101
|
Hafeez BB, Fischer JW, Singh A, Zhong W, Mustafa A, Meske L, Sheikhani MO, Verma AK. Plumbagin Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Intact and Castrated PTEN Knockout Mice via Targeting PKCε, Stat3, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Markers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:375-86. [PMID: 25627799 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer continues to remain the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American males. The Pten deletions and/or mutations are frequently observed in both primary prostate cancers and metastatic prostate tissue samples. Pten deletion in prostate epithelium in mice results in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), followed by progression to invasive adenocarcinoma. The Pten conditional knockout mice [(Pten-loxp/loxp:PB-Cre4(+)) (Pten-KO)] provide a unique preclinical model to evaluate agents for efficacy for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. We present here for the first time that dietary plumbagin, a medicinal plant-derived naphthoquinone (200 or 500 ppm) inhibits tumor development in intact as well as castrated Pten-KO mice. Plumbagin has shown no signs of toxicity at either of these doses. Plumbagin treatment resulted in a decrease expression of PKCε, AKT, Stat3, and COX2 compared with the control mice. Plumbagin treatment also inhibited the expression of vimentin and slug, the markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate tumors. In summary, the results indicate that dietary plumbagin inhibits growth of both primary and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in Pten-KO mice, possibly via inhibition of PKCε, Stat3, AKT, and EMT markers (vimentin and slug), which are linked to the induction and progression of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Joseph W Fischer
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ashok Singh
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Weixiong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ala Mustafa
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Louise Meske
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mohammad Ozair Sheikhani
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ajit Kumar Verma
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Plant-derived anticancer agents: a promising treatment for bone metastasis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:599. [PMID: 28243436 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a very frequent complication of advanced cancer, and it remains an incurable disease. Current therapies that have been approved for the treatment of bone metastases delay the occurrence of skeletal-related events and can extend the patient's lifespan by a few years. However, they will not cure or cause the regression of established bone metastases, and new side effects are emerging after prolonged treatment. Thus, new therapies are severely needed. There are compelling evidences from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies that support the use of compounds derived from plants to treat several forms of cancers including bone metastasis. More than 25% of the drugs used during the past 20 years were directly derived from plants, whereas another 25% are chemically altered natural products. Still, only 5-15% of the ∼250 000 higher plants have ever been investigated for bioactive compounds. There is a growing interest for the study of anticancer drugs with relatively low side effects that target specific key signaling pathways that control the establishment and progression of the cancer metastasis. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify new natural compounds with high efficiency in cancer prevention and treatment. Extensive reviews about plant-derived agents and their use in cancer have been published, but none when it comes to the treatment of bone metastases. Only a few of these compounds have been evaluated for the treatment of bone metastasis; here we describe some of the most prominent ones that are having the potential to reach the clinic soon.
Collapse
|
103
|
Nayak P, Sharma M, Behera SN, Thirunavoukkarasu M, Chand PK. High-performance liquid chromatographic quantification of plumbagin from transformed rhizoclones of Plumbago zeylanica L.: inter-clonal variation in biomass growth and plumbagin production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1745-70. [PMID: 25424284 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An optimized protocol for induction and establishment of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root cultures of Plumbago zeylanica L. was developed through selection of suitable explant type and the bacterial strain. The infection of internodal explants from an in vivo plant and leaves of in vitro origin with the A4 strain resulted in the emergence of hairy roots at a transformation frequency of 86.33 and 42.33 %, respectively. Independent transformed root somaclones (rhizoclones) capable of sustained growth were maintained under a low illumination in auxin-free agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium through subcultures at periodic intervals. The presence of pRi T L-DNA rolB or rolC genes and pRi T R-DNA mas2 gene in the transformed rhizoclone genome was ascertained by PCR amplification. Concentrations and type of carbon source, auxin and media strength were optimized for root biomass growth. Five independent rhizoclones each from A4- and LBA9402-transformed root lines were studied for their plumbagin accumulation at different growth phases, using HPLC analysis. The potential for plumbagin biosynthesis was expressed in all the tested rhizoclones, although distinct inter-clonal variations were noted. It was evident that maturation of hairy roots was more important for plumbagin accumulation; slow-growing and early-maturing rhizoclones accumulated more plumbagin compared to fast-growing and late-maturing rhizoclones. A4-induced rhizoclone HRA2B5 was identified as the most superior clone with a higher plumbagin yield potential in comparison with other tested hairy root clones, in vitro-grown non-transformed roots and in vivo roots of naturally occurring P. zeylanica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranati Nayak
- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Facility, Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Ohira S, Yokogawa Y, Tsuji S, Mitsui T, Fukukawa T, Hayashi KI, Kuboki A, Matsuura N, Iinuma M, Nozaki H. New naphthoquinone and monoterpenoid from Plumbago zeylanica. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
105
|
Han JG, Gupta SC, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Piperlongumine chemosensitizes tumor cells through interaction with cysteine 179 of IκBα kinase, leading to suppression of NF-κB-regulated gene products. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2422-35. [PMID: 25082961 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two different reports appeared in prominent journals suggesting a mechanism by which piperlongumine, a pyridine alkaloid, mediates anticancer effects. In the current report, we describe another novel mechanism by which this alkaloid mediates its anticancer effects. We found that piperlongumine blocked NF-κB activated by TNFα and various other cancer promoters. This downregulation was accompanied by inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Further investigation revealed that this pyridine alkaloid directly interacts with IκBα kinase (IKK) and inhibits its activity. Inhibition of IKK occurred through interaction with its cysteine 179 as the mutation of this residue to alanine abolished the activity of piperlongumine. Inhibition in NF-κB activity downregulated the expression of proteins involved in cell survival (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, c-IAP-1, c-IAP-2, survivin), proliferation (c-Myc, cyclin D1), inflammation (COX-2, IL6), and invasion (ICAM-1, -9, CXCR-4, VEGF). Overall, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which piperlongumine can exhibit antitumor activity through downmodulation of proinflammatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gang Han
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Drosera peltata Smith var. lunata (Buch.-Ham.) C. B. Clarke as a feasible source of plumbagin: phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity assay. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:737-45. [PMID: 24078108 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Drosera peltata Smith var. lunata (Buch.-Ham.) C. B. Clarke (DPVL) fractions and plumbagin were tested via broth microdilution techniques on Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium citrinum. All of the test substances [petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fraction and aqueous residue (AR)] except for the AR were active against all the tested strains. The petroleum ether fraction (PEF) was the most active (MIC = 5.86-46.88 μg/ml, MFC = 23.44-93.75 μg/ml) of the five tested substances and therefore, was selected for further analysis. Based on antifungal activity, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the PEF led to the isolation of plumbagin. The structure of plumbagin was elucidated by ¹H and ¹³C NMR. Using HPLC, DPVL was found to be a new source of plumbagin. Reversed-phase HPLC was performed using a mobile phase of water and methanol, and peaks were detected at 254 nm. Plumbagin showed a good linear relationship at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10 μg/ml. Both the intraday and the interday precision showed that the method was precise, with RSDs of at least 3% at different concentrations. Recovery rates ranging from 97.86 to 99.94% were observed, which indicate that the method is accurate. The specificity of the method was established by checking the peak purity of plumbagin. For six independent measurements, the average plumbagin content in DPVL was 11.05 ± 0.31 mg/g of dried material. The validated HPLC method provides a new basis for assessing DPVL quality.
