101
|
Najafi S, Rajaei E, Moallemian R, Nokhostin F. The potential similarities of COVID-19 and autoimmune disease pathogenesis and therapeutic options: new insights approach. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3223-3235. [PMID: 32885345 PMCID: PMC7471540 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine pathways and their signaling disorders can be the cause of onset and pathogenesis of many diseases such as autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 infection. Autoimmune patients may be at higher risk of developing infection due to the impaired immune responses, the use of immunosuppressive drugs, and damage to various organs. Increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and intolerance of the patient's immune system to COVID-19 infection are the leading causes of hospitalization of these patients. The content used in this paper has been taken from English language articles (2005-2020) retrieved from the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine using "COVID-19," "Autoimmune disease," "Therapeutic," "Pathogenesis," and "Pathway" keywords. The emergence of COVID-19 and its association with autoimmune disorders is a major challenge in the management of these diseases. The results showed that the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases can make diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 more challenging by preventing the fever. Due to the common pathogenesis of COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases, the use of autoimmune drugs as a possible treatment option could help control the virus. KEY POINTS: • Inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 • ACE2 dysfunctions are related to the with COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases • The use autoimmune diseases drugs can be useful in treating COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Najafi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Rajaei
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rezvan Moallemian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Forough Nokhostin
- Internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Plant isoquinoline alkaloids as potential neurodrugs: A comparative study of the effects of benzo[c]phenanthridine and berberine-based compounds on β-amyloid aggregation. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 334:109300. [PMID: 33098838 PMCID: PMC7577920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a comparative study of the effects of isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to benzo[c]phenanthridine and berberine families on β-amyloid aggregation. Results obtained using a Thioflavine T (ThT) fluorescence assay and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy suggested that the benzo[c]phenanthridine nucleus, present in both sanguinarine and chelerythrine molecules, was directly involved in an inhibitory effect of Aβ1-42 aggregation. Conversely, coralyne, that contains the isomeric berberine nucleus, significantly increased propensity for Aβ1-42 to aggregate. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments provided quantitative estimation of these interactions: coralyne bound to Aβ1-42 with an affinity (KD = 11.6 μM) higher than benzo[c]phenanthridines. Molecular docking studies confirmed that all three compounds are able to recognize Aβ1-42 in different aggregation forms suggesting their effective capacity to modulate the Aβ1-42 self-recognition mechanism. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that coralyne increased the β-content of Aβ1-42, in early stages of aggregation, consistent with fluorescence-based promotion of the Aβ1-42 self-recognition mechanism by this alkaloid. At the same time, sanguinarine induced Aβ1-42 helical conformation corroborating its ability to delay aggregation as experimentally proved in vitro. The investigated compounds were shown to interfere with aggregation of Aβ1-42 demonstrating their potential as starting leads for the development of therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
103
|
Zhao D, Abbasi A, Rossiter HB, Su X, Liu H, Pi Y, Sang L, Zhong W, Yang Q, Guo X, Zhou Y, Li T, Casaburi R, Zhang N. Serum Amyloid A in Stable COPD Patients is Associated with the Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2379-2388. [PMID: 33061355 PMCID: PMC7535123 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s266844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to determine whether circulating inflammatory biomarkers were associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype in stable COPD patients ie, those with two or more exacerbations in the previous year. Methods Eighty-eight stable, severe, COPD patients (4 females) were assessed for exacerbation frequency, pulmonary function, fraction of expired nitric oxide (FENO); inflammatory variables were measured in venous blood. Logistic regression assessed associations between the frequent exacerbator phenotype and systemic inflammation. Results Compared with infrequent exacerbators, frequent exacerbators (n=10; 11.4%) had greater serum concentration (median (25th-75th quartile)) of serum amyloid A (SAA; 134 (84–178) vs 71 (38–116) ng/mL; P=0.024), surfactant protein D (SP-D; 15.6 (9.0–19.3) vs 8.5 (3.6–14.9) ng/mL; P=0.049) and interleukin-4 (IL-4; 0.12 (0.08–1.44) vs 0.03 (0.01–0.10) pg/mL; P=0.001). SAA, SP-D and IL-4 were not significantly correlated with FEV1%predicted or FVC %predicted. After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, FEV1/FVC and smoking pack-years, only SAA remained independently associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype (OR 1.49[1.09–2.04]; P=0.012). The odds of being a frequent exacerbator was 18-times greater in the highest SAA quartile (≥124.1 ng/mL) than the lowest SAA quartile (≤44.1 ng/mL) (OR 18.34[1.30–258.81]; P=0.031), and there was a significant positive trend of increasing OR with increasing SAA quartile (P=0.008). For SAA, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.721 for identification of frequent exacerbators; an SAA cut-off of 87.0 ng/mL yielded an 80% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity. Conclusion In stable COPD patients, SAA was independently associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype, suggesting that SAA may be a useful serum biomarker to inform progression or management in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.,Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Asghar Abbasi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xiaofen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongtian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Nuofu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Yang X, Li R, Xu L, Qian F, Sun L. Serum amyloid A3 is required for caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis through induction of RIP3-dependent necroptosis. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:34-48. [PMID: 32725692 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an early and sensitive biomarker of inflammatory diseases, but its role in acute pancreatitis (AP) is still unclear. Here, we used a caerulein-induced mouse model to investigate the role of SAA in AP and other related inflammatory responses. In our study, we found that the expression of a specific SAA isoform, SAA3, was significantly elevated in a caerulein-induced AP animal model. In addition, SAA3-knockout (Saa3-/- ) mice showed lower serum levels of amylase and lipase, tissue damage and proinflammatory cytokine production in the pancreas compared with those of wild-type mice in response to caerulein administration. AP-associated acute lung injury was also significantly attenuated in Saa3-/- mice. In our in vitro experiments, treatment with cholecystokinin and recombinant SAA3 significantly induced necroptosis and cytokine production. Moreover, we found that the regulatory effect of SAA3 on acinar cell necroptosis was through a receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings indicate that SAA3 is required for AP by inducing an RIP3-dependent necroptosis pathway in acinar cells and is a potential drug target for AP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Lu Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233003, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Han CY, Kang I, Omer M, Wang S, Wietecha T, Wight TN, Chait A. Serum amyloid A-containing HDL binds adipocyte-derived versican and macrophage-derived biglycan, reducing its antiinflammatory properties. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142635. [PMID: 32970631 PMCID: PMC7605543 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of HDL to inhibit inflammation in adipocytes and adipose tissue is reduced when HDL contains serum amyloid A (SAA) that is trapped by proteoglycans at the adipocyte surface. Because we recently found that the major extracellular matrix proteoglycan produced by hypertrophic adipocytes is versican, whereas activated adipose tissue macrophages produce mainly biglycan, we further investigated the role of proteoglycans in determining the antiinflammatory properties of HDL. The distributions of versican, biglycan, apolipoprotein A1 (the major apolipoprotein of HDL), and SAA were similar in adipose tissue from obese mice and obese human subjects. Colocalization of SAA-enriched HDL with versican and biglycan at the cell surface of adipocyte and peritoneal macrophages, respectively, was blocked by silencing these proteoglycans, which also restored the antiinflammatory property of SAA-enriched HDL despite the presence of SAA. Similar to adipocytes, normal HDL exerted its antiinflammatory function in macrophages by reducing lipid rafts, reactive oxygen species generation, and translocation of Toll-like receptor 4 and NADPH oxidase 2 into lipid rafts, effects that were not observed with SAA-enriched HDL. These findings imply that SAA present in HDL can be trapped by adipocyte-derived versican and macrophage-derived biglycan, thereby blunting HDL’s antiinflammatory properties. Versican in adiopcytes and biglycan in macrophages trap serum amyloid A-containing HDL, thereby blocking HDL’s anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yeop Han
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Gogate N, Lyman D, Crandall K, Kahsay R, Natale D, Sen S, Mazumder R. COVID-19 Biomarkers in research: Extension of the OncoMX cancer biomarker data model to capture biomarker data from other diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.09.09.196220. [PMID: 32935101 PMCID: PMC7491515 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.09.196220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientists, medical researchers, and health care workers have mobilized worldwide in response to the outbreak of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; SCoV2). Preliminary data have captured a wide range of host responses, symptoms, and lingering problems post-recovery within the human population. These variable clinical manifestations suggest differences in influential factors, such as innate and adaptive host immunity, existing or underlying health conditions, co-morbidities, genetics, and other factors. As COVID-19-related data continue to accumulate from disparate groups, the heterogeneous nature of these datasets poses challenges for efficient extrapolation of meaningful observations, hindering translation of information into clinical applications. Attempts to utilize, analyze, or combine biomarker datasets from multiple sources have shown to be inefficient and complicated, without a unifying resource. As such, there is an urgent need within the research community for the rapid development of an integrated and harmonized COVID-19 Biomarker Knowledgebase. By leveraging data collection and integration methods, backed by a robust data model developed to capture cancer biomarker data we have rapidly crowdsourced the collection and harmonization of COVID-19 biomarkers. Our resource currently has 138 unique biomarkers. We found multiple instances of the same biomarker substance being suggested as multiple biomarker types during our extensive cross-validation and manual curation. As a result, our Knowledgebase currently has 265 biomarker type combinations. Every biomarker entry is made comprehensive by bringing in together ancillary data from multiple sources such as biomarker accessions (canonical UniProtKB accession, PubChem Compound ID, Cell Ontology ID, Protein Ontology ID, NCI Thesaurus Code, and Disease Ontology ID), BEST biomarker category, and specimen type (Uberon Anatomy Ontology) unified with ontology standards. Our preliminary observations show distinct trends in the collated biomarkers. Most biomarkers are related to the immune system (SAA,TNF-∝, and IP-10) or coagulopathies (D-dimer, antithrombin, and VWF) and a few have already been established as cancer biomarkers (ACE2, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2). These trends align with proposed hypotheses of clinical manifestations compounding the complexity of COVID-19 pathobiology. We explore these trends as we put forth a COVID-19 biomarker resource that will help researchers and diagnosticians alike. All biomarker data are freely available from https://data.oncomx.org/covid19 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gogate
