101
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Peng T, Qiao M, Liu H, Teotia S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Wang B, Zhao D, Shi L, Zhang C, Le B, Rogers K, Gunasekara C, Duan H, Gu Y, Tian L, Nie J, Qi J, Meng F, Huang L, Chen Q, Wang Z, Tang J, Tang X, Lan T, Chen X, Wei H, Zhao Q, Tang G. A Resource for Inactivation of MicroRNAs Using Short Tandem Target Mimic Technology in Model and Crop Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1400-1417. [PMID: 30243763 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that bind to mRNAs and target them for cleavage and/or translational repression, leading to gene silencing. We previously developed short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology to deactivate endogenous miRNAs in Arabidopsis. Here, we created hundreds of STTMs that target both conserved and species-specific miRNAs in Arabidopsis, tomato, rice, and maize, providing a resource for the functional interrogation of miRNAs. We not only revealed the functions of several miRNAs in plant development, but also demonstrated that tissue-specific inactivation of a few miRNAs in rice leads to an increase in grain size without adversely affecting overall plant growth and development. RNA-seq and small RNA-seq analyses of STTM156/157 and STTM165/166 transgenic plants revealed the roles of these miRNAs in plant hormone biosynthesis and activation, secondary metabolism, and ion-channel activity-associated electrophysiology, demonstrating that STTM technology is an effective approach for studying miRNA functions. To facilitate the study and application of STTM transgenic plants and to provide a useful platform for storing and sharing of information about miRNA-regulated gene networks, we have established an online Genome Browser (https://blossom.ffr.mtu.edu/designindex2.php) to display the transcriptomic and miRNAomic changes in STTM-induced miRNA knockdown plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Mengmeng Qiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Haiping Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhanhui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yafan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bobo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongjie Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Lina Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brandon Le
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kestrel Rogers
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chathura Gunasekara
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Haitang Duan
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yiyou Gu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Jinfu Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinghui Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Life Science and Technology Instituted, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Jinshan Tang
- School of Technology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Ting Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Hairong Wei
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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102
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Ullah A, Manghwar H, Shaban M, Khan AH, Akbar A, Ali U, Ali E, Fahad S. Phytohormones enhanced drought tolerance in plants: a coping strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33103-33118. [PMID: 30284160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a severe environmental constraint among the emerging problems. Plants are highly vulnerable to drought stress and a severe decrease in yield was recorded in the last few decades. So, it is highly desirable to understand the mechanism of drought tolerance in plants and consequently enhance the tolerance against drought stress. Phytohormones are known to play vital roles in regulating various phenomenons in plants to acclimatize to varying drought environment. Abscisic acid (ABA) is considered the main hormone which intensifies drought tolerance in plants through various morpho-physiological and molecular processes including stomata regulation, root development, and initiation of ABA-dependent pathway. In addition, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) ethylene (ET), auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are also very important phytohormones to congregate the challenges of drought stress. However, these hormones are usually cross talk with each other to increase the survival of plants in drought conditions. On the other hand, the transgenic approach is currently the most accepted technique to engineer the genes responsible for the synthesis of phytohormones in drought stress response. Our present review highlights the regulatory circuits of phytohormones in drought tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18550, Pakistan.
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shaban
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Akbar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Usman Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehsan Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Fahad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
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103
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Genotype × Environment interactions of Nagina22 rice mutants for yield traits under low phosphorus, water limited and normal irrigated conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15530. [PMID: 30341356 PMCID: PMC6195568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi environment testing helps identify stable genotypes especially for adverse abiotic stress situations. In the era of climate change and multiple abiotic stresses, it becomes important to analyze stability of rice lines under both irrigated and stress conditions. Mutants are an important genetic resource which can help in revealing the basis of natural variation. We analyzed 300 EMS induced mutants of aus rice cultivar Nagina22 (N22) for their G × E interaction and stability under low phosphorus (P), water limited and irrigated conditions. Environmental effect and interaction were more significant than genotypic contribution on grain yield (GY), productive tillers (TN) and plant height (PH) under these three environmental conditions in dry season, 2010. GY and TN were more affected by low P stress than by water limited condition, but PH was not significantly different under these two stresses. Mutants G17, G209, G29, G91, G63 and G32 were stable for GY in decreasing order of stability across the three environments but G254 and G50 were stable only in low P, G17 and G45 only in water limited and G295 and G289 only in normal irrigated condition. We then selected and evaluated 3 high yielding mutants, 3 low yielding mutants and N22 for their stability and adaptability to these 3 environments in both wet and dry seasons for six years (2010–2015). The most stable lines based on the combined analysis of 12 seasons were G125 (NH210) under normal condition, G17 (NH686), G176 (NH363) and G284 (NH162) in low P condition and G176 (NH363) under water limited condition. G176 was the best considering all 3 conditions. When screened for 15 Pup1 gene-specific markers, G176 showed alleles similar to N22. While two other low-P tolerant lines G17 and G65 showed N22 similar alleles only at k-1 and k-5 but a different allele or null allele at 13 other loci. These stable mutants are a valuable resource for varietal development and to discover genes for tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.
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104
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Ma H, Liu C, Li Z, Ran Q, Xie G, Wang B, Fang S, Chu J, Zhang J. ZmbZIP4 Contributes to Stress Resistance in Maize by Regulating ABA Synthesis and Root Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:753-770. [PMID: 30126870 PMCID: PMC6181033 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factors regulate diverse processes such as development and stress responses. However, few of these transcription factors have been functionally characterized in maize (Zea mays). In this study, we characterized the bZIP transcription factor gene ZmbZIP4 from maize. ZmbZIP4 was differentially expressed in various organs of maize and was induced by high salinity, drought, heat, cold, and abscisic acid treatment in seedlings. A transactivation assay in yeast demonstrated that ZmbZIP4 functioned as a transcriptional activator. A genome-wide screen for ZmbZIP4 targets by immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that ZmbZIP4 could positively regulate a number of stress response genes, such as ZmLEA2, ZmRD20, ZmRD21, ZmRab18, ZmNHX3, ZmGEA6, and ZmERD, and some abscisic acid synthesis-related genes, including NCED, ABA1, AAO3, and LOS5 In addition, ZmbZIP4 targets some root development-related genes, including ZmLRP1, ZmSCR, ZmIAA8, ZmIAA14, ZmARF2, and ZmARF3, and overexpression of ZmbZIP4 resulted in an increased number of lateral roots, longer primary roots, and an improved root system. Increased abscisic acid synthesis by overexpression of ZmbZIP4 also can increase the plant's ability to resist abiotic stress. Thus, ZmbZIP4 is a positive regulator of plant abiotic stress responses and is involved in root development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Can Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Qijun Ran
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Guangning Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Baomei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Juren Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
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105
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Chen HC, Cheng WH, Hong CY, Chang YS, Chang MC. The transcription factor OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and enables seedling recovery from salt stress through ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, respectively. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 30203325 PMCID: PMC6134479 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many transcription factors (TFs), such as those in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, are important for regulating plant growth and plant responses to abiotic stress. The expression of OsbHLH035 is induced by drought and salinity. However, its functional role in rice growth, development, and the salt response is still unknown. RESULTS The bHLH TF OsbHLH035 is a salt-induced gene that is primarily expressed in germinating seeds and seedlings. Stable expression of GFP-fused OsbHLH035 in rice transgenic plants revealed that this protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus. Osbhlh035 mutants show delayed seed germination, particularly under salt-stress conditions. In parallel, abscisic acid (ABA) contents are over-accumulated, and the expression of the ABA biosynthetic genes OsABA2 and OsAAO3 is upregulated; furthermore, compared with that in wild-type (WT) seedlings, the salt-induced expression of OsABA8ox1, an ABA catabolic gene, in germinating Osbhlh035 mutant seeds is downregulated. Moreover, Osbhlh035 mutant seedlings are unable to recover from salt-stress treatment. Consistently, sodium is over-accumulated in aerial tissues but slightly reduced in terrestrial tissues from Osbhlh035 seedlings after salt treatment. Additionally, the expression of the sodium transporters OsHKT1;3 and 1;5 is reduced in Osbhlh035 aerial and terrestrial tissues, respectively. Furthermore, genetic complementation can restore both the delayed seed germination and the impaired recovery of salt-treated Osbhlh035 seedlings to normal growth. CONCLUSION OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and seedling recovery after salt stress relief through the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent activation of OsHKT pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Men-Chi Chang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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106
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Ectopic expression of mutated type 2C protein phosphatase OsABI-LIKE2 decreases abscisic acid sensitivity in Arabidopsis and rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12320. [PMID: 30120350 PMCID: PMC6097999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that is necessary for stress adaptation. Recent studies have reported that attenuated levels of ABA improved grain yield and seedling growth under low temperature in cereals. To improve plant growth under low temperature, we attempted to generate ABA-insensitive transgenic rice by expressing a clade A type 2C protein phosphatase (OsPP2C), OsABIL2, with or without the mutation equivalent to the Arabidopsis abi1-1 mutation. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the interaction between OsABIL2 and a putative rice ABA receptor, OsPYL1, was ABA-dependent, and the interaction was lost with amino acid substitution from glycine to aspartic acid at the 183rd amino acid of the OsABIL2 protein, corresponding to abi1-1 mutation. The constitutive expression of OsABIL2 or OsABIL2G183D in Arabidopsis or rice decreased ABA sensitivity to differing degrees. Moreover, the transgenic rice expressing OsABIL2G183D exhibited improved seedling growth under low temperature, although the transgenic lines showed unfavorable traits, such as viviparous germination and elongated internodes. These results indicated that the introduction of abi1-1 type dominant mutation was also effective in OsABIL2 at decreasing ABA sensitivity in plants, and the attenuation of ABA sensitivity could be an alternative parameter to improve rice performance under low temperatures.
