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Sasaki H, Sasaki N. Tensin 2-deficient nephropathy - mechanosensitive nephropathy, genetic susceptibility. Exp Anim 2022; 71:252-263. [PMID: 35444113 PMCID: PMC9388341 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensin 2 (TNS2), a focal adhesion protein, is considered to anchor focal adhesion proteins to β integrin as an integrin adaptor protein and/or serve as a scaffold to facilitate the
interactions of these proteins. In the kidney, TNS2 localizes to the basolateral surface of glomerular epithelial cells, i.e., podocytes. Loss of TNS2 leads to the development of glomerular
basement membrane lesions and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix in maturing glomeruli during the early postnatal stages. It subsequently results in podocyte foot process
effacement, eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis. Histopathological features of the affected glomeruli in the middle stage of the disease include expansion of the mesangial matrix
without mesangial cell proliferation. In this review, we provide an overview of TNS2-deficient nephropathy and discuss the potential mechanism underlying this mechanosensitive nephropathy,
which may be applicable to other glomerulonephropathies, such as CD151-deficient nephropathy and Alport syndrome. The onset of TNS2-deficient nephropathy strictly depends on the genetic
background, indicating the presence of critical modifier genes. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of mechanosensitive nephropathy may open new avenues for the management of
patients with glomerulonephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
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102
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Ripamonti M, Wehrle-Haller B, de Curtis I. Paxillin: A Hub for Mechano-Transduction from the β3 Integrin-Talin-Kindlin Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852016. [PMID: 35450290 PMCID: PMC9016114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are specialized integrin-dependent adhesion complexes, which ensure cell anchoring to the extracellular matrix. Focal adhesions also function as mechano-signaling platforms by perceiving and integrating diverse physical and (bio)chemical cues of their microenvironment, and by transducing them into intracellular signaling for the control of cell behavior. The fundamental biological mechanism of creating intracellular signaling in response to changes in tensional forces appears to be tightly linked to paxillin recruitment and binding to focal adhesions. Interestingly, the tension-dependent nature of the paxillin binding to adhesions, combined with its scaffolding function, suggests a major role of this protein in integrating multiple signals from the microenvironment, and accordingly activating diverse molecular responses. This minireview offers an overview of the molecular bases of the mechano-sensitivity and mechano-signaling capacity of core focal adhesion proteins, and highlights the role of paxillin as a key component of the mechano-transducing machinery based on the interaction of cells to substrates activating the β3 integrin-talin1-kindlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ripamonti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ivan de Curtis,
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103
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Duan B, Qin Z, Gu X, Li Y. Migfilin: Cell Adhesion Effect and Comorbidities. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:411-422. [PMID: 35469339 PMCID: PMC9034862 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s357355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion manifests as cell linkages to neighboring cells and/or the extracellular matrix (ECM). Migfilin is a widely expressed adhesion protein. It comprises three LIM domains in the C-terminal region and one proline-rich sequence in the N-terminal region. Through interplay with its various binding partners, such as Kindlin-2, Filamin, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) protein and the transcription factor CSX, Migfilin facilitates the dynamic association of connecting actomyosin fibers, orchestrating cell morphogenetic movement and cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, differentiation and signal transduction. In this review, to further elucidate the functional contributions of and pathogenesis induced by Migfilin, we focused on the structure of Migfilin and the targets which it directly binds with. We also summarized the role of Migfilin and its binding partners in the progression of different diseases and malignancies. As a possible candidate for coordinating various cellular processes and because of its association with both the pathogenesis and progression of certain tumors, Migfilin likely has utility as a therapeutic target against multiple diseases in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Qin
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Xuefeng Gu, Department of Pharmacy, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 6588 3180, Email
| | - Yanfei Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yanfei Li, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 6588 3180 Email
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104
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miRNA-guided reprogramming of glucose and glutamine metabolism and its impact on cell adhesion/migration during solid tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:216. [PMID: 35348905 PMCID: PMC8964646 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally, and are highly involved in cancer progression. They are able to impact a variety of cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation and can consequently control tumor initiation, tumor progression and metastasis formation. miRNAs can regulate, at the same time, metabolic gene expression which, in turn, influences relevant traits of malignancy such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Since the interaction between metabolism and adhesion or cell movement has not, to date, been well understood, in this review, we will specifically focus on miRNA alterations that can interfere with some metabolic processes leading to the modulation of cancer cell movement. In addition, we will analyze the signaling pathways connecting metabolism and adhesion/migration, alterations that often affect cancer cell dissemination and metastasis formation.
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105
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Zhang J, Wang H, Yuan C, Wu J, Xu J, Chen S, Zhang C, He Y. ITGAL as a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808212. [PMID: 35399517 PMCID: PMC8987306 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha L (ITGAL) is a member of the integrin family in which the abnormal expression is linked with carcinogenesis and immune regulation. However, the relation between ITGAL and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are not well understood. The differential expressions of ITGAL in human tumors and the clinical prognosis in GC were systematically analyzed via multiple databases including Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter. TIMER, GEPIA, and TISIDB databases were used to comprehensively investigate the correlation between ITGAL and tumor infiltration immune cells. Also, further results were investigated by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. We found that ITGAL expression in GC samples was considerably increased than in peritumor samples. Sample type, subgroup, cancer stage, lymphatic node stage, and worse survival were strongly related to high ITGAL expression. Moreover, upregulated ITGAL expression was strongly connected with immunomodulators, chemokines, and infiltrating levels of CD8+, CD4+ T cell, B cell, monocyte, neutrophil, macrophage, T-cell regulatory, NK cell, and myeloid dendritic cell in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Specifically, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatic analysis showed that ITGAL expression was shown to have strong relationships with various immunological marker sets including PD1 (T-cell exhaustion marker). In conclusion, ITGAL is a prognostic biomarker for GC patients. It might regulate tumor immune microenvironment leading to poor prognosis. Furthermore, studies are essential to explore therapeutic targeting ITGAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Zhang
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiannan Xu
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songyao Chen
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Changhua Zhang, ; Yulong He,
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changhua Zhang, ; Yulong He,
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106
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Faix J, Rottner K. Ena/VASP proteins in cell edge protrusion, migration and adhesion. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274697. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The tightly coordinated, spatiotemporal control of actin filament remodeling provides the basis of fundamental cellular processes, such as cell migration and adhesion. Specific protein assemblies, composed of various actin-binding proteins, are thought to operate in these processes to nucleate and elongate new filaments, arrange them into complex three-dimensional (3D) arrays and recycle them to replenish the actin monomer pool. Actin filament assembly is not only necessary to generate pushing forces against the leading edge membrane or to propel pathogens through the cytoplasm, but also coincides with the generation of stress fibers (SFs) and focal adhesions (FAs) that generate, transmit and sense mechanical tension. The only protein families known to date that directly enhance the elongation of actin filaments are formins and the family of Ena/VASP proteins. Their mechanisms of action, however, in enhancing processive filament elongation are distinct. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of Ena/VASP-mediated actin filament assembly, and to discuss recent insights into the cell biological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cell edge protrusion, migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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107
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Søreng K, Pankiv S, Bergsmark C, Haugsten EM, Dahl AK, de la Ballina LR, Yamamoto A, Lystad AH, Simonsen A. ALFY localizes to early endosomes and cellular protrusions to facilitate directional cell migration. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259138. [PMID: 35099014 PMCID: PMC8919339 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a complex process underlying physiological and pathological processes such as brain development and cancer metastasis. The autophagy-linked FYVE protein (ALFY; also known as WDFY3), an autophagy adaptor protein known to promote clearance of protein aggregates, has been implicated in brain development and neural migration during cerebral cortical neurogenesis in mice. However, a specific role of ALFY in cell motility and extracellular matrix adhesion during migration has not been investigated. Here, we reveal a novel role for ALFY in the endocytic pathway and in cell migration. We show that ALFY localizes to RAB5- and EEA1-positive early endosomes in a PtdIns(3)P-dependent manner and is highly enriched in cellular protrusions at the leading and lagging edge of migrating cells. We find that cells lacking ALFY have reduced attachment and altered protein levels and glycosylation of integrins, resulting in the inability to form a proper leading edge and loss of directional cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiane Søreng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Serhiy Pankiv
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Bergsmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen M. Haugsten
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette K. Dahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura R. de la Ballina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
| | - Alf H. Lystad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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108