Collapse
|
107
|
Sagar S, Esau L, Moosa B, Khashab NM, Bajic VB, Kaur M. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by a plumbagin derivative in estrogen positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:170-80. [PMID: 24164046 PMCID: PMC3894702 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113136660369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin [5-hydroxy- 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthaquinone] is a well-known plant derived anticancer lead compound. Several efforts have been made to synthesize its analogs and derivatives in order to increase its anticancer potential. In the present study, plumbagin and its five derivatives have been evaluated for their antiproliferative potential in one normal and four human cancer cell lines. Treatment with derivatives resulted in dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of various cancer cell lines. Prescreening of compounds led us to focus our further investigations on acetyl plumbagin, which showed remarkably low toxicity towards normal BJ cells and HepG2 cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis induction were determined by APOPercentage staining, caspase-3/7 activation, reactive oxygen species production and cell cycle analysis. The modulation of apoptotic genes (p53, Mdm2, NF-kB, Bad, Bax, Bcl-2 and Casp-7) was also measured using real time PCR. The positive staining using APOPercentage dye, increased caspase-3/7 activity, increased ROS production and enhanced mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes suggested that acetyl plumbagin exhibits anticancer effects on MCF-7 cells through its apoptosis-inducing property. A key highlighting point of the study is low toxicity of acetyl plumbagin towards normal BJ cells and negligible hepatotoxicity (data based on HepG2 cell line). Overall results showed that acetyl plumbagin with reduced toxicity might have the potential to be a new lead molecule for testing against estrogen positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mandeep Kaur
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Building 2, Level 4, R-4336, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal- 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Eldhose B, Gunawan M, Rahman M, Latha MS, Notario V. Plumbagin reduces human colon cancer cell survival by inducing cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1913-20. [PMID: 25109615 PMCID: PMC4203329 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increased use of early detection methods and more aggressive treatment strategies, the worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer is still on the rise. Consequently, it remains urgent to identify novel agents with enhanced efficacy in prevention and/or therapeutic protocols. Our studies focused on the use of Plumbagin, a natural phytochemical that showed promising results against other tumor types, to determine its effectiveness in blocking the proliferation and survival of colon cancer cells in experimental protocols mimicking the environment in primary tumors (attached culture conditions) and in circulating tumor cells (unattached conditions). Under both experimental settings, exposure of HCT116 cells to Plumbagin concentrations in the low micromolar range resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, apoptosis via the mitochondrial cell death pathway, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. The cell cycle effects were more noticeable in attached cells, whereas the induction of cell death was more evident in unattached cells. These effects were consistent with the nature and the magnitude of the alterations induced by Plumbagin on the expression levels of a set of proteins known to play key roles in the regulation of cell cycle dynamics, apoptosis mechanisms and cell proliferation. In light of its previously reported lack of toxicity on normal colon cells and the striking anti-survival effect on colon cancer cells observed in our study, Plumbagin should be considered a promising drug for the treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binil Eldhose
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala-686560, India
| | - Mia Gunawan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mukalel S Latha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala-686560, India
| | - Vicente Notario
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Gaascht F, Teiten MH, Cerella C, Dicato M, Bagrel D, Diederich M. Plumbagin modulates leukemia cell redox status. Molecules 2014; 19:10011-32. [PMID: 25014531 PMCID: PMC6270689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin is a plant naphtoquinone exerting anti-cancer properties including apoptotic cell death induction and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to elucidate parameters explaining the differential leukemia cell sensitivity towards this compound. Among several leukemia cell lines, U937 monocytic leukemia cells appeared more sensitive to plumbagin treatment in terms of cytotoxicity and level of apoptotic cell death compared to more resistant Raji Burkitt lymphoma cells. Moreover, U937 cells exhibited a ten-fold higher ROS production compared to Raji. Neither differential incorporation, nor efflux of plumbagin was detected. Pre-treatment with thiol-containing antioxidants prevented ROS production and subsequent induction of cell death by apoptosis whereas non-thiol-containing antioxidants remained ineffective in both cellular models. We conclude that the anticancer potential of plumbagin is driven by pro-oxidant activities related to the cellular thiolstat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Gaascht
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - Marie-Hélène Teiten
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - Denyse Bagrel
- Laboratoire Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes, UMR CNRS 7565, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57070 Metz, France.
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Zhang K, Ge Z, Da Y, Wang D, Liu Y, Xue Z, Li Y, Li W, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang H, Peng M, Hao J, Yao Z, Zhang R. Plumbagin suppresses dendritic cell functions and alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 273:42-52. [PMID: 24953531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PL, 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a herbal compound derived from medicinal plants of the Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Dioncophyllaceae, and Ancistrocladaceae families. Reports have shown that PL exerts immunomodulatory activity and may be a novel drug candidate for immune-related disease therapy. However, its effects on dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs), remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that PL inhibits the differentiation, maturation, and function of human monocyte-derived DCs. PL can also restrict the expression of Th1- and Th17-polarizing cytokines in mDC. In addition, PL suppresses DCs both in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by its effects on the mouse DC line DC2.4 and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), respectively. Notably, PL ameliorated the clinical symptoms of EAE, including central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination. Our results demonstrate the immune suppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of PL via its effects on DCs and suggest that PL could be a potential treatment for DC-related autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ge
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yurong Da
