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Abstract
Emerging pathogenic viruses such as Ebola and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can cause acute infections through the evasion of the host's antiviral immune responses and by inducing the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. This immune dysregulation, termed a cytokine storm or hypercytokinemia, is potentially fatal and is a significant underlying factor in increased mortality of infected patients. The prevalence of global outbreaks in recent years has offered opportunities to study the progression of various viral infections and have provided an improved understanding of hypercytokinemia associated with these diseases. However, despite this increased knowledge and the study of the infections caused by a range of emerging viruses, the therapeutic options still remain limited. This review aims to explore alternative experimental strategies for treating hypercytokinemia induced by the Ebola, avian influenza and Dengue viruses; outlining their modes of action, summarizing their preclinical assessments and potential clinical applications.
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102
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Implications of oxidative stress on viral pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2016; 162:907-917. [PMID: 28039563 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species are frequently formed after viral infections. Antioxidant defences, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic components, protect against reactive species, but sometimes these defences are not completely adequate. An imbalance in the production of reactive species and the body's inability to detoxify these reactive species is referred to as oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to analyse the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of viral infections and highlight some major therapeutic approaches that have gained importance, with regards to controlling virus-induced oxidative injury. Attention will be focused on DNA viruses (papillomaviruses, hepadnaviruses), RNA viruses (flaviviruses, orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, togaviruses) and retroviruses (human immunodeficiency virus). In general, viruses cause an imbalance in the cellular redox environment, which depending on the virus and the cell can result in different responses, e.g. cell signaling, antioxidant defences, reactive species, and other processes. Therefore, the modulation of reactive species production and oxidative stress potentially represents a novel pharmacological approach for reducing the consequences of viral pathogenesis.
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103
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Tavares LP, Teixeira MM, Garcia CC. The inflammatory response triggered by Influenza virus: a two edged sword. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:283-302. [PMID: 27744631 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a relevant respiratory tract pathogen leading to a great number of deaths and hospitalizations worldwide. Secondary bacterial infections are a very common cause of IAV associated morbidity and mortality. The robust inflammatory response that follows infection is important for the control of virus proliferation but is also associated with lung damage, morbidity and death. The role of the different components of immune response underlying protection or disease during IAV infection is not completely elucidated. Overall, in the context of IAV infection, inflammation is a 'double edge sword' necessary to control infection but causing disease. Therefore, a growing number of studies suggest that immunomodulatory strategies may improve disease outcome without affecting the ability of the host to deal with infection. This review summarizes recent aspects of the inflammatory responses triggered by IAV that are preferentially involved in causing severe pulmonary disease and the anti-inflammatory strategies that have been suggested to treat influenza induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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104
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Custódio R, McLean CJ, Scott AE, Lowther J, Kennedy A, Clarke DJ, Campopiano DJ, Sarkar-Tyson M, Brown AR. Characterization of secreted sphingosine-1-phosphate lyases required for virulence and intracellular survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:1004-1019. [PMID: 27632710 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, plays a critical role in the orchestration of immune responses. S1P levels within the mammalian host are tightly regulated, in part through the activity of S1P lyase (S1PL) which catalyses its irreversible degradation. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of secreted S1PL orthologues encoded by the facultative intracellular bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis. These bacterial orthologues exhibited S1PL enzymatic activity, functionally complemented an S1PL-deficient yeast strain and conferred resistance to the antimicrobial sphingolipid D-erythro-sphingosine. We report that secretion of these bacterial S1PLs is pH-dependent, and is observed during intracellular infection. S1PL-deficient mutants displayed impaired intracellular replication in murine macrophages (associated with an inability to evade the maturing phagosome) and were significantly attenuated in murine and larval infection models. Furthermore, treatment of Burkholderia-infected macrophages with either S1P or a selective agonist of S1P receptor 1 enhanced bacterial colocalisation with LAMP-1 and reduced their intracellular survival. In summary, our studies confirm bacterial-encoded S1PL as a critical virulence determinant of B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis, further highlighting the pivotal role of S1P in host-pathogen interactions. In addition, our data suggest that S1P pathway modulators have potential for the treatment of intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Custódio
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - Andrew E Scott
- Microbiology, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Microbiology, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, UK.,Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alan R Brown
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
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105
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14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and protects mice lethally challenged with highly pathogenic A(H5N1) influenza viruses. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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106
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Yamamoto K, Yamamoto S, Ogasawara N, Takano K, Shiraishi T, Sato T, Miyata R, Kakuki T, Kamekura R, Kojima T, Tsutsumi H, Himi T, Yokota SI. Clarithromycin prevents human respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway epithelial responses by modulating activation of interferon regulatory factor-3. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:804-814. [PMID: 27468646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics exert immunomodulatory activity by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production by airway epithelial cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of clarithromycin (CAM) on pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interferons (IFNs), by primary human nasal epithelial cells and lung epithelial cell lines (A549 and BEAS-2B cells) after stimulation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) agonists and after infection by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). CAM treatment led to a significant reduction in poly I:C- and RSV-mediated IL-8, CCL5, IFN-β and -λ production. Furthermore, IFN-β promoter activity (activated by poly I:C and RSV infection) was significantly reduced after treatment with CAM. CAM also inhibited IRF-3 dimerization and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. We conclude that CAM acts a crucial modulator of the innate immune response, particularly IFN production, by modulating IRF-3 dimerization and subsequent translocation to the nucleus of airway epithelial cells. This newly identified immunomodulatory action of CAM will facilitate the discovery of new macrolides with an anti-inflammatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soh Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Ogasawara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shiraishi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kakuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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107
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Liepkalns JS, Pandey A, Hofstetter AR, Kumar A, Jones EN, Cao W, Liu F, Levine MZ, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Rapamycin Does Not Impede Survival or Induction of Antibody Responses to Primary and Heterosubtypic Influenza Infections in Mice. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:487-493. [PMID: 27447349 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of immune defenses can contribute to severe influenza infections. Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug often used to prevent transplant rejection and is currently undergoing clinical trials for treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether rapamycin has deleterious effects during lethal influenza viral infections. We treated mice with two concentrations of rapamycin and infected them with A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR8), followed by a heterosubtypic A/Hong Kong/1/68 (A/HK68) challenge. Our data show similar morbidity, mortality, and lung viral titer with both rapamycin treatment doses compared to untreated controls, with a delay in morbidity onset in rapamycin high dose recipients during primary infection. Rapamycin treatment at high dose also led to increase in percent cytokine producing T cells in the spleen. However, all infected animals had similar serum antibody responses against A/PR8. Post-A/HK68 challenge, rapamycin had no impeding effect on morbidity or mortality and had similar serum antibody levels against A/PR8 and A/HK68. We conclude that rapamycin treatment does not adversely affect morbidity, mortality, or antibody production during lethal influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine S Liepkalns
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aseem Pandey
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amelia R Hofstetter
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .,2 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amrita Kumar
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Enitra N Jones
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Weiping Cao
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Feng Liu
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min Z Levine
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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108
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Zhu L, Yuan C, Ding X, Xu S, Yang J, Liang Y, Zhu Q. PLC-γ1 is involved in the inflammatory response induced by influenza A virus H1N1 infection. Virology 2016; 496:131-137. [PMID: 27310357 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase γ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling is activated by influenza virus H1N1 infection and mediates efficient viral entry in human epithelial cells. In this study, we show that H1N1 also activates PLCγ-1 signaling in human promonocytic cell line -derived macrophages. Surprisingly, the activated PLCγ-1 signaling is not important for viral replication in macrophages, but is involved in the virus-induced inflammatory responses. PLC-γ1-specific inhibitor U73122 strongly inhibits the H1N1 virus-induced NF-κB signaling, blocking the up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α, and reactive oxidative species. In a positive feedback loop, IL-1β and TNF-α activate the PLCγ-1 signaling in both epithelial and macrophage cell lines. In summary, we have shown for the first time that the PLCγ-1 signaling plays an important role in the H1N1-induced inflammatory responses. Our study suggests that targeting the PLCγ-1 signaling is a potential antiviral therapy against H1N1 by inhibiting both viral replication and excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiuyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Jiayun Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
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109
