101
|
Rekvig OP. The Anti-DNA Antibodies: Their Specificities for Unique DNA Structures and Their Unresolved Clinical Impact-A System Criticism and a Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808008. [PMID: 35087528 PMCID: PMC8786728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is diagnosed and classified by criteria, or by experience, intuition and traditions, and not by scientifically well-defined etiology(ies) or pathogenicity(ies). One central criterion and diagnostic factor is founded on theoretical and analytical approaches based on our imperfect definition of the term “The anti-dsDNA antibody”. “The anti-dsDNA antibody” holds an archaic position in SLE as a unique classification criterium and pathogenic factor. In a wider sense, antibodies to unique transcriptionally active or silent DNA structures and chromatin components may have individual and profound nephritogenic impact although not considered yet – not in theoretical nor in descriptive or experimental contexts. This hypothesis is contemplated here. In this analysis, our state-of-the-art conception of these antibodies is probed and found too deficient with respect to their origin, structural DNA specificities and clinical/pathogenic impact. Discoveries of DNA structures and functions started with Miescher’s Nuclein (1871), via Chargaff, Franklin, Watson and Crick, and continues today. The discoveries have left us with a DNA helix that presents distinct structures expressing unique operations of DNA. All structures are proven immunogenic! Unique autoimmune antibodies are described against e.g. ssDNA, elongated B DNA, bent B DNA, Z DNA, cruciform DNA, or individual components of chromatin. In light of the massive scientific interest in anti-DNA antibodies over decades, it is an unexpected observation that the spectrum of DNA structures has been known for decades without being implemented in clinical immunology. This leads consequently to a critical analysis of historical and contemporary evidence-based data and of ignored and one-dimensional contexts and hypotheses: i.e. “one antibody - one disease”. In this study radical viewpoints on the impact of DNA and chromatin immunity/autoimmunity are considered and discussed in context of the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Rekvig
- Section of Autoimmunity, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Clearing NETs with T-series resolvins. Blood 2022; 139:1128-1130. [PMID: 35201336 PMCID: PMC8867684 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
103
|
Role of macrophage extracellular traps in innate immunity and inflammatory disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:21-32. [PMID: 35191493 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an integral role in initiating innate immune defences and regulating inflammation. They are also involved in maintaining homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation, by promoting tissue repair and wound healing. There is evidence that like neutrophils, macrophages can release extracellular traps following exposure to a range of pathogenic and pro-inflammatory stimuli. Extracellular traps are released by a specialised cell death pathway termed 'ETosis', and consist of a backbone of DNA and histones decorated with a range of other proteins. The composition of extracellular trap proteins can be influenced by both the cell type and the local environment in which the traps are released. In many cases, these proteins have an antimicrobial role and assist with pathogen killing. Therefore, the release of extracellular traps serves as a means to both immobilise and destroy invading pathogens. In addition to their protective role, extracellular traps are also implicated in disease pathology. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is causally linked to the development of wide range of human diseases. However, whether macrophage extracellular traps (METs) play a similar role in disease pathology is less well established. Moreover, macrophages are also involved in the clearance of extracellular traps, which could assist in the resolution of tissue damage associated with the presence of extracellular traps. In this review, we will provide an overview of the pathways responsible for macrophage extracellular trap release, and discuss the role of these structures in innate immunity and disease pathology and possible therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
104
|
Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Özcan A, Collado-Diaz V, Egholm C, Tomura M, Gunzer M, Halin C, Kolios AGA, Boyman O. CCR7-guided neutrophil redirection to skin-draining lymph nodes regulates cutaneous inflammation and infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi9126. [PMID: 35119939 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first nonresident effector immune cells that migrate to a site of infection or inflammation; however, improper control of neutrophil responses can cause considerable tissue damage. Here, we found that neutrophil responses in inflamed or infected skin were regulated by CCR7-dependent migration and phagocytosis of neutrophils in draining lymph nodes (dLNs). In mouse models of Toll-like receptor-induced skin inflammation and cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection, neutrophils migrated from the skin to the dLNs via lymphatic vessels in a CCR7-mediated manner. In the dLNs, these neutrophils were phagocytosed by lymph node-resident type 1 and type 2 conventional dendritic cells. CCR7 up-regulation on neutrophils was a conserved mechanism across different tissues and was induced by a broad range of microbial stimuli. In the context of cutaneous immune responses, disruption of CCR7 interactions by selective CCR7 deficiency of neutrophils resulted in increased antistaphylococcal immunity and aggravated skin inflammation. Thus, neutrophil homing to and clearance in skin-dLNs affects cutaneous immunity versus pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Özcan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Collado-Diaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - M Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A G A Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Clinical significance and role of CXCL16 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis. Immunol Lett 2022; 243:28-37. [PMID: 35120907 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases. The kidney and lung are the most common and most severely affected organs. Previous studies have shown that the chemokine ligand CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 play an important role in kidney disease. However, whether CXCL16/CXCR6 is involved in the pathogenesis of AAV remains elusive. In this study, the levels of CXCL16 and its specific receptor CXCR6 were investigated. According to kidney outcome, patients were divided into two groups, specifically one with high CXCL16 levels and one with low CXCL16 levels, by cut-off values using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The clinical parameters and histological features were further compared between the two groups. The ability of CXCL16 to induce neutrophil chemotaxis was analysed using a Transwell migration assay in a coculture system of conditional immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (ciGEnCs) and neutrophils. We observed that the levels of CXCL16 were significantly increased in the circulation, along with the expression in renal tissue of AAV patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). CXCR6 expression on neutrophils was significantly higher in patients with AAV than in HCs. There were positive correlations between the levels of CXCL16 and serum creatinine, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α and negative correlations with eGFR. The serum levels of CXCL16 could act as a predictive biomarker of renal outcome in AAV. CXCL16 secretion was upregulated in ciGEnCs treated with AAV serum. CXCL16 released from ciGEnCs contributed to neutrophil migration. Furthermore, neutrophil migration was attenuated by silencing CXCL16 expression via transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences and lentivirus. Taken together, these data suggest that the inhibition of the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis may provide new therapeutic strategies targeting AAV.
Collapse
|
107
|
Vlasschaert C, Moran SM, Rauh MJ. The Myeloid-Kidney Interface in Health and Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:323-331. [PMID: 34507968 PMCID: PMC8823925 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Kidney homeostasis is highly dependent upon the correct functioning of myeloid cells. These cells form a distributed surveillance network throughout the kidney, where they play an integral role in the response to organ threat. Dysregulation of resident proinflammatory and profibrotic macrophages leads to kidney structural damage and scarring after kidney injury. Fibrosis throughout the kidney parenchyma contributes to the progressive functional decline observed in CKD, independent of the etiology. Circulating myeloid cells bearing intrinsic defects also affect the kidney substructures, such as neutrophils activated by autoantibodies that cause GN in ANCA-associated vasculitis. The kidney can also be affected by disorders of myelopoiesis, including myeloid leukemias (acute and chronic myeloid leukemias) and myelodysplastic syndromes. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is a common, newly recognized premalignant clinical entity characterized by clonal expansion of hyperinflammatory myeloid lineage cells that may have significant kidney sequelae. A number of existing therapies in CKD target myeloid cells and inflammation, including glucocorticoid receptor agonists and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The therapeutic indications for these and other myeloid cell-targeted treatments is poised to expand as our understanding of the myeloid-kidney interface evolves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M. Moran
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J. Rauh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Antonelou M, Evans RDR, Henderson SR, Salama AD. Neutrophils are key mediators in crescentic glomerulonephritis and targets for new therapeutic approaches. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:230-238. [PMID: 33057680 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) results from a diverse set of diseases associated with immune dysregulation and the breakdown of self-tolerance to a wide range of autoantigens, some known and some that remain unknown. Experimental data demonstrate that neutrophils have an important role in the pathogenesis of CGN. Upon activation, neutrophils generate reactive oxygen species, release serine proteases and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), all of which can induce direct tissue damage. In addition, serine proteases such as myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3, presented on NETs, can be processed and recognized as autoantigens, leading to the generation and maintenance of autoimmune responses in susceptible individuals. The basis of the specificity of autoimmune responses in different patients to NET proteins is unclear, but relates at least in part to differences in human leucocyte antigen expression. Conditions associated with CGN are often characterized by aberrant neutrophil activation and NETosis and, in some, impaired NET degradation. Targeting neutrophil degranulation and NETosis is now possible using a variety of novel compounds and may provide a promising therapeutic alternative to glucocorticoid use, which has been a mainstay of management in CGN for decades and is associated with significant adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the role of neutrophils in the development of CGN and the pathways identified in neutrophil degranulation and NETosis that may translate to novel therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilina Antonelou
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rhys D R Evans
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Scott R Henderson
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alan D Salama
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
The role of neutrophils in rheumatic disease-associated vascular inflammation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:158-170. [PMID: 35039664 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular pathologies underpin and intertwine autoimmune rheumatic diseases and cardiovascular conditions, and atherosclerosis is increasingly recognized as the leading cause of morbidity in conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Neutrophils, important cells in the innate immune system, exert their functional effects in tissues via a variety of mechanisms, including the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps and the production of reactive oxygen species. Neutrophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several rheumatic diseases, and can also intimately interact with the vascular system, either through modulating endothelial barriers at the blood-vessel interface, or through associations with platelets. Emerging data suggest that neutrophils also have an important role maintaining homeostasis in individual organs and can protect the vascular system. Furthermore, studies using high-dimensional omics technologies have advanced our understanding of neutrophil diversity, and immature neutrophils are receiving new attention in rheumatic diseases including SLE and systemic vasculitis. Developments in genomic, imaging and organoid technologies are beginning to enable more in-depth investigations into the pathophysiology of vascular inflammation in rheumatic diseases, making now a good time to re-examine the full scope of roles of neutrophils in these processes.