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037
| | - D Lyman
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037
| | - K.A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - R Kahsay
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037
| | - D.A Natale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - S Sen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Mazumder
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037
- The McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Lin A, Liu J, Gong P, Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Yu Y. Serum amyloid A inhibits astrocyte migration via activating p38 MAPK. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:254. [PMID: 32861245 PMCID: PMC7456509 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of astrocytes around senile plaques is one of the pathological characteristics in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serum amyloid A (SAA), known as a major acute-phase protein, colocalizes with senile plaques in AD patients. Here, we demonstrate the role of SAA in astrocyte migration. METHODS The effects of SAA on astrocyte activation and accumulation around amyloid β (Aβ) deposits were detected in APP/PS1 transgenic mice mated with Saa3-/- mice. SAA expression, astrocyte activation, and colocalization with Aβ deposits were evaluated in mice using immunofluorescence staining and/or Western blotting. The migration of primary cultures of mouse astrocytes and human glioma U251 cells was examined using Boyden chamber assay and scratch-would assay. The actin and microtubule networks, protrusion formation, and Golgi apparatus location in astrocytes were determined using scratch-would assay and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Saa3 expression was significantly induced in aged APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brain. Saa3 deficiency exacerbated astrocyte activation and increased the number of astrocytes around Aβ deposits in APP/PS1 mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that SAA inhibited the migration of primary cultures of astrocytes and U251 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that SAA inhibited astrocyte polarization and protrusion formation via disrupting actin and microtubule reorganization and Golgi reorientation. Inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway abolished the suppression of SAA on astrocyte migration and polarization. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that increased SAA in the brain of APP/PS1 mice inhibits the migration of astrocytes to amyloid plaques by activating the p38 MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanqing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Kawasaki H, Murakami T, Badr Y, Kamiya S, Shimizu K, Okada A, Inoshima Y. In vitro and ex vivo expression of serum amyloid A3 in mouse lung epithelia. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:352-361. [PMID: 32842790 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1809750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute-phase protein whose level tracks infection and inflammation, is the precursor protein of amyloid A (AA) fibrils that is thought to cause AA amyloidosis in human and animals. SAA protein has several isoforms based on the difference of amino acid sequence, such as SAA1 to SAA4 in mice. AA fibrils are associated with chronic inflammation and are mainly originated from SAA1 produced in the liver. SAA3 reportedly contributes to the innate immune response in epithelia; however, little is known about its role at the lung epithelia. Therefore, we investigated SAA3 expression in the lung epithelium activated by bacterial antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expressions of SAA3 and SAA1 mRNA were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR, in vitro using mouse Clara (Club) cells and ex vivo using surgically removed mouse lungs, after their stimulation by using either lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer membranous antigen of gram-negative bacteria, or lipoteichoic acid (LTA), the major outer membranous antigen of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, SAA3 and SAA1/2 proteins in treated lung samples were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS SAA3 mRNA expression increased in cells and lungs treated with either LPS or LTA. SAA3 mRNA was more sensitively expressed in LPS than LTA treatment. In contrast, SAA1 mRNA expression did not increase by either LPS or LTA treatment. Furthermore, SAA3 mRNA expression increased in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. By IHC, SAA3 protein was highly expressed in the luminal side of the bronchial epithelium, while SAA1/2 was not expressed. CONCLUSION These results obtained from in vitro and ex vivo experiments suggest that SAA3 plays an important role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection in the lung epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yassien Badr
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Sato Kamiya
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Comprehensive Analyses of miRNA-mRNA Network and Potential Drugs in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5156304. [PMID: 32714978 PMCID: PMC7355352 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5156304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease with a relatively low survival rate. Moreover, the pathogenesis of IPAH has not been fully recognized. Thus, comprehensive analyses of miRNA-mRNA network and potential drugs in IPAH are urgent requirements. Methods Microarray datasets of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) in IPAH were searched and downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) were identified. Then, the DEMI-DEG network was conducted with associated comprehensive analyses including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, while potential drugs targeting hub genes were investigated using L1000 platform. Results 30 DEGs and 6 DEMIs were identified in the lung tissue of IPAH. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that these DEGs were mostly enriched in antimicrobial humoral response and African trypanosomiasis, respectively. The DEMI-DEG network was conducted subsequently with 4 DEMIs (hsa-miR-34b-5p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-205-5p, and hsa-miR-199a-3p) and 16 DEGs, among which 5 DEGs (AQP9, SPP1, END1, VCAM1, and SAA1) were included in the top 10 hub genes of the PPI network. Nimodipine was identified with the highest CMap connectivity score in L1000 platform. Conclusion Our study conducted a miRNA-mRNA network and identified 4 miRNAs as well as 5 mRNAs which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of IPAH. Moreover, we provided a new insight for future therapies by predicting potential drugs targeting hub genes.
Collapse
|
110
|
Leuchsenring AB, Karlsson C, Bundgaard L, Malmström J, Heegaard PMH. Targeted mass spectrometry for Serum Amyloid A (SAA) isoform profiling in sequential blood samples from experimentally Staphylococcus aureus infected pigs. J Proteomics 2020; 227:103904. [PMID: 32702520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a well-described acute phase protein induced during the acute phase response (APR) to infection. Four isoform specific genes are found in most mammals. Depending on species, SAA3 and SAA4 are generally preferentially expressed extrahepatically whereas SAA1 and SAA2 are hepatic isoforms dominating the SAA serum pool. Little is known about how specific infections affect the serum SAA isoform profile, as SAA isoform discriminating antibodies are not generally available. An antibody independent, quantitative targeted MS method (Selected Reaction Monitoring, SRM) based on available information on porcine SAA isoform genes was developed and used to profile SAA in serum samples from pigs experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). While results suggest SAA2 as the main circulating porcine SAA isoform, induced around 10 times compared to non-infected controls, total SAA serum concentrations reached only around 4 μg/mL, much lower than established previously by immunoassays. This might suggest that SAA isoform variants not detected by the SRM method might be present in porcine serum. The assay allows monitoring host responses to experimental infections, infectious diseases and inflammation states in the pig at an unprecedented level of detail. It can also be used in a non-calibrated (relative quantification) format. SIGNIFICANCE: We developed an SRM MS method which for the first time allowed the specific quantification of each of the circulating porcine SAA isoforms (SAA2, SAA3, SAA4). It was found that SAA2 is the dominating circulating isoform of SAA in the pig and that, during the acute phase response to Sa infection SAA2, SAA3 and SAA4 are induced approx. 10, 15 and 2 times, respectively. Absolute levels of the isoforms as determined by SRM MS were much lower than reported previously for total SAA quantified by immunosassays, suggesting the existence of hitherto non-described SAA variants. SRM MS holds great promise for the study of the basic biology of SAA isoforms with the potential to study an even broader range of SAA variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barslund Leuchsenring
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christofer Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, BMC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Louise Bundgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, BMC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter M H Heegaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Chait A, den Hartigh LJ, Wang S, Goodspeed L, Babenko I, Altemeier WA, Vaisar T. Presence of serum amyloid A3 in mouse plasma is dependent on the nature and extent of the inflammatory stimulus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10397. [PMID: 32587356 PMCID: PMC7316782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) derives mainly from extrahepatic tissue and is not detected in plasma from moderately inflamed obese mice. In contrast, it is present in plasma from mice acutely inflamed by injection of high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To reconcile these differences, we evaluated whether different acute inflammatory stimuli could affect the presence of Saa3 in plasma. Saa3 appeared dose dependently in plasma after LPS injection. In contrast, only very low levels were detected after sterile inflammation with silver nitrate despite levels of Saa1 and Saa2 being comparable to high dose LPS. Saa3 was not detected in plasma following casein administration. Although most Saa3 was found in HDL, a small amount was not lipoprotein associated. Gene expression and proteomic analysis of liver and adipose tissue suggested that a major source of Saa3 in plasma after injection of LPS was adipose tissue rather than liver. We conclude that Saa3 only appears in plasma after induction of acute inflammation by some but not all inflammatory stimuli. These findings are consistent with the observation that Saa3 is not detectable in plasma in more moderate chronic inflammatory states such as obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ilona Babenko
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - William A Altemeier
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
The transcriptional repressor Blimp1/PRDM1 regulates the maternal decidual response in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2782. [PMID: 32493987 PMCID: PMC7270082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Blimp1 controls cell fate decisions in the developing embryo and adult tissues. Here we describe Blimp1 expression and functional requirements within maternal uterine tissues during pregnancy. Expression is robustly up-regulated at early post-implantation stages in the primary decidual zone (PDZ) surrounding the embryo. Conditional inactivation results in defective formation of the PDZ barrier and abnormal trophectoderm invasion. RNA-Seq analysis demonstrates down-regulated expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and markers of decidualisation. In contrast, genes controlling immune responses including IFNγ are up-regulated. ChIP-Seq experiments identify candidate targets unique to the decidua as well as those shared across diverse cell types including a highly conserved peak at the Csf-1 gene promoter. Interestingly Blimp1 inactivation results in up-regulated Csf1 expression and macrophage recruitment into maternal decidual tissues. These results identify Blimp1 as a critical regulator of tissue remodelling and maternal tolerance during early stages of pregnancy.