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107
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He R, Zhuang Y, Cai Y, Agüero CB, Liu S, Wu J, Deng S, Walker MA, Lu J, Zhang Y. Overexpression of 9- cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Cisgene in Grapevine Increases Drought Tolerance and Results in Pleiotropic Effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:970. [PMID: 30123225 PMCID: PMC6085461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), which is associated with drought tolerance in plants. An osmotic-inducible VaNCED1 gene was isolated from a drought-resistant cultivar of Vitis amurensis and constitutively overexpressed in a drought-sensitive cultivar of Vitis vinifera. Transgenic plants showed significantly improved drought tolerance, including a higher growth rate and better drought resistant under drought conditions, compared to those of wild-type (WT) plants. After water was withheld for 50 days, the upper leaves of transgenic plants remained green, whereas most leaves of WT plants turned yellow and fell. Besides the increase in ABA content, overexpression of VaNCED1 induced the production of jasmonic acid (JA) and accumulation of JA biosynthesis-related genes, including allene oxide cyclase (AOC) and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR3). Moreover, transgenic plants possessed advantageous physiological indices, including lower leaf stomatal density, lower photosynthesis rate, and lower accumulation of proline and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to those of WT plants, indicating increased resistance to drought stress. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that overexpression of VaNCED1 enhanced the expression of drought-responsive genes, such as ABA-responsive element1 (ABRE1), ABRE binding factors 2 (ABF2), plasma membrane intrinsic proteins 2 (PIP2), C-repeat/DRE-Binding Factor 4 (VvCBF4) and ABA-insensitive 5 (ABI5). Although the development of transgenic plants was delayed by 4 months than WT plants, because of seed dormancy and abnormal seedlings, the surviving transgenic plants provided a solid method for protection of woody plants from drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Cai
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia B. Agüero
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shaoli Liu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Deng
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael A. Walker
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jiang Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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108
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Izydorczyk C, Nguyen TN, Jo S, Son S, Tuan PA, Ayele BT. Spatiotemporal modulation of abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism and signalling mediates the effects of suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures on seed germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1022-1037. [PMID: 28349595 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex process regulated by intrinsic hormonal cues such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), and environmental signals including temperature. Using pharmacological, molecular and metabolomics approaches, we show that supraoptimal temperature delays wheat seed germination through maintaining elevated embryonic ABA level via increased expression of ABA biosynthetic genes (TaNCED1 and TaNCED2), increasing embryo ABA sensitivity through upregulation of genes regulating ABA signalling positively (TaPYL5, TaSnRK2, ABI3 and ABI5) and decreasing embryo GA sensitivity via induction of TaRHT1 that regulates GA signalling negatively. Endospermic ABA and GA appeared to have minimal roles in regulating germination at supraoptimal temperature. Germination inhibition by suboptimal temperature is associated with elevated ABA level in the embryo and endosperm tissues, mediated by induction of TaNCEDs and decreased expression of endospermic ABA catabolic genes (TaCYP707As), and increased ABA sensitivity in both tissues via upregulation of TaPYL5, TaSnRK2, ABI3 and ABI5 in the embryo and TaSnRK2 and ABI5 in the endosperm. Furthermore, suboptimal temperature suppresses GA synthesis in both tissues and GA sensitivity in the embryo via repressing GA biosynthetic genes (TaGA20ox and TaGA3ox2) and inducing TaRHT1, respectively. These results highlight that spatiotemporal modulation of ABA and GA metabolism and signalling in wheat seeds underlies germination response to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Izydorczyk
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - SeoHyun Jo
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - SeungHyun Son
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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109
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Wu L, Huang Z, Li X, Ma L, Gu Q, Wu H, Liu J, Borriss R, Wu Z, Gao X. Stomatal Closure and SA-, JA/ET-Signaling Pathways Are Essential for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 to Restrict Leaf Disease Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:847. [PMID: 29755447 PMCID: PMC5934478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. This study analyzed the mechanism by which FZB42 restricts leaf disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Nicotiana benthamiana. The oomycete foliar pathogen P. nicotianae is able to reopen stomata which had been closed by the plant innate immune response to initiate penetration and infection. Here, we showed that root colonization by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 restricted pathogen-mediated stomatal reopening in N. benthamiana. Abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)-regulated pathways mediated FZB42-induced stomatal closure after pathogen infection. Moreover, the defense-related genes PR-1a, LOX, and ERF1, involved in the SA and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, respectively, were overexpressed, and levels of the hormones SA, JA, and ET increased in the leaves of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42-treated wild type plants. Disruption of one of these three pathways in N. benthamiana plants increased susceptibility to the pathogen. These suggest that SA- and JA/ET-dependent signaling pathways were important in plant defenses against the pathogen. Our data thus explain a biocontrol mechanism of soil rhizobacteria in a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Liumin Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Forestry & Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Nord Reet UG, Greifswald, Germany.,Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Institut für Agrar-und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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110
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Wang H, Ye X, Li J, Tan B, Chen P, Cheng J, Wang W, Zheng X, Feng J. Transcriptome profiling analysis revealed co-regulation of multiple pathways in jujube during infection by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi'. Gene 2018; 665:82-95. [PMID: 29709641 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jujube witches' broom (JWB), caused by a phytoplasma, devastates jujube tree (Ziziphus jujuba) growth and production in Asia. Although host responses to phytoplasmas are studied at the phenotypic, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, it remains unclear how a host plant responds at the molecular level during the primary stage of infection. METHODS To understand the response of the jujube tree to JWB infection, leaves were sampled at different times during the phytoplasma infection. Transcriptomic analyses at six stages were performed to reveal how phytoplasma infection affects Chinese jujube gene expression through the determination of the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and their related pathways. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to validate 10 differentially expressed genes at different JWB phytoplasma infection stages. RESULTS A total of 25,067 unigenes were mapped to jujube genome reference sequences. In the first infection stage (0-2 weeks after grafting (WAG), a total of 582 jujube genes were differentially regulated but no visible symptoms appeared. Quite a few DEGs related to abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CTK) were down-regulated, while some related to jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were up-regulated, Genes related to plant-pathogen interaction were also differentially expressed. In the second infection stage (37-39WAG), witches' broom symptoms were visible, and a total of 4373 DEGs were identified. Genes involved in biosynthesis and signal transduction of ABA, brassinosteroid (BR), CTK, ethylene (ET), and auxin (IAA), GA, JA and SA, plant-pathogen interaction, flavonoid biosynthesis genes were significantly regulated, suggesting that jujube trees activated defense factors related to SA, JA, ABA and secondary metabolites to defend against phytoplasma infection. By the third infection stage (48-52WAG), serious symptoms occurred and 3386 DEGs were identified. Most DEGs involved in biosynthesis and signal transduction of JA, SA and GA were up-regulated, while those relating to ABA were down-regulated. Genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction were up- or down-regulated, while phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes were significantly up-regulated. Meanwhile, DEGs involved in photosynthesis, chlorophyll and peroxisome biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism were down-regulated. These results suggested that phytoplasma infection had completely destroyed jujube trees' defense system and had disturbed chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic activity in the infected leaves at the late stage, resulting in yellow leaves and other JWB symptoms. DISCUSSION The results in this report suggested that phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolism all played important roles in the battle between colonization and defense in the interaction between Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi and jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Wang
- Colle of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Li
- Colle of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Colle of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; Colle of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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111
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Haider I, Andreo-Jimenez B, Bruno M, Bimbo A, Floková K, Abuauf H, Ntui VO, Guo X, Charnikhova T, Al-Babili S, Bouwmeester HJ, Ruyter-Spira C. The interaction of strigolactones with abscisic acid during the drought response in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2403-2414. [PMID: 29538660 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both strigolactones (SLs) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetically originate from carotenoids. Considering their common origin, the interaction of these two hormones at the biosynthetic and/or regulatory level may be anticipated. Here we show that, in rice, drought simultaneously induces SL production in the root, and ABA production and the expression of SL biosynthetic genes in the shoot. Under control conditions, the ABA concentration was higher in shoots of the SL biosynthetic rice mutants dwarf10 (d10) and d17 than in wild-type plants, while a similar trend was observed for the SL perception mutant d3. These differences were enhanced under drought. However, drought did not result in an increase in leaf ABA content in the rice mutant line d27, carrying a mutation in the gene encoding the first committed enzyme in SL biosynthesis, to the same extent as in the other SL mutants and the wild type. Accordingly, d10, d17, and d3 lines were more drought tolerant than wild-type plants, whereas d27 displayed decreased tolerance. Finally, overexpression of OsD27 in rice resulted in increased levels of ABA when compared with wild-type plants. We conclude that the SL and ABA pathways are connected with each other through D27, which plays a crucial role in determining ABA and SL content in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Haider