Collapse
|
110
|
Nakabo S, Kaplan MJ, Gupta S. Quantification of Neutrophils Undergoing NET Formation and Distinguishing Mechanisms of Neutrophil Cell Death by Use of a High-Throughput Method. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2543:129-140. [PMID: 36087264 PMCID: PMC11407227 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2553-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell type in humans, play a crucial role in innate host defenses. Recent studies have revealed additional key roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases through multiple mechanisms including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Further research to expand the understanding of neutrophils' role in health and diseases is limited by lack of techniques to quantify neutrophils undergoing NET formation in an objective, reproducible, and efficient manner. In this chapter, we describe an automated high-throughput method to quantify NETting neutrophils in real time using a two-color, live-content imaging platform, the IncuCyte™S3 (Essen BioScience, Inc.) system, coupled to membrane integrity-dependent dual-dye approach to image intracellular and extracellular DNA. Based on characteristic differences in nuclear morphology and membrane integrity, this method may also be used to distinguish between different types of neutrophil cell death. This platform can help to assess neutrophil physiology and to develop and test therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Nakabo
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarthak Gupta
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Świecka M, Maślińska M. Liquid Biopsy and Its Emerging Role in Rheumatology. Crit Rev Immunol 2022; 42:13-19. [PMID: 36374818 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2022045288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a rapidly evolving diagnostic technique used to analyze tissue-derived information found in the blood or other bodily fluids. It represents a new way to guide therapeutic decisions, mainly in cancer, but its application in other fields of medicine is still growing. Here, we discuss how liquid biopsy has been used in autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or primary Sjögren's syndrome. Additionally, in aspect of liquid biopsy, we analyze the molecular biomarkers utilized in the field of rheumatology, including circulating cell-free DNA, microRNA, and proteomic content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Świecka
- Early Arthritis Clinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation named Professor Eleonora Reicher, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Early Arthritis Clinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation named Professor Eleonora Reicher, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Antiochos B, Trejo-Zambrano D, Fenaroli P, Rosenberg A, Baer A, Garg A, Sohn J, Li J, Petri M, Goldman DW, Mecoli C, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A. The DNA sensors AIM2 and IFI16 are SLE autoantigens that bind neutrophil extracellular traps. eLife 2022; 11:72103. [PMID: 35608258 PMCID: PMC9129876 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleic acid binding proteins are frequently targeted as autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other interferon (IFN)-linked rheumatic diseases. The AIM-like receptors (ALRs) are IFN-inducible innate sensors that form supramolecular assemblies along double-stranded (ds)DNA of various origins. Here, we investigate the ALR absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) as a novel autoantigen in SLE, with similar properties to the established ALR autoantigen interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16). We examined neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as DNA scaffolds on which these antigens might interact in a pro-immune context. Methods AIM2 autoantibodies were measured by immunoprecipitation in SLE and control subjects. Neutrophil extracellular traps were induced in control neutrophils and combined with purified ALR proteins in immunofluorescence and DNase protection assays. SLE renal tissues were examined for ALR-containing NETs by confocal microscopy. Results AIM2 autoantibodies were detected in 41/131 (31.3%) SLE patients and 2/49 (4.1%) controls. Our SLE cohort revealed a frequent co-occurrence of anti-AIM2, anti-IFI16, and anti-DNA antibodies, and higher clinical measures of disease activity in patients positive for antibodies against these ALRs. We found that both ALRs bind NETs in vitro and in SLE renal tissues. We demonstrate that ALR binding causes NETs to resist degradation by DNase I, suggesting a mechanism whereby extracellular ALR-NET interactions may promote sustained IFN signaling. Conclusions Our work suggests that extracellular ALRs bind NETs, leading to DNase resistant nucleoprotein fibers that are targeted as autoantigens in SLE. Funding These studies were funded by NIH R01 DE12354 (AR), P30 AR070254, R01 GM 129342 (JS), K23AR075898 (CM), K08AR077100 (BA), the Jerome L. Greene Foundation and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. Dr. Antiochos and Dr. Mecoli are Jerome L. Greene Scholars. The Hopkins Lupus Cohort is supported by NIH grant R01 AR069572. Confocal imaging performed at the Johns Hopkins Microscopy Facility was supported by NIH Grant S10 OD016374.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Antiochos
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniela Trejo-Zambrano
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Paride Fenaroli
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital, Department of Medicine and SurgeryParmaItaly,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of PathologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of PathologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alan Baer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Archit Garg
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical ChemistryBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jungsan Sohn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical ChemistryBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jessica Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michelle Petri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel W Goldman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher Mecoli
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Antony Rosen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of RheumatologyBaltimoreUnited States,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of PathologyBaltimoreUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Wang Y, Carion TW, Ebrahim AS, Sosne G, Berger EA. Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Corneal Infection. Cells 2021; 10:3579. [PMID: 34944086 PMCID: PMC8700181 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work examining the therapeutic efficacy of adjunct thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) to ciprofloxacin for ocular infectious disease has revealed markedly reduced inflammation (inflammatory mediators and innate immune cells) with increased activation of wound healing pathways. Understanding the therapeutic mechanisms of action have further revealed a synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin to enhance bacterial killing along with a regulatory influence over macrophage effector cell function. As a natural extension of the aforementioned work, the current study uses an experimental model of P. aeruginosa-induced keratitis to examine the influence of Tβ4 regarding polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN/neutrophil) cellular function, contributing to improved disease response. Flow cytometry was utilized to phenotypically profile infiltrating PMNs after infection. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and PMN apoptosis were investigated to assess the functional activities of PMNs in response to Tβ4 therapy. In vitro work using peritoneal-derived PMNs was similarly carried out to verify and extend our in vivo findings. The results indicate that the numbers of infiltrated PMNs into infected corneas were significantly reduced with adjunctive Tβ4 treatment. This was paired with the downregulated expression of proinflammatory markers on these cells, as well. Data generated from PMN functional studies suggested that the corneas of adjunctive Tβ4 treated B6 mice exhibit a well-regulated production of ROS, NETs, and limited PMN apoptosis. In addition to confirming the in vivo results, the in vitro findings also demonstrated that neutrophil elastase (NE) was unnecessary for NETosis. Collectively, these data provide additional evidence that adjunctive Tβ4 + ciprofloxacin treatment is a promising option for bacterial keratitis that addresses both the infectious pathogen and cellular-mediated immune response, as revealed by the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Thomas W Carion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gabriel Sosne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Shiga Toxin 2a Induces NETosis via NOX-Dependent Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121807. [PMID: 34944623 PMCID: PMC8698832 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection is the most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), one of the main causes of acute kidney injury in children. Stx plays an important role in endothelium damage and pathogenesis of STEC-HUS. However, the effects of Stx on neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation are not well understood. In this study, we investigated how Stx2a affects NET formation and NETotic pathways (NADPH or NOX-dependent and -independent) using neutrophils isolated from healthy donors and patients with STEC-HUS, during the acute and recovery phase of the disease. Stx2a dose-dependently induced NETosis in neutrophils isolated from both healthy controls and STEC-HUS patients. NETosis kinetics and mechanistic data with pathway-specific inhibitors including diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)-, ERK-, and P38-inhibitors showed that Stx2a-induced NETosis via the NOX-dependent pathway. Neutrophils from STEC-HUS patients in the acute phase showed less ROS and NETs formation compared to neutrophils of the recovery phase of the disease and in healthy controls. NETs induced by Stx2a may lead to the activation of endothelial cells, which might contribute to the manifestation of thrombotic microangiopathy in STEC-HUS.