Collapse
|
113
|
Otsuka M, Nishi Y, Tsukano K, Tsuchiya M, Lakritz J, Suzuki K. Sequential changes in hepatic mRNA abundance and serum concentration of serum amyloid A in cattle with acute inflammation caused by endotoxin. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1006-1011. [PMID: 32493888 PMCID: PMC7399330 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to elucidate sequential changes in mRNA abundance of serum amyloid A (SAA) isotypes in endotoxin (ETX) challenge model cattle. Ten healthy cattle were separated to 2 groups: control and ETX groups. Cattle in the ETX group were challenged by 2.5 µg/kg of O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide in 4 ml of autologous serum. Blood samples were withdrawn at pre, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after ETX challenge. Plasma ETX activity, serum SAA concentrations, mRNA abundance of interleukin (IL)-6, SAA2 and SAA4 in the liver and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were measured. The plasma ETX activity in the ETX group increased at 0.5 hr after the ETX challenge. The serum SAA value remained higher between 12 and 72 hr after the ETX challenge than that of the control group. Hepatic IL-6 mRNA abundance in the ETX group increased at 2 hr after the ETX challenge. Hepatic SAA2 and SAA4 mRNA abundance significantly increased from 4 hr after administration, and remained significantly higher than those pre-values up to 12 and 24 hr, respectively. The abundance ratio of hepatic SAA2 was much higher than that of SAA4. The major isotype was SAA2 in liver tissue, and it is indicating systemic inflammation in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Otsuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nishi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tsuchiya
- Microbial Solutions, Charles River, 1023 Wappoo Road, Suite 43B, Charleston, SC 29407, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lakritz
- College of Veterinary Medical Science, Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Tengeler AC, Gart E, Wiesmann M, Arnoldussen IAC, van Duyvenvoorde W, Hoogstad M, Dederen PJ, Verweij V, Geenen B, Kozicz T, Kleemann R, Morrison MC, Kiliaan AJ. Propionic acid and not caproic acid, attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and improves (cerebro) vascular functions in obese Ldlr -/- .Leiden mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:9575-9593. [PMID: 32472598 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000455r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic increases the interest to elucidate impact of short-chain fatty acids on metabolism, obesity, and the brain. We investigated the effects of propionic acid (PA) and caproic acid (CA) on metabolic risk factors, liver and adipose tissue pathology, brain function, structure (by MRI), and gene expression, during obesity development in Ldlr-/- .Leiden mice. Ldlr-/- .Leiden mice received 16 weeks either a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity, or chow as reference group. Next, obese HFD-fed mice were treated 12 weeks with (a) HFD + CA (CA), (b) HFD + PA (PA), or (c) a HFD-control group. PA reduced the body weight and systolic blood pressure, lowered fasting insulin levels, and reduced HFD-induced liver macrovesicular steatosis, hypertrophy, inflammation, and collagen content. PA increased the amount of glucose transporter type 1-positive cerebral blood vessels, reverted cerebral vasoreactivity, and HFD-induced effects in microstructural gray and white matter integrity of optic tract, and somatosensory and visual cortex. PA and CA also reverted HFD-induced effects in functional connectivity between visual and auditory cortex. However, PA mice were more anxious in open field, and showed reduced activity of synaptogenesis and glutamate regulators in hippocampus. Therefore, PA treatment should be used with caution even though positive metabolic, (cerebro) vascular, and brain structural and functional effects were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse A C Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Hoogstad
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Dederen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
The Als3 Cell Wall Adhesin Plays a Critical Role in Human Serum Amyloid A1-Induced Cell Death and Aggregation in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00024-20. [PMID: 32205353 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00024-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins play critical roles in the host defense against invading pathogens. We recently discovered that recombinantly expressed human and mouse serum amyloid A1 (rhSAA1 and rmSAA1, respectively) proteins have potent antifungal activities against the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans At high concentrations, rhSAA1 disrupts C. albicans membrane integrity and induces rapid fungal cell death. In the present study, we find that rhSAA1 promotes cell aggregation and targets the C. albicans cell wall adhesin Als3. Inactivation of ALS3 in C. albicans leads to a striking decrease in cell aggregation and cell death upon rhSAA1 treatment, suggesting that Als3 plays a critical role in SAA1 sensing. We further demonstrate that deletion of the transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of ALS3, such as AHR1, BCR1, and EFG1, in C. albicans results in similar effects to that of the als3/als3 mutant upon rhSAA1 treatment. Global gene expression profiling indicates that rhSAA1 has a discernible impact on the expression of cell wall- and metabolism-related genes, suggesting that rhSAA1 treatment could lead to a nutrient starvation effect on C. albicans cells.
Collapse
|
116
|
Murata E, Kozaki S, Murakami T, Shimizu K, Okada A, Ishiguro N, Inoshima Y. Differential expression of serum amyloid A1 and A3 in bovine epithelia. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:764-770. [PMID: 32378645 PMCID: PMC7324830 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is both an amyloidogenic protein of amyloid A amyloidosis and an acute phase protein in most animal species. Although SAA isoforms, such as SAA1, 2, 3, and 4, have been identified in cattle, their biological functions are not completely understood. Previous studies using mice indicated that SAA3 mRNA expression increased by stimulation with Escherichia coli and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in colonic epithelial cells, and subsequently the SAA3 protein enhanced the expression of mucin2 (MUC2) mRNA, which is the major component of the colonic mucus layer. These results suggest that SAA3 plays a role in host innate immunity against bacterial infection in the intestine. In this study, a novel anti-bovine SAA3 monoclonal antibody was produced and SAA3 expression levels in bovine epithelia were examined in vitro and in vivo using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). SAA3 mRNA expression, but not that of SAA1, was enhanced by LPS stimulus in bovine small intestinal and mammary glandular epithelial cells in vitro. Moreover, in bovine epithelia (small intestine, mammary gland, lung, and uterus) obtained from four Holstein dairy cows from a slaughterhouse, SAA3 mRNA expression was higher than that of SAA1. Furthermore, using IHC, SAA3 protein expression was observed in bovine epithelia, whereas SAA1 protein was not. These results suggest that in cattle, SAA3 plays an immunological role against bacterial infection in epithelial tissues, including the small intestine, mammary gland, lung, and uterus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Murata
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoi Kozaki
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Olumee-Shabon Z, Chattopadhaya C, Myers MJ. Proteomics profiling of swine serum following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8639. [PMID: 31659824 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There are no approved animal drugs for management of inflammation in swine due to lack of validated animal models. To assess efficacy, it was essential to develop proteomics approaches to identify suitable biomarkers of inflammation as presented in this study. METHODS Serum samples were collected from a group of four pigs prior to (baseline) and 24 and 48 h following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to reveal proteomic changes during inflammation. Two other pigs served as untreated controls. Proteins were separated by either one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) or two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis (2DE) prior to analysis by nano-flow liquid chromatography (nLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). RESULTS We identified 165 proteins using SDS-PAGE, of which 47 proteins were also detected by 2DE prior to nLC/MS/MS. More than half (72%) of all characterized proteins were modulated as a result of LPS stimulation, many of which are known to be involved with innate and adaptive immunity. Pig serum samples obtained 24 h after LPS initiation of inflammation showed protein modulations of serum albumin, serotransferrin, light and heavy immunoglobulin chains (IGs), and major acute phase proteins including haptoglobin (HPT), serum amyloid A2 (SAA2), C-reactive protein (CRP), β-2-glycoprotein 1 (B-2GP1), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (A2HS), α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), and α-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AG). SAA2 was distinguished from the other SAA isoforms by the unique peptide sequence of SAA2. CONCLUSIONS The results provided proteomics analysis of swine serum due to LPS stimulation and indicated the importance of SAA2, which appears to be unique and may be regarded as a potential clinical diagnostic biomarker of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Olumee-Shabon
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Chaitali Chattopadhaya
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Slovis NM, Browne N, Bozorgmanesh R. Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Equine Practice. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020; 36:161-171. [PMID: 32145834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to benchtop diagnostic modalities that have been translated into portable and easy-to-use formats suitable for patient-side use. Recent advances in diagnostic technology have allowed the development of a growing collection of POCT assays available to equine practitioners. Advantages include rapid results that reduce initial guesswork and promote diagnosis-targeted patient care, which may ultimately provide better clinical outcomes. Small handheld devices comprise most POCT technologies, providing qualitative or quantitative determination of an increasing range of analytes, including critical care analyzers and, more recently, hematology and immunology analyzers. This article discusses commercially available equine POCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, McGee Medical Center, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
| | - Nimet Browne
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, McGee Medical Center, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Rana Bozorgmanesh
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, McGee Medical Center, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Lawenius L, Scheffler JM, Gustafsson KL, Henning P, Nilsson KH, Colldén H, Islander U, Plovier H, Cani PD, de Vos WM, Ohlsson C, Sjögren K. Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila protects from fat mass gain but not from bone loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E480-E491. [PMID: 31961709 PMCID: PMC7191407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00425.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria can protect from ovariectomy (ovx)-induced bone loss in mice. Akkermansia muciniphila is considered to have probiotic potential due to its beneficial effect on obesity and insulin resistance. The purpose of the present study was to determine if treatment with pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila (pAkk) could prevent ovx-induced bone loss. Mice were treated with vehicle or pAkk for 4 wk, starting 3 days before ovx or sham surgery. Treatment with pAkk reduced fat mass accumulation confirming earlier findings. However, treatment with pAkk decreased trabecular and cortical bone mass in femur and vertebra of gonadal intact mice and did not protect from ovx-induced bone loss. Treatment with pAkk increased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and increased expression of the calcium transporter Trpv5 in kidney suggesting increased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys. Serum amyloid A 3 (SAA3) can suppress bone formation and mediate the effects of PTH on bone resorption and bone loss in mice and treatment with pAkk increased serum levels of SAA3 and gene expression of Saa3 in colon. Moreover, regulatory T cells can be protective of bone and pAkk-treated mice had decreased number of regulatory T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and bone marrow. In conclusion, treatment with pAkk protected from ovx-induced fat mass gain but not from bone loss and reduced bone mass in gonadal intact mice. Our findings with pAkk differ from some probiotics that have been shown to protect bone mass, demonstrating that not all prebiotic and probiotic factors have the same effect on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lawenius
