101
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine. Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. It may be related to heredity, environmental triggers, infection, immune dysfunction and other factors. Purinergic receptor (P2X7R) ligand-gated ion channel is closely related to inflammation and widely expressed in intestinal cells. Previous studies have shown that ATP/P2X7R signal is involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, but its specific mechanism needs further study. This article reviews the research progress of P2X7 receptor in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
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102
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Vuerich M, Robson SC, Longhi MS. Ectonucleotidases in Intestinal and Hepatic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:507. [PMID: 30941139 PMCID: PMC6433995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling modulates systemic and local inflammatory responses. Extracellular nucleotides, including eATP, promote inflammation, at least in part via the inflammasome upon engagement of P2 purinergic receptors. In contrast, adenosine generated during eATP phosphohydrolysis by ectonucleotidases, triggers immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory pathways. Mounting evidence supports the role of ectonucleotidases, especially ENTPD1/CD39 and CD73, in the control of several inflammatory conditions, ranging from infectious disease, organ fibrosis to oncogenesis. Our experimental data generated over the years have indicated both CD39 and CD73 serve as pivotal regulators of intestinal and hepatic inflammation. In this context, immune cell responses are regulated by the balance between eATP and adenosine, potentially impacting disease outcomes as in gastrointestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia reperfusion injury of the bowel and liver, autoimmune or viral hepatitis and other inflammatory conditions, such as cancer. In this review, we report the most recent discoveries on the role of ENTPD1/CD39, CD73, and other ectonucleotidases in the regulation of intestinal and hepatic inflammation. We discuss the present knowledge, highlight the most intriguing and promising experimental data and comment on important aspects that still need to be addressed to develop purinergic-based therapies for these important illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vuerich
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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103
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Wang Z, Vaughan TY, Zhu W, Chen Y, Fu G, Medrzycki M, Nishio H, Bunting ST, Hankey-Giblin PA, Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Wang D, Wen R, Bunting KD. Gab2 and Gab3 Redundantly Suppress Colitis by Modulating Macrophage and CD8 + T-Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:486. [PMID: 30936879 PMCID: PMC6431666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multi-factorial chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract prognostically linked to CD8+ T-cells, but little is known about their mechanism of activation during initiation of colitis. Here, Grb2-associated binding 2/3 adaptor protein double knockout mice (Gab2/3−/−) were generated. Gab2/3−/− mice, but not single knockout mice, developed spontaneous colitis. To analyze the cellular mechanism, reciprocal bone marrow (BM) transplantation demonstrated a Gab2/3−/− hematopoietic disease-initiating process. Adoptive transfer showed individual roles for macrophages and T-cells in promoting colitis development in vivo. In spontaneous disease, intestinal intraepithelial CD8+ but much fewer CD4+, T-cells from Gab2/3−/− mice with rectal prolapse were more proliferative. To analyze the molecular mechanism, reduced PI3-kinase/Akt/mTORC1 was observed in macrophages and T-cells, with interleukin (IL)-2 stimulated T-cells showing increased pSTAT5. These results illustrate the importance of Gab2/3 collectively in signaling responses required to control macrophage and CD8+ T-cell activation and suppress chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Wang
- Division of Hem/Onc/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tamisha Y Vaughan
- Division of Hem/Onc/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Division of Hem/Onc/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuhong Chen
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Guoping Fu
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Magdalena Medrzycki
- Division of Hem/Onc/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hikaru Nishio
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Silvia T Bunting
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pamela A Hankey-Giblin
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Demin Wang
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Renren Wen
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kevin D Bunting
- Division of Hem/Onc/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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104
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Vuerich M, Harshe RP, Robson SC, Longhi MS. Dysregulation of Adenosinergic Signaling in Systemic and Organ-Specific Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030528. [PMID: 30691212 PMCID: PMC6386992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exact causes for autoimmune diseases remain unclear and no cures are available. Breakdown of immunotolerance could set the stage for unfettered immune responses that target self-antigens. Impaired regulatory immune mechanisms could have permissive roles in autoreactivity. Abnormal regulatory immune cell function, therefore, might be a major determinant of the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. All current treatments are associated with some level of clinical toxicity. Treatment to specifically target dysregulated immunity in these diseases would be a great advance. Extracellular adenosine is a signaling mediator that suppresses inflammation through activation of P1 receptors, most active under pathological conditions. Mounting evidence has linked alterations in the generation of adenosine from extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, and associated perturbations in purinergic signaling, to the immunological disruption and loss of immunotolerance in autoimmunity. Targeted modulation of the purinergic signaling by either targeting ectonucleotidases or modulating P1 purinergic receptors could therefore restore the balance between autoreactive immune responses; and thereby allow reestablishment of immunotolerance. We review the roles of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes in inflammatory states and with the dysregulation of P1 receptor signaling in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Correction of such perturbations could be exploited in potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vuerich
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Rasika P Harshe
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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105
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Liu M, Zhang X, Hao Y, Ding J, Shen J, Xue Z, Qi W, Li Z, Song Y, Zhang T, Wang N. Protective effects of a novel probiotic strain, Lactococcus lactis ML2018, in colitis: in vivo and in vitro evidence. Food Funct 2019; 10:1132-1145. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple articles have confirmed that an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is closely related to aberrant immune responses of the intestines and to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
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106
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Gupta V, Katiyar S, Singh A, Misra R, Aggarwal A. CD39 positive regulatory T cell frequency as a biomarker of treatment response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:1548-1556. [PMID: 30146748 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nearly one-third of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not respond to Methotrexate (MTX), the first-line therapy in RA. CD39, an ectonucleotidase highly expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs), is responsible for production of adenosine, an important anti-inflammatory mediator of MTX action. Higher expression of CD39 on Tregs improves their suppressive capacity. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of CD39+ Treg frequency as a biomarker for MTX treatment response in RA. METHODS Patients with active RA who were naive to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were enrolled. Frequencies of CD39+ Tregs (CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ CD39+ cells) and CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ cells were determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood before the start of therapy. After 4 months of MTX monotherapy, patients were classified into responders (European League Against Rheumatism [EULAR] good/moderate response) and non-responders (EULAR no response). All samples were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11188513 and rs7071836 in the ENTPD1 (CD39) gene. RESULTS After 4 months of MTX monotherapy, 54 patients were classified as responders and 16 as non-responders. The baseline CD39+ Treg and CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ cell frequencies were significantly higher in the responder group as compared with the non-responder group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). AA genotype at SNP rs7071836 was associated with poor response to MTX (P < 0.05; odds ratio = 5.67; 95% CI = 1.12-28.75). CONCLUSION Higher frequencies of CD39+ Tregs and CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ cells in the peripheral blood are associated with response to MTX in RA and hence, these could be considered as potential biomarkers for prediction of response to MTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Gupta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shobhita Katiyar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramnath Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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107
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Abstract
Hypoxia causes a cascade of activity from the level of the individual down to the regulation and function of the cell nucleus. Prolonged periods of low oxygen tension are a core feature of several disease states. Advances in the study of molecular biology have begun to bridge the gap between the cellular response to hypoxia and physiology. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a treatment for hypoxic- and inflammatory-driven conditions, in which patients are treated with 100% oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure. This review discusses hypoxia, the physiologic changes associated with hypoxia, the responses that occur in the cells during hypoxic conditions, and the role that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can play as part of the treatment for many patients suffering from diseases with underlying hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Choudhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, St Vincent Charity Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA,
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108
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Giuliani AL, Sarti AC, Di Virgilio F. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides as signalling molecules. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:16-24. [PMID: 30439478 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides, mainly ATP, but also ADP, UTP, UDP and UDP-sugars, adenosine, and adenine base participate in the "purinergic signalling" pathway, an ubiquitous system of cell-to-cell communication. Fundamental pathophysiological processes such as tissue homeostasis, wound healing, neurodegeneration, immunity, inflammation and cancer are modulated by purinergic signalling. Nucleotides can be released from cells via unspecific or specific mechanisms. A non-regulated nucleotide release can occur from damaged or dying cells, whereas exocytotic granules, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, membrane channels (connexins, pannexins, calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM) channels and P2X7 receptor) or specific ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the controlled release. Four families of specific receptors, i.e. nucleotide P2X and P2Y receptors, adenosine P1 receptors, and the adenine-selective P0 receptor, and several ecto- nucleotidases are essential components of the "purinergic signalling" pathway. Thanks to the activity of ecto-nucleotidases, ATP (and possibly other nucleotides) are degraded into additional messenger molecules with specific action. The final biological effects depend on the type and amount of released nucleotides, their modification by ecto-nucleotidases, and their possible cellular re-uptake. Overall, these processes confer a remarkable level of selectivity and plasticity to purinergic signalling that makes this network one of the most relevant extracellular messenger systems in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy.