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A North American H7N3 Influenza Virus Supports Reassortment with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 and Induces Disease in Mice without Prior Adaptation. J Virol 2016; 90:4796-4806. [PMID: 26937034 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02761-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reassortment between H5 or H9 subtype avian and mammalian influenza A viruses (IAV) can generate a novel virus that causes disease and transmits between mammals. Such information is currently not available for H7 subtype viruses. We evaluated the ability of a low-pathogenicity North American avian H7N3 virus (A/shorebird/Delaware/22/2006) to reassort with mammalian or avian viruses using a plasmid-based competition assay. In addition to genome segments derived from an avian H7N9 virus, the H7N3 virus reassorted efficiently with the PB2, NA, and M segments from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (PH1N1) virus.In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the H7N3:PH1N1 (7 + 1) reassortant viruses revealed that the PB2, NA, or M segments from PH1N1 largely do not attenuate the H7N3 virus, whereas the PB1, PA, NP, or NS genome segments from PH1N1 do. Additionally, we assessed the functionality of the H7N3:PH1N1 7 + 1 reassortant viruses by measuring the inflammatory response in vivo We found that infection with wild-type H7N3 resulted in increased inflammatory cytokine production relative to that seen with the PH1N1 strain and that the increase was further exacerbated by substitution of PH1N1 PB2 but not NA or M. Finally, we assessed if any adaptations occurred in the individually substituted segments after in vivo inoculation and found no mutations, suggesting that PH1N1 PB2, NA, and M are genetically stable in the background of this H7N3 virus. Taking the data together, we demonstrate that a North American avian H7N3 IAV is genetically and functionally compatible with multiple gene segments from the 2009 pandemic influenza virus strain without prior adaptation. IMPORTANCE The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus continues to circulate and reassort with other influenza viruses, creating novel viruses with increased replication and transmission potential in humans. Previous studies have found that this virus can also reassort with H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. We now show that several genome segments of the 2009 H1N1 virus are also highly compatible with a low-pathogenicity avian H7N3 virus and that these reassortant viruses are stable and not attenuated in an animal model. These results highlight the potential for reassortment of H1N1 viruses with avian influenza virus and emphasize the need for continued surveillance of influenza viruses in areas of cocirculation between avian, human, and swine viruses.
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110
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Hofstetter AR, De La Cruz JA, Cao W, Patel J, Belser JA, McCoy J, Liepkalns JS, Amoah S, Cheng G, Ranjan P, Diebold BA, Shieh WJ, Zaki S, Katz JM, Sambhara S, Lambeth JD, Gangappa S. NADPH Oxidase 1 Is Associated with Altered Host Survival and T Cell Phenotypes after Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149864. [PMID: 26910342 PMCID: PMC4766197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the reactive oxygen species-producing NADPH oxidase family of enzymes in the pathology of influenza A virus infection remains enigmatic. Previous reports implicated NADPH oxidase 2 in influenza A virus-induced inflammation. In contrast, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) was reported to decrease inflammation in mice within 7 days post-influenza A virus infection. However, the effect of NADPH oxidase 1 on lethality and adaptive immunity after influenza A virus challenge has not been explored. Here we report improved survival and decreased morbidity in mice with catalytically inactive NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1*/Y) compared with controls after challenge with A/PR/8/34 influenza A virus. While changes in lung inflammation were not obvious between Nox1*/Y and control mice, we observed alterations in the T cell response to influenza A virus by day 15 post-infection, including increased interleukin-7 receptor-expressing virus-specific CD8+ T cells in lungs and draining lymph nodes of Nox1*/Y, and increased cytokine-producing T cells in lungs and spleen. Furthermore, a greater percentage of conventional and interstitial dendritic cells from Nox1*/Y draining lymph nodes expressed the co-stimulatory ligand CD40 within 6 days post-infection. Results indicate that NADPH oxidase 1 modulates the innate and adaptive cellular immune response to influenza virus infection, while also playing a role in host survival. Results suggest that NADPH oxidase 1 inhibitors may be beneficial as adjunct therapeutics during acute influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Hofstetter
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Juan A De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jenish Patel
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James McCoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justine S Liepkalns
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Becky A Diebold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sherif Zaki
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J David Lambeth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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111
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McKimm-Breschkin JL, Fry AM. Meeting report: 4th ISIRV antiviral group conference: Novel antiviral therapies for influenza and other respiratory viruses. Antiviral Res 2016; 129:21-38. [PMID: 26872862 PMCID: PMC7132401 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases (isirv) held its 4th Antiviral Group Conference at the University of Texas on 2–4 June, 2015. With emerging resistance to the drugs currently licensed for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza viruses, primarily the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and the M2 inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine, and the lack of effective interventions against other respiratory viruses, the 3-day programme focused on the discovery and development of inhibitors of several virus targets and key host cell factors involved in virus replication or mediating the inflammatory response. Virus targets included the influenza haemagglutinin, neuraminidase and M2 proteins, and both the respiratory syncytial virus and influenza polymerases and nucleoproteins. Therapies for rhinoviruses and MERS and SARS coronaviruses were also discussed. With the emerging development of monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics, the potential implications of antibody-dependent enhancement of disease were also addressed. Topics covered all aspects from structural and molecular biology to preclinical and clinical studies. The importance of suitable clinical trial endpoints and regulatory issues were also discussed from the perspectives of both industry and government. This meeting summary provides an overview, not only for the conference participants, but also for those interested in the current status of antivirals for respiratory viruses. The International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses held an Antiviral Group conference in June, 2015. This report covers oral presentations, including therapies against influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. Therapies for rhinovirus, MERS and SARS coronavirus infections were also topics at the conference. Some speakers focused on monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics and antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. The importance of suitable clinical trial endpoints and regulatory issues were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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112
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Oldstone MBA. The Anatomy of a Career in Science. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:109-17. [PMID: 26836569 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B A Oldstone
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
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113
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Teijaro JR. Type I interferons in viral control and immune regulation. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 16:31-40. [PMID: 26812607 PMCID: PMC4821698 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 interferons (IFN-I) exert pleiotropic biological effects during viral infections, all which contribute to balancing virus control and immune pathology. Despite extensive antiviral functions that subdue virus replication, recent studies demonstrate pathogenic and pro-viral roles for IFN-I signaling during acute and persistent virus infection. IFN-I signaling can promote morbidity and mortality through induction of aberrant inflammatory responses during acute viral infection. In contrast, IFN-I signaling during persistent viral infection supports immune suppression, lymphoid tissue disorganization and CD4 T cell dysfunction. Systematic characterization of the cellular populations and intricacies of IFN-I signaling that promote pathology or immune suppression during acute and persistent viral infections, respectively, should inform the development of treatments and modalities to control viral associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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114
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Koday MT, Nelson J, Chevalier A, Koday M, Kalinoski H, Stewart L, Carter L, Nieusma T, Lee PS, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Dagley A, Smee DF, Baker D, Fuller DH. A Computationally Designed Hemagglutinin Stem-Binding Protein Provides In Vivo Protection from Influenza Independent of a Host Immune Response. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005409. [PMID: 26845438 PMCID: PMC4742065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting a highly conserved region in the hemagglutinin (HA) stem protect against influenza infection. Here, we investigate the protective efficacy of a protein (HB36.6) computationally designed to bind with high affinity to the same region in the HA stem. We show that intranasal delivery of HB36.6 affords protection in mice lethally challenged with diverse strains of influenza independent of Fc-mediated effector functions or a host antiviral immune response. This designed protein prevents infection when given as a single dose of 6.0 mg/kg up to 48 hours before viral challenge and significantly reduces disease when administered as a daily therapeutic after challenge. A single dose of 10.0 mg/kg HB36.6 administered 1-day post-challenge resulted in substantially better protection than 10 doses of oseltamivir administered twice daily for 5 days. Thus, binding of HB36.6 to the influenza HA stem region alone, independent of a host response, is sufficient to reduce viral infection and replication in vivo. These studies demonstrate the potential of computationally designed binding proteins as a new class of antivirals for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merika Treants Koday
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jorgen Nelson
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aaron Chevalier
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Koday
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hannah Kalinoski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lance Stewart
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lauren Carter
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Travis Nieusma
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ashley Dagley
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Donald F. Smee
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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115
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S1PR1-mediated IFNAR1 degradation modulates plasmacytoid dendritic cell interferon-α autoamplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1351-6. [PMID: 26787880 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525356113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blunting immunopathology without abolishing host defense is the foundation for safe and effective modulation of infectious and autoimmune diseases. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonists are effective in treating infectious and multiple autoimmune pathologies; however, mechanisms underlying their clinical efficacy are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we uncover an unexpected mechanism of convergence between S1PR1 and interferon alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1) signaling pathways. Activation of S1PR1 signaling by pharmacological tools or endogenous ligand sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) inhibits type 1 IFN responses that exacerbate numerous pathogenic conditions. Mechanistically, S1PR1 selectively suppresses the type I IFN autoamplification loop in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a specialized DC subset, for robust type I IFN release. S1PR1 agonist suppression is pertussis toxin-resistant, but inhibited by an S1PR1 C-terminal-derived transactivating transcriptional activator (Tat)-fusion peptide that blocks receptor internalization. S1PR1 agonist treatment accelerates turnover of IFNAR1, suppresses signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation, and down-modulates total STAT1 levels, thereby inactivating the autoamplification loop. Inhibition of S1P-S1PR1 signaling in vivo using the selective antagonist Ex26 significantly elevates IFN-α production in response to CpG-A. Thus, multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that S1PR1 signaling sets the sensitivity of pDC amplification of IFN responses, thereby blunting pathogenic immune responses. These data illustrate a lipid G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-IFNAR1 regulatory loop that balances effective and detrimental immune responses and elevated endogenous S1PR1 signaling. This mechanism will likely be advantageous in individuals subject to a range of inflammatory conditions.