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meiyu Peng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, Checker R, Sandur SK. Mitigation of radiation-induced hematopoietic injury via regulation of cellular MAPK/phosphatase levels and increasing hematopoietic stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:52-64. [PMID: 24287141 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel strategy for mitigation of ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome by suppressing the activity of MKP3, resulting in ERK activation and enhanced abundance of hematopoietic stem cells, using the antioxidant flavonoid baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone). It offered complete protection to mouse splenic lymphocytes against radiation-induced cell death. Inhibitors of ERK and Nrf-2 could significantly abrogate baicalein-mediated radioprotection in lymphocytes. Baicalein inhibited phosphatase MKP3 and thereby enhanced phosphorylation of ERK and its downstream proteins such as Elk and Nrf-2. It also increased the nuclear levels of Nrf-2 and the mRNA levels of its dependent genes. Importantly, baicalein administration to mice before radiation exposure led to significant recovery of loss of bone marrow cellularity and also inhibited cell death. Administration of baicalein increased the hematopoietic stem cell frequency as measured by side-population assay and also by antibody staining. Further, baicalein offered significant protection against whole-body irradiation (WBI; 7.5Gy)-induced mortality in mice. Interestingly, we found that baicalein works by activating the same target molecules ERK and Nrf-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (inhibitor of Nrf-2) significantly abrogated baicalein-mediated protection against WBI-induced mortality in mice. Thus, in contrast to the generalized conception of antioxidants acting as radioprotectors, we provide a rationale that antioxidants exhibit pleiotropic effects through the activation of multiple cellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Jamal MS, Parveen S, Beg MA, Suhail M, Chaudhary AGA, Damanhouri GA, Abuzenadah AM, Rehan M. Anticancer compound plumbagin and its molecular targets: a structural insight into the inhibitory mechanisms using computational approaches. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87309. [PMID: 24586269 PMCID: PMC3937309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a naphthoquinone derivative from the roots of plant Plumbago zeylanica and belongs to one of the largest and diverse groups of plant metabolites. The anticancer and antiproliferative activities of plumbagin have been observed in animal models as well as in cell cultures. Plumbagin exerts inhibitory effects on multiple cancer-signaling proteins, however, the binding mode and the molecular interactions have not yet been elucidated for most of these protein targets. The present study is the first attempt to provide structural insights into the binding mode of plumbagin to five cancer signaling proteins viz. PI3Kγ, AKT1/PKBα, Bcl-2, NF-κB, and Stat3 using molecular docking and (un)binding simulation analysis. We validated plumbagin docking to these targets with previously known important residues. The study also identified and characterized various novel interacting residues of these targets which mediate the binding of plumbagin. Moreover, the exact modes of inhibition when multiple mode of inhibition existed was also shown. Results indicated that the engaging of these important interacting residues in plumbagin binding leads to inhibition of these cancer-signaling proteins which are key players in the pathogenesis of cancer and thereby ceases the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Parveen
- Bareilly College, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Mohd A. Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G. A. Chaudhary
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A. Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Du J, Huang Y, Yan H, Zhang Q, Zhao M, Zhu M, Liu J, Chen SX, Bu D, Tang C, Jin H. Hydrogen sulfide suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 generation from macrophages via the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9741-53. [PMID: 24550391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.517995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the generation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) from macrophages and possible mechanisms. THP-1 cells and RAW macrophages were pretreated with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and hexyl acrylate and then treated with ox-LDL. The results showed that ox-LDL treatment down-regulated the H2S/cystathionine-β-synthase pathway, with increased MCP-1 protein and mRNA expression in both THP-1 cells and RAW macrophages. Hexyl acrylate promoted ox-LDL-induced inflammation, whereas the H2S donor NaHS inhibited it. NaHS markedly suppressed NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity, and recruitment to the MCP-1 promoter in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Furthermore, NaHS decreased the ratio of free thiol groups in p65, whereas the thiol reductant DTT reversed the inhibiting effect of H2S on the p65 DNA binding activity. Most importantly, site-specific mutation of cysteine 38 to serine in p65 abolished the effect of H2S on the sulfhydration of NF-κB and ox-LDL-induced NF-κB activation. These results suggested that endogenous H2S inhibited ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation by suppressing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity, and recruitment to the MCP-1 promoter. The sulfhydration of free thiol group on cysteine 38 in p65 served as a molecular mechanism by which H2S inhibited NF-κB pathway activation in ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Du
- From the Department of Pediatrics and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Vasudevarao MD, Mizar P, Kumari S, Mandal S, Siddhanta S, Swamy MMM, Kaypee S, Kodihalli RC, Banerjee A, Naryana C, Dasgupta D, Kundu TK. Naphthoquinone-mediated inhibition of lysine acetyltransferase KAT3B/p300, basis for non-toxic inhibitor synthesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7702-17. [PMID: 24469461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.486522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxynaphthoquinone-based inhibitors of the lysine acetyltransferase KAT3B (p300), such as plumbagin, are relatively toxic. Here, we report that free thiol reactivity and redox cycling properties greatly contribute to the toxicity of plumbagin. A reactive 3rd position in the naphthoquinone derivatives is essential for thiol reactivity and enhances redox cycling. Using this clue, we synthesized PTK1, harboring a methyl substitution at the 3rd position of plumbagin. This molecule loses its thiol reactivity completely and its redox cycling ability to a lesser extent. Mechanistically, non-competitive, reversible binding of the inhibitor to the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) domain of p300 is largely responsible for the acetyltransferase inhibition. Remarkably, the modified inhibitor PTK1 was a nearly non-toxic inhibitor of p300. The present report elucidates the mechanism of acetyltransferase activity inhibition by 1,4-naphthoquinones, which involves redox cycling and nucleophilic adduct formation, and it suggests possible routes of synthesis of the non-toxic inhibitor.
Collapse
|
115
|
Sumsakul W, Plengsuriyakarn T, Chaijaroenkul W, Viyanant V, Karbwang J, Na-Bangchang K. Antimalarial activity of plumbagin in vitro and in animal models. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:15. [PMID: 24410949 PMCID: PMC3897931 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Plumbagin is the major active constituent in several plants including Plumbago indica Linn. (root). This compound has been shown to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of plumbagin including its acute and subacute toxicity in mice. Methods In vitro antimalarial activity of plumbagin against K1 and 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum clones were assessed using SYBR Green I based assay. In vivo antimalarial activity was investigated in Plasmodium berghei-infected mouse model (a 4-day suppressive test). Results Plumbagin exhibited promising antimalarial activity with in vitro IC50 (concentration that inhibits parasite growth to 50%) against 3D7 chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum and K1 chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum clones of 580 (270–640) and 370 (270–490) nM, respectively. Toxicity testing indicated relatively low toxicity at the dose levels up to 100 (single oral dose) and 25 (daily doses for 14 days) mg/kg body weight for acute and subacute toxicity, respectively. Chloroquine exhibited the most potent antimalarial activity in mice infected with P. berghei ANKA strain with respect to its activity on the reduction of parasitaemia on day 4 and the prolongation of survival time. Conclusions Plumbagin at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight given for 4 days was safe and produced weak antimalarial activity. Chemical derivatization of the parent compound or preparation of modified formulation is required to improve its systemic bioavailability.
