101
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Krishnan A, Kloehn J, Lunghi M, Soldati-Favre D. Vitamin and cofactor acquisition in apicomplexans: Synthesis versus salvage. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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102
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Fonseca ECM, da Costa KS, Lameira J, Alves CN, Lima AH. Investigation of the target-site resistance of EPSP synthase mutants P106T and T102I/P106S against glyphosate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44352-44360. [PMID: 35517162 PMCID: PMC9058485 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) catalyzes the reaction involved in the production of amino acids essential for plant growth and survival. Thus, EPSPS is the main target of various herbicides, including glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide that acts as a competitive inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which is the natural substrate of EPSPS. However, punctual mutations in the EPSPS gene have led to glyphosate resistance in some plants. Here, we investigated the mechanism of EPSPS resistance to glyphosate in mutants of two weed species, Conyza sumatrensis (mutant, P106T) and Eleusine indica (mutant, T102I/P106S), both of which have an economic impact on industrial crops. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations revealed the influence of the mutations on the affinity of glyphosate in the PEP-binding site. The amino acid residues of the EPSPS protein in both species involved in glyphosate resistance were elucidated as well as other residues that could be useful for protein engineering. In addition, during MD simulations, we identified conformational changes in glyphosate when complexed with resistant EPSPS, related to loss of herbicide activity and binding affinity. Our computational findings are consistent with previous experimental results and clarify the inhibitory activity of glyphosate as well as the structural target-site resistance of EPSPS against glyphosate. Single or double EPSP synthase mutations lead glyphosate to undergo conformational changes that limit its inhibitory action.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. M. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - Kauê S. da Costa
- Instituto de Biodiversidade
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará
- Santarém
- Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - Cláudio Nahum Alves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - Anderson H. Lima
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
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103
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Kostopoulou S, Ntatsi G, Arapis G, Aliferis KA. Assessment of the effects of metribuzin, glyphosate, and their mixtures on the metabolism of the model plant Lemna minor L. applying metabolomics. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124582. [PMID: 31514011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical plant protection products (PPPs) is a major group of xenobiotics that are being released in the environment. Although the effects of individual active ingredients (a.i.) on organisms have been studied, information on those of mixtures, is fragmented. Aquatic environments are being polluted by PPPs, posing serious risks for the environment, human, and other organisms. Based on the potential of the model aquatic plant Lemna minor L. in the assessment of PPPs-caused stresses, we have undertaken the task of developing a metabolomics approach for the study of the effects of metribuzin and glyphosate, and their mixtures. Bioassays revealed that metribuzin exhibit higher toxicity than glyphosate and metabolomics highlighted corresponding changes in its metabolome. Treatments had a substantial impact on plants' amino acid pool, resulting in elevated levels of the majority of the identified amino acids. Results indicate that the increased proteolytic activity is a common effect of the a.i. and their mixtures. Additionally, the activation of salicylate-signaling pathways was recorded as a response to the toxicity caused by mixtures. Among the identified metabolites that were discovered as biomarkers were γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), salicylate, caffeate, α,α-trehalose, and squalene, which play multiple roles in plants' metabolism such as, signaling, antioxidant, and structure protection. No reports exist on the combined effects of PPPs on Lemna and results confirm the applicability of Lemna metabolomics in the study of the combined effects of herbicides and its potential in the monitoring of the environmental health of aquatic environments based on fluctuations of the plant's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kostopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Vegetable Production Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DEMETER, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece; Laboratory of Vegetable Production Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Arapis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece; Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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104
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Cao Y, Peng Q, Li S, Deng Z, Gao J. The intriguing biology and chemistry of fosfomycin: the only marketed phosphonate antibiotic. RSC Adv 2019; 9:42204-42218. [PMID: 35548698 PMCID: PMC9088020 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently infectious diseases caused by the increased emergence and rapid spread of drug-resistant bacterial isolates have been one of the main threats to global public health because of a marked surge in both morbidity and mortality. The only phosphonate antibiotic in the clinic, fosfomycin, is a small broad-spectrum molecule that effectively inhibits the initial step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis by blocking the enzyme, MurA in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. As fosfomycin has a novel mechanism of action, low toxicity, a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, excellent pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic properties, and good bioavailability, it has been approved for clinical use in the treatment of urinary tract bacterial infections in many countries for several decades. Furthermore, its potential use for difficult-to-treat bacterial infections has become promising, and fosfomycin has become an ideal candidate for the effective treatment of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant isolates, especially in combination with other therapeutic drugs. Here we aim to present an overview of the biology and chemistry of fosfomycin including isolation and characterization, pharmacology, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis since its discovery in order to not only help scientists reassess the role of this exciting drug in fighting antibiotic resistance but also build the stage for discovering more novel phosphonate antibiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Qingyao Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Shanni Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
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105
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Stosiek N, Terebieniec A, Ząbek A, Młynarz P, Cieśliński H, Klimek-Ochab M. N-phosphonomethylglycine utilization by the psychrotolerant yeast Solicoccozyma terricola M 3.1.4. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:102866. [PMID: 30902434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Solicoccozyma terricola M 3.1.4., the yeast strain isolated from soil sample from blueberry cultivation in Miedzyrzec Podlaski in Poland, is capable to split of phosphorus to nitrogen and nitrogen to carbon bonds in N-phosphonomethylglycine (PMG, glyphosate). The biodegradation process proceeds in the phosphate-independent manner. It is the first example of a psychrotolerant yeast strain able to degrade PMG via CN bond cleavage accompanied by AMPA formation and not like in most microorganisms via CP bond disruption followed by the sarcosine pathway. Glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX) type activity was detected in cell-free extracts prepared from S. terricola M 3.1.4. pregrown on 4 mM PMG as a sole phosphorus and nitrogen source in cultivation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stosiek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Terebieniec
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Ząbek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland; PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Cieśliński
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Ochab
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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106
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Rueda-Ruzafa L, Cruz F, Roman P, Cardona D. Gut microbiota and neurological effects of glyphosate. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:1-8. [PMID: 31442459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are currently various concerns regarding certain environmental toxins and the possible impact they can have on developmental diseases. Glyphosate (Gly) is the most utilised herbicide in agriculture, although its widespread use is generating controversy in the scientific world because of its probable carcinogenic effect on human cells. Gly performs as an inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phospate synthase (EPSP synthase), not only in plants, but also in bacteria. An inhibiting effect on EPSP synthase from intestinal microbiota has been reported, affecting mainly beneficial bacteria. To the contrary, Clostridium spp. and Salmonella strains are shown to be resistant to Gly. Consequently, researchers have suggested that Gly can cause dysbiosis, a phenomenon which is characterised by an imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. The overgrowth of bacteria such as clostridia generates high levels of noxious metabolites in the brain, which can contribute to the development of neurological deviations. This work reviews the impact of Gly-induced intestinal dysbiosis on the central nervous system, focusing on emotional, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. A wide variety of factors were investigated in relation to brain-related changes, including highlighting genetic abnormalities, pregnancy-associated problems, diet, infections, vaccines and heavy metals. However, more studies are required to determine the implication of the most internationally used herbicide, Gly, in behavioural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology- CINBIO, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Pablo Roman
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Health Sciences Research Group (CTS-451). University of Almería, Spain; Health Research Center. University of Almería, Spain.
| | - Diana Cardona
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center. University of Almería, Spain; Research Center for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology BITAL, Universidad de Almería, Spain
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107
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Evolution of Target-Site Resistance to Glyphosate in an Amaranthus palmeri Population from Argentina and Its Expression at Different Plant Growth Temperatures. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110512. [PMID: 31744154 PMCID: PMC6918357 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and expression of resistance to glyphosate at different plant growing temperatures was investigated in an Amaranthus palmeri population (VM1) from a soybean field in Vicuña Mackenna, Cordoba, Argentina. Resistance was not due to reduced glyphosate translocation to the meristem or to EPSPS duplication, as reported for most US samples. In contrast, a proline 106 to serine target-site mutation acting additively with EPSPS over-expression (1.8-fold increase) was respectively a major and minor contributor to glyphosate resistance in VM1. Resistance indices based on LD50 values generated using progenies from a cross between 52 PS106 VM1 individuals were estimated at 7.1 for homozygous SS106 and 4.3 for heterozygous PS106 compared with homozygous wild PP106 plants grown at a medium temperature of 24 °C day/18 °C night. A larger proportion of wild and mutant progenies survived a single commonly employed glyphosate rate when maintained at 30 °C day/26 °C night compared with 20 °C day/16 night in a subsequent experiment. Interestingly, the P106S mutation was not identified in any of the 920 plants analysed from 115 US populations, thereby potentially reflecting the difference in A. palmeri control practices in Argentina and USA.