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia M Scheffler
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin L Gustafsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin H Nilsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannah Colldén
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hubert Plovier
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Frame NM, Kumanan M, Wales TE, Bandara A, Fändrich M, Straub JE, Engen JR, Gursky O. Structural Basis for Lipid Binding and Function by an Evolutionarily Conserved Protein, Serum Amyloid A. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1978-1995. [PMID: 32035904 PMCID: PMC7225066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a plasma protein that transports lipids during inflammation. To explore SAA solution conformations and lipid-binding mechanism, we used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, lipoprotein reconstitution, amino acid sequence analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations. Solution conformations of lipid-bound and lipid-free mSAA1 at pH~7.4 agreed in details with the crystal structures but also showed important differences. The results revealed that amphipathic α-helices h1 and h3 comprise a lipid-binding site that is partially pre-formed in solution, is stabilized upon binding lipids, and shows lipid-induced folding of h3. This site sequesters apolar ligands via a concave hydrophobic surface in SAA oligomers. The largely disordered/dynamic C-terminal region is conjectured to mediate the promiscuous binding of other ligands. The h1-h2 linker region is predicted to form an unexpected β-hairpin that may represent an early amyloidogenic intermediate. The results help establish structural underpinnings for understanding SAA interactions with its key functional ligands, its evolutional conservation, and its transition to amyloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Frame
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Meera Kumanan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Asanga Bandara
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, United States; Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Nakagun S, Watanabe K, Tajima Y, Yamada TK, Kobayashi Y. Systemic Amyloid A Amyloidosis in Stejneger's Beaked Whales ( Mesoplodon stejnegeri). Vet Pathol 2020; 57:437-444. [PMID: 32202230 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820914079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stejneger's beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) are one of the lesser known species of mammals, with little information available on their population status or incidence of diseases. Recent pathologic investigations on stranded and bycaught wild cetaceans around Hokkaido, Japan, revealed an unusually high incidence of systemic amyloidosis in this species, warranting further investigation. The objective of this study was to further characterize the systemic amyloidosis of Stejneger's beaked whales by retrospective histopathologic analyses of tissues from animals that stranded in Japan between 1994 and 2018. Various tissues from 35 individuals were examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin, Congo red, and immunohistochemistry for amyloid A (AA), in which 12 (34%) were diagnosed with systemic amyloidosis. The organs with the highest severity of amyloid deposition were the stomach and intestine. The type of amyloid was confirmed as AA of approximately 9 kDa by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with extracted amyloid from the liver and subsequent Western blotting with an antiserum against AA peptide. There were no statistically significant associations between amyloidosis and sex, body condition of the whales, or the presence of chronic inflammation. The high prevalence of this disease might be of concern for overall population numbers, and continued pathologic monitoring of stranded animals is necessary throughout its distributional range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakagun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuko Tajima
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadasu K Yamada
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Association between serum amyloid A levels and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 studies. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:331-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
123
|
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Inhibits Serum Amyloid A (SAA)-Induced Vascular and Renal Dysfunctions in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041316. [PMID: 32075280 PMCID: PMC7072968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) promotes endothelial inflammation and dysfunction that is associated with cardiovascular disease and renal pathologies. SAA is an apoprotein for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its sequestration to HDL diminishes SAA bioactivity. Herein we investigated the effect of co-supplementing HDL on SAA-mediated changes to vascular and renal function in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice in the absence of a high-fat diet. Male ApoE-/- mice received recombinant human SAA or vehicle (control) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection every three days for two weeks with or without freshly isolated human HDL supplemented by intravenous (i.v.) injection in the two weeks preceding SAA stimulation. Aorta and kidney were harvested 4 or 18 weeks after commencement of treatment. At 4 weeks after commencement of treatment, SAA increased aortic vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression and F2-isoprostane level and decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), consistent with SAA stimulating endothelial dysfunction and promoting atherosclerosis. SAA also stimulated renal injury and inflammation that manifested as increased urinary protein, kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, and renal tissue cytokine/chemokine levels as well as increased protein tyrosine chlorination and P38 MAPkinase activation and decreased in Bowman's space, confirming that SAA elicited a pro-inflammatory phenotype in the kidney. At 18 weeks, vascular lesions increased significantly in the cohort of ApoE-/- mice treated with SAA alone. By contrast, pretreatment of mice with HDL decreased SAA pro-inflammatory activity, inhibited SAA enhancement of aortic lesion size and renal function, and prevented changes to glomerular Bowman's space. Taken together, these data indicate that supplemented HDL reduces SAA-mediated endothelial and renal dysfunction in an atherosclerosis-prone mouse model.
Collapse
|
124
|
Soriano S, Moffet B, Wicker E, Villapol S. Serum Amyloid A is Expressed in the Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1199-1211. [PMID: 32060858 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein upregulated in the liver after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, it has not been investigated whether SAA expression also occurs in the brain in response to TBI. For this, we performed a moderate controlled cortical impact injury in adult male and female mice and analyzed brain, blood, and liver samples at 6 h, 1, 3, and 10 days post-injury (dpi). We measured the levels of SAA in serum, brain and liver by western blot. We also used immunohistochemical techniques combined with in situ hybridization to determine SAA mRNA and protein expression in the brain. Our results revealed higher levels of SAA in the bloodstream in males compared to females at 6 h post-TBI. Liver and serum SAA protein showed a peak of expression at 1 dpi followed by a decrease at 3 to 10 dpi in both sexes. Both SAA mRNA and protein expression colocalize with astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in the cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, and hippocampus after TBI. For the first time, here we show that SAA is expressed in the brain in response to TBI. Collectively, SAA expression was higher in males compared to females, and in association with the sex-dependent neuroinflammatory response after brain injury. We suggest that SAA could be a crucial protein associated to the acute neuroinflammation following TBI, not only for its hepatic upregulation but also for its expression in the injured brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Soriano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bridget Moffet
- M.S. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Evan Wicker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience in Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Pichiah PBT, Sankarganesh D, Arunachalam S, Achiraman S. Adipose-Derived Molecules-Untouched Horizons in Alzheimer's Disease Biology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:17. [PMID: 32116650 PMCID: PMC7032035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise with the increase in obesity and metabolic disease epidemic. Obesity is co-morbid with the increase in mass of adipose tissue, which secretes numerous molecules that are biologically important. Obesity and its associated conditions are perhaps involved in the causative pathway of AD. Immunologically important cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-18, which are released by adipose tissue, are also found to be associated with AD. Besides, the expression of IL-6, IFNγ, and TNF alpha are also associated with AD. Ang-I and Ang-II are found to mediate the progression of AD. Complement factors B, C4b, and H are differentially expressed in AD. Overall, several adipocyte-derived cytokines are found to be dysregulated in AD, and their role in AD remains to be studied. The induction of autophagy is a very promising strategy in the treatment of AD. A variety of adipose-derived molecules have been shown to modulate autophagy. However, very little literature is available on the role of adipose-derived molecules in inducing autophagy in microglial cells of AD. Understanding the role of adipose-derived molecules in the development of AD, especially in the induction of autophagy, would open up new avenues in devising strategies for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Shanmugam Achiraman
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Hahn A, Kny M, Pablo-Tortola C, Todiras M, Willenbrock M, Schmidt S, Schmoeckel K, Jorde I, Nowak M, Jarosch E, Sommer T, Bröker BM, Felix SB, Scheidereit C, Weber-Carstens S, Butter C, Luft FC, Fielitz J. Serum amyloid A1 mediates myotube atrophy via Toll-like receptors. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:103-119. [PMID: 31441598 PMCID: PMC7015249 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients frequently develop muscle atrophy and weakness in the intensive-care-unit setting [intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW)]. Sepsis, systemic inflammation, and acute-phase response are major risk factors. We reported earlier that the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is increased and accumulates in muscle of ICUAW patients, but its relevance was unknown. Our objectives were to identify SAA1 receptors and their downstream signalling pathways in myocytes and skeletal muscle and to investigate the role of SAA1 in inflammation-induced muscle atrophy. METHODS We performed cell-based in vitro and animal in vivo experiments. The atrophic effect of SAA1 on differentiated C2C12 myotubes was investigated by analysing gene expression, protein content, and the atrophy phenotype. We used the cecal ligation and puncture model to induce polymicrobial sepsis in wild type mice, which were treated with the IкB kinase inhibitor Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)-345541 or vehicle. Morphological and molecular analyses were used to investigate the phenotype of inflammation-induced muscle atrophy and the effects of BMS-345541 treatment. RESULTS The SAA1 receptors Tlr2, Tlr4, Cd36, P2rx7, Vimp, and Scarb1 were all expressed in myocytes and skeletal muscle. Treatment of differentiated C2C12 myotubes with recombinant SAA1 caused myotube atrophy and increased interleukin 6 (Il6) gene expression. These effects were mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. SAA1 increased the phosphorylation and activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB) p65 via TLR2 and TLR4 leading to an increased binding of NF-κB to NF-κB response elements in the promoter region of its target genes resulting in an increased expression of NF-κB target genes. In polymicrobial sepsis, skeletal muscle mass, tissue morphology, gene expression, and protein content were associated with the atrophy response. Inhibition of NF-κB signalling by BMS-345541 increased survival (28.6% vs. 91.7%, P < 0.01). BMS-345541 diminished inflammation-induced atrophy as shown by a reduced weight loss of the gastrocnemius/plantaris (vehicle: -21.2% and BMS-345541: -10.4%; P < 0.05), tibialis anterior (vehicle: -22.7% and BMS-345541: -17.1%; P < 0.05) and soleus (vehicle: -21.1% and BMS-345541: -11.3%; P < 0.05) in septic mice. Analysis of the fiber type specific myocyte cross-sectional area showed that BMS-345541 reduced inflammation-induced atrophy of slow/type I and fast/type II myofibers compared with vehicle-treated septic mice. BMS-345541 reversed the inflammation-induced atrophy program as indicated by a reduced expression of the atrogenes Trim63/MuRF1, Fbxo32/Atrogin1, and Fbxo30/MuSA1. CONCLUSIONS SAA1 activates the TLR2/TLR4//NF-κB p65 signalling pathway to cause myocyte atrophy. Systemic inhibition of the NF-κB pathway reduced muscle atrophy and increased survival of septic mice. The SAA1/TLR2/TLR4//NF-κB p65 atrophy pathway could have utility in combatting ICUAW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hahn
