101
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Farrell JJ. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm to pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma sequence and pancreas cancer screening. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7:314-318. [PMID: 30323160 PMCID: PMC6199903 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_49_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J Farrell
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Yale Center for Pancreatic Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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102
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Rahn S, Zimmermann V, Viol F, Knaack H, Stemmer K, Peters L, Lenk L, Ungefroren H, Saur D, Schäfer H, Helm O, Sebens S. Diabetes as risk factor for pancreatic cancer: Hyperglycemia promotes epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and stem cell properties in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:129-150. [PMID: 29222037 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hyperglycemia and a risk to develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most fatal malignancies. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are essential for initiation and maintenance of tumors, and acquisition of CSC-features is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). The present study investigated whether hyperglycemia promotes EMT and CSC-features in premalignant and malignant pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDEC). Under normoglycemia (5 mM d-glucose), Panc1 PDAC cells but not premalignant H6c7-kras cells exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype along with pronounced colony formation. While hyperglycemia (25 mM d-glucose) did not impact the mesenchymal phenotype of Panc1 cells, CSC-properties were aggravated exemplified by increased Nanog expression and Nanog-dependent formation of holo- and meroclones. In H6c7-kras cells, high glucose increased secretion of Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) as well as TGF-β1 signaling, and in a TGF-β1-dependent manner reduced E-cadherin expression, increased Nestin expression and number of meroclones. Finally, reduced E-cadherin expression was detected in pancreatic ducts of hyperglycemic but not normoglycemic mice. These data suggest that hyperglycemia promotes the acquisition of mesenchymal and CSC-properties in PDEC by activating TGF-β signaling and might explain how T2DM facilitates pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rahn
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vivien Zimmermann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabrice Viol
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrike Knaack
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Peters
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- Department of General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany; First Department of Medicine, UKSH Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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103
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Farrell AS, Joly MM, Allen-Petersen BL, Worth PJ, Lanciault C, Sauer D, Link J, Pelz C, Heiser LM, Morton JP, Muthalagu N, Hoffman MT, Manning SL, Pratt ED, Kendsersky ND, Egbukichi N, Amery TS, Thoma MC, Jenny ZP, Rhim AD, Murphy DJ, Sansom OJ, Crawford HC, Sheppard BC, Sears RC. MYC regulates ductal-neuroendocrine lineage plasticity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated with poor outcome and chemoresistance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1728. [PMID: 29170413 PMCID: PMC5701042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity has been described in many tumor types, where it can contribute to drug resistance and disease recurrence. We analyzed ductal and neuroendocrine markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, revealing heterogeneous expression of the neuroendocrine marker Synaptophysin within ductal lesions. Higher percentages of Cytokeratin-Synaptophysin dual positive tumor cells correlate with shortened disease-free survival. We observe similar lineage marker heterogeneity in mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, where lineage tracing indicates that Cytokeratin-Synaptophysin dual positive cells arise from the exocrine compartment. Mechanistically, MYC binding is enriched at neuroendocrine genes in mouse tumor cells and loss of MYC reduces ductal-neuroendocrine lineage heterogeneity, while deregulated MYC expression in KRAS mutant mice increases this phenotype. Neuroendocrine marker expression is associated with chemoresistance and reducing MYC levels decreases gemcitabine-induced neuroendocrine marker expression and increases chemosensitivity. Altogether, we demonstrate that MYC facilitates ductal-neuroendocrine lineage plasticity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, contributing to poor survival and chemoresistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Lineage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Keratins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neuroendocrine Cells/metabolism
- Neuroendocrine Cells/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Synaptophysin/metabolism
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Farrell
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Meghan Morrison Joly
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Brittany L Allen-Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Patrick J Worth
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christian Lanciault
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jason Link
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nathiya Muthalagu
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Megan T Hoffman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sara L Manning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Zayed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1466, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Erica D Pratt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Zayed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1466, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas D Kendsersky
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nkolika Egbukichi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Taylor S Amery
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mary C Thoma
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Zina P Jenny
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Zayed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1466, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brett C Sheppard
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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104
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Lee LS, Andersen DK, Ashida R, Brugge WR, Canto MI, Chang KJ, Chari ST, DeWitt J, Hwang JH, Khashab MA, Kim K, Levy MJ, McGrath K, Park WG, Singhi A, Stevens T, Thompson CC, Topazian MD, Wallace MB, Wani S, Waxman I, Yadav D, Singh VK. EUS and related technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic disease: research gaps and opportunities-Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases workshop. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 86:768-778. [PMID: 28941651 PMCID: PMC6698378 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to address the research gaps and opportunities in pancreatic EUS. The event occurred on July 26, 2017 in 4 sessions: (1) benign pancreatic diseases, (2) high-risk pancreatic diseases, (3) diagnostic and therapeutics, and (4) new technologies. The current state of knowledge was reviewed, with identification of numerous gaps in knowledge and research needs. Common themes included the need for large multicenter consortia of various pancreatic diseases to facilitate meaningful research of these entities; to standardize EUS features of different pancreatic disorders, the technique of sampling pancreatic lesions, and the performance of various therapeutic EUS procedures; and to identify high-risk disease early at the cellular level before macroscopic disease develops. The need for specialized tools and accessories to enable the safe and effective performance of therapeutic EUS procedures also was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Reiko Ashida
- Departments of Cancer Survey and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - William R Brugge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mimi I Canto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Chang
- Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at Irvine Health, Orange, California, USA
| | - Suresh T Chari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John DeWitt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Indiana University Health Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joo Ha Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mouen A Khashab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Levy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin McGrath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter G Park
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aatur Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Sewickley, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tyler Stevens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher C Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark D Topazian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael B Wallace
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Irving Waxman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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105
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Clawson GA, Matters GL, Xin P, McGovern C, Wafula E, dePamphilis C, Meckley M, Wong J, Stewart L, D’Jamoos C, Altman N, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Du Z, Honaas L, Abraham T. "Stealth dissemination" of macrophage-tumor cell fusions cultured from blood of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184451. [PMID: 28957348 PMCID: PMC5619717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe isolation and characterization of macrophage-tumor cell fusions (MTFs) from the blood of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The MTFs were generally aneuploidy, and immunophenotypic characterizations showed that the MTFs express markers characteristic of PDAC and stem cells, as well as M2-polarized macrophages. Single cell RNASeq analyses showed that the MTFs express many transcripts implicated in cancer progression, LINE1 retrotransposons, and very high levels of several long non-coding transcripts involved in metastasis (such as MALAT1). When cultured MTFs were transplanted orthotopically into mouse pancreas, they grew as obvious well-differentiated islands of cells, but they also disseminated widely throughout multiple tissues in "stealth" fashion. They were found distributed throughout multiple organs at 4, 8, or 12 weeks after transplantation (including liver, spleen, lung), occurring as single cells or small groups of cells, without formation of obvious tumors or any apparent progression over the 4 to 12 week period. We suggest that MTFs form continually during PDAC development, and that they disseminate early in cancer progression, forming "niches" at distant sites for subsequent colonization by metastasis-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Clawson
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ping Xin
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher McGovern
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Eric Wafula