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Jose J, Hoque M, Engel J, Beevi SS, Wahba M, Georgieva MI, Murphy KJ, Hughes WE, Cochran BJ, Lu A, Tebar F, Hoy AJ, Timpson P, Rye KA, Enrich C, Rentero C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 and NPC1 regulate LDL-inducible cell migration and distribution of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:596. [PMID: 35022465 PMCID: PMC8755831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is considered indispensable for cell motility, but how physiological cholesterol pools enable cells to move forward remains to be clarified. The majority of cells obtain cholesterol from the uptake of Low-Density lipoproteins (LDL) and here we demonstrate that LDL stimulates A431 squamous epithelial carcinoma and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell migration and invasion. LDL also potentiated epidermal growth factor (EGF) -stimulated A431 cell migration as well as A431 invasion in 3-dimensional environments, using organotypic assays. Blocking cholesterol export from late endosomes (LE), using Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC1) mutant cells, pharmacological NPC1 inhibition or overexpression of the annexin A6 (AnxA6) scaffold protein, compromised LDL-inducible migration and invasion. Nevertheless, NPC1 mutant cells established focal adhesions (FA) that contain activated focal adhesion kinase (pY397FAK, pY861FAK), vinculin and paxillin. Compared to controls, NPC1 mutants display increased FA numbers throughout the cell body, but lack LDL-inducible FA formation at cell edges. Strikingly, AnxA6 depletion in NPC1 mutant cells, which restores late endosomal cholesterol export in these cells, increases their cell motility and association of the cholesterol biosensor D4H with active FAK at cell edges, indicating that AnxA6-regulated transport routes contribute to cholesterol delivery to FA structures, thereby improving NPC1 mutant cell migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Monira Hoque
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Johanna Engel
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Syed S Beevi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,KIMS Foundation and Research Centre, KIMS Hospitals, 1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500003, India
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mariya Ilieva Georgieva
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - William E Hughes
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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109
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010146. [PMID: 35008569 PMCID: PMC8745566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, and tissue turnover by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by releasing matrikines, cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among the MMPs, MMP-14 is the driving force behind extracellular matrix and tissue destruction during cancer invasion and metastasis. MMP-14 also influences both intercellular as well as cell-matrix communication by regulating the activity of many plasma membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins. Cancer cells and other cells of the tumor stroma, embedded in a common extracellular matrix, interact with their matrix by means of various adhesive structures, of which particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel the matrix through spatially and temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As a deeper understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms is beneficial for the development of new prognostic and predictive markers and for targeted therapies, this review examined the current knowledge of the interplay of the various MMPs in the cancer context on the protein, subcellular, and cellular level with a focus on MMP14.
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110
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Tadijan A, Humphries JD, Samaržija I, Stojanović N, Zha J, Čuljak K, Tomić M, Paradžik M, Nestić D, Kang H, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. The Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line Cal27 Primarily Employs Integrin α6β4-Containing Type II Hemidesmosomes for Adhesion Which Contribute to Anticancer Drug Sensitivity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:786758. [PMID: 34977030 PMCID: PMC8716755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins used by cells to bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival. A causative relationship between integrin expression and resistance to anticancer drugs has been demonstrated in different tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Using a Cal27 tongue squamous cell carcinoma model, we have previously demonstrated that de novo expression of integrin αVβ3 confers resistance to several anticancer drugs (cisplatin, mitomycin C and doxorubicin) through a mechanism involving downregulation of active Src, increased cell migration and invasion. In the integrin αVβ3 expressing Cal27-derived cell clone 2B1, αVβ5 expression was also increased, but unrelated to drug resistance. To identify the integrin adhesion complex (IAC) components that contribute to the changes in Cal27 and 2B1 cell adhesion and anticancer drug resistance, we isolated IACs from both cell lines. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analysis indicated that both cell lines preferentially, but not exclusively, use integrin α6β4, which is classically found in hemidesmosomes. The anticancer drug resistant cell clone 2B1 demonstrated an increased level of α6β4 accompanied with increased deposition of a laminin-332-containing ECM. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated the formation of type II hemidesmosomes by both cell types. Furthermore, suppression of α6β4 expression in both lines conferred resistance to anticancer drugs through a mechanism independent of αVβ3, which implies that the cell clone 2B1 would have been even more resistant had the upregulation of α6β4 not occurred. Taken together, our results identify a key role for α6β4-containing type II hemidesmosomes in regulating anticancer drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tadijan
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Junzhe Zha
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Tomić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Nestić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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111
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Hu X, Zhang Y. Developing biomaterials to mediate the spatial distribution of integrins. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:041302. [PMID: 38504718 PMCID: PMC10903404 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Innovation in material design to regulate cell behavior and function is one of the primary tasks in materials science. Integrins, a family of cell surface-adhesion receptors that mechanically connect the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the intracellular cytoskeleton, have long served as primary targets for the design of biomaterials because their activity is not only critical to a wide range of cell and tissue functions but also subject to very tight and complex regulations from the outside environment. To review the recent progress of material innovations targeting the spatial distribution of integrins, we first introduce the interaction mechanisms between cells and the ECM by highlighting integrin-based cell adhesions, describing how integrins respond to environmental stimuli, including variations in ligand presentation, mechanical cues, and topographical variations. Then, we overview the current development of soft materials in guiding cell behaviors and functions via spatial regulation of integrins. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of these technologies and the advances that may be achieved in the future. Undoubtedly, synthetic soft materials that mediate the spatial distribution of integrins play an important role in biomaterial innovations for advancing biomedical applications and addressing fundamental biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwu Hu
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ye Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Petzold J, Gentleman E. Intrinsic Mechanical Cues and Their Impact on Stem Cells and Embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761871. [PMID: 34820380 PMCID: PMC8606660 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although understanding how soluble cues direct cellular processes revolutionised the study of cell biology in the second half of the 20th century, over the last two decades, new insights into how mechanical cues similarly impact cell fate decisions has gained momentum. During development, extrinsic cues such as fluid flow, shear stress and compressive forces are essential for normal embryogenesis to proceed. Indeed, both adult and embryonic stem cells can respond to applied forces, but they can also detect intrinsic mechanical cues from their surrounding environment, such as the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, which impacts differentiation and morphogenesis. Cells can detect changes in their mechanical environment using cell surface receptors such as integrins and focal adhesions. Moreover, dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton have been identified as a key means by which forces are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the cell and vice versa. Although we have some understanding of the downstream mechanisms whereby mechanical cues are translated into changes in cell behaviour, many of the signalling pathways remain to be defined. This review discusses the importance of intrinsic mechanical cues on adult cell fate decisions, the emerging roles of cell surface mechano-sensors and the cytoskeleton in enabling cells to sense its microenvironment, and the role of intracellular signalling in translating mechanical cues into transcriptional outputs. In addition, the contribution of mechanical cues to fundamental processes during embryogenesis such as apical constriction and convergent extension is discussed. The continued development of tools to measure the biomechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo is likely to uncover currently underestimated contributions of these cues to adult stem cell fate decisions and embryogenesis, and may inform on regenerative strategies for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Petzold
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Legerstee K, Houtsmuller AB. A Layered View on Focal Adhesions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111189. [PMID: 34827182 PMCID: PMC8614905 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibres within cells that provide structure and support intracellular transport. Focal adhesions are protein complexes associated with the outer cell membrane that are found at the ends of specialised actin fibres of this cytoskeleton. They mediate cell adhesion by connecting the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, a protein and sugar network that surrounds cells in tissues. Focal adhesions also translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. Cell adhesion and migration are crucial to diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, proper functioning of the immune system or the metastasis of cancer cells. Advances in fluorescence microscopy and data analysis methods provided a more detailed understanding of the dynamic ways in which proteins bind and dissociate from focal adhesions and how they are organised within these protein complexes. In this review, we provide an overview of the advances in the current scientific understanding of focal adhesions and summarize relevant imaging techniques. One of the key insights is that focal adhesion proteins are organised into three layers parallel to the cell membrane. We discuss the relevance of this layered nature for the functioning of focal adhesion. Abstract The cytoskeleton provides structure to cells and supports intracellular transport. Actin fibres are crucial to both functions. Focal Adhesions (FAs) are large macromolecular multiprotein assemblies at the ends of specialised actin fibres linking these to the extracellular matrix. FAs translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. This review will discuss recent insights into FA protein dynamics and their organisation within FAs, made possible by advances in fluorescence imaging techniques and data analysis methods. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that FAs are composed of three layers parallel to the plasma membrane. We focus on some of the most frequently investigated proteins, two from each layer, paxillin and FAK (bottom, integrin signalling layer), vinculin and talin (middle, force transduction layer) and zyxin and VASP (top, actin regulatory layer). Finally, we discuss the potential impact of this layered nature on different aspects of FA behaviour.
