101
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Brandebura AN, Kolson DR, Amick EM, Ramadan J, Kersting MC, Nichol RH, Holcomb PS, Mathers PH, Stoilov P, Spirou GA. Transcriptional profiling reveals roles of intercellular Fgf9 signaling in astrocyte maturation and synaptic refinement during brainstem development. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102176. [PMID: 35753346 PMCID: PMC9304775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue maturation is a coordinated process under tight transcriptional control. We previously analyzed the kinetics of gene expression in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the brainstem during the critical postnatal phase of its development. While this work revealed timed execution of transcriptional programs, it was blind to the specific cells where gene expression changes occurred. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq to determine transcriptional profiles of each major MNTB cell type. We discerned directional signaling patterns between neuronal, glial, and vascular-associated cells for VEGF, TGFβ, and Delta-Notch pathways during a robust period of vascular remodeling in the MNTB. Furthermore, we describe functional outcomes of the disruption of neuron-astrocyte fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) signaling. We used a conditional KO (cKO) approach to genetically delete Fgf9 from principal neurons in the MNTB, which led to an early onset of glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap) expression in astrocytes. In turn, Fgf9 cKO mice show increased levels of astrocyte-enriched brevican (Bcan), a component of the perineuronal net matrix that ensheaths principal neurons in the MNTB and the large calyx of Held terminal, while levels of the neuron-enriched hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapln1) were unchanged. Finally, volumetric analysis of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (Vglut1/2), which serves as a proxy for terminal size, revealed an increase in calyx of Held volume in the Fgf9 cKO. Overall, we demonstrate a coordinated neuron-astrocyte Fgf9 signaling network that functions to regulate astrocyte maturation, perineuronal net structure, and synaptic refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Brandebura
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Douglas R Kolson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Emily M Amick
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jad Ramadan
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew C Kersting
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert H Nichol
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Paul S Holcomb
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Peter H Mathers
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
| | - George A Spirou
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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102
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Uchino K, Tanaka Y, Kawaguchi S, Kubota K, Watanabe T, Katsurabayashi S, Hirose S, Iwasaki K. Establishment of autaptic culture with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes. iScience 2022; 25:104762. [PMID: 35942096 PMCID: PMC9356095 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although astrocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, how they induce synaptic abnormalities is unclear. Currently, in vitro pathological astrocyte cultures or animal models do not reproduce human disease phenotypes accurately. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are replacing animal models in pathological studies. We developed an autaptic culture (AC) system containing single neuron cultures grown on microislands of astrocytes. AC with human iPSC-derived astrocytes (HiA) was established. We evaluated the effect of astrocytes on the synaptic functions of human-derived neurons. We found a significantly higher Na+ current amplitude, membrane capacitance, and number of synapses, as well as longer dendrites, in HiAACs compared with neuron monocultures. Furthermore, HiAs were involved in the formation and maturation of functional synapses that exhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents. This system can facilitate the study of CNS diseases and advance the development of drugs targeting glial cells. We developed an autaptic culture with human iPSCs-derived astrocytes Neurons in HiAACs developed after culture and formed functional synapses EPSC and mEPSC were recorded showing HiAs promoted synapse formation/maturation Autaptic cultures can be used to analyze synaptic activity and human CNS disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Uchino
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-machi, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
- iONtarget, Co., Inc., 1-3-70-5805 Momochihama, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0006, Japan
- Research Institute for the Molecular Pathogeneses of Epilepsy, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawaguchi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kaori Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shutaro Katsurabayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Research Institute for the Molecular Pathogeneses of Epilepsy, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Shinichi Hirose
- iONtarget, Co., Inc., 1-3-70-5805 Momochihama, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0006, Japan
- Research Institute for the Molecular Pathogeneses of Epilepsy, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- General Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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103
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A distinct astrocyte subtype in the aging mouse brain characterized by impaired protein homeostasis. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:726-741. [PMID: 37118130 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain exhibits a region-specific reduction in synapse number and plasticity. Although astrocytes play central roles in regulating synapses, it is unclear how changes in astrocytes contribute to age-dependent cognitive decline and vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we identified a unique astrocyte subtype that exhibits dysregulated autophagy and morphology in aging hippocampus. In these autophagy-dysregulated astrocytes (APDAs), autophagosomes abnormally accumulate in swollen processes, impairing protein trafficking and secretion. We found that reduced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and proteasome activities with lysosomal dysfunction generate APDAs in an age-dependent manner. Secretion of synaptogenic molecules and astrocytic synapse elimination were significantly impaired in APDAs, suggesting that APDAs have lost their ability to control synapse number and homeostasis. Indeed, excitatory synapses and dendritic spines associated with APDAs were significantly reduced. Finally, we found that mouse brains with Alzheimer's disease showed a significantly accelerated increase in APDAs, suggesting potential roles for APDAs in age- and Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive decline and synaptic pathology.
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104
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Actions of Metformin in the Brain: A New Perspective of Metformin Treatments in Related Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158281. [PMID: 35955427 PMCID: PMC9368983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. Besides its hypoglycemic effects, metformin also can improve cognitive or mood functions in some T2DM patients; moreover, it has been reported that metformin exerts beneficial effects on many neurological disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, the mechanism underlying metformin in the brain is not fully understood. Neurotransmission between neurons is fundamental for brain functions, and its defects have been implicated in many neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that metformin appears not only to regulate synaptic transmission or plasticity in pathological conditions but also to regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in neural networks. In this review, we focused on and reviewed the roles of metformin in brain functions and related neurological disorders, which would give us a deeper understanding of the actions of metformin in the brain.
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105
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Bayat AH, Azimi H, Hassani Moghaddam M, Ebrahimi V, Fathi M, Vakili K, Mahmoudiasl GR, Forouzesh M, Boroujeni ME, Nariman Z, Abbaszadeh HA, Aryan A, Aliaghaei A, Abdollahifar MA. COVID-19 causes neuronal degeneration and reduces neurogenesis in human hippocampus. Apoptosis 2022; 27:852-868. [PMID: 35876935 PMCID: PMC9310365 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations of COVID-19 have largely focused on the effects of this novel virus on the vital organs in order to efficiently assist individuals who have recovered from the disease. In the present study we used hippocampal tissue samples extracted from people who died after COVID-19. Utilizing histological techniques to analyze glial and neuronal cells we illuminated a massive degeneration of neuronal cells and changes in glial cells morphology in hippocampal samples. The results showed that in hippocampus of the studied brains there were morphological changes in pyramidal cells, an increase in apoptosis, a drop in neurogenesis, and change in spatial distribution of neurons in the pyramidal and granular layer. It was also demonstrated that COVID-19 alter the morphological characteristics and distribution of astrocyte and microglia cells. While the exact mechanism(s) by which the virus causes neuronal loss and morphology in the central nervous system (CNS) remains to be determined, it is necessary to monitor the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on CNS compartments like the hippocampus in future investigations. As a result of what happened in the hippocampus secondary to COVID-19, memory impairment may be a long-term neurological complication which can be a predisposing factor for neurodegenerative disorders through neuroinflammation and oxidative stress mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Hossein Bayat
- Department of Basic Sciences, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Helia Azimi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ebrahimi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zahra Nariman
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Aryan
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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106
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Takeda I, Yoshihara K, Cheung DL, Kobayashi T, Agetsuma M, Tsuda M, Eto K, Koizumi S, Wake H, Moorhouse AJ, Nabekura J. Controlled activation of cortical astrocytes modulates neuropathic pain-like behaviour. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4100. [PMID: 35835747 PMCID: PMC9283422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major public health problem that currently lacks effective treatment options. Here, a method that can modulate chronic pain-like behaviour induced by nerve injury in mice is described. By combining a transient nerve block to inhibit noxious afferent input from injured peripheral nerves, with concurrent activation of astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex (S1) by either low intensity transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or via the chemogenetic DREADD system, we could reverse allodynia-like behaviour previously established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL). Such activation of astrocytes initiated spine plasticity to reduce those synapses formed shortly after PSL. This reversal from allodynia-like behaviour persisted well beyond the active treatment period. Thus, our study demonstrates a robust and potentially translational approach for modulating pain, that capitalizes on the interplay between noxious afferents, sensitized central neuronal circuits, and astrocyte-activation induced synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes may contribute to synaptic remodelling in the cortex in chronic pain states. Here the authors describe modulation of astrocyte activity to drive circuit reorganization in somatosensory cortex in mice, along with peripheral nerve block, which could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Takeda
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshihara
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dennis L Cheung
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masakazu Agetsuma
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Eto
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Center of Optical Scattering Image Science Department of Systems Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Andrew J Moorhouse
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan.