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109
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Crittenden S, Cheyne A, Adams A, Forster T, Robb CT, Felton J, Ho G, Ruckerl D, Rossi AG, Anderton SM, Ghazal P, Satsangi J, Howie SE, Yao C. Purine metabolism controls innate lymphoid cell function and protects against intestinal injury. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:1049-1059. [PMID: 29758102 PMCID: PMC6248310 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition of chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder with increasing prevalence but limited effective therapies. The purine metabolic pathway is involved in various inflammatory processes including IBD. However, the mechanisms through which purine metabolism modulates IBD remain to be established. Here, we found that mucosal expression of genes involved in the purine metabolic pathway is altered in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), which is associated with elevated gene expression signatures of the group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)-interleukin (IL)-22 pathway. In mice, blockade of ectonucleotidases (NTPDases), critical enzymes for purine metabolism by hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (eATP) into adenosine, exacerbates dextran-sulfate sodium-induced intestinal injury. This exacerbation of colitis is associated with reduction of colonic IL-22-producing ILC3s, which afford essential protection against intestinal inflammation, and is rescued by exogenous IL-22. Mechanistically, activation of ILC3s for IL-22 production is reciprocally mediated by eATP and adenosine. These findings reveal that the NTPDase-mediated balance between eATP and adenosine regulates ILC3 cell function to provide protection against intestinal injury and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for treating IBD by targeting the purine-ILC3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Crittenden
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Ashleigh Cheyne
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Alexander Adams
- Gastrointestinal UnitInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineWestern General HospitalThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
| | - Thorsten Forster
- Division of Pathway MedicineEdinburgh Infectious DiseasesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUK
| | - Calum T Robb
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Jennifer Felton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Gwo‐Tzer Ho
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Dominik Ruckerl
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Pathway MedicineEdinburgh Infectious DiseasesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys)The University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JDUK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal UnitInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineWestern General HospitalThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
| | - Sarah E Howie
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
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110
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Xie A, Robles RJ, Mukherjee S, Zhang H, Feldbrügge L, Csizmadia E, Wu Y, Enjyoji K, Moss AC, Otterbein LE, Quintana FJ, Robson SC, Longhi MS. HIF-1α-induced xenobiotic transporters promote Th17 responses in Crohn's disease. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:122-133. [PMID: 30098863 PMCID: PMC6193817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In Crohn's disease, pathogenic Th17-cells express low levels of CD39 ectonucleotidase and are refractory to the immunosuppressive effects of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), an endogenous ligand for aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor (AhR). This resistance to AhR ligation might be associated with alterations in responses to hypoxia. Limited exposure to hypoxia appears beneficial in acute tissue injury. However, in protracted inflammation, hypoxemia may paradoxically result in Th17-cell activation. We report here that in vitro exposure of Th17-cells from Crohn's disease patients to hypoxia limits responsiveness to AhR stimulation by UCB, as reflected by lower CD39 levels. Blockade of hypoxia-inducible-factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) upregulates CD39 and favors Th17-cell regulatory responses. Resistance of Th17-cells to AhR signaling results, in part, from HIF-1α-dependent induction of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: multidrug-resistance-protein-1 (MDR1) and multidrug-resistance-associated-protein-4 (MRP4). Increased ABC transporters promote efflux of suppressive AhR ligands, such as UCB, from Th17-cells. Inhibition of MDR1, MRP4 and/or HIF-1α with ritonavir (RTV) reconstitutes AhR function in Th17-cells, enhancing therapeutic effects of UCB in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced experimental colitis. Deleterious effects of hypoxia on Th17-cells in Crohn's disease can be ameliorated either by inhibiting HIF-1α or by suppressing ABC transporters to increase UCB availability as an AhR substrate. Targeting HIF-1α-ABC transporters could provide innovative therapeutic pathways for IBD.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/immunology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/immunology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Apyrase/genetics
- Apyrase/immunology
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/immunology
- Bilirubin/immunology
- Bilirubin/pharmacology
- Cell Hypoxia
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/drug therapy
- Colitis/genetics
- Colitis/immunology
- Crohn Disease/genetics
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Dextran Sulfate/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mucous Membrane/immunology
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/immunology
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/immunology
- Ritonavir/pharmacology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyan Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - René J Robles
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Samiran Mukherjee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Haohai Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Yan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Keiichi Enjyoji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, 02115, Boston, USA.
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215, Boston, USA.
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111
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Aherne CM, Collins CB, Rapp CR, Olli KE, Perrenoud L, Jedlicka P, Bowser JL, Mills TW, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blackburn MR, Eltzschig HK. Coordination of ENT2-dependent adenosine transport and signaling dampens mucosal inflammation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121521. [PMID: 30333323 PMCID: PMC6237472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier repair is vital for remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Extracellular adenosine signaling has been implicated in promoting restoration of epithelial barrier function. Currently, no clinically approved agents target this pathway. Adenosine signaling is terminated by uptake from the extracellular space via equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). We hypothesized that ENT inhibition could dampen intestinal inflammation. Initial studies demonstrated transcriptional repression of ENT1 and ENT2 in IBD biopsies or in murine IBD models. Subsequent studies in mice with global Ent1 or Ent2 deletion revealed selective protection of Ent2-/- mice. Elevated intestinal adenosine levels in conjunction with abolished protection following pharmacologic blockade of A2B adenosine receptors implicate adenosine signaling as the mechanism of gut protection in Ent2-/- mice. Additional studies in mice with tissue-specific deletion of Ent2 uncovered epithelial Ent2 as the target. Moreover, intestinal protection provided by a selective Ent2 inhibitor was abolished in mice with epithelium-specific deletion of Ent2 or the A2B adenosine receptor. Taken together, these findings indicate that increased mucosal A2B signaling following repression or deletion of epithelial Ent2 coordinates the resolution of intestinal inflammation. This study suggests the presence of a targetable purinergic network within the intestinal epithelium designed to limit tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M. Aherne
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Colm B. Collins
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Caroline R. Rapp
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristine E. Olli
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Loni Perrenoud
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tingting W. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael R. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
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Regnase-1 controls colon epithelial regeneration via regulation of mTOR and purine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11036-11041. [PMID: 30297433 PMCID: PMC6205455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809575115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the gut microbiota and immune system of the host; however, the precise pathogenesis of IBD is poorly defined. We show that specific deletion of the endoribonuclease Regnase-1 in intestinal epithelial cells relieves the symptoms of experimental colitis during acute inflammation. Regnase-1 deficiency potentiates mTOR signaling and purine metabolism in the colon epithelium. These data provide insight into the role of epithelial Regnase-1 in IBD. Damage to intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) layers during intestinal inflammation is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Here we show that the endoribonuclease Regnase-1 controls colon epithelial regeneration by regulating protein kinase mTOR (the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) and purine metabolism. During dextran sulfate sodium-induced intestinal epithelial injury and acute colitis, Regnase-1∆IEC mice, which lack Regnase-1 specifically in the intestinal epithelium, were resistant to body weight loss, maintained an intact intestinal barrier, and showed increased cell proliferation and decreased epithelial apoptosis. Chronic colitis and tumor progression were also attenuated in Regnase-1∆IEC mice. Regnase-1 predominantly regulates mTORC1 signaling. Metabolic analysis revealed that Regnase-1 participates in purine metabolism and energy metabolism during inflammation. Furthermore, increased expression of ectonucleotidases contributed to the resolution of acute inflammation in Regnase-1∆IEC mice. These findings provide evidence that Regnase-1 deficiency has beneficial effects on the prevention and/or blocking of intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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113
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Nardi-Schreiber A, Sapir G, Gamliel A, Kakhlon O, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Meiner V, Lossos A, Katz-Brull R. Defective ATP breakdown activity related to an ENTPD1 gene mutation demonstrated using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9121-9124. [PMID: 28759073 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (E-NTPDase-1, CD39) enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of extracellular ATP to ADP and then to AMP by a two-step process. Defective CD39 activity has been described in a variety of medical conditions including malignancy and rheumatic diseases and has been proved to be of major diagnostic and clinical importance. Here we show for the first time that a 31P NMR spectroscopy methodology enables the quantification of these two steps in a single blood sample. We have applied this assay to determine the E-NTPDase activity on human mononuclear cells taken from two siblings affected by a stop-codon mutation in the ENTPD1 gene, their obligatory heterozygous parents, and healthy volunteers. The affected subjects presented low ATP breakdown activity, mainly expressed as low AMP production.
