the TNF superfamily. Collectively, peripheral class Ib-reactive CD8αα(+)TCRαβ+ T cells represent a unique regulatory population different from class Ia major histocompatibility complex-restricted conventional T cells. These studies have important implications for the regulatory mechanisms mediated by the CD8(+) Treg population in general.
Collapse
|
140
|
Weigelt K, Carvalho LA, Drexhage RC, Wijkhuijs A, de Wit H, van Beveren NJM, Birkenhäger TK, Bergink V, Drexhage HA. TREM-1 and DAP12 expression in monocytes of patients with severe psychiatric disorders. EGR3, ATF3 and PU.1 as important transcription factors. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:1162-9. [PMID: 21421043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune activation is a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD). The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), its' adaptor molecule DAP12 and their transcription factor (TF) PU.1 are important key genes in inflammation and expressed in activated monocytes and microglia. AIM To test: (1) if the expressions of TREM-1, DAP12 and PU.1 are increased in monocytes of patients with severe psychiatric disorders and (2) if PU.1 and the TFs ATF3 and EGR3 (which have been found as prominent increased monocyte genes in previous studies) are involved in the regulation of TREM-1 and DAP12 expression. METHODS Using Q-PCR, we studied the gene expression of TREM-1, DAP12, PU.1, ATF3 and EGR3 in the monocytes of 73 patients with severe psychiatric disorders (27 recent onset SCZ patients, 22 BD patients and 24 MDD patients) and of 79 healthy controls (HC). Using in silico TF binding site prediction and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we studied the actual binding of EGR3, ATF3 and PU.1 to the promoter regions of TREM-1 and DAP12. RESULTS 1. TREM-1 gene expression was increased in the monocytes of SCZ and BD patients and tended to be increased in the monocytes of MDD patients. 2. DAP12 gene levels were neither increased in the monocytes of SCZ, BD, nor MDD patients. 3. PU.1 expression levels were increased in the monocytes of MDD patients, but not in those of SCZ and BD patients. 4. TREM-1 expression levels correlated in particular to ATF3 and EGR3 expression levels, DAP12 expression levels correlated in particular to PU.1 expression levels. 5. We found using binding site prediction and ChIP assays that the TFs EGR3 and ATF3 indeed bound to the TREM-1 promoter, PU.1 bound to both the TREM-1 and DAP12 promoter. CONCLUSION In this study, we provide evidence that TREM-1 gene expression is significantly increased in monocytes of SCZ and BD patients and that the TREM-1 gene is a target gene of the TFs ATF3 and EGR3. In MDD patients, PU.1 gene expression was increased with a tendency for TREM-1 gene over expression. Our observations support the concept that monocytes are in a pro-inflammatory state in severe psychiatric conditions and suggest differences in monocyte inflammatory set points between SCZ, BD and MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Weigelt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of mammalian cell fusion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 713:33-64. [PMID: 21432013 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0763-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of one cell with another occurs in development, injury and disease. Despite the diversity of fusion events, five steps in sequence appear common. These steps include programming fusion-competent status, chemotaxis, membrane adhesion, membrane fusion, and post-fusion resetting. Recent advances in the field start to reveal the molecules involved in each step. This review focuses on some key molecules and cellular events of cell fusion in mammals. Increasing evidence demonstrates that membrane lipid rafts, adhesion proteins and actin rearrangement are critical in the final step of membrane fusion. Here we propose a new model for the formation and expansion of membrane fusion pores based on recent observations on myotube formation. In this model, membrane lipid rafts first recruit adhesion molecules and align with opposing membranes, with the help of a cortical actin "wall" as a rigid supportive platform. Second, the membrane adhesion proteins interact with each other and trigger actin rearrangement, which leads to rapid dispersion of lipid rafts and flow of a highly fluidic phospholipid bilayer into the site. Finally, the opposing phospholipid bilayers are then pushed into direct contact leading to the formation of fusion pores by the force generated through actin polymerization. The actin polymerization generated force also drives the expansion of the fusion pores. However, several key questions about the process of cell fusion still remain to be explored. The understanding of the mechanisms of cell fusion may provide new opportunities in correcting development disorders or regenerating damaged tissues by inhibiting or promoting molecular events associated with fusion.