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108
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Moscoso CG, Potz KR, Tan S, Jacobson PA, Berger KM, Steer CJ. Precision medicine, agriculture, and genome editing: science and ethics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1465:59-75. [PMID: 31721233 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The era of precision medicine has generated advances in various fields of science and medicine with the potential for a paradigm shift in healthcare delivery that will ultimately lead to an individualized approach to medicine. Such timely topics were explored in 2018 at a workshop held at the Third International Conference on One Medicine One Science (iCOMOS), in Minneapolis, Minnesota. A broad range of scientists and regulatory experts provided detailed insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with precision medicine and gene editing. There was a general consensus that advances in studying the genomic traits driving differential pharmacogenomics will undoubtedly enhance individualized treatments for a wide variety of diseases. Ethical considerations, societal implications, approaches for prioritizing safe and secure use of treatment modalities, and the advent of high-throughput computing and analysis of large, complex datasets were discussed. Large biobanks, such as the All of Us Research Program and the Veterans Affairs Million Veterans Program, can aid studies of various conditions in massive cohorts of patients. As the applications of precision medicine continue to mature, the full potential and promise of these individualized approaches will continue to yield important advances in transplant medicine, oncology, public health, agriculture, pharmacology, and bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Moscoso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kelly R Potz
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shaoyuan Tan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Pamala A Jacobson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Clifford J Steer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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109
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Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110469. [PMID: 31683943 PMCID: PMC6918315 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitness cost, and environmental conditions. The detrimental effects of herbicide resistance mutations on plant fitness may arise as a direct impact on fitness-related traits and/or coevolution with changes in other life history traits that ultimately may lead to fitness costs under particular ecological conditions. This brings the idea that a “lower adaptive value” of herbicide resistance mutations represents an opportunity for the design of resistance management practices that could minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance. It is evident that the challenge for weed management practices aiming to control, minimize, or even reverse the frequency of resistance mutations in the agricultural landscape is to “create” those agroecological conditions that could expose, exploit, and exacerbate those life history and/or fitness traits affecting the evolution of herbicide resistance mutations. Ideally, resistance management should implement a wide range of cultural practices leading to environmentally mediated fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations.
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110
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Han YJ, Kim JI. Application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing for the development of herbicide-resistant plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 13:447-457. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-019-00575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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111
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Murphy BP, Tranel PJ. Target-Site Mutations Conferring Herbicide Resistance. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100382. [PMID: 31569336 PMCID: PMC6843678 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mutations conferring evolved herbicide resistance in weeds are known in nine different herbicide sites of action. This review summarizes recently reported resistance-conferring mutations for each of these nine target sites. One emerging trend is an increase in reports of multiple mutations, including multiple amino acid changes at the glyphosate target site, as well as mutations involving two nucleotide changes at a single amino acid codon. Standard reference sequences are suggested for target sites for which standards do not already exist. We also discuss experimental approaches for investigating cross-resistance patterns and for investigating fitness costs of specific target-site mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent P Murphy
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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112
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Lepore R, Kryshtafovych A, Alahuhta M, Veraszto HA, Bomble YJ, Bufton JC, Bullock AN, Caba C, Cao H, Davies OR, Desfosses A, Dunne M, Fidelis K, Goulding CW, Gurusaran M, Gutsche I, Harding CJ, Hartmann MD, Hayes CS, Joachimiak A, Leiman PG, Loppnau P, Lovering AL, Lunin VV, Michalska K, Mir-Sanchis I, Mitra AK, Moult J, Phillips GN, Pinkas DM, Rice PA, Tong Y, Topf M, Walton JD, Schwede T. Target highlights in CASP13: Experimental target structures through the eyes of their authors. Proteins 2019; 87:1037-1057. [PMID: 31442339 PMCID: PMC6851490 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The functional and biological significance of selected CASP13 targets are described by the authors of the structures. The structural biologists discuss the most interesting structural features of the target proteins and assess whether these features were correctly reproduced in the predictions submitted to the CASP13 experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Lepore
- BSC-CNS Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Markus Alahuhta
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
| | - Harshul A Veraszto
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yannick J Bomble
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
| | - Joshua C Bufton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cody Caba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongnan Cao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Owen R Davies
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ambroise Desfosses
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthew Dunne
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Celia W Goulding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Irina Gutsche
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marcus D Hartmann
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher S Hayes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petr G Leiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Peter Loppnau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Vladimir V Lunin
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
| | - Karolina Michalska
- Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne
| | - Ignacio Mir-Sanchis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - A K Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Moult
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular genetics, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel M Pinkas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Phoebe A Rice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yufeng Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maya Topf
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Walton
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Torsten Schwede
- Biozentrum University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Biozentrum University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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113
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Döring J, Rettke D, Rödel G, Pompe T, Ostermann K. Surface Functionalization by Hydrophobin-EPSPS Fusion Protein Allows for the Fast and Simple Detection of Glyphosate. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E104. [PMID: 31470576 PMCID: PMC6784374 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most widely used pesticide worldwide, is under debate due to its potentially cancerogenic effects and harmful influence on biodiversity and environment. Therefore, the detection of glyphosate in water, food or environmental probes is of high interest. Currently detection of glyphosate usually requires specialized, costly instruments, is labor intensive and time consuming. Here we present a fast and simple method to detect glyphosate in the nanomolar range based on the surface immobilization of glyphosate's target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) via fusion to the hydrophobin Ccg2 and determination of enzyme activity with a malachite green assay, which is a common photometric technique to measure inorganic phosphate (Pi). The assay demonstrates a new approach for a fast and simple detection of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Döring
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany.
| | - David Rettke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rödel
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Ostermann
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
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114
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Cha JY, Lee DY, Ali I, Jeong SY, Shin B, Ji H, Kim JS, Kim MG, Kim WY. Arabidopsis GIGANTEA negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to herbicide butafenacil. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:793-801. [PMID: 30968200 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis GI negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to the herbicide butafenacil by enhanced activity and transcriptional levels of antioxidant enzymes Chloroplast biogenesis is blocked by retrograde signaling triggered by diverse internal and external cues, including sugar, reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, and abiotic stress. Efficient chloroplast biogenesis is essential for crop productivity due to its effect on photosynthetic efficiency, and is associated with agronomic traits such as insect/disease resistance, herbicide resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we show that the circadian clock-controlled gene GIGANTEA (GI) regulates chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The gi-2 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to the chloroplast biogenesis inhibitor lincomycin, maintaining high levels of photosynthetic proteins. By contrast, wild-type and GI-overexpressing plants were sensitive to lincomycin, with variegated leaves and reduced photosynthetic protein levels. GI is degraded by lincomycin, suggesting that GI is genetically linked to chloroplast biogenesis. The GI mutant alleles gi-1 and gi-2 were resistant to the herbicide butafenacil, which inhibits protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity and triggers ROS-mediated cell death via the accumulation of chlorophyll precursors. Butafenacil-mediated accumulation of superoxide anions and H2O2 was not detected in gi-1 or gi-2, as revealed by histochemical staining. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were 1.2-1.4-fold higher in both gi mutants compared to the wild type. Finally, the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes were 1.5-2-fold higher in the mutants than in the wild type. These results suggest that GI negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to the herbicide butafenacil, providing evidence for a genetic link between GI and chloroplast biogenesis, which could facilitate the development of herbicide-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Imdad Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Shin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Ji
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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115