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Liu Y, Yue Z, Wang H, Li M, Wu X, Lin H, Han W, Lan S, Sun L. A novel ITGA3 homozygous splice mutation in an ILNEB syndrome child with slow progression. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:430-436. [PMID: 34751145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ILNEB (interstitial lung disease, nephrotic syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa) syndrome is caused by ITGA3 mutations. Demises usually happened at infancy. This study reports a complete ILNEB syndrome child with slow disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data and related specimens were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted for genetic sequencing. Integrin α3 expression was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The patient was male. He experienced recurrent rashes shortly after birth. His sparse eyebrows and eyelashes gradually lost. The patient was vulnerable to respiratory infections and had recurrent fever after vaccine immunization after 4 years. He was found with nephrotic syndrome and polycystic renal dysplasia at 8 years and progressed to end-stage renal disease at 12 years. A chest Computed Tomography revealed intestinal lung disease at 8 years. Continuous oxygen supplementation was needed at 13 years. Counts of lymphocyte subsets revealed elevated percentage of double-negative T cells and activated T cells. Next-generation sequencing revealed a novel homozygous splice mutation c.2219 + 4A > Cin ITGA3 that was predicted to be deleterious. The mutation resulted in exon17 skipping with the loss of 80 bp in the mRNA. The aberrant integrin α3 mRNA level was lower compared to the healthy control. Integrin α3 protein was not detected in urine epithelial cells and skin of the patient. CONCLUSIONS We report a patient harboring a novel ITGA3 homozygous splice mutation who presented with complete ILNEB syndrome but slow disease progression. Immune disorders were suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhihui Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongrong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuling Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Veerasubramanian PK, Shao H, Meli VS, Phan TAQ, Luu TU, Liu WF, Downing TL. A Src-H3 acetylation signaling axis integrates macrophage mechanosensation with inflammatory response. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121236. [PMID: 34753038 PMCID: PMC8939266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are mechanosensitive cells that can exquisitely fine-tune their function in response to their microenvironment. While macrophage polarization results in concomitant changes in cell morphology and epigenetic reprogramming, how biophysically-induced signaling cascades contribute to gene regulatory programs that drive polarization remains unknown. We reveal a cytoskeleton-dependent Src-H3 acetylation (H3Ac) axis responsible for inflammation-associated histone hyperacetylation. Inflammatory stimuli caused increases in traction forces, Src activity and H3Ac marks in macrophages, accompanied by reduced cell elongation and motility. These effects were curtailed following disruption of H3Ac-signaling through either micropattern-induced cell elongation or inhibition of H3Ac readers (BRD proteins) directly. Src activation relieves the suppression of p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity by PKCδ. Furthermore, while inhibition of Src reduced p300 HAT activity and H3Ac marks globally, local H3Ac levels within the Src promoter were increased, suggesting H3Ac regulates Src levels through feedback. Together, our study reveals an adhesome-to-epigenome regulatory nexus underlying macrophage mechanosensation, where Src modulates H3Ac-associated epigenetic signaling as a means of tuning inflammatory gene activity and macrophage fate decisions in response to microenvironmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Krishna Veerasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hanjuan Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tri Andrew Q Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thuy U Luu
- UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wendy F Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Timothy L Downing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The matrisome and adhesome comprise proteins that are found within or are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion complexes, respectively. Interactions between cells and their microenvironment are mediated by key matrisome and adhesome proteins, which direct fundamental processes, including growth and development. Due to their underlying complexity, it has historically been challenging to undertake mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling of these proteins. New developments in sample preparative workflows, informatics databases, and MS techniques have enabled in-depth proteomic characterization of the matrisome and adhesome, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the interactomes, and cellular signaling that occur at the cell-ECM interface. AREA COVERED This review summarizes recent advances in proteomic characterization of the matrisome and adhesome. It focuses on the importance of curated databases and discusses key strengths and limitations of different workflows. EXPERT OPINION MS-based proteomics has shown promise in characterizing the matrisome and topology of adhesome networks in health and disease. Moving forward, it will be important to incorporate integrative analysis to define the bidirectional signaling between the matrisome and adhesome, and adopt new methods for post-translational modification and in vivo analyses to better dissect the critical roles that these proteins play in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Liprins in oncogenic signaling and cancer cell adhesion. Oncogene 2021; 40:6406-6416. [PMID: 34654889 PMCID: PMC8602034 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liprins are a multifunctional family of scaffold proteins, identified by their involvement in several important neuronal functions related to signaling and organization of synaptic structures. More recently, the knowledge on the liprin family has expanded from neuronal functions to processes relevant to cancer progression, including cell adhesion, cell motility, cancer cell invasion, and signaling. These proteins consist of regions, which by prediction are intrinsically disordered, and may be involved in the assembly of supramolecular structures relevant for their functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functions of liprins in different cellular processes, with special emphasis on liprins in tumor progression. The available data indicate that liprins may be potential biomarkers for cancer progression and may have therapeutic importance.