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107
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Embedded Real-Time Implementation of Bio-Inspired Central Pattern Generator with Self-Repairing Function. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11132089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Both robustness and self-repairing of the rhythmic behaviors generated by central pattern generators (CPGs) play significant roles in locomotion control. Although current CPG models have been established to mimic rhythmic outputs, the mechanisms by which the self-repairing capacities of CPG systems are formed are largely unknown. In this paper, a novel bio-inspired self-repairing CPG model (BiSRP-CPG) is proposed based on the tripartite synapse, which reveals the critical role of astrocytes in the dynamic coordination of CPGs. BiSRP-CPG is implemented on the parallel FPGA platform to simulate CPG systems on real physiological scale, in which a hardware implementation method without multiplier is utilized to break the limitation of FPGA hardware resources. The experimental results verified both the robustness and self-repairing capabilities of rhythm of BiSRP-CPG in the presence of stochastic synaptic inputs and “faulty” synapse. Under the synaptic failure rate of 20%, BiSRP-CPG suffered only 10.53% performance degradation, which was much lower than the 36.84% spike loss rate of CPG networks without astrocytes. This paper provides an insight into one of the possible self-repair mechanisms of brain rhythms which can be utilized to develop autonomously fault-tolerant electronic systems.
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108
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Choi J, Kim BR, Akuzum B, Chang L, Lee JY, Kwon HK. TREGking From Gut to Brain: The Control of Regulatory T Cells Along the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916066. [PMID: 35844606 PMCID: PMC9279871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract has an enormous and diverse microbial community, termed microbiota, that is necessary for the development of the immune system and tissue homeostasis. In contrast, microbial dysbiosis is associated with various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as neurological disorders in humans by affecting not only the immune system in the gastrointestinal tract but also other distal organs. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ helper T cell lineages that function as a gatekeeper for immune activation and are essential for peripheral autoimmunity prevention. Tregs are crucial to the maintenance of immunological homeostasis and tolerance at barrier regions. Tregs reside in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and tissue-resident Tregs have unique tissue-specific phenotype and distinct function. The gut microbiota has an impact on Tregs development, accumulation, and function in periphery. Tregs, in turn, modulate antigen-specific responses aimed towards gut microbes, which supports the host–microbiota symbiotic interaction in the gut. Recent studies have indicated that Tregs interact with a variety of resident cells in central nervous system (CNS) to limit the progression of neurological illnesses such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. The gastrointestinal tract and CNS are functionally connected, and current findings provide insights that Tregs function along the gut-brain axis by interacting with immune, epithelial, and neuronal cells. The purpose of this study is to explain our current knowledge of the biological role of tissue-resident Tregs, as well as the interaction along the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Begum Akuzum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Leechung Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Yong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: June-Yong Lee, ; Ho-Keun Kwon,
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: June-Yong Lee, ; Ho-Keun Kwon,
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109
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The promise of the TGF-β superfamily as a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105805. [PMID: 35764291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence underscore the regulatory role of TGF-β superfamily in the central nervous system. Components of the TGF-β superfamily modulate key events during embryonic brain development and adult brain tissue injury repair. With respect to Parkinson's disease (PD), TGF-ß signaling pathways are implicated in the differentiation, maintenance and synaptic function of the dopaminergic neurons, as well as in processes related to the activation state of astrocytes and microglia. In vitro and in vivo studies using toxin models, have interrogated on the dopaminotrophic and protective role of the TGF-β superfamily members. The evolution of genetic and animal models of PD that more closely recapitulate the disease condition has made possible the dissection of intracellular pathways in response to TGF-ß treatment. Although the first clinical trials using GDNF did not meet their primary endpoints, substantial work has been carried out to reappraise the TGF-β superfamily's clinical benefit.
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110
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Dou SH, Cui Y, Huang SM, Zhang B. The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Central Nervous System Disease Pathogenesis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:924155. [PMID: 35814950 PMCID: PMC9263365 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.924155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found abnormal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases (e.g., stroke, depression, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease). This suggests that BDNF may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Moreover, regulating BDNF signaling may represent a potential treatment for such diseases. With reference to recent research papers in related fields, this article reviews the production and regulation of BDNF in CNS and the role of BDNF signaling disorders in these diseases. A brief introduction of the clinical application status of BDNF is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Dou
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shu-Ming Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Zhang,
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111
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Vicente-Acosta A, Ceprian M, Sobrino P, Pazos MR, Loría F. Cannabinoids as Glial Cell Modulators in Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Neuroprotection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888222. [PMID: 35721207 PMCID: PMC9199389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide following coronary heart disease. Despite significant efforts to find effective treatments to reduce neurological damage, many patients suffer from sequelae that impair their quality of life. For this reason, the search for new therapeutic options for the treatment of these patients is a priority. Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, participate in crucial processes that allow the correct functioning of the neural tissue, being actively involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke. Although the exact mechanisms by which glial cells contribute in the pathophysiological context of stroke are not yet completely understood, they have emerged as potentially therapeutic targets to improve brain recovery. The endocannabinoid system has interesting immunomodulatory and protective effects in glial cells, and the pharmacological modulation of this signaling pathway has revealed potential neuroprotective effects in different neurological diseases. Therefore, here we recapitulate current findings on the potential promising contribution of the endocannabinoid system pharmacological manipulation in glial cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Vicente-Acosta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ceprian
- ERC Team, PGNM, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pilar Sobrino
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Maria Ruth Pazos
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Frida Loría
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
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112
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Gong B, Guo D, Zheng C, Ma Z, Zhang J, Qu Y, Li X, Li G, Zhang L, Wang Y. Complement C3a activates astrocytes to promote medulloblastoma progression through TNF-α. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:159. [PMID: 35725556 PMCID: PMC9208237 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Approximately one-third of MB patients remain incurable. Understanding the molecular mechanism of MB tumorigenesis is, therefore, critical for developing specific and effective treatment strategies. Our previous work demonstrated that astrocytes constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME) of MB and play an indispensable role in MB progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which astrocytes are regulated and activated to promote MB remain elusive. Methods By taking advantage of Math1-Cre/Ptch1loxp/loxp mice, which spontaneously develop MB, primary MB cells and astrocytes were isolated and then subjected to administration and coculture in vitro. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to determine the presence of C3a in MB sections. MB cell proliferation was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. GFAP and cytokine expression levels in C3a-stimulated astrocytes were assessed by immunofluorescent staining, western blotting, q-PCR and ELISA. C3a receptor and TNF-α receptor expression was determined by PCR and immunofluorescent staining. p38 MAPK pathway activation was detected by western blotting. Transplanted MB mice were treated with a C3a receptor antagonist or TNF-α receptor antagonist to investigate their role in MB progression in vivo. Results We found that complement C3a, a fragment released from intact complement C3 following complement activation, was enriched in both human and murine MB tumor tissue, and its receptor was highly expressed on tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs). We demonstrated that C3a activated astrocytes and promoted MB cell proliferation via the p38 MAPK pathway. Moreover, we discovered that C3a upregulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α in astrocytes. Application of the conditioned medium of C3a-stimulated astrocytes promoted MB cell proliferation, which was abolished by preincubation with a TNF-α receptor antagonist, indicating a TNF-α-dependent event. Indeed, we further demonstrated that administration of a selective C3a receptor or TNF-α receptor antagonist to mice subcutaneously transplanted with MB suppressed tumor progression in vivo. Conclusions C3a was released during MB development. C3a triggered astrocyte activation and TNF-α production via the p38 pathway, which promoted MB cell proliferation. Our findings revealed the novel role of C3a-mediated TNF-α production by astrocytes in MB progression. These findings imply that targeting C3a and TNF-α may represent a potential novel therapeutic approach for human MB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02516-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Duancheng Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Qu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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113
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Maly IV, Hofmann WA, Pletnikov MV. Experimental and computational analyses of calcium dynamics in 22q11.2 deletion model astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2022; 783:136711. [PMID: 35671915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Methods for deriving mechanistic information from intracellular calcium dynamics have largely been applied to neuronal data despite the knowledge of roles of glial cells in behavior, cognition, and psychiatric disorders. Using calcium imaging, computer vision, and Bayesian kinetic inference (BKI), we analyzed calcium dynamics in primary astrocytes derived from control or Df1/+ mice, a model of 22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge syndrome). Inference of the highest-likelihood molecular kinetic characteristics of intracellular calcium dynamics identified changes in the activity of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). Application of a SERCA inhibitor to wild-type astrocytes reproduced the differences detected in Df1/+ astrocytes. Our work reveals the molecular changes driving the calcium kinetics in astrocytes from a 22q11.2 deletion model. BKI can be useful for mechanistically dissecting calcium dynamics in glial cells and formulating and testing hypotheses about underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Maly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA.