Collapse
|
115
|
Xiang Y, Dai J, Xu L, Li X, Jiang J, Xu J. Research progress in immune microenvironment regulation of muscle atrophy induced by peripheral nerve injury. Life Sci 2021; 287:120117. [PMID: 34740577 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Denervated skeletal muscular atrophy is primarily characterized by loss of muscle strength and mass and an unideal functional recovery of the muscle after extended denervation. This review emphasizes the interaction between the immune system and the denervated skeletal muscle. Immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells are activated and migrate to denervated muscle, where they release a high concentration of cytokines and chemokines. The migration of these immune cells, the transformation of different functional immune cell subtypes, and the cytokine network in the immune microenvironment may be involved in the regulatory process of muscle atrophy or repair. However, the exact mechanisms of the interaction between these immune cells and immune molecules in skeletal muscles are unclear. In this paper, the immune microenvironment regulation of muscle atrophy induced by peripheral nerve injury is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxi Dai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Div Transplantat Immunol, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Yang B, Huang X, Xu S, Li L, Wu W, Dai Y, Ge MX, Yuan L, Cao W, Yang M, Wu Y, Deng D. Decreased miR-4512 Levels in Monocytes and Macrophages of Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Contribute to Innate Immune Activation and Neutrsophil NETosis by Targeting TLR4 and CXCL2. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756825. [PMID: 34721432 PMCID: PMC8552026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex etiology that is not yet entirely understood. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in SLE in a Tibetan population. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 5) were used for miRNA–mRNA co-sequencing to detect miRNAs related to immune abnormalities associated with SLE. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify potential targets of candidate miRNA. The target genes were verified in miRNA-agomir/antagomir transfection assays with multiple cells lines and by expression analysis. The effects of candidate miRNA on monocyte and macrophage activation were evaluated by multiple cytokine profiling. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation was analyzed in vitro by cell stimulation with supernatants of monocytes and macrophages transfected with candidate miRNA. The rodent MRL/lpr lupus model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CXCL2Ab on SLE and the regulation effect of immune disorders. Results Integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling identified miRNA-4512 as a candidate miRNA involved in the regulation of neutrophil activation and chemokine-related pathways. MiR-4512 expression was significantly reduced in monocytes and macrophages from SLE patients. MiR-4512 suppressed the TLR4 pathway by targeting TLR4 and CXCL2. Decreased monocyte and macrophage miR-4512 levels led to the expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Supernatants of miR-4512 antagomir-transfected monocytes and macrophages significantly promoted NETs formation (P < 0.05). Blocking of CXCL2 alleviated various pathogenic manifestations in MRL/lpr mice, including kidney damage and expression of immunological markers of SLE. Conclusions We here demonstrated the role of miR-4512 in innate immunity regulation in SLE. The effect of miR-4512 involves the regulation of monocytes, macrophages, and NETs formation by direct targeting of TLR4 and CXCL2, indicating the miR-4512-TLR4-CXCL2 axis as a potential novel therapeutic target in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kuming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangyan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Kunming, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Dai Medicine College, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Dermatology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Yunjia Dai
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Dermatology, Panlong District People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Xia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenting Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongzhuo Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Danqi Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3125-3139. [PMID: 34031543 PMCID: PMC8142290 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs, occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is paramount to define the mechanisms and develop protective therapies to prevent organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Individuals that develop severe manifestations have signs of dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence implicates neutrophils and the disbalance between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, coagulopathy, organ damage, and immunothrombosis that characterize severe cases of COVID-19. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NETs in COVID-19 manifestations and present putative mechanisms, by which NETs promote tissue injury and immunothrombosis. We present therapeutic strategies, which have been successful in the treatment of immunο-inflammatory disorders and which target dysregulated NET formation or degradation, as potential approaches that may benefit patients with severe COVID-19.
Collapse
|
118
|
Porritt RA, Binek A, Paschold L, Rivas MN, McArdle A, Yonker LM, Alter G, Chandnani HK, Lopez M, Fasano A, Van Eyk JE, Binder M, Arditi M. The autoimmune signature of hyperinflammatory multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151520. [PMID: 34437303 PMCID: PMC8516454 DOI: 10.1172/jci151520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) manifests as a severe and uncontrolled inflammatory response with multiorgan involvement, occurring weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we utilized proteomics, RNA sequencing, autoantibody arrays, and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis to characterize MIS-C immunopathogenesis and identify factors contributing to severe manifestations and intensive care unit admission. Inflammation markers, humoral immune responses, neutrophil activation, and complement and coagulation pathways were highly enriched in MIS-C patient serum, with a more hyperinflammatory profile in severe than in mild MIS-C cases. We identified a strong autoimmune signature in MIS-C, with autoantibodies targeted to both ubiquitously expressed and tissue-specific antigens, suggesting autoantigen release and excessive antigenic drive may result from systemic tissue damage. We further identified a cluster of patients with enhanced neutrophil responses as well as high anti-Spike IgG and autoantibody titers. BCR sequencing of these patients identified a strong imprint of antigenic drive with substantial BCR sequence connectivity and usage of autoimmunity-associated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) genes. This cluster was linked to a TRBV11-2 expanded T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, consistent with previous studies indicating a superantigen-driven pathogenic process. Overall, we identify a combination of pathogenic pathways that culminate in MIS-C and may inform treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Porritt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Angela McArdle
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lael M. Yonker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Merrick Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Hospital, California, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences and
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Jo HM, Ahn C, Kim H, Kang BT, Jeung EB, Yang MP. Effect of quercetin on formation of porcine neutrophil extracellular trap. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 241:110335. [PMID: 34627080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is an immune response to the invasion of external microorganisms. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid family found in fruits and vegetables, has been examined in multiple biological contexts. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of quercetin on porcine NET formation. We measured NET formation by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) using propidium iodide (PI) dye. The amount of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA, and TNF-α mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR. Direct treatment of PMNs with quercetin did not affect NET formation; however, NET formation was inhibited by exposure to culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with quercetin. By contrast, culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced high levels of NET formation of PMNs, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with LPS and quercetin. In addition, treatment of PMNs with recombinant porcine (rp) TNF-α induced high levels of NET formation. PBMCs treated with LPS increased higher levels of TNF-α mRNA and protein, but this effect was weakened when they were co-treated with quercetin. These findings indicated that quercetin inhibits NET formation of PMNs by suppressing production of TNF-α from LPS-stimulated PBMCs. These results suggest that quercetin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, mediated by down-regulation of TNF-α production from LPS-stimulated PBMCs, which inhibits NET formation in PMNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Jo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Angeletti A, Volpi S, Bruschi M, Lugani F, Vaglio A, Prunotto M, Gattorno M, Schena F, Verrina E, Ravelli A, Ghiggeri GM. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-DNase Balance and Autoimmunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102667. [PMID: 34685647 PMCID: PMC8534732 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are macromolecular structures programmed to trap circulating bacteria and viruses. The accumulation of NETs in the circulation correlates with the formation of anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies and is considered a causative factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The digestion of DNA by DNase1 and DNases1L3 is the rate- limiting factor for NET accumulation. Mutations occurring in one of these two DNase genes determine anti-DNA formation and are associated with severe Lupus-like syndromes and lupus nephritis (LN). A second mechanism that may lead to DNase functional impairment is the presence of circulating DNase inhibitors in patients with low DNase activity, or the generation of anti-DNase antibodies. This phenomenon has been described in a relevant number of patients with SLE and may represent an important mechanism determining autoimmunity flares. On the basis of the reviewed studies, it is tempting to suppose that the blockade or selective depletion of anti-DNase autoantibodies could represent a potential novel therapeutic approach to prevent or halt SLE and LN. In general, strategies aimed at reducing NET formation might have a similar impact on the progression of SLE and LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeletti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (M.G.); (F.S.); (A.R.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno Infantili, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Lugani
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Marco Prunotto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (M.G.); (F.S.); (A.R.)