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Abstract
Since Isaac's and Lindenmann's seminal experiments over 50 years ago demonstrating a soluble factor generated from heat killed virus-stimulated chicken embryos could inhibit live influenza virus replication, the term interferon has been synonymous with inhibition of virus replication. While the antiviral properties of type 1 interferon (IFN-I) are undeniable, recent studies have reported expanding and somewhat unexpected roles of IFN-I signaling during both acute and persistent viral infections. IFN-I signaling can promote morbidity and mortality through induction of aberrant inflammatory responses and recruitment of inflammatory innate immune cell populations during acute respiratory viral infections. During persistent viral infection, IFN-I signaling promotes containment of early viral replication/dissemination, however, also initiates and maintains immune suppression, lymphoid tissue disorganization, and CD4 T cell dysfunction through modulation of multiple immune cell populations. Finally, new data are emerging illuminating how specific IFN-I species regulate immune pathology and suppression during acute and persistent viral infections, respectively. Systematic characterization of the cellular populations that produce IFN-I, how the timing of IFN-I induction and intricacies of subtype specific IFN-I signaling promote pathology or immune suppression during acute and persistent viral infections should inform the development of treatments and modalities to control viral associated pathologies.
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117
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H1N1 influenza virus induces narcolepsy-like sleep disruption and targets sleep-wake regulatory neurons in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:E368-77. [PMID: 26668381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521463112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased incidence in the sleep-disorder narcolepsy has been associated with the 2009-2010 pandemic of H1N1 influenza virus in China and with mass vaccination campaigns against influenza during the pandemic in Finland and Sweden. Pathogenetic mechanisms of narcolepsy have so far mainly focused on autoimmunity. We here tested an alternative working hypothesis involving a direct role of influenza virus infection in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy in susceptible subjects. We show that infection with H1N1 influenza virus in mice that lack B and T cells (Recombinant activating gene 1-deficient mice) can lead to narcoleptic-like sleep-wake fragmentation and sleep structure alterations. Interestingly, the infection targeted brainstem and hypothalamic neurons, including orexin/hypocretin-producing neurons that regulate sleep-wake stability and are affected in narcolepsy. Because changes occurred in the absence of adaptive autoimmune responses, the findings show that brain infections with H1N1 virus have the potential to cause per se narcoleptic-like sleep disruption.
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118
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Clarke JN, Davies LK, Calvert JK, Gliddon BL, Shujari WHA, Aloia AL, Helbig KJ, Beard MR, Pitson SM, Carr JM. Reduction in sphingosine kinase 1 influences the susceptibility to dengue virus infection by altering antiviral responses. J Gen Virol 2015; 97:95-109. [PMID: 26541871 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SK) 1 is a host kinase that enhances some viral infections. Here we investigated the ability of SK1 to modulate dengue virus (DENV) infection in vitro. Overexpression of SK1 did not alter DENV infection; however, targeting SK1 through chemical inhibition resulted in reduced DENV RNA and infectious virus release. DENV infection of SK1⁻/ ⁻ murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) resulted in inhibition of infection in an immortalized line (iMEF) but enhanced infection in primary MEFs (1°MEFs). Global cellular gene expression profiles showed expected innate immune mRNA changes in DENV-infected WT but no induction of these responses in SK1⁻/⁻ iMEFs. Reverse transciption PCR demonstrated a low-level induction of IFN-β and poor induction of mRNA for the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) viperin, IFIT1 and CXCL10 in DENV-infected SK1⁻/⁻ compared with WT iMEFs. Similarly, reduced induction of ISGs was observed in SK1⁻/⁻ 1°MEFs, even in the face of high-level DENV replication. In both iMEFs and 1°MEFs, DENV infection induced production of IFN-β protein. Additionally, higher basal levels of antiviral factors (IRF7, CXCL10 and OAS1) were observed in uninfected SK1⁻/⁻ iMEFs but not 1°MEFs. This suggests that, in this single iMEF line, lack of SK1 upregulates the basal levels of factors that may protect cells against DENV infection. More importantly, regardless of the levels of DENV replication, all cells that lacked SK1 produced IFN-β but were refractory to induction of ISGs such as viperin, IFIT1 and CXCL10. Based on these findings, we propose new roles for SK1 in affecting innate responses that regulate susceptibility to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Clarke
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Lorena K Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Julie K Calvert
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Briony L Gliddon
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Wisam H Al Shujari
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Amanda L Aloia
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Jillian M Carr
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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119
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Scanlon KM, Skerry C, Carbonetti NH. Novel therapies for the treatment of pertussis disease. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv074. [PMID: 26394802 PMCID: PMC4626598 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough, or pertussis, incidence has reached levels not seen since the 1950s. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics fail to improve the course of disease unless diagnosed early. Early diagnosis is complicated by the non-diagnostic presentation of disease early in infection. This review focuses on previous attempts at developing novel host-directed therapies for the treatment of pertussis. In addition, two novel approaches from our group are discussed. Manipulation of the signaling pathway of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a lipid involved in many immune processes, has shown great promise, but is in its infancy. Pendrin, a host epithelial anion exchanger upregulated in the airways with B. pertussis infection, appears to drive mucus production and dysregulation of airway surface liquid pH and salinity. In addition to detailing these potential new therapeutic targets, the need for greater focus on the neonatal model of disease is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Scanlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ciaran Skerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nicholas H Carbonetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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120
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Li Y, Xie P, Sun M, Xiang B, Kang Y, Gao P, Zhu W, Ning Z, Ren T. S1PR1 expression correlates with inflammatory responses to Newcastle disease virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 37:37-42. [PMID: 26597451 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causative agent of Newcastle disease, which is characterized by inflammatory pathological changes in the organs of chickens. The inflammatory response to this disease has not been well characterized. Previous reports showed that the sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 receptor (S1PR1), a G protein-coupled receptor, is important to the activation of inflammatory responses. To understand better the viral pathogenesis and host inflammatory response, we analyzed S1PR1 expression during NDV infection. We observed a direct correlation between chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cellular inflammatory responses and S1PR1 expression. Virulent NDV-infected CEF cells also had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18). When S1PR1 was inhibited by using the specific antagonist W146, pro-inflammatory cytokine production declined. Overexpression of S1PR1 resulted in increased virus-induced IL-1β production. S1PR1 expression levels did not impact significantly NDV replication. These findings highlight the important role of S1PR1 in inflammatory responses in NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Li
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Xie
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Minhua Sun
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinfeng Kang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei Gao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Zhu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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121
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Gibson CC, Davis CT, Zhu W, Bowman-Kirigin JA, Walker AE, Tai Z, Thomas KR, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA, Li DY. Dietary Vitamin D and Its Metabolites Non-Genomically Stabilize the Endothelium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140370. [PMID: 26469335 PMCID: PMC4607301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a known modulator of inflammation. Native dietary vitamin D3 is thought to be bio-inactive, and beneficial vitamin D3 effects are thought to be largely mediated by the metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3. Reduced serum levels of the most commonly measured precursor metabolite, 25(OH)D3, is linked to an increased risk of multiple inflammatory diseases, including: cardiovascular disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and sepsis. Common to all of these diseases is the disruption of endothelial stability and an enhancement of vascular leak. We previously performed an unbiased chemical suppressor screen on a genetic model of vascular instability, and identified cholecalciferol (D3, dietary Vitamin D3) as a factor that had profound and immediate stabilizing and therapeutic effects in that model. In this manuscript we show that the presumed inactive sterol, D3, is actually a potent and general mediator of endothelial stability at physiologically relevant concentrations. We further demonstrate that this phenomenon is apparent in vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, and that the effects are independent of the canonical transcription-mediated vitamin D pathway. Our data suggests the presence of an alternative signaling modality by which D3 acts directly on endothelial cells to prevent vascular leak. The finding that D3 and its metabolites modulate endothelial stability may help explain the clinical correlations between low serum vitamin D levels and the many human diseases with well-described vascular dysfunction phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Gibson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