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatriz Andreo-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Bruno
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bimbo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant hormone biology group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haneen Abuauf
- Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentine Otang Ntui
- Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiujie Guo
- Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant hormone biology group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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112
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Hunter CT, Saunders JW, Magallanes-Lundback M, Christensen SA, Willett D, Stinard PS, Li QB, Lee K, DellaPenna D, Koch KE. Maize w3 disrupts homogentisate solanesyl transferase (ZmHst) and reveals a plastoquinone-9 independent path for phytoene desaturation and tocopherol accumulation in kernels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:799-813. [PMID: 29315977 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Maize white seedling 3 (w3) has been used to study carotenoid deficiency for almost 100 years, although the molecular basis of the mutation has remained unknown. Here we show that the w3 phenotype is caused by disruption of the maize gene for homogentisate solanesyl transferase (HST), which catalyzes the first and committed step in plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) biosynthesis in the plastid. The resulting PQ-9 deficiency prohibits photosynthetic electron transfer and eliminates PQ-9 as an oxidant in the enzymatic desaturation of phytoene during carotenoid synthesis. As a result, light-grown w3 seedlings are albino, deficient in colored carotenoids and accumulate high levels of phytoene. However, despite the absence of PQ-9 for phytoene desaturation, dark-grown w3 seedlings can produce abscisic acid (ABA) and homozygous w3 kernels accumulate sufficient carotenoids to generate ABA needed for seed maturation. The presence of ABA and low levels of carotenoids in w3 nulls indicates that phytoene desaturase is able to use an alternate oxidant cofactor, albeit less efficiently than PQ-9. The observation that tocopherols and tocotrienols are modestly affected in w3 embryos and unaffected in w3 endosperm indicates that, unlike leaves, grain tissues deficient in PQ-9 are not subject to severe photo-oxidative stress. In addition to identifying the molecular basis for the maize w3 mutant, we: (1) show that low levels of phytoene desaturation can occur in w3 seedlings in the absence of PQ-9; and (2) demonstrate that PQ-9 and carotenoids are not required for vitamin E accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T Hunter
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jonathan W Saunders
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences, 2550 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maria Magallanes-Lundback
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Denis Willett
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Philip S Stinard
- USDA-ARS, Maize Genetics Stock Center, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qin-Bao Li
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- University of Connecticut, Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Karen E Koch
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences, 2550 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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113
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Transcriptome profiling during mangrove viviparity in response to abscisic acid. Sci Rep 2018; 8:770. [PMID: 29335506 PMCID: PMC5768736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove plants adapt to coastal tidal mudflats with specially evolved viviparity seed development. However, very little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms of mangrove viviparity. Here, we tested a hypothesis that plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a significant role in precocious germination of viviparous Kandelia obovata seeds by exogenous applications. Through transcriptome analysis of ABA treated seeds, it was found that ABA repressed mangrove fruit growth and development, and there were thousands of genes differentially expressed. As a result, dynamics of the pathways were dramatically altered. In particular, "Plant hormone signal transduction" and "MAPK signaling pathway" were represented significantly. Among differentially expressed genes, some key genes of ABA signal transduction were induced, while ABA biosynthesis genes were repressed. Take ABI1 and ABI2, key negative regulators in ABA signal pathway, as examples, homologous alignment and a phylogenetic tree in various species showed that ABI1 and ABI2 are highly conserved among various species. The functional similarity of these genes was confirmed by transgenic work in Arabidopsis. Taken together, ABA inhibited mangrove viviparity, but mangroves developed a mechanism to prevent accidently increase of ABA in the harsh environment for maintaining viviparous reproductive strategy.
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114
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Geilfus CM, Ludwig-Müller J, Bárdos G, Zörb C. Early response to salt ions in maize (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:173-180. [PMID: 29195231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates leaf growth and transpiration rate of plants exposed to salt stress. Despite the known fact that cell dehydration is instrumental for the modulation of ABA concentrations when NaCl is high in the external environment, it was never tested as to whether sodium (Na) or chlorine (Cl) also modulate ABA concentrations. To answer this question, a hydroponic study on maize (Zea mays) was established, by exposing plants to 50mM of sodium glucosamide or glucosamine chloride. The effect of both ions on ABA was investigated in an early stage before (i) the salt ions accumulated to toxic tissue concentrations and before (ii) cells dehydrated. This allowed studying early responses to Na and Cl separately, well before plants were stressed by these ions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to quantify ABA concentrations in roots and in leaves after a period of 2h after ion application. The transcript abundance of the key regulatory enzyme of the biosynthesis of ABA in maize, the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene viviparous 14, was quantified via real-time quantitative-reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction. The results reveal that Cl and Na induce the increase of leaf tissue ABA concentrations at two hours after plants were exposed to 50mM of the ions. Surprisingly, this effect was more pronounced in response to the Cl component. The increase in the guard-cell regulating ABA concentration correlated with a reduced transpiration. Mainly because of this result we suggest that the early accumulation of ABA is useful in maintaining cell turgor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Lentzeallee, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gyöngyi Bárdos
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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115
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Liao Y, Bai Q, Xu P, Wu T, Guo D, Peng Y, Zhang H, Deng X, Chen X, Luo M, Ali A, Wang W, Wu X. Mutation in Rice Abscisic Acid2 Results in Cell Death, Enhanced Disease-Resistance, Altered Seed Dormancy and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:405. [PMID: 29643863 PMCID: PMC5882781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants display spontaneous cell death, and thus are valuable for understanding the molecular mechanism of cell death and disease resistance. Although a lot of such mutants have been characterized in rice, the relationship between lesion formation and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis pathway is not reported. In the present study, we identified a rice mutant, lesion mimic mutant 9150 (lmm9150), exhibiting spontaneous cell death, pre-harvest sprouting, enhanced growth, and resistance to rice bacterial and blast diseases. Cell death in the mutant was accompanied with excessive accumulation of H2O2. Enhanced disease resistance was associated with cell death and upregulation of defense-related genes. Map-based cloning identified a G-to-A point mutation resulting in a D-to-N substitution at the amino acid position 110 of OsABA2 (LOC_Os03g59610) in lmm9150. Knock-out of OsABA2 through CRISPR/Cas9 led to phenotypes similar to those of lmm9150. Consistent with the function of OsABA2 in ABA biosynthesis, ABA level in the lmm9150 mutant was significantly reduced. Moreover, exogenous application of ABA could rescue all the mutant phenotypes of lmm9150. Taken together, our data linked ABA deficiency to cell death and provided insight into the role of ABA in rice disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Que Bai
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Peizhou Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingkai Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiming Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongbin Peng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Asif Ali
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenming Wang, Xianjun Wu,
| | - Xianjun Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenming Wang, Xianjun Wu,
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116
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Huang Y, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang H, Wang F, Li D, Mao D, Luan S, Liang M, Chen L. 9- cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase 3 Regulates Plant Growth and Enhances Multi-Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:162. [PMID: 29559982 PMCID: PMC5845534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone that regulates seed dormancy, stomatal closure, plant development, as well as responses to environmental stimuli, the physiological mechanisms of ABA response to multiple stress in rice remain poorly understood. In the ABA biosynthetic pathway, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is the key rate-limiting enzyme. Here, we report important functions of OsNCED3 in multi-abiotic stress tolerance in rice. The OsNCED3 is constitutively expressed in various tissues under normal condition, Its expression is highly induced by NaCl, PEG, and H2O2 stress, suggesting the roles for OsNCED3 in response to the multi-abiotic stress tolerance in rice. Compared with wild-type plants, nced3 mutants had earlier seed germination, longer post-germination seedling growth, increased sensitivity to water stress and H2O2 stress and increased stomata aperture under water stress and delayed leaf senescence. Further analysis found that nced3 mutants contained lower ABA content compared with wild-type plants, overexpression of OsNCED3 in transgenic plants could enhance water stress tolerance, promote leaf senescence and increase ABA content. We conclude that OsNCED3 mediates seed dormancy, plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and leaf senescence by regulating ABA biosynthesis in rice; and may provide a new strategy for improving the quality of crop.