- Clinics of Pediatrics and Rheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Schena
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (M.G.); (F.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Enrico Verrina
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Angelo Ravelli
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (M.G.); (F.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaLargo Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Tian J, Huang T, Chang S, Wang Y, Fan W, Ji H, Wang J, Yang J, Kang J, Zhou Y. Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate mediated signalling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106584. [PMID: 34352381 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by the malfunction of the immune system and the persistent presence of an inflammatory environment. Multiple organs can be affected during SLE, leading to heterogeneous manifestations, which eventually result in the death of patients. Due to the lack of understanding regarding the pathogenesis of SLE, the currently available treatments remain suboptimal. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a central bioactive lipid of sphingolipid metabolism, which serves a pivotal role in regulating numerous physiological and pathological processes. As a well-recognized regulator of lymphocyte trafficking, S1P has been shown to be closely associated with autoimmune diseases, including SLE. Importantly, S1P levels have been found to be elevated in patients with SLE. In murine models of lupus, the increased levels of S1P also contribute to disease activity and organ impairment. Moreover, data from several studies also support the hypothesis that S1P receptors and its producer-sphingosine kinases (SPHK) may serve as the potential targets for the treatment of SLE and its co-morbidities. Given the significant success that intervening with S1P signaling has achieved in treating multiple sclerosis, further exploration of its role in SLE is necessary. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in understanding the potential mechanism by which S1P influences SLE, with a primary focus on its role in immune regulation and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Taiping Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sijia Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - He Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Mutua V, Gershwin LJ. A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:194-211. [PMID: 32740860 PMCID: PMC7395212 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to a variety of stimuli. NETosis is driven by protein-arginine deiminase type 4, with the release of intracellular granule components that function by capturing and destroying microbes, including viral, fungal, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens. The positive effects of pathogen control are countered by pro-inflammatory effects as demonstrated in a variety of diseases. Components of NETS are non-specific, and other than controlling microbes, they cause injury to surrounding tissue by themselves or by increasing the pro-inflammatory response. NETs can play a role in enhancement of the inflammation seen in autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosis. In addition, autoinflammatory diseases such as gout have been associated with NETosis. Inhibition of NETs may decrease the severity of many diseases improving survival. Herein, we describe NETosis in different diseases focusing on the detrimental effect of NETs and outline possible therapeutics that can be used to mitigate netosis. There is a need for more studies and clinical trials on these and other compounds that could prevent or destroy NETs, thereby decreasing damage to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mutua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Laurel J Gershwin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Increased levels of NETosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms are not linked to thrombotic events. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3515-3527. [PMID: 34464975 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are mainly determined by thromboembolic complications. Thrombus formation is facilitated by a neutrophil-specific form of cell death linked to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis). Preclinical and clinical data suggested a potential link between NETosis and thrombosis in MPNs. In this study, we aimed to define the impact of NETosis on clinical end points in a large MPN cohort. NETosis was induced in vitro by ionomycin and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based nucleosome release assays as well as fluorescent staining of free DNA in samples from 103 MPN patients and 28 healthy donors. NETosis rate was correlated with a broad set of clinical data, such as MPN subtype, mutational status, laboratory variables, history of thrombotic events, and treatment types. Triggered NETosis levels were clearly higher in MPN patients than in healthy donors. Positivity for JAK2 V617F or exon 12 as well as CALR mutations correlate with increased NET formation. However, neither JAK2 allelic burden nor history of thromboembolic complication nor the presence of other risk factors for thrombosis (eg, leukocytosis) were associated with the rate of NETosis. In addition, none of the analyzed laboratory parameters nor the type of treatment significantly impacted the rate of NETosis formation. The biology of MPNs has an impact on NET formation because genetic driver mutations favor induction of NETosis, but this does not seems to translate into important clinical end points such as thromboembolic complications. Therefore, NETosis may play a role in facilitating thrombosis, but it is not a sole causative determinant in MPN-associated thrombophilia.
Collapse
|
124
|
Cahilog Z, Zhao H, Wu L, Alam A, Eguchi S, Weng H, Ma D. The Role of Neutrophil NETosis in Organ Injury: Novel Inflammatory Cell Death Mechanisms. Inflammation 2021; 43:2021-2032. [PMID: 32830308 PMCID: PMC7443373 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NETosis is a type of regulated cell death dependent on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), where net-like structures of decondensed chromatin and proteases are produced by polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocytes. These structures immobilise pathogens and restrict them with antimicrobial molecules, thus preventing their spread. Whilst NETs possess a fundamental anti-microbial function within the innate immune system under physiological circumstances, increasing evidence also indicates that NETosis occurs in the pathogenic process of other disease type, including but not limited to atherosclerosis, airway inflammation, Alzheimer’s and stroke. Here, we reviewed the role of NETosis in the development of organ injury, including injury to the brain, lung, heart, kidney, musculoskeletal system, gut and reproductive system, whilst therapeutic agents in blocking injuries induced by NETosis in its primitive stages were also discussed. This review provides novel insights into the involvement of NETosis in different organ injuries, and whilst potential therapeutic measures targeting NETosis remain a largely unexplored area, these warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cahilog
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Shiori Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ni Y, Hu BC, Wu GH, Shao ZQ, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Jin J, Hong J, Yang XH, Sun RH, Liu JQ, Mo SJ. Interruption of neutrophil extracellular traps formation dictates host defense and tubular HOXA5 stability to augment efficacy of anti-Fn14 therapy against septic AKI. Theranostics 2021; 11:9431-9451. [PMID: 34646379 PMCID: PMC8490525 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive, inflammatory microenvironment orchestrated by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) plays a principal role in pathogenesis of sepsis. Fibroblast growth factor-inducible molecule 14 (Fn14) has been established as a potential target for septic acute kidney injury (AKI), making further therapeutic benefits from combined NETs and Fn14 blockade possible. Methods: The concurrence of NETs and Fn14 in mice and patients with septic AKI were assessed by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in silico studies. Survival, histopathological and biochemical analyses of wild-type and PAD4-deficient CMV-Cre; PAD4 fl/fl mice with septic AKI were applied to evaluate the efficacy of either pharmacological or genetic NETs interruption in combination with Fn14 blockade. Molecular mechanisms underlying such effects were determined by CRISPR technology, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), cycloheximide (CHX) pulse-chase, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results: NETs formation is concurred with Fn14 upregulation in murine AKI models of abdominal, endotoxemic, multidrug-resistant sepsis as well as in serum samples of patients with septic AKI. Pharmacological or genetic interruption of NETs formation synergizes with ITEM-2, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) of Fn14, to prolong mice survival and provide renal protection against abdominal sepsis, the effects that could be abrogated by elimination of macrophages. Interrupting NETs formation predominantly perpetuates infiltration and survival of efferocytic growth arrest-specific protein 6+ (GAS6+) macrophages in combination with ITEM-2 therapy and enhances transcription of tubular cell-intrinsic Fn14 in a DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a)-independent manner through dismantling the proteasomes-mediated turnover of homeobox protein Hox-A5 (HOXA5) upon abdominal sepsis challenge or LPS stimuli. Pharmacological NETs interruption potentiates the anti-septic AKI efficacy of ITEM-2 in murine models of endotoxemic and multidrug-resistant sepsis. Conclusion: Our preclinical data propose that interrupting NETs formation in combination with Fn14 mAb might be a feasible therapeutic strategy for septic AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ni
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Chuan Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Wu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Qiang Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Hua Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Munir H, Lu TT. T2B or not to B: Calming neutrophils offshore. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20211407. [PMID: 34374712 PMCID: PMC8357534 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of JEM, Podstawka et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210409) show that B cells can limit neutrophil responses within the lung microvasculature by marginating and acting on marginated neutrophils. This study provides a new view of B cells and reveals a novel mechanism of cell-mediated intravascular regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Munir
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Theresa T. Lu
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Albert D. Are autoimmune diseases autoinflammatory: Is it time to change the paradigm? Lupus 2021; 30:1722-1724. [PMID: 34467788 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211038931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm that autoimmune diseases are abberations in the adaptive immune system is over 50 years old, but recent data suggest a multitude of abnormalities in the innate immune system in lupus and other autoimmune diseases. This viewpoint elaborates the reasons that I think it is time to reexamine this paradigm and shift our research focus to the innate immune system in lupus and other prototypic autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Albert