| | - Chadwick T. Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Bowman-Kirigin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Ashley E. Walker
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Kirk R. Thomas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
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122
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Gregory DJ, Kobzik L. Influenza lung injury: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1041-6. [PMID: 26408556 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00283.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Perspectives, we discuss some recent developments in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury following influenza infection, with an emphasis on promising therapeutic leads. Damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier has been quantified in mice, and agents have been identified that can help to preserve barrier integrity, such as vasculotide, angiopoietin-like 4 neutralization, and sphingosine 1-phosphate mimics. Results from studies using mesenchymal stem cells have been disappointing, despite promising data in other types of lung injury. The roles of fatty acid binding protein 5, prostaglandin E2, and the interplay between IFN-γ and STAT1 in epithelial signaling during infection have been addressed in vitro. Finally, we discuss the role of autophagy in inflammatory cytokine production and the viral life cycle and the opportunities this presents for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gregory
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
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123
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Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y. Influenza virus-host interactomes as a basis for antiviral drug development. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 14:71-8. [PMID: 26364134 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, antiviral drugs that target specific viral protein functions are available for the treatment of influenza; however, concern regarding the emergence of drug-resistant viruses is warranted, as is the urgent need for new antiviral targets, including non-viral targets, such as host cellular factors. Viruses rely on host cellular functions to replicate, and therefore a thorough understanding of the roles of virus-host interactions during influenza virus replication is essential to develop novel anti-influenza drugs that target the host factors involved in virus replication. Here, we review recent studies that used several approaches to identify host factors involved in influenza virus replication. These studies have permitted the construction of an interactome map of virus-host interactions in the influenza virus life cycle, clarifying the entire life cycle of this virus and accelerating the development of new antiviral drugs with a low propensity for the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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124
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Li N, Parrish M, Chan TK, Yin L, Rai P, Yoshiyuki Y, Abolhassani N, Tan KB, Kiraly O, Chow VTK, Engelward BP. Influenza infection induces host DNA damage and dynamic DNA damage responses during tissue regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2973-88. [PMID: 25809161 PMCID: PMC4802977 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses account for significant morbidity worldwide. Inflammatory responses, including excessive generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), mediate lung injury in severe influenza infections. However, the molecular basis of inflammation-induced lung damage is not fully understood. Here, we studied influenza H1N1 infected cells in vitro, as well as H1N1 infected mice, and we monitored molecular and cellular responses over the course of 2 weeks in vivo. We show that influenza induces DNA damage to both, when cells are directly exposed to virus in vitro (measured using the comet assay) and also when cells are exposed to virus in vivo (estimated via γH2AX foci). We show that DNA damage, as well as responses to DNA damage persist in vivo until long after virus has been cleared, at times when there are inflammation associated RONS (measured by xanthine oxidase activity and oxidative products). The frequency of lung epithelial and immune cells with increased γH2AX foci is elevated in vivo, especially for dividing cells (Ki-67-positive) exposed to oxidative stress during tissue regeneration. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in apoptotic cells as well as increased levels of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair proteins Ku70, Ku86 and Rad51 during the regenerative phase. In conclusion, results show that influenza induces DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo, and that DNA damage responses are activated, raising the possibility that DNA repair capacity may be a determining factor for tissue recovery and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Marcus Parrish
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Tze Khee Chan
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Clinical Research Center, MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Level 5, #05-09, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Lu Yin
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Prashant Rai
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Yamada Yoshiyuki
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Nona Abolhassani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Kong Bing Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
| | - Orsolya Kiraly
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Vincent T. K. Chow
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Bevin P. Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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125
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Addressing Therapeutic Options for Ebola Virus Infection in Current and Future Outbreaks. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5892-902. [PMID: 26248374 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01105-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus can cause severe hemorrhagic disease with high fatality rates. Currently, no specific therapeutic agent or vaccine has been approved for treatment and prevention of Ebola virus infection of humans. Although the number of Ebola cases has fallen in the last few weeks, multiple outbreaks of Ebola virus infection and the likelihood of future exposure highlight the need for development and rapid evaluation of pre- and postexposure treatments. Here, we briefly review the existing and future options for anti-Ebola therapy, based on the data coming from rare clinical reports, studies on animals, and results from in vitro models. We also project the mechanistic hypotheses of several potential drugs against Ebola virus, including small-molecule-based drugs, which are under development and being tested in animal models or in vitro using various cell types. Our paper discusses strategies toward identifying and testing anti-Ebola virus properties of known and medically approved drugs, especially those that can limit the pathological inflammatory response in Ebola patients and thereby provide protection from mortality. We underline the importance of developing combinational therapy for better treatment outcomes for Ebola patients.
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The Flavonoid Isoliquiritigenin Reduces Lung Inflammation and Mouse Morbidity during Influenza Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6317-27. [PMID: 26248373 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01098-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The host response to influenza virus infection is characterized by an acute lung inflammatory response in which intense inflammatory cell recruitment, hypercytokinemia, and a high level of oxidative stress are present. The sum of these events contributes to the virus-induced lung damage that leads to high a level of morbidity and mortality in susceptible infected patients. In this context, we identified compounds that can simultaneously reduce the excessive inflammatory response and the viral replication as a strategy to treat influenza virus infection. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential activities of isoliquiritigenin (ILG). Interestingly, we demonstrated that ILG is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication in human bronchial epithelial cells (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 24.7 μM). In addition, our results showed that this molecule inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced after the infection of cells with influenza virus. We demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of ILG in the context of influenza virus infection is dependent on the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway. Interestingly, ILG phosphate (ILG-p)-treated mice displayed decreased lung inflammation as depicted by reduced cytokine gene expression and inflammatory cell recruitment. We also demonstrated that influenza virus-specific CD8(+) effector T cell recruitment was reduced up to 60% in the lungs of mice treated with ILG-p (10 mg/kg) compared to that in saline-treated mice. Finally, we showed that administration of ILG-p reduced lung viral titers and morbidity of mice infected with the PR8/H1N1 virus.
