101
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Stewart L, Turner NA. Channelling the Force to Reprogram the Matrix: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:990. [PMID: 33922466 PMCID: PMC8145896 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play a pivotal role in preserving myocardial function and integrity of the heart tissue after injury, but also contribute to future susceptibility to heart failure. CF sense changes to the cardiac environment through chemical and mechanical cues that trigger changes in cellular function. In recent years, mechanosensitive ion channels have been implicated as key modulators of a range of CF functions that are important to fibrotic cardiac remodelling, including cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix turnover and paracrine signalling. To date, seven mechanosensitive ion channels are known to be functional in CF: the cation non-selective channels TRPC6, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV4 and Piezo1, and the potassium-selective channels TREK-1 and KATP. This review will outline current knowledge of these mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, discuss evidence of the mechanosensitivity of each channel, and detail the role that each channel plays in cardiac remodelling. By better understanding the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, it is hoped that therapies may be developed for reducing pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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102
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EPA and DHA differentially modulate membrane elasticity in the presence of cholesterol. Biophys J 2021; 120:2317-2329. [PMID: 33887229 PMCID: PMC8390804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modify the activity of a wide range of membrane proteins and are increasingly hypothesized to modulate protein activity by indirectly altering membrane physical properties. Among the various physical properties affected by PUFAs, the membrane area expansion modulus (Ka), which measures membrane strain in response to applied force, is expected to be a significant controller of channel activity. Yet, the impact of PUFAs on membrane Ka has not been measured previously. Through a series of micropipette aspiration studies, we measured the apparent Ka (Kapp) of phospholipid model membranes containing nonesterified fatty acids. First, we measured membrane Kapp as a function of the location of the unsaturated bonds and degree of unsaturation in the incorporated fatty acids and found that Kapp generally decreases in the presence of fatty acids with three or more unsaturated bonds. Next, we assessed how select ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), affect the Kapp of membranes containing cholesterol. In vesicles prepared with high amounts of cholesterol, which should increase the propensity of the membrane to phase segregate, we found that inclusion of DHA decreases the Kapp in comparison to EPA. We also measured how these ω-3 PUFAs affect membrane fluidity and bending rigidity to determine how membrane Kapp changes in relation to these other physical properties. Our study shows that PUFAs generally decrease the Kapp of membranes and that EPA and DHA have differential effects on Kapp when membranes contain higher levels of cholesterol. Our results suggest membrane phase behavior and the distribution of membrane-elasticizing amphiphiles impact the ability of a membrane to stretch.
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103
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Guo J, Gu D, Zhao T, Zhao Z, Xiong Y, Sun M, Xin C, Zhang Y, Pei L, Sun J. Trends in Piezo Channel Research Over the Past Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668714. [PMID: 33935792 PMCID: PMC8082452 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We used bibliometric methods to evaluate the global scientific output of research on Piezo channels and explore the current status and trends in this field over the past decade. Methods: Piezo channel-related studies published in 2010–2020 were retrieved from Web of Science. The R bibliometrix package was used for quantitative and qualitative analyses of publication outputs and author contributions. VOSviewer was used to construct networks based on co-authorship of countries/institutions/authors, co-citation analysis of journals/references, citation analysis of documents, and co-occurrence of keywords. Results: In total, 556 related articles and reviews were included in the final analysis. The number of publications has increased substantially with time. The country and institution contributing the most to this field was the United States and Scripps Research Institute, respectively. Ardem Patapoutian was the most productive author and ranked first among the cited authors, h-index, and m-index. The top cited reference was the article published by Coste B et al. in Science (2010) that identified Piezo1/2 in mammalian cells. The top journals in terms of the number of selected articles and citations were Nature Communications and Nature, respectively. The co-occurrence analysis revealed that Piezo channels are involved a variety of cell types (Merkel cells, neurons, endothelial cells, red blood cells), physiological processes (touch sensation, blood pressure, proprioception, vascular development), related ion channels (transient receptor potential, Gardos), and diseases (pain, distal arthrogryposis, dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis, cancer), and pharmacology (Yoda1, GsMTx-4). Conclusion: Our bibliometric analysis shows that Piezo channel research continues to be a hotspot. The focus has evolved from Piezo identification to architecture, activation mechanism, roles in diseases, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanhao Zhao
- Department of Massage, Danyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Danyang, China
| | - Yajun Xiong
- School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Sun
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Health and Rehabilitation College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Disease Project Group of China Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Disease Project Group of China Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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104
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Zakany F, Szabo M, Batta G, Kárpáti L, Mándity IM, Fülöp P, Varga Z, Panyi G, Nagy P, Kovacs T. An ω-3, but Not an ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Decreases Membrane Dipole Potential and Stimulates Endo-Lysosomal Escape of Penetratin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647300. [PMID: 33912562 PMCID: PMC8074792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the largely positive intramembrane dipole potential (DP) may substantially influence the function of transmembrane proteins, its investigation is deeply hampered by the lack of measurement techniques suitable for high-throughput examination of living cells. Here, we describe a novel emission ratiometric flow cytometry method based on F66, a 3-hydroxiflavon derivative, and demonstrate that 6-ketocholestanol, cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol, saturated stearic acid (SA) and ω-6 γ-linolenic acid (GLA) increase, while ω-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) decreases the DP. These changes do not correlate with alterations in cell viability or membrane fluidity. Pretreatment with ALA counteracts, while SA or GLA enhances cholesterol-induced DP elevations. Furthermore, ALA (but not SA or GLA) increases endo-lysosomal escape of penetratin, a cell-penetrating peptide. In summary, we have developed a novel method to measure DP in large quantities of individual living cells and propose ALA as a physiological DP lowering agent facilitating cytoplasmic entry of penetratin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Zakany
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mate Szabo
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Kárpáti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Lendület-Artificial Chloride Ion Transporter Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Fülöp
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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105
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Nickolls AR, Lee MM, Espinoza DF, Szczot M, Lam RM, Wang Q, Beers J, Zou J, Nguyen MQ, Solinski HJ, AlJanahi AA, Johnson KR, Ward ME, Chesler AT, Bönnemann CG. Transcriptional Programming of Human Mechanosensory Neuron Subtypes from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:932-946.e7. [PMID: 31968264 PMCID: PMC7059559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and homogeneous in vitro generation of peripheral sensory neurons may provide a framework for novel drug screening platforms and disease models of touch and pain. We discover that, by ovesssrexpressing NGN2 and BRN3A, human pluripotent stem cells can be transcriptionally programmed to differentiate into a surprisingly uniform culture of cold- and mechano-sensing neurons. Although such a neuronal subtype is not found in mice, we identify molecular evidence for its existence in human sensory ganglia. Combining NGN2 and BRN3A programming with neural crest patterning, we produce two additional populations of sensory neurons, including a specialized touch receptor neuron subtype. Finally, we apply this system to model a rare inherited sensory disorder of touch and proprioception caused by inactivating mutations in PIEZO2. Together, these findings establish an approach to specify distinct sensory neuron subtypes in vitro, underscoring the utility of stem cell technology to capture human-specific features of physiology and disease. Nickolls et al. develop a method, using human stem cells, to generate specific types of sensory neurons that detect cold temperature and mechanical force. This approach uncovers a class of neuron found in humans, but not mice, and enables the modeling of a rare sensory disorder of touch and proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R Nickolls