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Vila-Aiub MM, Yu Q, Powles SB. Do plants pay a fitness cost to be resistant to glyphosate? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:532-547. [PMID: 30737790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the literature to understand the effects of glyphosate resistance on plant fitness at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. A number of correlations between enzyme characteristics and glyphosate resistance imply the existence of a plant fitness cost associated with resistance-conferring mutations in the glyphosate target enzyme, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). These biochemical changes result in a tradeoff between the glyphosate resistance of the EPSPS enzyme and its catalytic activity. Mutations that endow the highest resistance are more likely to decrease catalytic activity by reducing the affinity of EPSPS for its natural substrate, and/or slowing the velocity of the enzyme reaction, and are thus very likely to endow a substantial plant fitness cost. Prediction of fitness costs associated with EPSPS gene amplification and overexpression can be more problematic. The validity of cost prediction based on the theory of evolution of gene expression and resource allocation has been cast into doubt by contradictory experimental evidence. Further research providing insights into the role of the EPSPS cassette in weed adaptation, and estimations of the energy budget involved in EPSPS amplification and overexpression are required to understand and predict the biochemical and physiological bases of the fitness cost of glyphosate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Vila-Aiub
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI) - School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- IFEVA - CONICET - Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Ecology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI) - School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen B Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI) - School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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116
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Schweizer M, Brilisauer K, Triebskorn R, Forchhammer K, Köhler HR. How glyphosate and its associated acidity affect early development in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7094. [PMID: 31249735 PMCID: PMC6589083 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is among the most extensively used pesticides worldwide. Following the ongoing highly controversial debate on this compound, its potential impact on non-target organisms is a fundamental scientific issue. In its pure compound form, glyphosate is known for its acidic properties. METHODS We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to concentrations between 10 μM and 10 mM glyphosate in an unbuffered aqueous medium, as well as at pH 7, for 96 hours post fertilization (hpf). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of aqueous media in the range of pH 3 to 8, in comparison with 1 mM glyphosate treatment at the respective pH levels. Additionally, we exposed zebrafish to 7-deoxy-sedoheptulose (7dSh), another substance that interferes with the shikimate pathway by a mechanism analogous to that of glyphosate, at a concentration of one mM. The observed endpoints included mortality, the hatching rate, developmental delays at 24 hpf, the heart rate at 48 hpf and the malformation rate at 96 hpf. LC10/50, EC10 and, if reasonable, EC50 values were determined for unbuffered glyphosate. RESULTS The results revealed high mortalities in all treatments associated with low pH, including high concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate (>500 μM), low pH controls and glyphosate treatments with pH < 3.4. Sublethal endpoints like developmental delays and malformations occurred mainly at higher concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate. In contrast, effects on the hatching rate became particularly prominent in treatments at pH 7, showing that glyphosate significantly accelerates hatching compared with the control and 7dSh, even at the lowest tested concentration. Glyphosate also affected the heart rate, resulting in alterations both at pH 7 and, even more pronounced, in the unbuffered system. In higher concentrations, glyphosate tended to accelerate the heart rate in zebrafish embryos, again, when not masked by the decelerating influence of its low pH. At pH > 4, no mortality occurred, neither in the control nor in glyphosate treatments. At 1 mM, 7dSh did not induce any mortality, developmental delays or malformations; only slightly accelerated hatching and a decelerated heart rate were observed. Our results demonstrate that lethal impacts in zebrafish embryos can be attributed mainly to low pH, but we could also show a pH-independent effect of glyphosate on the development of zebrafish embryos on a sublethal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Brilisauer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Piasecki C, Yang Y, Benemann DP, Kremer FS, Galli V, Millwood RJ, Cechin J, Agostinetto D, Maia LC, Vargas L, Stewart CN. Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies New Non-Target Site Glyphosate-Resistance Genes in Conyza bonariensis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060157. [PMID: 31181629 PMCID: PMC6630842 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) is one of the most problematic and widespread glyphosate-resistant weeds in the world. This highly competitive weed species significantly interferes with crop growth and substantially decreases crop yield. Despite its agricultural importance, the molecular mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown. The present RNA-Seq study was performed with the goal of identifying differentially expressed candidate transcripts (genes) related to metabolism-based non-target site glyphosate resistance in C. bonariensis. The whole-transcriptome was de novo assembled from glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes of C. bonariensis from Southern Brazil. The RNA was extracted from untreated and glyphosate-treated plants at several timepoints up to 288 h after treatment in both biotypes. The transcriptome assembly produced 90,124 contigs with an average length of 777 bp and N50 of 1118 bp. In response to glyphosate treatment, differential gene expression analysis was performed on glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes. A total of 9622 genes were differentially expressed as a response to glyphosate treatment in both biotypes, 4297 (44.6%) being up- and 5325 (55.4%) down-regulated. The resistant biotype presented 1770 up- and 2333 down-regulated genes while the sensitive biotype had 2335 and 2800 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Among them, 974 up- and 1290 down-regulated genes were co-expressed in both biotypes. In the present work, we identified 41 new candidate target genes from five families related to herbicide transport and metabolism: 19 ABC transporters, 10 CYP450s, one glutathione S-transferase (GST), five glycosyltransferases (GT), and six genes related to antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The candidate genes may participate in metabolic-based glyphosate resistance via oxidation, conjugation, transport, and degradation, plus antioxidation. One or more of these genes might 'rescue' resistant plants from irreversible damage after glyphosate treatment. The 41 target genes we report in the present study may inform further functional genomics studies, including gene editing approaches to elucidate glyphosate-resistance mechanisms in C. bonariensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Piasecki
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee (UTK), Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Yongil Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee (UTK), Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Daiane P Benemann
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Frederico S Kremer
- Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Galli
- Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Reginald J Millwood
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee (UTK), Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Joanei Cechin
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Dirceu Agostinetto
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Luciano C Maia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Vargas
- Department of Weed Science, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Passo Fundo 99050-970, Brazil.
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee (UTK), Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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118
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Pöppe J, Bote K, Merle R, Makarova O, Roesler U. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Glyphosate and a Glyphosate-Containing Herbicide in Salmonella enterica Isolates Originating from Different Time Periods, Hosts, and Serovars. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:35-41. [PMID: 31223494 PMCID: PMC6563685 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, the active compound of Roundup, is one of the most used pesticides in the world. Its residues are often detected in animal feed, but the impact on the animal gut microbiota and on pathogens of the intestine has not intensively been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of glyphosate isopropylamine salt and a common glyphosate-containing herbicide formulation in 225 Salmonella enterica isolates by broth microdilution. A bacteriostatic effect of glyphosate on Salmonella growth was detected at the concentration range of 10 to 80 mg/mL for both the active ingredient and the ready-to-use formulation. Time/year of isolation, host species, and serovars revealed a statistically significant influence on MIC values. Recently collected Salmonella isolates had significantly higher MIC values for glyphosate and the glyphosate-containing product compared with isolates collected between 1981 and 1990. Isolates from pigs showed significantly higher MIC values compared with isolates from poultry, and isolates of the Salmonella serovar Typhimurium had significantly higher MIC values than Salmonella Enteritidis and Infantis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pöppe
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Bote
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Makarova
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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119
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Mesnage R, Benbrook C, Antoniou MN. Insight into the confusion over surfactant co-formulants in glyphosate-based herbicides. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:137-145. [PMID: 30951798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs). Other chemicals in GBHs are presumed as inert by regulatory authorities and are largely ignored in pesticide safety evaluations. We identified the surfactants in a cross-section of GBH formulations and compared their acute toxic effects. The first generation of polyethoxylated amine (POEA) surfactants (POE-tallowamine) in Roundup are markedly more toxic than glyphosate and heightened concerns of risks to human health, especially among heavily-exposed applicators. Beginning in the mid-1990s, first-generation POEAs were progressively replaced by other POEA surfactants, ethoxylated etheramines, which exhibited lower non-target toxic effects. Lingering concern over surfactant toxicity was mitigated at least in part within the European Union by the introduction of propoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactants. This class of POEA surfactants are ∼100 times less toxic to aquatic ecosystems and human cells than previous GBH-POEA surfactants. As GBH composition is legally classified as confidential commercial information, confusion concerning the identity and concentrations of co-formulants is common and descriptions of test substances in published studies are often erroneous or incomplete. In order to resolve this confusion, laws requiring disclosure of the chemical composition of pesticide products could be enacted. Research to understand health implications from ingesting these substances is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Charles Benbrook
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Benbrook Consulting Services, Enterprise, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Pereira RC, Anizelli PR, Di Mauro E, Valezi DF, da Costa ACS, Zaia CTBV, Zaia DAM. The effect of pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of glyphosate onto ferrihydrite. GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS 2019; 20:3. [PMID: 31127391 PMCID: PMC6743134 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-019-0063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although, glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, its interaction with poorly crystalline iron oxides, such as ferrihydrite, is not well studied. In this research, we examined the adsorption of glyphosate onto ferrihydrite using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), adsorption kinetic models and adsorption isotherm models. The effect of pH and sodium chloride concentration on the adsorption of glyphosate onto ferrihydrite as well as the effect of extractors (CaCl2 0.010 mol L-1 and Mehlich) on the desorption of glyphosate were also evaluated. There are two important findings described in this work. First, 84% of adsorbed glyphosate strongly interacted to ferrihydrite as an inner-sphere complex and phosphate and amine groups are involved in this interaction. Second, an increase of sodium chloride salt concentration increased the adsorption of glyphosate onto ferrihydrite. The non-linear Langmuir model and pseudo second order model showed a good agreement of theoretical limit of glyphosate adsorbed onto ferrihydrite, 54.88 µg mg-1 and 48.8 µg mg-1, respectively. The adsorption of glyphosate onto ferrihydrite decreased when the pH increased. Under the conditions used in this work, EPR spectra did not show dissolution of ferrihydrite. Surface area, pore volume and pHpzc of ferrihydrite decreased after adsorption of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C. Pereira
- Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Pedro R. Anizelli
- Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Di Mauro
- Departamento de Física-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniel F. Valezi
- Departamento de Física-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Thaïs B. V. Zaia
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas-CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 86051-990 Brazil
| | - Dimas A. M. Zaia
- Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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121
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Perotti VE, Larran AS, Palmieri VE, Martinatto AK, Alvarez CE, Tuesca D, Permingeat HR. A novel triple amino acid substitution in the EPSPS found in a high-level glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus hybridus population from Argentina. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1242-1251. [PMID: 30556254 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is one of the most important concerns of global agriculture. Amaranthus hybridus L. is a competitive weed for summer crops in South America. In this article, we intend to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which an A. hybridus population from Argentina has become resistant to extraordinarily high levels of glyphosate. RESULTS The glyphosate-resistant population (A) exhibited particularly high parameters of resistance (GR50 = 20 900 g ai ha-1 , Rf = 314), with all plants completing a normal life cycle even after 32X dose application. No shikimic acid accumulation was detected in the resistant plants at any of the glyphosate concentrations tested. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed a novel triple substitution (TAP-IVS: T102I, A103V, and P106S) in the 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme of population A and an incipient increase on the epsps relative copy number but without effects on the epsps transcription levels. The novel mechanism was prevalent, with 48% and 52% of the individuals being homozygous and heterozygous for the triple substitution, respectively. In silico conformational studies revealed that TAP-IVS triple substitution would generate an EPSPS with a functional active site but with an increased restriction to glyphosate binding. CONCLUSION The prevalence of the TAP-IVS triple substitution as the sole mechanism detected in the highly glyphosate resistant population suggests the evolution of a new glyphosate resistance mechanism arising in A. hybridus. This is the first report of a naturally occurring EPSPS triple substitution and the first glyphosate target-site resistance mechanism described in A. hybridus. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria E Perotti
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Alvaro S Larran
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Valeria E Palmieri
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Andrea K Martinatto
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Clarisa E Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniel Tuesca
- Cátedra de Malezas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Hugo R Permingeat
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Argentina
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Wicke D, Schulz LM, Lentes S, Scholz P, Poehlein A, Gibhardt J, Daniel R, Ischebeck T, Commichau FM. Identification of the first glyphosate transporter by genomic adaptation. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1287-1305. [PMID: 30666812 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis can get into contact with growth-inhibiting substances, which may be of anthropogenic origin. Glyphosate is such a substance serving as a nonselective herbicide. Glyphosate specifically inhibits the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, which generates an essential precursor for de novo synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants, fungi, bacteria and archaea. Inhibition of the EPSP synthase by glyphosate results in depletion of the cellular levels of aromatic amino acids unless the environment provides them. Here, we have assessed the potential of B. subtilis to adapt to glyphosate at the genome level. In contrast to Escherichia coli, which evolves glyphosate resistance by elevating the production and decreasing the glyphosate sensitivity of the EPSP synthase, B. subtilis primarily inactivates the gltT gene encoding the high-affinity glutamate/aspartate symporter GltT. Further adaptation of the gltT mutants to glyphosate led to the inactivation of the gltP gene encoding the glutamate transporter GltP. Metabolome analyses confirmed that GltT is the major entryway of glyphosate into B. subtilis. GltP, the GltT homologue of E. coli also transports glyphosate into B. subtilis. Finally, we found that GltT is involved in uptake of the herbicide glufosinate, which inhibits the glutamine synthetase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wicke
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M Schulz
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Lentes
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Gibhardt
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian M Commichau
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Li WY, Lu P, Xie H, Li GQ, Wang JX, Guo DY, Liang XY. Effects of glyphosate on soybean metabolism in strains bred for glyphosate-resistance. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:523-532. [PMID: 30956433 PMCID: PMC6419695 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To produce high quality, glyphosate-resistant soybeans, we crossed Jinda 73 and glyphosate-resistant RR1 (Roundup Ready First Generation) (RR1) resulting in 34 hybrid strains. To determine the effects of glyphosate on soybean metabolism, we grew the two parents upto the seedling stage, and measured chlorophyll, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative conductivity and proline. Then, we treated the plants with glyphosate and measured the same factors again. Results showed that the chlorophyll content of Jinda 73 and RR1 decreased after spraying glyphosate. Glyphosate increased the level of soluble sugar, MDA, relative conductivity and proline in Jinda 73, but had no significant effect on RR1. We determined glyphosate resistance of the parents and the 34 hybrid, offspring strains by documenting the growth response in the field after treatment with glyphosate. Results showed that 29 hybrid, offspring strains have complete glyphosate resistance. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows that the strains which have complete resistance to glyphosate have imported the CP4 5-enolpyhruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) gene successfully. We selected three high quality, glyphosate-resistant strains (F7-3, F7-16 and F7-21), which had higher protein and oil levels as compared with Jinda 73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-yu Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Ping Lu
- Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Hao Xie
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Gui-quan Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Jing-xuan Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Dong-yu Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xing-yu Liang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
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124
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Liu F, Cao Y. Expression of a bacterial aroA gene confers tolerance to glyphosate in tobacco plants. Turk J Biol 2019; 42:187-194. [PMID: 30814880 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1712-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide that inhibits the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-encoding aroA gene in the shikimate pathway. The discovery and cloning of the aroA gene with high resistance is central to breeding a transgenic glyphosate-resistant plant. A novel aroAPantoea gene from Pantoea G-1 was previously isolated and cloned. The aroA Pantoea enzyme was defined as a new class I EPSPS with glyphosate resistance. The aroA Pantoea gene was introduced into tobacco through Agrobacteriummediated transformation. The transgenic tobacco plants were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR, and Southern blot. The analysis of glyphosate resistance also showed that the transgenic tobacco plants could survive at 15 mM glyphosate; the glyphosate resistance level of the transgenic plants is higher than the agricultural application level recommended by most manufacturers. Overall, this study shows that aroAPantoea can be used as a candidate gene for the development of genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yueping Cao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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125
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Cahuantzi‐Muñoz SL, González‐Fuentes MA, Ortiz‐Frade LA, Torres E, Ţălu Ş, Trejo G, Méndez‐Albores A. Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Quantification of Glyphosate in Maize Kernels. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selene L. Cahuantzi‐Muñoz
- Centro de Química-ICUAP Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaCiudad Universitaria Puebla 72530 Puebla México
| | | | - Luis A. Ortiz‐Frade
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ). Parque Tecnológico Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, A.P. 064, C.P. 76703 Querétaro México
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Centro de Química-ICUAP Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaCiudad Universitaria Puebla 72530 Puebla México
| | - Ştefan Ţălu
- Technical University of Cluj-NapocaThe Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI) Constantin Daicoviciu Street, No. 15 Cluj-Napoca 400020, Cluj county Romania
| | - G. Trejo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ). Parque Tecnológico Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, A.P. 064, C.P. 76703 Querétaro México
| | - Alia Méndez‐Albores
- Centro de Química-ICUAP Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaCiudad Universitaria Puebla 72530 Puebla México
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126
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Sedeek KEM, Mahas A, Mahfouz M. Plant Genome Engineering for Targeted Improvement of Crop Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30809237 PMCID: PMC6379297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve food security, plant biology research aims to improve crop yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as increasing the nutrient contents of food. Conventional breeding systems have allowed breeders to produce improved varieties of many crops; for example, hybrid grain crops show dramatic improvements in yield. However, many challenges remain and emerging technologies have the potential to address many of these challenges. For example, site-specific nucleases such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas systems, which enable high-efficiency genome engineering across eukaryotic species, have revolutionized biological research and its applications in crop plants. These nucleases have been used in diverse plant species to generate a wide variety of site-specific genome modifications through strategies that include targeted mutagenesis and editing for various agricultural biotechnology applications. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas genome-wide screens make it possible to discover novel traits, expand the range of traits, and accelerate trait development in target crops that are key for food security. Here, we discuss the development and use of various site-specific nuclease systems for different plant genome-engineering applications. We highlight the existing opportunities to harness these technologies for targeted improvement of traits to enhance crop productivity and resilience to climate change. These cutting-edge genome-editing technologies are thus poised to reshape the future of agriculture and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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127
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Effect of zinc on erythrocyte osmotic fragility and hemogram following chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-02917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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128