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Kny
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Pablo-Tortola
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Cardiovascular hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Nicolae Testemiţanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Michael Willenbrock
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schmidt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Schmoeckel
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilka Jorde
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Nowak
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst Jarosch
- Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Sommer
- Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Weber-Carstens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg and Medical University Brandenburg (MHB), Bernau, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Fernández JA, Deguchi H, Elias DJ, Griffin JH. Serum amyloid A4 is a procoagulant apolipoprotein that it is elevated in venous thrombosis patients. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:217-223. [PMID: 32110751 PMCID: PMC7040552 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A4 (SAA4) is an apolipoprotein that is in the SAA family and it is constitutively translated. Previously, acute-phase SAA1 and SAA2 levels were associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of plasma SAA4 with VTE and the role of SAA4 in coagulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS The association of SAA4 with VTE in a case-control study of adult VTE subjects (N = 113 each group) and the effects of recombinant SAA4 on plasma blood coagulation assays and prothrombin activation initiated by factor Xa were evaluated. RESULTS Plasma SAA4 levels in VTE subjects were higher vs. controls (48.1 vs. 38.4 µg/mL; P < .001). Elevated plasma SAA4 level (above the 90th percentile of controls) was associated with increased VTE occurrence (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-8.0). This association remained significant after the adjustment for acute-phase SAA level, suggesting that SAA4 associated with VTE is independent of acute-phase SAA. Two isoforms of SAA4, that is, glycosylated and nonglycosylated SAA4 isoforms, were each higher in VTE patients. When recombinant SAA4 was added to plasma, it shortened factor Xa-1-stage clotting times, showing that it enhances clotting in plasma. In reaction mixtures containing purified factors Xa and Va and prothrombin, recombinant SAA4 increased prothrombin activation, showing that it enhances prothrombinase activity. CONCLUSION Elevated plasma constitutive SAA4 levels were linked to VTE in adults, and SAA4 can enhance thrombin generation in plasma. Our data highlight a previously unknown procoagulant activity of SAA4 that appears to be related to risk of venous thrombotic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Fernández
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Hiroshi Deguchi
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Darlene J. Elias
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Cheng J, Cheng A, Clifford BL, Wu X, Hedin U, Maegdefessel L, Pamir N, Sallam T, Tarling EJ, de Aguiar Vallim TQ. MicroRNA-144 Silencing Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Male, but Not Female Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:412-425. [PMID: 31852219 PMCID: PMC7018399 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in developed countries. MicroRNAs act as fine-tuners of gene expression and have been shown to have important roles in the pathophysiology and progression of atherosclerosis. We, and others, previously demonstrated that microRNA-144 (miR-144) functions to post-transcriptionally regulate ABCA1 (ATP binding cassette transporter A1) and plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels. Here, we explore how miR-144 inhibition may protect against atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: We demonstrate that miR-144 silencing reduced atherosclerosis in male, but not female low-density lipoprotein receptor null (Ldlr-/-) mice. MiR-144 antagonism increased circulating HDL cholesterol levels, remodeled the HDL particle, and enhanced reverse cholesterol transport. Notably, the effects on HDL and reverse cholesterol transport were more pronounced in male mice suggesting sex-specific differences may contribute to the effects of silencing miR-144 on atherosclerosis. As a molecular mechanism, we identify the oxysterol metabolizing enzyme CYP7B1 (cytochrome P450 enzyme 7B1) as a miR-144 regulated gene in male, but not female mice. Consistent with miR-144-dependent changes in CYP7B1 activity, we show decreased levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol, a known proatherogenic sterol and the endogenous substrate for CYP7B1 in male, but not female mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate silencing miR-144 has sex-specific effects and that treatment with antisense oligonucleotides to target miR-144 might result in enhancements in reverse cholesterol transport and oxysterol metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Angela Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Bethan L. Clifford
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar – Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Pamir
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Tarling
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Q. de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Bernabei L, Waxman A, Caponetti G, Fajgenbaum DC, Weiss BM. AA amyloidosis associated with Castleman disease: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18978. [PMID: 32028407 PMCID: PMC7015640 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AA amyloidosis (AA) is caused by a wide variety of inflammatory states, but is infrequently associated with Castleman disease (CD). CD describes a heterogeneous group of hematologic disorders that share characteristic lymph node histopathology. CD can present with a solitary enlarged lymph node (unicentric CD, UCD) or with multicentric lymphadenopathy (MCD), constitutional symptoms, cytopenias, and multiple organ dysfunction due to an interleukin-6 driven cytokine storm. PATIENT CONCERNS We are reporting a case of a 26-year-old woman with no significant past medical history who presented with a 3-month history of fatigue and an unintentional 20-pound weight loss. DIAGNOSIS A CT-scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed hepatosplenomegaly and a mesenteric mass. Congo Red staining from a liver biopsy showed apple-green birefringence and serum markers were suggestive of an inflammatory process. Post-excision examination of the resected mass revealed a reactive lymph node with follicular hyperplasia with kappa and lambda stains showing polyclonal plasmacytosis consistent with CD. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent surgery to remove the affected lymph node. OUTCOMES IL-6, anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis resolved or normalized 2 weeks after resection; creatinine normalized 9 months postsurgery. Twenty two months post-surgery her IFN-γ normalized, her fatigue resolved, her proteinuria was reduced by >90% and she had returned to her baseline weight. LESSONS Our case and literature review suggest that patients presenting with UCD or MCD along with organ failure should prompt consideration of concurrent AA amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Waxman
- Penn Amyloidosis Program, Abramson Cancer Center
| | | | - David C. Fajgenbaum
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Liu S, Ji W, Lu J, Tang X, Guo Y, Ji M, Xu T, Gu W, Kong D, Shen Q, Wang D, Lv X, Wang J, Zhu T, Zhu Y, Liu P, Su J, Wang L, Li Y, Gao P, Liu W, Sun L, Yin X, Zhou W. Discovery of Potential Serum Protein Biomarkers in Ankylosing Spondylitis Using Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:864-872. [PMID: 31917576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic, chronic, and inflammatory rheumatic disease that affects 0.2% of the population. Current diagnostic criteria for disease activity rely on subjective Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores. Here, we aimed to discover a panel of serum protein biomarkers. First, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was applied to identify differential proteins between 15 pooled active AS and 60 pooled healthy subjects. Second, cohort 1 of 328 humans, including 138 active AS and 190 healthy subjects from two independent centers, was used for biomarker discovery and validation. Finally, biomarker panels were applied to differentiate among active AS, stable AS, and healthy subjects from cohort 2, which enrolled 28 patients with stable AS, 26 with active AS, and 28 healthy subjects. From the proteomics study, a total of 762 proteins were identified and 46 proteins were up-regulated and 59 proteins were down-regulated in active AS patients compared to those in healthy persons. Among them, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factor H-related protein 3 (CFHR3), α-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (ORM2), serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), fibrinogen γ (FG-γ), and fibrinogen β (FG-β) were the most significantly up-regulated inflammation-related proteins and S100A8, fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) were the most significantly down-regulated inflammation-related proteins. From the cohort 1 study, the best panel for the diagnosis of active AS vs healthy subjects is the combination of CRP and SAA1. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was nearly 0.900, the sensitivity was 0.970%, and the specificity was 0.805% at a 95% confidence interval from 0.811 to 0.977. Using 0.387 as the cutoff value, the predictive values reached 92.00% in the internal validation set (62 with active AS vs 114 healthy subjects) and 97.50% in the external validation phase (40 with active AS vs 40 healthy subjects). From the cohort 2 study, a panel of CRP and SAA1 can differentiate well among active AS, stable AS, and healthy subjects. For active AS vs stable AS, the area under the ROC curve was 0.951, the sensitivity was 96.43%, the specificity was 88.46% at a 95% confidence interval from 0.891 to 1, and the coincidence rate was 92.30%. For stable AS vs healthy humans, the area under the ROC curve was 0.908, the sensitivity was 89.29%, the specificity was 78.57% at a 95% confidence interval from 0.836 to 0.980, and the coincidence rate was 83.93%. For active AS vs healthy subjects, the predictive value was 94.44%. The results indicated that the CRP and SAA1 combination can potentially diagnose disease status, especially for active or stable AS, which will be conducive to treatment recommendation for patients with AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Wei Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Yunke Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Mingde Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Tian Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Deshun Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210046 , China
| | - Qiuxiang Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210046 , China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Xiangyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Tianyao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210046 , China
| | - Youjuan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210046 , China
| | - Ping Liu
- Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