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michelle M Lee
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F Espinoza
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcin Szczot
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruby M Lam
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeanette Beers
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minh Q Nguyen
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hans J Solinski
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aisha A AlJanahi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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106
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Lewis AH, Grandl J. Inactivation Kinetics and Mechanical Gating of Piezo1 Ion Channels Depend on Subdomains within the Cap. Cell Rep 2021; 30:870-880.e2. [PMID: 31968259 PMCID: PMC7021530 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 ion channels are activated by mechanical stimuli and mediate the sensing of blood flow. Although cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures have revealed the overall architecture of Piezo1, the precise domains involved in activation and subsequent inactivation have remained elusive. Here, we perform a targeted chimeric screen between Piezo1 and the closely related isoform Piezo2 and use electrophysiology to characterize their inactivation kinetics during mechanical stimulation. We identify three small subdomains within the extracellular cap that individually can confer the distinct kinetics of inactivation of Piezo2 onto Piezo1. We further show by cysteine crosslinking that conformational flexibility of these subdomains is required for mechanical activation to occur and that electrostatic interactions functionally couple the cap to the extensive blades, which have been proposed to function as sensors of membrane curvature and tension. This study provides a demonstration of internal gating motions involved in mechanotransduction by Piezo1. Lewis and Grandl combine a chimeric screen and cysteine crosslinking to identify small subdomains of the cap of mechanically activated Piezo1 ion channels that must have conformational flexibility for mechanical gating. They further show that electrostatic interactions couple one of these domains to the channel blade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda H Lewis
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jörg Grandl
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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107
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de Coulon E, Dellenbach C, Rohr S. Advancing mechanobiology by performing whole-cell patch clamp recording on mechanosensitive cells subjected simultaneously to dynamic stretch events. iScience 2021; 24:102041. [PMID: 33532717 PMCID: PMC7822953 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of mechano-electrical coupling requires continuous intracellular electrical recordings being performed on cells undergoing simultaneously in vivo like strain events. Here, we introduce a linear strain single-cell electrophysiology (LSSE) system that meets these requirements by delivering highly reproducible unidirectional strain events with magnitudes up to 12% and strain rates exceeding 200%s−1 to adherent cells kept simultaneously in whole-cell patch-clamp recording configuration. Proof-of-concept measurements with NIH3T3 cells demonstrate that stable recording conditions are maintained over tens of strain cycles at maximal amplitudes and strain rates thereby permitting a full electrophysiological characterization of mechanically activated ion currents. Because mechano-electrical responses to predefined strain patterns can be investigated using any adherent wild-type or genetically modified cell type of interest, the LSSE system offers the perspective of providing advanced insights into mechanosensitive ion channel function that can finally be compared quantitatively among different types of channels and cells. The methodology presented enables investigations of adherent mechanosensitive cells Whole-cell patch-clamp recording is performed while cells are dynamically stretched Continuous recording of sequences of physiological mechanical stimuli is practicable Experiments with NIH3T3 cells reveal a robust atypical mechanosensitive current
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne de Coulon
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Christian Dellenbach
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rohr
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
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108
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Jiang Y, Yang X, Jiang J, Xiao B. Structural Designs and Mechanogating Mechanisms of the Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:472-488. [PMID: 33610426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Piezo channel family, including Piezo1 and Piezo2 in mammals, serves as versatile mechanotransducers in various cell types and consequently governs fundamental pathophysiological processes ranging from vascular development to the sense of gentle touch and tactile pain. Piezo1/2 possess a unique 38-transmembrane (TM) helix topology and form a homotrimeric propeller-shaped structure comprising a central ion-conducting pore and three peripheral mechanosensing blades. The unusually curved TM region of the three blades shapes a signature nano-bowl configuration with potential to generate large in-plane membrane area expansion, which might confer exquisite mechanosensitivity to Piezo channels. Here, we review the current understanding of Piezo channels with a particular focus on their unique structural designs and elegant mechanogating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bailong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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109
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De Vecchis D, Beech DJ, Kalli AC. Molecular dynamics simulations of Piezo1 channel opening by increases in membrane tension. Biophys J 2021; 120:1510-1521. [PMID: 33582135 PMCID: PMC8105709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive channel involved in many cellular functions and responsible for sensing shear stress and pressure forces in cells. Piezo1 has a unique trilobed topology with a curved membrane region in the closed state. It has been suggested that upon activation Piezo1 adopts a flattened conformation, but the molecular and structural changes underpinning the Piezo1 gating and opening mechanisms and how the channel senses forces in the membrane remain elusive. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the structural rearrangements that occur when Piezo1 moves from a closed to an open state in response to increased mechanical tension applied to a model membrane. We find that membrane stretching causes Piezo1 to flatten and expand its blade region, resulting in tilting and lateral movement of the pore-lining transmembrane helices 37 and 38. This is associated with the opening of the channel and movement of lipids out of the pore region. Our results reveal that because of the rather loose packing of Piezo1 pore region, movement of the lipids outside the pore region is critical for the opening of the pore. Our simulations also suggest synchronous flattening of the Piezo1 blades during Piezo1 activation. The flattened structure lifts the C-terminal extracellular domain up, exposing it more to the extracellular space. Our studies support the idea that it is the blade region of Piezo1 that senses tension in the membrane because pore opening failed in the absence of the blades. Additionally, our simulations reveal that upon opening, water molecules occupy lateral fenestrations in the cytosolic region of Piezo1, which might be likely paths for ion permeation. Our results provide a model for how mechanical force opens the Piezo1 channel and thus how it might couple mechanical force to biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario De Vecchis
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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110
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Enhanced Ca 2+ influx in mechanically distorted erythrocytes measured with 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3749. [PMID: 33580124 PMCID: PMC7881017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first direct nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evidence of enhanced entry of Ca2+ ions into human erythrocytes (red blood cells; RBCs), when these cells are mechanically distorted. For this we loaded the RBCs with the fluorinated Ca2+ chelator, 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5FBAPTA), and recorded 19F NMR spectra. The RBCs were suspended in gelatin gel in a special stretching/compression apparatus. The 5FBAPTA was loaded into the cells as the tetraacetoxymethyl ester; and 13C NMR spectroscopy with [1,6-13C]D-glucose as substrate showed active glycolysis albeit at a reduced rate in cell suspensions and gels. The enhancement of Ca2+ influx is concluded to be via the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1. The increased rate of influx brought about by the activator of Piezo1, 2-[5-[[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methyl]thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-pyrazine (Yoda1) supported this conclusion; while the specificity of the cation-sensing by 5FBAPTA was confirmed by using the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187.