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117
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Pan Y, Hu X, Li C, Xu X, Su C, Li J, Song H, Zhang X, Pan Y. SlbZIP38, a Tomato bZIP Family Gene Downregulated by Abscisic Acid, Is a Negative Regulator of Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120402. [PMID: 29261143 PMCID: PMC5748720 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have crucial roles in plant stress responses. In this study, the bZIP family gene SlbZIP38 (GenBank accession No: XM004239373) was isolated from a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig) mature leaf cDNA library. The DNA sequence of SlbZIP38 encodes a protein of 484 amino acids, including a highly conserved bZIP DNA-binding domain in the C-terminal region. We found that SlbZIP38 was differentially expressed in various organs of the tomato plant and was downregulated by drought, salt stress, and abscisic acid (ABA). However, overexpression of SlbZIP38 significantly decreased drought and salt stress tolerance in tomatoes (Ailsa Craig). The findings that SlbZIP38 overexpression reduced the chlorophyll and free proline content in leaves but increased the malondialdehyde content may explain the reduced drought and salt tolerance observed in these lines. These results suggest that SlbZIP38 is a negative regulator of drought and salt resistance that acts by modulating ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chenggang Su
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hongyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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118
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Watanabe K, Oda-Yamamizo C, Sage-Ono K, Ohmiya A, Ono M. Alteration of flower colour in Ipomoea nil through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4. Transgenic Res 2017; 27:25-38. [PMID: 29247330 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Japanese morning glory, Ipomoea nil, exhibits a variety of flower colours, except yellow, reflecting the accumulation of only trace amounts of carotenoids in the petals. In a previous study, we attributed this effect to the low expression levels of carotenogenic genes in the petals, but there may be other contributing factors. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), which cleaves specific double bonds of the polyene chains of carotenoids, in the regulation of carotenoid accumulation in the petals of I. nil. Using bioinformatics analysis, seven InCCD genes were identified in the I. nil genome. Sequencing and expression analyses indicated potential involvement of InCCD4 in carotenoid degradation in the petals. Successful knockout of InCCD4 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the white-flowered cultivar I. nil cv. AK77 caused the white petals to turn pale yellow. The total amount of carotenoids in the petals of ccd4 plants was increased 20-fold relative to non-transgenic plants. This result indicates that in the petals of I. nil, not only low carotenogenic gene expression but also carotenoid degradation leads to extremely low levels of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chihiro Oda-Yamamizo
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan.,Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kimiyo Sage-Ono
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Akemi Ohmiya
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Ono
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. .,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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119
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Sussmilch FC, McAdam SAM. Surviving a Dry Future: Abscisic Acid (ABA)-Mediated Plant Mechanisms for Conserving Water under Low Humidity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E54. [PMID: 29113039 PMCID: PMC5750630 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiosperms are able to respond rapidly to the first sign of dry conditions, a decrease in air humidity, more accurately described as an increase in the vapor pressure deficit between the leaf and the atmosphere (VPD), by abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure. The genes underlying this response offer valuable candidates for targeted selection of crop varieties with improved drought tolerance, a critical goal for current plant breeding programs, to maximize crop production in drier and increasingly marginalized environments, and meet the demands of a growing population in the face of a changing climate. Here, we review current understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning ABA-mediated stomatal closure, a key means for conserving water under dry conditions, examine how these mechanisms evolved, and discuss what remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Curá JA, Franz DR, Filosofía JE, Balestrasse KB, Burgueño LE. Inoculation with Azospirillum sp. and Herbaspirillum sp. Bacteria Increases the Tolerance of Maize to Drought Stress. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E41. [PMID: 28933739 PMCID: PMC5620632 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress drought is an important abiotic factor that leads to immense losses in crop yields around the world. Strategies are urgently needed to help plants adapt to drought in order to mitigate crop losses. Here we investigated the bioprotective effects of inoculating corn grown under drought conditions with two types of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), A. brasilense, strain SP-7, and H. seropedicae, strain Z-152. Plants inoculated with the bacteria were grown in a greenhouse with perlite as a substrate. Two hydric conditions were tested: normal well-watered conditions and drought conditions. Compared to control non-inoculated plants, those that were inoculated with PGPR bacteria showed a higher tolerance to the negative effects of water stress in drought conditions, with higher biomass production; higher carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll levels; and lower levels of abscisic acid and ethylene, which are plant hormones that affect the stress response. The oxidative stress levels of these plants were similar to those of non-inoculated plants grown in well-watered conditions, showing fewer injuries to the cell membrane. We also noted higher relative water content in the vegetal tissue and better osmoregulation in drought conditions in inoculated plants, as reflected by significantly lower proline content. Finally, we observed lower gene expression of ZmVP14 in the inoculated plants; notably, ZmVP14 is involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid. Taken together, these results demonstrate that these bacteria could be used to help plants cope with the negative effects of drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alfredo Curá
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.
| | - Diego Reinaldo Franz
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.
| | - Julián Ezequiel Filosofía
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.
| | - Karina Beatríz Balestrasse
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.
| | - Lautaro Exequiel Burgueño
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.
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121
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Yang YZ, Ding S, Wang Y, Li CL, Shen Y, Meeley R, McCarty DR, Tan BC. Small kernel2 Encodes a Glutaminase in Vitamin B 6 Biosynthesis Essential for Maize Seed Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1127-1138. [PMID: 28408540 PMCID: PMC5462003 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B6, an essential cofactor for a range of biochemical reactions and a potent antioxidant, plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Vitamin B6 deficiency causes embryo lethality in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but the specific role of vitamin B6 biosynthesis in endosperm development has not been fully addressed, especially in monocot crops, where endosperm constitutes the major portion of the grain. Through molecular characterization of a small kernel2 (smk2) mutant in maize, we reveal that vitamin B6 has differential effects on embryogenesis and endosperm development in maize. The B6 vitamer pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is drastically reduced in both the smk2 embryo and the endosperm. However, whereas embryogenesis of the smk2 mutant is arrested at the transition stage, endosperm formation is nearly normal. Cloning reveals that Smk2 encodes the glutaminase subunit of the PLP synthase complex involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis de novo. Smk2 partially complements the Arabidopsis vitamin B6-deficient mutant pdx2.1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyridoxine auxotrophic mutant MML21. Smk2 is constitutively expressed in the maize plant, including developing embryos. Analysis of B6 vitamers indicates that the endosperm accumulates a large amount of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). These results indicate that vitamin B6 is essential to embryogenesis but has a reduced role in endosperm development in maize. The vitamin B6 required for seed development is synthesized in the seed, and the endosperm accumulates PMP probably as a storage form of vitamin B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhuo Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.)
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
| | - Shuo Ding
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.)
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.)
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
| | - Cui-Ling Li
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.)
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
| | - Yun Shen
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.)
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
| | - Robert Meeley
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.)
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.)
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China (Y.-Z.Y., S.D., Y.W., C.-L.L., Y.S., B.-C.T.);
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004 (R.M.); and
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.R.M.)