| | - Jinfeng Su
- Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
| | - Lu Wang
- Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
| | - Pan Gao
- Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Hooijberg EH, Cray C, Steenkamp G, Buss P, Goddard A, Miller M. Assessment of the Acute Phase Response in Healthy and Injured Southern White Rhinoceros (C eratotherium simum simum). Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:475. [PMID: 31998761 PMCID: PMC6962144 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute phase reactants (APRs) have not been investigated in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). This study aimed to identify clinically useful APRs in this species. Reference intervals (RIs) were generated for albumin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, iron and serum amyloid A (SAA) from 48 free-ranging animals, except for SAA (n = 23). APR concentrations between healthy animals and those with tissue injury (inflammation) (n = 30) were compared. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses. RIs were: albumin 18–31 g/L, fibrinogen 1.7–2.9 g/L, haptoglobin 1.0–4.3 g/L, iron 9.7–35.0 μmol/L, SAA <20 mg/L. Iron and albumin were lower and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA higher in injured vs. healthy animals. Iron showed the best diagnostic accuracy followed by fibrinogen, albumin, haptoglobin and SAA. Iron ≤ 15.1 μmol/L and haptoglobin >4.7 g/L were significant predictors of inflammatory status and together correctly predicted the clinical status of 91% of cases. SAA > 20 mg/L had a specificity of 100%. In conclusion, albumin and iron are negative and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA positive APRs in the white rhinoceros. The combination of iron and haptoglobin had an excellent diagnostic accuracy for detecting inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Hooijberg
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies & Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gerhard Steenkamp
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies & Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Peter Buss
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies & Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michele Miller
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Ji A, Wang X, Noffsinger VP, Jennings D, de Beer MC, de Beer FC, Tannock LR, Webb NR. Serum amyloid A is not incorporated into HDL during HDL biogenesis. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:328-337. [PMID: 31915139 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-derived serum amyloid A (SAA) is present in plasma where it is mainly associated with HDL and from which it is cleared more rapidly than are the other major HDL-associated apolipoproteins. Although evidence suggests that lipid-free and HDL-associated forms of SAA have different activities, the pathways by which SAA associates and disassociates with HDL are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated SAA lipidation by hepatocytes and how this lipidation relates to the formation of nascent HDL particles. We also examined hepatocyte-mediated clearance of lipid-free and HDL-associated SAA. We prepared hepatocytes from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide or an SAA-expressing adenoviral vector. Alternatively, we incubated primary hepatocytes from SAA-deficient mice with purified SAA. We analyzed conditioned media to determine the lipidation status of endogenously produced and exogenously added SAA. Examining the migration of lipidated species, we found that SAA is lipidated and forms nascent particles that are distinct from apoA-I-containing particles and that apoA-I lipidation is unaltered when SAA is overexpressed or added to the cells, indicating that SAA is not incorporated into apoA-I-containing HDL during HDL biogenesis. Like apoA-I formation, generation of SAA-containing particles was dependent on ABCA1, but not on scavenger receptor class B type I. Hepatocytes degraded significantly more SAA than apoA-I. Taken together, our results indicate that SAA's lipidation and metabolism by the liver is independent of apoA-I and that SAA is not incorporated into HDL during HDL biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Ji
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Xuebing Wang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Drew Jennings
- Departments of Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Maria C de Beer
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Frederick C de Beer
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Lisa R Tannock
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nancy R Webb
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY .,Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Antifungal Activity of Mammalian Serum Amyloid A1 against Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 64:AAC.01975-19. [PMID: 31685470 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01975-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein that shows a massive increase in plasma concentration during inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrate that the expression of mouse SAA1 in serum was increased when infected with Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, in a systemic infection model. We then set out to investigate the antifungal activity of SAA proteins against C. albicans Recombinant human and mouse SAA1 (rhSAA1 and rmSAA1) were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli Both rhSAA1 and rmSAA1 exhibited a potent antifungal activity against C. albicans We further demonstrate that rhSAA1 binds to the cell surface of C. albicans, disrupts cell membrane integrity, and induces rapid fungal cell death in C. albicans Our finding expands the known functions of SAA1 and provides new insight into host-Candida interactions during fungal infection.
Collapse
|
134
|
Fan Y, Zhang G, Vong CT, Ye RD. Serum amyloid A3 confers protection against acute lung injury in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L314-L322. [PMID: 31851532 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium associated with serious illnesses, including ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes in humans. Understanding the host immune mechanisms against P. aeruginosa is, therefore, of clinical importance. The present study identified serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) as being highly inducible in mouse bronchial epithelium following P. aeruginosa infection. Genetic deletion of Saa3 rendered mice more susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection with decreased neutrophil superoxide anion production, and ex vivo treatment of mouse neutrophils with recombinant SAA3 restored the ability of neutrophils to produce superoxide anions. The SAA3-deficient mice showed exacerbated inflammatory responses, which was characterized by pronounced neutrophil infiltration, elevated expression of TNF-α, KC/CXCL1, and MIP-2/CXCL2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and increased lung microvascular permeability compared with their wild-type littermates. BALF neutrophils from Saa3 knockout mice exhibited reduced superoxide anion production compared with neutrophils from wild-type mice. Adoptive transfer of SAA3-treated neutrophils to Saa3 knockout mice ameliorated P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury. These findings demonstrate that SAA3 not only serves as a biomarker for infection and inflammation, but also plays a protective role against P. aeruginosa infection-induced lung injury in part through augmentation of neutrophil bactericidal functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gufang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Zheng H, Li H, Zhang J, Fan H, Jia L, Ma W, Ma S, Wang S, You H, Yin Z, Li X. Serum amyloid A exhibits pH dependent antibacterial action and contributes to host defense against Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infection. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:2570-2581. [PMID: 31819008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA), one of the major highly conserved acute-phase proteins in most mammals, is predominantly produced by hepatocytes and also by a variety of cells in extrahepatic tissues. It is well-known that the expression of SAA is sharply increased in bacterial infections. However, the exact physiological function of SAA during bacterial infection remains unclear. Herein, we showed that SAA expression significantly increased in abscesses of Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infected mice, which exert direct antibacterial effects by binding to the bacterial cell surface and disrupting the cell membrane in acidic conditions. Mechanically, SAA disrupts anionic liposomes by spontaneously forming small vesicles or micelles under acidic conditions. Especially, the N-terminal region of SAA is necessary for membrane disruption and bactericidal activity. Furthermore, we found that mice deficient in SAA1/2 were more susceptible to infection by S. aureus In addition, the expression of SAA in infected skin was regulated by interleukin-6. Taken together, these findings support a key role of the SAA in host defense and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cutaneous bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanlu Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuoqian Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Lu W, Chen B, Wang C, Yang X, Zhou C. Serum amyloid A levels in acute and chronic urticaria. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:411-415. [PMID: 31644612 PMCID: PMC7007030 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A is an acute-phase protein. There is no available data regarding serum amyloid A levels in patients with acute (AU) and chronic urticaria (CU). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between serum amyloid A and urticaria. METHODS This was a case-control study of 81 patients who visited our Hospital between June and December 2016 with a diagnosis of urticaria. Eighty healthy controls (HC) who visited for routine health examination and physical checkups were recruited. Serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein levels were measured by automated methods. RESULTS Serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in AU (Serum amyloid A: 207.1 (6.7-439.0) mg/L; C-reactive protein: 16.0 (0.2-90.0) mg/L) and CU (Serum amyloid A: 6.5 (2.5-35.8) mg/L; C-reactive protein: 1.0 (0.1-16.0) mg/L) compared with HC (Serum amyloid A: 5.04 (2.0-9.1) mg/L; C-reactive protein: 1.2 (0.1-5.6) mg/L), and in AU compared with CU (all P<0.05). There were no differences between the CU and HC group. In CU, Serum amyloid A levels in those with moderate/severe urticaria (median, 16.4 (9.7-35.8) mg/L) were higher than in those with mild urticaria (median, 5.7 (2.5-9.5) mg/L) and HC (all P<0.05). Serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein levels exceeded the normal lab range in 90.7% and 72.1% patients with AU compared with 28.9% and 13.2% patients with CU, respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein (r = 0.562, P < 0.001). STUDY LIMITATIONS There was no comparison between active disease and remission. CONCLUSION There was an association between serum amyloid A levels and urticaria. Higher serum amyloid A levels were associated with AU and more severe CU. Serum amyloid A may help to identify CU patients earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baobing Chen
- Medical Laboratory Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Dermatological Department, Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Radiology Department, Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Wilson JL, Mayr HK, Weichhart T. Metabolic Programming of Macrophages: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Granulomatous Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2265. [PMID: 31681260 PMCID: PMC6797840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is rapidly gaining appreciation in the etiology of immune cell dysfunction in a variety of diseases. Tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and sarcoidosis represent an important class of diseases characterized by the formation of granulomas, where macrophages are causatively implicated in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies support the incidence of macrophage metabolic reprogramming in granulomas of both infectious and non-infectious origin. These publications identify the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as the major regulators of lipid metabolism and cellular energy balance, peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), respectively, as key players in the pathological progression of granulomas. In this review, we present a comprehensive breakdown of emerging research on the link between macrophage cell metabolism and granulomas of different etiology, and how parallels can be drawn between different forms of granulomatous disease. In particular, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ signaling and lipid metabolism, which are currently the best-represented metabolic pathways in this context, and we highlight dysregulated lipid metabolism as a common denominator in granulomatous disease progression. This review therefore aims to highlight metabolic mechanisms of granuloma immune cell fate and open up research questions for the identification of potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Louise Wilson
