101
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Kim H. An integrative model of network activity during episodic memory retrieval and a meta-analysis of fMRI studies on source memory retrieval. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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102
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Cinalli DA, Cohen SJ, Guthrie K, Stackman RW. Object Recognition Memory: Distinct Yet Complementary Roles of the Mouse CA1 and Perirhinal Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:527543. [PMID: 33192287 PMCID: PMC7642692 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.527543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the essential contribution of the hippocampus to spatial memory is well established, object recognition memory has been traditionally attributed to the perirhinal cortex (PRh). However, the results of several studies indicate that under specific procedural conditions, temporary or permanent lesions of the hippocampus affect object memory processes as measured in the Spontaneous Object Recognition (SOR) task. The PRh and hippocampus are considered to contribute distinctly to object recognition memory based on memory strength. Allowing mice more, or less, exploration of novel objects during the encoding phase of the task (i.e., sample session), yields stronger, or weaker, object memory, respectively. The current studies employed temporary local inactivation and immunohistochemistry to determine the differential contributions of neuronal activity in PRh and the CA1 region of the hippocampus to strong and weak object memory. Temporary inactivation of the CA1 immediately after the SOR sample session impaired strong object memory but spared weak object memory; while temporary inactivation of PRh post-sample impaired weak object memory but spared strong object memory. Furthermore, mRNA transcription and de novo protein synthesis are required for the consolidation of episodic memory, and activation patterns of immediate early genes (IEGs), such as c-Fos and Arc, are linked to behaviorally triggered neuronal activation and synaptic plasticity. Analyses of c-Fos and Arc protein expression in PRh and CA1 neurons by immunohistochemistry, and of Arc mRNA by qPCR after distinct stages of SOR, provide additional support that strong object memory is dependent on CA1 neuronal activity, while weak object memory is dependent on PRh neuronal activity. Taken together, the results support the view that both PRh and CA1 are required for object memory under distinct conditions. Specifically, our results are consistent with a model that as the mouse begins to explore a novel object, information about it accumulates within PRh, and a weak memory of the object is encoded. If object exploration continues beyond some threshold, strong memory for the event of object exploration is encoded; the consolidation of which is CA1-dependent. These data serve to reconcile the dissension in the literature by demonstrating functional and complementary roles for CA1 and PRh neurons in rodent object memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cinalli
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Sarah J Cohen
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Kathleen Guthrie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,FAU Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,FAU Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
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103
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Ahmed T, Van der Jeugd A, Caillierez R, Buée L, Blum D, D'Hooge R, Balschun D. Chronic Sodium Selenate Treatment Restores Deficits in Cognition and Synaptic Plasticity in a Murine Model of Tauopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570223. [PMID: 33132838 PMCID: PMC7578417 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal in diseases is identifying a potential therapeutic agent that is cost-effective and can remedy some, if not all, disease symptoms. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein is one of the neuropathological hallmarks, and Tau pathology correlates better with cognitive impairments in AD patients than amyloid-β load, supporting a key role of tau-related mechanisms. Selenium is a non-metallic trace element that is incorporated in the brain into selenoproteins. Chronic treatment with sodium selenate, a non-toxic selenium compound, was recently reported to rescue behavioral phenotypes in tau mouse models. Here, we focused on the effects of chronic selenate application on synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in THY-Tau22 mice, a transgenic animal model of tauopathies. Three months with a supplement of sodium selenate in the drinking water (12 μg/ml) restored not only impaired neurocognitive functions but also rescued long-term depression (LTD), a major form of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, selenate reduced the inactive demethylated catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in THY-Tau22 without affecting total PP2A.Our study provides evidence that chronic dietary selenate rescues functional synaptic deficits of tauopathy and identifies activation of PP2A as the putative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmed
- Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van der Jeugd
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raphaëlle Caillierez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Detlef Balschun
- Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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104
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Botta P, Fushiki A, Vicente AM, Hammond LA, Mosberger AC, Gerfen CR, Peterka D, Costa RM. An Amygdala Circuit Mediates Experience-Dependent Momentary Arrests during Exploration. Cell 2020; 183:605-619.e22. [PMID: 33031743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of novel environments ensures survival and evolutionary fitness. It is expressed through exploratory bouts and arrests that change dynamically based on experience. Neural circuits mediating exploratory behavior should therefore integrate experience and use it to select the proper behavioral output. Using a spatial exploration assay, we uncovered an experience-dependent increase in momentary arrests in locations where animals arrested previously. Calcium imaging in freely exploring mice revealed a genetically and projection-defined neuronal ensemble in the basolateral amygdala that is active during self-paced behavioral arrests. This ensemble was recruited in an experience-dependent manner, and closed-loop optogenetic manipulation of these neurons revealed that they are sufficient and necessary to drive experience-dependent arrests during exploration. Projection-specific imaging and optogenetic experiments revealed that these arrests are effected by basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the central amygdala, uncovering an amygdala circuit that mediates momentary arrests in familiar places but not avoidance or anxiety/fear-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Botta
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Akira Fushiki
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ana Mafalda Vicente
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Luke A Hammond
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alice C Mosberger
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Darcy Peterka
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rui M Costa
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Champalimaud Neuroscience Program, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal.
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105
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Legrand N, Etard O, Vandevelde A, Pierre M, Viader F, Clochon P, Doidy F, Peschanski D, Eustache F, Gagnepain P. Long-term modulation of cardiac activity induced by inhibitory control over emotional memories. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15008. [PMID: 32929105 PMCID: PMC7490349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to exclude past experiences from conscious awareness can lead to forgetting. Memory suppression is central to affective disorders, but we still do not really know whether emotions, including their physiological causes, are also impacted by this process in normal functioning individuals. In two studies, we measured the after-effects of suppressing negative memories on cardiac response in healthy participants. Results of Study 1 revealed that efficient control of memories was associated with long-term inhibition of the cardiac deceleration that is normally induced by disgusting stimuli. Attempts to suppress sad memories, by contrast, aggravated the cardiac response, an effect that was closely related to the inability to forget this specific material. In Study 2, electroencephalography revealed a reduction in power in the theta (3-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz) and low-beta (13-20 Hz) bands during the suppression of unwanted memories, compared with their voluntary recall. Interestingly, however, the reduction of power in the theta frequency band during memory control was related to a subsequent inhibition of the cardiac response. These results provide a neurophysiological basis for the influence of memory control mechanisms on the cardiac system, opening up new avenues and questions for treating intrusive memories using motivated forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Legrand
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Etard
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
- Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ISTS EA 7466, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Anaïs Vandevelde
- Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ISTS EA 7466, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Melissa Pierre
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Patrice Clochon
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Franck Doidy
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Denis Peschanski
- European Center for Sociology and Political Science (CESSP), Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, HESAM Université, EHESS, CNRS, UMR8209, Paris, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Gagnepain
- Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
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106
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Gauthier B, Bréchet L, Lance F, Mange R, Herbelin B, Faivre N, Bolton TAW, Ville DVD, Blanke O. First-person body view modulates the neural substrates of episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: A functional connectivity study. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117370. [PMID: 32931940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) is classically conceived as a memory for events, localized in space and time, and characterized by autonoetic consciousness (ANC) allowing to mentally travel back in time and subjectively relive an event. Building on recent evidence that the first-person visual co-perception of one's own body during encoding impacts EM, we used a scene recognition task in immersive virtual reality (VR) and measured how first-person body view would modulate peri-encoding resting-state fMRI, EM performance, and ANC. Specifically, we investigated the impact of body view on post-encoding functional connectivity in an a priori network of regions related either to EM or multisensory bodily processing and used these regions in a seed-to-whole brain analysis. Post-encoding connectivity between right hippocampus (rHC) and right parahippocampus (rPHC) was enhanced when participants encoded scenes while seeing their body. Moreover, the strength of connectivity between the rHC, rPHC and the neocortex displayed two main patterns with respect to body view. The connectivity with a sensorimotor fronto-parietal network, comprising primary somatosensory and primary motor cortices, correlated with ANC after - but not before - encoding, depending on body view. The opposite change of connectivity was found between rHC, rPHC and the medial parietal cortex (from being correlated with ANC before encoding to an absence of correlation after encoding), but irrespective of body view. Linking immersive VR and fMRI for the study of EM and ANC, these findings suggest that seeing one's own body during encoding impacts the brain activity related to EM formation by modulating the connectivity between the right hippocampal formation and the neocortical regions involved in the processing of multisensory bodily signals and self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Lucie Bréchet
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 02215 Boston, MA, USA; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, 02131 Boston, MA, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Geneva, 24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Lance
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robin Mange
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Imverse SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 3, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Faivre
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition CNRS UMR 5105 UGA BSHM, France
| | - Thomas A W Bolton
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Chemin des Mines 10, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Chemin des Mines 10, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Geneva, 24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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107