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Dong Y, Ng E, Lu J, Fenwick T, Tao Y, Bertain S, Sandoval M, Bermudez E, Hou Z, Patten P, Lassner M, Siehl D. Desensitizing plant EPSP synthase to glyphosate: Optimized global sequence context accommodates a glycine-to-alanine change in the active site. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:716-725. [PMID: 30425098 PMCID: PMC6333898 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyvinyl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to shikimate-3-phosphate and in plants is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. EPSPSs with high catalytic efficiency and insensitivity to glyphosate are of microbial origin, including the enzyme from Agrobacterium strain CP4, in which insensitivity is conferred by an active site alanine. In the sequence context of plant EPSPSs, alanine in place of glycine at the equivalent position interferes with the binding of both glyphosate and PEP. We show here that iterative optimization of maize EPSPS containing the G101A substitution yielded variants on par with CP4 in terms of catalytic activity in the presence of glyphosate. The improvement relative to G101A alone was entirely due to reduction in Km for PEP from 333 to 18 μm, versus 9.5 μm for native maize EPSPS. A large portion of the reduction in Km was conferred by two down-sizing substitutions (L97C and V332A) within 8 Å of glyphosate, which together reduced Km for PEP to 43 μm Although the original optimization was conducted with maize EPSPS, contextually homologous substitutions conferred similar properties to the EPSPSs of other crops. We also discovered a variant having the known glyphosate-desensitizing substitution P106L plus three additional ones that reduced the Km for PEP from 47 μm, observed with P106L alone, to 10.3 μm The improvements obtained with both Ala101 and Leu106 have implications regarding glyphosate-tolerant crops and weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Dong
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Emily Ng
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Jian Lu
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Tamara Fenwick
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Yumin Tao
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Sean Bertain
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Marian Sandoval
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Ericka Bermudez
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Zhenglin Hou
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Phil Patten
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Michael Lassner
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Daniel Siehl
- From Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Hayward, California 94545
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129
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Monte TCDC, Chometon TQ, Bertho AL, de Moura VS, de Vasconcellos MC, Garcia J, Ferraz-Nogueira R, Maldonado Júnior A, Faro MJ. Changes in hemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Echinostoma paraensei and exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 160:67-75. [PMID: 30513285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of snails is highly sensitive to pollutants, which can suppress its immune response. We investigated the effects of exposure to the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup® Original on the snail Biomphalaria glabrata infected by the platyhelminth Echinostoma paraensei by evaluating changes in the snail's internal defense system. Four cohorts were studied: control group, infected snails, snails treated with Roundup®, and snails infected and treated with Roundup®. The hemocyte viability was assessed, morphological differentiation of cells was observed and flow cytometry was performed to determine the morphology, viability and the lectin expression profiles. The frequencies of dead hemocytes were lower in the infected group and higher in both pesticide treated groups. Three cell types were identified: blast-like cells, hyalinocytes and granulocytes. The highest number of all types of hemocytes, as well as the highest number of dead cells, were observed in the infected, pesticide-treated group. The association between infection and herbicide exposure greatly increased the frequency of dead hemocytes, suggesting that this condition impairs the internal defense system of B. glabrata making the snails more vulnerable to parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá C de C Monte
- Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaize Quiroga Chometon
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa S de Moura
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juberlan Garcia
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ferraz-Nogueira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Julia Faro
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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130
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Promising New Antifungal Treatment Targeting Chorismate Synthase from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01097-18. [PMID: 30348661 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01097-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by Paracoccidioides, is a systemic mycosis with granulomatous character and a restricted therapeutic arsenal. The aim of this work was to search for new alternatives to treat largely neglected tropical mycosis, such as PCM. In this context, the enzymes of the shikimate pathway constitute excellent drug targets for conferring selective toxicity because this pathway is absent in humans but essential for the fungus. In this work, we have used a homology model of the chorismate synthase (EC 4.2.3.5) from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (PbCS) and performed a combination of virtual screening and molecular dynamics testing to identify new potential inhibitors. The best hit, CP1, successfully adhered to pharmacological criteria (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) and was therefore used in in vitro experiments. Here we demonstrate that CP1 binds with a dissociation constant of 64 ± 1 μM to recombinant chorismate synthase from P. brasiliensis and inhibits enzymatic activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 47 ± 5 μM. As expected, CP1 showed no toxicity in three cell lines. On the other hand, CP1 reduced the fungal burden in lungs from treated mice, similar to itraconazole. In addition, histopathological analysis showed that animals treated with CP1 displayed less lung tissue infiltration, fewer yeast cells, and large areas with preserved architecture. Therefore, CP1 was able to control PCM in mice with a lower inflammatory response and is thus a promising candidate and lead structure for the development of drugs useful in PCM treatment.
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131
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Johansson HKL, Schwartz CL, Nielsen LN, Boberg J, Vinggaard AM, Bahl MI, Svingen T. Exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide formulation, but not glyphosate alone, has only minor effects on adult rat testis. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:25-31. [PMID: 30268827 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate has been suggested to be an endocrine disrupting chemical capable of disrupting male reproduction. There are conflicting data, however, with studies reporting effects from exposure to either glyphosate alone or to herbicide formulations, making comparisons difficult. We assessed rat testis histopathology and androgen function following two weeks exposure to either glyphosate at 2.5 and 25 mg/kg bw/day (5x and 50x Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI, respectively), or equivalent high dose of glyphosate in a herbicide formulation; Glyfonova. We observed no significant effects on testes or testosterone synthesis in rats exposed to glyphosate. Limited effects were observed in rats exposed to Glyfonova, with a small upregulation of the steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1. We conclude that glyphosate alone has no effect on adult rat testis at exposure levels up to 25 mg/kg bw/day. Glyfonova induced only minor effects on steroidogenic gene expression, likely caused by additives other than glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lindgren Schwartz
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Lene Nørby Nielsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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132
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Faria RR, Neto LRDS, Guerra RF, Junior MFF, Oliveira GS, Franca EF. Parameters for glyphosate in OPLS-AA force field. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1536294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto R. Faria
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Renan F. Guerra
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo F. Franca
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
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133
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Kurczab R, Śliwa P, Rataj K, Kafel R, Bojarski AJ. Salt Bridge in Ligand-Protein Complexes-Systematic Theoretical and Statistical Investigations. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:2224-2238. [PMID: 30351056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the salt bridge is the strongest among all known noncovalent molecular interactions, no comprehensive studies have been conducted to date to examine its role and significance in drug design. Thus, a systematic study of the salt bridge in biological systems is reported herein, with a broad analysis of publicly available data from Protein Data Bank, DrugBank, ChEMBL, and GPCRdb. The results revealed the distance and angular preferences as well as privileged molecular motifs of salt bridges in ligand-receptor complexes, which could be used to design the strongest interactions. Moreover, using quantum chemical calculations at the MP2 level, the energetic, directionality, and spatial variabilities of salt bridges were investigated using simple model systems mimicking salt bridges in a biological environment. Additionally, natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) combined with the extended-transition-state (ETS) bond-energy decomposition method (ETS-NOCV) were analyzed and indicated a strong covalent contribution to the salt bridge interaction. The present results could be useful for implementation in rational drug design protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12 , 31-343 Cracow , Poland
| | - Paweł Śliwa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Cracow University of Technology , Warszawska 24 , 31-155 Cracow , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rataj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12 , 31-343 Cracow , Poland
| | - Rafał Kafel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12 , 31-343 Cracow , Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12 , 31-343 Cracow , Poland
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134
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Davoren MJ, Schiestl RH. Glyphosate-based herbicides and cancer risk: a post-IARC decision review of potential mechanisms, policy and avenues of research. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1207-1215. [PMID: 30060078 PMCID: PMC7530464 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its initial sales in the 1970s, the herbicide glyphosate attained widespread use in modern agriculture, becoming the most commercially successful and widely used herbicide of all time as of 2016. Despite a primary mechanism that targets a pathway absent from animal cells and regulatory studies showing safety margins orders of magnitude better than many other, more directly toxic herbicides, the safety status of glyphosate has recently been brought into question by a slow accumulation of studies suggesting more subtle health risks, especially when considered in combination with the surfactants it is usually applied with. Current, official views of respected international regulatory and health bodies remain divided on glyphosate's status as a human carcinogen, but the 2015 International Agency for Research on Cancer decision to reclassify the compound as Category 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) marked a sea change in the scientific community's consensus view. The goal of this review is to consider the state of science regarding glyphosate's potential as a human carcinogen and genotoxin, with particular focus on studies suggesting mechanisms that would go largely undetected in traditional toxicology studies, such as microbiome disruption and endocrine mimicry at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davoren
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Schiestl
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Environmental Health Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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135