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Ramos I, Fernandez-Sesma A. Modulating the Innate Immune Response to Influenza A Virus: Potential Therapeutic Use of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Front Immunol 2015; 6:361. [PMID: 26257731 PMCID: PMC4507467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by influenza A viruses (IAV) is frequently characterized by robust inflammation that is usually more pronounced in the case of avian influenza. It is becoming clearer that the morbidity and pathogenesis caused by IAV are consequences of this inflammatory response, with several components of the innate immune system acting as the main players. It has been postulated that using a therapeutic approach to limit the innate immune response in combination with antiviral drugs has the potential to diminish symptoms and tissue damage caused by IAV infection. Indeed, some anti-inflammatory agents have been shown to be effective in animal models in reducing IAV pathology as a proof of principle. The main challenge in developing such therapies is to selectively modulate signaling pathways that contribute to lung injury while maintaining the ability of the host cells to mount an antiviral response to control virus replication. However, the dissection of those pathways is very complex given the numerous components regulated by the same factors (i.e., NF kappa B transcription factors) and the large number of players involved in this regulation, some of which may be undescribed or unknown. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding the innate immune responses associated with tissue damage by IAV infection, the understanding of which is essential for the development of effective immunomodulatory drugs. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances on the development and evaluation of such drugs as well as the lessons learned from those studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
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Lê VB, Schneider JG, Boergeling Y, Berri F, Ducatez M, Guerin JL, Adrian I, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Frasquilho S, Antunes L, Lina B, Bordet JC, Jandrot-Perrus M, Ludwig S, Riteau B. Platelet activation and aggregation promote lung inflammation and influenza virus pathogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:804-19. [PMID: 25664391 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1031oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The hallmark of severe influenza virus infection is excessive inflammation of the lungs. Platelets are activated during influenza, but their role in influenza virus pathogenesis and inflammatory responses is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of platelets during influenza A virus infections and propose new therapeutics against influenza. METHODS We used targeted gene deletion approaches and pharmacologic interventions to investigate the role of platelets during influenza virus infection in mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Lungs of infected mice were massively infiltrated by aggregates of activated platelets. Platelet activation promoted influenza A virus pathogenesis. Activating protease-activated receptor 4, a platelet receptor for thrombin that is crucial for platelet activation, exacerbated influenza-induced acute lung injury and death. In contrast, deficiency in the major platelet receptor glycoprotein IIIa protected mice from death caused by influenza viruses, and treating the mice with a specific glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist, eptifibatide, had the same effect. Interestingly, mice treated with other antiplatelet compounds (antagonists of protease-activated receptor 4, MRS 2179, and clopidogrel) were also protected from severe lung injury and lethal infections induced by several influenza strains. CONCLUSIONS The intricate relationship between hemostasis and inflammation has major consequences in influenza virus pathogenesis, and antiplatelet drugs might be explored to develop new antiinflammatory treatment against influenza virus infections.
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Huang MT, Chen ST, Wu HY, Chen YJ, Chou TY, Hsieh SL. DcR3 suppresses influenza virus-induced macrophage activation and attenuates pulmonary inflammation and lethality. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1131-43. [PMID: 25940317 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) infects macrophages and stimulates innate immunity receptors and sensors to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are responsible for IAV-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), and is able to skew macrophage differentiation into an M2 phenotype. We demonstrated that DcR3 attenuated IAV-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine from macrophages, and mitigated pulmonary infiltration and reduce lethality. Proteome-wide phosphoproteomic mapping revealed that DcR3 not only activated STK10, a negative regulator of cell migration, but also inactivated PKC-α, which are crucial for the activation of ERK and JNK in human macrophages. Furthermore, less pulmonary infiltration with lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were observed in DcR3-transgenic mice. Moreover, recombinant DcR3.Fc and heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding domain of DcR3.Fc (HBD.Fc) fusion proteins attenuated weight loss and protected mice from IAV-induced lethality. Thus, DcR3-mediated protection is not only via suppression of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, but also via activation of STK10 to inhibit cell infiltration. DcR3 fusion proteins may become therapeutic agents to protect host from IAV-induced lethality in the future. KEY MESSAGE • DcR3 suppresses IAV-induced cytokine secretion.• DcR3 inhibits IAV-induced JNK and ERK activation in human macrophages.• DcR3 downregulates TLR3 and 7 expressions in human macrophages.• DcR3 protects mice from IAV-induced lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ting Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ting Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this review is to selectively identify some representative experimental antiviral drugs which are promising in preclinical and clinical studies, but yet to be fully licensed, and discuss how they have a potential role in complementing our existing arsenal of antiviral drugs to combat pandemic influenza. This review will focus on discussing their mechanisms of actions, current state of development, safety, efficacy from preclinical and/or clinical studies. These experimental drugs can be classified into virus or host specific, depending on the individual drug's targeting action. This article will highlight novel anti-inflammatory drugs which can be used to mitigate cytokine storm caused by pandemic influenza viruses as a treatment option or strategy.
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Deciphering deterioration mechanisms of complex diseases based on the construction of dynamic networks and systems analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9283. [PMID: 25788156 PMCID: PMC4365388 DOI: 10.1038/srep09283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis and investigation of the pathogenic mechanisms of complex diseases are the most challenging problems in the fields of biology and medicine. Network-based systems biology is an important technique for the study of complex diseases. The present study constructed dynamic protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify dynamical network biomarkers (DNBs) and analyze the underlying mechanisms of complex diseases from a systems level. We developed a model-based framework for the construction of a series of time-sequenced networks by integrating high-throughput gene expression data into PPI data. By combining the dynamic networks and molecular modules, we identified significant DNBs for four complex diseases, including influenza caused by either H3N2 or H1N1, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can serve as warning signals for disease deterioration. Function and pathway analyses revealed that the identified DNBs were significantly enriched during key events in early disease development. Correlation and information flow analyses revealed that DNBs effectively discriminated between different disease processes and that dysfunctional regulation and disproportional information flow may contribute to the increased disease severity. This study provides a general paradigm for revealing the deterioration mechanisms of complex diseases and offers new insights into their early diagnoses.
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Müller-Redetzky HC, Lienau J, Witzenrath M. The Lung Endothelial Barrier in Acute Inflammation. THE VERTEBRATE BLOOD-GAS BARRIER IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123850 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18392-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Qiangzhi decoction protects mice from influenza A pneumonia through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine storm. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:376-83. [PMID: 25519444 PMCID: PMC7088648 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-2020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the preventive effects of Qiangzhi Decoction (羌跖汤, QZD) on influenza A pneumonia through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine storm in vivo and in vitro. Methods One hundred ICR mice were randomly divided into the virus control, the Tamiflu control and the QZD high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. Mice were infected intranasally with influenza virus (H1N1) at 10 median lethal dose (LD50). QZD and Tamiflu were administered intragastrically twice daily from day 0 to day 7 after infection. The virus control group was treated with distilled water alone under the same condition. The number of surviving mice was recorded daily for 14 days after viral infection. The histological damage and viral replication and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were monitored. Additionally, the suppression capacity on the secretion of regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in epithelial and macrophage cell-lines were evaluated. Results Compared with the virus control group, the survival rate of the QZD groups signifificantly improved in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), the viral titers in lung tissue was inhibited (P<0.05), and the production of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were suppressed (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the secretion of RANTETS and TNF-α by epithelial and macrophage cell-lines was inhibited with the treatment of QZD respectively in vitro (p<0.05) Conclusions The preventive effects of QZD on influenza virus infection might be due to its unique cytokine inhibition mechanism. QZD may have significant therapeutic potential in combination with antiviral drugs.