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Abstract
Talins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that consist of an N-terminal head domain, a flexible neck region and a C-terminal rod domain made of 13 helical bundles. The head domain binds integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic tails, which triggers integrin conformational activation to increase affinity for extracellular matrix proteins. The rod domain links to actin filaments inside the cell to transmit mechanical loads and serves as a mechanosensitive signalling hub for the recruitment of many other proteins. The α-helical bundles function as force-dependent switches - proteins that interact with folded bundles are displaced when force induces unfolding, exposing previously cryptic binding sites for other ligands. This leads to the notion of a talin code. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we propose that the multiple switches within the talin rod function to process and store time- and force-dependent mechanical and chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Nicholas H. Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Mascarenhas JB, Gaber AA, Larrinaga TM, Mayfield R, Novak S, Camp SM, Gregorio C, Jacobson JR, Cress AE, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN. EVL is a novel focal adhesion protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and vascular permeability. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211049002. [PMID: 34631011 PMCID: PMC8493322 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211049002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in lung vascular permeability is a cardinal feature of inflammatory disease and represents an imbalance in vascular contractile forces and barrier-restorative forces, with both forces highly dependent upon the actin cytoskeleton. The current study investigates the role of Ena-VASP-like (EVL), a member of the Ena-VASP family known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, in regulating vascular permeability responses and lung endothelial cell barrier integrity. Utilizing changes in transendothelial electricial resistance (TEER) to measure endothelial cell barrier responses, we demonstrate that EVL expression regulates endothelial cell responses to both sphingosine-1-phospate (S1P), a vascular barrier-enhancing agonist, and to thrombin, a barrier-disrupting stimulus. Total internal reflection fluorescence demonstrates that EVL is present in endothelial cell focal adhesions and impacts focal adhesion size, distribution, and the number of focal adhesions generated in response to S1P and thrombin challenge, with the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) a key contributor in S1P-stimulated EVL-transduced endothelial cell but a limited role in thrombin-induced focal adhesion rearrangements. In summary, these data indicate that EVL is a focal adhesion protein intimately involved in regulation of cytoskeletal responses to endothelial cell barrier-altering stimuli. Keywords: cytoskeleton, vascular barrier, sphingosine-1-phosphate, thrombin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Ena-VASP like protein (EVL), cytoskeletal regulatory protein
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir A Gaber
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tania M Larrinaga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rachel Mayfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefanie Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne E Cress
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Desaulniers D, Vasseur P, Jacobs A, Aguila MC, Ertych N, Jacobs MN. Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10969. [PMID: 34681626 PMCID: PMC8535778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Hazard Identification Division, Health Canada, AL:2203B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paule Vasseur
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Abigail Jacobs
- Independent at the Time of Publication, Previously US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - M. Cecilia Aguila
- Toxicology Team, Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Norman Ertych
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OX11 0RQ, UK;
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Caliva MJ, Yang WS, Young-Robbins S, Zhou M, Yoon H, Matter ML, Grimes ML, Conrads T, Ramos JW. Proteomics analysis identifies PEA-15 as an endosomal phosphoprotein that regulates α5β1 integrin endocytosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19830. [PMID: 34615962 PMCID: PMC8494857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking of cell surface receptors is essential to their function. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that integrate adhesion to the extracellular matrix with engagement of the cytoskeleton. Ligated integrins mediate diverse signals that regulate matrix assembly, cell survival, cell morphology, and cell motility. Endosomal trafficking of integrins modulates these signals and contributes to cell motility and is required for cancer cell invasion. The phosphoprotein PEA-15 modulates integrin activation and ERK MAP Kinase signaling. To elucidate novel PEA-15 functions we utilized an unbiased proteomics approach. We identified several binding partners for PEA-15 in the endosome including clathrin and AP-2 as well as integrin β1 and other focal adhesion complex proteins. We confirmed these interactions using proximity ligation analysis, immunofluorescence imaging, pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation. We further found that PEA-15 is enriched in endosomes and was required for efficient endosomal internalization of α5β1 integrin and cellular migration. Importantly, PEA-15 promotion of migration was dependent on PEA-15 phosphorylation at serines 104 and 116. These data support a novel endosomal role for PEA-15 in control of endosomal trafficking of integrins through an association with the β1 integrin and clathrin complexes, and thereby regulation of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisel J Caliva
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Won Seok Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Shirley Young-Robbins
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Suite 375, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Hana Yoon
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michelle L Matter
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Mark L Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Thomas Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Suite 375, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Joe William Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Kamperman T, Henke S, Crispim JF, Willemen NGA, Dijkstra PJ, Lee W, Offerhaus HL, Neubauer M, Smink AM, de Vos P, de Haan BJ, Karperien M, Shin SR, Leijten J. Tethering Cells via Enzymatic Oxidative Crosslinking Enables Mechanotransduction in Non-Cell-Adhesive Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102660. [PMID: 34476848 PMCID: PMC8530967 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions govern cell behavior and tissue function by facilitating transduction of biomechanical cues. Engineered tissues often incorporate these interactions by employing cell-adhesive materials. However, using constitutively active cell-adhesive materials impedes control over cell fate and elicits inflammatory responses upon implantation. Here, an alternative cell-material interaction strategy that provides mechanotransducive properties via discrete inducible on-cell crosslinking (DOCKING) of materials, including those that are inherently non-cell-adhesive, is introduced. Specifically, tyramine-functionalized materials are tethered to tyrosines that are naturally present in extracellular protein domains via enzyme-mediated oxidative crosslinking. Temporal control over the stiffness of on-cell tethered 3D microniches reveals that DOCKING uniquely enables lineage programming of stem cells by targeting adhesome-related mechanotransduction pathways acting independently of cell volume changes and spreading. In short, DOCKING represents a bioinspired and cytocompatible cell-tethering strategy that offers new routes to study and engineer cell-material interactions, thereby advancing applications ranging from drug delivery, to cell-based therapy, and cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sieger Henke
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Niels G A Willemen
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Dijkstra
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Wooje Lee
- Optical Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Herman L Offerhaus
- Optical Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Neubauer
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
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Sugden WW, North TE. Making Blood from the Vessel: Extrinsic and Environmental Cues Guiding the Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101027. [PMID: 34685398 PMCID: PMC8539454 DOI: 10.3390/life11101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that specialized subsets of endothelial cells carry out unique functions in specific organs and regions of the vascular tree. Perhaps the most striking example of this specialization is the ability to contribute to the generation of the blood system, in which a distinct population of “hemogenic” endothelial cells in the embryo transforms irreversibly into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that produce circulating erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid cells for the lifetime of an animal. This review will focus on recent advances made in the zebrafish model organism uncovering the extrinsic and environmental factors that facilitate hemogenic commitment and the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that produces blood stem cells. We highlight in particular biomechanical influences of hemodynamic forces and the extracellular matrix, metabolic and sterile inflammatory cues present during this developmental stage, and outline new avenues opened by transcriptomic-based approaches to decipher cell–cell communication mechanisms as examples of key signals in the embryonic niche that regulate hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade W. Sugden
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E. North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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124
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First patient with ILNEB syndrome due to pathogenic variants in ITGA3 surviving to adulthood. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104335. [PMID: 34492382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial Lung disease, Nephrotic syndrome and Epidermolysis Bullosa, also referred to as ILNEB syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition, caused by pathogenic variants in ITGA3. 11 patients have previously been diagnosed with ILNEB syndrome of whom 7 died in infancy or early childhood. We report the only patient with ILNEB syndrome who survived past adolescence, partly due to a double lung transplant. Additionally, our patient showed oral, nasal and gynecological symptoms not previously reported in patients with ILNEB syndrome.
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125
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Dissecting the Inorganic Nanoparticle-Driven Interferences on Adhesome Dynamics. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt2030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles have emerged as an attractive theranostic tool applied to different pathologies such as cancer. However, the increment in inorganic nanoparticle application in biomedicine has prompted the scientific community to assess their potential toxicities, often preventing them from entering clinical settings. Cytoskeleton network and the related adhesomes nest are present in most cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and cell death. The nanoparticle treatment can interfere with the cytoskeleton and adhesome dynamics, thus inflicting cellular damage. Therefore, it is crucial dissecting the molecular mechanisms involved in nanoparticle cytotoxicity. This review will briefly address the main characteristics of different adhesion structures and focus on the most relevant effects of inorganic nanoparticles with biomedical potential on cellular adhesome dynamics. Besides, the review put into perspective the use of inorganic nanoparticles for cytoskeleton targeting or study as a versatile tool. The dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved in the nanoparticle-driven interference of adhesome dynamics will facilitate the future development of nanotheranostics targeting cytoskeleton and adhesomes to tackle several diseases, such as cancer.
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126
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Dobson HE, Ruan S, Chang AE, Wicha MS, Li Q. Targeting cancer stem cells via integrin β4. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1850-1858. [PMID: 34504657 PMCID: PMC8416562 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate cell-cell interactions and communication with the extracellular matrix (ECM). These transmembrane protein receptors allow binding between a cell and its surroundings, initiating a breadth of intracellular signaling resulting in proliferation, differentiation, survival, or migration. Such responses have made integrins an attractive target for cancer therapy. Self-renewing and highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) are most resistant to traditional radiation treatment and chemotherapy, and therefore may contribute directly to the metastasis and relapse of the disease. In both the 4T1 mouse metastatic mammary tumor model and SCC7 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model, integrin β4 (ITGB4) was expressed on ALDHhigh 4T1 and SCC7 CSCs. Using two immunological approaches, we targeted ITGB4 through 1) ITGB4 protein-pulsed dendritic cell (ITGB4-DC) vaccination or 2) via anti-CD3/anit-ITGB4 bispecific antibody (ITGB4 BiAb)-armed T cell adoptive transfer. These two therapies reduced ITGB4-expressing CSCs and inhibited local tumor growth and lung metastasis through ITGB4 specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Additionally, the combination of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy with our two ITGB4-targeted approaches significantly improved treatment efficacy. We also found increased concentrations of serum IFN-γ and IL-6 in the 4T1 and SCC7 models which may help define future directions of this ITGB4-targeted study. Together, these results emphasize ITGB4 as a practical CSC immunological target with possible therapeutic benefits across tumor types with high ITGB4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Dobson
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shasha Ruan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiao Li
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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127
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Recent Applications of Retro-Inverso Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168677. [PMID: 34445382 PMCID: PMC8395423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and de novo designed peptides are gaining an ever-growing interest as drugs against several diseases. Their use is however limited by the intrinsic low bioavailability and poor stability. To overcome these issues retro-inverso analogues have been investigated for decades as more stable surrogates of peptides composed of natural amino acids. Retro-inverso peptides possess reversed sequences and chirality compared to the parent molecules maintaining at the same time an identical array of side chains and in some cases similar structure. The inverted chirality renders them less prone to degradation by endogenous proteases conferring enhanced half-lives and an increased potential as new drugs. However, given their general incapability to adopt the 3D structure of the parent peptides their application should be careful evaluated and investigated case by case. Here, we review the application of retro-inverso peptides in anticancer therapies, in immunology, in neurodegenerative diseases, and as antimicrobials, analyzing pros and cons of this interesting subclass of molecules.