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Rivas-Fernández MÁ, Galdo-Álvarez S, Zurrón M, Díaz F, Lindín M. Spatiotemporal pattern of brain electrical activity related to immediate and delayed episodic memory retrieval. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 175:107309. [PMID: 32890759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we used the event-related brain potentials (ERP) technique and eLORETA (exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography) method in order to characterize and compare the performance and the spatiotemporal pattern of the brain electrical activity related to the immediate episodic retrieval of information (words) that is being learned relative to delayed episodic retrieval twenty-minutes later. For this purpose, 16 young participants carried out an old/new word recognition task with source memory (word colour). The task included an immediate memory phase (with three study-test blocks) followed (20 min later) by a delayed memory phase with one test block. The behavioural data showed progressive learning and consolidation of the information (old words) during the immediate memory phase. The ERP data to correctly identified old words for which the colour was subsequently recollected (H/H) compared to the correctly rejected new words (CR) showed: (1) a significant more positive-going potential in the 500-675 ms post-stimulus interval (parietal old/new effect, related to recollection), and (2) a more negative-going potential in the 950-1850 ms interval (LPN effect, related to retrieval and post-retrieval processes). The eLORETA data also revealed that the successful recognition of old words (and probably retrieval of their colour) was accompanied by activation of (1) left medial temporal (parahippocampal gyrus) and parietal regions involved in the recollection in both memory phases, and (2) prefrontal regions and the superior temporal gyrus (in the immediate and delayed memory phases respectively) involved in monitoring, evaluating and maintaining the retrieval products. These findings indicate that episodic memory retrieval depends on a network involving medial temporal lobe and frontal, parietal and temporal neocortical structures. That network was involved in immediate and delayed memory retrieval and during the course of memory consolidation, with greater activation of some nodes (mobilization of more processing resources) for the delayed respect to the immediate retrieval condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Rivas-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Santiago Galdo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Zurrón
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Mónica Lindín
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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108
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Gamoran A, Greenwald-Levin M, Siton S, Halunga D, Sadeh T. It's about time: Delay-dependent forgetting of item- and contextual-information. Cognition 2020; 205:104437. [PMID: 32861981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Once fiercely rejected, the notion of delay-dependent forgetting from long-term memory has recently resurfaced. By this notion, the duration of the study-test delay predicts the magnitude of memory degradation. Our Representation Theory of Forgetting adopts the notion of delay-dependent forgetting, alongside interference due to similarity of representations as an additional cause of forgetting-rather than its sole cause, as has been largely argued in the past. This theory maintains that the causes of forgetting depend on the underlying memory representations. Because hippocampus-based memory representations are relatively distinct from one another, by the virtue of being associated with distinct contexts, they are not as likely as non-hippocampus representations to be forgotten due to interference from similar memories. Instead, as neurobiological evidence suggests, these representations may be forgotten over the passage of time. Thus, contextual-information should be particularly sensitive to delay-dependent forgetting in comparison to item-information. In the current study we tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of short study-test delay (~2 min) to long delay (~15 min) on forgetting. In three experiments using three different memory paradigms, we obtained various measures of item- and contextual-information. Results converged to support our predictions: whereas most measures of contextual-information showed forgetting over time, item-information was less affected by delay and, at times, was not affected at all. Finally, different patterns of time-dependent forgetting of contextual-information were observed in recall and recognition, in line with the different roles of context in these tests. Our results provide novel evidence for the specific effects of delay on hippocampus-based, contextual memory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Gamoran
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Stav Siton
- The Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Halunga
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Talya Sadeh
- The Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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109
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Muller A, Sirianni LA, Addante RJ. Neural correlates of the Dunning-Kruger effect. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:460-484. [PMID: 32761954 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Dunning-Kruger effect (DKE) is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individuals who perform poorly on a task believe they performed better than others, yet individuals who performed very well believe they under-performed compared to others. This phenomenon has yet to be directly explored in episodic memory, nor explored for physiological correlates or reaction times. We designed a novel method to elicit the DKE via a test of item recognition while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Throughout the task, participants were asked to estimate the percentile in which they performed compared to others. Results revealed participants in the bottom 25th percentile over-estimated their percentile, while participants in the top 75th percentile under-estimated their percentile, exhibiting the classic DKE. Reaction time measures revealed a condition-by-group interaction whereby over-estimators responded faster than under-estimators when estimating being in the top percentile and responded slower when estimating being in the bottom percentile. Between-group EEG differences were evident between over-estimators and under-estimators during Dunning-Kruger responses, which revealed FN400-like effects of familiarity supporting differences for over-estimators, whereas "old-new" memory event-related potential effects revealed a late parietal component associated with recollection-based processing for under-estimators that was not evident for over-estimators. Findings suggest over- and under-estimators use differing cognitive processes when assessing their performance, such that under-estimators may rely on recollection during memory while over-estimators may draw upon excess familiarity when over-estimating their performance. Episodic memory thus appears to play a contributory role in metacognitive judgements of illusory superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Muller
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,California State University - San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey A Sirianni
- California State University - San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA.,Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Addante
- California State University - San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA.,Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
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110
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Morrone CD, Bazzigaluppi P, Beckett TL, Hill ME, Koletar MM, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J. Regional differences in Alzheimer's disease pathology confound behavioural rescue after amyloid-β attenuation. Brain 2020; 143:359-373. [PMID: 31782760 PMCID: PMC6935751 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials to improve or stabilize cognition has led to the need for a better understanding of the driving forces behind cognitive decline in the presence of active disease processes. To dissect contributions of individual pathologies to cognitive function, we used the TgF344-AD rat model, which recapitulates the salient hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology observed in patient populations (amyloid, tau inclusions, frank neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits). scyllo-Inositol treatment attenuated amyloid-β peptide in disease-bearing TgF344-AD rats, which rescued pattern separation in the novel object recognition task and executive function in the reversal learning phase of the Barnes maze. Interestingly, neither activities of daily living in the burrowing task nor spatial memory in the Barnes maze were rescued by attenuating amyloid-β peptide. To understand the pathological correlates leading to behavioural rescue, we examined the neuropathology and in vivo electrophysiological signature of the hippocampus. Amyloid-β peptide attenuation reduced hippocampal tau pathology and rescued adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal function, via improvements in cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma bands. To investigate mechanisms underlying the persistence of spatial memory deficits, we next examined neuropathology in the entorhinal cortex, a region whose input to the hippocampus is required for spatial memory. Reduction of amyloid-β peptide in the entorhinal cortex had no effect on entorhinal tau pathology or entorhinal-hippocampal neuronal network dysfunction, as measured by an impairment in hippocampal response to entorhinal stimulation. Thus, rescue or not of cognitive function is dependent on regional differences of amyloid-β, tau and neuronal network dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of staging disease in patients prior to enrolment in clinical trials. These results further emphasize the need for combination therapeutic approaches across disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Morrone
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paolo Bazzigaluppi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina L Beckett
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary E Hill
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret M Koletar
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College St Suite 15-701, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, Canada
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111
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El-Kott AF, Abd-Lateif AEKM, Khalifa HS, Morsy K, Ibrahim EH, Bin-Jumah M, Abdel-Daim MM, Aleya L. Kaempferol protects against cadmium chloride-induced hippocampal damage and memory deficits by activation of silent information regulator 1 and inhibition of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138832. [PMID: 32353801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of Kaempferol against cadmium chloride (CdCl2) -induced neurotoxicity is well reported. The silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) are two related cellular molecules that can negatively affect the activity of each other to promote or inhibit cell survival, respectively. It is still largely unknown if the neurotoxicity of CdCl2 or the neuroprotection of Kaempferol are mediated by modulating SIRT1 and/or PAPR1 activities. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CdCl2-induced memory deficit and hippocampal damage are associated with downregulation/inhibition of SIRT1 and activation of PAPR1, an effect that can be reversed by co-treatment with Kaempferol. Rats (n = 12/group) were divided into 4 groups as control, control + Kaempferol (50 mg//kg), CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg), and CdCl2 + Kaempferol. All treatments were administered orally for 30 days daily. As compared to control rats, CdCl2 reduced rat's final body weights (21.8%) and their food intake (30%), induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in their hippocampi, and impaired their short and long-term recognition memory functions. Besides, the hippocampi of CdCl2-treated rats had higher levels of TNF-α (197%), and IL-6 (190%) with a concomitant increase in nuclear activity and levels of NF-κB p65 (721% & 554%). Besides, they showed reduced nuclear activity (53%) and levels (74%) of SIRT1, higher nuclear activity and levels of PARP1 (292% & 138%), increased nuclear levels of p53 (870%), and higher acetylated levels of NF-κB p65 (513%), p53 (644%), PARP1 (696%), and FOXO-2 (149%). All these events were significantly reversed in the CdCl2 + Kaempferol-treated rats. Of note, Kaempferol also increased levels of MnSOD (73.5%), and GSH (40%), protein levels of Bcl-2 (350%), and nuclear activity (67%) and levels (46%) of SIRT1 in the hippocampi of the control rats. In conclusion, Kaempferol ameliorates CdCl2-induced memory deficits and hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by increasing SIRT1 activity and inhibiting PARP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Heba S Khalifa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam H Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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112
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Neural substrates of long-term item and source memory for emotional associates: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2020; 147:107561. [PMID: 32712148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since Tulving's influential work on the distinction between familiarity and recollection-based retrieval, numerous studies have found evidence for differential contribution of these retrieval mechanisms on emotional episodic memory. Particularly, retrieval advantage for emotional, compared to neutral, information has been related to recollection-, but not familiarity-mediated processes. Neuroimaging studies suggest that this recollection-based retrieval for emotional information is related to stronger engagement of regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we investigated neural correlates related to long-term memory of neutral information that has been associated with emotional and neutral contexts, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During encoding, different neutral objects integrated with emotional or neutral scenes were presented. One week later, the encoded objects were intermixed with new ones and participants had to indicate whether the objects were previously seen or not, using the Remember/Know procedure (item memory). Furthermore, memory for the correct scene background category was also tested (contextual source memory). First, replicating previous findings, we observed a preference for recollection-dependent memory retrieval versus familiarity-dependent memory retrieval for those neutral objects encoded in emotional compared to neutral contexts. Second, consistent with these behavioral effects, objects encoded with emotional, compared to neutral, scenes produced larger memory-related activity in recollection-sensitive brain regions, including PPC and PFC regions. Third, correctly retrieved emotional compared to neutral contextual information was associated with increased activity in these brain areas. Together, these results suggest that memory for information encoded in emotional contexts is remarkably robust over time and mediated by recollection-based processes.