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Katharina Mayr
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Stack JD, Cousty M, Steele E, Handel I, Lechartier A, Vinardell T, David F. Comparison of Serum Amyloid A Measurements in Equine Synovial Fluid With Routine Diagnostic Methods to Detect Synovial Infection in a Clinical Environment. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:325. [PMID: 31632987 PMCID: PMC6779708 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid analysis is utilized to diagnose septic synovitis. However, not all cases are clearly and rapidly discernible with the diagnostic tools available in the laboratory. Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute phase protein, has been shown to be elevated in synovial fluid from inflamed synovial structures. The goal of this study is to describe the correlation between two diagnostic tests measuring equine SAA levels in septic and non-septic synovial structures and to understand the correlation between an elevated SAA result and synovial sepsis. Prospective estimation of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of two tests, handheld and ELISA, measuring SAA in synovial fluid was completed in 62 horses presented with injured synovial structures. The comparison was made to a reference diagnosis based on white cell count, percentage of neutrophils, intracellular bacteria and bacterial culture on synovial fluid. Handheld test levels were classified as: 4 lines visible—SAA level negative; 3 lines visible—SAA level mild; 2 lines visible—SAA level moderate; and 1 line visible—SAA level severe and compared to the numerical value obtained with ELISA test. The ELISA SAA test had an area under the curve of 0.88 (0.78–0.98). An ELISA cut-off of 23.95 μg/mL maximized Se and Sp. This cutoff gave a Se of 0.93 (0.66–1.00) and Sp of 0.77 (0.63–0.88). The handheld test was highly correlated with the ELISA SAA test (Spearman rank correlation 0.96) and at a cutoff of moderate or higher for positive results gave identical Se and Sp. Se and Sp of synovial fluid SAA are very reliable when clinical signs of synovitis are present for >6 h. This test, in conjunction with traditional methods, can assist practitioners to rapidly diagnose and expedite appropriate intervention of synovial sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John David Stack
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Cousty
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Equin de Livet, Saint-Michel-de-Livet, France
| | - Emma Steele
- Clinique Vétérinaire de la Côte Fleurie, Bonneville-sur-Touques, France
| | - Ian Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tatiana Vinardell
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Florent David
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Acute phase proteins: a review of their function, behaviour and measurement in chickens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
140
|
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for immune system development and function. After absorption from the diet, vitamin A is converted to retinol, which is delivered to cells and tissues by retinol-binding proteins. Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are retinol-binding proteins that transport retinol specifically during an infection. In this study, we illuminate the molecular details of how SAA proteins bind to retinol. We present the cocrystal structure of mouse SAA3 bound to retinol, which reveals that 3 molecules of SAA3 assemble to form a deep binding pocket that protects retinol, a fat-soluble molecule, from the aqueous environment. Our findings thus provide structural insight into how retinol is transported throughout the body during infection. Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are strongly induced in the liver by systemic infection and in the intestine by bacterial colonization. In infected mice, SAA proteins circulate in association with the vitamin A derivative retinol, suggesting that SAAs transport retinol during infection. Here we illuminate a structural basis for the retinol–SAA interaction. In the bloodstream of infected mice, most SAA is complexed with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, we found that the majority of the circulating retinol was associated with the small fraction of SAA proteins that circulate without binding to HDL, thus identifying free SAA as the predominant retinol-binding form in vivo. We then determined the crystal structure of retinol-bound mouse SAA3 at a resolution of 2.2 Å. Retinol-bound SAA3 formed a novel asymmetric trimeric assembly that was generated by the hydrophobic packing of the conserved amphipathic helices α1 and α3. This hydrophobic packing created a retinol-binding pocket in the center of the trimer, which was confirmed by mutagenesis studies. Together, these findings illuminate the molecular basis for retinol transport by SAA proteins during infection.
Collapse
|
141
|
Vietri L, Bennett D, Cameli P, Bergantini L, Cillis G, Sestini P, Bargagli E, Rottoli P. Serum amyloid A in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Investig 2019; 57:430-434. [PMID: 31031123 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an apo-lipoprotein (12-14 kDa) produced by the liver in response to proinflammatory cytokines from activated monocytes. The precursor of SAA is an acute-phase protein involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and has been found to be increased during exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, no data are available on SAA levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and severe idiopathic form of interstitial pneumonitis associated with a usual interstitial histological and radiological pattern. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate SAA concentration in patients with IPF and to explore its potential use as a clinical biomarker. METHODS SAA levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a population of 21 patients with IPF (14 male, aged 64.8 ± 8.1 years) and compared with those in 11 healthy controls (3 male, aged 55 ± 11.3 years). Clinical, functional, and immunological data were collected in a database. RESULTS SAA levels were significantly higher in patients with IPF than in controls (p = 0.03). In patients with IPF, statistically significant correlations were found between SAA and HDL cholesterol levels (r = -0.62, p = 0.05) and FVC % predicted value (r = -0.52, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SAA is a promising marker of disease severity in patients with IPF. Our preliminary data suggest a potential pathogenetic role of alteration in lipid metabolism in this rare disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vietri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - David Bennett
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cillis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Paola Rottoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Shientag LJ, Cabrera OA, Pazour GJ. Allelic Diversity in the Serum Amyloid A2 Gene and Amyloid A Amyloidosis in a Breeding Colony of Zebra Finches ( Taeniopygia guttata). Comp Med 2019; 69:425-431. [PMID: 31462347 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis was observed in the research breeding colony of zebra finches at our institution. Some birds with hepatic AA amyloidosis were asymptomatic for comorbid conditions frequently associated with the development of AA amyloidosis, whereas other birds with comorbid conditions failed to develop AA amyloidosis, suggesting a potential genetic component to the disease. Sequencing the SAA2 gene from 20 birds yielded 18 distinct sequences that coded for 5 isoforms of the protein. Most of the amino acid substitutions are unlikely to affect the protein's structure or function, but 2 changes-R52L and V84M-were predicted to be disruptive. In particular, R52 is highly conserved across vertebrates, with only arginine or lysine found at this position in reported sequences to date. The atypical R52L substitution occurred in 2 otherwise healthy birds with hepatic AA amyloidosis, supporting the idea that this change is pathogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Shientag
- Departments of Animal Medicine and Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;,
| | - Oscar A Cabrera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Zaatout N, Ayachi A, Kecha M, Kadlec K. Identification of staphylococci causing mastitis in dairy cattle from Algeria and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1305-1314. [PMID: 31356718 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of staphylococci from cows with subclinical mastitis from independent herds in Algeria, and to characterize Staphylococcus aureus isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Quarter milk samples were collected separately, somatic cells were counted and samples with more than 200 000 somatic cells per ml were cultured on blood agar. Staphylococci isolates were identified by routine diagnostics, and S. aureus isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion and microdilution. Congo red agar was used to detect biofilm formation and capsule synthesis was detected on serum soft agar (SSA). The S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing. DNA microarray analysis was performed to detect resistance and virulence genes. Overall, 40·0% (167/418) of the cows suffered from mastitis. In 63·5% (106/167) of the cows staphylococci were identified. Nine of the 106 Staphylococcus isolates (8·5%) were S. aureus. The coagulase-negative staphylococci belonged to 14 species. All S. aureus isolates were multiresistant and biofilm forming, with 66·67% of them showing diffuse colonies on SSA and belonged to CC97-agrI-cap5. Biofilm genes (icaA/C/D), 13 genes encoding for adhesion, six genes encoding proteases, 11 genes encoding superantigen like toxins were found. Genes conferring resistance to tetracycline (tet(K)), penicillin (blaZ/I/R) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (erm(B), erm(A)) were also detected in the S. aureus from this study. CONCLUSIONS The current investigation provides a detailed molecular and biofilm formation ability of S. aureus involved in subclinical mastitis in Algeria and shows the wide distribution of adhesion and enterotoxin(-like) genes among S. aureus responsible for causing subclinical bovine mastitis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings are valuable in tracking the evolution and genomic variation of S. aureus from bovine origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Zaatout
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - A Ayachi
- Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - M Kecha
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - K Kadlec
- Dairy Herd Consulting and Research Company (MBFG), Wunstorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Iwata A, Shimizu K, Kawasaki H, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid enhance serum amyloid A3 mRNA expression in murine alveolar epithelial cells. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1409-1412. [PMID: 31391358 PMCID: PMC6863727 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein indicative of inflammation. In murine
colonic epithelial cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gram-negative bacterial antigen,
strongly enhanced mRNA expression of SAA3, but not SAA1 or SAA2, suggesting that SAA3
might respond to bacterial infection in other epithelia. We examined SAA1/2 and SAA3 mRNA
expression in murine alveolar epithelial cells exposed to LPS or the gram-positive
bacterial antigen, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), using real-time PCR. LPS enhanced SAA3 mRNA
expression at lower concentrations than did LTA, whereas SAA1/2 mRNA expression was not
enhanced by either LPS or LTA. These results suggest that SAA3 expression is enhanced in
lung epithelium upon bacterial infection as part of innate immunity, with higher
sensitivity to LPS than to LTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Iwata