Collapse
|
116
|
Yan W, Wang TY, Fan QM, Du L, Xu JK, Zhai ZJ, Li HW, Tang TT. Plumbagin attenuates cancer cell growth and osteoclast formation in the bone microenvironment of mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:124-34. [PMID: 24384612 PMCID: PMC4075744 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derived from the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, on human breast cancer cell growth and the cancer cell-induced osteolysis in the bone microenvironment of mice. METHODS Human breast cancer cell subline MDA-MB-231SA with the ability to spread and grow in the bone was tested. The cell proliferation was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected with Annexin V/PI double-labeled flow cytometry. Red fluorescent protein-labeled MDA-MB-231SArfp cells were injected into the right tibia of female BALB/c-nu/nu mice. Three days after the inoculation, the mice were injected with plumbagin (2, 4, or 6 mg/kg, ip) 5 times per week for 7 weeks. The growth of the tumor cells was monitored using an in vivo imaging system. After the mice were sacrificed, the hind limbs were removed for radiographic and histological analyses. RESULTS Plumbagin (2.5-20 μmol/L) concentration-dependently inhibited the cell viability and induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231SA cells in vitro (the IC50 value of inhibition of cell viability was 14.7 μmol/L). Administration of plumbagin to breast cancer bearing mice delayed the tumor growth by 2-3 weeks and reduced the tumor volume by 44%-74%. The in vivo imaging study showed that plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited MDA-MB-231SArfp cell growth in bone microenvironment. Furthermore, X-ray images and micro-CT study demonstrated that plumbagin reduced bone erosion area and prevented a decrease in bone tissue volume. Histological studies showed that plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited the breast cancer cell growth, enhanced the cell apoptosis and reduced the number of TRAcP-positive osteoclasts. CONCLUSION Plumbagin inhibits the cell growth and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in mice bone microenvironment, leading to significant reduction in osteolytic lesions caused by the tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Wendeng Zhenggu Hospital of Shandong Province, Wendeng 264400, China
| | - Ting-yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qi-ming Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lin Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia-ke Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Zan-jing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hao-wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ting-ting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Liu X, Niu M, Xu X, Cai W, Zeng L, Zhou X, Yu R, Xu K. CRM1 is a direct cellular target of the natural anti-cancer agent plumbagin. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:486-93. [PMID: 24739265 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13240fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derived from the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, has been shown to exert anti-cancer and anti-proliferative activities in vitro as well as in animal tumor models. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-tumor action still remains unclear. CRM1 is a nuclear export receptor involved in the active transport of tumor suppressors whose function is altered in cancer due to increased expression and overactive transport. We showed that CRM1 is a direct cellular target of plumbagin. The nuclei of cells incubated with plumbagin accumulated tumor-suppressor proteins and inhibited the interactions between CRM1 and these proteins. Particularly, we demonstrated that plumbagin could specifically react with the conserved Cys(528) of CRM1 but not with a Cys(528) mutant peptide through Mass spectrometric analysis. More importantly, cancer cells that are transfected with mutant CRM1 (C528S) are resistant to the inhibitory effects of plumbagin, demonstrating that the inhibition is through direct interaction with Cys(528) of CRM1. The inhibition of nuclear traffic by plumbagin may account for its therapeutic properties in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Our findings could contribute to the development of a new class of CRM1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Duraipandy N, Lakra R, Kunnavakkam Vinjimur S, Samanta D, K PS, Kiran MS. Caging of plumbagin on silver nanoparticles imparts selectivity and sensitivity to plumbagin for targeted cancer cell apoptosis. Metallomics 2014; 6:2025-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nano-caging of plumbagin for selective killing of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Duraipandy
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CLRI
- Chennai-20, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi, India
| | - Rachita Lakra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CLRI
- Chennai-20, India
| | | | - Debasis Samanta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CLRI
- Chennai-20, India
| | - Purna Sai K
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CLRI
- Chennai-20, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi, India
| | - Manikantan Syamala Kiran
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CLRI
- Chennai-20, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Wang T, Wu F, Jin Z, Zhai Z, Wang Y, Tu B, Yan W, Tang T. Plumbagin inhibits LPS-induced inflammation through the inactivation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:177-83. [PMID: 24296134 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PL) has been reported to exhibit anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, but little is known about its mechanism. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory property of PL and its mechanism of action. Although no significant cytotoxicity of PL was observed over the concentration range tested, PL (2.5-7.5 μM) significantly and dose-dependently suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, PL consistently suppressed the activity of iNOS in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of PL, we assessed the effects of PL on the MAPK pathway and the activity and expression of NF-κB. These experiments demonstrated that PL significantly reduced the luciferase activity of an NF-κB promoter reporter and p65 nuclear translocation. The LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinases was also attenuated by PL; significant changes were observed in the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK. Additionally, MAPK inhibitors confirmed the inhibitory effect of PL on the MAPK pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that PL exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhigui Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bing Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Plumbagin, a Vitamin K3 Analogue, abrogates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Endotoxic Shock via NF-κB Suppression. Inflammation 2013; 37:542-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
121
|
Xu TP, Shen H, Liu LX, Shu YQ. Plumbagin from Plumbago Zeylanica L induces apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines through NF- κB inactivation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2325-31. [PMID: 23725135 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect effects of plumbagin on proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549, H292 and H460 were treated with various concentrations of plumbagin. Cell proliferation rates was determined using both cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assays. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V/propidium iodide double-labeled flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Activity of NF-κB was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of both NF-κB regulated apoptotic-related gene and activation of p65 and IκBκ. RESULTS Plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of the lung cancer cells. The IC50 values of plumbagin in A549, H292, and H460 cells were 10.3 μmol/L, 7.3 μmol/L, and 6.1 μmol/L for 12 hours, respectively. The compound concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of the three cell lines. Treatment with plumbagin increased the intracellular level of ROS, and inhibited the activation of NK-κB. In addition to inhibition of NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation, the compound also suppressed the degradation of IκBκ. ROS scavenger NAC highly reversed the effect of plumbagin on apoptosis and inactivation of NK-κB in H460 cell line. Treatment with plumbagin also increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, upregulated the expression of Bax, Bak, and CytC. CONCLUSIONS Plumbagin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells through an NF-κB-regulated mitochondrial-mediated pathway, involving activation of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Jayakumar S, Kunwar A, Sandur SK, Pandey BN, Chaubey RC. Differential response of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation: role of reactive oxygen species, GSH and Nrf2 in radiosensitivity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:485-94. [PMID: 24121106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioresistance is the major impediment in radiotherapy of many cancers including prostate cancer, necessitating the need to understand the factors contributing to radioresistance in tumor cells. In the present study, the role of cellular redox and redox sensitive transcription factor, Nrf2 in the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145, has been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differential radiosensitivity of PC3 and DU145 cells was assessed using clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, and comet assay. Their redox status was measured using DCFDA and DHR probes. Expression of Nrf2 and its dependent genes was measured by EMSA and real time PCR. Knockdown studies were done using shRNA transfection. RESULTS PC3 and DU145 cells differed significantly in their radiosensitivity as observed by clonogenic survival, apoptosis and neutral comet assays. Both basal and inducible levels of ROS were higher in PC3 cells than that of DU145 cells. DU145 cells showed higher level of basal GSH content and GSH/GSSG ratio than that of PC3 cells. Further, significant increase in both basal and induced levels of Nrf2 and its dependent genes was observed in DU145 cells. Knock-down experiments and pharmacological intervention studies revealed the involvement of Nrf2 in differential radio-resistance of these cells. CONCLUSION Cellular redox status and Nrf2 levels play a causal role in radio-resistance of prostate cancer cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The pivotal role Nrf2 has been shown in the radioresistance of tumor cells and this study will further help in exploiting this factor in radiosensitization of other tumor cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Gaascht F, Dicato M, Diederich M. Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Solander ex Ellis) Contains Powerful Compounds that Prevent and Cure Cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:202. [PMID: 23971004 PMCID: PMC3747514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention uses natural or synthetic molecules without toxic effects to prevent and/or block emergence and development of diseases including cancer. Many of these natural molecules modulate mitogenic signals involved in cell survival, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, or on processes involved in the development of metastases occur naturally, especially in fruits and vegetables bur also in non-comestible plants. Carnivorous plants including the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Solander ex Ellis) are much less investigated, but appear to contain a wealth of potent bioactive secondary metabolites. Aim of this review is to give insight into molecular mechanisms triggered by compounds isolated from these interesting plants with either therapeutic or chemopreventive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Gaascht
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of plumbagin and other naphthoquinones. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
125
|
Pile JE, Navalta JW, Davis CD, Sharma NC. Interventional effects of plumbagin on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1001-6. [PMID: 23742275 PMCID: PMC3752897 DOI: 10.1021/np3008792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (1) is a naphthoquinone constituent of plants that have been used in traditional systems of medicine since ancient times. In the present study, the role of 1 was examined on the amelioration of ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease that is not curable currently. Plumbagin was tested at a dose of 6-10 mg/kg body weight in acute and chronic disease models. Diseased mice receiving 1 at 8-10 mg/kg demonstrated a significant suppression of disease symptoms in both models. However, body weight loss was not restored in either of the models. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17) were reduced significantly by 1 in mice suffering from chronic disease, while cytokine levels remained unaffected in mice with acute disease. However, the percentage of inflammatory (CD14+/CD16+) monocytes present in peripheral blood was significantly reduced by >3-fold (p < 0.05) in treatment groups relative to controls in the acute model. Histological evaluations exhibited the restoration of goblet cells, crypts, and the submucosa along with a significant reduction in monocyte aggregation in colon sections from mice receiving treatment with 1. Restoration in colon size was also observed in the treatment groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Pile
- Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - James W. Navalta
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Cheryl D. Davis
- Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - Nilesh C. Sharma
- Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Mani J, Kumar S, Dobos GJ, Haferkamp A. [Aspects of traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) in urology]. Urologe A 2013. [PMID: 23178846 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-012-3063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ayurveda is from a global viewpoint the oldest and the most employed traditional form of medicine in India. The difference to western medicine is that this form of medicine is based on experience, empirical evidence and intuition accumulated over thousands of years and passed down through generations orally as well as by sketches. Ayurveda is not only concerned with the physical but also with the spiritual aspects of the body and according to this doctrine most diseases result from psychological and pathological alterations in the body. Ultimately, the definition of health according to Ayurveda is an equilibrium between the physical, mental and spiritual components. Ayurvedic medicine is used within the framework of the treatment of urolithiasis for diuresis, for litholysis, as an analgetic for spasms and with an antimicrobial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mani
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt a.M., Deutschland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Patwardhan RS, Checker R, Sharma D, Sandur SK, Sainis KB. Involvement of ERK-Nrf-2 signaling in ionizing radiation induced cell death in normal and tumor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65929. [PMID: 23776571 PMCID: PMC3679038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged oxidative stress favors tumorigenic environment and inflammation. Oxidative stress may trigger redox adaptation mechanism(s) in tumor cells but not normal cells. This may increase levels of intracellular antioxidants and establish a new redox homeostasis. Nrf-2, a master regulator of battery of antioxidant genes is constitutively activated in many tumor cells. Here we show that, murine T cell lymphoma EL-4 cells show constitutive and inducible radioresistance via activation of Nrf-2/ERK pathway. EL-4 cells contained lower levels of ROS than their normal counterpart murine splenic lymphocytes. In response to radiation, the thiol redox circuits, GSH and thioredoxin were modified in EL-4 cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of ERK and Nrf-2 significantly enhanced radiosensitivity and reduced clonogenic potential of EL-4 cells. Unirradiated lymphoma cells showed nuclear accumulation of Nrf-2, upregulation of its dependent genes and protein levels. Interestingly, MEK inhibitor abrogated its nuclear translocation suggesting role of ERK in basal and radiation induced Nrf-2 activation in tumor cells. Double knockdown of ERK and Nrf-2 resulted in higher sensitivity to radiation induced cell death as compared to individual knockdown cells. Importantly, NF-kB which is reported to be constitutively active in many tumors was not present at basal levels in EL-4 cells and its inhibition did not influence radiosensitivity of EL-4 cells. Thus our results reveal that, tumor cells which are subjected to heightened oxidative stress employ master regulator cellular redox homeostasis Nrf-2 for prevention of radiation induced cell death. Our study reveals the molecular basis of tumor radioresistance and highlights role of Nrf-2 and ERK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S. Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K. Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Krishna B. Sainis
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Chen MB, Zhang Y, Wei MX, Shen W, Wu XY, Yao C, Lu PH. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates plumbagin-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in cultured human colon cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1993-2002. [PMID: 23712032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we report that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates plumbagin-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in both primary cultured human colon cancer cells and cell lines. Knocking-down of AMPKα by the target shRNA significantly inhibits plumbagin-induced cytotoxicity in cultured colon cancer cells, while forced activation of AMPK by introducing a constitutively active AMPK (CA-AMPK), or by the AMPK activator, inhibits HT-29 colon cancer cell growth. Our Western-blots and immunoprecipitation (IP) results demonstrate that plumbagin induces AMPK/Apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) association to activate pro-apoptotic c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)-p53 signal axis. Further, after plumbagin treatment, activated AMPK directly phosphorylates Raptor to inhibit mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation and Bcl-2 expression in colon cancer cells. Finally, we found that exogenously-added short-chain ceramide (C6) enhances plumbagin-induced AMPK activation and facilitates cell apoptosis and growth inhibition. Our results suggest that AMPK might be the key mediator of plumbagin's anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin Road, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Abedinpour P, Baron VT, Chrastina A, Welsh J, Borgström P. The combination of plumbagin with androgen withdrawal causes profound regression of prostate tumors in vivo. Prostate 2013; 73:489-99. [PMID: 22996809 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal ablation is the standard treatment for disseminated androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Although tumor growth is controlled at first, the tumor invariably recurs in the form of castration-resistant prostate cancer. This study assessed the efficacy of a new therapeutic strategy that combines plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, with androgen ablation. METHODS Viewing microscopy chambers were placed in the dorsal skinfold of mice. Syngeneic prostate tissue was grafted within the chambers and allowed to vascularize. H2B-GFP/PTEN-P2 prostate cancer cells were co-implanted on top of the grafted prostate tissue. Androgen ablation was achieved using surgical castration. Intact and castrated mice were administered plumbagin or sham treatment. Tumor growth, mitosis and apoptosis were monitored in real-time using fluorescent Intra-Vital Microscopy. The mechanism of action of plumbagin was explored using human and mouse prostate cancer cells. RESULTS Whereas both plumbagin and castration alone impeded tumor growth, only the combination of plumbagin and castration caused profound tumor regression in vivo, mostly due to increased apoptosis of the tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of plumbagin was not affected by androgens in vitro, suggesting that microenvironmental factors not present in culture play a crucial role in the combination effect. Plumbagin-induced cell death was mediated, at least in part, by activation of ERK and was due to generation of reactive oxygen species, because it was abolished by the anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. CONCLUSION Androgen deprivation in combination with plumbagin may provide a significant improvement over androgen deprivation alone and deserves further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Abedinpour
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Sinha S, Pal K, Elkhanany A, Dutta S, Cao Y, Mondal G, Iyer S, Somasundaram V, Couch FJ, Shridhar V, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay D, Srinivas P. Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:1201-12. [PMID: 22806981 PMCID: PMC3496826 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of tumor development and metastatic progression, and anti-angiogenic drugs targeting the VEGF pathway have shown to decrease the disease progression in cancer patients. In this study, we have analyzed the anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic property of plumbagin in cisplatin sensitive, BRCA2 deficient, PEO-1 and cisplatin resistant, BRCA2 proficient PEO-4 ovarian cancer cells. Both PEO-1 and PEO-4 ovarian cancer cells are sensitive to plumbagin irrespective of BRCA2 status in both normoxia and hypoxia. Importantly, plumbagin treatment effectively inhibits VEGF-A and Glut-1 in PEO-1 and PEO-4 ovarian cancer cells. We have also analyzed the p53 mutant, cisplatin resistant, and BRCA2 proficient OVCAR-5 cells. Plumbagin challenge also restricts the VEGF induced pro-angiogenic signaling in HUVECs and subsequently endothelial cell proliferation. In addition, we observe a significant effect on tumor regression among OVCAR-5 tumor-bearing mice treated with plumbagin, which is associated with significant inhibition of Ki67 and vWF expressions. Plumbagin also significantly reduces CD31 expression in an ear angiogenesis assay. Collectively, our studies indicate that plumbagin, as an anti-cancer agent disrupts growth of ovarian cancer cells through the inhibition of proliferation as well as angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | | | - Shamit Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Gourish Mondal
- Department of Laboratory medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Seethalakshmi Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Veena Somasundaram
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Laboratory medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN-55905
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Silva DS, Pereira LMG, Moreira AR, Ferreira-da-Silva F, Brito RM, Faria TQ, Zornetta I, Montecucco C, Oliveira P, Azevedo JE, Pereira PJB, Macedo-Ribeiro S, do Vale A, dos Santos NMS. The apoptogenic toxin AIP56 is a metalloprotease A-B toxin that cleaves NF-κb P65. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003128. [PMID: 23468618 PMCID: PMC3585134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIP56 (apoptosis-inducing protein of 56 kDa) is a major virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae piscicida (Phdp), a Gram-negative pathogen that causes septicemic infections, which are among the most threatening diseases in mariculture. The toxin triggers apoptosis of host macrophages and neutrophils through a process that, in vivo, culminates with secondary necrosis of the apoptotic cells contributing to the necrotic lesions observed in the diseased animals. Here, we show that AIP56 is a NF-κB p65-cleaving zinc-metalloprotease whose catalytic activity is required for the apoptogenic effect. Most of the bacterial effectors known to target NF-κB are type III secreted effectors. In contrast, we demonstrate that AIP56 is an A-B toxin capable of acting at distance, without requiring contact of the bacteria with the target cell. We also show that the N-terminal domain cleaves NF-κB at the Cys39-Glu40 peptide bond and that the C-terminal domain is involved in binding and internalization into the cytosol. The apoptosis inducing protein of 56 kDa (AIP56) is a key virulence factor secreted by Photobacterium damselae piscicida (Phdp), a Gram-negative bacterium that causes septicaemic infections in economically important marine fish species. It is known that AIP56 induces massive destruction of the phagocytic cells of the infected host, allowing the extracellular multiplication of the bacteria and contributing to the genesis of the pathology. Here we show that AIP56 acts by cleaving NF-κB p65. The NF-κB family of transcription factors is evolutionarily conserved and plays a central role in the host responses to microbial pathogen invasion, regulating the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved complex strategies to interfere with NF-κB signalling, usually by injecting protein effectors directly into the cell's cytosol through bacterial secretion machineries that require contact with host cells. In contrast, AIP56 acts at distance and has an intrinsic ability to reach the cytosol due to the presence of a C-terminal domain that functions as “delivery module.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Silva
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana M. G. Pereira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Moreira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Frederico Ferreira-da-Silva
- Protein Production and Purification, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Brito
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Q. Faria
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irene Zornetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche dell'Università di Padova and Instituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche dell'Università di Padova and Instituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge E. Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. B. Pereira
- Biomolecular Structure, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- Protein Crystallography, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana do Vale
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. S. dos Santos
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Plumbagin, a medicinal plant (Plumbago zeylanica)-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone, inhibits growth and metastasis of human prostate cancer PC-3M-luciferase cells in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Mol Oncol 2012; 7:428-39. [PMID: 23273564 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here first time that Plumbagin (PL), a medicinal plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone, inhibits the growth and metastasis of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. In this study, human PCa PC-3M-luciferase cells (2 × 10(6)) were injected into the prostate of athymic nude mice. Three days post cell implantation, mice were treated with PL (2 mg/kg body wt. i.p. five days in a week) for 8 weeks. Growth and metastasis of PC-3M-luciferase cells was examined weekly by bioluminescence imaging of live mice. PL-treatment significantly (p = 0.0008) inhibited the growth of orthotopic xenograft tumors. Results demonstrated a significant inhibition of metastasis into liver (p = 0.037), but inhibition of metastasis into the lungs (p = 0.60) and lymph nodes (p = 0.27) was not observed to be significant. These results were further confirmed by histopathology of these organs. Results of histopathology demonstrated a significant inhibition of metastasis into lymph nodes (p = 0.034) and lungs (p = 0.028), and a trend to significance in liver (p = 0.075). None of the mice in the PL-treatment group showed PCa metastasis into the liver, but these mice had small metastasis foci into the lymph nodes and lungs. However, control mice had large metastatic foci into the lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. PL-caused inhibition of the growth and metastasis of PC-3M cells accompanies inhibition of the expression of: 1) PKCε, pStat3Tyr705, and pStat3Ser727, 2) Stat3 downstream target genes (survivin and Bcl(xL)), 3) proliferative markers Ki-67 and PCNA, 4) metastatic marker MMP9, MMP2, and uPA, and 5) angiogenesis markers CD31 and VEGF. Taken together, these results suggest that PL inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of human PCa PC3-M-luciferase cells, which could be used as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of human PCa.