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122
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Chao WS, Doğramacı M, Horvath DP, Anderson JV, Foley ME. Comparison of phytohormone levels and transcript profiles during seasonal dormancy transitions in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:281-302. [PMID: 28365837 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous perennial weed that maintains its perennial growth habit through generation of underground adventitious buds (UABs) on the crown and lateral roots. These UABs undergo seasonal phases of dormancy under natural conditions, namely para-, endo-, and ecodormancy in summer, fall, and winter, respectively. These dormancy phases can also be induced in growth chambers by manipulating photoperiod and temperature. In this study, UABs induced into the three phases of dormancy under controlled conditions were used to compare changes in phytohormone and transcriptome profiles. Results indicated that relatively high levels of ABA, the ABA metabolite PA, and IAA were found in paradormant buds. When UABs transitioned from para- to endodormancy, ABA and PA levels decreased, whereas IAA levels were maintained. Additionally, transcript profiles associated with regulation of soluble sugars and ethylene activities were also increased during para- to endodormancy transition, which may play some role in maintaining endodormancy status. When crown buds transitioned from endo- to ecodormancy, the ABA metabolites PA and DPA decreased significantly along with the down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis genes, ABA2 and NCED3. IAA levels were also significantly lower in ecodormant buds than that of endodormant buds. We hypothesize that extended cold treatment may trigger physiological stress in endodormant buds, and that these stress-associated signals induced the endo- to ecodormancy transition and growth competence. The up-regulation of NAD/NADH phosphorylation and dephosphorylation pathway, and MAF3-like and GRFs genes, may be considered as markers of growth competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun S Chao
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Münevver Doğramacı
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - David P Horvath
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - James V Anderson
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Michael E Foley
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
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123
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Sui X, Weitz AC, Farquhar ER, Badiee M, Banerjee S, von Lintig J, Tochtrop GP, Palczewski K, Hendrich MP, Kiser PD. Structure and Spectroscopy of Alkene-Cleaving Dioxygenases Containing an Atypically Coordinated Non-Heme Iron Center. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2836-2852. [PMID: 28493664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) are non-heme iron enzymes that catalyze scission of alkene groups in carotenoids and stilbenoids to form biologically important products. CCOs possess a rare four-His iron center whose resting-state structure and interaction with substrates are incompletely understood. Here, we address this knowledge gap through a comprehensive structural and spectroscopic study of three phyletically diverse CCOs. The crystal structure of a fungal stilbenoid-cleaving CCO, CAO1, reveals strong similarity between its iron center and those of carotenoid-cleaving CCOs, but with a markedly different substrate-binding cleft. These enzymes all possess a five-coordinate high-spin Fe(II) center with resting-state Fe-His bond lengths of ∼2.15 Å. This ligand set generates an iron environment more electropositive than those of other non-heme iron dioxygenases as observed by Mössbauer isomer shifts. Dioxygen (O2) does not coordinate iron in the absence of substrate. Substrates bind away (∼4.7 Å) from the iron and have little impact on its electronic structure, thus excluding coordination-triggered O2 binding. However, substrate binding does perturb the spectral properties of CCO Fe-NO derivatives, indicating proximate organic substrate and O2-binding sites, which might influence Fe-O2 interactions. Together, these data provide a robust description of the CCO iron center and its interactions with substrates and substrate mimetics that illuminates commonalities as well as subtle and profound structural differences within the CCO family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Andrew C Weitz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Erik R Farquhar
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States.,Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4988, United States
| | - Mohsen Badiee
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States.,Northeastern Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Gregory P Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University , 1819 East 101st Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Philip D Kiser
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center , 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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124
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Macho-Rivero MÁ, Camacho-Cristóbal JJ, Herrera-Rodríguez MB, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S, González-Fontes A. Abscisic acid and transpiration rate are involved in the response to boron toxicity in Arabidopsis plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:21-32. [PMID: 27935108 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for vascular plant development, but its toxicity is a major problem affecting crop yields in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. In the literature, several genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and responses are upregulated in Arabidopsis roots after treatment with excess B. It is known that the AtNCED3 gene, which encodes a crucial enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, plays a key role in the plant response to drought stress. In this study, root AtNCED3 expression and shoot ABA content were rapidly increased in wild-type plants upon B-toxicity treatment. The Arabidopsis ABA-deficient nced3-2 mutant had higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and accumulated more B in their shoots than wild-type plants, facts that were associated with the lower levels of ABA in this mutant. However, in wild-type plants, B toxicity caused a significant reduction in stomatal conductance, resulting in a decreased transpiration rate. This response could be a mechanism to limit the transport of excess B from the roots to the leaves under B toxicity. In agreement with the higher transpiration rate of the nced3-2 mutant, this genotype showed an increased leaf B concentration and damage upon exposure to 5 mM B. Under B toxicity, ABA application decreased B accumulation in wild-type and nced3-2 plants. In summary, this work shows that excess B applied to the roots leads to rapid changes in AtNCED3 expression and gas exchange parameters that would contribute to restrain the B entry into the leaves, this effect being mediated by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Macho-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan José Camacho-Cristóbal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín González-Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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125
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Sussmilch FC, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants? JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:240-260. [PMID: 28093875 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of active stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficit, mediated by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), has been the subject of recent debate. Two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal control suggests that stomata evolved active, ABA-mediated control of stomatal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior to the divergence of bryophyte and vascular plant lineages. In contrast, a gradualistic model for stomatal control proposes that the most basal vascular plant stomata responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This model suggests that active ABA-driven mechanisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culminating in the complex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, including recent work that provides critical molecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic model for stomatal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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126
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Chen Y, Li J, Fan K, Du Y, Ren Z, Xu J, Zheng J, Liu Y, Fu J, Ren D, Wang G. Mutations in the maize zeta-carotene desaturase gene lead to viviparous kernel. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174270. [PMID: 28339488 PMCID: PMC5365113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preharvest sprouting reduces the maize quality and causes a significant yield loss in maize production. vp-wl2 is a Mutator (Mu)-induced viviparous mutant in maize, causing white or pale yellow kernels, dramatically reduced carotenoid and ABA content, and a high level of zeta-carotene accumulation. Here, we reported the cloning of the vp-wl2 gene using a modified digestion-ligation-amplification method (DLA). The results showed that an insertion of Mu9 in the first intron of the zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS) gene results in the vp-wl2 mutation. Previous studies have suggested that ZDS is likely the structural gene of the viviparous9 (vp9) locus. Therefore, we performed an allelic test using vp-wl2 and three vp9 mutants. The results showed that vp-wl2 is a novel allele of the vp9 locus. In addition, the sequences of ZDS gene were identified in these three vp9 alleles. The vp-wl2 mutant gene was subsequently introgressed into four maize inbred lines, and a viviparous phenotype was observed with yield losses from 7.69% to 13.33%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiankun Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijian Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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127
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Vishwakarma K, Upadhyay N, Kumar N, Yadav G, Singh J, Mishra RK, Kumar V, Verma R, Upadhyay RG, Pandey M, Sharma S. Abscisic Acid Signaling and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review on Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:161. [PMID: 28265276 PMCID: PMC5316533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is one of the severe stresses of environment that lowers the growth and yield of any crop even on irrigated land throughout the world. A major phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential part in acting toward varied range of stresses like heavy metal stress, drought, thermal or heat stress, high level of salinity, low temperature, and radiation stress. Its role is also elaborated in various developmental processes including seed germination, seed dormancy, and closure of stomata. ABA acts by modifying the expression level of gene and subsequent analysis of cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements of responsive promoters. It also interacts with the signaling molecules of processes involved in stress response and development of seeds. On the whole, the stress to a plant can be susceptible or tolerant by taking into account the coordinated activities of various stress-responsive genes. Numbers of transcription factor are involved in regulating the expression of ABA responsive genes by acting together with their respective cis-acting elements. Hence, for improvement in stress-tolerance capacity of plants, it is necessary to understand the mechanism behind it. On this ground, this article enlightens the importance and role of ABA signaling with regard to various stresses as well as regulation of ABA biosynthetic pathway along with the transcription factors for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Gaurav Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Rohit K. Mishra
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity UniversityNoida, India
| | - Rishi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - R. G. Upadhyay
- V.C.S.G Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and ForestryRanichauri, India
| | - Mayank Pandey
- Department of computer Science and Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
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128
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Structure and Origin of the White Cap Locus and Its Role in Evolution of Grain Color in Maize. Genetics 2017; 206:135-150. [PMID: 28159756 PMCID: PMC5419465 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.198911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for yellow- and white-grain types has been central to postdomestication improvement of maize. While genetic control of carotenoid biosynthesis in endosperm is attributed primarily to the Yellow1 (Y1) phytoene synthase gene, less is known about the role of the dominant white endosperm factor White Cap (Wc). We show that the Wc locus contains multiple, tandem copies of a Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (Ccd1) gene that encodes a carotenoid-degrading enzyme. A survey of 111 maize inbreds and landraces, together with 22 teosinte accessions, reveals that Wc is exclusive to maize, where it is prevalent in white-grain (y1) varieties. Moreover, Ccd1 copy number varies extensively among Wc alleles (from 1 to 23 copies), and confers a proportional range of Ccd1 expression in diverse organs. We propose that this dynamic source of quantitative variation in Ccd1 expression was created in maize shortly after domestication by a two-step, Tam3L transposon-mediated process. First, a chromosome segment containing Ccd1 and several nearby genes duplicated at a position 1.9 Mb proximal to the progenitor Ccd1r locus on chromosome 9. Second, a subsequent interaction of Tam3L transposons at the new locus created a 28-kb tandem duplication, setting up expansion of Ccd1 copy number by unequal crossing over. In this way, transposon-mediated variation in copy number at the Wc locus generated phenotypic variation that provided a foundation for breeding and selection of white-grain color in maize.