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Dartmouth Institute, Lebanon, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Chen C, Huang T, Zhai X, Ma Y, Xie L, Lu B, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen Z, Yin J, Li P. Targeting neutrophils as a novel therapeutic strategy after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2150-2161. [PMID: 33691513 PMCID: PMC8393299 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is followed by an intricate immune interaction involving the engagement of multiple immune cells, including neutrophils. As one of the first responders recruited to the brain, the crucial roles of neutrophils in the ischemic brain damage are receiving increasing attention in recent years. Notably, neutrophils are not homogenous, and yet there is still a lack of full knowledge about the extent and impact of neutrophil heterogeneity. The biological understanding of the neutrophil response to both innate and pathological conditions is rapidly evolving as single-cell-RNA sequencing uncovers overall neutrophil profiling across maturation and differentiation contexts. In this review, we scrutinize the latest research that points to the multifaceted role of neutrophils in different conditions and summarize the regulatory signals that may determine neutrophil diversity. In addition, we list several potential targets or therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils to limit brain damage following ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhu Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yezhi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiemin Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
John EE, Thomas A, Eapen JJ, Yusuf S, Roy S, Valson AT, David VG, Varughese S, Alexander S. Latency, Anti-Bacterial Resistance Pattern, and Bacterial Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:1210-1220. [PMID: 34099500 PMCID: PMC8455032 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.18631120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bacterial infection-related GN occurs concurrent to or after known or unknown infections. It is important to understand the clinical implications of the bacterial isolates, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and effect of latency-based classification on kidney and patient outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In total, 501 consecutive adults diagnosed with bacterial infection-related GN between 2005 and 2017 were included from a biopsy registry of 15,545 patients at a single center in South India, and follow-up data were collected from electronic medical records until December 2019. Latency was defined as time between resolution of infection and onset of GN, which was classified as parainfectious, peri-infectious, or postinfectious GN. Longitudinal kidney and patient outcomes were studied. RESULTS The mean age of the cohort was 40 (± 15) years, 6% were above 65 years, and 330 (66%) were men. Diabetes was present in 93 (19%) patients. Seventy percent (353 of 501) of patients had known infections, with the median latent period for parainfectious (115 of 353, 33%), peri-infectious (97 of 353, 27%), and postinfectious (141 of 353, 40%) GN being 0, 5 (4-7), and 15 (10-31) days, respectively. The most common predisposing organism was Streptococcus pyogenes (137 of 353, 39%). Drug-resistant nonstreptococcal bacteria were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (25%, four of 16), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (20%, 12 of 59), and carbapenem-resistant organisms (10%, six of 59). Twenty of 22 (91%) of the drug-resistant organisms were isolated from the parainfectious group. The most common site of infection was skin in peri- (23 of 97, 24%) and postinfectious GN (61 of 141, 43%), and urinary tract in parainfectious GN (35 of 115, 30%). Of 321 patients with >3 months of follow-up, 48 (15%) developed kidney failure over a median period of 10 (2-37) months and 14 (4%) died. Parainfectious GN, eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and nontreatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers were significant risk factors for progression to kidney failure by a Cox proportional-hazards model. CONCLUSIONS Along with clinical and histologic predictors, parainfectious GN caused predominantly by nonstreptococcal and drug-resistant bacterial infections was associated with poor kidney prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Athul Thomas
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Sabina Yusuf
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sanjeet Roy
- Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Anna T. Valson
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
A Review of the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) from Cow, Sheep and Goat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158046. [PMID: 34360812 PMCID: PMC8347029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the importance of understanding NETosis in cows, sheep, and goats in light of the importance to their health, welfare and use as animal models. Neutrophils are essential to innate immunity, pathogen infection, and inflammatory diseases. The relevance of NETosis as a conserved innate immune response mechanism and the translational implications for public health are presented. Increased understanding of NETosis in ruminants will contribute to the prediction of pathologies and design of strategic interventions targeting NETs. This will help to control pathogens such as coronaviruses and inflammatory diseases such as mastitis that impact all mammals, including humans. Definition of unique attributes of NETosis in ruminants, in comparison to what has been observed in humans, has significant translational implications for one health and global food security, and thus warrants further study.
Collapse
|
131
|
Deng Y, Zheng Y, Li D, Hong Q, Zhang M, Li Q, Fu B, Wu L, Wang X, Shen W, Zhang Y, Chang J, Song K, Liu X, Shang S, Cai G, Chen X. Expression characteristics of interferon-stimulated genes and possible regulatory mechanisms in lupus patients using transcriptomics analyses. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103477. [PMID: 34284174 PMCID: PMC8318865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type I interferon signature is one of the most important features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which indicates an active immune response to antigen invasion. Characteristics of type I interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in SLE patients have not been well described thus far. Methods We analyzed 35,842 cells of PBMC single-cell RNA sequencing data of five SLE patients and three healthy controls. Thereafter, 178 type I ISGs among DEGs of all cell clusters were screened based on the Interferome Database and AUCell package was used for ISGs activity calculation. To determine whether common ISG features exist in PBMCs and kidneys of patients with SLE, we analyzed kidney transcriptomic data from patients with lupus nephritis (LN) from the GEO database. MRL/lpr mice model were used to verify our findings. Findings We found that monocytes, B cells, dendritic cells, and granulocytes were significantly increased in SLE patients, while subsets of T cells were significantly decreased. Neutrophils and low-density granulocytes (LDGs) exhibited the highest ISG activity. GO and pathway enrichment analyses showed that DEGs focused on leukocyte activation, cell secretion, and pathogen infection. Thirty-one common ISGs were found expressed in both PBMCs and kidneys; these ISGs were also most active in neutrophils and LDGs. Transcription factors including PLSCR1, TCF4, IRF9 and STAT1 were found to be associated to ISGs expression. Consistently, we found granulocyte infiltration in the kidneys of MRL/lpr mice. Granulocyte inhibitor Avacopan reduced granulocyte infiltration and reversed renal conditions in MRL/lpr mice. Interpretation This study shows for the first time, the use of the AUCell method to describe ISG activity of granulocytes in SLE patients. Moreover, Avacopan may serve as a granulocyte inhibitor for treatment of lupus patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Deng
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Delun Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qinggang Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wanjun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiakai Chang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kangkang Song
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunlai Shang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Asgarzade A, Ziyabakhsh A, Asghariazar V, Safarzadeh E. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Important communicators in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and its potential therapeutic significance. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:782-790. [PMID: 34272089 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a recognized chronic condition associated with immune system disorders that affect women nine times more commonly than men. SLE is characterized by over-secretion and release of autoantibodies in response to different cellular compartments and self-tolerance breaks to its own antigens. The detailed immunological dysregulation as an associated event that elicits the onset of clinical manifestations of SLE has not been clarified yet. Though, research using several animal models in the last two decades has indicated the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of this disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as heterogeneous myeloid cells, are responsible for severe pathological conditions, including infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, by exerting considerable immunosuppressive effects on T-cells responses. It has been reported that these cells are involved in the regulation process of the immune response in several autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE. The function of MDSC is deleterious in infection and cancer diseases, though their role is more complicated in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the role and function of MDSCs in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE and its possible therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asgarzade