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114
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ATP as a Pathophysiologic Mediator of Bacteria-Host Crosstalk in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082371. [PMID: 30103545 PMCID: PMC6121306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are released from host cells including nerve termini, immune cells, injured or dead cells, and the commensal bacteria that reside in the gut lumen. Extracellular ATP interacts with the host through purinergic receptors, and promotes intercellular and bacteria-host communication to maintain the tissue homeostasis. However, the release of massive concentrations of ATP into extracellular compartments initiates acute and chronic inflammatory responses through the activation of immunocompetent cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, and mast cells). In this review, we focus on the functions of ATP as a pathophysiologic mediator that is required for the induction and resolution of inflammation and inter-species communication.
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115
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Degauque N, Brosseau C, Brouard S. Regulation of the Immune Response by the Inflammatory Metabolic Microenvironment in the Context of Allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1465. [PMID: 29988548 PMCID: PMC6026640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen challenge induced by allotransplantation results in the activation of T and B cells, followed by their differentiation and proliferation to mount an effective immune response. Metabolic fitness has been shown to be crucial for supporting the major shift from quiescent to active immune cells and for tuning the immune response. Metabolic reprogramming includes regulation of the balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration processes. Recent research has shed new light on the functions served by the end products of metabolism such as lactate, acetate, and ATP. At enhanced local concentrations, these metabolites have complex effects in which they not only induce T and B cell responses, cell mobility, and cytokine secretion but also favor the resolution of inflammation by promoting regulatory functions. Such mechanisms are instrumental in the context of the immune response in transplantation, not only to protect the graft and/or eliminate cells targeting it but also to maintain cell homeostasis per se. Metabolic adaptation thus plays an instrumental role on the outcome of the cellular and humoral responses. This, of course, raises the possibility of drugs that would interfere in these metabolic pathways to control the immune response but also highlights the risk that some drugs may perturb this metabolism and cell homeostasis and be deleterious for graft outcome. This review focuses on how metabolic alterations of the local immune microenvironment regulate the immune response and the impact of metabolic manipulation in allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Degauque
- CRTI UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Brosseau
- CRTI UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CRTI UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Knight JS, Mazza LF, Yalavarthi S, Sule G, Ali RA, Hodgin JB, Kanthi Y, Pinsky DJ. Ectonucleotidase-Mediated Suppression of Lupus Autoimmunity and Vascular Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1322. [PMID: 29942314 PMCID: PMC6004379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives CD39 and CD73 are surface enzymes that jut into the extracellular space where they mediate the step-wise phosphohydrolysis of the autocrine and paracrine danger signals ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine. Given the role of vascular and immune cells' "purinergic halo" in maintaining homeostasis, we hypothesized that the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 might play a protective role in lupus. Methods Lupus was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of pristane to three groups of mice: wild-type (WT), CD39-/-, and CD73-/-. After 36 weeks, autoantibodies, endothelial function, kidney disease, splenocyte activation/polarization, and neutrophil activation were characterized. Results As compared with WT mice, CD39-/- mice developed exaggerated splenomegaly in response to pristane, while both groups of ectonucleotidase-deficient mice demonstrated heightened anti-ribonucleoprotein production. The administration of pristane to WT mice triggered only subtle dysfunction of the arterial endothelium; however, both CD39-/- and CD73-/- mice demonstrated striking endothelial dysfunction following induction of lupus, which could be reversed by superoxide dismutase. Activated B cells and plasma cells were expanded in CD73-/- mice, while deficiency of either ectonucleotidase led to expansion of TH17 cells. CD39-/- and CD73-/- mice demonstrated exaggerated neutrophil extracellular trap release, while CD73-/- mice additionally had higher levels of plasma cell-free DNA. Conclusion These data are the first to link ectonucleotidases with lupus autoimmunity and vascular disease. New therapeutic strategies may harness purinergic nucleotide dissipation or signaling to limit the damage inflicted upon organs and blood vessels by lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Levi F Mazza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gautam Sule
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiology, Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David J Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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117
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McRae JL, Chia JS, Pommey SA, Dwyer KM. Evaluation of CD4 + CD25 +/- CD39 + T-cell populations in peripheral blood of patients following kidney transplantation and during acute allograft rejection. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 22:505-512. [PMID: 27517975 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important in mediating immune tolerance and outcomes of allotransplantation. CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ co-expression identifies memory Treg; CD4+ CD25- CD39+ memory T effectors. We sought to determine CD4+ CD25+/- CD39+ expression from the peripheral blood of patients with end stage renal failure, following transplantation and during episodes of acute cellular rejection. METHODS CD4+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes and analysed for CD25 and CD39 expression by flow cytometry. Treg suppressive function was measured by suppression of autologous effector T-cell proliferation by Treg in co-culture. RESULTS CD4+ CD25+/- CD39+ T-cell subsets were tracked longitudinally in the peripheral blood of 17 patients following renal transplantation. Patients with acute T-cell-mediated rejection diagnosed on biopsy had reduced CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ mTreg (P < 0.05) and CD4+ CD25- CD39+ mTeff (P < 0.01) cells compared with non-rejecting patients. CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ mTreg (P < 0.05) and CD4+ CD25- CD39+ mTeff (P = 0.057) were reduced in long-term transplant patients (>1 year) compared with non-immunosuppressed controls. Interestingly, remaining CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ mTreg in the stable transplant patients displayed more potent suppressive capacity compared with non-immunosuppressed controls (83.2% ± 3.1% vs 45.7% ± 8.0%, nTeff:Treg ratio 8:1, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ mTreg and CD4+ CD25- CD39+ mTeff in peripheral blood can be tracked in renal transplant patients. Acute cellular rejection was accompanied by reduced mTreg and mTeff. Determining changes in these T-cell subsets may help to identify patients with, or at high risk of, renal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McRae
- Immunology Research Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Sj Chia
- Immunology Research Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra A Pommey
- Immunology Research Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- Immunology Research Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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118
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Raczkowski F, Rissiek A, Ricklefs I, Heiss K, Schumacher V, Wundenberg K, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F, Tolosa E, Mittrücker HW. CD39 is upregulated during activation of mouse and human T cells and attenuates the immune response to Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197151. [PMID: 29742141 PMCID: PMC5942830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine. ATP is released by stressed or damaged cells and provides pro-inflammatory signals to immune cells through P2 receptors. Adenosine, on the other hand, suppresses immune cells by stimulating P1 receptors. Thus, CD39 and CD73 can shape the quality of immune responses. Here we demonstrate that upregulation of CD39 is a consistent feature of activated conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Following stimulation in vitro, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from human blood gained surface expression of CD39 but displayed only low levels of CD73. Activated human T cells from inflamed joints largely presented with a CD39+CD73— phenotype. In line, in spleens of mice with acute Listeria monocytogenes, listeria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells acquired a CD39+CD73— phenotype. To test the function of CD39 in control of bacterial infection, CD39-deficient (CD39-/-) mice were infected with L. monocytogenes. CD39-/- mice showed better initial control of L. monocytogenes, which was associated with enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. In the late stage of infection, CD39-/- mice accumulated more listeria-specific CD8+ T cells in the spleen than wildtype animals suggesting that CD39 attenuates the CD8+ T-cell response to infection. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CD39 is upregulated on conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at sites of acute infection and inflammation, and that CD39 dampens responses to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Raczkowski
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rissiek
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Ricklefs
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Heiss
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valéa Schumacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kira Wundenberg
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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119
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Rahimzadeh M, Pirdel L. Effect of Interferon- on Expression of CD39 and CD73 Genes in the Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF ARDABIL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jarums.18.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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120