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114
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de Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Calì C, Petrelli F, Bezzi P. Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia. Glia 2022; 70:1585-1604. [PMID: 35634946 PMCID: PMC9544982 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise etiology is still poorly understood. Schizophrenia is not characterized by gross brain pathology, but involves subtle pathological changes in neuronal populations and glial cells. Among the latter, astrocytes critically contribute to the regulation of early neurodevelopmental processes, and any dysfunctions in their morphological and functional maturation may lead to aberrant neurodevelopmental processes involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Studies of the mechanisms regulating astrocyte maturation may therefore improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corrado Calì
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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115
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Strat AN, Kirschner A, Yoo H, Singh A, Bagué T, Li H, Herberg S, Ganapathy PS. Engineering a 3D hydrogel system to study optic nerve head astrocyte morphology and behavior. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109102. [PMID: 35525298 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana N Strat
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Alexander Kirschner
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Hannah Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ayushi Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Tyler Bagué
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Preethi S Ganapathy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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Allen M, Huang BS, Notaras MJ, Lodhi A, Barrio-Alonso E, Lituma PJ, Wolujewicz P, Witztum J, Longo F, Chen M, Greening DW, Klann E, Ross ME, Liston C, Colak D. Astrocytes derived from ASD individuals alter behavior and destabilize neuronal activity through aberrant Ca 2+ signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2470-2484. [PMID: 35365802 PMCID: PMC9135629 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are poorly understood. Cumulative evidence suggests that abnormal synapse function underlies many features of this disease. Astrocytes regulate several key neuronal processes, including the formation of synapses and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. Astrocyte abnormalities have also been identified in the postmortem brain tissue of ASD individuals. However, it remains unclear whether astrocyte pathology plays a mechanistic role in ASD, as opposed to a compensatory response. To address this, we combined stem cell culturing with transplantation techniques to determine disease-specific properties inherent to ASD astrocytes. We demonstrate that ASD astrocytes induce repetitive behavior as well as impair memory and long-term potentiation when transplanted into the healthy mouse brain. These in vivo phenotypes were accompanied by reduced neuronal network activity and spine density caused by ASD astrocytes in hippocampal neurons in vitro. Transplanted ASD astrocytes also exhibit exaggerated Ca2+ fluctuations in chimeric brains. Genetic modulation of evoked Ca2+ responses in ASD astrocytes modulates behavior and neuronal activity deficits. Thus, this study determines that astrocytes derived from ASD iPSCs are sufficient to induce repetitive behavior as well as cognitive deficit, suggesting a previously unrecognized primary role for astrocytes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Allen
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ben S Huang
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Notaras
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aiman Lodhi
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estibaliz Barrio-Alonso
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pablo J Lituma
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Wolujewicz
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Witztum
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Longo
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilek Colak
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. .,Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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117
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Wang F, Cai YJ, Ma X, Wang N, Wu ZB, Sun Y, Xu YX, Yang H, Liu TT, Xia Q, Yu Z, Zhu DF. Synaptic loss in a mouse model of euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: possible involvement of the microglia. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:25. [PMID: 35468730 PMCID: PMC9036731 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune illness that renders individuals vulnerable to neuropsychopathology even in the euthyroid state, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We hypothesized that activated microglia might disrupt synapses, resulting in cognitive disturbance in the context of euthyroid HT, and designed the present study to test this hypothesis. Methods Experimental HT model was induced by immunizing NOD mice with thyroglobulin and adjuvant twice. Morris Water Maze was measured to determine mice spatial learning and memory. The synaptic parameters such as the synaptic density, synaptic ultrastructure and synaptic-markers (SYN and PSD95) as well as the interactions of microglia with synapses were also determined. Results HT mice had poorer performance in Morris Water Maze than controls. Concurrently, HT resulted in a significant reduction in synapse density and ultrastructure damage, along with decreased synaptic puncta visualized by immunostaining with synaptophysin and PSD-95. In parallel, frontal activated microglia in euthyroid HT mice showed increased engulfment of PSD95 and EM revealed that the synaptic structures were visible within the microglia. These functional alterations in microglia corresponded to structural increases in their attachment to neuronal perikarya and a reduction in presynaptic terminals covering the neurons. Conclusion Our results provide initial evidence that HT can induce synaptic loss in the euthyroid state with deficits might be attributable to activated microglia, which may underlie the deleterious effects of HT on spatial learning and memory. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-022-00710-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yao-Jun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Respiratoration, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhang-Bi Wu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yong-Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - De-Fa Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Qian Y, Wang M, Dong J, Jiang Y, Huang Z. Astrocyte-Derived Saturated Lipids Mediate Cell Toxicity in the Central Nervous System. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:699-702. [PMID: 35441259 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jianhong Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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de Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Bondiolotti BM, Laugeray A, Bezzi P. Synaptic Plasticity Dysfunctions in the Pathophysiology of 22q11 Deletion Syndrome: Is There a Role for Astrocytes? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084412. [PMID: 35457231 PMCID: PMC9028090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 22q11 deletion syndrome (DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans and gives a high probability of developing psychiatric disorders. Synaptic and neuronal malfunctions appear to be at the core of the symptoms presented by patients. In fact, it has long been suggested that the behavioural and cognitive impairments observed in 22q11DS are probably due to alterations in the mechanisms regulating synaptic function and plasticity. Often, synaptic changes are related to structural and functional changes observed in patients with cognitive dysfunctions, therefore suggesting that synaptic plasticity has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Most interestingly, among the genes deleted in 22q11DS, six encode for mitochondrial proteins that, in mouse models, are highly expressed just after birth, when active synaptogenesis occurs, therefore indicating that mitochondrial processes are strictly related to synapse formation and maintenance of a correct synaptic signalling. Because correct synaptic functioning, not only requires correct neuronal function and metabolism, but also needs the active contribution of astrocytes, we summarize in this review recent studies showing the involvement of synaptic plasticity in the pathophysiology of 22q11DS and we discuss the relevance of mitochondria in these processes and the possible involvement of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Maria Bondiolotti
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.C.d.O.F.); (B.M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Anthony Laugeray
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.C.d.O.F.); (B.M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.C.d.O.F.); (B.M.B.); (A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Vicente-Acosta A, Giménez-Cassina A, Díaz-Nido J, Loria F. The smoothened agonist SAG reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity of frataxin-deficient astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:93. [PMID: 35413853 PMCID: PMC9006607 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by decreased levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Similar to other neurodegenerative pathologies, previous studies suggested that astrocytes might contribute to the progression of the disease. To fully understand the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in Friedreich's ataxia, we investigated the reactivity status and functioning of cultured human astrocytes after frataxin depletion using an RNA interference-based approach and tested the effect of pharmacologically modulating the SHH pathway as a novel neuroprotective strategy. RESULTS We observed loss of cell viability, mitochondrial alterations, increased autophagy and lipid accumulation in cultured astrocytes upon frataxin depletion. Besides, frataxin-deficient cells show higher expression of several A1-reactivity markers and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, most of these defects were prevented by chronically treating the cells with the smoothened agonist SAG. Furthermore, in vitro culture of neurons with conditioned medium from frataxin-deficient astrocytes results in a reduction of neuronal survival, neurite length and synapse formation. However, when frataxin-deficient astrocytes were chronically treated with SAG, we did not observe these alterations in neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the pharmacological activation of the SHH pathway could be used as a target to modulate astrocyte reactivity and neuron-glia interactions to prevent neurodegeneration in Friedreich's ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Vicente-Acosta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Program in Molecular Biosciences, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Giménez-Cassina
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díaz-Nido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Segovia de Arana, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frida Loria
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Budapest 1, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
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Early Life Events and Maturation of the Dentate Gyrus: Implications for Neurons and Glial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084261. [PMID: 35457079 PMCID: PMC9031216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG), an important part of the hippocampus, plays a significant role in learning, memory, and emotional behavior. Factors potentially influencing normal development of neurons and glial cells in the DG during its maturation can exert long-lasting effects on brain functions. Early life stress may modify maturation of the DG and induce lifelong alterations in its structure and functioning, underlying brain pathologies in adults. In this paper, maturation of neurons and glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) and the effects of early life events on maturation processes in the DG have been comprehensively reviewed. Early postnatal interventions affecting the DG eventually result in an altered number of granule neurons in the DG, ectopic location of neurons and changes in adult neurogenesis. Adverse events in early life provoke proinflammatory changes in hippocampal glia at cellular and molecular levels immediately after stress exposure. Later, the cellular changes may disappear, though alterations in gene expression pattern persist. Additional stressful events later in life contribute to manifestation of glial changes and behavioral deficits. Alterations in the maturation of neuronal and glial cells induced by early life stress are interdependent and influence the development of neural nets, thus predisposing the brain to the development of cognitive and psychiatric disorders.