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111
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Chong J, De Vecchis D, Hyman AJ, Povstyan OV, Ludlow MJ, Shi J, Beech DJ, Kalli AC. Modeling of full-length Piezo1 suggests importance of the proximal N-terminus for dome structure. Biophys J 2021; 120:1343-1356. [PMID: 33582137 PMCID: PMC8105715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 forms a mechanically activated calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel that is functionally important in many cell types. Structural data exist for C-terminal regions, but we lack information about N-terminal regions and how the entire channel interacts with the lipid bilayer. Here, we use computational approaches to predict the three-dimensional structure of the full-length Piezo1 and simulate it in an asymmetric membrane. A number of novel insights are suggested by the model: 1) Piezo1 creates a trilobed dome in the membrane that extends beyond the radius of the protein, 2) Piezo1 changes the lipid environment in its vicinity via preferential interactions with cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecules, and 3) cholesterol changes the depth of the dome and PIP2 binding preference. In vitro alteration of cholesterol concentration inhibits Piezo1 activity in a manner complementing some of our computational findings. The data suggest the importance of N-terminal regions of Piezo1 for dome structure and membrane cholesterol and PIP2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Chong
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dario De Vecchis
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Hyman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandr V Povstyan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie J Ludlow
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Shi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Antreas C Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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112
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Impact of Experimental Parameters on Cell-Cell Force Spectroscopy Signature. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041069. [PMID: 33557265 PMCID: PMC7915634 DOI: 10.3390/s21041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy is an extremely versatile technique, featuring atomic-scale imaging resolution, and also offering the possibility to probe interaction forces down to few pN. Recently, this technique has been specialized to study the interaction between single living cells, one on the substrate, and a second being adhered on the cantilever. Cell–cell force spectroscopy offers a unique tool to investigate in fine detail intra-cellular interactions, and it holds great promise to elucidate elusive phenomena in physiology and pathology. Here we present a systematic study of the effect of the main measurement parameters on cell–cell curves, showing the importance of controlling the experimental conditions. Moreover, a simple theoretical interpretation is proposed, based on the number of contacts formed between the two interacting cells. The results show that single cell–cell force spectroscopy experiments carry a wealth of information that can be exploited to understand the inner dynamics of the interaction of living cells at the molecular level.
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113
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Gorelick F, Nathanson MH. TRPV4 helps Piezo1 put the squeeze on pancreatic acinar cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2199-2201. [PMID: 32281947 DOI: 10.1172/jci136525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in calcium signaling in pancreatic acinar cells can result in pancreatitis. Although pressure changes in the pancreas can elevate cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels, it is not known how transient pressure-activated elevations in calcium can cause prolonged calcium changes and consequent pancreatitis. In this issue of the JCI, Swain et al. describe roles for the mechanically activated plasma membrane calcium channels Piezo1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 4 (TRPV4) in acinar cells. The authors used genetic deletion models and cell culture systems to investigate calcium signaling. Notably, activation of the Piezo1-dependent TRPV4 pathway was independent of the cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation pathway. These results elegantly resolve an apparent discrepancy in calcium signaling and the pathogenesis of pancreatitis in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Gorelick
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine and VA HealthCare, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael H Nathanson
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine and VA HealthCare, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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114
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Fang XZ, Zhou T, Xu JQ, Wang YX, Sun MM, He YJ, Pan SW, Xiong W, Peng ZK, Gao XH, Shang Y. Structure, kinetic properties and biological function of mechanosensitive Piezo channels. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:13. [PMID: 33422128 PMCID: PMC7796548 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction couples mechanical stimulation with ion flux, which is critical for normal biological processes involved in neuronal cell development, pain sensation, and red blood cell volume regulation. Although they are key mechanotransducers, mechanosensitive ion channels in mammals have remained difficult to identify. In 2010, Coste and colleagues revealed a novel family of mechanically activated cation channels in eukaryotes, consisting of Piezo1 and Piezo2 channels. These have been proposed as the long-sought-after mechanosensitive cation channels in mammals. Piezo1 and Piezo2 exhibit a unique propeller-shaped architecture and have been implicated in mechanotransduction in various critical processes, including touch sensation, balance, and cardiovascular regulation. Furthermore, several mutations in Piezo channels have been shown to cause multiple hereditary human disorders, such as autosomal recessive congenital lymphatic dysplasia. Notably, mutations that cause dehydrated hereditary xerocytosis alter the rate of Piezo channel inactivation, indicating the critical role of their kinetics in normal physiology. Given the importance of Piezo channels in understanding the mechanotransduction process, this review focuses on their structural details, kinetic properties and potential function as mechanosensors. We also briefly review the hereditary diseases caused by mutations in Piezo genes, which is key for understanding the function of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Qian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Jun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shang-Wen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Kang Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Hui Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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115
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Guo Y, Merten AL, Schöler U, Yu ZY, Cvetkovska J, Fatkin D, Feneley MP, Martinac B, Friedrich O. In vitro cell stretching technology (IsoStretcher) as an approach to unravel Piezo1-mediated cardiac mechanotransduction. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 159:22-33. [PMID: 32763257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of electrical signals into mechanical action of the heart underlying blood circulation results in mechanical stimuli during active contraction or passive filling distention, which conversely modulate electrical signals. This feedback mechanism is known as cardiac mechano-electric coupling (MEC). The cardiac MEC involves complex activation of mechanical biosensors initiating short-term and long-term effects through Ca2+ signals in cardiomyocytes in acute and chronic pressure overload scenarios (e.g. cardiac hypertrophy). Although it is largely still unknown how mechanical forces alter cardiac function at the molecular level, mechanosensitive channels, including the recently discovered family of Piezo channels, have been thought to play a major role in the cardiac MEC and are also suspected to contribute to development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The earliest reports of mechanosensitive channel activity recognized that their gating could be controlled by membrane stretch. In this article, we provide an overview of the stretch devices, which have been employed for studies of the effects of mechanical stimuli on muscle and heart cells. We also describe novel experiments examining the activity of Piezo1 channels under multiaxial stretch applied using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stretch chambers and IsoStretcher technology to achieve isotropic stretching stimulation to cultured HL-1 cardiac muscle cells which express an appreciable amount of Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna-Lena Merten
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schöler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmina Cvetkovska
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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116
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Keating CE, Cullen DK. Mechanosensation in traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105210. [PMID: 33259894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is distinct from other neurological disorders because it is induced by a discrete event that applies extreme mechanical forces to the brain. This review describes how the brain senses, integrates, and responds to forces under both normal conditions and during injury. The response to forces is influenced by the unique mechanical properties of brain tissue, which differ by region, cell type, and sub-cellular structure. Elements such as the extracellular matrix, plasma membrane, transmembrane receptors, and cytoskeleton influence its properties. These same components also act as force-sensors, allowing neurons and glia to respond to their physical environment and maintain homeostasis. However, when applied forces become too large, as in TBI, these components may respond in an aberrant manner or structurally fail, resulting in unique pathological sequelae. This so-called "pathological mechanosensation" represents a spectrum of cellular responses, which vary depending on the overall biomechanical parameters of the injury and may be compounded by repetitive injuries. Such aberrant physical responses and/or damage to cells along with the resulting secondary injury cascades can ultimately lead to long-term cellular dysfunction and degeneration, often resulting in persistent deficits. Indeed, pathological mechanosensation not only directly initiates secondary injury cascades, but this post-physical damage environment provides the context in which these cascades unfold. Collectively, these points underscore the need to use experimental models that accurately replicate the biomechanics of TBI in humans. Understanding cellular responses in context with injury biomechanics may uncover therapeutic targets addressing various facets of trauma-specific sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Keating
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, USA.