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Bowser JL, Phan LH, Eltzschig HK. The Hypoxia-Adenosine Link during Intestinal Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:897-907. [PMID: 29358413 PMCID: PMC5784778 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a key element in inflammatory bowel disease and is related to a combination of factors, including genetics, mucosal barrier dysfunction, bacteria translocation, deleterious host-microbe interactions, and dysregulated immune responses. Over the past decade, it has been appreciated that these inflammatory lesions are associated with profound tissue hypoxia. Interestingly, an endogenous adaptive response under the control of hypoxia signaling is enhancement in adenosine signaling, which impacts these different endpoints, including promoting barrier function and encouraging anti-inflammatory activity. In this review, we discuss the hypoxia-adenosine link in inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, and colon cancer. In addition, we provide a summary of clinical implications of hypoxia and adenosine signaling in intestinal inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Luan H Phan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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121
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Yuan X, Lee JW, Bowser JL, Neudecker V, Sridhar S, Eltzschig HK. Targeting Hypoxia Signaling for Perioperative Organ Injury. Anesth Analg 2018; 126:308-321. [PMID: 28759485 PMCID: PMC5735013 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative organ injury has a significant impact on surgical outcomes and presents a leading cause of death in the United States. Recent research has pointed out an important role of hypoxia signaling in the protection from organ injury, including for example myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney, or gut injury. Hypoxia induces the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), thereby leading to the induction of HIF target genes, which facilitates adaptive responses to low oxygen. In this review, we focus on current therapeutic strategies targeting hypoxia signaling in various organ injury models and emphasize potential clinical approaches to integrate these findings into the care of surgical patients. Conceptually, there are 2 options to target the HIF pathway for organ protection. First, drugs became recently available that promote the stabilization of HIFs, most prominently via inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase. These compounds are currently trialed in patients, for example, for anemia treatment or prevention of ischemia and reperfusion injury. Second, HIF target genes (such as adenosine receptors) could be activated directly. We hope that some of these approaches may lead to novel pharmacologic strategies to prevent or treat organ injury in surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae W. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viola Neudecker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinic of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Srikanth Sridhar
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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122
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Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Successful and Maladaptive T Cell Aging. Immunity 2017; 46:364-378. [PMID: 28329703 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, the T cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands, resulting in a fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals. Here we review the cellular and molecular features of an aged immune system and discuss the trade-offs inherent to these adaptive mechanisms. Processes include homeostatic proliferation that maintains compartment size at the expense of partial loss in stemness and incomplete differentiation and the activation of negative regulatory programs, which constrain effector T cell expansion and prevent increasing oligoclonality but also interfere with memory cell generation. We propose that immune failure occurs when adaptive strategies developed by the aging T cell system fail and also discuss how, in some settings, the programs associated with T cell aging culminates in a maladaptive response that directly contributes to chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Feldbrügge L, Moss AC, Yee EU, Csizmadia E, Mitsuhashi S, Longhi MS, Sandhu B, Stephan H, Wu Y, Cheifetz AS, Müller CE, Sévigny J, Robson SC, Jiang ZG. Expression of Ecto-nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolases-2 and -3 in the Enteric Nervous System Affects Inflammation in Experimental Colitis and Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1113-1123. [PMID: 28472257 PMCID: PMC5881706 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have suggested that the enteric nervous system can modulate gut immunity. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases [E-NTPDases] regulate purinergic signalling by sequential phosphohydrolysis of pro-inflammatory extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate [ATP]. Herein, we test the hypothesis that E-NTPDases modulate gut inflammation via neuro-immune crosstalk. DESIGN We determined expression patterns of NTPDase2 and NTPDase3 in murine and human colon. Experimental colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] in genetically engineered mice deficient in NTPDase2 or NTPDase3. We compared plasma adenosine diphosphatase [ADPase] activity from Crohn's patients and healthy controls, and linked the enzyme activity to Crohn's disease activity. RESULTS NTPDase2 and -3 were chiefly expressed in cells of the enteric nervous system in both murine and human colon. When compared with wild type, DSS-induced colitis was exacerbated in Entpd2, and to a lesser extent, Entpd3 null mice as measured by disease activity score and histology, and marked anaemia was seen in both. Colonic macrophages isolated from Entpd2 null mice displayed a pro-inflammatory phenotype compared with wild type. In human plasma, Crohn's patients had decreases in ADPase activity when compared with healthy controls. The drop in ADPase activity was likely associated with changes in NTPDase2 and -3, as suggested by inhibitor studies, and were correlated with Crohn's disease activity. CONCLUSIONS NTPDase2 and -3 are ecto-enzymes expressed in the enteric nervous system. Both enzymes confer protection against gut inflammation in experimental colitis and exhibit alterations in Crohn's disease. These observations suggest that purinergic signalling modulated by E-NTPDases governs neuro-immune interactions that are relevant in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Feldbrügge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, OU Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Mitsuhashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bynvant Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Cheifetz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lanis JM, Kao DJ, Alexeev EE, Colgan SP. Tissue metabolism and the inflammatory bowel diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:905-913. [PMID: 28528514 PMCID: PMC5696119 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa provides a selective barrier between the anaerobic lumen and a highly metabolic lamina propria. A number of recent studies indicate that acute inflammation of the mucosa can result in tissue hypoxia and associated shifts in tissue metabolism. The activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) under these conditions has been demonstrated to function as an endogenous molecular cue to promote resolution of inflammation, particularly through the orchestration of barrier repair toward homeostasis. Given the central role of oxygen in tissue metabolism, ongoing studies have defined metabolic endpoints of HIF stabilization as important biomarkers of disease activity. Such findings make HIF and HIF-associated metabolic pathways particularly attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we review the recent literature related to tissue metabolism in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi M Lanis
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, RC2 Room 10450, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daniel J Kao
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, RC2 Room 10450, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Erica E Alexeev
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, RC2 Room 10450, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, RC2 Room 10450, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Neudecker V, Colgan SP, Eltzschig HK. Novel therapeutic concepts for inflammatory bowel disease-from bench to bedside. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:899-903. [PMID: 28780611 PMCID: PMC5800411 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Neudecker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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126
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Bowser JL, Lee JW, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. The hypoxia-adenosine link during inflammation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1303-1320. [PMID: 28798196 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00101.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tissue conditions occur during a number of inflammatory diseases and are associated with the breakdown of barriers and induction of proinflammatory responses. At the same time, hypoxia is also known to induce several adaptive and tissue-protective pathways that dampen inflammation and protect tissue integrity. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that are stabilized during inflammatory or hypoxic conditions are at the center of mediating these responses. In the past decade, several genes regulating extracellular adenosine metabolism and signaling have been identified as being direct targets of HIFs. Here, we discuss the relationship between inflammation, hypoxia, and adenosine and that HIF-driven adenosine metabolism and signaling is essential in providing tissue protection during inflammatory conditions, including myocardial injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and acute lung injury. We also discuss how the hypoxia-adenosine link can be targeted therapeutically in patients as a future treatment approach for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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127