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Zhou J, Geng Y, Su T, Wang Q, Ren Y, Zhao J, Fu C, Weber M, Lin H, Kaminker JS, Liu N, Sheng M, Chen Y. NMDA receptor-dependent prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 induction in neurons promotes glial proliferation during brain development and injury. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110557. [PMID: 35354047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play critical roles in brain development and disease, but the mechanisms that regulate astrocyte proliferation are poorly understood. We report that astrocyte proliferation is bi-directionally regulated by neuronal activity via NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling in neurons. Prolonged treatment with an NMDAR antagonist reduced expression of cell-cycle-related genes in astrocytes in hippocampal cultures and suppressed astrocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo, whereas neuronal activation promoted astrocyte proliferation, dependent on neuronal NMDARs. Expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) is induced specifically in neurons by NMDAR activation and is required for activity-dependent astrocyte proliferation through its product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). NMDAR inhibition or Ptgs2 genetic ablation in mice reduced the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia induced by mild traumatic brain injury in the absence of secondary excitotoxicity-induced neuronal death. Our study defines an NMDAR-mediated signaling mechanism that allows trans-cellular control of glial proliferation by neurons in brain development and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tonghui Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yongfei Ren
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoying Fu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Martin Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joshua S Kaminker
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Zhang H, Zheng Q, Guo T, Zhang S, Zheng S, Wang R, Deng Q, Yang G, Zhang S, Tang L, Qi Q, Zhu L, Zhang XF, Luo H, Zhang X, Sun H, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Han A, Zhang CS, Xu H, Wang X. Metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes results in neuronal dysfunction in intellectual disability. Mol Psychiatry 2022:10.1038/s41380-022-01521-x. [PMID: 35338313 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte aerobic glycolysis provides vital trophic support for central nervous system neurons. However, whether and how astrocytic metabolic dysregulation contributes to neuronal dysfunction in intellectual disability (ID) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a causal role for an ID-associated SNX27 mutation (R198W) in cognitive deficits involving reshaping astrocytic metabolism. We generated SNX27R196W (equivalent to human R198W) knock-in mice and found that they displayed deficits in synaptic function and learning behaviors. SNX27R196W resulted in attenuated astrocytic glucose uptake via GLUT1, leading to reduced lactate production and a switch from homeostatic to reactive astrocytes. Importantly, lactate supplementation or a ketogenic diet restored neuronal oxidative phosphorylation and reversed cognitive deficits in SNX27R196W mice. In summary, we illustrate a key role for astrocytic SNX27 in maintaining glucose supply and glycolysis and reveal that altered astrocytic metabolism disrupts the astrocyte-neuron interaction, which contributes to ID. Our work also suggests a feasible strategy for treating ID by restoring astrocytic metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Qiuyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Qingfang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Linxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Qiuping Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Aidong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China.
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Kim SR, Park Y, Li M, Kim YK, Lee S, Son SY, Lee S, Lee JS, Lee CH, Park HH, Lee JY, Hong S, Cho YC, Kim JW, Yoo HM, Cho N, Lee HS, Lee SH. Anti-inflammatory effect of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle leaves in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114258. [PMID: 34271112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Activated astrocytes are involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Traditionally, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, widely distributed in East Asia, has been used as a medicine for the treatment of fever, gastric diseases, and inflammation. Although A. altissima has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory role in peripheral tissues or cells, its role in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action of A. altissima in primary astrocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A nitrite assay was used to measure nitric oxide (NO) production, and the tetrazolium salt 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to determine cytotoxicity. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined with western blotting. Reverse-transcription PCR was used to assess the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The levels of reactive oxygen species were measured using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Luciferase assay and immunocytochemistry were used for assessing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription and p65 localization, respectively. Memory and social interaction were analyzed using the Y-maze and three-chamber tests, respectively. RESULTS The ethanol extract of A. altissima leaves (AAE) inhibited iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. Moreover, AAE reduced the transcription of various proinflammatory mediators, hindered NF-κB activation, and suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation without p38 activation. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis revealed that AAE comprised ethyl gallate, quercetin, and kaempferol, along with luteolin, which has anti-inflammatory properties, and repressed LPS-induced nitrite levels and the nuclear translocation of p65. Finally, oral administration of AAE attenuated LPS-induced memory and social impairment in mice and repressed LPS-induced ERK and JNK activation in the cortices of mice. CONCLUSION AAE could have therapeutic uses in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases via suppression of astrocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Rae Kim
- Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongun Park
- Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo Li
- Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Kyeong Kim
- Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22755, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungguan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu X, Li K, Gao Y. Adeno-associated virus-mediated in vivo suppression of expression of EPHX2 gene modulates the activity of paraventricular nucleus neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:121-127. [PMID: 35344709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension can be attributed to increased sympathetic activities. Presympathetic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus are capable of modulating sympathetic outflow, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) were reported to have anti-hypertensive effects, which could be degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), encoded by EPHX2. However, the potential effect of EETs on PVN neuron activity and the underlying molecular mechanism are largely unknown. METHODS Knockdown of EPHX2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was achieved by tail-intravenous injection of AAV plasmid containing shRNA targeting EPHX2. Whole-cell patch clamp was used to record action potentials of PVN neurons. An LC-MS/MS System was employed to determine 14,15-EET levels in rat cerebrospinal fluid. qPCR and western blotting were applied to examine the expression level of EPHX2 in various tissues. ELISA and immunofluorescence staining were applied to examine the levels of ATP, D-serine and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in isolated astrocytes. RESULTS The expression level of EPHX2 was higher, while the level of 14,15-EET was lower in SHRs than normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) rats. The spike firing frequency of PNV neurons in SHRs was higher than in WKY rats at a given stimulus current, which could be reduced by either EPHX2 downregulation or 14,15-EET administration. In isolated hypothalamic astrocytes, the elevated intracellular ATP or D-serine induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment could be rescued by 14,15-EET addition or 14,15-EET combing serine racemase (SR) downregulation by siRNA, respectively. Furthermore, 14,15-EET treatment reduced the Ang II-induced elevation of GFAP immunofluorescence. CONCLUSIONS The elevation of EET levels by EPHX2 downregulation reduced presympathetic neuronal activity in the PVN of SHRs, leading to a reduced sympathetic outflow in hypertension rats. The ATP/SR/D-serine pathway of astrocytes is involved in EET-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kuibao Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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126