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Peng X, Alföldi J, Gori K, Eisfeld AJ, Tyler SR, Tisoncik-Go J, Brawand D, Law GL, Skunca N, Hatta M, Gasper DJ, Kelly SM, Chang J, Thomas MJ, Johnson J, Berlin AM, Lara M, Russell P, Swofford R, Turner-Maier J, Young S, Hourlier T, Aken B, Searle S, Sun X, Yi Y, Suresh M, Tumpey TM, Siepel A, Wisely SM, Dessimoz C, Kawaoka Y, Birren BW, Lindblad-Toh K, Di Palma F, Engelhardt JF, Palermo RE, Katze MG. The draft genome sequence of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) facilitates study of human respiratory disease. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:1250-5. [PMID: 25402615 PMCID: PMC4262547 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is an important animal model for multiple human respiratory diseases. It is considered the 'gold standard' for modeling human influenza virus infection and transmission. Here we describe the 2.41 Gb draft genome assembly of the domestic ferret, constituting 2.28 Gb of sequence plus gaps. We annotated 19,910 protein-coding genes on this assembly using RNA-seq data from 21 ferret tissues. We characterized the ferret host response to two influenza virus infections by RNA-seq analysis of 42 ferret samples from influenza time-course data and showed distinct signatures in ferret trachea and lung tissues specific to 1918 or 2009 human pandemic influenza virus infections. Using microarray data from 16 ferret samples reflecting cystic fibrosis disease progression, we showed that transcriptional changes in the CFTR-knockout ferret lung reflect pathways of early disease that cannot be readily studied in human infants with cystic fibrosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Peng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Alföldi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - Kevin Gori
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bio informatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amie J. Eisfeld
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott R. Tyler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - David Brawand
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - G. Lynn Law
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nives Skunca
- Department of Computer Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masato Hatta
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J. Gasper
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara M. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jean Chang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew J. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - Aaron M. Berlin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - Marcia Lara
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - Pamela Russell
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Sarah Young
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - Thibaut Hourlier
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bronwen Aken
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steve Searle
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - M. Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Adam Siepel
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Samantha M. Wisely
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christophe Dessimoz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bio informatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioresponses Regulation, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bruce W. Birren
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert E. Palermo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael G. Katze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Boon ACM, Williams RW, Sinasac DS, Webby RJ. A novel genetic locus linked to pro-inflammatory cytokines after virulent H5N1 virus infection in mice. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1017. [PMID: 25418976 PMCID: PMC4256927 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variation in the human population is a key determinant of influenza disease severity. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the antiviral gene IFITM3 was linked to outcomes during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. To identify variant host genes associated with increased virus replication and severe disease, we performed a quantitative trait locus analysis on pro-inflammatory cytokine production 48 hours after intranasal infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus. Results Pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL2, TNFα and IFN-α, were measured by ELISA in lung homogenates of DBA/2J (D2), C57BL/6J (B6) and 44 different BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains. Virus titer was also assessed in a subset of these animals. CCL2 (8-fold), TNFα (24-fold) and IFN-α (8-fold) concentrations varied significantly among the different BXD RI strains. Importantly, cytokine concentration correlated very well (r =0.86-0.96, P <0.0001) with virus titer suggesting that early cytokine production is due to increased virus infection and replication. Linkage analysis of cytokine concentration revealed a significant locus on chromosome 6 associated with differences in TNFα, IFN-α and CCL2 cytokine concentration (LRS =26). This locus accounted for nearly 20% of the observed phenotypic variation in the BXD population studied. Sequence and RNA expression analysis identified several candidate host genes containing missense mutations or deletions; Samd9l, Ica1, and Slc25a13. To study the role of Slc25a13, we obtained Slc25a13 knockout line, but upon challenge with H5N1 influenza virus observed no effect on CCL2 production, or morbidity and mortality. Conclusion A novel genetic locus on chromosome 6 modulates early pro-inflammatory cytokine production and virus replication after highly pathogenic influenza virus infection. Candidate genes, Samd9l and Ica1, may be important for the control of influenza virus infection and pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1017) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus C M Boon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Marois I, Cloutier A, Garneau É, Lesur O, Richter MV. The administration of oseltamivir results in reduced effector and memory CD8+ T cell responses to influenza and affects protective immunity. FASEB J 2014; 29:973-87. [PMID: 25414485 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-260687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The clinical benefits of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) are well established, but the effects of antiviral treatment on the immune response are poorly understood. By use of flow cytometric analyses and the mouse model, we thoroughly investigated the impact of such a treatment on the immune response and the generation of protective immunity to influenza. We demonstrated that influenza-specific CD8(+) effector T cell recruitment was reduced up to 81% in the lungs of mice treated with oseltamivir (5 or 50 mg/kg twice daily; EC50 49 nM in vitro) compared to saline controls, but cell generation was unaffected in draining lymph nodes. Importantly, we showed that oseltamivir administration significantly decreased the pools of tissue-resident and circulating effector memory (93.7%) and central memory CD8(+) T cells (45%) compared to saline controls. During heterologous secondary infection, a decreased memory CD8(+) T cell pool combined with reduced generation of secondary influenza-specific effectors in the lymph nodes resulted in 10-fold decreased CD8(+) T cell recall responses, which increased mouse morbidity and delayed viral clearance. Furthermore, antiviral administration led to a significant 5.7-fold decreased production of functional anti-influenza antibodies. Thus, our study demonstrates that antiviral treatment affects the development of the adaptive immune response and protective immunity against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marois
- *Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Québec, Canada; and Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Cloutier
- *Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Québec, Canada; and Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Émilie Garneau
- *Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Québec, Canada; and Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- *Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Québec, Canada; and Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin V Richter
- *Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Québec, Canada; and Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Gomes L, Fernando S, Fernando RH, Wickramasinghe N, Shyamali NLA, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Sphingosine 1-phosphate in acute dengue infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113394. [PMID: 25409037 PMCID: PMC4237441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular leak is the hallmark of severe dengue infections and leads to complications such as shock and multi-organ failure. Although many mediators have been implicated in the vascular leak in dengue, the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has not been investigated. Metholodology/Principal findings As S1P has been shown to be important in barrier integrity, we assessed the S1P levels in 28 patients with acute dengue and 12 healthy individuals. The S1P levels were significantly lower in patients with acute dengue (p = 0.002) and the levels in patients with grade IV dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) were significantly lower than those with dengue fever (p = 0.005). We then investigated the kinetics of S1P levels throughout the course of the illness in another 32 patients in serum samples obtained twice a day. We found that S1P levels were low throughout the course of illness and S1P levels were <0.5 µM in 12/23 patients with DHF when compared to 1/9 with DF. Conclusions/Significance As S1P has shown to be important in the endothelial barrier integrity and increases transendothelial resistance, low levels of S1P in acute dengue infection are likely to contribute to increased vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laksiri Gomes
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Samitha Fernando
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Randika Heshan Fernando
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilanka Wickramasinghe
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Narangoda Liyanage Ajantha Shyamali
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Ogg
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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138
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Enhanced natural killer-cell and T-cell responses to influenza A virus during pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14506-11. [PMID: 25246558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416569111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women experience increased morbidity and mortality after influenza infection, for reasons that are not understood. Although some data suggest that natural killer (NK)- and T-cell responses are suppressed during pregnancy, influenza-specific responses have not been previously evaluated. Thus, we analyzed the responses of women that were pregnant (n = 21) versus those that were not (n = 29) immediately before inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV), 7 d after vaccination, and 6 wk postpartum. Expression of CD107a (a marker of cytolysis) and production of IFN-γ and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1β were assessed by flow cytometry. Pregnant women had a significantly increased percentage of NK cells producing a MIP-1β response to pH1N1 virus compared with nonpregnant women pre-IIV [median, 6.66 vs. 0.90% (P = 0.0149)] and 7 d post-IIV [median, 11.23 vs. 2.81% (P = 0.004)], indicating a heightened chemokine response in pregnant women that was further enhanced by the vaccination. Pregnant women also exhibited significantly increased T-cell production of MIP-1β and polyfunctionality in NK and T cells to pH1N1 virus pre- and post-IIV. NK- and T-cell polyfunctionality was also enhanced in pregnant women in response to the H3N2 viral strain. In contrast, pregnant women had significantly reduced NK- and T-cell responses to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. This type of stimulation led to the conclusion that NK- and T-cell responses during pregnancy are suppressed, but clearly this conclusion is not correct relative to the more biologically relevant assays described here. Robust cellular immune responses to influenza during pregnancy could drive pulmonary inflammation, explaining increased morbidity and mortality.