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Claude dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Morgan Meckley
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Joyce Wong
- Department of Surgery, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Luke Stewart
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher D’Jamoos
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Naomi Altman
- Department of Statistics, Eberly College, UP, PSU, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhen Du
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Loren Honaas
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences and Microscopy Imaging Facility, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
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106
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Brychta N, Drosch M, Driemel C, Fischer JC, Neves RP, Esposito I, Knoefel W, Möhlendick B, Hille C, Stresemann A, Krahn T, Kassack MU, Stoecklein NH, von Ahsen O. Isolation of circulating tumor cells from pancreatic cancer by automated filtration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86143-86156. [PMID: 29156783 PMCID: PMC5689673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that the isolation of circulating tumor cells based on cell surface markers might be hindered by variability in their protein expression. Especially in pancreatic cancer, isolation based only on EpCAM expression has produced very diverse results. Methods that are independent of surface markers and therefore independent of phenotypical changes in the circulating cells might increase CTC recovery also in pancreatic cancer. We compared an EpCAM-dependent (IsoFlux) and a size-dependent (automated Siemens Healthineers filtration device) isolation method for the enrichment of pancreatic cancer CTCs. The recovery rate of the filtration based approach is dramatically superior to the EpCAM-dependent approach especially for cells with low EpCAM-expression (filtration: 52%, EpCAM-dependent: 1%). As storage and shipment of clinical samples is important for centralized analyses, we also evaluated the use of frozen diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) as source for isolating CTCs and subsequent genetic analysis such as KRAS mutation detection analysis. Using frozen DLA samples of pancreatic cancer patients we detected CTCs in 42% of the samples by automated filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Brychta
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Drosch
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Current/Present address: JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Driemel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes C Fischer
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rui P Neves
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Birte Möhlendick
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hille
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Current/Present address: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Krahn
- Bayer AG, Biomarker Research, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias U Kassack
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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107
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Ko J, Bhagwat N, Yee SS, Black T, Redlinger C, Romeo J, O'Hara M, Raj A, Carpenter EL, Stanger BZ, Issadore D. A magnetic micropore chip for rapid (<1 hour) unbiased circulating tumor cell isolation and in situ RNA analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3086-3096. [PMID: 28809985 PMCID: PMC5612367 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of microtechnology for the highly selective isolation and sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells has shown enormous promise. One challenge for this technology is that the small feature sizes - which are the key to this technology's performance - can result in low sample throughput and susceptibility to clogging. Additionally, conventional molecular analysis of CTCs often requires cells to be taken off-chip for sample preparation and purification before analysis, leading to the loss of rare cells. To address these challenges, we have developed a microchip platform that combines fast, magnetic micropore based negative immunomagnetic selection (>10 mL h-1) with rapid on-chip in situ RNA profiling (>100× faster than conventional RNA labeling). This integrated chip can isolate both rare circulating cells and cell clusters directly from whole blood and allow individual cells to be profiled for multiple RNA cancer biomarkers, achieving sample-to-answer in less than 1 hour for 10 mL of whole blood. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we applied our device to the circulating tumor cell based diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. We used a genetically engineered lineage-labeled mouse model of pancreatic cancer (KPCY) to validate the performance of our chip. We show that in a cohort of patient samples (N = 25) that this device can detect and perform in situ RNA analysis on circulating tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer, even in those with extremely sparse CTCs (<1 CTC mL-1 of whole blood).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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108
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Keane MG, Shah A, Pereira SP, Joshi D. Novel biomarkers and endoscopic techniques for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary malignancy. F1000Res 2017; 6:1643. [PMID: 28944047 PMCID: PMC5585877 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11371.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The UK incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is 9 per 100,000 population, and biliary tract cancer occurs at a rate of 1–2 per 100,000. The incidence of both cancers is increasing annually and these tumours continue to be diagnosed late and at an advanced stage, limiting options for curative treatment. Population-based screening programmes do not exist for these cancers, and diagnosis currently is dependent on symptom recognition, but often symptoms are not present until the disease is advanced. Recently, a number of promising blood and urine biomarkers have been described for pancreaticobiliary malignancy and are summarised in this review. Novel endoscopic techniques such as single-operator cholangioscopy and confocal endomicroscopy have been used in some centres to enhance standard endoscopic diagnostic techniques and are also evaluated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amar Shah
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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109
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Franses JW, Basar O, Kadayifci A, Yuksel O, Choz M, Kulkarni AS, Tai E, Vo KD, Arora KS, Desai N, Licausi JA, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Ryan DP, Brugge WR, Ting DT. Improved Detection of Circulating Epithelial Cells in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Oncologist 2017; 23:121-127. [PMID: 28860411 PMCID: PMC5759811 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection strategies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are needed. This article describes a high‐sensitivity platform for detection of epithelial cells shed from preneoplastic lesions at a high risk of becoming malignant and a combination of technologies that could be used for early detection of disease in high‐risk patients. Background. Recent work has demonstrated early shedding of circulating epithelial cells (CECs) from premalignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). However, the potential use of CECs as a “liquid biopsy” for patients with IPMNs has been limited by antigen dependence of CEC isolation devices and the lack of robust detection biomarkers across CEC phenotypes. Materials and Methods. We utilized a negative depletion microfluidic platform to purify CECs from contaminating leukocytes and coupled this platform with immunofluorescence, RNA in situ hybridization, and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) detection and enumeration. Results. Using established protein (EpCAM, cytokeratins) and novel noncoding RNA (HSATII, cytokeratins) biomarkers, we detected CECs in 88% of patients bearing IPMN lesions. RNA‐seq analysis for MUC genes confirm the likely origin of these CECs from pancreatic lesions. Conclusion. Our findings increase the sensitivity of detection of these cells and therefore could have clinical implications for cancer risk stratification. Implications for Practice. This work describes a high‐sensitivity platform for detection of epithelial cells shed from preneoplastic lesions at high risk of malignant transformation. Further research efforts are underway to define the transcriptional programs that might allow discrimination between circulating cells released from tumors that will become malignant and cells released from tumors that will not. After further refinement, this combination of technologies could be deployed for monitoring and early detection of patients at high risk for developing new or recurrent pancreatic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Franses
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Omer Basar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abdurrahman Kadayifci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osman Yuksel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Choz
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eric Tai
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin D Vo
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kshitij S Arora
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niyati Desai
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A Licausi
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William R Brugge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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110
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating epithelial cells (CECs) are identified in the blood of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) despite the absence of malignancy. We assessed the blood of patients undergoing resection for IPMN or other benign pancreatic lesions for CECs. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 26 patients prior to pancreatic resection and filtered by the ISET (Isolation by Size of Epithelial Tumor Cells) method. Circulating epithelial cells were identified with antibodies to cytokeratin and Pdx1 (pancreas and duodenal homeobox protein 1), a pancreas marker. RESULTS Nineteen patients underwent resection of an IPMN without associated malignancy. Eleven patients (58%) had cytokeratin-positive CECs. Circulating epithelial cells were significantly more likely to be found in patients with IPMNs with high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.04). In addition, 10 of the 11 patients with cytokeratin-positive CECs also had separate populations of cytokeratin-positive, Pdx1-positive CECs, suggesting a pancreatic source. Dual-staining CECs were more frequently found in patients with high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.04). Patients with IPMNs were significantly more likely to have pan-cytokeratin CECs in the blood compared with those without IPMNs (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Circulating epithelial cells staining with potential pancreas-specific markers have been found in patients with IPMNs, even without malignancy. Circulating epithelial cells may help to differentiate patients with high-grade IPMN from lower grades of dysplasia and other pancreatic cysts.