Collapse
|
133
|
CHEN YU, HE YUFANG, NAN MINLUN, SUN WENYI, HU JIE, CUI AI, LI FAN, WANG FANG. Novel rotundic acid derivatives: Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro antitumor activity. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:353-60. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
134
|
Hafeez BB, Jamal MS, Fischer JW, Mustafa A, Verma AK. Plumbagin, a plant derived natural agent inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo via targeting EGFR, Stat3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2175-86. [PMID: 22322442 PMCID: PMC3522120 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most aggressive malignant disease, ranks as the fourth most leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the United States. We present here that plumbagin (PL), a quinoid constituent isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L, inhibits the growth of PC cells both in vitro and in vivo model systems. PL treatment induces apoptosis and inhibits cell viability of PC cells (PANC1, BxPC3 and ASPC1). In addition, i.p. administration of PL (2 mg/kg body weight, 5 days a week) in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice beginning 3 days after ectopic implantation of PANC1 cells resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) inhibition of both tumor weight and volume. PL treatment inhibited (1) constitutive expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), pStat3Tyr705 and pStat3Ser727, (2) DNA binding of Stat3 and (3) physical interaction of EGFR with Stat3, in both cultured PANC1 cells and their xenograft tumors. PL treatment also inhibited phosphorylation and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in both cultured PC cells (PANC1 and ASPC1) and in PANC1 cells xenograft tumors. Downstream target genes (cyclin D1, MMP9 and Survivin) of Stat3 and NF-κB were similarly inhibited. These results suggest that PL may be used as a novel therapeutic agent against human PC. Published 2012 Wiley-Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work, and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Gelam honey scavenges peroxynitrite during the immune response. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:12113-12129. [PMID: 23109904 PMCID: PMC3472796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130912113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are part of the first-line defense against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections during host immune responses; they express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules, including nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and their reaction product peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite is a short-lived oxidant and a potent inducer of cell death. Honey, in addition to its well-known sweetening properties, is a natural antioxidant that has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine. We examined the ability of Gelam honey, derived from the Gelam tree (Melaleuca spp.), to scavenge peroxynitrite during immune responses mounted in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ (LPS/IFN-γ) and in LPS-treated rats. Gelam honey significantly improved the viability of LPS/IFN-γ-treated RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited nitric oxide production-similar to the effects observed with an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (1400W). Furthermore, honey, but not 1400W, inhibited peroxynitrite production from the synthetic substrate 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) and prevented the peroxynitrite-mediated conversion of dihydrorhodamine 123 to its fluorescent oxidation product rhodamine 123. Honey inhibited peroxynitrite synthesis in LPS-treated rats. Thus, honey may attenuate inflammatory responses that lead to cell damage and death, suggesting its therapeutic uses for several inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
136
|
Dioscoreanone suppresses LPS‐induced nitric oxide production and inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages by NF‐κB and ERK1/2 signaling transduction. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3427-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
137
|
Hafeez BB, Zhong W, Mustafa A, Fischer JW, Witkowsky O, Verma AK. Plumbagin inhibits prostate cancer development in TRAMP mice via targeting PKCε, Stat3 and neuroendocrine markers. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2586-92. [PMID: 22976928 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (PL), 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, is a quinoid constituent isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. (also known as chitrak). PL has also been found in Juglans regia (English Walnut), Juglans cinerea (whitenut) and Juglans nigra (blacknut). The roots of P. zeylanica have been used in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine for more than 2500 years for the treatment of various types of ailments. We were the first to report that PL inhibits the growth and invasion of hormone refractory prostate cancer (PCa) cells [Aziz,M.H. et al. (2008) Plumbagin, a medicinal plant-derived naphthoquinone, is a novel inhibitor of the growth and invasion of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res., 68, 9024-9032.]. Now, we present that PL inhibits in vivo PCa development in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP). PL treatment (2 mg/kg body weight i.p. in 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline, 5 days a week) to FVB-TRAMP resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in prostate tumor size and urogenital apparatus weights at 13 and 20 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed that PL treatment inhibited progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC). No animal exhibited diffuse tumor formation in PL-treated group at 13 weeks, whereas 75% of the vehicle-treated mice elicited diffuse PIN and large PDC at this stage. At 20 weeks, 25% of the PL-treated animals demonstrated diffuse PIN and 75% developed small PDC, whereas 100% of the vehicle-treated mice showed large PDC. PL treatment inhibited expression of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin and chromogranin-A) in excised prostate tumor tissues. Taken together, these results further suggest PL could be a novel chemopreventive agent against PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Fluobodies against Bioactive Natural Products and their Application in Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Antibodies (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/antib1020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
139
|
Lai L, Liu J, Zhai D, Lin Q, He L, Dong Y, Zhang J, Lu B, Chen Y, Yi Z, Liu M. Plumbagin inhibits tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth through the Ras signalling pathway following activation of the VEGF receptor-2. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1084-96. [PMID: 21658027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiogenesis-based therapy is an effective anti-tumour strategy and previous reports have shown some beneficial effects of a naturally occurring bioactive compound plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone). Here, we sought to determine the biological effects of plumbagin on signalling mechanisms during tumour angiogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of plumbagin were evaluated in various in vitro assays which utilised human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation, migration and tube formation. Plumbagin was also evaluated in vivo using chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and mouse corneal micropocket models., Human colon carcinoma and prostate cancer xenograft mouse models were used to evaluate the effects of plumbagin on angiogenesis. Immunofluorescence, GST pull-down and Western blotting were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)2-mediated Ras signalling pathways. KEY RESULTS Plumbagin not only inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation but also suppressed chicken chorioallantoic membrane neovascularzation and VEGF-induced mouse corneal angiogenesis. Moreover, plumbagin suppressed tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth in human colon carcinoma and prostate cancer xenograft mouse models. At a molecular level, plumbagin blocked the Ras/Rac/cofilin and Ras/MEK signalling pathways mediated by VEGFR2 in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Plumbagin inhibited tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth by interference with the VEGFR2-mediated Ras signalling pathway in endothelial cells. Our findings demonstrate a molecular basis for the effects of plumbagin and suggest that this compound might have therapeutic ant-tumour effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Lee J, Lim KT. Phytoglycoprotein (38 kDa) induces cell cycle (G₀/G₁) arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3129-39. [PMID: 21695715 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Styrax japonica Siebold et al Zuccarini (SJSZ) has been used to heal inflammation and bronchitis as folk medicine in Korea. Firstly, glycoprotein isolated from SJSZ (SJSZ glycoprotein) has a molecular weight with 38 kDa and consists of carbohydrate (57.64%) and protein (42.35%). In the composition of SJSZ glycoprotein, carbohydrate mostly consists of glucose (28.17%), galactose (21.85%), and mannose (2.62%) out of 52.64%, respectively. The protein consists of Trp (W, 7.01%), Pro (P, 6.72%), and Ile (I, 5.42%) out of 42.35% as three major amino acids, while total amount of other amino acids is 23.20%. The purpose of this study is to know whether the SJSZ glycoprotein (38 kDa) induces the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assay and amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) and nitric oxide (NO) was measured using fluorescence microplate reader. Activities of cell cycle-related proteins [p53, p21, p27, Cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4] and apoptosis-related factors [iNOS, Bid, Bcl-2/bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)] were assessed by Western blot and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. In the cell cycle-related proteins, SJSZ glycoprotein (50 µg/ml) significantly enhances the expression of p53, p21, and p27, whereas it suppressed the activity of cyclin D1/CDK4. In the apoptosis-related factors, SJSZ glycoprotein (50 µg/ml) stimulates to increase iROS, and NO, to activate iNOS, Bid, Bcl-2/bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. SJSZ glycoprotein (50 µg/ml) has potent effect to arrest cell cycle from G(0) /G(1) to S and to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute & Center for the Control of