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Gattás F, De Stefano LG, Vinocur A, Bordet F, Espinosa MS, Pizarro H, Cataldo D. Impact of interaction between Limnoperna fortunei and Roundup Max ® on freshwater phytoplankton: An in situ approach in Salto Grande reservoir (Argentina). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:748-757. [PMID: 29960942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The joint impact of the glyphosate-based commercial formulation Roundup Max® and the invasive mussel Limnoperna fortunei on phytoplankton and water quality was assessed in Salto Grande reservoir, a scenario were both stressors coexist. We performed an in situ mesocosm approach, through a 7-day experiment using 400-L enclosures. The following treatments were applied by triplicate: addition of 250 mussels (M); addition of 5 mg L-1 of active ingredient (a.i.) in Roundup Max® (R); addition of 250 mussels and 5 mg L-1 of a.i. in Roundup Max® (MR), and controls, without any addition (C). R showed higher total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium nitrogen (NNH4+) concentrations due to the herbicide input, and a significant increase in algal abundance, biovolume and chlorophyll a levels (Chl-a). In M mussels grazed on phytoplankton, which resulted in subsequent phosphates (SRP) release. A decrease in species diversity was observed in R and M with respect to C. In MR, there were higher TP and NNH4+ concentrations, a decrease in biovolume, an antagonistic effect on Chl-a and a synergistic effect on phytoplankton abundance. Species diversity and evenness showed a significant decrease due to the explosive growth of a small and opportunistic Chlorophyta, Spermatozopsis exsultans. The dominance of this species may be due to negative selectivity for S. exsultans and/or release of potential competitors by L. fortunei, and to the input of nutrients by Roundup Max® and/or removal of competitors by its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Gattás
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Gabriela De Stefano
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Vinocur
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Bordet
- Comisión Técnica Mixta de Salto Grande, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Mariela Soledad Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499 (1650) San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydée Pizarro
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cataldo
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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136
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Zhong G, Wu Z, Liu N, Yin J. Phosphate alleviation of glyphosate-induced toxicity in Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) Backer. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 201:91-98. [PMID: 29894895 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, as a broad-spectrum herbicide, is frequently detected in water, and phosphorus widely enters the water due to the extensive use of phosphorus-containing substances in agriculture, industries and daily life. Thus, aquatic ecosystems are exposed to both glyphosate and phosphorus, which may affect aquatic organisms. In the present research, we studied the physiological responses of the floating aquatic plant species H. dubia to different concentrations of glyphosate (0, 1, 5, 15 mg/L) with different levels of phosphate (0, 50, 100 mg/L) after 14 days (d) of treatment. We explored glyphosate toxicity in H. dubia and investigated whether phosphate addition mitigates glyphosate toxicity in this species, which will provide a theoretical basis for the ecotoxicological study of aquatic plants. The results show that glyphosate significantly reduced the chlorophyll content, leaf number and root length of H. dubia, while it significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), shikimate, proline, and soluble protein content and enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) in H. dubia. After phosphate supplement, the MDA, H2O2, proline, and soluble protein contents and enzyme activities in the plants treated with glyphosate decreased. These results indicate that the concentration of glyphosate investigated in our study can cause oxidative stress and affect the growth of H. dubia. Phosphate can alleviate glyphosate-induced oxidative stress in H. dubia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidi Zhong
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Nian Liu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Yin
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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Tazdaït D, Salah R, Grib H, Abdi N, Mameri N. Kinetic study on biodegradation of glyphosate with unacclimated activated sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:448-459. [PMID: 29932733 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1487043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article is concerned with the study of biodegradation of an organophosphorus herbicide (glyphosate) using unacclimated activated sludge. Glyphosate at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 g/L) was tested for cellular growth. On the other hand, the effect of glyphosate on its own biodegradation was studied by evaluating the fittings of different kinetic models (Andrews, Aiba et al., Han and Levenspiel, Luong, Tessier, Webb, Tseng and Wayman, Yano and Koga). According to the obtained results, the activated sludge was able to use glyphosate as the sole carbon source; however, 2 and 5 g/L glyphosate seemed to inhibit cellular growth. Moreover, glyphosate at initial concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/L was completely degraded within 4, 13 and 18 h of incubation, respectively. Yano and Koga model was the best-fit model (R2 = 0.999, F = 173,106 and P = 0.000006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Djaber Tazdaït
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agronomical Sciences , Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou , Tizi-Ouzou , Algeria
- b Laboratory of Bioengineering and Process Engineering , National Polytechnic School , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Rym Salah
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agronomical Sciences , Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou , Tizi-Ouzou , Algeria
| | - Hocine Grib
- b Laboratory of Bioengineering and Process Engineering , National Polytechnic School , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Nadia Abdi
- b Laboratory of Bioengineering and Process Engineering , National Polytechnic School , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Nabil Mameri
- b Laboratory of Bioengineering and Process Engineering , National Polytechnic School , Algiers , Algeria
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138
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Sharma A, Adams C, Cashdollar BD, Li Z, Nguyen NV, Sai H, Shi J, Velchuru G, Zhu KZ, Pollack GH. Effect of Health-Promoting Agents on Exclusion-Zone Size. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818796937. [PMID: 30202249 PMCID: PMC6122250 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818796937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-confirmed that hydrophilic surfaces including those within the cell generate structural changes in water. This interfacial water is ordered and acquires features different from the bulk. Amongst those features is the exclusion of colloidal and molecular solutes from extensive regions next to the hydrophilic surface, thereby earning it the label of "exclusion zone" (EZ) water. The transition of ordered EZ water to bulk serves as an important trigger of many cellular physiological functions, and in turn cellular health. We tested physiological doses of half a dozen agents generally identified to restore or build health on the extent to which they build EZs. All agents known to enhance biological function resulted in EZ expansion. On the other hand, the weed killer, glyphosate, considerably diminished EZ size. While the expansion effect of the health-promoting agents was observed over a wide range of concentrations, excessive doses ultimately reduced EZ size. We hypothesize that EZ buildup may be a mechanistic feature underlying many health-promoting agents, while agents that impair health may act by diminishing the amount of EZ water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Colby Adams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | | | - Zheng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Nam V. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Himasri Sai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Gautham Velchuru
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Kevin Z. Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Gerald H. Pollack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
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Hummel AW, Chauhan RD, Cermak T, Mutka AM, Vijayaraghavan A, Boyher A, Starker CG, Bart R, Voytas DF, Taylor NJ. Allele exchange at the EPSPS locus confers glyphosate tolerance in cassava. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1275-1282. [PMID: 29223136 PMCID: PMC5999311 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effective weed control can protect yields of cassava (Manihot esculenta) storage roots. Farmers could benefit from using herbicide with a tolerant cultivar. We applied traditional transgenesis and gene editing to generate robust glyphosate tolerance in cassava. By comparing promoters regulating expression of transformed 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) genes with various paired amino acid substitutions, we found that strong constitutive expression is required to achieve glyphosate tolerance during in vitro selection and in whole cassava plants. Using strategies that exploit homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathways, we precisely introduced the best-performing allele into the cassava genome, simultaneously creating a promoter swap and dual amino acid substitutions at the endogenous EPSPS locus. Primary EPSPS-edited plants were phenotypically normal, tolerant to high doses of glyphosate, with some free of detectable T-DNA integrations. Our methods demonstrate an editing strategy for creating glyphosate tolerance in crop plants and demonstrate the potential of gene editing for further improvement of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Hummel
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development and Center for Genome EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- Present address:
KWS Gateway Research CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | | | - Tomas Cermak
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development and Center for Genome EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- Present address:
Inari Agriculture Inc200 Sidney StSuite 340, CambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Andrew M. Mutka
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
Elemental EnzymesSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Anupama Vijayaraghavan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
MonsantoSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Adam Boyher
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Colby G. Starker
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development and Center for Genome EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Rebecca Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Daniel F. Voytas
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development and Center for Genome EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
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Rational Discovery of (+) (S) Abscisic Acid as a Potential Antifungal Agent: a Repurposing Approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8565. [PMID: 29867091 PMCID: PMC5986790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are spreading widely worldwide, and the types of treatment are limited due to the lack of diverse therapeutic agents and their associated side effects and toxicity. The discovery of new antifungal classes is vital and critical. We discovered the antifungal activity of abscisic acid through a rational drug design methodology that included the building of homology models for fungal chorismate mutases and a pharmacophore model derived from a transition state inhibitor. Ligand-based virtual screening resulted in some hits that were filtered using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations studies. Both in silico methods and in vitro antifungal assays were used as tools to select and validate the abscisic acid repurposing. Abscisic acid inhibition assays confirmed the inhibitory effect of abscisic acid on chorismate mutase through the inhibition of phenylpyruvate production. The repositioning of abscisic acid, the well-known and naturally occurring plant growth regulator, as a potential antifungal agent because of its suggested action as an inhibitor to several fungal chorismate mutases was the main result of this work.