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Ziyabakhsh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Vega-Roman C, Leal-Cortes C, Portilla-de Buen E, Gomez-Navarro B, Melo Z, Franco-Acevedo A, Medina-Perez M, Jalomo-Martinez B, Martinez-Martinez P, Evangelista-Carrillo LA, Cerrillos-Gutierrez JI, Andrade-Sierra J, Nieves JJ, Gone-Vazquez I, Escobedo-Ruiz A, Jave-Suarez LF, Luquin S, Echavarria R. Impact of transplantation on neutrophil extracellular trap formation in patients with end-stage renal disease: A single-center, prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26595. [PMID: 34232209 PMCID: PMC8270590 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Increased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation associates with high cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the effect of transplantation on NETs and its associated markers remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize circulating citrullinated Histone H3 (H3cit) and Peptidyl Arginase Deiminase 4 (PAD4) in ESRD patients undergoing transplantation and evaluate the ability of their neutrophils to release NETs.This prospective cohort study included 80 healthy donors and 105 ESRD patients, out of which 95 received a transplant. H3cit and PAD4 circulating concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in healthy donors and ESRD patients at the time of enrollment. An additional measurement was carried out within the first 6 months after transplant surgery. In vitro NET formation assays were performed in neutrophils isolated from healthy donors, ESRD patients, and transplant recipients.H3cit and PAD4 levels were significantly higher in ESRD patients (H3cit, 14.38 ng/mL [5.78-27.13]; PAD4, 3.22 ng/mL [1.21-6.82]) than healthy donors (H3cit, 6.45 ng/mL [3.30-11.65], P < .0001; PAD4, 2.0 ng/mL [0.90-3.18], P = .0076). H3cit, but not PAD4, increased after transplantation, with 44.2% of post-transplant patients exhibiting high levels (≥ 27.1 ng/mL). In contrast, NET release triggered by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was higher in neutrophils from ESRD patients (70.0% [52.7-94.6]) than healthy donors (32.2% [24.9-54.9], P < .001) and transplant recipients (19.5% [3.5-65.7], P < .05).The restoration of renal function due to transplantation could not reduce circulating levels of H3cit and PAD4 in ESRD patients. Furthermore, circulating H3cit levels were significantly increased after transplantation. Neutrophils from transplant recipients exhibit a reduced ability to form NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Citlalin Vega-Roman
- Physiology Department, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Caridad Leal-Cortes
- Surgical Research Division, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eliseo Portilla-de Buen
- Surgical Research Division, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Gomez-Navarro
- Transplantation Unit, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Zesergio Melo
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Medina-Perez
- Transplantation Unit, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Basilio Jalomo-Martinez
- Transplantation Unit, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Petra Martinez-Martinez
- Transplantation Unit, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Andrade-Sierra
- Transplantation Unit, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan J. Nieves
- Transplantation Unit, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Isis Gone-Vazquez
- Clinical Laboratory, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Araceli Escobedo-Ruiz
- Clinical Laboratory, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suarez
- Immunology Division, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Luquin
- Neuroscience Department, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Raquel Echavarria
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Nakabo S, Romo-Tena J, Kaplan MJ. Neutrophils as Drivers of Immune Dysregulation in Autoimmune Diseases with Skin Manifestations. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:823-833. [PMID: 34253374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation in the phenotype and function of neutrophils may play important roles in the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune responses, including conditions affecting the skin. Neutrophils can have local and systemic effects on innate and adaptive immune cells as well as on resident cells in the skin, including keratinocytes (KCs). Aberrant formation/clearance of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory diseases have been associated with the externalization of modified autoantigens in peripheral blood and tissues. NETs can impact the function of many cells, including macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and KCs. Emerging evidence has unveiled the pathogenic key roles of neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and other chronic inflammatory conditions. As such, neutrophil-targeting strategies represent promising therapeutic options for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Nakabo
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge Romo-Tena
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Medical Science PhD Program, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Purkerson JM, Corley JL, Schwartz GJ. Metabolic acidosis exacerbates pyelonephritis in mice prone to vesicoureteral reflux. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14525. [PMID: 33030238 PMCID: PMC7543054 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pyelonephritis is a common, serious bacterial infection in children. The prevalence of acute pyelonephritis is due at least in part to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Although an association between abnormalities in electrolyte and acid–base balance and pyelonephritis is common in young children, the impact of metabolic acidosis (MA) on progression of acute pyelonephritis is not fully understood. In this study, the effect of MA on pyelonephritis was studied in C3H mouse strains prone to VUR. MA induced by ammonium chloride supplementation in food specifically impaired clearance of urinary tract infection with uropathogenic Escherichia. coli (UPEC‐UTI) in innate immune competent C3H strains (HeOuJ, HeN), whereas kidney UPEC burden in Tlr‐4‐deficient HeJ mice was unaffected. Antibody‐mediated depletion of myeloid cells (monocytes, neutrophil) markedly increased UPEC burden in the bladder and kidney confirming the pivotal role of neutrophils and tissue‐resident macrophages in clearance of UPEC‐UTI. MA concurrent with UPEC‐UTI markedly increased expression of cytokine (TNFα, IL‐1β, IL‐6) and chemokine (CXCL 1, 2, and 5) mRNA in isolated kidney CD cells and kidney neutrophil infiltrates were increased four‐ to fivefold compared to normal, UPEC‐infected mice. Thus, MA intensified pyelonephritis and increased the risk of kidney injury by impairing clearance of UPEC‐UTI and potentiating renal inflammation characterized by an elevated kidney neutrophil infiltrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Purkerson
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Strong Children's Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Janine L Corley
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Strong Children's Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - George J Schwartz
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Strong Children's Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:2611-2619. [PMID: 33733315 PMCID: PMC7968918 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The manifestations of COVID-19 have been evolving over time. Various post-COVID-19 syndromes are being recognised. Various viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and we expect a similar outcome with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 virus penetrates various tissues and organs and has a predisposition to lead to endotheliitis that may cause vascular manifestations including thrombosis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to activate Toll-like receptors and the complement system. It perpetuates NETosis and leads to autoantibody formation. These predispose to systemic autoimmunity. Both reactive arthritis and connective tissue disorders such as lupus and inflammatory myositis have been reported after COVID-19. Other reported autoimmune disorders include haemolytic anaemia, immune thrombocytopenia, cutaneous vasculitis, and Guillain Barré-like acute demyelinating disorders. The multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children and its adult counterpart are another post-COVID-19 entity that presents as an admixture of Kawasaki disease and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. Patients with preexisting rheumatic diseases may flare during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. They may develop novel autoimmune features also. The immune-suppressants used during the acute COVID-19 illness may confound the outcomes whereas comorbidities present in patients with rheumatic diseases may mask them. There is an urgent need to follow-up patients recovering from COVID and monitor autoantibody production in the context of rheumatic manifestations. Key Points • COVID-19 is associated with both innate and acquired immune reactions and production of various autoantibodies. • Various immune-mediated manifestations such as arthritis, myositis, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute demyelination may develop after COVID-19. • Longitudinal cohort data are warranted to describe, predict, and test prevent various rheumatic manifestations in post-COVID-19 subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakir Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Olena Zimba
- Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Pensnett Road, Dudley, West Midlands DY1 2HQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Ahmed SBM, Hannawi S, Hamoudi R, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Enhanced Expression of Autoantigens During SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686462. [PMID: 34276672 PMCID: PMC8278821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is disturbed during severe viral infections, which can lead to loss of tolerance to self-peptides and result in short- or long-term autoimmunity. Using publicly available transcriptomic datasets, we conducted an in-silico analyses to evaluate the expression levels of 52 autoantigens, known to be associated with 24 autoimmune diseases, during SAR-CoV-2 infection. Seven autoantigens (MPO, PRTN3, PADI4, IFIH1, TRIM21, PTPRN2, and TSHR) were upregulated in whole blood samples. MPO and TSHR were overexpressed in both lung autopsies and whole blood tissue and were associated with more severe COVID-19. Neutrophil activation derived autoantigens (MPO, PRTN3, and PADI4) were prominently increased in blood of both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 viral infections, while TSHR and PTPRN2 autoantigens were specifically increased in SARS-CoV-2. Using single-cell dataset from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we observed an upregulation of MPO, PRTN3, and PADI4 autoantigens within the low-density neutrophil subset. To validate our in-silico analysis, we measured plasma protein levels of two autoantigens, MPO and PRTN3, in severe and asymptomatic COVID-19. The protein levels of these two autoantigens were significantly upregulated in more severe COVID-19 infections. In conclusion, the immunopathology and severity of COVID-19 could result in transient autoimmune activation. Longitudinal follow-up studies of confirmed cases of COVID-19 could determine the enduring effects of viral infection including development of autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samrein B M Ahmed