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111
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Jackson JM, Witek MA, Kamande JW, Soper SA. Materials and microfluidics: enabling the efficient isolation and analysis of circulating tumour cells. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4245-4280. [PMID: 28632258 PMCID: PMC5576189 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a critical review of microfluidic technologies and material effects on the analyses of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) selected from the peripheral blood of cancer patients. CTCs are a minimally invasive source of clinical information that can be used to prognose patient outcome, monitor minimal residual disease, assess tumour resistance to therapeutic agents, and potentially screen individuals for the early diagnosis of cancer. The performance of CTC isolation technologies depends on microfluidic architectures, the underlying principles of isolation, and the choice of materials. We present a critical review of the fundamental principles used in these technologies and discuss their performance. We also give context to how CTC isolation technologies enable downstream analysis of selected CTCs in terms of detecting genetic mutations and gene expression that could be used to gain information that may affect patient outcome.
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112
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Pancreatic cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells and Primary Tumors show Heterogeneous KRAS Mutations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4510. [PMID: 28674438 PMCID: PMC5495768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood are hypothesized as the means of systemic tumor spread. Blood obtained from healthy donors and patients with PDAC was therefore subject to size-based CTC-isolation. We additionally compared Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations in pancreatic CTC and corresponding tumors, and evaluated their significance as prognostic markers. Samples from 68 individuals (58 PDAC patients, 10 healthy donors) were analyzed; CTCs were present in patients with UICC stage IA-IV tumors and none of the controls (p < 0.001). Patients with >3 CTC/ml had a trend for worse median overall survival (OS) than patients with 0.3–3 CTC/ml (P = 0.12). Surprisingly, CTCs harbored various KRAS mutations in codon 12 and 13. Patients with a KRASG12V mutation in their CTC (n = 14) had a trend to better median OS (24.5 months) compared to patients with other (10 months), or no detectable KRAS mutations (8 months; P = 0.04). KRAS mutations in CTC and corresponding tumor were discordant in 11 of 26 “tumor-CTC-pairs” (42%), while 15 (58%) had a matching mutation; survival was similar in both groups (P = 0.36). Genetic characterization, including mutations such as KRAS, may prove useful for prognosis and understanding of tumor biology.
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113
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Connor AA, Gallinger S. Next generation sequencing of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: right or wrong? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:683-694. [PMID: 28460572 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1324296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the highest mortality rate of all epithelial malignancies and a paradoxically rising incidence rate. Clinical translation of next generation sequencing (NGS) of tumour and germline samples may ameliorate outcomes by identifying prognostic and predictive genomic and transcriptomic features in appreciable fractions of patients, facilitating enrolment in biomarker-matched trials. Areas covered: The literature on precision oncology is reviewed. It is found that outcomes may be improved across various malignancies, and it is suggested that current issues of adequate tissue acquisition, turnaround times, analytic expertise and clinical trial accessibility may lessen as experience accrues. Also reviewed are PDAC genomic and transcriptomic NGS studies, emphasizing discoveries of promising biomarkers, though these require validation, and the fraction of patients that will benefit from these outside of the research setting is currently unknown. Expert commentary: Clinical use of NGS with PDAC should be used in investigational contexts in centers with multidisciplinary expertise in cancer sequencing and pancreatic cancer management. Biomarker directed studies will improve our understanding of actionable genomic variation in PDAC, and improve outcomes for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton A Connor
- a PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- a PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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114
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Loosen SH, Neumann UP, Trautwein C, Roderburg C, Luedde T. Current and future biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692231. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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115
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Ankeny JS, Court CM, Hou S, Li Q, Song M, Wu D, Chen JF, Lee T, Lin M, Sho S, Rochefort MM, Girgis MD, Yao J, Wainberg ZA, Muthusamy VR, Watson RR, Donahue TR, Hines OJ, Reber HA, Graeber TG, Tseng HR, Tomlinson JS. Circulating tumour cells as a biomarker for diagnosis and staging in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 114:1367-75. [PMID: 27300108 PMCID: PMC4984454 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnosis and staging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has important limitations and better biomarkers are needed to guide initial therapy. We investigated the performance of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) as an adjunctive biomarker at the time of disease presentation. METHODS Venous blood (VB) was collected prospectively from 100 consecutive, pre-treatment patients with PDAC. Utilising the microfluidic NanoVelcro CTC chip, samples were evaluated for the presence and number of CTCs. KRAS mutation analysis was used to compare the CTCs with primary tumour tissue. CTC enumeration data was then evaluated as a diagnostic and staging biomarker in the setting of PDAC. RESULTS We found 100% concordance for KRAS mutation subtype between primary tumour and CTCs in all five patients tested. Evaluation of CTCs as a diagnostic revealed the presence of CTCs in 54/72 patients with confirmed PDAC (sensitivity=75.0%, specificity=96.4%, area under the curve (AUROC)=0.867, 95% CI=0.798-0.935, and P<0.001). Furthermore, a cut-off of ⩾3 CTCs in 4 ml VB was able to discriminate between local/regional and metastatic disease (AUROC=0.885; 95% CI=0.800-0.969; and P<0.001). CONCLUSION CTCs appear to function well as a biomarker for diagnosis and staging in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ankeny
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Veteran's Health Administration, Greater Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - C M Court
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Veteran's Health Administration, Greater Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - S Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Q Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - M Song
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - D Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - J F Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - T Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - S Sho
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Veteran's Health Administration, Greater Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - M M Rochefort
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M D Girgis
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J Yao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Z A Wainberg
- UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - V R Muthusamy
- UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R R Watson
- UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - T R Donahue
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - O J Hines
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - H A Reber
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - T G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - H R Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - J S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Veteran's Health Administration, Greater Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, 575 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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116
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Abstract
Acinar cells in the adult pancreas show high plasticity and can undergo transdifferentiation to a progenitor-like cell type with ductal characteristics. This process, termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), is an important feature facilitating pancreas regeneration after injury. Data from animal models show that cells that undergo ADM in response to oncogenic signalling are precursors for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, which can further progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As human pancreatic adenocarcinoma is often diagnosed at a stage of metastatic disease, understanding the processes that lead to its initiation is important for the discovery of markers for early detection, as well as options that enable an early intervention. Here, the critical determinants of acinar cell plasticity are discussed, in addition to the intracellular and extracellular signalling events that drive acinar cell metaplasia and their contribution to development of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Room 306 Griffin Building, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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117
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Nentwich M, Menzel K, Reeh M, Uzunoglu F, Ghadban T, Bachmann K, Schrader J, Bockhorn M, Izbicki J, Perez D. Blood fibrinogen levels discriminate low- and high-risk intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Eur J Surg Oncol 2017; 43:758-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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118