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129
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Shi F, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Qiu D. Overexpression of the PeaT1 Elicitor Gene from Alternaria tenuissima Improves Drought Tolerance in Rice Plants via Interaction with a Myo-Inositol Oxygenase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:970. [PMID: 28649255 PMCID: PMC5465376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, especially drought, seriously threaten cereal crops yields and quality. In this study, we observed that the rice plants of overexpression the Alternariatenuissima PeaT1 gene showed enhanced drought stress tolerance and increased the survival rate following a drought treatment. In PeaT1-overexpressing (PeaT1OE) plants, abscisic acid and chlorophyll content significantly increased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased compared with the wild-type plants. Additionally, we confirmed that the transcript levels of drought-responsive genes, including OsAM1, OsLP2, and OsDST, were prominently lower in the PeaT1OE plants. In contrast, expression levels of genes encoding positive drought stress regulators including OsSKIPa, OsCPK9, OsNAC9, OSEREBP1, and OsTPKb were upregulated in PeaT1OE plants. Furthermore, combing the yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that PeaT1 could interact with amyo-inositol oxygenase (OsMIOX), which was verified by pull-down assay. Interestingly, OsMIOX was highly expressed in PeaT1OE plants during the drought treatment. Additionally, the OsMIOX-GFP fusion protein co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker in tobacco protoplasts, suggesting OsMIOX performs its function in ER. Therefore, our results are useful for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the improvement of drought tolerance by PeaT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fachao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yijie Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiufeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dewen Qiu,
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130
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Li P, Cao W, Fang H, Xu S, Yin S, Zhang Y, Lin D, Wang J, Chen Y, Xu C, Yang Z. Transcriptomic Profiling of the Maize ( Zea mays L.) Leaf Response to Abiotic Stresses at the Seedling Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:290. [PMID: 28298920 PMCID: PMC5331654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat, and cold, negatively affect maize (Zea mays L.) development and productivity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to abiotic stresses in maize, RNA-seq was used for global transcriptome profiling of B73 seedling leaves exposed to drought, salinity, heat, and cold stress. A total of 5,330 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in differential comparisons between the control and each stressed sample, with 1,661, 2,019, 2,346, and 1,841 DEGs being identified in comparisons of the control with salinity, drought, heat, and cold stress, respectively. Functional annotations of DEGs suggested that the stress response was mediated by pathways involving hormone metabolism and signaling, transcription factors (TFs), very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid signaling, among others. Of the obtained DEGs (5,330), 167 genes are common to these four abiotic stresses, including 10 up-regulated TFs (five ERFs, two NACs, one ARF, one MYB, and one HD-ZIP) and two down-regulated TFs (one b-ZIP and one MYB-related), which suggested that common mechanisms may be initiated in response to different abiotic stresses in maize. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of maize leaf responses to abiotic stresses and could be useful for developing maize cultivars resistant to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenwu Xu
- *Correspondence: Zefeng Yang, Chenwu Xu,
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131
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Awan SZ, Chandler JO, Harrison PJ, Sergeant MJ, Bugg TDH, Thompson AJ. Promotion of Germination Using Hydroxamic Acid Inhibitors of 9- cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:357. [PMID: 28373878 PMCID: PMC5357653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits seed germination and the regulation of ABA biosynthesis has a role in maintenance of seed dormancy. The key rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis is catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Two hydroxamic acid inhibitors of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), D4 and D7, previously found to inhibit CCD and NCED in vitro, are shown to have the novel property of decreasing mean germination time of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds constitutively overexpressing LeNCED1. Post-germination, D4 exhibited no negative effects on tomato seedling growth in terms of height, dry weight, and fresh weight. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds containing a tetracycline-inducible LeNCED1 transgene were used to show that germination could be negatively and positively controlled through the chemical induction of gene expression and the chemical inhibition of the NCED protein: application of tetracycline increased mean germination time and delayed hypocotyl emergence in a similar manner to that observed when exogenous ABA was applied and this was reversed by D4 when NCED expression was induced at intermediate levels. D4 also improved germination in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds under thermoinhibitory temperatures and in tomato seeds imbibed in high osmolarity solutions of polyethylene glycol. D4 reduced ABA and dihydrophaseic acid accumulation in tomato seeds overexpressing LeNCED1 and reduced ABA accumulation in wild type tomato seeds imbibed on polyethylene glycol. The evidence supports a mode of action of D4 through NCED inhibition, and this molecule provides a lead compound for the design of NCED inhibitors with greater specificity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Z. Awan
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
| | - Jake O. Chandler
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield UniversityCranfield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield UniversityCranfield, UK
- *Correspondence: Andrew J. Thompson
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Negative feedback regulation of ABA biosynthesis in peanut (Arachis hypogaea): a transcription factor complex inhibits AhNCED1 expression during water stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37943. [PMID: 27892506 PMCID: PMC5124963 DOI: 10.1038/srep37943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), a key plant stress-signaling hormone, is produced in response to drought and counteracts the effects of this stress. The accumulation of ABA is controlled by the enzyme 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). In Arabidopsis, NCED3 is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism by ABA. In this study in peanut (Arachis hypogaea), we demonstrate that ABA biosynthesis is also controlled by negative feedback regulation, mediated by the inhibitory effect on AhNCED1 transcription of a protein complex between transcription factors AhNAC2 and AhAREB1. AhNCED1 was significantly down-regulated after PEG treatment for 10 h, at which time ABA content reached a peak. A ChIP-qPCR assay confirmed AhAREB1 and AhNAC2 binding to the AhNCED1 promoter in response to ABA. Moreover, the interaction between AhAREB1 and AhNAC2, and a transient expression assay showed that the protein complex could negatively regulate the expression of AhNCED1. The results also demonstrated that AhAREB1 was the key factor in AhNCED1 feedback regulation, while AhNAC2 played a subsidiary role. ABA reduced the rate of AhAREB1 degradation and enhanced both the synthesis and degradation rate of the AhNAC2 protein. In summary, the AhAREB1/AhNAC2 protein complex functions as a negative feedback regulator of drought-induced ABA biosynthesis in peanut.
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133
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Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Rodrigo MJ, Avalos J, Limón MC. Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases from Microbes and Photosynthetic Organisms: Features and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1781. [PMID: 27792173 PMCID: PMC5133782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are carotenoid-derived compounds widespread in all major taxonomic groups, where they play important roles in different physiological processes. In addition, apocarotenoids include compounds with high economic value in food and cosmetics industries. Apocarotenoid biosynthesis starts with the action of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), a family of non-heme iron enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds in carotenoid backbones through a similar molecular mechanism, generating aldehyde or ketone groups in the cleaving ends. From the identification of the first CCD enzyme in plants, an increasing number of CCDs have been identified in many other species, including microorganisms, proving to be a ubiquitously distributed and evolutionarily conserved enzymatic family. This review focuses on CCDs from plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, describing recent progress in their functions and regulatory mechanisms in relation to the different roles played by the apocarotenoids in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - María J Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Javier Avalos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Limón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Ma H, Wang S. Histidine Regulates Seed Oil Deposition through Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and β-Oxidation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:848-857. [PMID: 27493214 PMCID: PMC5047104 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The storage compounds are deposited into plant seeds during maturation. As the model oilseed species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has long been studied for seed oil deposition. However, the regulation of this process remains unclear. Through genetic screen with a seed oil body-specific reporter, we isolated low oil1 (loo1) mutant. LOO1 was mapped to HISTIDINE BIOSYNTHESIS NUMBER 1A (HISN1A). HISN1A catalyzes the first step of His biosynthesis. Oil significantly decreased, and conversely proteins markedly increased in hisn1a mutants, indicating that HISN1A regulates both oil accumulation and the oil-protein balance. HISN1A was predominantly expressed in embryos and root tips. Accordingly, the hisn1a mutants exhibited developmental phenotype especially of seeds and roots. Transcriptional profiling displayed that β-oxidation was the major metabolic pathway downstream of HISN1A β-Oxidation was induced in hisn1a mutants, whereas it was reduced in 35S:HISN1A-transgenic plants. In plants, seed storage oil is broken-down by β-oxidation, which is controlled by abscisic acid (ABA). We found that His activated genes of ABA biosynthesis and correspondingly advanced ABA accumulation. Exogenous ABA rescued the defects of hisn1a mutants, whereas mutation of ABA DEFICIENT2, a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis, blocked the effect of His on β-oxidation, indicating that ABA mediates His regulation in β-oxidation. Intriguingly, structural analysis showed that a potential His-binding domain was present in the general amino acid sensors GENERAL CONTROL NON-DEREPRESSIBLE2 and PII, suggesting that His may serve as a signal molecule. Taken together, our study reveals that His promotes plant seed oil deposition through ABA biosynthesis and β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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135
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Ma D, Ding H, Wang C, Qin H, Han Q, Hou J, Lu H, Xie Y, Guo T. Alleviation of Drought Stress by Hydrogen Sulfide Is Partially Related to the Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathway in Wheat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163082. [PMID: 27649534 PMCID: PMC5029883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Little information is available describing the effects of exogenous H2S on the ABA pathway in the acquisition of drought tolerance in wheat. In this study, we investigated the physiological parameters, the transcription levels of several genes involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism pathway, and the ABA and H2S contents in wheat leaves and roots under drought stress in response to exogenous NaHS treatment. The results showed that pretreatment with NaHS significantly increased plant height and the leaf relative water content of seedlings under drought stress. Compared with drought stress treatment alone, H2S application increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced MDA and H2O2 contents in both leaves and roots. NaHS pretreatment increased the expression levels of ABA biosynthesis and ABA reactivation genes in leaves; whereas the expression levels of ABA biosynthesis and ABA catabolism genes were up-regulated in roots. These results indicated that ABA participates in drought tolerance induced by exogenous H2S, and that the responses in leaves and roots are different. The transcription levels of genes encoding ABA receptors were up-regulated in response to NaHS pretreatment under drought conditions in both leaves and roots. Correspondingly, the H2S contents in leaves and roots were increased by NaHS pretreatment, while the ABA contents of leaves and roots decreased. This implied that there is complex crosstalk between these two signal molecules, and that the alleviation of drought stress by H2S, at least in part, involves the ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huina Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haixia Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiaoxia Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junfeng Hou
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongfang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 45002, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 45002, China
| | - Tiancai Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 45002, China
- * E-mail:
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136