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113
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Dahlgren K, Ferris C, Hamann S. Neural correlates of successful emotional episodic encoding and retrieval: An SDM meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia 2020; 143:107495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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114
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Prefrontal-hippocampal functional connectivity encodes recognition memory and is impaired in intellectual disability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11788-11798. [PMID: 32393630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921314117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of intellectual disability. The cognitive alterations in DS are thought to depend on brain regions critical for learning and memory such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC). Neuroimaging studies suggest that increased brain connectivity correlates with lower intelligence quotients (IQ) in individuals with DS; however, its contribution to cognitive impairment is unresolved. We recorded neural activity in the PFC and HPC of the trisomic Ts65Dn mouse model of DS during quiet wakefulness, natural sleep, and the performance of a memory test. During rest, trisomic mice showed increased theta oscillations and cross-frequency coupling in the PFC and HPC while prefrontal-hippocampal synchronization was strengthened, suggesting hypersynchronous local and cross-regional processing. During sleep, slow waves were reduced, and gamma oscillations amplified in Ts65Dn mice, likely reflecting prolonged light sleep. Moreover, hippocampal sharp-wave ripples were disrupted, which may have further contributed to deficient memory consolidation. Memory performance in euploid mice correlated strongly with functional connectivity measures that indicated a hippocampal control over memory acquisition and retrieval at theta and gamma frequencies, respectively. By contrast, trisomic mice exhibited poor memory abilities and disordered prefrontal-hippocampal functional connectivity. Memory performance and key neurophysiological alterations were rescued after 1 month of chronic administration of a green tea extract containing epigallocatequin-3-gallate (EGCG), which improves executive function in young adults with DS and Ts65Dn mice. Our findings suggest that abnormal prefrontal-hippocampal circuit dynamics are candidate neural mechanisms for memory impairment in DS.
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115
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Familiarity Detection and Memory Consolidation in Cortical Assemblies. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0006-19.2020. [PMID: 32122957 PMCID: PMC7215585 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0006-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have a large capacity of recognition memory (Dudai, 1997), a fundamental property of higher-order brain functions such as abstraction and generalization (Vogt and Magnussen, 2007). Familiarity is the first step towards recognition memory. We have previously demonstrated using unsupervised neural network simulations that familiarity detection of complex patterns emerges in generic cortical microcircuits with bidirectional synaptic plasticity. It is therefore meaningful to conduct similar experiments on biological neuronal networks to validate these results. Studies of learning and memory in dissociated rodent neuronal cultures remain inconclusive to date. Synchronized network bursts (SNBs) that occur spontaneously and periodically have been speculated to be an intervening factor. By optogenetically stimulating cultured cortical networks with random dot movies (RDMs), we were able to reduce the occurrence of SNBs, after which an ability for familiarity detection emerged: previously seen patterns elicited higher firing rates than novel ones. Differences in firing rate were distributed over the entire network, suggesting that familiarity detection is a system level property. We also studied the change in SNB patterns following familiarity encoding. Support vector machine (SVM) classification results indicate that SNBs may be facilitating memory consolidation of the learned pattern. In addition, using a novel network connectivity probing method, we were able to trace the change in synaptic efficacy induced by familiarity encoding, providing insights on the long-term impact of having SNBs in the cultures.
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116
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Hammers DB, Kucera A, Spencer RJ, Abildskov TJ, Archibald ZG, Hoffman JM, Wilde EA. Examining the Relationship between a Verbal Incidental Learning Measure from the WAIS-IV and Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Pathology. Dev Neuropsychol 2020; 45:95-109. [PMID: 32374196 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2020.1762602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Convergent validation of a verbal incidental learning (IL) task from the WAIS-IV using neuroimaging biomarkers is warranted to understand its sensitivity to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Fifty-five memory clinic patients aged 59 to 87 years received neuropsychological assessment, and measures of IL and quantitative brain imaging. Worse IL-Total Score and IL-Similarities performances were significantly associated with smaller hemispheric hippocampal volumes. IL measures were not significantly correlated with cerebral β-amyloid burden, though a trend was present and effect sizes were mild. These hippocampal volume results suggest that this IL task may be sensitive to AD pathology along the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin B Hammers
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging, and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda Kucera
- University of Utah Health Care , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert J Spencer
- Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracy J Abildskov
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zane G Archibald
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John M Hoffman
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wilde
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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117
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Lambert I, Tramoni-Negre E, Lagarde S, Roehri N, Giusiano B, Trebuchon-Da Fonseca A, Carron R, Benar CG, Felician O, Bartolomei F. Hippocampal Interictal Spikes during Sleep Impact Long-Term Memory Consolidation. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:976-987. [PMID: 32279329 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is supposed to play a key role in long-term memory consolidation transferring information from hippocampus to neocortex. However, sleep also activates epileptic activities in medial temporal regions. This study investigated whether interictal hippocampal spikes during sleep would impair long-term memory consolidation. METHOD We prospectively measured visual and verbal memory performance in 20 patients with epilepsy investigated with stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) at immediate, 30-minute, and 1-week delays, and studied the correlations between interictal hippocampal spike frequency during waking and the first cycle of NREM sleep and memory performance, taking into account the number of seizures occurring during the consolidation period and other possible confounding factors, such as age and epilepsy duration. RESULTS Retention of verbal memory over 1 week was negatively correlated with hippocampal spike frequency during sleep, whereas no significant correlation was found with hippocampal interictal spikes during waking. No significant result was found for visual memory. Regression tree analysis showed that the number of seizures was the first factor that impaired the verbal memory retention between 30 minutes and 1 week. When the number of seizures was below 5, spike frequency during sleep higher than 13 minutes was associated with impaired memory retention over 1 week. INTERPRETATION Our results show that activation of interictal spikes in the hippocampus during sleep and seizures specifically impair long-term memory consolidation. We hypothesize that hippocampal interictal spikes during sleep interrupt hippocampal-neocortical transfer of information. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:976-987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lambert
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
| | - Eve Tramoni-Negre
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Neurology Neuropsychology, Marseille, France
| | - Stanislas Lagarde
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Roehri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Giusiano
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Public Health Department, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Trebuchon-Da Fonseca
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Marseille, France
| | | | - Olivier Felician
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Neurology Neuropsychology, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
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118
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Molecular Mechanisms in Hippocampus Involved on Object Recognition Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation. Neuroscience 2020; 435:112-123. [PMID: 32272151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acquired information is stabilized into long-term memory through a process known as consolidation. Though, after consolidation, when stored information is retrieved they can be again susceptible, allowing modification, updating and strengthening and to be re-stabilized they need a new process referred to as memory reconsolidation. However, the molecular mechanisms of recognition memory consolidation and reconsolidation are not fully understood. Also, considering that the study of the link between synaptic proteins is key to understanding of memory processes, we investigated, in male Wistar rats, molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus involved on object recognition memory (ORM) consolidation and reconsolidation. We verified that the blockade of AMPA receptors (AMPAr) and L-VDCCs calcium channels impaired ORM consolidation and reconsolidation when administered into CA1 immediately after sample phase or reactivation phase and that these impairments were blocked by the administration of AMPAr agonist and of neurotrophin BDNF. Also, the blockade of CaMKII impaired ORM consolidation when administered 3 h after sample phase but had no effect on ORM reconsolidation and its effect was blocked by the administration of BDNF, but not of AMPAr agonist. So, this study provides new evidence of the molecular mechanisms involved on the consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM, demonstrating that AMPAr and L-VDCCs are necessary for the consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM while CaMKII is necessary only for the consolidation and also that there is a link between BDNF and AMPAr, L-VDCCs and CaMKII as well as a link between AMPAr and L-VDCCs on ORM consolidation and reconsolidation.