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128
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Ghilardi N, Pappu R, Arron JR, Chan AC. 30 Years of Biotherapeutics Development-What Have We Learned? Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 38:249-287. [PMID: 32340579 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101619-031510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the birth of biotechnology, hundreds of biotherapeutics have been developed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use. These novel medicines not only bring significant benefit to patients but also represent precision tools to interrogate human disease biology. Accordingly, much has been learned from the successes and failures of hundreds of high-quality clinical trials. In this review, we discuss general and broadly applicable themes that have emerged from this collective experience. We base our discussion on insights gained from exploring some of the most important target classes, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-12/23, IL-17, IL-4/13, IL-5, immunoglobulin E (IgE), integrins and B cells. We also describe current challenges and speculate about how emerging technological capabilities may enable the discovery and development of the next generation of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Rajita Pappu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Andrew C Chan
- Research-Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA;
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129
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Hegewisch-Solloa E, Seo S, Mundy-Bosse BL, Mishra A, Waldman EH, Maurrasse S, Grunstein E, Connors TJ, Freud AG, Mace EM. Differential Integrin Adhesome Expression Defines Human NK Cell Residency and Developmental Stage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:950-965. [PMID: 34282002 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells that reside within tissue and circulate in peripheral blood. They interact with a variety of microenvironments, yet how NK cells engage with these varied microenvironments is not well documented. The adhesome represents a molecular network of defined and predicted integrin-mediated signaling interactions. In this study, we define the integrin adhesome expression profile of NK cells from human tonsil, peripheral blood, and those derived from human hematopoietic precursors through stromal cell coculture systems. We report that the site of cell isolation and NK cell developmental stage dictate differences in expression of adhesome associated genes and proteins. Furthermore, we define differences in cortical actin content associated with differential expression of actin regulating proteins, suggesting that differences in adhesome expression are associated with differences in cortical actin homeostasis. These data provide understanding of the diversity of human NK cell populations and how they engage with their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Seungmae Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Erik H Waldman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Maurrasse
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eli Grunstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY;
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130
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Yan Z, Qu J, Li Z, Yi J, Su Y, Lin Q, Yu G, Lin Z, Yin W, Lu F, Liu J. NEK7 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression And Its Expression Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705797. [PMID: 34295827 PMCID: PMC8290842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is still dismal. Elucidation of associated genomic alteration may provide effective therapeutic strategies for PDAC treatment. NIMA-related protein kinase 7 is widely expressed in various tumors, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer and lung cancer, and promotes the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the protein expression level of NEK7 in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry of 90 patients with PADC. Meanwhile, the RNA expression level of NEK7 was examined using database-based bioinformatic analysis. Correlation and significance of NEK7 expression with patient clinicopathological features and prognosis were examined. Cell proliferation, cell adhesion, migration and invasion capabilities were measured following downregulation of NEK7 expression. 3D tumor organoids of pancreatic cancer were established and splenic xenografted into nude mice, then liver metastatic ability of NEK7 was evaluated in following 4 weeks. We observed NEK7 expression was upregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues at both RNA and protein levels using bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemistry analysis in PDAC. NEK7 expression was undetectable in normal pancreatic ducts; NEK7 was overexpressed in primary tumor of PDAC; NEK7 expression was highly correlated with advanced T stage, poorly differentiated histological grade invasive ductal carcinoma, and lymphatic invasion. Meanwhile, patients with higher NEK7 expression accompanied by worse survival outcome. Moreover, NEK7 promoted migration, invasion, adhesion, proliferation and liver metastatic ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Taken together, our data indicate that NEK7 promotes pancreatic cancer progression and it may be a potential marker for PDAC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangfu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanze Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qirui Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zewei Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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131
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Chen K, Guo L, Wu C. How signaling pathways link extracellular mechano-environment to proline biosynthesis: A hypothesis: PINCH-1 and kindlin-2 sense mechanical signals from extracellular matrix and link them to proline biosynthesis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100116. [PMID: 34218442 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose a signaling pathway in which cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion components PINCH-1 and kindlin-2 sense mechanical signals from ECM and link them to proline biosynthesis, a vital metabolic pathway for macromolecule synthesis, redox balance, and ECM remodeling. ECM stiffening promotes PINCH-1 expression via integrin signaling, which suppresses dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression and mitochondrial fission, resulting in increased kindlin-2 translocation into mitochondria and interaction with Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase 1 (PYCR1). Kindlin-2 interaction with PYCR1 protects the latter from proteolytic degradation, leading to elevated PYCR1 level. Additionally, PINCH-1 promotes P5C synthase (P5CS) expression and P5C synthesis, which, together with increased PYCR1 level, support augmented proline biosynthesis. This signaling pathway is frequently activated in fibrosis and cancer, resulting in increased proline biosynthesis and excessive collagen matrix production, which in turn further promotes ECM stiffening. Targeting this signaling pathway, therefore, may provide an effective strategy for alleviating fibrosis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chen
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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132
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Gough RE, Jones MC, Zacharchenko T, Le S, Yu M, Jacquemet G, Muench SP, Yan J, Humphries JD, Jørgensen C, Humphries MJ, Goult BT. Talin mechanosensitivity is modulated by a direct interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100837. [PMID: 34118235 PMCID: PMC8260872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (TLN1) is a mechanosensitive component of adhesion complexes that directly couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. In response to force, talin undergoes switch-like behavior of its multiple rod domains that modulate interactions with its binding partners. Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) is a key regulator of the cell cycle, exerting its effects through synchronized phosphorylation of a large number of protein targets. CDK1 activity maintains adhesion during interphase, and its inhibition is a prerequisite for the tightly choreographed changes in cell shape and adhesion that are required for successful mitosis. Using a combination of biochemical, structural, and cell biological approaches, we demonstrate a direct interaction between talin and CDK1 that occurs at sites of integrin-mediated adhesion. Mutagenesis demonstrated that CDK1 contains a functional talin-binding LD motif, and the binding site within talin was pinpointed to helical bundle R8. Talin also contains a consensus CDK1 phosphorylation motif centered on S1589, a site shown to be phosphorylated by CDK1 in vitro. A phosphomimetic mutant of this site within talin lowered the binding affinity of the cytoskeletal adaptor KANK and weakened the response of this region to force as measured by single molecule stretching, potentially altering downstream mechanotransduction pathways. The direct binding of the master cell cycle regulator CDK1 to the primary integrin effector talin represents a coupling of cell proliferation and cell adhesion machineries and thereby indicates a mechanism by which the microenvironment can control cell division in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shimin Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology Department, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ste P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claus Jørgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
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133
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Speer J, Barcellona M, Jing L, Liu B, Lu M, Kelly M, Buchowski J, Zebala L, Luhmann S, Gupta M, Setton L. Integrin-mediated interactions with a laminin-presenting substrate modulate biosynthesis and phenotypic expression for cells of the human nucleus pulposus. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 41:793-810. [PMID: 34160056 PMCID: PMC8378851 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v041a50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging and pathology, cells of the nucleus pulposus (NP) de-differentiate towards a fibroblast-like phenotype, a change that contributes to degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Laminin isoforms are a component of the NP extracellular matrix during development but largely disappear in the adult NP tissue. Exposing human adult NP cells to hydrogels made from PEGylated-laminin-111 (PEGLM) has been shown to regulate NP cell behaviors and promote cells to assume a biosynthetically active state with gene/protein expression and morphology consistent with those observed in juvenile NP cells. However, the mechanism regulating this effect has remained unknown. In the present study, the integrin subunits that promote adult degenerative NP cell interactions with laminin-111 are identified by performing integrin blocking studies along with assays of intracellular signaling and cell phenotype. The findings indicate that integrin α3 is a primary regulator of cell attachment to laminin and is associated with phosphorylation of signaling molecules downstream of integrin engagement (ERK 1/2 and GSK3β). Sustained effects of blocking integrin α3 were also demonstrated including decreased expression of phenotypic markers, reduced biosynthesis, and altered cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, blocking both integrin α3 and additional integrin subunits elicited changes in cell clustering, but did not alter the phenotype of single cells. These findings reveal that integrin- mediated interactions through integrin α3 are critical in the process by which NP cells sense and alter phenotype in response to culture upon laminin and further suggest that targeting integrin α3 has potential for reversing or slowing degenerative changes to the NP cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Speer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Barcellona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L. Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - B. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Kelly