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Kanjana W, Suzuki T, Ishii K, Kozaki T, Iigo M, Yamane K. Transcriptome analysis of seed dormancy after rinsing and chilling in ornamental peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:575. [PMID: 27501791 PMCID: PMC4977653 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ornamental peaches cv. ‘Yaguchi’ (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) can be propagated via seeds. The establishment of efficient seed treatments for early germination and seedling growth is required to shorten nursery and breeding periods. It is important, therefore, to identify potential candidate genes responsible for the effects of rinsing and chilling on seed germination. We hypothesized that longer rinsing combined with chilling of seeds can alter the genes expression in related to dormancy and then raise the germination rate in the peach. To date, most molecular studies in peaches have involved structural genomics, and few transcriptome studies of seed germination have been conducted. In this study, we investigated the function of key seed dormancy-related genes using next-generation sequencing to profile the transcriptomes involved in seed dormancy in peaches. De novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome identified differentially expressed and unique genes present in this fruit. Results De novo RNA-sequencing of peach was performed using the Illumina Miseq 2000 system. Paired-end sequence from mRNAs generated high quality sequence reads (9,049,964, 10,026,362 and 10,101,918 reads) from ‘Yaguchi’ peach seeds before rinsed (BR) and after rinsed for 2 or 7 days with a chilling period of 4 weeks (termed 2D4W and 7D4W), respectively. The germination rate of 7D4W was significantly higher than that of 2D4W. In total, we obtained 51,366 unique sequences. Differential expression analysis identified 7752, 8469 and 506 differentially expressed genes from BR vs 2D4W, BR vs 7D4W and 2D4W vs 7D4W libraries respectively, filtered based on p-value and an adjusted false discovery rate of less than 0.05. This study identified genes associated with the rinsing and chilling process that included those associated with phytohormones, the stress response and transcription factors. 7D4W treatment downregulated genes involved in ABA synthesis, catabolism and signaling pathways, which eventually suppressed abscisic acid activity and consequently promoted germination and seedling growth. Stress response genes were also downregulated by the 7D4W treatment, suggesting that this treatment released seeds from endodormancy. Transcription factors were upregulated by the BR and 2D4W treatment, suggesting that they play important roles in maintaining seed dormancy. Conclusions This work indicated that longer rinsing combined with chilling affects gene expression and germination rate, and identified potential candidate genes responsible for dormancy progression in seeds of ‘Yaguchi’ peach. The results could be used to develop breeding programs and will aid future functional genomic research in peaches and other fruit trees. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2973-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worarad Kanjana
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Bioscience Education and Research Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ishii
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kozaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iigo
- Bioscience Education and Research Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamane
- Bioscience Education and Research Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan. .,Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
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137
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Son S, Chitnis VR, Liu A, Gao F, Nguyen TN, Ayele BT. Abscisic acid metabolic genes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): identification and insights into their functionality in seed dormancy and dehydration tolerance. PLANTA 2016; 244:429-47. [PMID: 27091738 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The three homeologues of wheat NCED2 were identified; the wheat NCED2A and CYP707A1B affect seed ABA level and dormancy but not leaf ABA level and transpirational water loss in Arabidopsis. Biosynthesis and catabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants are primarily regulated by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (ABA8'OH), respectively. The present study identified the complete coding sequences of a second NCED gene, designated as TaNCED2, and its homeologues (TaNCED2A, TaNCED2B and TaNCED2D) in hexaploid wheat, and characterized its functionality in seed dormancy and leaf dehydration tolerance using the TaNCED2A homeologue. The study also investigated the role of the B genome copy of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 707A1 (CYP707A1) gene of hexaploid wheat (TaCYP707A1B), which encodes ABA8'OH, in regulating the two traits as this has not been studied before. Ectopic expression of TaNCED2A and TaCYP707A1B in Arabidopsis resulted in altered seed ABA level and dormancy with no effect on leaf ABA content and transpirational water loss. To gain insights into the physiological roles of TaNCED2 and TaCYP707A1 in wheat, the study examined their spatiotemporal expression patterns and determined the genomic contributions of transcripts to their total expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungHyun Son
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vijaya R Chitnis
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in numerous physiological processes during plant growth and abiotic stress responses. The endogenous ABA level is controlled by complex regulatory mechanisms involving biosynthesis, catabolism, transport and signal transduction pathways. This complex regulatory network may target multiple levels, including transcription, translation and post-translational regulation of genes involved in ABA responses. Most of the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, catabolism and transport have been characterized. The local ABA concentration is critical for initiating ABA-mediated signalling during plant development and in response to environmental changes. In this chapter we discuss the mechanisms that regulate ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, transport and homoeostasis. We also present the findings of recent research on ABA perception by cellular receptors, and ABA signalling in response to cellular and environmental conditions.
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139
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 PMCID: PMC4855980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R. Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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141
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Atanasova-Penichon V, Barreau C, Richard-Forget F. Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites in Cereals: Potential Involvement in Resistance to Fusarium and Mycotoxin Accumulation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:566. [PMID: 27148243 PMCID: PMC4840282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rot and Fusarium Head Blight are major diseases affecting European cereals. These diseases are mainly caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus, primarily Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. These Fusarium species pose a serious threat to food safety because of their ability to produce a wide range of mycotoxins, including type B trichothecenes and fumonisins. Many factors such as environmental, agronomic or genetic ones may contribute to high levels of accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain and there is an urgent need to implement efficient and sustainable management strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. Actually, fungicides are not fully efficient to control the mycotoxin risk. In addition, because of harmful effects on human health and environment, their use should be seriously restricted in the near future. To durably solve the problem of mycotoxin accumulation, the breeding of tolerant genotypes is one of the most promising strategies for cereals. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to both Fusarium and mycotoxin contamination will shed light on plant-pathogen interactions and provide relevant information for improving breeding programs. Resistance to Fusarium depends on the plant ability in preventing initial infection and containing the development of the toxigenic fungi while resistance to mycotoxin contamination is also related to the capacity of plant tissues in reducing mycotoxin accumulation. This capacity can result from two mechanisms: metabolic transformation of the toxin into less toxic compounds and inhibition of toxin biosynthesis. This last mechanism involves host metabolites able to interfere with mycotoxin biosynthesis. This review aims at gathering the latest scientific advances that support the contribution of grain antioxidant secondary metabolites to the mechanisms of plant resistance to Fusarium and mycotoxin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Barreau
- MycSA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Villenave d'Ornon, France
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142
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Chao WS, Doğramaci M, Horvath DP, Anderson JV, Foley ME. Phytohormone balance and stress-related cellular responses are involved in the transition from bud to shoot growth in leafy spurge. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:47. [PMID: 26897527 PMCID: PMC4761131 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous weed that maintains a perennial growth pattern through seasonal production of abundant underground adventitious buds (UABs) on the crown and lateral roots. During the normal growing season, differentiation of bud to shoot growth is inhibited by physiological factors external to the affected structure; a phenomenon referred to as paradormancy. Initiation of shoot growth from paradormant UABs can be accomplished through removal of the aerial shoots (hereafter referred to as paradormancy release). RESULTS In this study, phytohormone abundance and the transcriptomes of paradormant UABs vs. shoot-induced growth at 6, 24, and 72 h after paradormancy release were compared based on hormone profiling and RNA-seq analyses. Results indicated that auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), and flavonoid signaling were involved in maintaining paradormancy in UABs of leafy spurge. However, auxin, ABA, and flavonoid levels/signals decreased by 6 h after paradormancy release, in conjunction with increase in gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin, jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, and brassinosteroid (BR) levels/signals. Twenty four h after paradormancy release, auxin and ABA levels/signals increased, in conjunction with increase in GA levels/signals. Major cellular changes were also identified in UABs at 24 h, since both principal component and Venn diagram analysis of transcriptomes clearly set the 24 h shoot-induced growth apart from other time groups. In addition, increase in auxin and ABA levels/signals and the down-regulation of 40 over-represented AraCyc pathways indicated that stress-derived cellular responses may be involved in the activation of stress-induced re-orientation required for initiation of shoot growth. Seventy two h after paradormancy release, auxin, cytokinin, and GA levels/signals were increased, whereas ABA, JA, and ethylene levels/signals were decreased. CONCLUSION Combined results were consistent with different phytohormone signals acting in concert to direct cellular changes involved in bud differentiation and shoot growth. In addition, shifts in balance of these phytohormones at different time points and stress-related cellular responses after paradormancy release appear to be critical factors driving transition of bud to shoot growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun S Chao
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Münevver Doğramaci
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - David P Horvath
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - James V Anderson
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Michael E Foley
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
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143
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Duan H, Lu X, Lian C, An Y, Xia X, Yin W. Genome-Wide Analysis of MicroRNA Responses to the Phytohormone Abscisic Acid in Populus euphratica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1184. [PMID: 27582743 PMCID: PMC4988358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of non-coding small RNA with a regulatory function at the posttranscriptional level in plant growth development and in response to abiotic stress. Previous studies have not reported on miRNAs responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) at a genome-wide level in Populus euphratica, a model tree for studying abiotic stress responses in woody plants. Here we analyzed the miRNA response to ABA at a genome-wide level in P. euphratica utilizing high-throughput sequencing. To systematically perform a genome-wide analysis of ABA-responsive miRNAs in P. euphratica, nine sRNA libraries derived from three groups (control, treated with ABA for 1 day and treated with ABA for 4 days) were constructed. Each group included three libraries from three individual plantlets as biological replicate. In total, 151 unique mature sequences belonging to 75 conserved miRNA families were identified, and 94 unique sequences were determined to be novel miRNAs, including 56 miRNAs with miRNA(*) sequences. In all, 31 conserved miRNAs and 31 novel miRNAs response to ABA significantly differed among the groups. In addition, 4132 target genes were predicted for the conserved and novel miRNAs. Confirmed by real-time qPCR, expression changes of miRNAs were inversely correlated with the expression profiles of their putative targets. The Populus special or novel miRNA-target interactions were predicted might be involved in some biological process related stress tolerance. Our analysis provides a comprehensive view of how P. euphratica miRNA respond to ABA, and moreover, different temporal dynamics were observed in different ABA-treated libraries.