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Department of Rheumatology, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Reduced neutrophil granular proteins and post-treatment modulation in tuberculous lymphadenitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253534. [PMID: 34153068 PMCID: PMC8216526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils are important for host innate immune defense and mediate inflammatory responses. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with increased neutrophil granular protein (NGP) levels in the circulation. However, the systemic levels of neutrophil granular proteins were not examined in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) disease. Methods We measured the systemic levels of NGP (myeloperoxidase [MPO], elastase and proteinase 3 [PRTN3]) in TBL and compared them to latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy control (HC) individuals. We also measured the pre-treatment (Pre-T) and post-treatment (Post-T) systemic levels of neutrophil granular proteins in TBL individuals upon anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) completion. In addition, we studied the correlation and discriminatory ability of NGPs using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results Our data suggests that systemic levels of NGPs (MPO, PRTN3, elastase) were significantly reduced in TBL individuals compared to LTB and HC individuals. Similarly, after ATT, the plasma levels of MPO and elastase but not PRTN3 were significantly elevated compared to pre-treatment levels. NGPs (except PRTN3) were positively correlated with absolute neutrophil count of TBL, LTB and HC individuals. Further, NGPs were able to significantly discriminate TBL from LTB and HC individuals. Conclusion Hence, we conclude reduced neutrophil granular protein levels might be associated with disease pathogenesis in TBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Wilson A, Velasco CA, Herbert GW, Lucas SN, Sanchez BN, Cerrato JM, Spilde M, Li QZ, Campen MJ, Zychowski KE. Mine-site derived particulate matter exposure exacerbates neurological and pulmonary inflammatory outcomes in an autoimmune mouse model. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:503-517. [PMID: 33682625 PMCID: PMC8052313 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1891488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Southwestern United States has a legacy of industrial mining due to the presence of rich mineral ore deposits. The relationship between environmental inhaled particulate matter (PM) exposures and neurological outcomes within an autoimmune context is understudied. The aim of this study was to compare two regionally-relevant dusts from high-priority abandoned mine-sites, Claim 28 PM, from Blue Gap Tachee, AZ and St. Anthony mine PM, from the Pueblo of Laguna, NM and to expose autoimmune-prone mice (NZBWF1/J). Mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 8/group): DM (dispersion media, control), Claim 28 PM, or St. Anthony PM, subjected to oropharyngeal aspiration of (100 µg/50 µl), once per week for a total of 4 consecutive doses. A battery of immunological and neurological endpoints was assessed at 24 weeks of age including: bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts, lung gene expression, brain immunohistochemistry, behavioral tasks and serum autoimmune biomarkers. Bronchoalveolar lavage results demonstrated a significant increase in number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils following Claim 28 and St. Anthony mine PM aspiration. Lung mRNA expression showed significant upregulation in CCL-2 and IL-1ß following St. Anthony mine PM aspiration. In addition, neuroinflammation was present in both Claim 28 and St. Anthony mine-site derived PM exposure groups. Behavioral tasks resulted in significant deficits as determined by Y-maze new arm frequency following Claim 28 aspiration. Neutrophil elastase was significantly upregulated in the St. Anthony mine exposure group. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in serum autoantigens suggesting systemic inflammatory effects may be mediated through other molecular mechanisms following low-dose PM exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Carmen A. Velasco
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ritter s/n & Bolivia, Quito 17-01-3972, Ecuador
| | - Guy W. Herbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Selita N. Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Bethany N. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - José M. Cerrato
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Michael Spilde
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2040, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Microarray Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Katherine E. Zychowski
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Skoglund C, Appelgren D, Johansson I, Casas R, Ludvigsson J. Increase of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear DNA in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Children but Not in High-Risk Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628564. [PMID: 34211456 PMCID: PMC8239297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are inflammatory mediators involved in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Pancreas-infiltrating neutrophils can release NETs, contributing to the inflammatory process. Levels of NETs are increased in serum from patients with T1D and mtDNA is increased in adult T1D patients. Our aim was to investigate extracellular DNA (NETs, mtDNA and nuclear DNA) in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in children at high risk of the disease. We also elucidated if extracellular DNA short after diagnosis could predict loss of endogenous insulin production. Samples were analysed for mtDNA and nuclear DNA using droplet digital PCR and NETs were assessed by a NET-remnants ELISA. In addition, in vitro assays for induction and degradation of NETs, as well as analyses of neutrophil elastase, HLA genotypes, levels of c-peptide, IL-1beta, IFN and autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA and ZnT8A) were performed. In serum from children 10 days after T1D onset there was an increase in NETs (p=0.007), mtDNA (p<0.001) and nuclear DNA (p<0.001) compared to healthy children. The elevated levels were found only in younger children. In addition, mtDNA increased in consecutive samples short after onset (p=0.017). However, levels of extracellular DNA short after onset did not reflect future loss of endogenous insulin production. T1D serum induced NETs in vitro and did not deviate in the ability to degrade NETs. HLA genotypes and autoantibodies, except for ZnT8A, were not associated with extracellular DNA in T1D children. Serum from children with high risk of T1D showed fluctuating levels of extracellular DNA, sometimes increased compared to healthy children. Therefore, extracellular DNA in serum from autoantibody positive high-risk children does not seem to be a suitable biomarker candidate for prediction of T1D. In conclusion, we found increased levels of extracellular DNA in children with newly diagnosed T1D, which might be explained by an ongoing systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Skoglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Appelgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingela Johansson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rosaura Casas
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Kraus RF, Gruber MA, Kieninger M. The influence of extracellular tissue on neutrophil function and its possible linkage to inflammatory diseases. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1237-1251. [PMID: 34115923 PMCID: PMC8589351 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and NETosis are functional immunological reactions of elementary importance for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Unregulated inflammatory response of PMN within tissues plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. However, little is known about the behavior of PMN after migration through blood vessel walls. Therefore, we investigated the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on PMN function. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established an in vitro chemotaxis model of type I and III collagen, fibrin, and herbal agarose tissues using µ-slide chemotaxis devices and N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). PMN within the matrices were assessed with a fluorescent time-lapse microscope for live-cell imaging. RESULTS PMN function was obviously influenced by the ECM. Type III collagen had an inhibitory effect on PMN migration regarding track length, direction, and targeting. Type III collagen also had an accelerating effect on neutrophil ROS production. Agarose had an inhibitory effect on MPO release and fibrin a retarding effect on NETosis. CONCLUSION Because of the high abundance of type III collagen in lung and skin matrices, the interaction of PMN with the respective matrix could be an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Kraus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Gruber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kieninger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Abstract
Endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an extremely severe syndrome identified by global activation of inflammatory responses. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the development of endotoxemia. Histone hypercitrullination catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) is a key step of NET formation. We have previously demonstrated that simultaneous inhibition of PAD2 and PAD4 with pan-PAD inhibitors can decrease NETosis and improve survival in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxic shock. However, the effects of PAD2 specific inhibition during NETosis and endotoxic shock are poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the specific PAD2 or PAD4 inhibitor on LPS-induced endotoxic shock in mice. We found that PAD2 inhibition but not PAD4 inhibition improves survival. Also, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and NETosis were significantly reduced by PAD2 inhibitor. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time that PAD2 inhibition can reduce NETosis, decrease inflammatory cytokine production, and protect against endotoxin-induced lethality. Our findings provided a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endotoxic shock.
Collapse
|
143
|
TcpC inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation by enhancing ubiquitination mediated degradation of peptidylarginine deiminase 4. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3481. [PMID: 34108482 PMCID: PMC8190435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TcpC is a multifunctional virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) is a crucial anti-infection mechanism of neutrophils. Here we show the influence of TcpC on NETosis and related mechanisms. We show NETosis in the context of a pyelonephritis mouse model induced by TcpC-secreting wild-type E. coli CFT073 (CFT073wt) and LPS-induced in vitro NETosis with CFT073wt or recombinant TcpC (rTcpC)-treated neutrophils are inhibited. rTcpC enters neutrophils through caveolin-mediated endocytosis and inhibits LPS-induced production of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines and protein but not mRNA levels of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). rTcpC treatment enhances PAD4 ubiquitination and accumulation in proteasomes. Moreover, in vitro ubiquitination kit analyses show that TcpC is a PAD4-targetd E3 ubiquitin-ligase. These data suggest that TcpC inhibits NETosis primarily by serving as an E3 ligase that promotes degradation of PAD4. Our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying TcpC-mediated innate immune evasion.