Collapse
|
142
|
Peters LR, Raghavan M. Endoplasmic reticulum calcium depletion impacts chaperone secretion, innate immunity, and phagocytic uptake of cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:919-31. [PMID: 21670312 PMCID: PMC3371385 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of immunological functions are ascribed to cell surface-expressed forms of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone calreticulin (CRT). In this study, we examined the impact of ER stress-inducing drugs upon cell surface CRT induction and the resulting immunological consequences. We showed that cell surface expression of CRT and secretion of CRT, BiP, gp96, and PDI were induced by thapsigargin (THP) treatment, which depletes ER calcium, but not by tunicamycin treatment, which inhibits protein glycosylation. Surface expression of CRT in viable, THP-treated fibroblasts correlated with their enhanced phagocytic uptake by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Incubation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with THP-treated fibroblasts enhanced sterile IL-6 production and LPS-induced generation of IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α. However, extracellular CRT is not required for enhanced proinflammatory responses. Furthermore, the pattern of proinflammatory cytokine induction by THP-treated cells and cell supernatants resembled that induced by THP itself and indicated that other ER chaperones present in supernatants of THP-treated cells also do not contribute to induction of the innate immune response. Thus, secretion of various ER chaperones, including CRT, is induced by ER calcium depletion. CRT, previously suggested as an eat-me signal in dead and dying cellular contexts, can also promote phagocytic uptake of cells subject to ER calcium depletion. Finally, there is a strong synergy between calcium depletion in the ER and sterile IL-6, as well as LPS-dependent IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α innate responses, findings that have implications for understanding inflammatory diseases that originate in the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry Robert Peters
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Nakano-Yokomizo T, Tahara-Hanaoka S, Nakahashi-Oda C, Nabekura T, Tchao NK, Kadosaki M, Totsuka N, Kurita N, Nakamagoe K, Tamaoka A, Takai T, Yasui T, Kikutani H, Honda SI, Shibuya K, Lanier LL, Shibuya A. The immunoreceptor adapter protein DAP12 suppresses B lymphocyte-driven adaptive immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1661-71. [PMID: 21727189 PMCID: PMC3149228 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
DAP12, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-bearing adapter protein, is involved in innate immunity mediated by natural killer cells and myeloid cells. We show that DAP12-deficient mouse B cells and B cells from a patient with Nasu-Hakola disease, a recessive genetic disorder resulting from loss of DAP12, showed enhanced proliferation after stimulation with anti-IgM or CpG. Myeloid-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (MAIR) II (Cd300d) is a DAP12-associated immune receptor. Like DAP12-deficient B cells, MAIR-II-deficient B cells were hyperresponsive. Expression of a chimeric receptor composed of the MAIR-II extracellular domain directly coupled to DAP12 into the DAP12-deficient or MAIR-II-deficient B cells suppressed B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated proliferation. The chimeric MAIR-II-DAP12 receptor recruited the SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) after BCR stimulation. DAP12-deficient mice showed elevated serum antibodies against self-antigens and enhanced humoral immune responses against T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Thus, DAP12-coupled MAIR-II negatively regulates B cell-mediated adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Nakano-Yokomizo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Pfirsch-Maisonnas S, Aloulou M, Xu T, Claver J, Kanamaru Y, Tiwari M, Launay P, Monteiro RC, Blank U. Inhibitory ITAM Signaling Traps Activating Receptors with the Phosphatase SHP-1 to Form Polarized "Inhibisome" Clusters. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra24. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
145
|
Hajishengallis G, Lambris JD. Microbial manipulation of receptor crosstalk in innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:187-200. [PMID: 21350579 DOI: 10.1038/nri2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the arms race of host-microbe co-evolution, successful microbial pathogens have evolved ingenious ways to evade host immune responses. In this Review, we focus on 'crosstalk manipulation' - the microbial strategies that instigate, subvert or disrupt the molecular signalling crosstalk between receptors of the innate immune system. This proactive interference undermines host defences and contributes to microbial adaptive fitness and persistent infections. Understanding how pathogens exploit host receptor crosstalk mechanisms and infiltrate the host signalling network is essential for developing interventions to redirect the host response and achieve protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- University of Louisville, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Steevels TAM, Meyaard L. Immune inhibitory receptors: essential regulators of phagocyte function. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:575-87. [PMID: 21312193 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, play a crucial role in host defense by recognition and elimination of invading pathogens. Phagocytic cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, leading to bacterial killing and to recruitment and activation of additional immune cells. However, inflammatory mediators are potentially harmful for the host and their production is therefore tightly controlled by multiple regulatory mechanisms. One such mechanism is immune suppression by immune inhibitory receptors, which are increasingly acknowledged as potent regulators of the immune response. So far, research has focused on the role of these receptors in the regulation of NK cells, B cells, and T cells. Importantly, an accumulating number of inhibitory receptors have been identified on phagocytes. Here, we review the role of inhibitory receptors in the regulation of phagocyte cytokine production, migration, apoptosis, ROS production, and phagocytosis. Furthermore, we discuss the intracellular mechanisms utilized by distinct inhibitory receptors to regulate specific phagocyte functions. We demonstrate that inhibitory receptors are important regulators of the immune response, which bacteria can use to their advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A M Steevels