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Berger AW, Schwerdel D, Welz H, Marienfeld R, Schmidt SA, Kleger A, Ettrich TJ, Seufferlein T. Treatment monitoring in metastatic colorectal cancer patients by quantification and KRAS genotyping of circulating cell-free DNA. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174308. [PMID: 28328955 PMCID: PMC5362218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has continuously improved over the last decade. However, disease monitoring remains underdeveloped and mostly dependent on imaging e.g. RECIST 1.1 criteria. The genetic landscape of individual cancers and subsequently occurring treatment-induced evolution remain neglected in current surveillance strategies. Novel biomarkers demand minimally invasive and repetitive tracking of the cancer mutagenome for therapy stratification and to make prognostic predictions. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a routinely used tumor marker for CRC, does not meet these goals and thus prevents its use as a reliable monitoring tool. A tumor-derived fraction of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), isolated from blood samples, may bypass the limitations of currently available biomarkers and could be a tool for noninvasive disease monitoring. Here, total cfDNA levels differentiated a cohort of metastatic CRC patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, we correlated cfDNA during chemotherapy of 27 stage IV patients with clinical parameters to establish its prognostic and predictive value. Indeed, cfDNA levels in chemotherapy naive patients correlate with the tumor burden and CEA values at diagnosis and increase upon disease progression during 1st and 2nd line treatment. Moreover, we confirm the possibility of cfDNA-based genotyping of KRAS to early detect the emergence of resistance during chemotherapy. These data indicate that repetitive quantitative and mutational analysis of cfDNA might complement current treatment standards but may have also limited value in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W. Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwerdel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanna Welz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Marienfeld
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Schmidt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Ettrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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119
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Zhu W, Zhang XY, Marjani SL, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wu S, Pan X. Next-generation molecular diagnosis: single-cell sequencing from bench to bedside. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:869-880. [PMID: 27738745 PMCID: PMC11107533 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a fast-growing, exciting field in genomic medicine. It enables the high-resolution study of cellular heterogeneity, and reveals the molecular basis of complicated systems, which facilitates the identification of new biomarkers for diagnosis and for targeting therapies. It also directly promotes the next generation of genomic medicine because of its ultra-high resolution and sensitivity that allows for the non-invasive and early detection of abnormalities, such as aneuploidy, chromosomal translocation, and single-gene disorders. This review provides an overview of the current progress and prospects for the diagnostic applications of SCS, specifically in pre-implantation genetic diagnosis/screening, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, and analysis of circulating tumor cells. These analyses will accelerate the early and precise control of germline- or somatic-mutation-based diseases, particularly single-gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Zhu
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sadie L Marjani
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, 06050, USA
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wengeng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixiu Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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120
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Abstract
Pancreatic diseases, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus, taken together, occur in >10% of the world population. Pancreatic diseases, as with other diseases, benefit from early intervention and appropriate diagnosis. Although imaging technologies have given clinicians an unprecedented toolbox to aid in clinical decision-making, advances in these technologies and development of molecular-based diagnostic tools could enable physicians to identify diseases at an even earlier stage and, thereby, improve patient outcomes. In this Review, we discuss and identify gaps in the use of imaging techniques for the early detection and appropriate treatment stratification of various pancreatic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Imaging techniques discussed are MRI, CT, PET and ultrasonography. Additionally, the identification of new molecular targets for imaging and the development of contrast agents that are able to give molecular information in noninvasive radionuclear imaging and ultrasonography are emerging areas of innovation that could lead to increased diagnostic accuracy and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dimastromatteo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Building MR5, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Teresa Brentnall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Center, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Building MR5, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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121
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Dasgupta A, Lim AR, Ghajar CM. Circulating and disseminated tumor cells: harbingers or initiators of metastasis? Mol Oncol 2017; 11:40-61. [PMID: 28085223 PMCID: PMC5423226 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells leave the primary tumor and enter the circulation. Once there, they are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). A fraction of CTCs are capable of entering distant sites and persisting as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). An even smaller fraction of DTCs are capable of progressing toward metastases. It is known that the DTC microenvironment plays an important role in sustaining their survival, regulating their growth, and conferring resistance to therapy. But we still have much to learn about the nature of these rare cell populations to predict which will progress and what exactly should cause concern for future relapse. Although recent technological advances in our ability to detect and molecularly and functionally characterize CTCs and DTCs promise to unravel this ambiguity, the timing of dissemination and the precise source of CTCs and DTCs profiled will impact the conclusions that can be made from these endeavors. In this review, we discuss the biology of CTCs and DTCs; the technologies to detect, isolate, and profile these cells; and the exceptions we must apply to our understanding of what role these cells play in the metastatic process. We conclude that a greater effort to understand the unique biology of these cells in context will positively impact our ability to use these cells to predict outcome, monitor treatment efficacy, and reveal therapeutically relevant targets to deplete these populations and ultimately prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Dasgupta
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program and Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Andrea R. Lim
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program and Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
- Program in Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Cyrus M. Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program and Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
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Endoscopic Ultrasound and Related Technologies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Disease - Research Gaps and Opportunities: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop. Pancreas 2017; 46:1242-1250. [PMID: 28926412 PMCID: PMC5645254 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to address the research gaps and opportunities in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The event occurred on July 26, 2017 in 4 sessions: (1) benign pancreatic diseases, (2) high-risk pancreatic diseases, (3) diagnostic and therapeutics, and (4) new technologies. The current state of knowledge was reviewed, with identification of numerous gaps in knowledge and research needs. Common themes included the need for large multicenter consortia of various pancreatic diseases to facilitate meaningful research of these entities; to standardize EUS features of different pancreatic disorders, the technique of sampling pancreatic lesions, and the performance of various therapeutic EUS procedures; and to identify high-risk disease early at the cellular level before macroscopic disease develops. The need for specialized tools and accessories to enable the safe and effective performance of therapeutic EUS procedures also was discussed.
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Portal Venous Blood Circulation Supports Immunosuppressive Environment and Pancreatic Cancer Circulating Tumor Cell Activation. Pancreas 2017; 46:116-123. [PMID: 27400259 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aggressive spread and liver metastases are predominant features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study investigates activation of PDAC circulating tumor cells (CTC) and immunosuppression in the portal venous system. METHODS Portal venous and peripheral blood were collected during pancreaticoduodenectomy from patients with PDAC (n = 21) or other non-PDAC pancreatic conditions (n = 20). Circulating tumor cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and characterized for messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and acetylated chromatin encoding K-RAS exon 12 mutation (K-RASmut). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were identified using flow cytometry. RESULTS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma K-RASmut mRNA expression in portal venous blood CTC was significantly elevated compared with preoperative and postoperative peripheral blood (P = 0.0123 and P = 0.0246, respectively). There was no significant variation in total CTC numbers between portal and peripheral blood.Portal venous M-MDSC were elevated compared with peripheral blood in PDAC patients (P = 0.0065). M-MDSC increases correlated with K-RASmut mRNA-expressing CTC present in PDAC portal blood (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Association of MDSC with active CTC in portal venous blood may support immunosuppression within the portal venous circulation to promote PDAC CTC survival.