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Gage M, Gard M, Thippeswamy T. Characterization of Cortical Glial Scars in the Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) Rat Model of Epilepsy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867949. [PMID: 35372361 PMCID: PMC8966428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial scars have been observed following stab lesions in the spinal cord and brain but not observed and characterized in chemoconvulsant-induced epilepsy models. Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and can be modeled in rodents. Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) exposure, like other real-world organophosphate nerve agents (OPNAs) used in chemical warfare scenarios, can lead to the development of status epilepticus (SE). We have previously demonstrated that DFP-induced SE promotes epileptogenesis which is characterized by the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), gliosis, and neurodegeneration. In this study, we report classical glial scars developed in the piriform cortex, but not in the hippocampus, by 8 days post-exposure. We challenged both male and female rats with 4–5 mg/kg DFP (s.c.) followed immediately by 2 mg/kg atropine sulfate (i.m.) and 25 mg/kg pralidoxime (i.m.) and one hour later by midazolam (i.m). Glial scars were present in the piriform cortex/amygdala region in 73% of the DFP treated animals. No scars were found in controls. Scars were characterized by a massive clustering of reactive microglia surrounded by hypertrophic reactive astrocytes. The core of the scars was filled with a significant increase of IBA1 and CD68 positive cells and a significant reduction in NeuN positive cells compared to the periphery of the scars. There was a significantly higher density of reactive GFAP, complement 3 (C3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) positive cells at the periphery of the scar compared to similar areas in controls. We found a significant increase in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CS-56) in the periphery of the scars compared to a similar region in control brains. However, there was no change in TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 positive cells in or around the scars in DFP-exposed animals compared to controls. In contrast to stab-induced scars, we did not find fibroblasts (Thy1.1) in the scar core or periphery. There were sex differences with respect to the density of iNOS, CD68, NeuN, GFAP, C3 and CS-56 positive cells. This is the first report of cortical glial scars in rodents with systemic chemoconvulsant-induced SE. Further investigation could help to elucidate the mechanisms of scar development and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Gage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Megan Gard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy,
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Liu J, Wu X, Lu Q. Molecular divergence of mammalian astrocyte progenitor cells at early gliogenesis. Development 2022; 149:274633. [PMID: 35253855 PMCID: PMC8959143 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian brain development, how different astrocytes are specified from progenitor cells is not well understood. In particular, whether astrocyte progenitor cells (APCs) start as a relatively homogenous population or whether there is early heterogeneity remains unclear. Here, we have dissected subpopulations of embryonic mouse forebrain progenitors using single-cell transcriptome analyses. Our sequencing data revealed two molecularly distinct APC subgroups at the start of gliogenesis from both dorsal and ventral forebrains. The two APC subgroups were marked, respectively, by specific expression of Sparc and Sparcl1, which are known to function in mature astrocytes with opposing activities for regulating synapse formation. Expression analyses showed that SPARC and SPARCL1 mark APC subgroups that display distinct temporal and spatial patterns, correlating with major waves of astrogliogenesis during development. Our results uncover an early molecular divergence of APCs in the mammalian brain and provide a useful transcriptome resource for the study of glial cell specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Liu
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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128
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Zarekiani P, Nogueira Pinto H, Hol EM, Bugiani M, de Vries HE. The neurovascular unit in leukodystrophies: towards solving the puzzle. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35227276 PMCID: PMC8887016 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a highly organized multicellular system localized in the brain, formed by neuronal, glial (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and vascular (endothelial cells and pericytes) cells. The blood-brain barrier, a complex and dynamic endothelial cell barrier in the brain microvasculature that separates the blood from the brain parenchyma, is a component of the NVU. In a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke, dysfunctions of the NVU occurs. There is, however, a lack of knowledge regarding the NVU function in leukodystrophies, which are rare monogenic disorders that primarily affect the white matter. Since leukodystrophies are rare diseases, human brain tissue availability is scarce and representative animal models that significantly recapitulate the disease are difficult to develop. The introduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) now makes it possible to surpass these limitations while maintaining the ability to work in a biologically relevant human context and safeguarding the genetic background of the patient. This review aims to provide further insights into the NVU functioning in leukodystrophies, with a special focus on iPSC-derived models that can be used to dissect neurovascular pathophysiology in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parand Zarekiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrique Nogueira Pinto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wegrzyn D, Zokol J, Faissner A. Vav3-Deficient Astrocytes Enhance the Dendritic Development of Hippocampal Neurons in an Indirect Co-culture System. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:817277. [PMID: 35237130 PMCID: PMC8882586 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.817277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav proteins belong to the class of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that catalyze the exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) on their target proteins. Here, especially the members of the small GTPase family, Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) can be brought into an activated state by the catalytic activity of Vav-GEFs. In the central nervous system (CNS) of rodents Vav3 shows the strongest expression pattern in comparison to Vav2 and Vav1, which is restricted to the hematopoietic system. Several studies revealed an important role of Vav3 for the elongation and branching of neurites. However, little is known about the function of Vav3 for other cell types of the CNS, like astrocytes. Therefore, the following study analyzed the effects of a Vav3 knockout on several astrocytic parameters as well as the influence of Vav3-deficient astrocytes on the dendritic development of cultured neurons. For this purpose, an indirect co-culture system of native hippocampal neurons and Vav3-deficient cortical astrocytes was used. Interestingly, neurons cultured in an indirect contact with Vav3-deficient astrocytes showed a significant increase in the dendritic complexity and length after 12 and 17 days in vitro (DIV). Furthermore, Vav3-deficient astrocytes showed an enhanced regeneration in the scratch wound heal assay as well as an altered profile of released cytokines with a complete lack of CXCL11, reduced levels of IL-6 and an increased release of CCL5. Based on these observations, we suppose that Vav3 plays an important role for the development of dendrites by regulating the expression and the release of neurotrophic factors and cytokines in astrocytes.
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130
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Shu J, Li N, Wei W, Zhang L. Detection of molecular signatures and pathways shared by Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Gene 2022; 810:146070. [PMID: 34813915 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are common in the general elderly population, conferring heavy individual, social, and economic stresses on families and society. Accumulating evidence indicates T2D to be a risk factor for AD. However, the underlying mechanisms for this association are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the shared molecular signatures between AD and T2D through integrated analysis of temporal cortex gene expression data. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, protein over-representation analysis, protein-protein interaction, DEG-transcription factor interactions, DEG-microRNA interactions, protein-drug interactions, gene-disease association analysis, and protein subcellular localization analysis of the common DEGs were performed. We identified 16 common DEGs between the two datasets, which were mainly enriched in the biological processes of apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and hemostasis. We also identified five hub proteins encoded by the DEGs, five central regulatory transcription factors, and six microRNAs. Protein-drug interaction analysis showed C1QB to be associated with different drugs. Gene-disease association analysis revealed that hub genes, SFN and ITGB2, were actively engaged in other diseases. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into shared molecular mechanisms between AD and T2D and provide novel candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, No. 221, West Yan An Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, No. 221, West Yan An Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, No. 221, West Yan An Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, No. 221, West Yan An Road, Shanghai, China.