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119
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Fritch HA, MacEvoy SP, Thakral PP, Jeye BM, Ross RS, Slotnick SD. The anterior hippocampus is associated with spatial memory encoding. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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120
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Rey HG, Gori B, Chaure FJ, Collavini S, Blenkmann AO, Seoane P, Seoane E, Kochen S, Quian Quiroga R. Single Neuron Coding of Identity in the Human Hippocampal Formation. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1152-1159.e3. [PMID: 32142694 PMCID: PMC7103760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Experimental findings show the ubiquitous presence of graded responses and tuning curves in the neocortex, particularly in visual areas [1-15]. Among these, inferotemporal-cortex (IT) neurons respond to complex visual stimuli, but differences in the neurons' responses can be used to distinguish the stimuli eliciting the responses [8, 9, 16-18]. The IT projects directly to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) [19], where neurons respond selectively to different pictures of specific persons and even to their written and spoken names [20-22]. However, it is not clear whether this is done through a graded coding, as in the neocortex, or a truly invariant code, in which the response-eliciting stimuli cannot be distinguished from each other. To address this issue, we recorded single neurons during the repeated presentation of different stimuli (pictures and written and spoken names) corresponding to the same persons. Using statistical tests and a decoding approach, we found that only in a minority of cases can the different pictures of a given person be distinguished from the neurons' responses and that in a larger proportion of cases, the responses to the pictures were different to the ones to the written and spoken names. We argue that MTL neurons tend to lack a representation of sensory features (particularly within a sensory modality), which can be advantageous for the memory function attributed to this area [23-25], and that a full representation of memories is given by a combination of mostly invariant coding in the MTL with a representation of sensory features in the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan G Rey
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester, 15 Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HA, UK
| | - Belen Gori
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner", Universidad National Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Av. Calchaquí 5401, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina
| | - Fernando J Chaure
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester, 15 Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HA, UK; Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner", Universidad National Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Av. Calchaquí 5401, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Buenos Aires, Paseo Colon 850, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina
| | - Santiago Collavini
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner", Universidad National Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Av. Calchaquí 5401, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina; Institute of Electronics, Control and Signal Processing (LEICI), University of La Plata, Calle 116 s/n, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Alejandro O Blenkmann
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner", Universidad National Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Av. Calchaquí 5401, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina
| | - Pablo Seoane
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner", Universidad National Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Av. Calchaquí 5401, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Seoane
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner", Universidad National Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Av. Calchaquí 5401, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina
| | - Silvia Kochen
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner", Universidad National Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Av. Calchaquí 5401, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Quian Quiroga
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester, 15 Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HA, UK.
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121
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Watson LS, Stone TD, Williams D, Williams AS, Sims-Robinson C. High-Fat Diet Impairs Tactile Discrimination Memory in the Mouse. Behav Brain Res 2020; 382:112454. [PMID: 31926214 PMCID: PMC7129774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research on the impact of diet and memory has garnered considerable attention while exploring the link between obesity and cognitive impairment. High-fat diet (HFD) rodent models recapitulate the obesity phenotype and subsequent cognitive impairments. While it is known that HFD is associated with sensory impairment, little attention has been given to the potential role these sensory deficits may play in recognition memory testing, one of the most commonly used cognitive tests. Because mice utilize their facial whiskers as their primary sensory apparatus, we modified a common recognition test, the novel object recognition task, by replacing objects with sandpaper grits at ground level, herein referred to as the novel tactile recognition task (NTR). First, we tested whisker-manipulated mice in this task to determine its reliance on intact whiskers. Then, we tested the HFD mouse in the NTR. Finally, to ensure that deficits in the NTR are due to cognitive impairment and not HFD-induced sensory deficiencies, we tested the whisker sensitivity of HFD mice via the corner test. Our results indicate that the NTR is a whisker dependent task, and that HFD mice exhibit tactile recognition memory impairment, not accompanied by whisker sensory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425 USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425 USA
| | - Tyler D Stone
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425 USA; Honors College, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, 29424 USA
| | - Dominique Williams
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425 USA
| | - Alexus S Williams
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425 USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425 USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425 USA.
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122
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Li C, Yang J. Role of the hippocampus in the spacing effect during memory retrieval. Hippocampus 2020; 30:703-714. [PMID: 32022387 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that distributed learning (DL) leads to improved memory performance compared with massed learning (ML) (i.e., spacing effect). However, the extent to which the hippocampus is involved in the spacing effect at shorter and longer retention intervals remains unclear. To address this issue, two groups of participants were asked to encode face-scene pairs at 20-min, 1-day, and 1-month intervals before they were scanned using fMRI during an associative recognition task. The pairs were repeated six times in either a massed (i.e., six times in 1 day) or a distributed (i.e., six times over 3 days, twice per day) manner. The results showed that compared with that in the ML group, the activation of the left hippocampus was stronger in the DL group when the participants retrieved old pairs correctly and rejected new pairs correctly at different retention intervals. In addition, the posterior hippocampus was more strongly activated when the new associations were rejected correctly after DL than ML, especially at the 1-month interval. Hence, our results provide evidence that the hippocampus is involved in better memory performance after DL compared to ML at both shorter and longer retention intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongjiong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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123
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Möhrle D, Fernández M, Peñagarikano O, Frick A, Allman B, Schmid S. What we can learn from a genetic rodent model about autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 109:29-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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124
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Szőllősi Á, Bencze D, Racsmány M. Behavioural pattern separation is strongly associated with familiarity-based decisions. Memory 2020; 28:337-347. [PMID: 31955670 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1714055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pattern separation is the process that minimises interference between memory representations with similar features and is suggested to be associated with hippocampus-related recollection. We tested this hypothesis using the incidental Mnemonic Similarity Task with old (target), similar (lure), and new (foil) items presented on a recognition test, which is widely used for detecting individual differences in behavioural pattern separation performance. In Experiment 1, participants made old/similar/new decisions and rated decision confidence on a scale ranging from "not at all sure" to "very sure". In Experiment 2, participants made recognition confidence judgments on a scale ranging between "sure it was new" and "sure it was old". In Experiment 3, subjects gave old/similar/new decisions and made a secondary Remember/Know/Guess judgment. In Experiment 1, confidence ratings were higher for targets compared to lures when we analysed correct responses (old for targets and similar for lures). Additionally, we found a symmetrical ROC curve and a linear zROC curve for target-lure discrimination in Experiment 2. Finally, we found a bias toward Know responses when we analysed behavioural pattern separation performance (i.e., the rate of similar responses given to the lures). These findings suggest that familiarity, rather than recollection, contributes to behavioural pattern separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szőllősi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Bencze
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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125