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J. Buchowski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L. Zebala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S. Luhmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L. Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Lori A. Setton, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Telephone number: +1 3149356164,
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134
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Sawant M, Hinz B, Schönborn K, Zeinert I, Eckes B, Krieg T, Schuster R. A story of fibers and stress: Matrix-embedded signals for fibroblast activation in the skin. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:515-530. [PMID: 34081361 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our skin is continuously exposed to mechanical challenge, including shear, stretch, and compression. The extracellular matrix of the dermis is perfectly suited to resist these challenges and maintain integrity of normal skin even upon large strains. Fibroblasts are the key cells that interpret mechanical and chemical cues in their environment to turnover matrix and maintain homeostasis in the skin of healthy adults. Upon tissue injury, fibroblasts and an exclusive selection of other cells become activated into myofibroblasts with the task to restore skin integrity by forming structurally imperfect but mechanically stable scar tissue. Failure of myofibroblasts to terminate their actions after successful repair or upon chronic inflammation results in dysregulated myofibroblast activities which can lead to hypertrophic scarring and/or skin fibrosis. After providing an overview on the major fibrillar matrix components in normal skin, we will interrogate the various origins of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the skin. We then examine the role of the matrix as signaling hub and how fibroblasts respond to mechanical matrix cues to restore order in the confusing environment of a healing wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sawant
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katrin Schönborn
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabel Zeinert
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ronen Schuster
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,PhenomicAI, MaRS Centre, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada
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135
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Niklaus NJ, Tokarchuk I, Zbinden M, Schläfli AM, Maycotte P, Tschan MP. The Multifaceted Functions of Autophagy in Breast Cancer Development and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061447. [PMID: 34207792 PMCID: PMC8229352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a complex catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During this process, autophagosomes engulf and deliver their intracellular content to lysosomes, where they are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes. Thereby, autophagy provides energy and building blocks to maintain cellular homeostasis and represents a dynamic recycling mechanism. Importantly, the clearance of damaged organelles and aggregated molecules by autophagy in normal cells contributes to cancer prevention. Therefore, the dysfunction of autophagy has a major impact on the cell fate and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and has the highest mortality rate among all cancers in women worldwide. Breast cancer patients often have a good short-term prognosis, but long-term survivors often experience aggressive recurrence. This phenomenon might be explained by the high heterogeneity of breast cancer tumors rendering mammary tumors difficult to target. This review focuses on the mechanisms of autophagy during breast carcinogenesis and sheds light on the role of autophagy in the traits of aggressive breast cancer cells such as migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. Niklaus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor Tokarchuk
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mara Zbinden
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Anna M. Schläfli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla 74360, Mexico;
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-87-80
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136
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Raj V, Jagadish C, Gautam V. Understanding, engineering, and modulating the growth of neural networks: An interdisciplinary approach. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:021303. [PMID: 38505122 PMCID: PMC10903502 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the brain and its function remains one of the most significant scientific challenges. It not only is required to find cures for a plethora of brain-related diseases and injuries but also opens up possibilities for achieving technological wonders, such as brain-machine interface and highly energy-efficient computing devices. Central to the brain's function is its basic functioning unit (i.e., the neuron). There has been a tremendous effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of neuronal growth on both biochemical and biophysical levels. In the past decade, this increased understanding has led to the possibility of controlling and modulating neuronal growth in vitro through external chemical and physical methods. We provide a detailed overview of the most fundamental aspects of neuronal growth and discuss how researchers are using interdisciplinary ideas to engineer neuronal networks in vitro. We first discuss the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of neuronal growth as we stress the fact that the biochemical or biophysical processes during neuronal growth are not independent of each other but, rather, are complementary. Next, we discuss how utilizing these fundamental mechanisms can enable control over neuronal growth for advanced neuroengineering and biomedical applications. At the end of this review, we discuss some of the open questions and our perspectives on the challenges and possibilities related to controlling and engineering the growth of neuronal networks, specifically in relation to the materials, substrates, model systems, modulation techniques, data science, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidur Raj
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Vini Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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137
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Manco R, Averbukh I, Porat Z, Bahar Halpern K, Amit I, Itzkovitz S. Clump sequencing exposes the spatial expression programs of intestinal secretory cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3074. [PMID: 34031373 PMCID: PMC8144370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with spatial information on landmark genes enables reconstruction of spatially-resolved tissue cell atlases. However, such approaches are challenging for rare cell types, since their mRNA contents are diluted in the spatial transcriptomics bulk measurements used for landmark gene detection. In the small intestine, enterocytes, the most common cell type, exhibit zonated expression programs along the crypt-villus axis, but zonation patterns of rare cell types such as goblet and tuft cells remain uncharacterized. Here, we present ClumpSeq, an approach for sequencing small clumps of attached cells. By inferring the crypt-villus location of each clump from enterocyte landmark genes, we establish spatial atlases for all epithelial cell types in the small intestine. We identify elevated expression of immune-modulatory genes in villus tip goblet and tuft cells and heterogeneous migration patterns of enteroendocrine cells. ClumpSeq can be applied for reconstructing spatial atlases of rare cell types in other tissues and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Manco
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inna Averbukh
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563The Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Faculty, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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138
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Wu Y, Huang Y, Zhang W, Gunst SJ. The proprotein convertase furin inhibits IL-13-induced inflammation in airway smooth muscle by regulating integrin-associated signaling complexes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L102-L115. [PMID: 34009050 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00618.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Furin is a proprotein convertase that regulates the activation and the inactivation of multiple proteins including matrix metalloproteinases, integrins, and cytokines. It is a serine endoprotease that localizes to the plasma membrane and can be secreted into the extracellular space. The role of furin in regulating inflammation in isolated canine airway smooth muscle tissues was investigated. The treatment of airway tissues with recombinant furin (rFurin) inhibited the activation of Akt and eotaxin secretion induced by IL-13, and it prevented the IL-13-induced suppression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression. rFurin promoted a differentiated phenotype by activating β1-integrin proteins and stimulating the activation of the adhesome proteins vinculin and paxillin by talin. Activated paxillin induced the binding of Akt to β-parvin IPP [integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH, parvin] complexes, which inhibits Akt activation. Treatment of tissues with a furin inhibitor or the depletion of endogenous furin using shRNA resulted in Akt activation and inflammatory responses similar to those induced by IL-13. Furin inactivation or IL-13 caused talin cleavage and integrin inactivation, resulting in the inactivation of vinculin and paxillin. Paxillin inactivation resulted in the coupling of Akt to α-parvin IPP complexes, which catalyze Akt activation and an inflammatory response. The results demonstrate that furin inhibits inflammation in airway smooth muscle induced by IL-13 and that the anti-inflammatory effects of furin are mediated by activating integrin proteins and integrin-associated signaling complexes that regulate Akt-mediated pathways to the nucleus. Furin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the lungs and airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Youliang Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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139