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Abstract
Observational data suggest that the treatment of influenza infection with neuraminidase inhibitors decreases progression to more severe illness, especially when treatment is started soon after symptom onset. However, even early treatment might fail to prevent complications in some patients, particularly those infected with novel viruses such as the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1, avian influenza A H5N1 virus subtype, or the avian influenza A H7N9 virus subtype. Furthermore, treatment with one antiviral drug might promote the development of antiviral resistance, especially in immunocompromised hosts and critically ill patients. An obvious strategy to optimise antiviral therapy is to combine drugs with different modes of action. Because host immune responses to infection might also contribute to illness pathogenesis, improved outcomes might be gained from the combination of antiviral therapy with drugs that modulate the immune response in an infected individual. We review available data from preclinical and clinical studies of combination antiviral therapy and of combined antiviral-immunomodulator therapy for influenza. Early-stage data draw attention to several promising antiviral combinations with therapeutic potential in severe infections, but there remains a need to substantiate clinical benefit. Combination therapies with favourable experimental data need to be tested in carefully designed aclinical trials to assess their efficacy.
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140
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Blanc CA, Rosen H, Lane TE. FTY720 (fingolimod) modulates the severity of viral-induced encephalomyelitis and demyelination. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:138. [PMID: 25138356 PMCID: PMC4148542 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FTY720 (fingolimod) is the first oral drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with the relapsing-remitting form of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Evidence suggests that the therapeutic benefit of FTY720 occurs by preventing the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes thereby inhibiting the infiltration of disease-causing lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesized that FTY720 treatment would affect lymphocyte migration to the CNS and influence disease severity in a mouse model of viral-induced neurologic disease. Methods Mice were infected intracranially with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus. Infected animals were treated with increasing doses (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) of FTY720 and morbidity and mortality recorded. Infiltration of inflammatory virus-specific T cells (tetramer staining) into the CNS of FTY720-treated mice was determined using flow cytometry. The effects of FTY720 treatment on virus-specific T cell proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic activity were also determined. The severity of neuroinflammation and demyelination in FTY720-treated mice was examined by flow cytometry and histopathologically, respectively, in the spinal cords of the mice. Results Administration of FTY720 to JHMV-infected mice resulted in increased clinical disease severity and mortality. These results correlated with impaired ability to control viral replication (P < 0.05) within the CNS at days 7 and 14 post-infection, which was associated with diminished accumulation of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) into the CNS. Reduced neuroinflammation in FTY720-treated mice correlated with increased retention of T lymphocytes within draining cervical lymph nodes (P < 0.05). Treatment with FTY720 did not affect virus-specific T cell proliferation, expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α or cytolytic activity. FTY720-treated mice exhibited a reduction in the severity of demyelination associated with dampened neuroinflammation. Conclusion These findings indicate that FTY720 mutes effective anti-viral immune responses through impacting migration and accumulation of virus-specific T cells within the CNS during acute viral-induced encephalomyelitis. FTY720 treatment reduces the severity of neuroinflammatory-mediated demyelination by restricting the access of disease-causing lymphocytes into the CNS but is not associated with viral recrudescence in this model.
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141
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Barbosa RPA, Salgado APC, Garcia CC, Filho BG, Gonçalves APDF, Lima BHF, Lopes GAO, Rachid MA, Peixoto ACC, de Oliveira DB, Ataíde MA, Zirke CA, Cotrim TM, Costa ÉA, Almeida GMDF, Russo RC, Gazzinelli RT, Machado ADMV. Protective immunity and safety of a genetically modified influenza virus vaccine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98685. [PMID: 24927156 PMCID: PMC4057169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant influenza viruses are promising viral platforms to be used as antigen delivery vectors. To this aim, one of the most promising approaches consists of generating recombinant viruses harboring partially truncated neuraminidase (NA) segments. To date, all studies have pointed to safety and usefulness of this viral platform. However, some aspects of the inflammatory and immune responses triggered by those recombinant viruses and their safety to immunocompromised hosts remained to be elucidated. In the present study, we generated a recombinant influenza virus harboring a truncated NA segment (vNA-Δ) and evaluated the innate and inflammatory responses and the safety of this recombinant virus in wild type or knock-out (KO) mice with impaired innate (Myd88 -/-) or acquired (RAG -/-) immune responses. Infection using truncated neuraminidase influenza virus was harmless regarding lung and systemic inflammatory response in wild type mice and was highly attenuated in KO mice. We also demonstrated that vNA-Δ infection does not induce unbalanced cytokine production that strongly contributes to lung damage in infected mice. In addition, the recombinant influenza virus was able to trigger both local and systemic virus-specific humoral and CD8+ T cellular immune responses which protected immunized mice against the challenge with a lethal dose of homologous A/PR8/34 influenza virus. Taken together, our findings suggest and reinforce the safety of using NA deleted influenza viruses as antigen delivery vectors against human or veterinary pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Polidoro Alves Barbosa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Carneiro Salgado
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Bruno Galvão Filho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Braulio Henrique Freire Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Augusto Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Andiara Cristina Cardoso Peixoto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio Ataíde
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carla Aparecida Zirke
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Tatiane Marques Cotrim
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Érica Azevedo Costa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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142
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Chemical and genetic tools to explore S1P biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 378:55-83. [PMID: 24728593 PMCID: PMC7120161 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The zwitterionic lysophospholipid Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic mediator of physiology and pathology. The synthesis, transport, and degradation of S1P are tightly regulated to ensure that S1P is present in the proper concentrations in the proper location. The binding of S1P to five G protein-coupled S1P receptors regulates many physiological systems, particularly the immune and vascular systems. Our understanding of the functions of S1P has been aided by the tractability of the system to both chemical and genetic manipulation. Chemical modulators have been generated to affect most of the known components of S1P biology, including agonists of S1P receptors and inhibitors of enzymes regulating S1P production and degradation. Genetic knockouts and manipulations have been similarly engineered to disrupt the functions of individual S1P receptors or enzymes involved in S1P metabolism. This chapter will focus on the development and utilization of these chemical and genetic tools to explore the complex biology surrounding S1P and its receptors, with particular attention paid to the in vivo findings that these tools have allowed for.
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143
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Pu L, Jiang T, Liu JY, Deng YQ, Wang P, Nian QG, Yu XD, Zhu SY, Zhang YL, Qin CF. Methylprednisolone treatment fails to protect mice from the H5N1 influenza A virus-induced proinflammatory response and mortality. J Infect 2014; 69:297-9. [PMID: 24680866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Gong Nian
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xue-Dong Yu
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shun-Ya Zhu
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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144
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Animal model of respiratory syncytial virus: CD8+ T cells cause a cytokine storm that is chemically tractable by sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor agonist therapy. J Virol 2014; 88:6281-93. [PMID: 24672024 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00464-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The cytokine storm is an intensified, dysregulated, tissue-injurious inflammatory response driven by cytokine and immune cell components. The cytokine storm during influenza virus infection, whereby the amplified innate immune response is primarily responsible for pulmonary damage, has been well characterized. Now we describe a novel event where virus-specific T cells induce a cytokine storm. The paramyxovirus pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a model of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV). Unexpectedly, when C57BL/6 mice were infected with PVM, the innate inflammatory response was undetectable until day 5 postinfection, at which time CD8(+) T cells infiltrated into the lung, initiating a cytokine storm by their production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Administration of an immunomodulatory sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P1R) agonist significantly inhibited PVM-elicited cytokine storm by blunting the PVM-specific CD8(+) T cell response, resulting in diminished pulmonary disease and enhanced survival. IMPORTANCE A dysregulated overly exuberant immune response, termed a "cytokine storm," accompanies virus-induced acute respiratory diseases (VARV), is primarily responsible for the accompanying high morbidity and mortality, and can be controlled therapeutically in influenza virus infection of mice and ferrets by administration of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor (S1P1R) agonists. Here, two novel findings are recorded. First, in contrast to influenza infection, where the cytokine storm is initiated early by the innate immune system, for pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a model of RSV, the cytokine storm is initiated late in infection by the adaptive immune response: specifically, by virus-specific CD8 T cells via their release of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Blockading these cytokines with neutralizing antibodies blunts the cytokine storm and protects the host. Second, PVM infection is controlled by administration of an S1P1R agonist.