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Giridharan VV, Collodel A, Generoso JS, Scaini G, Wassather R, Selvaraj S, Hasbun R, Dal-Pizzol F, Petronilho F, Barichello T. Neuroinflammation trajectories precede cognitive impairment after experimental meningitis-evidence from an in vivo PET study. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:5. [PMID: 31901235 PMCID: PMC6942362 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is a devastating central nervous system (CNS) infection with acute and long-term neurological consequences, including cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to understand the association between activated microglia-induced neuroinflammation and post-meningitis cognitive impairment. Method Meningitis was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting Streptococcus pneumoniae into the brain through the cisterna magna, and rats were then treated with ceftriaxone. Twenty-four hours and 10 days after meningitis induction, rats were imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]PBR28, a specific translocator protein (TSPO) radiotracer, to determine in vivo microglial activation. Following imaging, the expression of TSPO, cardiolipin, and cytochrome c, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, and glial activation markers were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Ten days after meningitis induction, animals were subjected to behavioral tests, such as the open-field, step-down inhibitory avoidance, and novel object recognition tests. Results Both 24-h (acute) and 10-day (long-term) groups of rats demonstrated increased [11C]PBR28 uptake and microglial activation in the whole brain compared to levels in the control group. Although free from infection, 10-day group rats exhibited increased expression levels of cytokines and markers of oxidative stress, microglial activation (IBA-1), and astrocyte activation (GFAP) similar to those seen in the 24-h group. Acute meningitis induction also elevated TSPO, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 levels with no change in caspase-9 levels. Furthermore, upregulated levels of TSPO, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 were observed in the rat hippocampus 10 days after meningitis induction with a simultaneous reduction in cardiolipin levels. Animals showed a cognitive decline in all tasks compared with the control group, and this impairment may be at least partially mediated by activating a glia-mediated immune response and upregulating TSPO. Conclusions TSPO-PET could potentially be used as an imaging biomarker for microglial activation and long-term cognitive impairment post-meningitis. Additionally, this study opens a new avenue for the potential use of TSPO ligands after infection-induced neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Allan Collodel
- Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rico Wassather
- Micro Analysis Group, Keyence Corporation of America, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sudhakar Selvaraj
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA. .,Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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126
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Modulation of the MAPKs pathways affects Aβ-induced cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease via activation of α7nAChR. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 168:107154. [PMID: 31904546 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by being deficient at learning and memory. Aβ1-42 oligomers have been shown to impair rodent cognitive function. We previously demonstrated that activation of α7nAChR, inhibition of p38 or JNK could alleviate Aβ-induced memory deficits in Y maze test. In this study, we investigated whether the effects of α7nAChR and MAPKs on Y maze test is reproducible with a hippocampus-dependent spatial memory test such as Morris water maze. We also assessed the possible co-existence of hippocampus-independent recognition memory dysfunction using a novel object recognition test and an alternative and stress free hippocampus-dependent recognition memory test such as the novel place recognition. Besides, previous research from our lab has shown that MAPKs pathways regulate Aβ internalization through mediating α7nAChR. In our study, whether MAPKs pathways exert their functions in cognition by modulating α7nAChR through regulating glutamate receptors and synaptic protein, remain little known. Our results showed that activation of α7nAChR restored spatial memory, novel place recognition memory, and short-term and long-term memory in novel object recognition. Inhibition of p38 restored spatial memory and short-term and long-term memory in novel object recognition. Inhibition of ERK restored short-term memory in novel object recognition and novel place recognition memory. Inhibition of JNK restored spatial memory, short-term memory in novel object recognition and novel place recognition memory. Beside this, the activation of α7nAChR, inhibition of p38 or JNK restored Aβ-induced levels of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, GluR1, GluR2 and PSD95 in Aβ-injected mice without influencing synapsin 1. In addition, these treatments also recovered the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Finally, we found that the inhibition of p38 or JNK resulted in the upregulation of α7nAChR mRNA levels in the hippocampus. Our results indicated that inhibition of p38 or JNK MAPKs could alleviate Aβ-induced spatial memory deficits through regulating activation of α7nAChR via recovering memory-related proteins. Moreover, p38, ERK and JNK MAPKs exert different functions in spatial and recognition memory.
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Palmer JD, Trifiletti DM, Gondi V, Chan M, Minniti G, Rusthoven CG, Schild SE, Mishra MV, Bovi J, Williams N, Lustberg M, Brown PD, Rao G, Roberge D. Multidisciplinary patient-centered management of brain metastases and future directions. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa034. [PMID: 32793882 PMCID: PMC7415255 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastasis is increasing as improvements in systemic therapy lead to increased survival. This provides new and challenging clinical decisions for patients who are trying to balance the risk of recurrence or progression with treatment-related side effects, and it requires appropriate management strategies from multidisciplinary teams. Improvements in prognostic assessment and systemic therapy with increasing activity in the brain allow for individualized care to better guide the use of local therapies and/or systemic therapy. Here, we review the current landscape of brain-directed therapy for the treatment of brain metastasis in the context of recent improved systemic treatment options. We also discuss emerging treatment strategies including targeted therapies for patients with actionable mutations, immunotherapy, modern whole-brain radiation therapy, radiosurgery, surgery, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Vinai Gondi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Radiation Oncology Consultants LLC, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Chicago Proton Center Warrenville, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giuseppe Minniti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, San Pietro Hospital FBF, Rome, Italy
| | - Chad G Rusthoven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven E Schild
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark V Mishra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Bovi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- Department of Medical Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Roberge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l’ Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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128
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Zhu J, Zhang Z, Jia J, Wang L, Yang Q, Wang Y, Chen C. Sevoflurane Induces Learning and Memory Impairment in Young Mice Through a Reduction in Neuronal Glucose Transporter 3. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:879-895. [PMID: 31884568 PMCID: PMC7295720 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane, which is widely used in paediatric anaesthesia, induces neural apoptosis in the developing brain and cognitive impairment in young mammals. Glucose hypometabolism is the key pathophysiological modulator of cognitive dysfunction. However, the effects and mechanism of sevoflurane on cerebral glucose metabolism after its use as an anaesthetic and its complete elimination are still unknown. We therefore investigated the influence of sevoflurane on neuronal glucose transporter isoform 3 (GLUT3) expression, glucose metabolism and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro and on neurocognitive function in young mice 24 h after the third exposure to sevoflurane. Postnatal day 14 (P14) mice and neural cells were exposed to 3% sevoflurane 2 h daily for three days. We found that sevoflurane anaesthesia decreased GLUT3 gene and protein expression in the hippocampus and temporal lobe, consistent with a decrease in glucose metabolism in the hippocampus and temporal lobe observed by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET). Moreover, sevoflurane anaesthesia increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP and reduced Bcl-2 levels in the hippocampus and temporal lobe. Young mice exposed to sevoflurane multiple times also showed learning and memory impairment. In addition, sevoflurane inhibited GLUT3 expression in primary hippocampal neurons and PC12 cells. GLUT3 overexpression in cultured neurons ameliorated the sevoflurane-induced decrease in glucose utilization and increase in the apoptosis rate. These data indicate that GLUT3 deficiency may contribute to sevoflurane-induced learning and memory deficits in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Junke Jia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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129
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Abstract
Monkeys are a premier model organism for neuroscience research. Activity in the central nervous systems of monkeys can be recorded and manipulated while they perform complex perceptual, motor, or cognitive tasks. Conventional techniques for manipulating neural activity in monkeys are too coarse to address many of the outstanding questions in primate neuroscience, but optogenetics holds the promise to overcome this hurdle. In this article, we review the progress that has been made in primate optogenetics over the past 5 years. We emphasize the use of gene regulatory sequences in viral vectors to target specific neuronal types, and we present data on vectors that we engineered to target parvalbumin-expressing neurons. We conclude with a discussion of the utility of optogenetics for treating sensorimotor hearing loss and Parkinson's disease, areas of translational neuroscience in which monkeys provide unique leverage for basic science and medicine.