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117
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Velez-Saboyá CS, Oropeza-Guzman E, Sierra-Valdez FJ, Ruiz-Suárez JC. Ca 2+-mediated enhancement of anesthetic diffusion across phospholipid multilamellar systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183509. [PMID: 33189718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although sharing common properties with other divalent cations, calcium ions induce fine-tuned electrostatic effects essential in many biological processes. Not only related with protein structure or ion channels, calcium is also determinant for other biomolecules such as lipids or even drugs. Cellular membranes are the first interaction barriers for drugs. Depending on their hydrophilic, hydrophobic or amphipathic properties, they have to overcome such barriers to permeate and diffuse through inner lipid bilayers, cells or even tissues. In this context, the role of calcium in the permeation of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) through lipid membranes is not well understood. We combine differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the effect of Ca2+ on the interlamellar diffusion kinetics of the local anesthetic tetracaine (TTC) in multilamellar artificial membrane systems. Our DSC results show the interesting phenomenon that TTC diffusion can be modified in two different ways in the presence of Ca2+. Furthermore, TTC diffusion exhibits a thermal-dependent membrane interaction in the presence of Ca2+. The FTIR results suggest the presence of ion-dipole interactions between Ca2+ and the carbonyl group of TTC, leading us to hypothesize that Ca2+ destabilizes the hydration shell of TTC, which in turn diffuses deeper into the multilamellar lipid structures. Our results demonstrate the relevance of the Ca2+ ion in the drug permeation and diffusion through lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Velez-Saboyá
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66600, Mexico
| | - Eric Oropeza-Guzman
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66600, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Sierra-Valdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Jesús C Ruiz-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66600, Mexico.
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118
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Buyan A, Cox CD, Barnoud J, Li J, Chan HSM, Martinac B, Marrink SJ, Corry B. Piezo1 Forms Specific, Functionally Important Interactions with Phosphoinositides and Cholesterol. Biophys J 2020; 119:1683-1697. [PMID: 32949489 PMCID: PMC7642233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Touch, hearing, and blood pressure regulation require mechanically gated ion channels that convert mechanical stimuli into electrical currents. One such channel is Piezo1, which plays a key role in the transduction of mechanical stimuli in humans and is implicated in diseases, such as xerocytosis and lymphatic dysplasia. There is building evidence that suggests Piezo1 can be regulated by the membrane environment, with the activity of the channel determined by the local concentration of lipids, such as cholesterol and phosphoinositides. To better understand the interaction of Piezo1 with its environment, we conduct simulations of the protein in a complex mammalian bilayer containing more than 60 different lipid types together with electrophysiology and mutagenesis experiments. We find that the protein alters its local membrane composition, enriching specific lipids and forming essential binding sites for phosphoinositides and cholesterol that are functionally relevant and often related to Piezo1-mediated pathologies. We also identify a number of key structural connections between the propeller and pore domains located close to lipid-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Buyan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Barnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah S M Chan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia.
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119
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Vietri Rudan M, Mishra A, Klose C, Eggert US, Watt FM. Human epidermal stem cell differentiation is modulated by specific lipid subspecies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22173-22182. [PMID: 32843345 PMCID: PMC7486749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011310117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the lipids of the outer layers of mammalian epidermis and their contribution to barrier formation have been extensively described, the role of individual lipid species in the onset of keratinocyte differentiation remains unknown. A lipidomic analysis of primary human keratinocytes revealed accumulation of numerous lipid species during suspension-induced differentiation. A small interfering RNA screen of 258 lipid-modifying enzymes identified two genes that on knockdown induced epidermal differentiation: ELOVL1, encoding elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 1, and SLC27A1, encoding fatty acid transport protein 1. By intersecting lipidomic datasets from suspension-induced differentiation and knockdown keratinocytes, we pinpointed candidate bioactive lipid subspecies as differentiation regulators. Several of these-ceramides and glucosylceramides-induced differentiation when added to primary keratinocytes in culture. Our results reveal the potential of lipid subspecies to regulate exit from the epidermal stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vietri Rudan
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay Mishra
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
- European Bioinformatics Institute, CB10 1SD Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulrike S Eggert
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom;
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120
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Potier-Cartereau M, Raoul W, Weber G, Mahéo K, Rapetti-Mauss R, Gueguinou M, Buscaglia P, Goupille C, Le Goux N, Abdoul-Azize S, Lecomte T, Fromont G, Chantome A, Mignen O, Soriani O, Vandier C. Potassium and Calcium Channel Complexes as Novel Targets for Cancer Research. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:157-176. [PMID: 32767122 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular Ca2+ concentration is mainly controlled by Ca2+ channels. These channels form complexes with K+ channels, which function to amplify Ca2+ flux. In cancer cells, voltage-gated/voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and non-voltage-gated/voltage-independent Ca2+ channels have been reported to interact with K+ channels such as Ca2+-activated K+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels. These channels are activated by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration or by membrane depolarization, which induces membrane hyperpolarization, increasing the driving force for Ca2+ flux. These complexes, composed of K+ and Ca2+ channels, are regulated by several molecules including lipids (ether lipids and cholesterol), proteins (e.g. STIM), receptors (e.g. S1R/SIGMAR1), and peptides (e.g. LL-37) and can be targeted by monoclonal antibodies, making them novel targets for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Raoul
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Gunther Weber
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Paul Buscaglia
- LBAI UMR 1227, University of Brest, INSERM, Brest, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nelig Le Goux
- LBAI UMR 1227, University of Brest, INSERM, Brest, France
| | | | - Thierry Lecomte
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, CHRU de Tours, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, CHRU de Tours, Department of Pathology, Tours, France
| | | | - Olivier Mignen
- LBAI UMR 1227, University of Brest, INSERM, Brest, France
| | - Olivier Soriani
- iBV, INSERM, CNRS, University of the Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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121
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Pollet H, Cloos AS, Stommen A, Vanderroost J, Conrard L, Paquot A, Ghodsi M, Carquin M, Léonard C, Guthmann M, Lingurski M, Vermylen C, Killian T, Gatto L, Rider M, Pyr dit Ruys S, Vertommen D, Vikkula M, Brouillard P, Van Der Smissen P, Muccioli GG, Tyteca D. Aberrant Membrane Composition and Biophysical Properties Impair Erythrocyte Morphology and Functionality in Elliptocytosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081120. [PMID: 32751168 PMCID: PMC7465299 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is altered in inherited RBC disorders but the mechanism behind this is poorly understood. Here, we explored the molecular, biophysical, morphological, and functional consequences of α-spectrin mutations in a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis (pEl) almost exclusively expressing the Pro260 variant of SPTA1 and her mother (pElm), heterozygous for this mutation. At the molecular level, the pEI RBC proteome was globally preserved but spectrin density at cell edges was increased. Decreased phosphatidylserine vs. increased lysophosphatidylserine species, and enhanced lipid peroxidation, methemoglobin, and plasma acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) activity were observed. At the biophysical level, although membrane transversal asymmetry was preserved, curvature at RBC edges and rigidity were increased. Lipid domains were altered for membrane:cytoskeleton anchorage, cholesterol content and response to Ca2+ exchange stimulation. At the morphological and functional levels, pEl RBCs exhibited reduced size and circularity, increased fragility and impaired membrane Ca2+ exchanges. The contribution of increased membrane curvature to the pEl phenotype was shown by mechanistic experiments in healthy RBCs upon lysophosphatidylserine membrane insertion. The role of lipid domain defects was proved by cholesterol depletion and aSMase inhibition in pEl. The data indicate that aberrant membrane content and biophysical properties alter pEl RBC morphology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Cloos
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Amaury Stommen
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Juliette Vanderroost
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Louise Conrard
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.P.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Marine Ghodsi
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Mélanie Carquin
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Catherine Léonard
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Manuel Guthmann
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Maxime Lingurski
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Christiane Vermylen
- PEDI Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique & Saint-Luc Hospital, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Theodore Killian
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Mark Rider
- PHOS Unit & MASSPROT Proteomics Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.R.); (S.P.d.R.); (D.V.)
| | - Sébastien Pyr dit Ruys
- PHOS Unit & MASSPROT Proteomics Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.R.); (S.P.d.R.); (D.V.)
| | - Didier Vertommen
- PHOS Unit & MASSPROT Proteomics Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.R.); (S.P.d.R.); (D.V.)