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Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated by a diverse, highly mutualistic microbial flora, which is known as the microbiome. Disruptions to the microbiome have been shown to be associated with severe pathologies of the host, including metabolic disease, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Mood and behavior are also susceptible to alterations in the gut microbiota. A particularly striking example of the symbiotic effects of the microbiome is the immune system, whose cells depend critically on a diverse array of microbial metabolites for normal development and behavior. This includes metabolites that are produced by bacteria from dietary components, metabolites that are produced by the host and biochemically modified by gut bacteria, and metabolites that are synthesized de novo by gut microbes. In this review, we highlight the role of the intestinal microbiome in human metabolic and inflammatory diseases and focus in particular on the molecular mechanisms that govern the gut-immune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Siegmund Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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128
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Abstract
As the rate-limiting enzyme in ATP/ADP–AMP–adenosine pathway, CD39 would be a novel checkpoint inhibitor target in preventing adenosine-triggered immune-suppressive effect. In addition, CD39hi Tregs, but not CD25hi Tregs, exhibit sustained Foxp3 levels and functional abilities, indicating it could represent a new specific marker of Tregs. Similarly, inhibition of CD39 enzymatic function at the surface of tumor cells alleviates their immunosuppressive activity. Far from conclusive, present research revealed that CD39 also dephosphorylated and thus inactivated self- and pathogen-associated phosphoantigens of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which may be the most promising subpopulation for cellular vaccine. CD39 is also tightly related to Th17 cells and can be regarded as a Th17 cells marker. In this review, we focus on present research of CD39 ectoenzyme and provide insights into its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Bo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatric Diseases, and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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129
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Purinergic signaling during intestinal inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:915-925. [PMID: 28547076 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a devastating disease that is associated with excessive inflammation in the intestinal tract in genetically susceptible individuals and potentially triggered by microbial dysbiosis. This illness markedly predisposes patients to thrombophilia and chronic debility as well as bowel, lymphatic, and liver cancers. Development of new therapies is needed to re-establish long-term immune tolerance in IBD patients without increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and cancer. Aberrant purinergic signaling pathways have been implicated in disordered thromboregulation and immune dysregulation, as noted in the pathogenesis of IBD and other gastrointestinal/hepatic autoimmune diseases. Expression of CD39 on endothelial or immune cells allows for homeostatic integration of hemostasis and immunity, which are disrupted in IBD. Our focus in this review is on novel aspects of the functions of CD39 and related NTPDases in IBD. Regulated CD39 activity allows for scavenging of extracellular nucleotides, the maintenance of P2-receptor integrity and coordination of adenosinergic signaling responses. CD39 together with CD73, serves as an integral component of the immunosuppressive machinery of dendritic cells, myeloid cells, T and B cells. Genetic inheritance and environental factors closely regulate the levels of expression and phosphohydrolytic activity of CD39, both on immune cells and released microparticles. Purinergic mechanisms associated with T regulatory and supressor T helper type 17 cells modulate disease activity in IBD, as can be modeled in experimental colitis. As a recent example, upregulation of CD39 is dependent upon ligation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), as with natural ligands such as bilirubin and 2-(1' H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). Decreased expression of CD39 and/or dysfunctional AHR signaling, however, abrogates the protective effects of immunosuppressive AHR ligands. These factors could also serve as biomarkers of disease activity in IBD. Heightened thrombosis, inflammation, and immune disturbances as seen in IBD appear to be associated with aberrant purinergic signaling. Ongoing development of therapeutic strategies augmenting CD39 ectonucleotidase bioactivity via cytokines or AHR ligands offers promise for management of thrombophilia, disordered inflammation, and aberrant immune reactivity in IBD.
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130
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Li P, Yang QZ, Wang W, Zhang GQ, Yang J. Increased IL-4- and IL-17-producing CD8 + cells are related to decreased CD39 +CD4 +Foxp3 + cells in allergic asthma. J Asthma 2017; 55:8-14. [PMID: 28346024 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1310225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In allergic asthma, regulatory T cell (Treg) number and function are decreased. Antigen-primed CD8+ T cells play an indispensable role in the full development of airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) occurring in asthma. In this study, we investigated the relationship between subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and CD39+ Tregs. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were used to develop the model of allergic asthma. Experimental mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) by intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection and then challenged with OVA by intra-tracheal administration. Control mice were immunized with vehicle by i.p injection and challenged with OVA. Airway inflammation was determined by histology and AHR was measured by an invasive method. Levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequencies of CD8+IFN-γ+ cells (Tc1), CD8+IL-4+ cells (Tc2), CD8+IL-17+cells (Tc17), and CD39+Tregs were measured by flow cytometry. The correlation between CD39+Tregs and Tc subsets was analyzed by Pearson's test. RESULTS Experimental mice displayed phenotypes of allergic asthma, including inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs, goblet cell hyperplasia, increased airway resistance, and increased IL-4 and IL-17 in BALF. Compared to control mice, experimental mice displayed lower CD39+Tregs and Tc1 but higher Tc2 and Tc17. There was a negative correlation between CD39+Tregs and Tc2 or Tc17. CONCLUSION In allergic asthma, increased Tc2 and Tc17 are possibly related to insufficient CD39+Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- a Department of Pulmonology , Affiliated Xiangyang Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , China
| | - Qun-Zhen Yang
- a Department of Pulmonology , Affiliated Xiangyang Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine , Xiangyang , China
| | - Wei Wang
- b Department of Pulmonology , Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Gu-Qin Zhang
- b Department of Pulmonology , Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Jiong Yang
- b Department of Pulmonology , Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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131
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Longhi MS, Vuerich M, Kalbasi A, Kenison JE, Yeste A, Csizmadia E, Vaughn B, Feldbrugge L, Mitsuhashi S, Wegiel B, Otterbein L, Moss A, Quintana FJ, Robson SC. Bilirubin suppresses Th17 immunity in colitis by upregulating CD39. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92791. [PMID: 28469075 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), a product of heme oxidation, has known immunosuppressant properties but the molecular mechanisms, other than antioxidant effects, remain largely unexplored. We note that UCB modulates T helper type 17 (Th17) immune responses, in a manner dependent upon heightened expression of CD39 ectonucleotidase. UCB has protective effects in experimental colitis, where it enhances recovery after injury and preferentially boosts IL-10 production by colonic intraepithelial CD4+ cells. In vitro, UCB confers immunoregulatory properties on human control Th17 cells, as reflected by increased levels of FOXP3 and CD39 with heightened cellular suppressor ability. Upregulation of CD39 by Th17 cells is dependent upon ligation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by UCB. Genetic deletion of CD39, as in Entpd1-/- mice, or dysfunction of AHR, as in Ahrd mice, abrogates these UCB salutary effects in experimental colitis. However, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) samples, UCB fails to confer substantive immunosuppressive properties upon Th17 cells, because of decreased AHR levels under the conditions tested in vitro. Immunosuppressive effects of UCB are mediated by AHR resulting in CD39 upregulation by Th17. Boosting downstream effects of AHR via UCB or enhancing CD39-mediated ectoenzymatic activity might provide therapeutic options to address development of Th17 dysfunction in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Longhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marta Vuerich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ada Yeste
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Byron Vaughn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Feldbrugge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Mitsuhashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leo Otterbein
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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132
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Maloney JP, Branchford BR, Brodsky GL, Cosmic MS, Calabrese DW, Aquilante CL, Maloney KW, Gonzalez JR, Zhang W, Moreau KL, Wiggins KL, Smith NL, Broeckel U, Di Paola J. The ENTPD1 promoter polymorphism -860 A > G (rs3814159) is associated with increased gene transcription, protein expression, CD39/NTPDase1 enzymatic activity, and thromboembolism risk. FASEB J 2017; 31:2771-2784. [PMID: 28302652 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600344r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1) degrades the purines ATP and ADP that are key regulators of inflammation and clotting. We hypothesized that NTPDase1 polymorphisms exist and that they regulate this pathway. We sequenced the ENTPD1 gene (encoding NTPDase1) in 216 subjects then assessed genotypes in 2 cohorts comprising 2213 humans to identify ENTPD1 polymorphisms associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). The G allele of the intron 1 polymorphism rs3176891 was more common in VTE vs. controls (odds ratio 1.26-1.9); it did not affect RNA splicing, but it was in strong linkage disequilibrium with the G allele of the promoter polymorphism rs3814159, which increased transcriptional activity by 8-fold. Oligonucleotides containing the G allele of this promoter region bound nuclear extracts more avidly. Carriers of rs3176891 G had endothelial cells with increased NTPDase1 activity and protein expression, and had platelets with enhanced aggregation. Thus, the G allele of rs3176891 marks a haplotype associated with increased clotting and platelet aggregation attributable to a promoter variant associated with increased transcription, expression, and activity of NTPDase1. We term this gain-of-function phenotype observed with rs3814159 G "CD39 Denver."-Maloney, J. P., Branchford, B. R., Brodsky, G. L., Cosmic, M. S., Calabrese, D. W., Aquilante, C. L., Maloney, K. W., Gonzalez, J. R., Zhang, W., Moreau, K. L., Wiggins, K. L., Smith, N. L., Broeckel, U., Di Paola, J. The ENTPD1 promoter polymorphism -860 A > G (rs3814159) is associated with increased gene transcription, protein expression, CD39/NTPDase1 enzymatic activity, and thromboembolism risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Maloney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; .,Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian R Branchford