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130
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Hill PF, King DR, Lega BC, Rugg MD. Comparison of fMRI correlates of successful episodic memory encoding in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and healthy controls. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116397. [PMID: 31770638 PMCID: PMC7238288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-cranial electroencephalographic brain recordings (iEEG) provide a powerful tool for investigating the neural processes supporting episodic memory encoding and form the basis of experimental therapies aimed at improving memory dysfunction. However, given the invasiveness of iEEG, investigations are constrained to patients with drug-resistant epilepsy for whom such recordings are clinically indicated. Particularly in the case of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), neuropathology and the possibility of functional reorganization are potential constraints on the generalizability of intra-cerebral findings and pose challenges to the development of therapies for memory disorders stemming from other etiologies. Here, samples of TLE (N = 16; all of whom had undergone iEEG) and age-matched healthy control (N = 19) participants underwent fMRI as they studied lists of concrete nouns. fMRI BOLDresponses elicited by the study words were segregated according to subsequent performance on tests of delayed free recall and recognition memory. Subsequent memory effects predictive of both successful recall and recognition memory were evident in several neural regions, most prominently in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and did not demonstrate any group differences. Behaviorally, the groups did not differ in overall recall performance or in the strength of temporal contiguity effects. However, group differences in serial position effects and false alarm rates were evident during the free recall and recognition memory tasks, respectively. Despite these behavioral differences, neuropathology associated with temporal lobe epilepsy was apparently insufficient to give rise to detectable differences in the functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory encoding relative to neurologically healthy controls. The findings provide reassurance that iEEG findings derived from experimental paradigms similar to those employed here generalize to the neurotypical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Hill
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Danielle R King
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5303 Harry Hines Blvd 6th Floor Suite 108, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6363 Forest Park Rd 7th Floor Suite 749, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
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131
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Extent of Single-Neuron Activity Modulation by Hippocampal Interictal Discharges Predicts Declarative Memory Disruption in Humans. J Neurosci 2019; 40:682-693. [PMID: 31754015 PMCID: PMC6961998 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1380-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory deficits are common in epilepsy patients. In these patients, the interictal EEG commonly shows interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). While IEDs are associated with transient cognitive impairments, it remains poorly understood why this is. We investigated the effects of human (male and female) hippocampal IEDs on single-neuron activity during a memory task in patients with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing depth electrode monitoring. We quantified the effects of hippocampal IEDs on single-neuron activity and the impact of this modulation on subjectively declared memory strength. Across all recorded neurons, the activity of 50 of 728 neurons were significantly modulated by IEDs, with the strongest modulation in the medial temporal lobe (33 of 416) and in particular the right hippocampus (12 of 58). Putative inhibitory neurons, as identified by their extracellular signature, were more likely to be modulated by IEDs than putative excitatory neurons (19 of 157 vs 31 of 571). Behaviorally, the occurrence of hippocampal IEDs was accompanied by a disruption of recognition of familiar images only if they occurred up to 2 s before stimulus onset. In contrast, IEDs did not impair encoding or recognition of novel images, indicating high temporal and task specificity of the effects of IEDs. The degree of modulation of individual neurons by an IED correlated with the declared confidence of a retrieval trial, with higher firing rates indicative of reduced confidence. Together, these data link the transient modulation of individual neurons by IEDs to specific declarative memory deficits in specific cell types, thereby revealing a mechanism by which IEDs disrupt medial temporal lobe-dependent declarative memory retrieval processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are thought to be a cause of memory deficits in chronic epilepsy patients, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Utilizing single-neuron recordings in epilepsy patients, we found that hippocampal IEDs transiently change firing of hippocampal neurons and disrupted selectively the retrieval, but not encoding, of declarative memories. The extent of the modulation of the individual firing of hippocampal neurons by an IED predicted the extent of reduction of subjective retrieval confidence. Together, these data reveal a specific kind of transient cognitive impairment caused by IEDs and link this impairment to the modulation of the activity of individual neurons. Understanding the mechanisms by which IEDs impact memory is critical for understanding memory impairments in epilepsy patients.
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132
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Sievers C, Bird CM, Renoult L. Predicting memory formation over multiple study episodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:465-472. [PMID: 31732707 PMCID: PMC6859827 DOI: 10.1101/lm.049791.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Repeated study typically improves episodic memory performance. Two different types of explanations of this phenomenon have been put forward: (1) reactivating the same representations strengthens and stabilizes memories, or (2) greater encoding variability benefits memory by promoting richer traces. The present experiment directly compared these predictions in a design with multiple repeated study episodes, allowing to dissociate memory for studied items and their context of study. Participants repeatedly encoded names of famous people four times, either in the same task, or in different tasks. During the test phase, an old/new judgment task was used to assess item memory, followed by a source memory judgment about the encoding task. Consistent with predictions from the encoding variability view, encoding stimulus in different contexts resulted in higher item memory. In contrast, consistent with the reactivation view, source memory performance was higher when participants encoded stimuli in the same task repeatedly. Taken together, our findings indicate that encoding variability benefits episodic memory, by increasing the number of items that are recalled. These benefits are however at the expenses of source recollection and memory for details, which are decreased, likely due to interference and generalization across contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Sievers
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.,School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7T, United Kingdom
| | - Chris M Bird
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7T, United Kingdom
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133
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Lad M, Mullally SL, Houston AL, Kelly T, Griffiths TD. Characterizing memory loss in patients with autoimmune limbic encephalitis hippocampal lesions. Hippocampus 2019; 29:1114-1120. [PMID: 31472008 PMCID: PMC6852518 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the publication of Scoville and Milner's (1957) seminal paper, the precise functional role played by the hippocampus in support of human memory has been fiercely debated. For instance, the single question of whether the hippocampus plays a time-limited or an indelible role in the recollection of personal memories led to a deep and tenacious schism within the field. Similar polarizations arose between those who debated the precise nature of the role played by the hippocampus in support of semantic relative to episodic memories and in recall/recollection relative to familiarity-based recognition. At the epicenter of these divisions lies conflicting neuropsychological findings. These differences likely arise due to the consistent use of heterogeneous patient populations to adjudicate between these positions. Here we utilized traditional neuropsychological measures in a homogenous patient population with a highly discrete hippocampal lesion (i.e., VGKCC-Ab related autoimmune limbic encephalitis patients). We observed consistent impairment of recent episodic memories, a present but less striking impairment of remote episodic memories, preservation of personal semantic memory, and recall but not recognition memory deficits. We conclude that this increasingly well-characterized patient group may represent an important homogeneous population in which the functional role played by the hippocampus may be more precisely delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Lad
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Sinéad L. Mullally
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Tom Kelly
- The Neuropsychology DepartmentRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. Griffiths
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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134
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Sadeh T, Pertzov Y. Scale-invariant Characteristics of Forgetting: Toward a Unifying Account of Hippocampal Forgetting across Short and Long Timescales. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 32:386-402. [PMID: 31659923 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After over 100 years of relative silence in the cognitive literature, recent advances in the study of the neural underpinnings of memory-specifically, the hippocampus-have led to a resurgence of interest in the topic of forgetting. This review draws a theoretically driven picture of the effects of time on forgetting of hippocampus-dependent memories. We review evidence indicating that time-dependent forgetting across short and long timescales is reflected in progressive degradation of hippocampal-dependent relational information. This evidence provides an important extension to a growing body of research accumulated in recent years, showing that-in contrast to the once prevailing view that the hippocampus is exclusively involved in memory and forgetting over long timescales-the role of the hippocampus also extends to memory and forgetting over short timescales. Thus, we maintain that similar rules govern not only remembering but also forgetting of hippocampus-dependent information over short and long timescales.
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135
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Abstract
This article proposes that biologically plausible theories of behavior can be constructed by following a method of "phylogenetic refinement," whereby they are progressively elaborated from simple to complex according to phylogenetic data on the sequence of changes that occurred over the course of evolution. It is argued that sufficient data exist to make this approach possible, and that the result can more effectively delineate the true biological categories of neurophysiological mechanisms than do approaches based on definitions of putative functions inherited from psychological traditions. As an example, the approach is used to sketch a theoretical framework of how basic feedback control of interaction with the world was elaborated during vertebrate evolution, to give rise to the functional architecture of the mammalian brain. The results provide a conceptual taxonomy of mechanisms that naturally map to neurophysiological and neuroanatomical data and that offer a context for defining putative functions that, it is argued, are better grounded in biology than are some of the traditional concepts of cognitive science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cisek
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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136
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Abstract
The perirhinal cortex (PRC) serves as the gateway to the hippocampus for episodic memory formation and plays a part in retrieval through its backward connectivity to various neocortical areas. First, I present the evidence suggesting that PRC neurons encode both experientially acquired object features and their associative relations. Recent studies have revealed circuit mechanisms in the PRC for the retrieval of cue-associated information, and have demonstrated that, in monkeys, PRC neuron-encoded information can be behaviourally read out. These studies, among others, support the theory that the PRC converts visual representations of an object into those of its associated features and initiates backward-propagating, interareal signalling for retrieval of nested associations of object features that, combined, extensionally represent the object meaning. I propose that the PRC works as the ventromedial hub of a 'two-hub model' at an apex of the hierarchy of a distributed memory network and integrates signals encoded in other downstream cortical areas that support diverse aspects of knowledge about an object.