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Mechanism of early dissemination and metastasis in Her2 + mammary cancer. Nature 2016; 540:588-592. [PMID: 27974798 DOI: 10.1038/nature20609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths; metastatic lesions develop from disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) that can remain dormant. Metastasis-initiating cells are thought to originate from a subpopulation present in progressed, invasive tumours. However, DCCs detected in patients before the manifestation of breast-cancer metastasis contain fewer genetic abnormalities than primary tumours or than DCCs from patients with metastases. These findings, and those in pancreatic cancer and melanoma models, indicate that dissemination might occur during the early stages of tumour evolution. However, the mechanisms that might allow early disseminated cancer cells (eDCCs) to complete all steps of metastasis are unknown. Here we show that, in early lesions in mice and before any apparent primary tumour masses are detected, there is a sub-population of Her2+p-p38lop-Atf2loTwist1hiE-cadlo early cancer cells that is invasive and can spread to target organs. Intra-vital imaging and organoid studies of early lesions showed that Her2+ eDCC precursors invaded locally, intravasated and lodged in target organs. Her2+ eDCCs activated a Wnt-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like dissemination program but without complete loss of the epithelial phenotype, which was reversed by Her2 or Wnt inhibition. Notably, although the majority of eDCCs were Twist1hiE-cadlo and dormant, they eventually initiated metastasis. Our work identifies a mechanism for early dissemination in which Her2 aberrantly activates a program similar to mammary ductal branching that generates eDCCs that are capable of forming metastasis after a dormancy phase.
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125
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Overbeek KA, Cahen DL, Canto MI, Bruno MJ. Surveillance for neoplasia in the pancreas. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:971-986. [PMID: 27938791 PMCID: PMC5552042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite its low incidence in the general population, pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Survival greatly depends on operability, but most patients present with unresectable disease. Therefore, there is great interest in the early detection of pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions by surveillance. Worldwide, several programs have been initiated for individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Their first results suggest that surveillance in high-risk individuals is feasible, but their effectiveness in decreasing mortality remains to be proven. This review will discuss which individuals are eligible for surveillance, which lesions are aimed to be detected, and which surveillance modalities are being used in current clinical practice. Furthermore, it addresses the management of abnormalities found during surveillance and topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper A. Overbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author. Fax: +31 10 703 03 31
| | - Djuna L. Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcia Irene Canto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1800 Orleans St., Blalock 407, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Marco J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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126
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Yang L, Wang Z, Deng Y, Li Y, Wei W, Shi Q. Single-Cell, Multiplexed Protein Detection of Rare Tumor Cells Based on a Beads-on-Barcode Antibody Microarray. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11077-11083. [PMID: 27644430 PMCID: PMC5519775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed from tumor sites and represent the molecular characteristics of the tumor. Besides genetic and transcriptional characterization, it is important to profile a panel of proteins with single-cell precision for resolving CTCs' phenotype, organ-of-origin, and drug targets. We describe a new technology that enables profiling multiple protein markers of extraordinarily rare tumor cells at the single-cell level. This technology integrates a microchip consisting of 15000 60 pL-sized microwells and a novel beads-on-barcode antibody microarray (BOBarray). The BOBarray allows for multiplexed protein detection by assigning two independent identifiers (bead size and fluorescent color) of the beads to each protein. Four bead sizes (1.75, 3, 4.5, and 6 μm) and three colors (blue, green, and yellow) are utilized to encode up to 12 different proteins. The miniaturized BOBarray can fit an array of 60 pL-sized microwells that isolate single cells for cell lysis and the subsequent detection of protein markers. An enclosed 60 pL-sized microchamber defines a high concentration of proteins released from lysed single cells, leading to single-cell resolution of protein detection. The protein markers assayed in this study include organ-specific markers and drug targets that help to characterize the organ-of-origin and drug targets of isolated rare tumor cells from blood samples. This new approach enables handling a very small number of cells and achieves single-cell, multiplexed protein detection without loss of rare but clinically important tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Qihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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127
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Gao Y, Zhu Y, Yuan Z. Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA Provide New Insights into Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:902-913. [PMID: 27994495 PMCID: PMC5165683 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a rather dismal prognosis mainly due to high malignance of tumor biology. Up to now, the relevant researches on pancreatic cancer lag behind seriously partly due to the obstacles for tissue biopsy, which handicaps the understanding of molecular and genetic features of pancreatic cancer. In the last two decades, liquid biopsy, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), is promising to provide new insights into the biological and clinical characteristics of malignant tumors. Both CTCs and ctDNA provide an opportunity for studying tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and metastatic mechanism for pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, they can also play important roles in detecting early-stage tumors, providing prognostic information, monitoring tumor progression and guiding treatment regimens. In this review, we will introduce the latest findings on biological features and clinical applications of both CTCs and ctDNA in pancreatic cancer. In a word, CTCs and ctDNA are promising to promote precision medicine in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhou Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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128
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Donahue TR, Dawson DW. Leveraging Mechanisms Governing Pancreatic Tumorigenesis To Reduce Pancreatic Cancer Mortality. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:770-781. [PMID: 27461042 PMCID: PMC5075262 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a devastating malignancy with limited and modest clinical treatments. High-throughput technologies and accurate disease models now provide a comprehensive picture of the diverse molecular signaling pathways and cellular processes governing PDA tumorigenesis. Central among these is oncogenic KRAS, a mediator of cellular plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammatory and paracrine signaling required for tumor development and maintenance. Biological aggressiveness is further conferred by a highly fibrotic and immunosuppressive PDA microenvironment that also acts as a barrier to effective drug delivery. The regulation of these mechanisms and their implications for early cancer detection, chemoprevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David W Dawson
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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129
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Lannin T, Su WW, Gruber C, Cardle I, Huang C, Thege F, Kirby B. Automated electrorotation shows electrokinetic separation of pancreatic cancer cells is robust to acquired chemotherapy resistance, serum starvation, and EMT. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064109. [PMID: 27990211 PMCID: PMC5135715 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We used automated electrorotation to measure the cytoplasmic permittivity, cytoplasmic conductivity, and specific membrane capacitance of pancreatic cancer cells under environmental perturbation to evaluate the effects of serum starvation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and evolution of chemotherapy resistance which may be associated with the development and dissemination of cancer. First, we compared gemcitabine-resistant BxPC3 subclones with gemcitabine-naive parental cells. Second, we serum-starved BxPC3 and PANC-1 cells and compared them to untreated counterparts. Third, we induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PANC-1 cells and compared them to untreated PANC-1 cells. We also measured the electrorotation spectra of white blood cells isolated from a healthy donor. The properties from fit electrorotation spectra were used to compute dielectrophoresis (DEP) spectra and crossover frequencies. For all three experiments, the median crossover frequency for both treated and untreated pancreatic cancer cells remained significantly lower than the median crossover frequency for white blood cells. The robustness of the crossover frequency to these treatments indicates that DEP is a promising technique for enhancing capture of circulating cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lannin
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Wey-Wey Su
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Conor Gruber
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ian Cardle
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Fredrik Thege
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Bulfoni M, Turetta M, Del Ben F, Di Loreto C, Beltrami AP, Cesselli D. Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Going Far Beyond the Needle in the Haystack. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101775. [PMID: 27783057 PMCID: PMC5085799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTC) defined as expressing both epithelial cell adhesion molecule and cytokeratins (EpCAM+/CK+) can predict prognosis and response to therapy in metastatic breast, colon and prostate cancer, its clinical utility (i.e., the ability to improve patient outcome by guiding therapy) has not yet been proven in clinical trials. Therefore, scientists are now focusing on the molecular characterization of CTC as a way to explore its possible use as a “surrogate” of tumor tissues to non-invasively assess the genomic landscape of the cancer and its evolution during treatment. Additionally, evidences confirm the existence of CTC in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characterized by a variable loss of epithelial markers. Since the EMT process can originate cells with enhanced invasiveness, stemness and drug-resistance, the enumeration and characterization of this population, perhaps the one truly responsible of tumor recurrence and progression, could be more clinically useful. For these reasons, several devices able to capture CTC independently from the expression of epithelial markers have been developed. In this review, we will describe the types of heterogeneity so far identified and the key role played by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in driving CTC heterogeneity. The clinical relevance of detecting CTC-heterogeneity will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bulfoni