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gary L Brodsky
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maxwell S Cosmic
- Chest, Infectious Disease, and Critical Care Associates, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - David W Calabrese
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina L Aquilante
- Pharmaceutical Sciences/School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly W Maloney
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph R Gonzalez
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Biostatistics and Informatics/Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Group Health Research Institutes, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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133
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Hypoxia and inflammatory bowel disease. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:210-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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134
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Kim DH, Cheon JH. Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Recent Advances in Biologic Therapies. Immune Netw 2017; 17:25-40. [PMID: 28261018 PMCID: PMC5334120 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology. IBD is composed of two different disease entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD has been thought to be idiopathic but has two main attributable causes that include genetic and environmental factors. The gastrointestinal tract in which this disease occurs is central to the immune system, and the innate and the adaptive immune systems are balanced in complex interactions with intestinal microbes under homeostatic conditions. However, in IBD, this homeostasis is disrupted and uncontrolled intestinal inflammation is perpetuated. Recently, the pathogenesis of IBD has become better understood owing to advances in genetic and immunologic technology. Moreover, new therapeutic strategies are now being implemented that accurately target the pathogenesis of IBD. Beyond conventional immunesuppressive therapy, the development of biological agents that target specific disease mechanisms has resulted in more frequent and deeper remission in IBD patients, with mucosal healing as a treatment goal of therapy. Future novel biologics should overcome the limitations of current therapies and ensure that individual patients can be treated with optimal drugs that are safe and precisely target IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Hospital, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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135
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Furuta Y, Tsai SH, Kinoshita M, Fujimoto K, Okumura R, Umemoto E, Kurashima Y, Kiyono H, Kayama H, Takeda K. E-NPP3 controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers in the small intestine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172509. [PMID: 28225814 PMCID: PMC5321438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) performs multiple functions including activation and induction of apoptosis of many cell types. The ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzyme ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 (E-NPP3) regulates ATP-dependent chronic allergic responses by mast cells and basophils. However, E-NPP3 is also highly expressed on epithelial cells of the small intestine. In this study, we showed that E-NPP3 controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) numbers in the intestine through regulation of intestinal extracellular ATP. In Enpp3-/- mice, ATP concentrations were increased in the intestinal lumen. pDC numbers were remarkably decreased in the small intestinal lamina propria and Peyer's patches. Intestinal pDCs of Enpp3-/- mice showed enhanced cell death as characterized by increases in annexin V binding and expression of cleaved caspase-3. pDCs were highly sensitive to ATP-induced cell death compared with conventional DCs. ATP-induced cell death was abrogated in P2rx7-/- pDCs. Accordingly, the number of intestinal pDCs was restored in Enpp3-/- P2rx7-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that E-NPP3 regulates ATP concentration and thereby prevents the decrease of pDCs in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoki Furuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shih-Han Tsai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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136
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Faas MM, Sáez T, de Vos P. Extracellular ATP and adenosine: The Yin and Yang in immune responses? Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:9-19. [PMID: 28093236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine molecules are intimately involved in immune responses. ATP is mostly a pro-inflammatory molecule and is released during hypoxic condition and by necrotic cells, as well as by activated immune cells and endothelial cells. However, under certain conditions, for instance at low concentrations or at prolonged exposure, ATP may also have anti-inflammatory properties. Extracellular ATP can activate both P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors. Extracellular ATP can be hydrolyzed into adenosine in a two-step enzymatic process involving the ectonucleotidases CD39 (ecto-apyrase) and CD73. These enzymes are expressed by many cell types, including endothelial cells and immune cells. The counterpart of ATP is adenosine, which is produced by breakdown of intra- or extracellular ATP. Adenosine has mainly anti-inflammatory effects by binding to the adenosine, or P1, receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). These receptors are also expressed in many cells, including immune cells. The final effect of ATP and adenosine in immune responses depends on the fine regulatory balance between the 2 molecules. In the present review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the role of these 2 molecules in the immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - T Sáez
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P de Vos
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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137
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Sutton NR, Hayasaki T, Hyman MC, Anyanwu AC, Liao H, Petrovic-Djergovic D, Badri L, Baek AE, Walker N, Fukase K, Kanthi Y, Visovatti SH, Horste EL, Ray JJ, Goonewardena SN, Pinsky DJ. Ectonucleotidase CD39-driven control of postinfarction myocardial repair and rupture. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89504. [PMID: 28097233 PMCID: PMC5213916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction (MI) are often fatal. Little is known about endogenous factors that predispose to myocardial rupture after MI. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39) could be a critical mediator of propensity to myocardial rupture after MI due to its role in modulating inflammation and thrombosis. Using a model of permanent coronary artery ligation, rupture was virtually abrogated in cd39-/- mice versus cd39+/+ controls, with elevated fibrin and collagen deposition and marked neutrophil and macrophage influx. Macrophages were found to display increased surface expression of CD301 and CD206, marking a reparative phenotype, driven by increased extracellular ATP and IL-4 in the infarcted myocardium of cd39-/- mice. A myeloid-specific CD39-knockout mouse also demonstrated protection from rupture, with an attenuated rupture phenotype, suggesting that complete ablation of CD39 provides the greatest degree of protection in this model. Absence of CD39, either globally or in a myeloid lineage-restricted fashion, skews the phenotype toward alternatively activated (reparative) macrophage infiltration following MI. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized and unexpected role of endogenous CD39 to skew macrophage phenotype and promote a propensity to myocardial rupture after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Takanori Hayasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Matthew C. Hyman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Anuli C. Anyanwu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Hui Liao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Linda Badri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Amy E. Baek
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Natalie Walker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Keigo Fukase
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Section of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott H. Visovatti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ellen L. Horste
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Jessica J. Ray
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Sascha N. Goonewardena
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Section of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David J. Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
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138
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Metabolites: deciphering the molecular language between DCs and their environment. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:177-198. [PMID: 27921148 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) determine the outcome of the immune response based on signals they receive from the environment. Presentation of antigen under various contexts can lead to activation and differentiation of T cells for immunity or dampening of immune responses by establishing tolerance, primarily through the priming of regulatory T cells. Infections, inflammation and normal cellular interactions shape DC responses through direct contact or via cytokine signaling. Although it is widely accepted that DCs sense microbial components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), increasing evidence advocates for the existence of a set of signals that can profoundly shape DC function via PRR-independent pathways. This diverse group of host- or commensal-derived metabolites represents a newly appreciated code from which DCs can interpret environmental cues. In this review, we discuss the existing information on the effect of some of the most studied metabolites on DC function, together with the implications this may have in immune-mediated diseases.