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.V.); (P.B.)
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Brouillard
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.P.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit & PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.P.); (A.-S.C.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (L.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.); (C.L.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (P.V.D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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122
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Cloos AS, Ghodsi M, Stommen A, Vanderroost J, Dauguet N, Pollet H, D'Auria L, Mignolet E, Larondelle Y, Terrasi R, Muccioli GG, Van Der Smissen P, Tyteca D. Interplay Between Plasma Membrane Lipid Alteration, Oxidative Stress and Calcium-Based Mechanism for Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis From Erythrocytes During Blood Storage. Front Physiol 2020; 11:712. [PMID: 32719614 PMCID: PMC7350142 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the red blood cell (RBC) surface is observed during senescence in vivo and RBC storage in vitro. Two main models for EV shedding, respectively based on calcium rise and oxidative stress, have been proposed in the literature but the role of the plasma membrane lipid composition and properties is not understood. Using blood in K+/EDTA tubes stored for up to 4 weeks at 4°C as a relevant RBC vesiculation model, we showed here that the RBC plasma membrane lipid composition, organization in domains and biophysical properties were progressively modified during storage and contributed to the RBC vesiculation. First, the membrane content in cholesterol and linoleic acid decreased whereas lipid peroxidation and spectrin:membrane occupancy increased, all compatible with higher membrane rigidity. Second, phosphatidylserine surface exposure showed a first rapid rise due to membrane cholesterol decrease, followed by a second calcium-dependent increase. Third, lipid domains mainly enriched in GM1 or sphingomyelin strongly increased from the 1st week while those mainly enriched in cholesterol or ceramide decreased during the 1st and 4th week, respectively. Fourth, the plasmatic acid sphingomyelinase activity considerably increased upon storage following the sphingomyelin-enriched domain rise and potentially inducing the loss of ceramide-enriched domains. Fifth, in support of the shedding of cholesterol- and ceramide-enriched domains from the RBC surface, the number of cholesterol-enriched domains lost and the abundance of EVs released during the 1st week perfectly matched. Moreover, RBC-derived EVs were enriched in ceramide at the 4th week but depleted in sphingomyelin. Then, using K+/EDTA tubes supplemented with glucose to longer preserve the ATP content, we better defined the sequence of events. Altogether, we showed that EV shedding from lipid domains only represents part of the global vesiculation mechanistics, for which we propose four successive events (cholesterol domain decrease, oxidative stress, sphingomyelin/sphingomyelinase/ceramide/calcium alteration and phosphatidylserine exposure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Cloos
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marine Ghodsi
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amaury Stommen
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Juliette Vanderroost
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- GECE Unit and CYTF Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic D'Auria
- NCHM Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Mignolet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Romano Terrasi
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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123
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Romero LO, Caires R, Nickolls AR, Chesler AT, Cordero-Morales JF, Vásquez V. A dietary fatty acid counteracts neuronal mechanical sensitization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2997. [PMID: 32561714 PMCID: PMC7305179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PIEZO2 is the essential transduction channel for touch discrimination, vibration, and proprioception. Mice and humans lacking Piezo2 experience severe mechanosensory and proprioceptive deficits and fail to develop tactile allodynia. Bradykinin, a proalgesic agent released during inflammation, potentiates PIEZO2 activity. Molecules that decrease PIEZO2 function could reduce heightened touch responses during inflammation. Here, we find that the dietary fatty acid margaric acid (MA) decreases PIEZO2 function in a dose-dependent manner. Chimera analyses demonstrate that the PIEZO2 beam is a key region tuning MA-mediated channel inhibition. MA reduces neuronal action potential firing elicited by mechanical stimuli in mice and rat neurons and counteracts PIEZO2 sensitization by bradykinin. Finally, we demonstrate that this saturated fatty acid decreases PIEZO2 currents in touch neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our findings report on a natural product that inhibits PIEZO2 function and counteracts neuronal mechanical sensitization and reveal a key region for channel inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Romero
- 71S. Manassas St. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Rebeca Caires
- 71S. Manassas St. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Alec R Nickolls
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- 71S. Manassas St. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- 71S. Manassas St. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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124
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Harayama T, Shimizu T. Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1150-1160. [PMID: 32487545 PMCID: PMC7397749 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r120000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PUFAs, such as AA and DHA, are recognized as important biomolecules, but understanding their precise roles and modes of action remains challenging. PUFAs are precursors for a plethora of signaling lipids, for which knowledge about synthetic pathways and receptors has accumulated. However, due to their extreme diversity and the ambiguity concerning the identity of their cognate receptors, the roles of PUFA-derived signaling lipids require more investigation. In addition, PUFA functions cannot be explained just as lipid mediator precursors because they are also critical for the regulation of membrane biophysical properties. The presence of PUFAs in membrane lipids also affects the functions of transmembrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins. Although the roles of PUFAs as membrane lipid building blocks were difficult to analyze, the discovery of lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), which are critical for their incorporation, advanced our understanding. Recent studies unveiled how LPLATs affect PUFA levels in membrane lipids, and their genetic manipulation became an excellent strategy to study the roles of PUFA-containing lipids. In this review, we will provide an overview of metabolic pathways regulating PUFAs as lipid mediator precursors and membrane components and update recent progress about their functions. Some issues to be solved for future research will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harayama
- Department of Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan and Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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125
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Del Rosario JS, Yudin Y, Su S, Hartle CM, Mirshahi T, Rohacs T. Gi-coupled receptor activation potentiates Piezo2 currents via Gβγ. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49124. [PMID: 32227462 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically activated Piezo2 channels are key players in somatosensory touch, but their regulation by cellular signaling pathways is poorly understood. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors that modulate the function of sensory ion channels. Gi-coupled receptors are generally considered inhibitory, as they usually decrease excitability. Paradoxically, activation of Gi-coupled receptors in DRG neurons sometimes induces mechanical hypersensitivity, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here, we find that activation of Gi-coupled receptors potentiates mechanically activated currents in DRG neurons and heterologously expressed Piezo2 channels, but inhibits Piezo1 currents in heterologous systems in a Gβγ-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of kinases downstream of Gβγ, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) also abolishes the potentiation of Piezo2 currents. Local injection of sumatriptan, an agonist of the Gi-coupled serotonin 1B/1D receptors, increases mechanical sensitivity in mice, and the effect is abolished by inhibiting PI3K and MAPK. Hence, our studies illustrate an indirect mechanism of action of Gβγ to sensitize Piezo2 currents and alter mechanosensitivity after activation of Gi-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Smith Del Rosario
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yevgen Yudin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Songxue Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Cassandra M Hartle
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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126
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Amphipathic molecules modulate PIEZO1 activity. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1833-1842. [PMID: 31754715 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PIEZO proteins are large eukaryotic mechanically-gated channels that function as homotrimers. The basic PIEZO1 structure has been elucidated by CryoEM and it assembles into a protein-lipid dome. A curved lipid region allows for the transition to the lipid bilayer from the dome (footprint). Gating PIEZO1 is mediated by bilayer tension that induces an area change in the lipid dome. The footprint region is thought to be energetically important for changes in lateral tension. Amphipathic molecules can modulate channel function beyond the intrinsic gating properties of PIEZO1. As a result, molecules that modify lipid properties within the lipid-channel complex (footprint and dome) will profoundly affect channel kinetics. In this review, we summarize the effects some amphipathic molecules have on the lipid bilayer and PIEZO1 function. PIEZO1 has three states, closed, open and inactivated and amphipathic molecules influence these transitions. The amphipathic peptide, GsMTx4, inhibits the closed to open transition. While saturated fatty acids also prevent PIEZO1 gating, the effect is mediated by stiffening the lipids, presumably in both the dome and footprint region. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can increase disorder within the lipid-protein complex affecting channel kinetics. PIEZO1 can also form higher-ordered structures that confers new kinetic properties associated with clustered channels. Cholesterol-rich domains house PIEZO1 channels, and depletion of cholesterol causes a breakdown of those domains with changes to channel kinetics and channel diffusion. These examples underscore the complex effects lipophilic molecules can have on the PIEZO1 lipid dome structure and thus on the mechanical response of the cell.