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Matteo Turetta
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Fabio Del Ben
- Department of Clinical Pathology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine-ASUIUD, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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131
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Anderson BW, Ahlquist DA. Molecular Detection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasia: Innovations in Early Detection and Screening. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2016; 45:529-42. [PMID: 27546847 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging molecular tools promise to extend the diagnostic reach of the endoscopist and open doors to population screening for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This review briefly addresses biological considerations in marker detection and types of markers, highlights examples of tools under development at each organ site, and appraises the possibility of universal GI cancer screening. The outlook is positive, but further technical refinement and rigorous clinical validation are needed before most of these new approaches are ready for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Gonda Building E-9, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David A Ahlquist
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Gonda Building E-9, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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132
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Nagrath S, Jack RM, Sahai V, Simeone DM. Opportunities and Challenges for Pancreatic Circulating Tumor Cells. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:412-26. [PMID: 27339829 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and reproducible platforms have been developed for detection, isolation, and enrichment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)-rare cells that enter the blood from solid tumors, including those of the breast, prostate gland, lung, pancreas, and colon. These might be used as biomarkers in diagnosis or determination of prognosis. CTCs are no longer simply detected and quantified; they are now used in ex vivo studies of anticancer agents and early detection. We review what we have recently learned about CTCs from pancreatic tumors, describing advances in their isolation and analysis and challenges to their clinical utility. We summarize technologies used to isolate CTCs from blood samples of patients with pancreatic cancer, including immunoaffinity and label-free physical attribute-based capture. We explain methods of CTC analysis and how findings from these studies might be used to detect cancer at earlier stages, monitor disease progression, and determine prognosis. We review studies that have expanded CTCs for testing of anticancer agents and how these approaches might be used to personalize treatment. Advances in the detection, isolation, and analysis of CTCs have increased our understanding of the dissemination and progression of pancreatic cancer. However, standardization of methodologies and prospective studies are needed for this emerging technology to have a significant effect on clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Biointerfaces Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Rhonda M Jack
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Biointerfaces Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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133
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Lewis AR, Valle JW, McNamara MG. Pancreatic cancer: Are "liquid biopsies" ready for prime-time? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7175-7185. [PMID: 27621566 PMCID: PMC4997639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i32.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease that carries a poor prognosis. Accurate tissue diagnosis is required. Tumours contain a high content of stromal tissue and therefore biopsies may be inconclusive. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been investigated as a potential “liquid biopsy” in several malignancies and have proven to be of prognostic value in breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. They have been detected in patients with localised and metastatic pancreatic cancer with sensitivities ranging from 38%-100% using a variety of platforms. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has also been detected in pancreas cancer with a sensitivity ranging from 26%-100% in studies across different platforms and using different genetic markers. However, there is no clear consensus on which platform is the most effective for detection, nor which genetic markers are the most useful to use. Potential roles of liquid biopsies include diagnosis, screening, guiding therapies and prognosis. The presence of CTCs or ctDNA has been shown to be of prognostic value both at diagnosis and after treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, more prospective studies are required before this promising technology is ready for adoption into routine clinical practice.
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Abstract
FUNDAMENTAL BASIS OF METASTATIC PROCESS Metastatic process is described as a "dissemination of neoplastic cells in a distant secondary site, in which cells proliferate to develop a mass of cells partially differentiated". The vast majority of death in solid cancers is the consequence of metastasis development which lead to vital organ dysfunction. In the present review, either recent discoveries or controversial subjects associated with metastasis process will be discussed. Indeed epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT), circulating tumor cells, tumor dormancy, colonization in distant organ and cancer stem cells are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Pascussi
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Giraud
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Samalin
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Grillet
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Pannequin
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.
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135
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Berger AW, Schwerdel D, Costa IG, Hackert T, Strobel O, Lam S, Barth TF, Schröppel B, Meining A, Büchler MW, Zenke M, Hermann PC, Seufferlein T, Kleger A. Detection of Hot-Spot Mutations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA From Patients With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:267-70. [PMID: 27343369 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most frequent cystic pancreatic tumors. Little is known about their molecular alterations, but mutations in GNAS have been reported to promote IPMN formation. A tumor-derived fraction of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), isolated from blood samples, contains many of the same mutations as the primary tumor, and could be a tool for noninvasive disease monitoring. We found that the total amount of cfDNA can discriminate between individuals without pancreatic lesions (controls) and patients with Fukuoka-negative branch-duct IPMN or pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we detected GNAS mutations in cfDNA from patients with IPMN, but not in patients with serous cystadenoma or controls. Analyses of cfDNA might therefore be used in the diagnosis of patients with IPMN or in monitoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan G Costa
- IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Schröppel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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136
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Hur C, Tramontano AC, Dowling EC, Brooks GA, Jeon A, Brugge WR, Gazelle GS, Kong CY, Pandharipande PV. Early Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Survival Is Dependent on Size: Positive Implications for Future Targeted Screening. Pancreas 2016; 45:1062-6. [PMID: 26692444 PMCID: PMC4912943 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not experienced a meaningful mortality improvement for the past few decades. Successful screening is difficult to accomplish because most PDACs present late in their natural history, and current interventions have not provided significant benefit. Our goal was to identify determinants of survival for early PDAC to help inform future screening strategies. METHODS Early PDACs from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database (2000-2010) were analyzed. We stratified by size and included carcinomas in situ (Tis). Overall cancer-specific survival was calculated. A Cox proportional hazards model was developed and the significance of key covariates for survival prediction was evaluated. RESULTS A Kaplan-Meier plot demonstrated significant differences in survival by size at diagnosis; these survival benefits persisted after adjustment for key covariates in the Cox proportional hazards analysis. In addition, relatively weaker predictors of worse survival included older age, male sex, black race, nodal involvement, tumor location within the head of the pancreas, and no surgery or radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS For early PDAC, we found tumor size to be the strongest predictor of survival, even after adjustment for other patient characteristics. Our findings suggest that early PDAC detection can have clinical benefit, which has positive implications for future screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hur
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela C. Tramontano
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily C. Dowling
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriel A. Brooks
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alvin Jeon
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William R. Brugge
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - G. Scott Gazelle
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pari V. Pandharipande
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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137
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Imamura T, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Kawaguchi T, Miyamae M, Okajima W, Ohashi T, Arita T, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Morimura R, Ikoma H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Liquid biopsy in patients with pancreatic cancer: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5627-5641. [PMID: 27433079 PMCID: PMC4932201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PCa) remains extremely poor. To provide optimal treatment for each patient with Pca, superior biomarkers are urgently needed in all phases of management from early detection to staging, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. In the blood of patients with cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), such as DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNA have been recognized. In the recent years, their presence in the blood has encouraged researchers to investigate their potential use as novel blood biomarkers, and numerous studies have demonstrated their potential clinical utility as a biomarker for certain types of cancer. This concept, called “liquid biopsy” has been focused on as a less invasive, alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy for obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this article, we review the available literature on CTCs and cfNAs in patients with cancer, particularly focusing on PCa, and discuss future perspectives in this field.