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139
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The impact of intestinal resection on the immune function of short bowel syndrome patients. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1202-1208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.07.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Apostolova P, Zeiser R. The Role of Purine Metabolites as DAMPs in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:439. [PMID: 27818661 PMCID: PMC5073102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) causes high mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. An early event in the classical pathogenesis of acute GvHD is tissue damage caused by the conditioning treatment or infection that consecutively leads to translocation of bacterial products [pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)] into blood or lymphoid tissue, as well as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), mostly intracellular components that act as pro-inflammatory agents, once they are released into the extracellular space. A subtype of DAMPs is nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate released from dying cells that can activate the innate and adaptive immune system by binding to purinergic receptors. Binding to certain purinergic receptors leads to a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and promotes allogeneic T cell priming. After priming, T cells migrate to the acute GvHD target organs, mainly skin, liver, and the gastrointestinal tract and induce cell damage that further amplifies the release of intracellular components. This review summarizes the role of different purinergic receptors in particular P2X7 and P2Y2 as well as nucleotides in the pathogenesis of GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Apostolova
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
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141
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Molecular Signaling and Dysfunction of the Human Reactive Enteric Glial Cell Phenotype: Implications for GI Infection, IBD, POI, Neurological, Motility, and GI Disorders. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:1812-34. [PMID: 27416040 PMCID: PMC4993196 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations or animal studies implicate enteric glial cells in motility disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal (GI) infections, postoperative ileus, and slow transit constipation. Mechanisms underlying glial responses to inflammation in human GI tract are not understood. Our goal was to identify the "reactive human enteric glial cell (rhEGC) phenotype" induced by inflammation, and probe its functional relevance. METHODS Human enteric glial cells in culture from 15 GI-surgical specimens were used to study gene expression, Ca, and purinergic signaling by Ca/fluo-4 imaging and mechanosensitivity. A nanostring panel of 107 genes was designed as a read out of inflammation, transcription, purinergic signaling, vesicular transport protein, channel, antioxidant, and other pathways. A 24-hour treatment with lipopolysaccharide (200 μg/mL) and interferon-γ (10 μg/mL) was used to induce inflammation and study molecular signaling, flow-dependent Ca responses from 3 mL/min to 10 mL/min, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, and ATP responses. RESULTS Treatment induced a "rhEGC phenotype" and caused up-regulation in messenger RNA transcripts of 58% of 107 genes analyzed. Regulated genes included inflammatory genes (54%/IP10; IFN-γ; CxCl2; CCL3; CCL2; C3; s100B; IL-1β; IL-2R; TNF-α; IL-4; IL-6; IL-8; IL-10; IL-12A; IL-17A; IL-22; and IL-33), purine-genes (52%/AdoR2A; AdoR2B; P2RY1; P2RY2; P2RY6; P2RX3; P2RX7; AMPD3; ENTPD2; ENTPD3; and NADSYN1), channels (40%/Panx1; CHRNA7; TRPV1; and TRPA1), vesicular transporters (SYT1, SYT2, SNAP25, and SYP), transcription factors (relA/relB, SOCS3, STAT3, GATA_3, and FOXP3), growth factors (IGFBP5 and GMCSF), antioxidant genes (SOD2 and HMOX1), and enzymes (NOS2; TPH2; and CASP3) (P < 0.0001). Treatment disrupted Ca signaling, ATP, and mechanical/flow-dependent Ca responses in human enteric glial cells. ATP release increased 5-fold and s100B decreased 33%. CONCLUSIONS The "rhEGC phenotype" is identified by a complex cascade of pro-inflammatory pathways leading to alterations of important molecular and functional signaling pathways (Ca, purinergic, and mechanosensory) that could disrupt GI motility. Inflammation induced a "purinergic switch" from ATP to adenosine diphosphate/adenosine/uridine triphosphate signaling. Findings have implications for GI infection, inflammatory bowel disease, postoperative ileus, motility, and GI disorders.
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Covarrubias R, Chepurko E, Reynolds A, Huttinger ZM, Huttinger R, Stanfill K, Wheeler DG, Novitskaya T, Robson SC, Dwyer KM, Cowan PJ, Gumina RJ. Role of the CD39/CD73 Purinergic Pathway in Modulating Arterial Thrombosis in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1809-20. [PMID: 27417582 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating blood cells and endothelial cells express ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). CD39 hydrolyzes extracellular ATP or ADP to AMP. CD73 hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine. The goal of this study was to examine the interplay between CD39 and CD73 cascade in arterial thrombosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To determine how CD73 activity influences in vivo thrombosis, the time to ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis was measured in CD73-null mice. In response to 5% FeCl3, but not to 10% FeCl3, there was a significant decrease in the time to thrombosis in CD73-null mice compared with wild-type mice. In mice overexpressing CD39, ablation of CD73 did not inhibit the prolongation in the time to thrombosis conveyed by CD39 overexpression. However, the CD73 inhibitor α-β-methylene-ADP nullified the prolongation in the time to thrombosis in human CD39 transgenic (hC39-Tg)/CD73-null mice. To determine whether hematopoietic-derived cells or endothelial cell CD39 activity regulates in vivo arterial thrombus, bone marrow transplant studies were conducted. FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis in chimeric mice revealed a significant prolongation in the time to thrombosis in hCD39-Tg reconstituted wild-type mice, but not on wild-type reconstituted hCD39-Tg mice. Monocyte depletion with clodronate-loaded liposomes normalized the time to thrombosis in hCD39-Tg mice compared with hCD39-Tg mice treated with control liposomes, demonstrating that increased CD39 expression on monocytes protects against thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that ablation of CD73 minimally effects in vivo thrombosis, but increased CD39 expression on hematopoietic-derived cells, especially monocytes, attenuates in vivo arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Covarrubias
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Elena Chepurko
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Adam Reynolds
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Zachary M Huttinger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Ryan Huttinger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Katherine Stanfill
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Debra G Wheeler
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Tatiana Novitskaya
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Simon C Robson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Peter J Cowan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.)
| | - Richard J Gumina
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.C., E.C., T.N., R.J.G.), Department of Pharmacology (R.J.G.), and Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology (R.J.G.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.R., Z.M.H., R.H., K.S., D.G.W.); Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.C.R.); School of Medicine, Deakin University (K.M.D., P.J.C.); Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital (K.M.D.); and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.M.D., P.J.C.).
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Diezmos EF, Bertrand PP, Liu L. Purinergic Signaling in Gut Inflammation: The Role of Connexins and Pannexins. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:311. [PMID: 27445679 PMCID: PMC4925662 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors play an important role in inflammation, and can be activated by ATP released via pannexin channels and/or connexin hemichannels. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is of interest since it is involved in apoptosis when activated. Most studies focus on the influence of pannexin-1 (Panx1) and connexin 43 (Cx43) on ATP release and how it affects P2X7R function during inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by uncontrolled inflammation within the gastrointestinal system. At present, the pathophysiology of this disease remains largely unknown but it may involve the interplay between P2X7R, Panx1, and Cx43. There are two main types of IBD, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, that are classified by their location and frequency of inflammation. Current research suggests that alterations to normal functioning of innate and adaptive immunity may be a factor in disease progression. The involvement of purinergic receptors, connexins, and pannexins in IBD is a relatively novel notion in the context of gastrointestinal inflammation, and has been explored by various research groups. Thus, the present review focuses on the current research involving connexins, pannexins, and purinergic receptors within the gut and enteric nervous system, and will examine their involvement in inflammation and the pathophysiology of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica F Diezmos
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul P Bertrand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, RMIT UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Tsai SH, Takeda K. Regulation of allergic inflammation by the ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) on basophils and mast cells. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:571-9. [PMID: 27130555 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is released from dying or damaged cells, as well as from activated cells. Once secreted, extracellular ATP induces several immune responses via P2X and P2Y receptors. Basophils and mast cells release ATP upon FcεRI-crosslinking, and ATP activates basophils and mast cells in an autocrine manner. Nucleotide-converting ectoenzymes, such as E-NTPD1, E-NTPD7, and E-NPP3, inhibit ATP-dependent immune responses by hydrolyzing ATP, thereby contributing to immune response regulation. E-NPP3 is a well-known activation marker for human basophils. E-NPP3's physiologic function has recently been disclosed in mice. E-NPP3 is rapidly induced on basophils and mast cells after FcεRI-crosslinking and hydrolyzes extracellular ATP on cell surfaces to prevent ATP-dependent excess activation of basophils and mast cells. In the absence of E-NPP3, basophils and mast cells are overactivated and mice suffer from severe chronic allergic inflammation. Thus, the ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzymes E-NPP3 has a nonnegligible role in the regulation of basophil- and mast cell-mediated allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Han Tsai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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145