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruka Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Song LT, Lai W, Li JS, Mu YZ, Li CY, Jiang SY. The interaction between serum amyloid A and Toll-like receptor 2 pathway regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2019; 91:129-137. [PMID: 31347700 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been identified to trigger inflammation response, and play a crucial role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of SAA still remains unclear during the development of periodontitis METHODS: SAA mRNA and protein expression were detected in healthy and inflammatory gingival tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Human recombinant SAA (Apo-SAA), Pam3CSK4 (a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand), siRNA-SAA, or TLR2 neutralizing antibody was applied to treat human gingival fibroblasts, respectively, or combined. SAA, TLRs, and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SAA expression increased in human inflammatory gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis (P <0.05). Apo-SAA could increase not only the mRNA expression of TLR2 (P <0.05), but also IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein levels (P <0.05) which was suppressed by TLR2 antibody in human gingival fibroblasts. Pam3CSK4 increased SAA, IL-6, and IL-8 levels (P <0.05). However, the expression of SAA, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased after transfection of siRNA-SAA (P <0.05). CONCLUSION SAA not only increases in inflammatory gingiva, but also triggers inflammatory cytokine secretion via interacting with TLR2 pathway in human gingival fibroblasts, which indicates that SAA is involved in periodontal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Song
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wen Lai
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Shan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Mu
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yun Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Center of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Sallustio F, Stasi A, Curci C, Divella C, Picerno A, Franzin R, De Palma G, Rutigliano M, Lucarelli G, Battaglia M, Staffieri F, Crovace A, Pertosa GB, Castellano G, Gallone A, Gesualdo L. Renal progenitor cells revert LPS-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by secreting CXCL6, SAA4, and BPIFA2 antiseptic peptides. FASEB J 2019; 33:10753-10766. [PMID: 31268775 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900351r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of LPS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Endothelial cells (ECs) acquired a fibroblast-like phenotype and contributed to myofibroblast generation through the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) process. Of note, human adult renal stem/progenitor cells (ARPCs) enhance the tubular regenerative mechanism during AKI but little is known about their effects on ECs. Following LPS exposure, ECs proliferated, decreased EC markers CD31 and vascular endothelial cadherin, and up-regulated myofibroblast markers, collagen I, and vimentin. The coculture with ARPCs normalized the EC proliferation rate and abrogated the LPS-induced EndMT. The gene expression analysis showed that most of the genes modulated in LPS-stimulated ARPCs belong to cell activation and defense response pathways. We showed that the ARPC-specific antifibrotic effect is exerted by the secretion of CXCL6, SAA4, and BPIFA2 produced after the anaphylatoxin stimulation. Next, we investigated the molecular signaling that underlies the ARPC protective mechanism and found that renal progenitors diverge from differentiated tubular cells and ECs in myeloid differentiation primary response 88-independent pathway activation. Finally, in a swine model of LPS-induced AKI, we observed that activated ARPCs secreted CXCL6, SAA4, and BPIFA2 as a defense response. These data open new perspectives on the treatment of both sepsis- and endotoxemia-induced AKI, suggesting an underestimated role of ARPCs in preventing endothelial dysfunction and novel strategies to protect the endothelial compartment and promote kidney repair.-Sallustio, F., Stasi, A., Curci, C., Divella, C., Picerno, A., Franzin, R., De Palma, G., Rutigliano, M., Lucarelli, G., Battaglia, M., Staffieri, F., Crovace, A., Pertosa, G. B., Castellano, G., Gallone, A., Gesualdo, L. Renal progenitor cells revert LPS-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by secreting CXCL6, SAA4, and BPIFA2 antiseptic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Divella
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Picerno
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Institutional Biobank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Bari Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Urology, Andrology, and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology, and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Urology, Andrology, and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Pertosa
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Gallone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Takase H, Tanaka M, Nakamura Y, Morita SY, Yamada T, Mukai T. Effects of lipid composition on the structural properties of human serum amyloid A in reconstituted high-density lipoprotein particles. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
148
|
Li W, Mao L, Shu X, Liu R, Hao F, Li J, Liu M, Yang L, Zhang W, Sun M, Zhong C, Jiang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals differential immune related genes expression in bovine viral diarrhea virus-2 infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:516. [PMID: 31226933 PMCID: PMC6588900 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important viral pathogen of domestic and wild ruminants. Apart from cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep) are also the susceptible hosts for BVDV. BVDV infection could interfere both of the innate and adaptive immunity of the host, while the genes and mechanisms responsible for these effects have not yet been fully understood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a pivotal role in the immune responses to viral infection, and these cells were the target of BVDV infection. In the present study, the transcriptome of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with BVDV-2 was explored by using RNA-Seq technology. Results Goat PBMCs were successfully infected by BVDV-2, as determined by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). RNA-Seq analysis results at 12 h post-infection (hpi) revealed 499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold-change ≥ ± 2, p < 0.05) between infected and mock-infected PBMCs. Of these genes, 97 were up-regulated and the remaining 352 genes were down-regulated. The identified DEGs were found to be significantly enriched for locomotion/ localization, immune response, inflammatory response, defense response, regulation of cytokine production, etc., under GO enrichment analysis. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, etc., were found to be significantly enriched in KEGG pathway database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated most of the DEGs related to innate or adaptive immune responses, inflammatory response, and cytokine/chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. TNF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12B, GM-CSF, ICAM1, EDN1, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL10, CCL2, MAPK11, MAPK13, CSF1R and LRRK1 were located in the core of the network and highly connected with other DGEs. Conclusions BVDV-2 infection of goat PBMCs causes the transcription changes of a series of DEGs related to host immune responses, including inflammation, defense response, cell locomotion, cytokine/chemokine-mediated signaling, etc. The results will be useful for exploring and further understanding the host responses to BVDV-2 infection in goats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5830-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxia Liu
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizong Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Chama M, Amadi BC, Chandwe K, Zyambo K, Besa E, Shaikh N, Ndao IM, Tarr PI, Storer C, Head R, Kelly P. Transcriptomic analysis of enteropathy in Zambian children with severe acute malnutrition. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:456-463. [PMID: 31229436 PMCID: PMC6642221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), with or without diarrhoea, often have enteropathy, but there are few molecular data to guide development of new therapies. We set out to determine whether SAM enteropathy is characterised by specific transcriptional changes which might improve understanding or help identify new treatments. METHODS We collected intestinal biopsies from children with SAM and persistent diarrhoea. mRNA was extracted from biopsies, sequenced, and subjected to a progressive set of complementary analytical approaches: NOIseq, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and correlation analysis of phenotypic data with gene expression. FINDINGS Transcriptomic profiles were generated for biopsy sets from 27 children of both sexes, under 2 years of age, of whom one-third were HIV-infected. NOIseq analysis, constructed from phenotypic group extremes, revealed 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) out of 21,386 mapped to the reference genome. These DEGs include genes for mucins and mucus integrity, antimicrobial defence, nutrient absorption, C-X-C chemokines, proteases and anti-proteases. Phenotype - expression correlation analysis identified 1221 genes related to villus height, including increased cell cycling gene expression in more severe enteropathy. Amino acid transporters and ZIP zinc transporters were specifically increased in severe enteropathy, but transcripts for xenobiotic metabolising enzymes were reduced. INTERPRETATION Transcriptomic analysis of this rare collection of intestinal biopsies identified multiple novel elements of pathology, including specific alterations in nutrient transporters. Changes in xenobiotic metabolism in the gut may alter drug disposition. Both NOIseq and GSEA identified gene clusters similar to those differentially expressed in pediatric Crohn's disease but to a much lesser degree than those identified in coeliac disease. FUND: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1066118. The funding agency had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubanga Chama
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Beatrice C Amadi
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanta Chandwe
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen Besa
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nurmohammad Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - I Malick Ndao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Philip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chad Storer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia; Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSES IN HEALTHY, MALNOURISHED, AND OTOSTRONGYLUS-INFECTED JUVENILE NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS (MIROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2019; 48:767-775. [PMID: 28920814 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0267.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are utilized to detect early inflammation in many domestic and nondomestic species, but variability exists between species and inflammatory diseases as to which APPs are most useful. Stranded juvenile northern elephant seals (NESs; Mirounga angustirostris) undergoing rehabilitation at the Marine Mammal Center experience high mortality rates due to severe arteritis caused by the lungworm, Otostrongylus circumlitis (OC), and there are currently no effective antemortem diagnostic tools for this disease. To characterize patterns of the acute-phase response in the NES, two APPs-serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP)-were measured, and serum protein electrophoresis was performed to measure albumin and globulin fractions in 81 serum samples from 58 NESs in four different health states: healthy, malnourished, preclinical for OC infection, or clinical for OC infection. Compared to healthy NESs (median, 11.2 mg/L), SAA concentrations were significantly increased in malnourished (33.9 mg/L), preclinical (247 mg/L), and clinical OC-infected NESs (328 mg/L) (P < 0.05). CRP concentrations were increased only in clinical OC-infected NESs (median, 53.9 mg/L) and were below detectable limits in the other three groups (<0.01 mg/L). These results show that SAA and CRP are positive APPs in NESs with OC infection, and that SAA may serve as the major APP for this species. Albumin : globulin ratios were significantly increased in malnourished NESs (median, 1.26) and decreased in clinical OC-infected NESs (0.53). As a result, albumin is a negative APP in the NES, similar to other mammalian species. APP monitoring can be helpful in detecting and monitoring inflammation in rehabilitating juvenile NESs.
Collapse
|