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138
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Ying H, Dey P, Yao W, Kimmelman AC, Draetta GF, Maitra A, DePinho RA. Genetics and biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Genes Dev 2016; 30:355-85. [PMID: 26883357 PMCID: PMC4762423 DOI: 10.1101/gad.275776.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ying et al. review pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) genetics and biology, particularly altered cancer cell metabolism, the complexity of immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment, and impaired DNA repair processes. With 5-year survival rates remaining constant at 6% and rising incidences associated with an epidemic in obesity and metabolic syndrome, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is on track to become the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. The high mortality rate of PDAC stems primarily from the lack of early diagnosis and ineffective treatment for advanced tumors. During the past decade, the comprehensive atlas of genomic alterations, the prominence of specific pathways, the preclinical validation of such emerging targets, sophisticated preclinical model systems, and the molecular classification of PDAC into specific disease subtypes have all converged to illuminate drug discovery programs with clearer clinical path hypotheses. A deeper understanding of cancer cell biology, particularly altered cancer cell metabolism and impaired DNA repair processes, is providing novel therapeutic strategies that show strong preclinical activity. Elucidation of tumor biology principles, most notably a deeper understanding of the complexity of immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment, has provided an exciting framework to reawaken the immune system to attack PDAC cancer cells. While the long road of translation lies ahead, the path to meaningful clinical progress has never been clearer to improve PDAC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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139
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Andergassen U, Zebisch M, Kölbl AC, König A, Heublein S, Schröder L, Hutter S, Friese K, Jeschke U. Real-Time qPCR-Based Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Samples of Adjuvant Breast Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:194-8. [PMID: 27493620 DOI: 10.1159/000447041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that detach from a primary tumor, circulate through the blood stream and lymphatic vessels, and are considered to be the main reason for remote metastasis. Due to their origin, tumor cells have different gene expression levels than the surrounding blood cells. Therefore, they might be detectable in blood samples from breast cancer patients by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples of healthy donors and adjuvant breast cancer patients were withdrawn and the cell fraction containing white blood cells and tumor cells was enriched by density gradient centrifugation. RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed to cDNA, which was then used in TaqMan real-time PCR against cytokeratin (CK)8, CK18 and CK19. 18S and GAPDH were used as controls. RESULTS All 3 CKs were, on average, found to be significantly higher expressed in adjuvant breast cancer samples compared to negative controls, probably due to the presence of CTCs. Unfortunately, gene expression levels could not be correlated to tumor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS RT-qPCR could make up a new approach for the detection of CTCs from blood samples of breast cancer patients, but a correlation of the PCR data to gold standard methods in CTC detection would help to further improve the informative value of the qPCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Andergassen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zebisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Kölbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander König
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Friese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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140
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Hadano N, Murakami Y, Uemura K, Hashimoto Y, Kondo N, Nakagawa N, Sueda T, Hiyama E. Prognostic value of circulating tumour DNA in patients undergoing curative resection for pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:59-65. [PMID: 27280632 PMCID: PMC4931379 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, interest in the development of non-invasive biomarkers for prognostic prediction has grown rapidly. Here, we assessed the clinical implications of v-Ki-ras2 kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutated circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a useful surrogate biomarker in patients with resectable PDAC. Methods: We used droplet digital polymerase chain reaction to detect rare mutant tumour-derived KRAS genes in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as ctDNA. Samples were collected from 105 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for PDAC at a single institution. Overall survival (OS) was analysed according to the presence of ctDNA. Results: Among the 105 cases, ctDNA was detected in 33 (31%) plasma samples. The median OS durations were 13.6 months for patients with ctDNA (ctDNA+) and 27.6 months for patients without ctDNA. Patients who were ctDNA+ had a significantly poorer prognosis with respect to OS (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the presence of ctDNA in plasma samples could be an important and powerful predictor of poor survival in patients with PDAC. Accordingly, ctDNA detection might be a promising approach with respect to PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hadano
- Department of Surgery, Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasusi Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naru Kondo
- Department of Surgery, Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taijiro Sueda
- Department of Surgery, Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiso Hiyama
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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141
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Lee JW, Komar CA, Bengsch F, Graham K, Beatty GL. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Pancreatic Cancer: The KPC Model (LSL-Kras(G12D/+) ;LSL-Trp53(R172H/+) ;Pdx-1-Cre), Its Variants, and Their Application in Immuno-oncology Drug Discovery. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 73:14.39.1-14.39.20. [PMID: 27248578 PMCID: PMC4915217 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks fourth among cancer-related deaths in the United States. For patients with unresectable disease, treatment options are limited and lack curative potential. Preclinical mouse models of PDAC that recapitulate the biology of human pancreatic cancer offer an opportunity for the rational development of novel treatment approaches that may improve patient outcomes. With the recent success of immunotherapy for subsets of patients with solid malignancies, interest is mounting in the possible use of immunotherapy for the treatment of PDAC. Considered in this unit is the value of genetic mouse models for characterizing the immunobiology of PDAC and for investigating novel immunotherapeutics. Several variants of these models are described, all of which may be used in drug development and for providing information on unique aspects of disease biology and therapeutic responsiveness. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae W. Lee
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chad A. Komar
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fee Bengsch
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathleen Graham
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gregory L. Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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142
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Bujanda L. Non-invasive biomarkers in pancreatic cancer diagnosis: what we need versus what we have. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:134. [PMID: 27162784 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.03.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is probably the most lethal tumor being forecast as the second most fatal cancer by 2020 in developed countries. Only the earliest forms of the disease are a curable disease but it has to be diagnosed before symptoms starts. Detection at curable phase demands screening intervention for early detection and differential diagnosis. Unfortunately, no successful strategy or image technique has been concluded as effective approach and currently non-invasive biomarkers are the hope. Multiple translational research studies have explored minimally or non-invasive biomarkers in biofluids-blood, urine, stool, saliva or pancreatic juice, but diagnostic performance has not been validated yet. Nowadays no biomarker, alone or in combination, has been superior to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in sensitivity and specificity. Although the number of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of PC has been increasing during the last couple of years, no molecular signature is ready to be implemented in clinical routine. Under the uncertain future, miRNAs profiling and methylation status seem to be the most promising biomarkers. However, good results in larger validations are urgently needed before application. Industry efforts through biotech and pharmaceutical companies are urgently required to demonstrate accuracy and validate promising results from basic and translational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herreros-Villanueva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Biodonostia Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Biodonostia Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
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143
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Le Large TY, Mato Prado M, Krell J, Bijlsma MF, Meijer LL, Kazemier G, Frampton AE, Giovannetti E. Bioinformatic analysis reveals pancreatic cancer molecular subtypes specific to the tumor and the microenvironment. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:733-6. [PMID: 27118062 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1175940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Y.S. Le Large
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia Mato Prado
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Meijer
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, London, UK
- HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CNR-Nano, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pisa, Italy
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144