Collapse
|
144
|
Nakazawa D, Kudo T. Novel Therapeutic Strategy Based on Neutrophil Subset and Its Function in Autoimmune Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684886. [PMID: 34163363 PMCID: PMC8215496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Nakazawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Chirivi RGS, van Rosmalen JWG, van der Linden M, Euler M, Schmets G, Bogatkevich G, Kambas K, Hahn J, Braster Q, Soehnlein O, Hoffmann MH, Es HHGV, Raats JMH. Therapeutic ACPA inhibits NET formation: a potential therapy for neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1528-1544. [PMID: 32203195 PMCID: PMC8166830 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is associated with disease severity and contributes to tissue injury, followed by severe organ damage. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of NET release reduces pathology in multiple inflammatory disease models, indicating that NETs are potential therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate using a preclinical basket approach that our therapeutic anti-citrullinated protein antibody (tACPA) has broad therapeutic potential. Treatment with tACPA prevents disease symptoms in various mouse models with plausible NET-mediated pathology, including inflammatory arthritis (IA), pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. We show that citrulline residues in the N-termini of histones 2A and 4 are specific targets for therapeutic intervention, whereas antibodies against other N-terminal post-translational histone modifications have no therapeutic effects. Because citrullinated histones are generated during NET release, we investigated the ability of tACPA to inhibit NET formation. tACPA suppressed NET release from human neutrophils triggered with physiologically relevant human disease-related stimuli. Moreover, tACPA diminished NET release and potentially initiated NET uptake by macrophages in vivo, which was associated with reduced tissue damage in the joints of a chronic arthritis mouse model of IA. To our knowledge, we are the first to describe an antibody with NET-inhibiting properties and thereby propose tACPA as a drug candidate for NET-mediated inflammatory diseases, as it eliminates the noxious triggers that lead to continued inflammation and tissue damage in a multidimensional manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato G S Chirivi
- ModiQuest B.V., Oss, The Netherlands.
- Citryll B.V., Oss, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Maximilien Euler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Galina Bogatkevich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Quinte Braster
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Dong W, Liu D, Zhang T, You Q, Huang F, Wu J. Oral delivery of staphylococcal nuclease ameliorates DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice via degrading intestinal neutrophil extracellular traps. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112161. [PMID: 33812202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may contribute directly to the initiation of ulcerative colitis (UC), a typical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by mucosal damage. Staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), a nonspecific phosphodiesterase, has a strong ability to degrade DNA. Here we investigate whether intestinal NET degradation with an oral preparation of SNase can ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. SNase encapsulated with calcium alginate (ALG-SNase) was formulated using crosslinking technology with sodium alginate and calcium chloride. ALG-SNase were orally administered to DSS-induced UC mice, and their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of NETs was also assessed, as well as the intestinal permeability in mice. The results showed that ALG-SNase nanoparticles were successfully prepared and delivered to the colon of UC mice. In addition, oral administration of ALG-SNase nanoparticles decreased NET levels in the colon and effectively alleviated the clinical colitis index and tissue inflammation in UC mice. Moreover, the SNase nanoparticles reduced intestinal permeability and regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the markers of NETs were strongly correlated with the expression levels of tight junction proteins in colon tissue. In conclusion, our data showed that oral administration of ALG-SNase can effectively ameliorate colitis in UC mice via NET degradation and suggested SNase as a candidate therapy for the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanfa Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi You
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Singh RP, Hahn BH, Bischoff DS. Effects of Peptide-Induced Immune Tolerance on Murine Lupus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662901. [PMID: 34093553 PMCID: PMC8171184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of autoimmunity and the molecular mechanisms by which different immune cells, including T cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN-granulocytes), and B cells suppress autoimmune diseases is complex. We have shown previously that BWF1 lupus mice are protected from autoimmunity after i.v. injection or oral administration of tolerogenic doses of pCons, an artificial synthetic peptide based on sequences containing MHC class I and MHC class II determinants in the VH region of a J558-encoded BWF1 anti-DNA Ab. Several T cell subsets can transfer this tolerance. In this study, we determined the potential roles of granulocytes, B cells and regulatory T cells altered by pCons treatment in the BWF1 (NZB/NZW) mouse model of lupus. Immunophenotyping studies indicated that pCons treatment of BWF1 mice significantly increased CD4+FoxP3+ T cells, reduced the percent of B cells expressing CD19+CD5+ but increased the percent of CD19+CD1d+ regulatory B cells and increased the ability of the whole B cell population to suppress IgG anti-DNA production in vitro. pCons treatment significantly decreased the expression of CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4) in CD8+ T cells. In addition, peptide administration modified granulocytes so they became suppressive. We co-cultured sorted naïve B cells from mice making anti-DNA Ab (supported by addition of sorted naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from young auto-antibody-negative BWF1 mice) with sorted B cells or granulocytes from tolerized mice. Both tolerized granulocytes and tolerized B cells significantly suppressed the production of anti-DNA in vitro. In granulocytes from tolerized mice compared to saline-treated littermate controls, real-time PCR analysis indicated that expression of interferon-induced TNFAIP2 increased more than 2-fold while Ptdss2 and GATA1 mRNA were up-regulated more than 10-fold. In contrast, expression of these genes was significantly down-regulated in tolerized B cells. Further, another IFN-induced protein, Bcl2, was reduced in tolerized B cells as determined by Western blot analyses. In contrast, expression of FoxP3 was significantly increased in tolerized B cells. Together, these data suggest that B cells and granulocytes are altered toward suppressive functions by in vivo tolerization of BWF1 mice with pCons and it is possible these cell types participate in the clinical benefits seen in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Singh
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bevra H Hahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David S Bischoff
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Maretti-Mira AC, Golden-Mason L, Salomon MP, Kaplan MJ, Rosen HR. Cholesterol-Induced M4-Like Macrophages Recruit Neutrophils and Induce NETosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671073. [PMID: 34012454 PMCID: PMC8126646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central organ for cholesterol synthesis and homeostasis. The effects of dietary cholesterol on hepatic injury, mainly of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL), are not fully understood. Here, we show that the degree of cholesterol oxidation had different impacts on the global gene expression of human M2-like macrophages, with highly oxidized LDL causing the most dramatic changes. M2-like macrophages and Kupffer cells undergo M4-like polarization, decreasing the expression of important markers, such as IL10, MRC1, and CD163. These cells also displayed functional changes, with reduced phagocytic capacity, increased neutrophil recruitment, and more effective neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induction. Our findings provide a link between LDL oxidation and modification of peripheral and liver macrophage function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Maretti-Mira
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Research Center for Liver Disease, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Research Center for Liver Disease, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew P Salomon
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Research Center for Liver Disease, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hugo R Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Research Center for Liver Disease, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Inoue M, Enomoto M, Yoshimura M, Mizowaki T. Pharmacological inhibition of sodium-calcium exchange activates NADPH oxidase and induces infection-independent NETotic cell death. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101983. [PMID: 33933883 PMCID: PMC8105669 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its function of innate immunity against invading pathogens, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote thrombosis, autoimmune disease, and cancer metastasis; therefore, unnecessary exposure to the triggers of infection-independent NET generation should be avoided. We herein show that inhibition of forward-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange by amiloride analogs, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) and 5-(N-Methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride (MIA), triggers NETotic cell death independently of infectious stimuli. Isolated human neutrophils treated with EIPA and MIA undergo NETotic cell death by an increase of intracellular Ca2+ following activation of NADPH oxidase and the resultant upregulation of intracellular ROS. EIPA- and MIA-mediated intracellular Ca2+ increase is attributed to the competitive binding of EIPA and MIA against Na+ to Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1). These results demonstrate a new mechanism of infection-independent NET generation and implicate NCX1 as a physiologic regulator of intracellular calcium balance and NETotic cell death. Two of the amiloride analogs, EIPA and MIA, induce NETotic cell death without infectious stimuli. EIPA and MIA inhibit the forward-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange and promote the intracellular Ca2+ overload. Intracellular Ca2+ overload by EIPA and MIA activates NADPH oxidase, elevates intracellular ROS level, and induces resultant NETotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Inoue
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Enomoto
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michio Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizowaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Hammel G, Ren Y. For Better or for Worse: A Look Into Neutrophils in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:648076. [PMID: 33967695 PMCID: PMC8100532 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.648076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived cells of the innate immune system and the first line of defense at the site of an infection and tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors on neutrophils recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns, which recruit them to the destined site. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes with efficient granular constituents that aid in the neutralization of pathogens. In addition to phagocytosis and degranulation, neutrophils are proficient in creating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that immobilize pathogens to prevent their spread. Because of the cytotoxicity of the associated granular proteins within NETs, the microbes can be directly killed once immobilized by the NETs. The role of neutrophils in infection is well studied; however, there is less emphasis placed on the role of neutrophils in tissue injury, such as traumatic spinal cord injury. Upon the initial mechanical injury, the innate immune system is activated in response to the molecules produced by the resident cells of the injured spinal cord initiating the inflammatory cascade. This review provides an overview of the essential role of neutrophils and explores the contribution of neutrophils to the pathologic changes in the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|