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127
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Kuntze A, Goetsch O, Fels B, Najder K, Unger A, Wilhelmi M, Sargin S, Schimmelpfennig S, Neumann I, Schwab A, Pethő Z. Protonation of Piezo1 Impairs Cell-Matrix Interactions of Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:89. [PMID: 32116794 PMCID: PMC7033545 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an acidic and fibrotic stroma. The extracellular matrix (ECM) causing the fibrosis is primarily formed by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The effects of the altered biomechanics and pH landscape in the pathogenesis of PDAC, however, are poorly understood. Mechanotransduction in cells has been linked to the function of mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1. Here, we tested whether this channel plays crucial roles in transducing mechanical signals in the acidic PDAC microenvironment. We performed immunofluorescence, Ca2+ influx and intracellular pH measurements in PSCs and complemented them by live-cell imaging migration experiments in order to assess the function of Piezo1 channels in PSCs. We evaluated whether Piezo1 responds to changes of extracellular and/or intracellular pH in the pathophysiological range (pH 6.6 and pH 6.9, respectively). We validated our results using Piezo1-transfected HEK293 cells as a model system. Indeed, acidification of the intracellular space severely inhibits Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx into PSCs. In addition, stimulation of Piezo1 channels with its activator Yoda1 accelerates migration of PSCs on a two-dimensional ECM as well as in a 3D setting. Furthermore, Yoda1-activated PSCs transmit more force to the surrounding ECM under physiological pH, as revealed by measuring the dislocation of microbeads embedded in the surrounding matrix. This is paralleled by an enhanced phosphorylation of myosin light chain isoform 9 after Piezo1 stimulation. Intriguingly, upon acidification, Piezo1 activation leads to the initiation of cell death and disruption of PSC spheroids. In summary, stimulating Piezo1 activates PSCs by inducing Ca2+ influx which in turn alters the cytoskeletal architecture. This results in increased cellular motility and ECM traction, which can be useful for the cells to invade the surroundings and to detach from the tissue. However, in the presence of an acidic extracellular pH, although net Ca2+ influx is reduced, Piezo1 activation leads to severe cell stress also limiting cellular viability. In conclusion, our results indicate a strong interdependence between environmental pH, the mechanical output of PSCs and stromal mechanics, which promotes early local invasion of PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kuntze
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ole Goetsch
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Unger
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Sargin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ilka Neumann
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Zoltan Pethő
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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128
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Ayata P, Schaefer A. Innate sensing of mechanical properties of brain tissue by microglia. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 62:123-130. [PMID: 32058296 PMCID: PMC7067639 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
External organic or inorganic objects (foreign bodies) that are inadvertently or purposefully placed in the human or animal tissues can trigger local tissue responses that aim at the elimination and/or segregation of foreign bodies from the tissue. The foreign body response (FBR) may have major implications for neurodegeneration associated with the formation of aberrant protein-based aggregates or plaques. The distinct physical features of the plaques, including high rigidity and varying surface properties, may trigger microglial mechanosensing of the plaque as a foreign body. The microglial FBR may have a dual function by promoting and/or suppressing the plaque driven neurodegeneration. Microglial contact with the plaque may trigger inflammatory activation of microglia and support microglia-driven neuronal damage. Conversely, persistent microglial activation may trigger the formation of a microglia-supported cell barrier that segregates and compacts the plaques thus preventing further plaque-induced damage to healthy neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ayata
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Glial Biology, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Precision Immunology Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anne Schaefer
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Glial Biology, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Precision Immunology Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Corresponding author
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129
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Xue F, Cox CD, Bavi N, Rohde PR, Nakayama Y, Martinac B. Membrane stiffness is one of the key determinants of E. coli MscS channel mechanosensitivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183203. [PMID: 31981589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) channels have an intimate relationship with membrane lipids that underlie their mechanosensitivity. Membrane lipids may influence channel activity by directly interacting with MS channels or by influencing the global properties of the membrane such as elastic area expansion modulus or bending rigidity. Previous work has implicated membrane stiffness as a potential determinant of the mechanosensitivity of E. coli (Ec)MscS. Here we systematically tested this hypothesis using patch fluorometry of azolectin liposomes doped with lipids of increasing elastic area expansion modulus. Increasing dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) content of azolectin liposomes made it more difficult to activate EcMscS by membrane tension (i.e. increased gating threshold). This effect was exacerbated by stiffer forms of phosphatidylethanolamine such as the branched chain lipid diphytanoylphosphoethanolamine (DPhPE) or the fully saturated lipid distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE). Furthermore, a comparison of the branched chain lipid diphytanoylphosphocholine (DPhPC) to the stiffer DPhPE indicated again that it was harder to activate EcMscS in the presence of the stiffer DPhPE. We show that these effects are not due to changes in membrane bending rigidity as the membrane tension threshold of EcMscS in membranes doped with PC18:1 and PC18:3 remained the same, despite a two-fold difference in their bending rigidity. We also show that after prolonged pressure application sudden removal of force in softer membranes caused a rebound reactivation of EcMscS and we discuss the relevance of this phenomenon to bacterial osmoregulation. Collectively, our data suggests that membrane stiffness (elastic area expansion modulus) is one of the key determinants of the mechanosensitivity of EcMscS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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130
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Della Pietra A, Mikhailov N, Giniatullin R. The Emerging Role of Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels in Migraine Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030696. [PMID: 31973098 PMCID: PMC7037473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently discovered mechanosensitive Piezo channels emerged as the main molecular detectors of mechanical forces. The functions of Piezo channels range from detection of touch and pain, to control of the plastic changes in different organs. Recent studies suggested the role of Piezo channels in migraine pain, which is supposed to originate from the trigeminovascular nociceptive system in meninges. Interestingly, migraine pain is associated with such phenomenon as mechanical hypersensitivity, suggesting enhanced mechanotransduction. In the current review, we present the data that propose the implication of Piezo channels in migraine pain, which has a distinctive pulsatile character. These data include: (i) distribution of Piezo channels in the key elements of the trigeminovascular nociceptive system; (ii) the prolonged functional activity of Piezo channels in meningeal afferents providing a mechanistical basis for mechanotransduction in nociceptive nerve terminals; (iii) potential activation of Piezo channels by shear stress and pulsating blood flow; and (iv) modulation of these channels by emerging chemical agonists and modulators, including pro-nociceptive compounds. Achievements in this quickly expanding field should open a new road for efficient control of Piezo-related diseases including migraine and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Della Pietra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (A.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikita Mikhailov
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (A.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (A.D.P.); (N.M.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
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131