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Saloman JL, Albers KM, Li D, Hartman DJ, Crawford HC, Muha EA, Rhim AD, Davis BM. Ablation of sensory neurons in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma slows initiation and progression of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3078-83. [PMID: 26929329 PMCID: PMC4801275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512603113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an exuberant inflammatory desmoplastic response. The PDAC microenvironment is complex, containing both pro- and antitumorigenic elements, and remains to be fully characterized. Here, we show that sensory neurons, an under-studied cohort of the pancreas tumor stroma, play a significant role in the initiation and progression of the early stages of PDAC. Using a well-established autochthonous model of PDAC (PKC), we show that inflammation and neuronal damage in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) occurs as early as the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) 2 stage. Also at the PanIN2 stage, pancreas acinar-derived cells frequently invade along sensory neurons into the spinal cord and migrate caudally to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar regions. Sensory neuron ablation by neonatal capsaicin injection prevented perineural invasion (PNI), astrocyte activation, and neuronal damage, suggesting that sensory neurons convey inflammatory signals from Kras-induced pancreatic neoplasia to the CNS. Neuron ablation in PKC mice also significantly delayed PanIN formation and ultimately prolonged survival compared with vehicle-treated controls (median survival, 7.8 vs. 4.5 mo; P = 0.001). These data establish a reciprocal signaling loop between the pancreas and nervous system, including the CNS, that supports inflammation associated with oncogenic Kras-induced neoplasia. Thus, pancreatic sensory neurons comprise an important stromal cell population that supports the initiation and progression of PDAC and may represent a potential target for prevention in high-risk populations.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma in Situ/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma in Situ/physiopathology
- Afferent Pathways
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Capsaicin/administration & dosage
- Capsaicin/pharmacology
- Capsaicin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/etiology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/physiopathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Ceruletide/toxicity
- Denervation
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Ganglia, Sympathetic/physiopathology
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelitis/complications
- Myelitis/genetics
- Myelitis/physiopathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Pancreas/innervation
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Pancreatitis/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis/complications
- Pancreatitis/physiopathology
- Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced
- Precancerous Conditions/complications
- Precancerous Conditions/physiopathology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects
- Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology
- Spinal Cord/physiopathology
- Spinothalamic Tracts/physiopathology
- Thoracic Vertebrae
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L Saloman
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Dongjun Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emily A Muha
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Brian M Davis
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
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145
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The incorporation of microfluidics into circulating tumor cell isolation for clinical applications. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2016; 11:59-66. [PMID: 27857883 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The second leading cause of death in the United States, cancer is at its most dangerous as it spreads to secondary locations. Cancer cells in the blood stream, or circulating tumor cells (CTCs), present an opportunity to study metastasis provided they may be extracted successfully from blood. Engineers have accelerated the development of technologies that achieve this goal based on exploiting differences between tumor cells and surrounding blood cells such as varying expression patterns of membrane proteins or physical characteristics. Collaboration with biologists and clinicians has allowed additional analysis and will lead to the use of these rare cells to their full potential in the fight against cancer.
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146
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Riva F, Dronov OI, Khomenko DI, Huguet F, Louvet C, Mariani P, Stern MH, Lantz O, Proudhon C, Pierga JY, Bidard FC. Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:481-93. [PMID: 26856794 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent pancreatic cancer type and is characterized by a dismal prognosis due to late diagnosis, local tumor invasion, frequent distant metastases and poor sensitivity to current therapy. In this context, circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA constitute easily accessible blood-borne tumor biomarkers that may prove their clinical interest for screening, early diagnosis and metastatic risk assessment of PDAC. Moreover these markers represent a tool to assess PDAC mutational landscape. In this review, together with key biological findings, we summarize the clinical results obtained using "liquid biopsies" at the different stages of the disease, for early and metastatic diagnosis as well as monitoring during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riva
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Paris, France; San Gerardo Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Monza, Italy
| | - Oleksii I Dronov
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Department of General Surgery No. 1, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro I Khomenko
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Department of General Surgery No. 1, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Florence Huguet
- Hopital Tenon, Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Louvet
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Department of Medical Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Mariani
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Proudhon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Medical Oncology, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francois-Clement Bidard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Medical Oncology, Paris, France.
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147
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Ko J, Carpenter E, Issadore D. Detection and isolation of circulating exosomes and microvesicles for cancer monitoring and diagnostics using micro-/nano-based devices. Analyst 2016; 141:450-460. [PMID: 26378496 PMCID: PMC4881422 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last several years, nanoscale vesicles that originate from tumor cells and which can be found circulating in the blood (i.e. exosomes and microvesicles) have been discovered to contain a wealth of proteomic and genetic information to monitor cancer progression, metastasis, and drug efficacy. However, the use of exosomes and microvesicles as biomarkers to improve patient care has been limited by their small size (30 nm-1 μm) and the extensive sample preparation required for their isolation and measurement. In this Critical Review, we explore the emerging use of micro and nano-technology to isolate and detect exosomes and microvesicles in clinical samples and the application of this technology to the monitoring and diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica Carpenter
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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148
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Court CM, Ankeny JS, Sho S, Tomlinson JS. Circulating Tumor Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Current Practices and Future Directions. Cancer Treat Res 2016; 168:345-376. [PMID: 29206383 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34244-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
GI cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide primarily due to a combination of late presentation and aggressive biology. The lack of adequate biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis confounds clinical decision-making and delays potentially effective therapies. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a new biomarker with particular promise in GI cancers, potentially offering clinicians and researchers real-time access to tumor tissue in a reliable, safe, and cost-effective manner. Preliminary studies have investigated the potential clinical utility of CTCs for all GI cancer types with promising results. Furthermore, advances in single cell analytics have been successfully applied to CTCs, allowing for exciting new clinical and research applications. In this chapter, we will review the current state of CTC research in GI cancers as well as the potential future applications that are currently being developed.
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Stoecklein NH, Fischer JC, Niederacher D, Terstappen LWMM. Challenges for CTC-based liquid biopsies: low CTC frequency and diagnostic leukapheresis as a potential solution. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 16:147-64. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Microfluidic Organ/Body-on-a-Chip Devices at the Convergence of Biology and Microengineering. SENSORS 2015; 15:31142-70. [PMID: 26690442 PMCID: PMC4721768 DOI: 10.3390/s151229848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical technologies are mostly related to the convergence of biology with microengineering. For instance, microfluidic devices are now commonly found in most research centers, clinics and hospitals, contributing to more accurate studies and therapies as powerful tools for drug delivery, monitoring of specific analytes, and medical diagnostics. Most remarkably, integration of cellularized constructs within microengineered platforms has enabled the recapitulation of the physiological and pathological conditions of complex tissues and organs. The so-called “organ-on-a-chip” technology, which represents a new avenue in the field of advanced in vitro models, with the potential to revolutionize current approaches to drug screening and toxicology studies. This review aims to highlight recent advances of microfluidic-based devices towards a body-on-a-chip concept, exploring their technology and broad applications in the biomedical field.
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