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144
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Hamisch D, Kaufholdt D, Kuchernig JC, Bittner F, Mendel RR, Hänsch R, Popko J. Transgenic Poplar Plants for the Investigation of ABA-Dependent Salt and Drought Stress Adaptation in Trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2016.79128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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145
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Abstract
Carotenoids are precursors of carotenoid derived molecules termed apocarotenoids, which include isoprenoids with important functions in plant-environment interactions such as the attraction of pollinators and the defense against pathogens and herbivores. Apocarotenoids also include volatile aromatic compounds that act as repellents, chemoattractants, growth simulators and inhibitors, as well as the phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactones. In plants, apocarotenoids can be found in several types of plastids (etioplast, leucoplast and chromoplast) and among different plant tissues such as flowers and roots. The structural similarity of some flower and spice isoprenoid volatile organic compounds (β-ionone and safranal) to carotenoids has led to the recent discovery of carotenoid-specific cleavage oxygenases, including carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases and 9-cis-epoxydioxygenases, which tailor and transform carotenoids into apocarotenoids. The great diversity of apocarotenoids is a consequence of the huge amount of carotenoid precursors, the variations in specific cleavage sites and the modifications after cleavage. Lycopene, β-carotene and zeaxanthin are the precursors of the main apocarotenoids described to date, which include bixin, crocin, picrocrocin, abscisic acid, strigolactone and mycorradicin.The current chapter will give rise to an overview of the biosynthesis and function of the most important apocarotenoids in plants, as well as the current knowledge about the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase enzymes involved in these biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Stange
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile.
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146
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Lim CW, Baek W, Jung J, Kim JH, Lee SC. Function of ABA in Stomatal Defense against Biotic and Drought Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15251-70. [PMID: 26154766 PMCID: PMC4519898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants synthesize ABA in various organs and initiate defense mechanisms, such as the regulation of stomatal aperture and expression of defense-related genes conferring resistance to environmental stresses. The regulation of stomatal opening and closure is important to pathogen defense and control of transpirational water loss. Recent studies using a combination of approaches, including genetics, physiology, and molecular biology, have contributed considerably to our understanding of ABA signal transduction. A number of proteins associated with ABA signaling and responses—especially ABA receptors—have been identified. ABA signal transduction initiates signal perception by ABA receptors and transfer via downstream proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases. In the present review, we focus on the function of ABA in stomatal defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, through analysis of each ABA signal component and the relationships of these components in the complex network of interactions. In particular, two ABA signal pathway models in response to biotic and abiotic stress were proposed, from stress signaling to stomatal closure, involving the pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) or regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family proteins, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2-type protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jangho Jung
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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147
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Lim CW, Baek W, Jung J, Kim JH, Lee SC. Function of ABA in Stomatal Defense against Biotic and Drought Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15251-15270. [PMID: 26154766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16071525111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants synthesize ABA in various organs and initiate defense mechanisms, such as the regulation of stomatal aperture and expression of defense-related genes conferring resistance to environmental stresses. The regulation of stomatal opening and closure is important to pathogen defense and control of transpirational water loss. Recent studies using a combination of approaches, including genetics, physiology, and molecular biology, have contributed considerably to our understanding of ABA signal transduction. A number of proteins associated with ABA signaling and responses--especially ABA receptors--have been identified. ABA signal transduction initiates signal perception by ABA receptors and transfer via downstream proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases. In the present review, we focus on the function of ABA in stomatal defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, through analysis of each ABA signal component and the relationships of these components in the complex network of interactions. In particular, two ABA signal pathway models in response to biotic and abiotic stress were proposed, from stress signaling to stomatal closure, involving the pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) or regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family proteins, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2-type protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jangho Jung
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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148
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Priya R, Siva R. Analysis of phylogenetic and functional diverge in plant nine-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene family. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2015; 128:519-34. [PMID: 25929830 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During different environmental stress conditions, plant growth is regulated by the hormone abscisic acid (an apocarotenoid). In the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, the oxidative cleavage of cis-epoxycarotenoid catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is the crucial step. The NCED genes were isolated in numerous plant species and those genes were phylogenetically investigated to understand the evolution of NCED genes in various plant lineages comprising lycophyte, gymnosperm, dicot and monocot. A total of 93 genes were obtained from 48 plant species to statistically estimate their sequence conservation and functional divergence. Selaginella moellendorffii appeared to be evolutionarily distinct from those of the angiosperms, insisting the substantial influence of natural selection pressure on NCED genes. Further, using exon-intron structure analysis, the gene structures of NCED were found to be conserved across some species. In addition, the substitution rate ratio of non-synonymous (Ka) versus synonymous (Ks) mutations using the Bayesian inference approach, depicted the critical amino acid residues for functional divergence. A significant functional divergence was found between some subgroups through the co-efficient of type-I functional divergence. Our results suggest that the evolution of NCED genes occurred by duplication, diversification and exon intron loss events. The site-specific profile and functional diverge analysis revealed NCED genes might facilitate the tissue-specific functional divergence in NCED sub-families, that could combat different environmental stress conditions aiding plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Priya
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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149
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Liu J, He H, Vitali M, Visentin I, Charnikhova T, Haider I, Schubert A, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester HJ, Lovisolo C, Cardinale F. Osmotic stress represses strigolactone biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus roots: exploring the interaction between strigolactones and ABA under abiotic stress. PLANTA 2015; 241:1435-51. [PMID: 25716094 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone changes and cross talk with ABA unveil a picture of root-specific hormonal dynamics under stress. Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived hormones influencing diverse aspects of development and communication with (micro)organisms, and proposed as mediators of environmental stimuli in resource allocation processes; to contribute to adaptive adjustments, therefore, their pathway must be responsive to environmental cues. To investigate the relationship between SLs and abiotic stress in Lotus japonicus, we compared wild-type and SL-depleted plants, and studied SL metabolism in roots stressed osmotically and/or phosphate starved. SL-depleted plants showed increased stomatal conductance, both under normal and stress conditions, and impaired resistance to drought associated with slower stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid (ABA). This confirms that SLs contribute to drought resistance in species other than Arabidopsis. However, we also observed that osmotic stress rapidly and strongly decreased SL concentration in tissues and exudates of wild-type Lotus roots, by acting on the transcription of biosynthetic and transporter-encoding genes and independently of phosphate abundance. Pre-treatment with exogenous SLs inhibited the osmotic stress-induced ABA increase in wild-type roots and down-regulated the transcription of the ABA biosynthetic gene LjNCED2. We propose that a transcriptionally regulated, early SL decrease under osmotic stress is needed (but not sufficient) to allow the physiological increase of ABA in roots. This work shows that SL metabolism and effects on ABA are seemingly opposite in roots and shoots under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy,
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150
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Kondhare K, Farrell A, Kettlewell P, Hedden P, Monaghan J. Pre-maturity α-amylase in wheat: The role of abscisic acid and gibberellins. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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