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Timperi E, Pacella I, Schinzari V, Focaccetti C, Sacco L, Farelli F, Caronna R, Del Bene G, Longo F, Ciardi A, Morelli S, Vestri AR, Chirletti P, Barnaba V, Piconese S. Regulatory T cells with multiple suppressive and potentially pro-tumor activities accumulate in human colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1175800. [PMID: 27622025 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1175800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tregs can contribute to tumor progression by suppressing antitumor immunity. Exceptionally, in human colorectal cancer (CRC), Tregs are thought to exert beneficial roles in controlling pro-tumor chronic inflammation. The goal of our study was to characterize CRC-infiltrating Tregs at multiple levels, by phenotypical, molecular and functional evaluation of Tregs from the tumor site, compared to non-tumoral mucosa and peripheral blood of CRC patients. The frequency of Tregs was higher in mucosa than in blood, and further significantly increased in tumor. Ex vivo, those Tregs suppressed the proliferation of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. A differential compartmentalization was detected between Helios(high) and Helios(low) Treg subsets (thymus-derived versus peripherally induced): while Helios(low) Tregs were enriched in both sites, only Helios(high) Tregs accumulated significantly and specifically in tumors, displayed a highly demethylated TSDR region and contained high proportions of cells expressing CD39 and OX40, markers of activation and suppression. Besides the suppression of T cells, Tregs may contribute to CRC progression also through releasing IL-17, or differentiating into Tfr cells that potentially antagonize a protective Tfh response, events that were both detected in tumor-associated Tregs. Overall, our data indicate that Treg accumulation may contribute through multiple mechanisms to CRC establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Timperi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Schinzari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Sacco
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Farelli
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Caronna
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Del Bene
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Longo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Oncologiche e Anatomo-Patologiche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Vestri
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Chirletti
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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146
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Fang F, Yu M, Cavanagh MM, Hutter Saunders J, Qi Q, Ye Z, Le Saux S, Sultan W, Turgano E, Dekker CL, Tian L, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Expression of CD39 on Activated T Cells Impairs their Survival in Older Individuals. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1218-1231. [PMID: 26832412 PMCID: PMC4851554 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In an immune response, CD4+ T cells expand into effector T cells and then contract to survive as long-lived memory cells. To identify age-associated defects in memory cell formation, we profiled activated CD4+ T cells and found an increased induction of the ATPase CD39 with age. CD39+ CD4+ T cells resembled effector T cells with signs of metabolic stress and high susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of ATPase activity dampened effector cell differentiation and improved survival, suggesting that CD39 activity influences T cell fate. Individuals carrying a low-expressing CD39 variant responded better to vaccination with an increase in vaccine-specific memory T cells. Increased inducibility of CD39 after activation may contribute to the impaired vaccine response with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Fang
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mingcan Yu
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mary M Cavanagh
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jessica Hutter Saunders
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Qian Qi
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhongde Ye
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sabine Le Saux
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - William Sultan
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Emerson Turgano
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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147
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Pedros C, Duguet F, Saoudi A, Chabod M. Disrupted regulatory T cell homeostasis in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:974-995. [PMID: 26811641 PMCID: PMC4716049 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the gut, where billions of non-self-antigens from the food and the microbiota are present, the immune response must be tightly regulated to ensure both host protection against pathogenic microorganisms and the absence of immune-related pathologies. It has been well documented that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in this context. Indeed, Tregs are able to prevent excessive inflammation, which can lead to the rupture of intestinal homeostasis observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Both the worldwide incidence and prevalence of such diseases have increased throughout the latter part of the 20th century. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how Tregs suppress the colitogenic immune cells to establish new treatments for patients suffering from IBDs. In this review, we will first summarize the results obtained in animal model studies that highlight the importance of Tregs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and describe the specific suppressive mechanisms involved. Next, our current knowledge about Tregs contribution to human IBDs will be reviewed, as well as the current therapeutic perspective on using Tregs for clinical IBD treatment and the challenges that remain to be resolved to ensure both the safety and effectiveness of these therapies in targeting this critical immune-regulatory cell population.
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148
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Timperi E, Folgori L, Amodio D, De Luca M, Chiurchiù S, Piconese S, Di Cesare S, Pacella I, Martire C, Bonatti G, Perrone S, Boni T, Marcovecchio GE, Reale A, Parisi F, Dotta A, Barnaba V, Rossi P. Expansion of activated regulatory T cells inversely correlates with clinical severity in septic neonates. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1617-1620.e6. [PMID: 26792206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Timperi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Folgori
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Maia De Luca
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Chiurchiù
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Martire
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonatti
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Seila Perrone
- Department of Gynecological Obstetrics Sciences and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Terenzio Boni
- Department of Gynecological Obstetrics Sciences and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Genni Enza Marcovecchio
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Reale
- Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Parisi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Rossi
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy.
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149
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Extracellular ATP mediates inflammatory responses in colitis via P2 × 7 receptor signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19108. [PMID: 26739809 PMCID: PMC4703960 DOI: 10.1038/srep19108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular purinergic products, particularly ATP, have recently been implicated to regulate immune cell functions and contribute to aberrant inflammatory responses of immune diseases. However, regulation of immune responses of colitis by extracellular ATP and its main receptor, P2 × 7, remains to be elucidated. In the study, we induced murine colitis by feeding mice with 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and noted dramatically heightened extracellular ATP levels in colon tissues during the progression of experimental colitis. Blockade of ATP release by carbenoxolone (CBX) treatment, or promoting ATP degradation by ATP diphosphohydrolase (apyrase), decreased extracellular ATP levels in colon tissues, attenuated DSS-induced colitis, whereas inhibition of extracellular ATP degradation by sodium metatungstate (POM-1) exacerbated tissue damage in the mice with colitis. Moreover, treatment with inhibitor of P2 × 7 receptor, A438079, decreased NFκB activation and active caspase-1 expression in lamina propria immune cells, downregulated proinflammatory cytokine production in colon tissues, and attenuated murine colitis. Collectively, these data suggest extracellular ATP participates in regulation of inflammatory responses of experimental colitis, through P2 × 7 receptor and inflammasome and NFκB signaling, which provides potential alternatives to the current clinical approaches to suppress extracellular ATP-mediated immune responsiveness.
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150
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Lazar Z, Müllner N, Lucattelli M, Ayata CK, Cicko S, Yegutkin GG, De Cunto G, Müller T, Meyer A, Hossfeld M, Sorichter S, Horvath I, Virchow CJ, Robson SC, Lungarella G, Idzko M. NTPDase1/CD39 and aberrant purinergic signalling in the pathogenesis of COPD. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:254-63. [PMID: 26541524 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02144-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic receptor activation via extracellular ATP is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/CD39 hydrolyses extracellular ATP and modulates P2 receptor signalling.We aimed to investigate the expression and function of CD39 in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in patients and preclinical mouse models. CD39 expression and soluble ATPase activity were quantified in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells in nonsmokers, smokers and COPD patients or mice with cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. In mice, pulmonary ATP and cytokine concentrations, inflammation and emphysema were analysed in the presence or absence of CD39.Following acute cigarette smoke exposure CD39 was upregulated in BALF cells in smokers with further increases in COPD patients. Acute cigarette smoke exposure induced CD39 upregulation in murine lungs and BALF cells, and ATP degradation was accelerated in airway fluids. CD39 inhibition and deficiency led to augmented lung inflammation; treatment with ATPase during cigarette smoke exposure prevented emphysema.Pulmonary CD39 expression and activity are increased in COPD. CD39 deficiency leads to enhanced emphysema in mice, while external administration of a functional CD39 analogue partially rescues the phenotype. The compensatory upregulation of pulmonary CD39 might serve as a protective mechanism in cigarette smoke-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Lazar
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Dept of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary These authors contributed equally
| | - Nina Müllner
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany These authors contributed equally
| | - Monica Lucattelli
- Dept of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy These authors contributed equally
| | - Cemil Korcan Ayata
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany These authors contributed equally
| | - Sanja Cicko
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias Müller
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Meyer
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Hossfeld
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Sorichter
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Horvath
- Dept of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marco Idzko
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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