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Schumacher S, Vazquez Nunez R, Biertümpfel C, Mizuno N. Bottom-up reconstitution of focal adhesion complexes. FEBS J 2021; 289:3360-3373. [PMID: 33999507 PMCID: PMC9290908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are large macromolecular assemblies relevant for various cellular and pathological events such as migration, polarization, and metastatic cancer formation. At FA sites at the migrating periphery of a cell, hundreds of players gather and form a network to respond to extra cellular stimuli transmitted by the integrin receptor, the most upstream component within a cell, initiating the FA signaling pathway. Numerous cellular experiments have been performed to understand the FA architecture and functions; however, their intricate network formation hampers unraveling the precise molecular actions of individual players. Here, in vitro bottom‐up reconstitution presents an advantageous approach for elucidating the FA machinery and the hierarchical crosstalk of involved cellular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schumacher
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roberto Vazquez Nunez
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Biertümpfel
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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140
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Mishra YG, Manavathi B. Focal adhesion dynamics in cellular function and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110046. [PMID: 34004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acting as a bridge between the cytoskeleton of the cell and the extra cellular matrix (ECM), the cell-ECM adhesions with integrins at their core, play a major role in cell signalling to direct mechanotransduction, cell migration, cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, growth and repair. Biochemically, these adhesions are composed of diverse, yet an organised group of structural proteins, receptors, adaptors, various enzymes including protein kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, proteases, etc. as well as scaffolding molecules. The major integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) characterised are focal adhesions (FAs), invadosomes (podosomes and invadopodia), hemidesmosomes (HDs) and reticular adhesions (RAs). The varied composition and regulation of the IACs and their signalling, apart from being an integral part of normal cell survival, has been shown to be of paramount importance in various developmental and pathological processes. This review per-illustrates the recent advancements in the research of IACs, their crucial roles in normal as well as diseased states. We have also touched on few of the various methods that have been developed over the years to visualise IACs, measure the forces they exert and study their signalling and molecular composition. Having such pertinent roles in the context of various pathologies, these IACs need to be understood and studied to develop therapeutical targets. We have given an update to the studies done in recent years and described various techniques which have been applied to study these structures, thereby, providing context in furthering research with respect to IAC targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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141
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Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Byron A, Wirth A, Madsen R, Sedlackova L, Hewitt G, Nelson G, Stingele J, Wills JC, Zhang T, Zeug A, Fässler R, Vanhaesebroeck B, Maddocks OD, Ponimaskin E, Carroll B, Korolchuk VI. mTORC1 activity is supported by spatial association with focal adhesions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202004010. [PMID: 33635313 PMCID: PMC7923692 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates mitogenic and stress signals to control growth and metabolism. Activation of mTORC1 by amino acids and growth factors involves recruitment of the complex to the lysosomal membrane and is further supported by lysosome distribution to the cell periphery. Here, we show that translocation of lysosomes toward the cell periphery brings mTORC1 into proximity with focal adhesions (FAs). We demonstrate that FAs constitute discrete plasma membrane hubs mediating growth factor signaling and amino acid input into the cell. FAs, as well as the translocation of lysosome-bound mTORC1 to their vicinity, contribute to both peripheral and intracellular mTORC1 activity. Conversely, lysosomal distribution to the cell periphery is dispensable for the activation of mTORC1 constitutively targeted to FAs. This study advances our understanding of spatial mTORC1 regulation by demonstrating that the localization of mTORC1 to FAs is both necessary and sufficient for its activation by growth-promoting stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander Wirth
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralitsa Madsen
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Sedlackova
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graeme Hewitt
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julian Stingele
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jimi C. Wills
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tong Zhang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - André Zeug
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Oliver D.K. Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Viktor I. Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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142
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Schumacher S, Dedden D, Nunez RV, Matoba K, Takagi J, Biertümpfel C, Mizuno N. Structural insights into integrin α 5β 1 opening by fibronectin ligand. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/19/eabe9716. [PMID: 33962943 PMCID: PMC8104898 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin α5β1 is a major fibronectin receptor critical for cell migration. Upon complex formation, fibronectin and α5β1 undergo conformational changes. While this is key for cell-tissue connections, its mechanism is unknown. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of native human α5β1 with fibronectin to 3.1-angstrom resolution, and in its resting state to 4.6-angstrom resolution. The α5β1-fibronectin complex revealed simultaneous interactions at the arginine-glycine-aspartate loop, the synergy site, and a newly identified binding site proximal to adjacent to metal ion-dependent adhesion site, inducing the translocation of helix α1 to secure integrin opening. Resting α5β1 adopts an incompletely bent conformation, challenging the model of integrin sharp bending inhibiting ligand binding. Our biochemical and structural analyses showed that affinity of α5β1 for fibronectin is increased with manganese ions (Mn2+) while adopting the half-bent conformation, indicating that ligand-binding affinity does not depend on conformation, and α5β1 opening is induced by ligand-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schumacher
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Dedden
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roberto Vazquez Nunez
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyoko Matoba
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Christian Biertümpfel
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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143
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Ostrowska-Podhorodecka Z, McCulloch CA. Vimentin regulates the assembly and function of matrix adhesions. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:602-612. [PMID: 33887795 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein vimentin is a widely used phenotypic marker for identifying cells of the mesenchymal linkage such as fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, but the full repertoire of vimentin's functional attributes has not been fully explored. Here we consider how vimentin, in addition to its contributions to mechanical stabilization of cell structure, also helps to control the assembly of cell adhesions and migration through collagen matrices. While the assembly and function of matrix adhesions are critical for the differentiation of myofibroblasts and many other types of adherent cells, a potential mechanism that explains how vimentin affects the recruitment and abundance of centrally important proteins in cell adhesions has been elusive. Here we review recent data indicating that vimentin plays a central regulatory role in the assembly of focal adhesions which form in response to the attachment to collagen. We show that in particular, vimentin is a key organizer of the β1 integrin adhesive machinery, which affects cell migration through collagen. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the surprisingly broad array of processes and molecules with which vimentin interacts to affect cell function in the context of fibroblast and myofibroblast adhesion and migration on collagen.
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144
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Yang W, Shao S, Xu X, Sun Y, Li P, Liang L, Wu C. LIMD1 phase separation contributes to cellular mechanics and durotaxis by regulating focal adhesion dynamics in response to force. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1313-1325.e7. [PMID: 33891898 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to extracellular mechanical cues through cell-matrix adhesions. Interestingly, the maturation of focal adhesions (FAs) is reciprocally force dependent. How biomechanical cues dictate the status of cell motility and how FAs spatial temporally coordinate force sensing and self-organization remain enigmatic. Here, we identify that LIMD1, a member of the LIM domain scaffolding proteins, undergoes force-sensitive condensation at the FAs. We also unveil that the multivalent interactions of LIMD1 intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and the LIM domains concertedly drive this phase transition under the regulation of phosphorylation. Intriguingly, formation of condensed LIMD1 protein compartments is sufficient to specifically enrich and localize late FA proteins. We further discover that LIMD1 regulates cell spreading, maintains FA dynamics and cellular contractility, and is critical for durotaxis-the ability of cells to crawl along gradients of substrate stiffness. Our results suggest a model that recruitment of LIMD1 to the FAs, via mechanical force triggered inter-molecular interaction, serves as a phase separation hub to assemble and organize matured FAs, thus allowing for efficient mechano-transduction and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - ShiPeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinmin Xu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pilong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China.