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141
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Mao Q, Manservisi F, Panzacchi S, Mandrioli D, Menghetti I, Vornoli A, Bua L, Falcioni L, Lesseur C, Chen J, Belpoggi F, Hu J. The Ramazzini Institute 13-week pilot study on glyphosate and Roundup administered at human-equivalent dose to Sprague Dawley rats: effects on the microbiome. Environ Health 2018; 17:50. [PMID: 29843725 PMCID: PMC5972442 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are broad-spectrum herbicides that act on the shikimate pathway in bacteria, fungi, and plants. The possible effects of GBHs on human health are the subject of an intense public debate for both its potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, including its effects on microbiome. The present pilot study examines whether exposure to GBHs at doses of glyphosate considered to be "safe" (the US Acceptable Daily Intake - ADI - of 1.75 mg/kg bw/day), starting from in utero, may modify the composition of gut microbiome in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Glyphosate alone and Roundup, a commercial brand of GBHs, were administered in drinking water at doses comparable to the US glyphosate ADI (1.75 mg/kg bw/day) to F0 dams starting from the gestational day (GD) 6 up to postnatal day (PND) 125. Animal feces were collected at multiple time points from both F0 dams and F1 pups. The gut microbiota of 433 fecal samples were profiled at V3-V4 region of 16S ribosomal RNA gene and further taxonomically assigned and assessed for diversity analysis. We tested the effect of exposure on overall microbiome diversity using PERMANOVA and on individual taxa by LEfSe analysis. RESULTS Microbiome profiling revealed that low-dose exposure to Roundup and glyphosate resulted in significant and distinctive changes in overall bacterial composition in F1 pups only. Specifically, at PND31, corresponding to pre-pubertal age in humans, relative abundance for Bacteriodetes (Prevotella) was increased while the Firmicutes (Lactobacillus) was reduced in both Roundup and glyphosate exposed F1 pups compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial evidence that exposures to commonly used GBHs, at doses considered safe, are capable of modifying the gut microbiota in early development, particularly before the onset of puberty. These findings warrant future studies on potential health effects of GBHs in early development such as childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Mao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fabiana Manservisi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Panzacchi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menghetti
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Vornoli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Bua
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Falcioni
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison, New York, NY 10029 USA
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Schoenenberger B, Wszolek A, Meier R, Brundiek H, Obkircher M, Wohlgemuth R. Recombinant AroL-Catalyzed Phosphorylation for the Efficient Synthesis of Shikimic Acid 3-Phosphate. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700529. [PMID: 29697210 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Shikimic acid 3-phosphate, as a central metabolite of the shikimate pathway, is of high interest as enzyme substrate for 5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate synthase, a drug target in infectious diseases and a prime enzyme target for the herbicide glyphosate. As the important substrate shikimic acid 3-phosphate is only accessible via a chemical multi-step route, a new straightforward preparative one-step enzymatic phosphorylation of shikimate using a stable recombinant shikimate kinase has been developed for the selective phosphorylation of shikimate in the 3-position. Highly active shikimate kinase is produced by straightforward expression of a synthetic aroL gene in Escherichia coli. The time course of the shikimate kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation is investigated by 1 H- and 31 P-NMR, using the phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate kinase system for the regeneration of the ATP cofactor. This enables the development of a quantitative biocatalytic 3-phosphorylation of shikimic acid. After a standard workup procedure, a good yield of shikimic acid 3-phosphate, with high HPLC- and NMR purity, is obtained. This efficient biocatalytic synthesis of shikimic acid 3-phosphate is superior to any other method and has been successfully scaled up to multi-gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Wszolek
- Enzymicals, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roland Meier
- Sigma-Aldrich, Member of Merck Group, Industriestrasse 25, CH-9470, Buchs, Switzerland
| | - Henrike Brundiek
- Enzymicals, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Obkircher
- Sigma-Aldrich, Member of Merck Group, Industriestrasse 25, CH-9470, Buchs, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Sigma-Aldrich, Member of Merck Group, Industriestrasse 25, CH-9470, Buchs, Switzerland
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Sammons RD, You J, Qi Y, Flasinski S, Kavanaugh C, Washam J, Ostrander E, Wang D, Heck G. Evaluation of glyphosate resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing an altered target site EPSPS. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1174-1183. [PMID: 28677849 PMCID: PMC5901408 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-resistant goosegrass has recently evolved and is homozygous for the double mutant of EPSPS (T102 I, P106 S or TIPS). These same mutations combined with EPSPS overexpression, have been used to create transgenic glyphosate-resistant crops. Arabidopsis thaliana (Wt EPSPS Ki ∼ 0.5 μM) was engineered to express a variant AtEPSPS-T102 I, P106 A (TIPA Ki = 150 μM) to determine the resistance magnitude for a more potent variant EPSPS that might evolve in weeds. RESULTS Transgenic A. thaliana plants, homozygous for one, two or four copies of AtEPSPS-TIPA, had resistance (IC50 values, R/S) as measured by seed production ranging from 4.3- to 16-fold. Plants treated in reproductive stage were male sterile with a range of R/S from 10.1- to 40.6-fold. A significant hormesis (∼ 63% gain in fresh weight) was observed for all genotypes when treated at the initiation of reproductive stage with 0.013 kg ha-1 . AtEPSPS-TIPA enzyme activity was proportional to copy number and correlated with resistance magnitude. CONCLUSIONS A. thaliana, as a model weed expressing one copy of AtEPSPS-TIPA (300-fold more resistant), had only 4.3-fold resistance to glyphosate for seed production. Resistance behaved as a single dominant allele. Vegetative tissue resistance was 4.7-fold greater than reproductive tissue resistance and was linear with gene copy number. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Ostrander
- Division of Oncology, Section of Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
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Ortega JL, Rajapakse W, Bagga S, Apodaca K, Lucero Y, Sengupta-Gopalan C. An intragenic approach to confer glyphosate resistance in chile (Capsicum annuum) by introducing an in vitro mutagenized chile EPSPS gene encoding for a glyphosate resistant EPSPS protein. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194666. [PMID: 29649228 PMCID: PMC5896900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an important high valued crop worldwide, and when grown on a large scale has problems with weeds. One important herbicide used is glyphosate. Glyphosate inactivates the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), a key enzyme in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. A transgenic approach towards making glyphosate resistant plants, entails introducing copies of a gene encoding for glyphosate-resistant EPSPS enzyme into the plant. The main objective of our work was to use an intragenic approach to confer resistance to glyphosate in chile which would require using only chile genes for transformation including the selectable marker. Tobacco was used as the transgenic system to identify different gene constructs that would allow for the development of the intragenic system for chile, since chile transformation is inefficient. An EPSPS gene was isolated from chile and mutagenized to introduce substitutions that are known to make the encoded enzyme resistant to glyphosate. The promoter for EPSPS gene was isolated from chile and the mutagenized chile EPSPS cDNA was engineered behind both the CaMV35S promoter and the EPSPS promoter. The leaves from the transformants were checked for resistance to glyphosate using a cut leaf assay. In tobacco, though both gene constructs exhibited some degree of resistance to glyphosate, the construct with the CaMV35S promoter was more effective and as such chile was transformed with this gene construct. The chile transformants showed resistance to low concentrations of glyphosate. Furthermore, preliminary studies showed that the mutated EPSPS gene driven by the CaMV35S promoter could be used as a selectable marker for transformation. We have shown that an intragenic approach can be used to confer glyphosate-resistance in chile. However, we need a stronger chile promoter and a mutated chile gene that encodes for a more glyphosate resistant EPSPS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Wathsala Rajapakse
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Suman Bagga
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Apodaca
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Lucero
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Champa Sengupta-Gopalan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
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145
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Holland CK, Berkovich DA, Kohn ML, Maeda H, Jez JM. Structural basis for substrate recognition and inhibition of prephenate aminotransferase from Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:304-314. [PMID: 29405514 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amino acids are protein building blocks and precursors to a number of plant natural products, such as the structural polymer lignin and a variety of medicinally relevant compounds. Plants make tyrosine and phenylalanine by a different pathway from many microbes; this pathway requires prephenate aminotransferase (PAT) as the key enzyme. Prephenate aminotransferase produces arogenate, the unique and immediate precursor for both tyrosine and phenylalanine in plants, and also has aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) activity. The molecular mechanisms governing the substrate specificity and activation or inhibition of PAT are currently unknown. Here we present the X-ray crystal structures of the wild-type and various mutants of PAT from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAT). Steady-state kinetic and ligand-binding analyses identified key residues, such as Glu108, that are involved in both keto acid and amino acid substrate specificities and probably contributed to the evolution of PAT activity among class Ib AAT enzymes. Structures of AtPAT mutants co-crystallized with either α-ketoglutarate or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate and glutamate further define the molecular mechanisms underlying recognition of keto acid and amino acid substrates. Furthermore, cysteine was identified as an inhibitor of PAT from A. thaliana and Antirrhinum majus plants as well as the bacterium Chlorobium tepidum, uncovering a potential new effector of PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Holland
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Daniel A Berkovich
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Madeleine L Kohn