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131
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Rurak GM, Simard S, Freitas-Andrade M, Lacoste B, Charih F, Van Geel A, Stead J, Woodside B, Green JR, Coppola G, Salmaso N. Sex differences in developmental patterns of neocortical astroglia: A mouse translatome database. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110310. [PMID: 35108542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroglial cells are key players in the development and maintenance of neurons and neuronal networks. Astroglia express steroid hormone receptors and show rapid responses to hormonal manipulations. However, despite important sex differences in the cortex and hippocampus, few studies have examined sex differences in astroglial cells in telencephalic development. To characterize the cortical astroglial translatome in male and female mice across postnatal development, we use translating ribosome affinity purification together with RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to phenotype astroglia at six developmental time points. Overall, we find two distinct astroglial phenotypes between early (P1-P7) and late development (P14-adult), independent of sex. We also find sex differences in gene expression patterns across development that peak at P7 and appear to result from males reaching a mature astroglial phenotype earlier than females. These developmental sex differences could have an impact on the construction of neuronal networks and windows of vulnerability to perturbations and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth M Rurak
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Simard
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Moises Freitas-Andrade
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François Charih
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Van Geel
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John Stead
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James R Green
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gianfilippo Coppola
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Department of Pathology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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132
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Debom GN, Rubenich DS, Braganhol E. Adenosinergic Signaling as a Key Modulator of the Glioma Microenvironment and Reactive Astrocytes. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:648476. [PMID: 35069091 PMCID: PMC8766410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are numerous glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in brain homeostasis. These cells can directly communicate with neurons by releasing gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, into the multipartite synapse. Moreover, astrocytes respond to tissue injury in the CNS environment. Recently, astrocytic heterogeneity and plasticity have been discussed by several authors, with studies proposing a spectrum of astrocytic activation characterized by A1/neurotoxic and A2/neuroprotective polarization extremes. The fundamental roles of astrocytes in communicating with other cells and sustaining homeostasis are regulated by purinergic signaling. In the CNS environment, the gliotransmitter ATP acts cooperatively with other glial signaling molecules, such as cytokines, which may impact CNS functions by facilitating/inhibiting neurotransmitter release. Adenosine (ADO), the main product of extracellular ATP metabolism, is an important homeostatic modulator and acts as a neuromodulator in synaptic transmission via P1 receptor sensitization. Furthermore, purinergic signaling is a key factor in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as damaged cells release ATP, leading to ADO accumulation in the TME through the ectonucleotidase cascade. Indeed, the enzyme CD73, which converts AMP to ADO, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells; this upregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Because of the crucial activity of CD73 in these cells, extracellular ADO accumulation in the TME contributes to sustaining glioblastoma immune escape while promoting A2-like activation. The present review describes the importance of ADO in modulating astrocyte polarization and simultaneously promoting tumor growth. We also discuss whether targeting of CD73 to block ADO production can be used as an alternative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Debom
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dominique S Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Cardiologia - Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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133
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Evidence of Energy Metabolism Alterations in Cultured Neonatal Astrocytes Derived from the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12010083. [PMID: 35053826 PMCID: PMC8773919 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, neurons have been the central focus of studies on the mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative aspects of Down syndrome (DS). Astrocytes, which were once thought to have only a passive role, are now recognized as active participants of a variety of essential physiological processes in the brain. Alterations in their physiological function have, thus, been increasingly acknowledged as likely initiators of or contributors to the pathogenesis of many nervous system disorders and diseases. In this study, we carried out a series of real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in hippocampal astrocytes derived from neonatal Ts65Dn and euploid control mice using a Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer. Our results revealed a significant basal OCR increase in neonatal Ts65Dn astrocytes compared with those from control mice, indicating increased oxidative phosphorylation. ECAR did not differ between the groups. Given the importance of astrocytes in brain metabolic function and the linkage between astrocytic and neuronal energy metabolism, these data provide evidence against a pure “neurocentric” vision of DS pathophysiology and support further investigations on the potential contribution of disturbances in astrocytic energy metabolism to cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration associated with DS.
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134
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The Effects of Modified Curcumin Preparations on Glial Morphology in Aging and Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:813-824. [PMID: 34988899 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by reactive microglia and astrocytes (collectively called gliosis) in the central nervous system and is considered as one of the main pathological hallmarks in different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, age-related dementia, and multiple sclerosis. Upon activation, glia undergoes structural and morphological changes such as the microglial cells swell in size and astrocytes become bushy, which play both beneficial and detrimental roles. Hence, they are unable to perform the normal physiological role in brain immunity. Curcumin, a cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug, has a high proven pre-clinical potency and efficacy to reverse chronic neuroinflammation by attenuating the activation and morphological changes that occur in the microglia and astrocytes. This review will highlight the recent findings on the tree structure changes of microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation and the effects of curcumin against the activation and morphology of glial cells.
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135
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Shi S, Chen T, Zhao M. The Crosstalk Between Neurons and Glia in Methamphetamine-Induced Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:872-884. [PMID: 34982394 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an illicit psycho-stimulant, is widely known as an addictive drug that may cause neurotoxic effects. Previous researches on METH abuse have mainly focused on neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate. However, there is growing evidence that neuroinflammation also plays an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of brain dysfunction induced by METH abuse. This has cast a spotlight on the research of microglia and astrocyte, which are critical mediators of neuroimmune pathology in recent years. In the central nervous system (CNS) immunity, abnormalities of the microglia and astrocytes have been observed in METH abusers from both postmortem and preclinical studies. The bidirectional communication between neurons and glia is essential for the homeostasis and biological function of the CNS while activation of glia induces the release of cytokines and chemokines during pathological conditions, which will affect the neuron-glia interactions and lead to adverse behavioral consequences. However, the underlying mechanisms of interaction between neurons and glia in METH-induced neuroinflammation remain elusive. Notably, discovering and further understanding glial activity and functions, as well as the crosstalk between neurons and glia may help to explain the pathogenesis of METH abuse and behavioral changes in abusers. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the crosstalk between neurons and glia in METH-induced neuroinflammation. We also review the existing microglia-astrocyte interaction under METH exposure. We hope the present review will lead the way for more studies on the development of new therapeutic strategies for METH abuse in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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136
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Rochat C, Bernard-Marissal N, Källstig E, Pradervand S, Perrin FE, Aebischer P, Raoul C, Schneider BL. Astrocyte-targeting RNA interference against mutated superoxide dismutase 1 induces motoneuron plasticity and protects fast-fatigable motor units in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glia 2022; 70:842-857. [PMID: 34978340 PMCID: PMC9303637 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by SOD1 gene mutations, both cell‐autonomous and noncell‐autonomous mechanisms lead to the selective degeneration of motoneurons (MN). Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of gene therapy targeting mutated SOD1 in mature astrocytes using mice expressing the mutated SOD1G93A protein. An AAV‐gfaABC1D vector encoding an artificial microRNA is used to deliver RNA interference against mutated SOD1 selectively in astrocytes. The treatment leads to the progressive rescue of neuromuscular junction occupancy, to the recovery of the compound muscle action potential in the gastrocnemius muscle, and significantly improves neuromuscular function. In the spinal cord, gene therapy targeting astrocytes protects a small pool of the most vulnerable fast‐fatigable MN until disease end stage. In the gastrocnemius muscle of the treated SOD1G93A mice, the fast‐twitch type IIB muscle fibers are preserved from atrophy. Axon collateral sprouting is observed together with muscle fiber type grouping indicative of denervation/reinnervation events. The transcriptome profiling of spinal cord MN shows changes in the expression levels of factors regulating the dynamics of microtubules. Gene therapy delivering RNA interference against mutated SOD1 in astrocytes protects fast‐fatigable motor units and thereby improves neuromuscular function in ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cylia Rochat
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne
| | - Nathalie Bernard-Marissal
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne.,INSERM, MMG, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emma Källstig
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne.,Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Aebischer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne
| | - Cédric Raoul
- INM, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne.,Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva
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137
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Lauranzano E, Rasile M, Matteoli M. Integrating Primary Astrocytes in a Microfluidic Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2492:225-240. [PMID: 35733047 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2289-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model must be highly reproducible and imitate as much as possible the properties of the in vivo environment, from both the functional and anatomical point of view. In our latest work, a BBB prototype was implemented through the use of human primary brain cells and then integrated in a microfluidic platform (Lauranzano et al., Adv Biosyst 3:e1800335, 2019). Here we describe, step by step, the setting of a customized bio-mimetic platform, which uses human brain endothelial cells and primary astrocytic cells to allow the study of the complex interactions between the immune system and the brain in healthy and neuroinflammatory conditions. The model can be exploited to investigate the neuroimmune communication at the blood-brain interface and to examine the transmigration of patient-derived lymphocytes in order to envisage cutting-edge strategies to restore barrier integrity and block the immune cell influx into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Rasile
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
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138
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Wichmann C, Kuner T. Heterogeneity of glutamatergic synapses: cellular mechanisms and network consequences. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:269-318. [PMID: 34727002 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synapses are commonly known as a structurally and functionally highly diverse class of cell-cell contacts specialized to mediate communication between neurons. They represent the smallest "computational" unit of the brain and are typically divided into excitatory and inhibitory as well as modulatory categories. These categories are subdivided into diverse types, each representing a different structure-function repertoire that in turn are thought to endow neuronal networks with distinct computational properties. The diversity of structure and function found among a given category of synapses is referred to as heterogeneity. The main building blocks for this heterogeneity are synaptic vesicles, the active zone, the synaptic cleft, the postsynaptic density, and glial processes associated with the synapse. Each of these five structural modules entails a distinct repertoire of functions, and their combination specifies the range of functional heterogeneity at mammalian excitatory synapses, which are the focus of this review. We describe synapse heterogeneity that is manifested on different levels of complexity ranging from the cellular morphology of the pre- and postsynaptic cells toward the expression of different protein isoforms at individual release sites. We attempt to define the range of structural building blocks that are used to vary the basic functional repertoire of excitatory synaptic contacts and discuss sources and general mechanisms of synapse heterogeneity. Finally, we explore the possible impact of synapse heterogeneity on neuronal network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wichmann
- Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, InnerEarLab and Institute for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
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139
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Velloso FJ, Shankar S, Parpura V, Rakic P, Levison SW. Neural Stem Cells in Adult Mammals are not Astrocytes. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221134739. [PMID: 36330653 PMCID: PMC9638700 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221134739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
At the turn of the 21st century studies of the cells that resided in the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ) characterized the neural stem cells (NSCs) as a subtype of astrocyte. Over the ensuing years, numerous studies have further characterized the properties of these NSCs and compared them to parenchymal astrocytes. Here we have evaluated the evidence collected to date to establish whether classifying the NSCs as astrocytes is appropriate and useful. We also performed a meta-analysis with 4 previously published datasets that used cell sorting and unbiased single-cell RNAseq to highlight the distinct gene expression profiles of adult murine NSCs and niche astrocytes. On the basis of our understanding of the properties and functions of astrocytes versus the properties and functions of NSCs, and from our comparative transcriptomic analyses we conclude that classifying the adult mammalian NSC as an astrocyte is potentially misleading. From our vantage point, it is more appropriate to refer to the cells in the adult mammalian SVZ that retain the capacity to produce new neurons and macroglia as NSCs without attaching the term "astrocyte-like."