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145
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Milighetti M, Krasny L, Lee ATJ, Morani G, Szecsei C, Chen Y, Guljar N, McCarthy F, Wilding CP, Arthur A, Fisher C, Judson I, Thway K, Cheang MCU, Jones RL, Huang PH. Proteomic profiling of soft tissue sarcomas with SWATH mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104236. [PMID: 33895336 PMCID: PMC8135130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a group of rare and heterogeneous cancers. While large-scale genomic and epigenomic profiling of STS have been undertaken, proteomic analysis has thus far been limited. Here we utilise sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) for proteomic profiling of formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens from a cohort of STS patients (n = 36) across four histological subtypes (leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma). We quantified 2951 proteins across all cases and show that there is a significant enrichment of gene sets associated with smooth muscle contraction in leiomyosarcoma, RNA splicing regulation in synovial sarcoma and leukocyte activation in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. We further identified a subgroup of STS cases that have a distinct expression profile in a panel of proteins, with worse survival outcomes when compared to the rest of the cohort. Our study highlights the value of comprehensive proteomic characterisation as a means to identify histotype-specific STS profiles that describe key biological pathways of clinical and therapeutic relevance; as well as for discovering new prognostic biomarkers in this group of rare and difficult-to-treat diseases. Proteomic analysis of FFPE specimens from four soft tissue sarcoma histological subtypes was performed by SWATH MS. Subtype-specific biological pathways and protein-protein interaction networks were identified. A panel of proteins associated with sarcoma patient survival outcome was defined. A subset of proteins identified by SWATH MS was validated by orthogonal immunohistochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Milighetti
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Alex T J Lee
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK; Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK; Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Morani
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK; Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK
| | - Cornelia Szecsei
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Yingtong Chen
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK; Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK
| | - Nafia Guljar
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Frank McCarthy
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Christopher P Wilding
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Amani Arthur
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Ian Judson
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Khin Thway
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK; Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK
| | - Maggie C U Cheang
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK; Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, SW3 6JJ London, UK; Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG Sutton, London, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, SW3 6JB London, UK.
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146
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Fukuda K, Lu F, Qin J. Molecular basis for Ras suppressor-1 binding to PINCH-1 in focal adhesion assembly. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100685. [PMID: 33891945 PMCID: PMC8141872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras suppressor-1 (Rsu-1) is a leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein that is crucial for regulating cell adhesion and is involved in such physiological and pathological processes as focal adhesion assembly and tumor metastasis. Rsu-1 interacts with zinc-finger type multi-LIM domain-containing adaptor protein PINCH-1, known to be involved in the integrin-mediated consensus adhesome, but not with its highly homologous family member PINCH-2. However, the structural basis for and regulatory mechanisms of this specific interaction remain unclear. Here, we determined the crystal structures of Rsu-1 and its complex with the PINCH-1 LIM4-5 domains. Rsu-1 displays an arc-shaped solenoid architecture, with eight LRRs shielded by N- and C-terminal capping modules. We showed that the conserved concave surface of the Rsu-1 LRR domain binds and stabilizes the PINCH-1 LIM5 domain via salt bridge and hydrophobic interactions, while the C-terminal non-LIM region of PINCH-2 sterically disfavors Rsu-1 binding. We also showed that Rsu-1 can be assembled, via PINCH-1-binding, into a heteropentamer complex comprising Rsu-1, PINCH-1, ILK, Parvin, and Kindlin-2, which constitute a major consensus integrin adhesome crucial for focal adhesion assembly. Our mutagenesis and cell biological data emphasize the significance of the Rsu-1/PINCH-1 interaction in focal adhesion assembly and cell spreading, providing crucial molecular insights into Rsu-1-mediated cell adhesion with implications for disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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147
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Ostrowska-Podhorodecka Z, Ding I, Lee W, Tanic J, Abbasi S, Arora PD, Liu RS, Patteson AE, Janmey PA, McCulloch CA. Vimentin tunes cell migration on collagen by controlling β1 integrin activation and clustering. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.254359. [PMID: 33558312 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a structural protein that is required for mesenchymal cell migration and directly interacts with actin, β1 integrin and paxillin. We examined how these interactions enable vimentin to regulate cell migration on collagen. In fibroblasts, depletion of vimentin increased talin-dependent activation of β1 integrin by more than 2-fold. Loss of vimentin was associated with reduction of β1 integrin clustering by 50% and inhibition of paxillin recruitment to focal adhesions by more than 60%, which was restored by vimentin expression. This reduction of paxillin was associated with 65% lower Cdc42 activation, a 60% reduction of cell extension formation and a greater than 35% decrease in cell migration on collagen. The activation of PAK1, a downstream effector of Cdc42, was required for vimentin phosphorylation and filament maturation. We propose that vimentin tunes cell migration through collagen by acting as an adaptor protein for focal adhesion proteins, thereby regulating β1 integrin activation, resulting in well-organized, mature integrin clusters.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Ding
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Wilson Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Jelena Tanic
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Sevil Abbasi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Pamma D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Richard S Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6393, USA.,Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6393, USA
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148
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Exosomal integrins and their influence on pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:124-134. [PMID: 33741423 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most lethal and untreatable types of cancer so far, pancreatic cancer is not benefitting from advancements in research. Despite all the efforts, this malignancy is still very difficult to diagnose in time, resistant to treatments, and prone to relapses. The appearance of metastasis-notoriously difficult to fight and a signal of unfortunate prognosis-is the event most dreaded by every cancer patient, especially by those with pancreatic cancer. Strategies for early detection and treatment of metastases are limited, and new action plans are desperately awaited. Recently, the importance of cell-secreted vesicles, or exosomes, in cell-cell communication and, particularly, their key role in promoting pathological conditions, such as infectious diseases and cancer, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. The discovery of some exosome membrane components, such as adhesion receptors and integrins, and their ability to influence cancer cell functions and metastasis progression, has added some important understanding of the metastatic process and will hopefully open the door to the development of new tools for identifying and targeting metastases. The aim of this review is to discuss the role played by integrins in exosomal-mediated pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis.
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149
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EPB41L5 controls podocyte extracellular matrix assembly by adhesome-dependent force transmission. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108883. [PMID: 33761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the kidney filtration barrier essentially relies on the balanced interplay of podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Here, we show by analysis of in vitro and in vivo models that a loss of the podocyte-specific FERM-domain protein EPB41L5 results in impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. By using quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretome and matrisome, we demonstrate a shift in ECM composition characterized by diminished deposition of core GBM components, such as LAMA5. Integrin adhesome proteomics reveals that EPB41L5 recruits PDLIM5 and ACTN4 to integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). Consecutively, EPB41L5 knockout podocytes show insufficient maturation of integrin adhesion sites, which translates into impaired force transmission and ECM assembly. These observations build the framework for a model in which EPB41L5 functions as a cell-type-specific regulator of the podocyte adhesome and controls a localized adaptive module in order to prevent podocyte detachment and thereby ensures GBM integrity.
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150
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Goult BT. The Mechanical Basis of Memory - the MeshCODE Theory. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:592951. [PMID: 33716664 PMCID: PMC7947202 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.592951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major unsolved mysteries of biological science concerns the question of where and in what form information is stored in the brain. I propose that memory is stored in the brain in a mechanically encoded binary format written into the conformations of proteins found in the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions that organise each and every synapse. The MeshCODE framework outlined here represents a unifying theory of data storage in animals, providing read-write storage of both dynamic and persistent information in a binary format. Mechanosensitive proteins that contain force-dependent switches can store information persistently, which can be written or updated using small changes in mechanical force. These mechanosensitive proteins, such as talin, scaffold each synapse, creating a meshwork of switches that together form a code, the so-called MeshCODE. Large signalling complexes assemble on these scaffolds as a function of the switch patterns and these complexes would both stabilise the patterns and coordinate synaptic regulators to dynamically tune synaptic activity. Synaptic transmission and action potential spike trains would operate the cytoskeletal machinery to write and update the synaptic MeshCODEs, thereby propagating this coding throughout the organism. Based on established biophysical principles, such a mechanical basis for memory would provide a physical location for data storage in the brain, with the binary patterns, encoded in the information-storing mechanosensitive molecules in the synaptic scaffolds, and the complexes that form on them, representing the physical location of engrams. Furthermore, the conversion and storage of sensory and temporal inputs into a binary format would constitute an addressable read-write memory system, supporting the view of the mind as an organic supercomputer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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