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137
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Bernstein HL, Lu YL, Botterill JJ, Scharfman HE. Novelty and Novel Objects Increase c-Fos Immunoreactivity in Mossy Cells in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:1815371. [PMID: 31534449 PMCID: PMC6732597 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1815371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) and its primary cell type, the granule cell (GC), are thought to be critical to many cognitive functions. A major neuronal subtype of the DG is the hilar mossy cell (MC). MCs have been considered to play an important role in cognition, but in vivo studies to understand the activity of MCs during cognitive tasks are challenging because the experiments usually involve trauma to the overlying hippocampus or DG, which kills hilar neurons. In addition, restraint typically occurs, and MC activity is reduced by brief restraint stress. Social isolation often occurs and is potentially confounding. Therefore, we used c-fos protein expression to understand when MCs are active in vivo in socially housed adult C57BL/6 mice in their home cage. We focused on c-fos protein expression after animals explored novel objects, based on previous work which showed that MCs express c-fos protein readily in response to a novel housing location. Also, MCs are required for the training component of the novel object location task and novelty-encoding during a food-related task. GluR2/3 was used as a marker of MCs. The results showed that MC c-fos protein is greatly increased after exposure to novel objects, especially in ventral DG. We also found that novel objects produced higher c-fos levels than familiar objects. Interestingly, a small subset of neurons that did not express GluR2/3 also increased c-fos protein after novel object exposure. In contrast, GCs appeared relatively insensitive. The results support a growing appreciation of the role of the DG in novelty detection and novel object recognition, where hilar neurons and especially MCs are very sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Bernstein
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, 100 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Lu
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, 100 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Justin J. Botterill
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, 100 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Helen E. Scharfman
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, 100 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
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138
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Dissociation of the Perirhinal Cortex and Hippocampus During Discriminative Learning of Similar Objects. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6190-6201. [PMID: 31167939 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3181-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminative learning is a paradigm that has been used in animal studies, in which memory of a stimulus is enhanced when it is presented with a similar stimulus rather than with a different one. Human studies have shown that through discriminative learning of similar objects, both item memory and contextual memories are enhanced. However, the underlying neural mechanisms for it are unclear. The hippocampus and perirhinal cortex (PRC) are two possible regions involved in discriminating similar stimuli and forming distinctive memory representations. In this study, 28 participants (15 males) were scanned using high-resolution fMRI when a picture (e.g., a dog) was paired with the same picture, with a similar picture of the same concept (e.g., another dog), or with a picture of a different concept (e.g., a cat). Then, after intervals of 20 min and 1 week, the participants were asked to perform an old/new recognition task, followed by a contextual judgment. The results showed that during encoding, there was stronger activation in the PRC for the "similar" than for the "same" and "different" conditions and it predicted subsequent item memory for the "similar" condition. The hippocampal activation decreased for the "same" versus the "different" condition and the DG/CA3 activation predicted subsequent contextual memory for the "similar" condition. These results suggested that the PRC and hippocampus are functionally dissociated in encoding simultaneously presented objects and predicting subsequent item and contextual memories after discriminative learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How the brain separates similar input into nonoverlapping representations and forms distinct memory for them is a fundamental question for the neuroscience of memory. By discriminative learning of similar (vs different) objects, both item and contextual memories are enhanced. This study found functional dissociations between perirhinal cortex (PRC) and hippocampus in discriminating pairs of similar and different objects and in predicting subsequent memory of similar objects in their item and contextual aspects. The results provided clear evidence on the neural mechanisms of discriminative learning and highlighted the importance of the PRC and hippocampus in processing different types of object information when the objects were simultaneously presented.
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139
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Martin CB, Mirsattari SM, Pruessner JC, Burneo JG, Hayman-Abello B, Köhler S. Relationship between déjà vu experiences and recognition-memory impairments in temporal-lobe epilepsy. Memory 2019; 29:884-894. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1643891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris B. Martin
- The Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Seyed M. Mirsattari
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Jorge G. Burneo
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Brent Hayman-Abello
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Stefan Köhler
- The Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada
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140
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Wee CY, Liu C, Lee A, Poh JS, Ji H, Qiu A. Cortical graph neural network for AD and MCI diagnosis and transfer learning across populations. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101929. [PMID: 31491832 PMCID: PMC6627731 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Combining machine learning with neuroimaging data has a great potential for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear how well the classifiers built on one population can predict MCI/AD diagnosis of other populations. This study aimed to employ a spectral graph convolutional neural network (graph-CNN), that incorporated cortical thickness and geometry, to identify MCI and AD based on 3089 T1-weighted MRI data of the ADNI-2 cohort, and to evaluate its feasibility to predict AD in the ADNI-1 cohort (n = 3602) and an Asian cohort (n = 347). For the ADNI-2 cohort, the graph-CNN showed classification accuracy of controls (CN) vs. AD at 85.8% and early MCI (EMCI) vs. AD at 79.2%, followed by CN vs. late MCI (LMCI) (69.3%), LMCI vs. AD (65.2%), EMCI vs. LMCI (60.9%), and CN vs. EMCI (51.8%). We demonstrated the robustness of the graph-CNN among the existing deep learning approaches, such as Euclidean-domain-based multilayer network and 1D CNN on cortical thickness, and 2D and 3D CNNs on T1-weighted MR images of the ADNI-2 cohort. The graph-CNN also achieved the prediction on the conversion of EMCI to AD at 75% and that of LMCI to AD at 92%. The find-tuned graph-CNN further provided a promising CN vs. AD classification accuracy of 89.4% on the ADNI-1 cohort and >90% on the Asian cohort. Our study demonstrated the feasibility to transfer AD/MCI classifiers learned from one population to the other. Notably, incorporating cortical geometry in CNN has the potential to improve classification performance. Graph CNN incorporates cortical thickness and geometry. Graph CNN is more robust than other image-based CNN. Graph CNN well identified MCI and AD based on 3089 ADNI-2 MRI data. Graph CNN built on ADNI-2 was transferable to the ADNI-1 and Asian cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yaw Wee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaoqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annie Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joann S Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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141
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Jang AI, Nassar MR, Dillon DG, Frank MJ. Positive reward prediction errors during decision-making strengthen memory encoding. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:719-732. [PMID: 31061490 PMCID: PMC6625913 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is thought to provide reward prediction error signals to temporal lobe memory systems, but the role of these signals in episodic memory has not been fully characterized. Here we developed an incidental memory paradigm to (i) estimate the influence of reward prediction errors on the formation of episodic memories, (ii) dissociate this influence from surprise and uncertainty, (iii) characterize the role of temporal correspondence between prediction error and memoranda presentation and (iv) determine the extent to which this influence is dependent on memory consolidation. We found that people encoded incidental memoranda more strongly when they gambled for potential rewards. Moreover, the degree to which gambling strengthened encoding scaled with the reward prediction error experienced when memoranda were presented (and not before or after). This encoding enhancement was detectable within minutes and did not differ substantially after 24 h, indicating that it is not dependent on memory consolidation. These results suggest a computationally and temporally specific role for reward prediction error signalling in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Jang
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew R Nassar
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Daniel G Dillon
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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142
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Kosse C, Burdakov D. Natural hypothalamic circuit dynamics underlying object memorization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2505. [PMID: 31175285 PMCID: PMC6555780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain signals that govern memory formation remain incompletely identified. The hypothalamus is implicated in memory disorders, but how its rapidly changing activity shapes memorization is unknown. During encounters with objects, hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons emit brief signals that reflect object novelty. Here we show that targeted optogenetic silencing of these signals, performed selectively during the initial object encounters (i.e. memory acquisition), prevents future recognition of the objects. We identify an upstream inhibitory microcircuit from hypothalamic GAD65 neurons to MCH neurons, which constrains the memory-promoting MCH cell bursts. Finally, we demonstrate that silencing the GAD65 cells during object memory acquisition improves future object recognition through MCH-receptor-dependent pathways. These results provide causal evidence that object-associated signals in genetically distinct but interconnected hypothalamic neurons differentially control whether the brain forms object memories. This gating of memory formation by hypothalamic activity establishes appropriate behavioral responses to novel and familiar objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Kosse
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Denis Burdakov
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Lab, Institute for Neuroscience, D-HEST, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology / ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8603, Switzerland.