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Janczur Velloso
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sandhya Shankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven W. Levison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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140
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Heaven MR, Herren AW, Flint DL, Pacheco NL, Li J, Tang A, Khan F, Goldman JE, Phinney BS, Olsen ML. Metabolic Enzyme Alterations and Astrocyte Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Alexander Disease With Severe Reactive Gliosis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100180. [PMID: 34808356 PMCID: PMC8717607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In this report, a mouse model of AxD (GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H) was analyzed that contains a heterozygous R236H point mutation in murine Gfap as well as a transgene with a GFAP promoter to overexpress human GFAP. Using label-free quantitative proteomic comparisons of brain tissue from GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H versus wild-type mice confirmed upregulation of the glutathione metabolism pathway and indicated proteins were elevated in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, which had not been reported previously in AxD. Relative protein-level differences were confirmed by a targeted proteomics assay, including proteins related to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Of particular interest was the decreased level of the oligodendrocyte protein, 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase (Ugt8), since Ugt8-deficient mice exhibit a phenotype similar to GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H mice (e.g., tremors, ataxia, hind-limb paralysis). In addition, decreased levels of myelin-associated proteins were found in the GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H mice, consistent with the role of Ugt8 in myelin synthesis. Fabp7 upregulation in GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H mice was also selected for further investigation due to its uncharacterized association to AxD, critical function in astrocyte proliferation, and functional ability to inhibit the anti-inflammatory PPAR signaling pathway in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Within Gfap+ astrocytes, Fabp7 was markedly increased in the hippocampus, a brain region subjected to extensive pathology and chronic reactive gliosis in GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H mice. Last, to determine whether the findings in GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H mice are present in the human condition, AxD patient and control samples were analyzed by Western blot, which indicated that Type I AxD patients have a significant fourfold upregulation of FABP7. However, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that UGT8 accumulates in AxD patient subpial brain regions where abundant amounts of Rosenthal fibers are located, which was not observed in the GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony W Herren
- University of California at Davis Proteomics Core, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Natasha L Pacheco
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brett S Phinney
- University of California at Davis Proteomics Core, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
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141
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Chen Z, Haider A, Chen J, Xiao Z, Gobbi L, Honer M, Grether U, Arnold SE, Josephson L, Liang SH. The Repertoire of Small-Molecule PET Probes for Neuroinflammation Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities beyond TSPO. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17656-17689. [PMID: 34905377 PMCID: PMC9094091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an adaptive response of the central nervous system to diverse potentially injurious stimuli, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration and typically characterized by activation of microglia and astrocytes. As a noninvasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) could provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Ligands to translator protein (TSPO), a putative marker of neuroinflammation, have been the most commonly studied in this context, but they suffer from serious limitations. Herein we present a repertoire of different structural chemotypes and novel PET ligand design for classical and emerging neuroinflammatory targets beyond TSPO. We believe that this Perspective will support multidisciplinary collaborations in academic and industrial institutions working on neuroinflammation and facilitate the progress of neuroinflammation PET probe development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
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142
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Koizumi S, Shigetomi E, Sano F, Saito K, Kim SK, Nabekura J. Abnormal Ca 2+ Signals in Reactive Astrocytes as a Common Cause of Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:149. [PMID: 35008573 PMCID: PMC8745111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In pathological brain conditions, glial cells become reactive and show a variety of responses. We examined Ca2+ signals in pathological brains and found that reactive astrocytes share abnormal Ca2+ signals, even in different types of diseases. In a neuropathic pain model, astrocytes in the primary sensory cortex became reactive and showed frequent Ca2+ signals, resulting in the production of synaptogenic molecules, which led to misconnections of tactile and pain networks in the sensory cortex, thus causing neuropathic pain. In an epileptogenic model, hippocampal astrocytes also became reactive and showed frequent Ca2+ signals. In an Alexander disease (AxD) model, hGFAP-R239H knock-in mice showed accumulation of Rosenthal fibers, a typical pathological marker of AxD, and excessively large Ca2+ signals. Because the abnormal astrocytic Ca2+ signals observed in the above three disease models are dependent on type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3RII), we reanalyzed these pathological events using IP3RII-deficient mice and found that all abnormal Ca2+ signals and pathologies were markedly reduced. These findings indicate that abnormal Ca2+ signaling is not only a consequence but may also be greatly involved in the cause of these diseases. Abnormal Ca2+ signals in reactive astrocytes may represent an underlying pathology common to multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sano
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan;
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143
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Stenovec M, Li B, Verkhratsky A, Zorec R. Ketamine Action on Astrocytes Provides New Insights into Rapid Antidepressant Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:349-365. [PMID: 34888841 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, exerts rapid, potent and long-lasting antidepressant effect already after a single administration of a low dose into depressed individuals. Apart from targeting neuronal NMDARs essential for synaptic transmission, ketamine also interacts with astrocytes, the principal homoeostatic cells of the central nervous system. The cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte-based rapid antidepressant effect are incompletely understood. Here we overview recent data that describe ketamine-dependent changes in astrocyte cytosolic cAMP activity ([cAMP]i) and ketamine-induced modifications of stimulus-evoked Ca2+ signalling. The latter regulates exocytotic release of gliosignalling molecules and stabilizes the vesicle fusion pore in a narrow configuration that obstructs cargo discharge or vesicle membrane recycling. Ketamine also instigates rapid redistribution of cholesterol in the astrocyte plasmalemma that may alter flux of cholesterol to neurones, where it is required for changes in synaptic plasticity. Finally, ketamine attenuates mobility of vesicles carrying the inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir4.1) and reduces the surface density of Kir4.1 channels that control extracellular K+ concentration, which tunes the pattern of action potential firing in neurones of lateral habenula as demonstrated in a rat model of depression. Thus, diverse, but not mutually exclusive, mechanisms act synergistically to evoke changes in synaptic plasticity leading to sustained strengthening of excitatory synapses necessary for rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Stenovec
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Baoman Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Poison Analysis, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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144
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Jo J, Woo J, Cristobal CD, Choi JM, Wang C, Ye Q, Smith JA, Ung K, Liu G, Cortes D, Jung SY, Arenkiel BR, Lee HK. Regional heterogeneity of astrocyte morphogenesis dictated by the formin protein, Daam2, modifies circuit function. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53200. [PMID: 34633730 PMCID: PMC8647146 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes display extraordinary morphological complexity that is essential to support brain circuit development and function. Formin proteins are key regulators of the cytoskeleton; however, their role in astrocyte morphogenesis across diverse brain regions and neural circuits is unknown. Here, we show that loss of the formin protein Daam2 in astrocytes increases morphological complexity in the cortex and olfactory bulb, but elicits opposing effects on astrocytic calcium dynamics. These differential physiological effects result in increased excitatory synaptic activity in the cortex and increased inhibitory synaptic activity in the olfactory bulb, leading to altered olfactory behaviors. Proteomic profiling and immunoprecipitation experiments identify Slc4a4 as a binding partner of Daam2 in the cortex, and combined deletion of Daam2 and Slc4a4 restores the morphological alterations seen in Daam2 mutants. Our results reveal new mechanisms regulating astrocyte morphology and show that congruent changes in astrocyte morphology can differentially influence circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Jo
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Carlo D Cristobal
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Center for Molecular DiscoveryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Chih‐Yen Wang
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Joshua A Smith
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Kevin Ung
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Gary Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Center for Molecular DiscoveryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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145