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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146
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Patterson EL, Pettinga DJ, Ravet K, Neve P, Gaines TA. Glyphosate Resistance and EPSPS Gene Duplication: Convergent Evolution in Multiple Plant Species. J Hered 2018; 109:117-125. [PMID: 29040588 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the increasingly widespread mechanisms of resistance to the herbicide glyphosate is copy number variation (CNV) of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene. EPSPS gene duplication has been reported in 8 weed species, ranging from 3 to 5 extra copies to more than 150 extra copies. In the case of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), a section of >300 kb containing EPSPS and many other genes has been replicated and inserted at new loci throughout the genome, resulting in significant increase in total genome size. The replicated sequence contains several classes of mobile genetic elements including helitrons, raising the intriguing possibility of extra-chromosomal replication of the EPSPS-containing sequence. In kochia (Kochia scoparia), from 3 to more than 10 extra EPSPS copies are arranged as a tandem gene duplication at one locus. In the remaining 6 weed species that exhibit EPSPS gene duplication, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of gene duplication or their entire sequence. There is mounting evidence that adaptive gene amplification is an important mode of evolution in the face of intense human-mediated selection pressure. The convergent evolution of CNVs for glyphosate resistance in weeds, through at least 2 different mechanisms, may be indicative of a more general importance for this mechanism of adaptation in plants. CNVs warrant further investigation across plant functional genomics for adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly for adaptive evolution on rapid time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Patterson
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Dean J Pettinga
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Karl Ravet
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Paul Neve
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
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147
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Mertens M, Höss S, Neumann G, Afzal J, Reichenbecher W. Glyphosate, a chelating agent-relevant for ecological risk assessment? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5298-5317. [PMID: 29294235 PMCID: PMC5823954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), consisting of glyphosate and formulants, are the most frequently applied herbicides worldwide. The declared active ingredient glyphosate does not only inhibit the EPSPS but is also a chelating agent that binds macro- and micronutrients, essential for many plant processes and pathogen resistance. GBH treatment may thus impede uptake and availability of macro- and micronutrients in plants. The present study investigated whether this characteristic of glyphosate could contribute to adverse effects of GBH application in the environment and to human health. According to the results, it has not been fully elucidated whether the chelating activity of glyphosate contributes to the toxic effects on plants and potentially on plant-microorganism interactions, e.g., nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants. It is also still open whether the chelating property of glyphosate is involved in the toxic effects on organisms other than plants, described in many papers. By changing the availability of essential as well as toxic metals that are bound to soil particles, the herbicide might also impact soil life, although the occurrence of natural chelators with considerably higher chelating potentials makes an additional impact of glyphosate for most metals less likely. Further research should elucidate the role of glyphosate (and GBH) as a chelator, in particular, as this is a non-specific property potentially affecting many organisms and processes. In the process of reevaluation of glyphosate its chelating activity has hardly been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Mertens
- Institute for Biodiversity Network e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Institute for Biodiversity Network e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joshua Afzal
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfram Reichenbecher
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstr. 110, 53179, Bonn, Germany
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148
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Zhong G, Wu Z, Yin J, Chai L. Responses of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to glyphosate exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:385-393. [PMID: 29154113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is frequently detected in water bodies and is harmful to aquatic systems. We conducted an experiment to explore the ecological sensitivity of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to glyphosate. Our research focused on the physiological responses of H. verticillata and V. natans after exposure to various concentrations of glyphosate (0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 80 mg/L) in hydroponic culture after one day (1D) and seven days (7D). The results show that after 1D, the soluble protein content of H. verticillata was significantly stimulated under low herbicide concentrations. Other indices for H. verticillata and V. natans had no remarkable changes at 1D. After 7D of treatment, the soluble protein content of H. verticillata showed no significant differences, while the malondialdehyde (MDA), pigment contents and catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased at low glyphosate concentrations. Guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity in H. verticillata significantly increased with increasing herbicide concentrations. The chlorophyll a/b ratio of H. verticillata sharply decreased above 10 mg/L. For V. natans, soluble protein, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid content; and CAT activity declined significantly after glyphosate application, while other indicators showed no significant changes. Our results indicate that glyphosate concentrations from 0 to 80 mg/L can induce oxidative stress in H. verticillate and may impede metabolism processes for protein and pigments without causing oxidative stress in V. natans. Taken together, our results suggest that the sensitivity of H. verticillata to glyphosate exposure is higher than that of V. natans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidi Zhong
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jun Yin
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lulu Chai
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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149
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Chennareddy S, Cicak T, Clark L, Russell S, Skokut M, Beringer J, Yang X, Jia Y, Gupta M. Expression of a novel bi-directional Brassica napus promoter in soybean. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:727-738. [PMID: 28916981 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The expression profile of a natural bi-directional promoter, derived from the Brassica napus EPSPS-A gene, was studied in transgenic soybean (Glycine max C.V. Maverick) lines. Two constructs, pDAB100331 and pDAB100333, were assembled to test the bi-directionality of the promoter. Two reporter genes, gfp and gusA, were employed and they were interchangeably placed in both constructs, one on each end of the promoter such that both proteins expressed divergently in each construct. In the T0 generation, GUS expression was more uniform throughout the leaf of pDAB100333 transgenic plants, where the gusA gene was expressed from the downstream or EPSPS-A end of the bi-directional promoter. Comparatively, GUS expression was more localized in the midrib and veins of the leaf of pDAB100331 transgenic plants, where the gusA gene was expressed from the upstream end of the bi-directional promoter. These observations indicated a unique expression pattern from each end of the promoter and consistently higher expression in genes expressed from the downstream end (e.g., EPSPS-A end) of the promoter in the tissues examined. The GFP expression pattern followed that of GUS when placed in the same position relative to the promoter. In the T1 generation, transcript analysis also showed higher expression of both gusA and gfp when those genes were located at the downstream end of the promoter. Accordingly, the pDAB100331 events exhibited a higher gfp/gusA transcript ratio, while pDAB100333 events produced a higher gusA/gfp transcript ratio consistent with the observations in T0 plants. These results demonstrated that the EPSPS-A gene bidirectional promoter can be effectively utilized to drive expression of two transgenes for the desired traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby Cicak
- Dow AgroSciences, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yi Jia
- Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Manju Gupta
- Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
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150
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Rong-Mullins X, Ravishankar A, McNeal KA, Lonergan ZR, Biega AC, Creamer JP, Gallagher JEG. Genetic variation in Dip5, an amino acid permease, and Pdr5, a multiple drug transporter, regulates glyphosate resistance in S. cerevisiae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187522. [PMID: 29155836 PMCID: PMC5695762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
S. cerevisiae from different environments are subject to a wide range of selective pressures, whether intentional or by happenstance. Chemicals classified by their application, such as herbicides, fungicides and antibiotics, can affect non-target organisms. First marketed as RoundUp™, glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide. In plants, glyphosate inhibits EPSPS, of the shikimate pathway, which is present in many organisms but lacking in mammals. The shikimate pathway produces chorismate which is the precursor to all the aromatic amino acids, para-aminobenzoic acid, and Coenzyme Q10. Crops engineered to be resistant to glyphosate contain a homolog of EPSPS that is not bound by glyphosate. Here, we show that S. cerevisiae has a wide-range of glyphosate resistance. Sequence comparison between the target proteins, i.e., the plant EPSPS and the yeast orthologous protein Aro1, predicted that yeast would be resistant to glyphosate. However, the growth variation seen in the subset of yeast tested was not due to polymorphisms within Aro1, instead, it was caused by genetic variation in an ABC multiple drug transporter, Pdr5, and an amino acid permease, Dip5. Using genetic variation as a probe into glyphosate response, we uncovered mechanisms that contribute to the transportation of glyphosate in and out of the cell. Taking advantage of the natural genetic variation within yeast and measuring growth under different conditions that would change the use of the shikimate pathway, we uncovered a general transport mechanism of glyphosate into eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Rong-Mullins
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Apoorva Ravishankar
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kirsten A. McNeal
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zachery R. Lonergan
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Audrey C. Biega
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - J. Philip Creamer
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. G. Gallagher
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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