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Xiao B. Levering Mechanically Activated Piezo Channels for Potential Pharmacological Intervention. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 60:195-218. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mechanically activated Piezo channels, including Piezo1 and Piezo2 in mammals, function as key mechanotransducers for converting mechanical force into electrochemical signals. This review highlights key evidence for the potential of Piezo channel drug discovery. First, both mouse and human genetic studies have unequivocally demonstrated the prominent role of Piezo channels in various mammalian physiologies and pathophysiologies, validating their potential as novel therapeutic targets. Second, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the 2,547-residue mouse Piezo1 trimer has been determined, providing a solid foundation for studying its structure-function relationship and drug action mechanisms and conducting virtual drug screening. Third, Piezo1 chemical activators, named Yoda1 and Jedi1/2, have been identified through high-throughput screening assays, demonstrating the drugability of Piezo channels. However, the pharmacology of Piezo channels is in its infancy. By establishing an integrated drug discovery platform, we may hopefully discover and develop a fleet of Jedi masters for battling Piezo-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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132
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Abstract
Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could occur a defect in the activities of desaturases, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes leading to a decrease in the formation of their long-chain products gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. All these bioactive molecules are termed as bioactive lipids (BALs). This imbalance in the metabolites of EFAs leads to low-grade systemic inflammation and at times acute inflammatory events at specific local sites that trigger the development of various age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and immune dysfunction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, nephritis and other localized inflammatory conditions. This evidence implies that methods designed to restore BALs to normal can prevent age-related disorders and enhance longevity and health.
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133
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Johnson LR, Battle AR, Martinac B. Remembering Mechanosensitivity of NMDA Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:533. [PMID: 31866826 PMCID: PMC6906178 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in post-synaptic Ca2+ conductance through activation of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and concomitant structural changes are essential for the initiation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation. Memories can be initiated by coincident events, as occurs in classical conditioning, where the NMDAR can act as a molecular coincidence detector. Binding of glutamate and glycine, together with depolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane to remove the Mg2+ channel pore block, results in NMDAR opening for Ca2+ conductance. Accumulating evidence has implicated both force-from-lipids and protein tethering mechanisms for mechanosensory transduction in NMDAR, which has been demonstrated by both, membrane stretch and application of amphipathic molecules such as arachidonic acid (AA). The contribution of mechanosensitivity to memory formation and consolidation may be to increase activity of the NMDAR leading to facilitated memory formation. In this review we look back at the progress made toward understanding the physiological and pathological role of NMDA receptor channels in mechanobiology of the nervous system and consider these findings in like of their potential functional implications for memory formation. We examine recent studies identifying mechanisms of both NMDAR and other mechanosensitive channels and discuss functional implications including gain control of NMDA opening probability. Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing area of biology with many important implications for understanding form, function and pathology in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Johnson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Division of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R Battle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Prince Charles Hospital Northside Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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134
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Douguet D, Patel A, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM, Honoré E. Piezo Ion Channels in Cardiovascular Mechanobiology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:956-970. [PMID: 31704174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction has a key role in vascular development, physiology, and disease states. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive (MS) nonselective cationic channel that occurs in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. It is activated by shear stress associated with increases in local blood flow, as well as by cell membrane stretch upon elevation of blood pressure. Here, we briefly review the pharmacological modulators of Piezo and discuss current understanding of the role of Piezo1 in vascular mechanobiology and associated clinical disorders, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Ultimately, we believe that this research will help identify novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Douguet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Amanda Patel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eric Honoré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France.
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135
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Beech DJ, Kalli AC. Force Sensing by Piezo Channels in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2228-2239. [PMID: 31533470 PMCID: PMC6818984 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are fundamental in cardiovascular biology, and deciphering the mechanisms by which they act remains a testing frontier in cardiovascular research. Here, we raise awareness of 2 recently discovered proteins, Piezo1 and Piezo2, which assemble as transmembrane triskelions to combine exquisite force sensing with regulated calcium influx. There is emerging evidence for their importance in endothelial shear stress sensing and secretion, NO generation, vascular tone, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, vascular permeability and remodeling, blood pressure regulation, insulin sensitivity, exercise performance, and baroreceptor reflex, and there are early suggestions of relevance to cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes. Human genetic analysis points to significance in lymphatic disease, anemia, varicose veins, and potentially heart failure, hypertension, aneurysms, and stroke. These channels appear to be versatile force sensors, used creatively to inform various force-sensing situations. We discuss emergent concepts and controversies and suggest that the potential for new important understanding is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Beech
- From the Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- From the Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, England, United Kingdom
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136
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Fiorin G, Marinelli F, Faraldo-Gómez JD. Direct Derivation of Free Energies of Membrane Deformation and Other Solvent Density Variations From Enhanced Sampling Molecular Dynamics. J Comput Chem 2019; 41:449-459. [PMID: 31602694 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a methodology to calculate the free energy of a shape transformation in a lipid membrane directly from a molecular dynamics simulation. The bilayer need not be homogeneous or symmetric and can be atomically detailed or coarse grained. The method is based on a collective variable that quantifies the similarity between the membrane and a set of predefined density distributions. Enhanced sampling of this "Multi-Map" variable re-shapes the bilayer and permits the derivation of the corresponding potential of mean force. Calculated energies thus reflect the dynamic interplay of atoms and molecules, rather than postulated effects. Evaluation of deformations of different shape, amplitude, and range demonstrates that the macroscopic bending modulus assumed by the Helfrich-Canham model is increasingly unsuitable below the 100-Å scale. In this range of major biological significance, direct free-energy calculations reveal a much greater plasticity. We also quantify the stiffening effect of cholesterol on bilayers of different composition and compare with experiments. Lastly, we illustrate how this approach facilitates analysis of other solvent reorganization processes, such as hydrophobic hydration. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fiorin
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814
| | - Fabrizio Marinelli
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814
| | - José D Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814
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137
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Botello-Smith WM, Jiang W, Zhang H, Ozkan AD, Lin YC, Pham CN, Lacroix JJ, Luo Y. A mechanism for the activation of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel by the small molecule Yoda1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4503. [PMID: 31582801 PMCID: PMC6776524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive Piezo1 and Piezo2 channels transduce various forms of mechanical forces into cellular signals that play vital roles in many important biological processes in vertebrate organisms. Besides mechanical forces, Piezo1 is selectively activated by micromolar concentrations of the small molecule Yoda1 through an unknown mechanism. Here, using a combination of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we identify an allosteric Yoda1 binding pocket located in the putative mechanosensory domain, approximately 40 Å away from the central pore. Our simulations further indicate that the presence of the agonist correlates with increased tension-induced motions of the Yoda1-bound subunit. Our results suggest a model wherein Yoda1 acts as a molecular wedge, facilitating force-induced conformational changes, effectively lowering the channel's mechanical threshold for activation. The identification of an allosteric agonist binding site in Piezo1 channels will pave the way for the rational design of future Piezo modulators with clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Botello-Smith