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Sumpter TL, Packiam V, Turnquist HR, Castellaneta A, Yoshida O, Thomson AW. DAP12 promotes IRAK-M expression and IL-10 production by liver myeloid dendritic cells and restrains their T cell allostimulatory ability. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:1970-80. [PMID: 21257958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Freshly isolated hepatic dendritic cells (DC) are comparatively immature, relatively resistant to maturation, and can downmodulate effector T cell responses. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these properties are ill defined. DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) is an ITAM-bearing transmembrane adaptor protein that integrates signals through several receptors, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, -2, and CD200R. Notably, DC propagated from DAP12-deficient mice exhibit enhanced maturation in response to TLR ligation. Given the constitutive exposure of liver DC to endotoxin draining from the gut, we hypothesized that DAP12 might regulate liver DC maturation. We show that DAP12 is expressed by freshly isolated liver, spleen, kidney, and lung myeloid DC. Moreover, inhibition of DAP12 expression by liver DC using small interfering RNA promotes their phenotypic and functional maturation, resulting in enhanced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p70 production, reduced secretion of IL-10, and enhanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Furthermore, DAP12 silencing correlates with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in mature liver DC and with diminished expression of the IL-1R-associated kinase-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling. These findings highlight a regulatory role for DAP12 in hepatic DC maturation, and suggest a mechanism whereby this function may be induced/maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina L Sumpter
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Activation or tolerance of natural killer cells is modulated by ligand quality in a nonmonotonic manner. Biophys J 2011; 99:2028-37. [PMID: 20923636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells extend important immune resistance in vertebrates by lysing infected and tumor cells. A fine balance between opposing signals generated by a diverse set of stimulatory and inhibitory NK-cell receptors determines the fate of target cells interacting with the NK cells. We have developed a mathematical model involving membrane proximal initial signaling events that provides novel mechanistic insights into how activation of NK cells is modulated by the half-life of receptor-ligand interaction and ligand concentrations. We show that strong stimulatory ligands produce digital activation, whereas weaker stimulatory ligands can mediate inhibition by strengthening the signals generated by inhibitory ligands, as indicated in experiments in knockout mice. We find under certain conditions, counterintuitively, inhibitory receptors can help mediate activation instead of inhibition. Mechanistic insights gained from NK-cell signaling can facilitate understanding of complex signaling responses that occur due to cross talk between dueling signaling pathways in other cell types.
Collapse
|
149
|
Satoh JI, Tabunoki H, Ishida T, Yagishita S, Jinnai K, Futamura N, Kobayashi M, Toyoshima I, Yoshioka T, Enomoto K, Arai N, Arima K. Immunohistochemical characterization of microglia in Nasu-Hakola disease brains. Neuropathology 2010; 31:363-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
150
|
Smrz D, Iwaki S, McVicar DW, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. TLR-mediated signaling pathways circumvent the requirement for DAP12 in mast cells for the induction of inflammatory mediator release. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:3557-69. [PMID: 21108475 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TLR, expressed on the surface of mast cells, respond to a variety of bacterial and viral components to induce and enhance high-affinity IgE receptor-mediated cytokine production. Recent reports have indicated that specific TLR-dependent responses in macrophages and dendritic cells are regulated by the ITAM-containing molecule, DAP12. When phosphorylated, DAP12 recruits Syk, which is a critical molecule for mast cell activation. We therefore examined whether DAP12 similarly regulates TLR-mediated responses in mast cells. DAP12 was confirmed to be expressed in both human and mouse mast cells and, upon phosphorylation, to recruit Syk. However, although TLR agonists induced cytokine production, and synergistically enhanced high-affinity IgE receptor-mediated cytokine production, surprisingly, they failed to increase DAP12 phosphorylation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC). Furthermore, normal TLR-mediated responses were observed in DAP12(-/-) BMMC. However, DAP12 phosphorylation and subsequent Syk recruitment were observed in BMMC following Con A-induced aggregation of mannose-glycosylated receptors, and these responses, together with Con A-induced degranulation, were substantially reduced in the DAP12(-/-) BMMC. These data demonstrate that TLR have differential requirements for DAP12 for their function in different cell types and that the inability of TLR to influence mast cell degranulation may be linked to their inability to utilize DAP12 to recruit Syk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Smrz
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|