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143
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Abstract
Historically, the fields of operant selection and recognition memory have not interacted substantially with one another. However, both deal with how behavioral repertoires change over time as a function of environmental stimulation. In this article, we propose neuro-operant interpretations of behavioral phenomena occurring in recognition memory procedures based on (a) the ability to discriminate changes in the strength of responses caused by environmental stimulation and (b) the occasioning of supplementary responses by current stimulation. A neuro-operant interpretation of mnemonic behavior may further the understanding of the phenomena in place and simplify the current taxonomy of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ortu
- Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Box 310919, Denton, TX 76203 USA
| | - Traci M. Cihon
- Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Box 310919, Denton, TX 76203 USA
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144
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Yousef M, Kavraal Ş, Artış AS, Süer C. Effects of Chronic and Acute Lithium Treatment on the Long-term Potentiation and Spatial Memory in Adult Rats. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:233-243. [PMID: 30905123 PMCID: PMC6478079 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Although, accumulating evidence is delineating a neuroprotective and neurotrophic role for lithium (Li), inconsistent findings have also been reported in human studies especially. Moreover, the effects of Li infusion into the hippocampus are still unknown. The aims of this work were (a) to assess whether basal synaptic activity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus are different in regard to intrahippocampal Li infusion; (b) to assess spatial learning and memory in rats chronically treated with LiCO3 in the Morris water maze. Methods Field potentials were recorded form the dentate gyrus, stimulating perforant pathways, in rats chronically (20 mg/kg for 40 days) or acutely treated with LiCO3 and their corresponding control rats. In addition, performance of rats in a Morris water maze was measured to link behaviour of rats to electrophysiological findings. Results LiCO3 infusion into the hippocampus resulted in enhanced LTP, especially in the late phases, but attenuated LTP was observed in rats chronically treated with Li as compared to controls. Li-treated rats equally performed a spatial learning task, but did spend less time in target quadrant than saline-treated rats in Morris water maze. Conclusion Despite most data suggest that Li always yields neuroprotective effects against neuropathological conditions; we concluded that a 40-day treatment of Li disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying memory processes, and that these effects of prolonged treatment are not associated with its direct chemical effect, but are likely to be associated with the molecular actions of Li at genetic levels, because its short-term effect preserves synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Yousef
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University
| | | | - Ayşe Seda Artış
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University
| | - Cem Süer
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University
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145
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Pacheco Estefan D, Sánchez-Fibla M, Duff A, Principe A, Rocamora R, Zhang H, Axmacher N, Verschure PFMJ. Coordinated representational reinstatement in the human hippocampus and lateral temporal cortex during episodic memory retrieval. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2255. [PMID: 31113952 PMCID: PMC6529470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical models of episodic memory have proposed that retrieval depends on interactions between the hippocampus and neocortex, where hippocampal reinstatement of item-context associations drives neocortical reinstatement of item information. Here, we simultaneously recorded intracranial EEG from hippocampus and lateral temporal cortex (LTC) of epilepsy patients who performed a virtual reality spatial navigation task. We extracted stimulus-specific representations of both item and item-context associations from the time-frequency patterns of activity in hippocampus and LTC. Our results revealed a double dissociation of representational reinstatement across time and space: an early reinstatement of item-context associations in hippocampus preceded a later reinstatement of item information in LTC. Importantly, reinstatement levels in hippocampus and LTC were correlated across trials, and the quality of LTC reinstatement was predicted by the magnitude of phase synchronization between hippocampus and LTC. These findings confirm that episodic memory retrieval in humans relies on coordinated representational interactions within a hippocampal-neocortical network. Episodic memory retrieval is hypothesized to rely on hippocampal reinstatement of item-context associations which drives reinstatement of item information in cortex. Here, the authors confirm this sequence of events, using iEEG recordings from the human hippocampus and lateral temporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pacheco Estefan
- Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Fibla
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Duff
- Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Principe
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rocamora
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - P F M J Verschure
- Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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146
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Arbogast T, Razaz P, Ellegood J, McKinstry SU, Erdin S, Currall B, Aneichyk T, Lerch JP, Qiu LR, Rodriguiz RM, Henkelman RM, Talkowski ME, Wetsel WC, Golzio C, Katsanis N. Kctd13-deficient mice display short-term memory impairment and sex-dependent genetic interactions. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1474-1486. [PMID: 30590535 PMCID: PMC6489413 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 deletion and duplication syndromes are associated with a complex spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes that includes developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder, with a reciprocal effect on head circumference, brain structure and body mass index. Mouse models of the 16p11.2 copy number variant have recapitulated some of the patient phenotypes, while studies in flies and zebrafish have uncovered several candidate contributory genes within the region, as well as complex genetic interactions. We evaluated one of these loci, KCTD13, by modeling haploinsufficiency and complete knockout in mice. In contrast to the zebrafish model, and in agreement with recent data, we found normal brain structure in heterozygous and homozygous mutants. However, recapitulating previously observed genetic interactions, we discovered sex-specific brain volumetric alterations in double heterozygous Kctd13xMvp and Kctd13xLat mice. Behavioral testing revealed a significant deficit in novel object recognition, novel location recognition and social transmission of food preference in Kctd13 mutants. These phenotypes were concomitant with a reduction in density of mature spines in the hippocampus, but potentially independent of RhoA abundance, which was unperturbed postnatally in our mutants. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses from cortex and hippocampus highlighted the dysregulation of pathways important in neurodevelopment, the most significant of which was synaptic formation. Together, these data suggest that KCTD13 contributes to the neurocognitive aspects of patients with the BP4-BP5 deletion, likely through genetic interactions with other loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Arbogast
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parisa Razaz
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer U McKinstry
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Currall
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya Aneichyk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R M Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christelle Golzio
- UMR 7104/INSERM U1258 and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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147
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Rutishauser U. Testing Models of Human Declarative Memory at the Single-Neuron Level. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:510-524. [PMID: 31031021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms of declarative memory is a major goal of neuroscience. While much theoretical progress has been made, it has proven difficult to experimentally verify key predictions of some foundational models of memory. Recently, single-neuron recordings in human patients have started to provide direct experimental verification of some theories, including mnemonic evidence accumulation, balance-of-evidence for confidence judgments, sparse coding, contextual reinstatement, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-hippocampus loop model. Here, we summarize the cell types that have been described in the medial temporal lobe and posterior parietal cortex, discuss their properties, and reflect on how these findings inform theoretical work. This body of work exemplifies the scientific power of a synergistic combination of modeling and human single-neuron recordings to advance cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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148
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Dong G, Wang L, Du X, Potenza MN. Gender-related differences in neural responses to gaming cues before and after gaming: implications for gender-specific vulnerabilities to Internet gaming disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1203-1214. [PMID: 30272247 PMCID: PMC6234325 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds More males than females play video games and develop problems with gaming. However, little is known regarding how males and females who game on the Internet may differ with respect to neural responses to gaming cues. Methods Behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were recorded from 40 female and 68 male Internet gamers. This study included three components including participation in a pre-gaming cue-craving task, 30 min of online gaming and a post-gaming cue-elicited-craving task. Group differences were examined at pre-gaming, post-gaming and post- vs pre-gaming times. Correlations between brain responses and behavioral performance were calculated. Results Gaming-related cues elicited higher cravings in male vs female subjects. Prior to gaming, males demonstrated greater activations in the striatum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior frontal cortex and bilateral declive. Following gaming, male subjects demonstrated greater activations in the medial frontal gyrus and bilateral middle temporal gyri. In a post–pre comparison, male subjects demonstrated greater thalamic activation than did female subjects. Conclusions Short-term gaming elicited in males vs females more craving-related activations to gaming cues. These results suggest neural mechanisms for why males may be more vulnerable than females in developing Internet gaming disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Dong
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center, and National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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149
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Short-term westernized (HFFD) diet fed in adolescent rats: Effect on glucose homeostasis, hippocampal insulin signaling, apoptosis and related cognitive and recognition memory function. Behav Brain Res 2019; 361:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Braun M, Kronbichler M, Richlan F, Hawelka S, Hutzler F, Jacobs AM. A model-guided dissociation between subcortical and cortical contributions to word recognition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4506. [PMID: 30872701 PMCID: PMC6418272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive studies of visual word recognition have provided information about brain activity correlated with orthographic processing. Some of these studies related the orthographic neighborhood density of letter strings to the amount of hypothetical global lexical activity (GLA) in the brain as simulated by computational models of word recognition. To further investigate this issue, we used GLA of words and nonwords from the multiple read-out model of visual word recognition (MROM) and related this activity to neural correlates of orthographic processing in the brain by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Words and nonwords elicited linear effects in the cortex with increasing BOLD responses for decreasing values of GLA. In addition, words showed increasing linear BOLD responses for increasing GLA values in subcortical regions comprising the hippocampus, globus pallidus and caudate nucleus. We propose that these regions are involved in the matching of orthographic input onto representations in long-term memory. The results speak to a potential involvement of the basal ganglia in visual word recognition with globus pallidus and caudate nucleus activity potentially reflecting maintenance of orthographic input in working memory supporting the matching of the input onto stored representations by selection of appropriate lexical candidates and the inhibition of orthographically similar but non-matching candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Braun
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
- Allgemeine und Neurokognitive Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fabio Richlan
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Hawelka
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Hutzler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Arthur M Jacobs
- Allgemeine und Neurokognitive Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Berlin, Germany
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