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Alper D Ozkan
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Christine N Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Jérôme J Lacroix
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
| | - Yun Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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138
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Ridone P, Vassalli M, Martinac B. Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels: what are they and why are they important. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:795-805. [PMID: 31494839 PMCID: PMC6815293 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are integral membrane proteins which play a crucial role in fast signaling during mechanosensory transduction processes in living cells. They are ubiquitous and old in the evolutionary sense, given their presence in cells from all three kingdoms of life found on Earth, including bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic organisms. As molecular transducers of mechanical force, MS channels are activated by mechanical stimuli exerted on cellular membranes, upon which they rapidly and efficiently convert these stimuli into electrical, osmotic, and/or chemical intracellular signals. Most of what we know about the gating mechanisms of MS channels comes from the work carried out on bacterial channels. However, recent progress resulting from identification and structural information of eukaryotic K2P-type TREK and TRAAK as well as Piezo1 and Piezo2 MS channels has greatly contributed to our understanding of the common biophysical principles underlying the gating mechanism and evolutionary origins of these fascinating membrane proteins. Using Piezo1 channels as an example, we briefly describe in this review what we have learned about their biophysics, physiological functions, and potential roles in "mechanopathologies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ridone
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Boris Martinac
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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139
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Mammalian Mechanoelectrical Transduction: Structure and Function of Force-Gated Ion Channels. Cell 2019; 179:340-354. [PMID: 31585078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of force into an electrical cellular signal is mediated by the opening of different types of mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs), including TREK/TRAAK K2P channels, Piezo1/2, TMEM63/OSCA, and TMC1/2. Mechanoelectrical transduction plays a key role in hearing, balance, touch, and proprioception and is also implicated in the autonomic regulation of blood pressure and breathing. Thus, dysfunction of MSCs is associated with a variety of inherited and acquired disease states. Significant progress has recently been made in identifying these channels, solving their structure, and understanding the gating of both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing MSCs. Besides prototypical activation by membrane tension, additional gating mechanisms involving channel curvature and/or tethered elements are at play.
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140
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Conrard L, Tyteca D. Regulation of Membrane Calcium Transport Proteins by the Surrounding Lipid Environment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E513. [PMID: 31547139 PMCID: PMC6843150 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are major messengers in cell signaling, impacting nearly every aspect of cellular life. Those signals are generated within a wide spatial and temporal range through a large variety of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers. More and more evidences suggest that Ca2+ exchanges are regulated by their surrounding lipid environment. In this review, we point out the technical challenges that are currently being overcome and those that still need to be defeated to analyze the Ca2+ transport protein-lipid interactions. We then provide evidences for the modulation of Ca2+ transport proteins by lipids, including cholesterol, acidic phospholipids, sphingolipids, and their metabolites. We also integrate documented mechanisms involved in the regulation of Ca2+ transport proteins by the lipid environment. Those include: (i) Direct interaction inside the protein with non-annular lipids; (ii) close interaction with the first shell of annular lipids; (iii) regulation of membrane biophysical properties (e.g., membrane lipid packing, thickness, and curvature) directly around the protein through annular lipids; and (iv) gathering and downstream signaling of several proteins inside lipid domains. We finally discuss recent reports supporting the related alteration of Ca2+ and lipids in different pathophysiological events and the possibility to target lipids in Ca2+-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Conrard
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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141
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Tyler AII, Greenfield JL, Seddon JM, Brooks NJ, Purushothaman S. Coupling Phase Behavior of Fatty Acid Containing Membranes to Membrane Bio-Mechanics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:187. [PMID: 31616666 PMCID: PMC6763698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes constantly modulate their fluidity for proper functioning of the cell. Modulation of membrane properties via regulation of fatty acid composition has gained a renewed interest owing to its relevance in endocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum membrane homeostasis, and adaptation mechanisms in the deep sea. Endowed with significant degrees of freedom, the presence of free fatty acids can alter the curvature of membranes which in turn can alter the response of curvature sensing proteins, thus defining adaptive ways to reconfigure membranes. Most significantly, recent experiments demonstrated that polyunsaturated lipids facilitate membrane bending and fission by endocytic proteins – the first step in the biogenesis of synaptic vesicles. Despite the vital roles of fatty acids, a systematic study relating the interactions between fatty acids and membrane and the consequent effect on the bio-mechanics of membranes under the influence of fatty acids has been sparse. Of specific interest is the vast disparity in the properties of cis and trans fatty acids, that only differ in the orientation of the double bond and yet have entirely unique and opposing chemical properties. Here we demonstrate a combined X-ray diffraction and membrane fluctuation analysis method to couple the structural properties to the biophysical properties of fatty acid-laden membranes to address current gaps in our understanding. By systematically doping pure dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) membranes with cis fatty acid and trans fatty acid we demonstrate that the presence of fatty acids doesn’t always fluidize the membrane. Rather, an intricate balance between the curvature, molecular interactions, as well as the amount of specific fatty acid dictates the fluidity of membranes. Lower concentrations are dominated by the nature of interactions between the phospholipid and the fatty acids. Trans fatty acid increases the rigidity while decreasing the area per lipid similar to the properties depicted by the addition of saturated fatty acids to lipidic membranes. Cis fatty acid however displays the accepted view of having a fluidizing effect at small concentrations. At higher concentrations curvature frustration dominates, leading to increased rigidity irrespective of the type of fatty acid. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions as detailed in the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwen I I Tyler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sowmya Purushothaman
- Department of Material Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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142
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Piezo2 integrates mechanical and thermal cues in vertebrate mechanoreceptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17547-17555. [PMID: 31413193 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910213116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tactile information is detected by thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the skin and integrated by the central nervous system to produce the perception of somatosensation. Here we investigate the mechanism by which thermal and mechanical stimuli begin to interact and report that it is achieved by the mechanotransduction apparatus in cutaneous mechanoreceptors. We show that moderate cold potentiates the conversion of mechanical force into excitatory current in all types of mechanoreceptors from mice and tactile-specialist birds. This effect is observed at the level of mechanosensitive Piezo2 channels and can be replicated in heterologous systems using Piezo2 orthologs from different species. The cold sensitivity of Piezo2 is dependent on its blade domains, which render the channel resistant to cold-induced perturbations of the physical properties of the plasma membrane and give rise to a different mechanism of mechanical activation than that of Piezo1. Our data reveal that Piezo2 is an evolutionarily conserved mediator of thermal-tactile integration in cutaneous mechanoreceptors.
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