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Sun H, Cao X, Gong A, Huang Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Lv B, Li Z, Guan S, Lu L, Yin G. Extracellular vesicles derived from astrocytes facilitated neurite elongation by activating the Hippo pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112937. [PMID: 34863709 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes severe neurological dysfunction, and facilitating neurite elongation is particularly important in its treatment. Astrocytes (AS) play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), and their high plasticity and versatility provide a feasible entry point for relevant research. Our purpose was to explore whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) from astrocytes (AS-EVs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-preactivated astrocytes (LPAS-EVs) facilitate neurite elongation, to explore the underlying mechanism, and to verify whether these EVs promote locomotor recovery in rats. We used LPS to preactivate astrocytes and cocultured them with PC12 cells to observe neurite changes, then extracted and identified AS-EVs and LPAS-EVs and the role and mechanism of these EVs in facilitating neurite elongation was examined in vivo and vitro. We demonstrated that AS-EVs and LPAS-EVs facilitated the elongation of neurites and the recovery of rats with SCI. LPAS-EVs had a stronger effect than AS-EVs, by activating the Hippo pathway, promoting monopole spindle binding protein 1 (MOB1) expression, and reducing Yes-associated protein (YAP) levels. The data also suggest a feedback regulation between MOB1 and p-YAP/YAP. In sum, AS-EVs and LPAS-EVs can play an active role in facilitating neurite elongation by activating the Hippo pathway. These findings provide a new strategy for treating SCI and other CNS-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingbing Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinglong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifu Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shihao Guan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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146
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Neely SA, Lyons DA. Insights Into Central Nervous System Glial Cell Formation and Function From Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:754606. [PMID: 34912801 PMCID: PMC8666443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term glia describes a heterogenous collection of distinct cell types that make up a large proportion of our nervous system. Although once considered the glue of the nervous system, the study of glial cells has evolved significantly in recent years, with a large body of literature now highlighting their complex and diverse roles in development and throughout life. This progress is due, in part, to advances in animal models in which the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glial cell development and function as well as neuron-glial cell interactions can be directly studied in vivo in real time, in intact neural circuits. In this review we highlight the instrumental role that zebrafish have played as a vertebrate model system for the study of glial cells, and discuss how the experimental advantages of the zebrafish lend themselves to investigate glial cell interactions and diversity. We focus in particular on recent studies that have provided insight into the formation and function of the major glial cell types in the central nervous system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Neely
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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147
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Vandenberg GG, Thotakura A, Scott AL. Mitochondrial bioenergetics of astrocytes in Fragile X Syndrome: new perspectives from culture conditions and sex effects. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C125-C135. [PMID: 34817267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder that is characterized by a range of cognitive and behavioural deficits, including mild-moderate intellectual disability. The disease is characterized by an X-linked mutation of the Fmr1 gene, which causes silencing of the gene coding for FMRP, a translational regulator integral for neurodevelopment. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recently associated with FXS, with reports of increases in oxidative stress markers, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation being present in brain tissue. Astrocytes, a prominent glial cell within the CNS, plays a large role in regulating oxidative homeostasis within the developing brain and dysregulation of astrocyte redox balance in FXS may contribute to oxidative stress. Astrocyte function and mitochondrial bioenergetics is significantly influenced by oxygen availability as well as circulating sex hormones; yet these parameters are rarely considered during in vitro experimentation. Given that the brain normally develops in a range of hypoxic conditions and FXS is a sex-linked genetic disorder, we investigated how different oxygen levels (normoxic versus hypoxic) and biological sex affected mitochondrial bioenergetics of astrocytes in FXS. Our results show demonstrate that both mitochondrial respiration capacity and reactive oxygen species emission are altered with Fmr1 deletion in astrocytes and these changes were dependent upon both sexual dimorphism and oxygen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Vandenberg
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aasritha Thotakura
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela L Scott
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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148
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Xu W, Zhang X, Liang F, Cao Y, Li Z, Qu W, Zhang J, Bi Y, Sun C, Zhang J, Sun B, Shu Q, Li X. Tet1 Regulates Astrocyte Development and Cognition of Mice Through Modulating GluA1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644375. [PMID: 34778243 PMCID: PMC8581465 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tet (Ten eleven translocation) family proteins-mediated 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is highly enriched in the neuronal system, and is involved in diverse biological processes and diseases. However, the function of 5hmC in astrocyte remains completely unknown. In the present study, we show that Tet1 deficiency alters astrocyte morphology and impairs neuronal function. Specific deletion of Tet1 in astrocyte impairs learning and memory ability of mice. Using 5hmC high-throughput DNA sequencing and RNA sequencing, we present the distribution of 5hmC among genomic features in astrocyte and show that Tet1 deficiency induces differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) and alters gene expression. Mechanistically, we found that Tet1 deficiency leads to the abnormal Ca2+ signaling by regulating the expression of GluA1, which can be rescued by ectopic GluA1. Collectively, our findings suggest that Tet1 plays important function in astrocyte physiology by regulating Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Xu
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Cao
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenzheng Qu
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Bi
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binggui Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuekun Li
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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149
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Kikel-Coury NL, Brandt JP, Correia IA, O’Dea MR, DeSantis DF, Sterling F, Vaughan K, Ozcebe G, Zorlutuna P, Smith CJ. Identification of astroglia-like cardiac nexus glia that are critical regulators of cardiac development and function. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001444. [PMID: 34793438 PMCID: PMC8601506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are essential for functionality of the nervous system. Growing evidence underscores the importance of astrocytes; however, analogous astroglia in peripheral organs are poorly understood. Using confocal time-lapse imaging, fate mapping, and mutant genesis in a zebrafish model, we identify a neural crest-derived glial cell, termed nexus glia, which utilizes Meteorin signaling via Jak/Stat3 to drive differentiation and regulate heart rate and rhythm. Nexus glia are labeled with gfap, glast, and glutamine synthetase, markers that typically denote astroglia cells. Further, analysis of single-cell sequencing datasets of human and murine hearts across ages reveals astrocyte-like cells, which we confirm through a multispecies approach. We show that cardiac nexus glia at the outflow tract are critical regulators of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. These data establish the crucial role of glia on cardiac homeostasis and provide a description of nexus glia in the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L. Kikel-Coury
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jacob P. Brandt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Isabel A. Correia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael R. O’Dea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Dana F. DeSantis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Felicity Sterling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kevin Vaughan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Gulberk Ozcebe
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Cody J. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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150
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Wang Y, Peng Y, Zhang C, Zhou X. Astrocyte-neuron lactate transport in the ACC contributes to the occurrence of long-lasting inflammatory pain in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136205. [PMID: 34478818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactate transport is an important means of communication between astrocytes and neurons and is implicated in a variety of neurobiological processes. However, the connection between astrocyte-neuron lactate transport and nociceptive modulation has not been well established. Here, we found that Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation pain leads to a significant increase in extracellular lactate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Inhibition of glycogenolysis and lactate release in the ACC disrupted the persistent, but not acute, inflammation pain induced by CFA, and this effect was reversed by exogenous L-lactate administration. Knocking down the expression of lactate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, or MCT2) also disrupted the long lasting inflammation pain induced by CFA. Moreover, glycogenolysis in the ACC is critical for the induction of molecular changes related to neuronal plasticity, including the induction of phospho- (p-) ERK, p-CREB, and Fos. Taken together, our findings indicate that astrocyte-neuron lactate transport in the ACC is critical for the occurrence of persistent inflammation pain, suggesting a novel mechanism underlying chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunan Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuelong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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