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145
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Dynamics of pulmonary endothelial barrier function in acute inflammation: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:657-73. [PMID: 24599335 PMCID: PMC7102256 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lungs provide a large inner surface to guarantee respiration. In lung alveoli, a delicate membrane formed by endo- and epithelial cells with their fused basal lamina ensures rapid and effective gas exchange between alveolar and vascular compartments while concurrently forming a robust barrier against inhaled particles and microbes. However, upon infectious or sterile inflammatory stimulation, tightly regulated endothelial barrier leakiness is required for leukocyte transmigration. Further, endothelial barrier disruption may result in uncontrolled extravasation of protein-rich fluids. This brief review summarizes some important mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial barrier regulation and disruption, focusing on the role of specific cell populations, coagulation and complement cascades and mediators including angiopoietins, specific sphingolipids, adrenomedullin and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for the regulation of pulmonary endothelial barrier function. Further, current therapeutic perspectives against development of lung injury are discussed.
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146
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Teijaro JR, Walsh KB, Long JP, Tordoff KP, Stark GV, Eisfeld AJ, Kawaoka Y, Rosen H, Oldstone MBA. Protection of ferrets from pulmonary injury due to H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection: immunopathology tractable by sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor agonist therapy. Virology 2014; 452-453:152-7. [PMID: 24606692 PMCID: PMC3954990 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza infection of humans remains an important public health problem. Vaccine strategies result in a significant but only partial control (65-85%) of infection. Thus, chemotherapeutic approaches are needed to provide a solution both for vaccine failures and to limit infection in the unvaccinated population. Previously (Walsh et al., 2011; Teijaro et al., 2011) documented that sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor (S1P1R) agonists significantly protected mice against pathogenic H1N1 influenza virus by limiting immunopathologic damage while allowing host control of the infection. Here we extend that observation by documenting S1P1R agonist can control pathogenic H1N1 influenza infection in ferrets. S1P1R agonist was more effective in reducing pulmonary injury than the antiviral drug oseltamivir but, importantly, combined therapy was significantly more effective than either therapy alone.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ferrets
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Male
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/agonists
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Teijaro
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Kevin B Walsh
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - James P Long
- Battelle, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
| | | | | | - Amie J Eisfeld
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Response Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Michael B A Oldstone
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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147
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Berri F, Lê VB, Jandrot-Perrus M, Lina B, Riteau B. Switch from protective to adverse inflammation during influenza: viral determinants and hemostasis are caught as culprits. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:885-98. [PMID: 24091817 PMCID: PMC11114008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory infections, which are highly contagious and occur as seasonal epidemic and sporadic pandemic outbreaks. Innate immune response is activated shortly after infection with influenza A viruses (IAV), affording effective protection of the host. However, this response should be tightly regulated, as insufficient inflammation may result in virus escape from immunosurveillance. In contrast, excessive inflammation may result in bystander lung tissue damage, loss of respiratory capacity, and deterioration of the clinical outcome of IAV infections. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the innate immune response to IAV infection and summarize the most important findings on how the host can inappropriately respond to influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Berri
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Vuong Ba Lê
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Inserm, U698, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Riteau
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- INRA, Nouzilly, France
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148
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Mapping the innate signaling cascade essential for cytokine storm during influenza virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3799-804. [PMID: 24572573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400593111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During pathogenic influenza virus infection, robust cytokine production (cytokine storm), excessive inflammatory infiltrates, and virus-induced tissue destruction all contribute to morbidity and mortality. Earlier we reported that modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 receptor (S1P1R) signaling provided a chemically tractable approach for the effective blunting of cytokine storm, leading to the improvement of clinical and survival outcomes. Here, we show that S1P1R agonist treatment suppresses global cytokine amplification. Importantly, S1P1R agonist treatment was able to blunt cytokine/chemokine production and innate immune cell recruitment in the lung independently of endosomal and cytosolic innate sensing pathways. S1P1R signaling suppression of cytokine amplification was independent of multiple innate signaling adaptor pathways for myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and IFN-β promoter stimulator-1 signaling, indicating a common pathway inhibition of cytokine storm. We identify the MyD88 adaptor molecule as responsible for the majority of cytokine amplification observed following influenza virus challenge.
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149
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Kash JC, Xiao Y, Davis AS, Walters KA, Chertow DS, Easterbrook JD, Dunfee RL, Sandouk A, Jagger BW, Schwartzman LM, Kuestner RE, Wehr NB, Huffman K, Rosenthal RA, Ozinsky A, Levine RL, Doctrow SR, Taubenberger JK. Treatment with the reactive oxygen species scavenger EUK-207 reduces lung damage and increases survival during 1918 influenza virus infection in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:235-47. [PMID: 24140866 PMCID: PMC3927540 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The 1918 influenza pandemic caused over 40 million deaths worldwide, with 675,000 deaths in the United States alone. Studies in several experimental animal models showed that 1918 influenza virus infection resulted in severe lung pathology associated with dysregulated immune and cell death responses. To determine if reactive oxygen species produced by host inflammatory responses play a central role in promoting severity of lung pathology, we treated 1918 influenza virus-infected mice with the catalytic catalase/superoxide dismutase mimetic, salen-manganese complex EUK-207 beginning 3 days postinfection. Postexposure treatment of mice infected with a lethal dose of the 1918 influenza virus with EUK-207 resulted in significantly increased survival and reduced lung pathology without a reduction in viral titers. In vitro studies also showed that EUK-207 treatment did not affect 1918 influenza viral replication. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a reduction in the detection of the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3 and the oxidative stress marker 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in lungs of EUK-207-treated animals compared to vehicle controls. High-throughput sequencing and RNA expression microarray analysis revealed that treatment resulted in decreased expression of inflammatory response genes and increased lung metabolic and repair responses. These results directly demonstrate that 1918 influenza virus infection leads to an immunopathogenic immune response with excessive inflammatory and cell death responses that can be limited by treatment with the catalytic antioxidant EUK-207.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Kash
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yongli Xiao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A Sally Davis
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Chertow
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Judith D Easterbrook
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca L Dunfee
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aline Sandouk
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brett W Jagger
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis M Schwartzman
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Nancy B Wehr
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karl Huffman
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rosalind A Rosenthal
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan R Doctrow
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Vijayan M, Hahm B. Influenza viral manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling to modulate host defense system. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:793815. [PMID: 24672735 PMCID: PMC3920843 DOI: 10.1155/2014/793815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses attempt to create a distinctive cellular environment to favor viral replication and spread. Recent studies uncovered new functions of the sphingolipid signaling/metabolism during pathogenic virus infections. While sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and ceramide were reported to influence the entry step of several viruses, sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes could directly alter viral replication processes. Influenza virus was shown to increase the level of sphingosine kinase (SK) 1 to promote virus propagation. The mechanism involves regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to the amplification of influenza viral RNA synthesis and nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. However, bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits SK1 to enhance the efficacy of virus replication, demonstrating the presence of virus-specific strategies for modulation of the sphingolipid system. Therefore, investigating the sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in the context of virus replication could help us design innovative therapeutic approaches to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Vijayan
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- University of Missouri-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, Medical Sciences Building, NW301C, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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