Animal Hazards Using Biotechnology (BK21), Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Gwang-ju 500-757, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Plumbagin inhibits cell growth and potentiates apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells in vitro through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:242-9. [PMID: 22231395 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derived from medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, on human gastric cancer (GC) cells. METHODS Human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, MKN-28, and AGS were used. The cell viability was examined using CCK-8 viability assay. Cell proliferation rate was determined using both clonogenic assay and EdU incorporation assay. Apoptosis was detected via Annexin V/propidium iodide double-labeled flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of both NF-κB-regulated gene products and TNF-α-induced activation of p65, IκBα, and IKK. The intracellular location of NF-κB p65 was detected using confocal microscopy. RESULTS Plumbagin (2.5-40 μmol/L) concentration-dependently reduced the viability of the GC cells. The IC(50) value of plumbagin in SGC-7901, MKN-28, and AGS cells was 19.12, 13.64, and 10.12 μmol/L, respectively. The compound (5-20 μmol/L) concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, and potentiated the sensitivity of SGC-7901 cells to chemotherapeutic agents TNF-αand cisplatin. The compound (10 μmol/L) downregulated the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products, including IAP1, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, tumor factor (TF), and VEGF. In addition to inhibition of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, the compound also suppressed TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IKK, and the degradation of IκBα. CONCLUSION Plumbagin inhibits cell growth and potentiates apoptosis in human GC cells through the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
142
|
Kawiak A, Zawacka-Pankau J, Wasilewska A, Stasilojc G, Bigda J, Lojkowska E. Induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway by ramentaceone from Drosera aliciae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:9-14. [PMID: 22250825 DOI: 10.1021/np200247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ramentaceone (1) is a naphthoquinone constituent of Drosera aliciae that exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against various tumor cell lines. However, its molecular mechanism of cell death induction has still not been determined. The present study demonstrates that 1 induces apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Typical morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis were observed in 1-treated cells. Compound 1 induced a concentration-dependent increase in the sub-G1 fraction of the cell cycle. A decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was also observed. Furthermore, 1 reduced the ratio of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 to pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak, induced cytochrome c release, and increased the activity of caspase 3. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in 1-treated HL-60 cells, which was attenuated by the pretreatment of cells with a free radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC also prevented the increase of the sub-G1 fraction induced by 1. These results indicate that ramentaceone induces cell death through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Sakamoto S, Putalun W, Pongkitwitoon B, Juengwatanatrakul T, Shoyama Y, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Modulation of plumbagin production in Plumbago zeylanica using a single-chain variable fragment antibody against plumbagin. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:103-110. [PMID: 21909936 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) against plumbagin (PL) accumulated the PL production in the hairy roots of Plumbago zeylanica. Recombinant Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC 15834) containing an scFv gene against PL (PL-scFv) were obtained through triparental mating and transformed into P. zeylanica to induce PL-scFv protein in the hairy roots. Up to 40 μg recombinant PL-scFv were expressed per milligram of soluble protein in transgenic P. zeylanica hairy root cultures. The mean PL content obtained from transgenic hairy roots (12.24 μg/100 mg dry weight) exhibited 2.2 times higher than those obtained from wild-type (5.48 μg/100 mg dry weight). The high correlation between the PL-scFv expression level and PL content of the recombinant plants suggested that the PL biosynthesis pathway had been modulated by the expression of PL-scFv protein in the hairy roots of P. zeylanica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Nematollahi A, Aminimoghadamfarouj N, Wiart C. Reviews on 1,4-naphthoquinones from Diospyros L. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:80-88. [PMID: 22263598 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.633515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The genus Diospyros is one of the most important sources of bioactive compounds, exclusively 1,4-naphthoquinones. The following information is an attempt to cover the developments in the biology and phytochemistry of 1,4-naphthoquinones isolated from this genus, as well as the studies done and the suggested mechanisms regarding their activities. During the past 60 years, many of these agents have been isolated from Diospyros L. Twelve considerable bioactive structures are reported in this review. The basic 1,4-naphthoquinone skeletons, on which a large number of studies have been done, are plumbagin and diospyrin. Today, the potential for development of leads from 1,4-naphthoquinones obtained from Diospyros L. is growing dramatically, mainly in the area of anticancer and antibacterial investigations. The data prepared and described here are intended to be served as a reference tool to the natural products and chemistry specialists in order to expand the rational drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nematollahi
- Research Center of Natural Products Safety and Medicinal Plants, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Shimada H, Yamaoka Y, Morita R, Mizuno T, Gotoh K, Higuchi T, Shiraishi T, Imamura Y. Possible mechanism of superoxide formation through redox cycling of plumbagin in pig heart. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 26:252-7. [PMID: 22198053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the possible mechanism of superoxide formation through redox cycling of plumbagin (PLG) in pig heart. Of four 1,4-naphthoquinones tested in this study, PLG was most efficiently reduced in the cytosolic fraction of pig heart. On the other hand, lawsone (LAS) was little reduced. Thus, whether or not PLG and LAS induce the formation of superoxide anion radical in pig heart cytosol was examined, by using the methods of cytochrome c reduction and chemiluminescence. PLG significantly induced the formation of superoxide anion radical, even though LAS had no ability to mediate superoxide formation. PLG was a significant inhibitor for the stereoselective reduction of 4-benzoylpyridine (4-BP) catalyzed by tetrameric carbonyl reductase (TCBR) in pig heart cytosol. Furthermore, PLG was confirmed to competitively inhibit the 4-BP reduction, and the optimal pH for the PLG reduction was around 6.0 similar to that for the 4-BP reduction. These results suggest that PLG mediates superoxide formation through its redox cycling involved in the two-electron reduction catalyzed by TCBR, and induces oxidative stress in pig heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shimada
- Faculty of Education, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Seshadri P, Rajaram A, Rajaram R. Plumbagin and juglone induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis involving the mitochondria through ROS generation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2090-107. [PMID: 21982843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemicals plumbagin and juglone have recently been gaining importance because of their various pharmacological activities. In this study, these compounds are shown to induce concentration- and time-dependent toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes via the apoptotic pathway. Flow cytometry data revealed the occurrence of about 28% early apoptotic cells after 6h exposure to 10μM plumbagin and 35% late apoptotic cells and about 43% sub-G1 population after 24h. The cytotoxic effect of plumbagin was at least twofold higher than that of juglone as evidenced by the IC(50) value for cytotoxicity. Characteristic apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation were observed through TEM, and membrane blebbing and cell surface smoothening were seen in SEM studies. Generation of ROS was evidenced through the HPLC analysis of superoxide-specific 2-OH-E+ formation. In addition, a decrease in GSH levels parallel to ROS production was observed. Reversal of apoptosis in both NAC- and Tempol-pretreated cells indicates the involvement of both ROS generation and GSH depletion in plumbagin- and juglone-induced apoptosis. The mechanistic pathway involves a decrease in MMP; alterations in the levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and cytosolic cytochrome c; and PARP-1 cleavage subsequent to caspase-3 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Seshadri
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Sung B, Oyajobi B, Aggarwal BB. Plumbagin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and reduces human breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone metastasis in mice through suppression of RANKL signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:350-9. [PMID: 22090419 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss is one of the major complications of advanced cancers such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma; agents that can suppress this bone loss have therapeutic potential. Extensive research within the last decade has revealed that RANKL, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a major role in cancer-associated bone resorption and thus is a therapeutic target. We investigated the potential of vitamin K3 analogue plumbagin (derived from Chitrak, an Ayurvedic medicinal plant) to modulate RANKL signaling, osteoclastogenesis, and breast cancer-induced osteolysis. Plumbagin suppressed RANKL-induced NF-κB activation in mouse monocytes, an osteoclast precursor cell, through sequential inhibition of activation of IκBα kinase, IκBα phosphorylation, and IκBα degradation. Plumbagin also suppressed differentiation of these cells into osteoclasts induced either by RANKL or by human breast cancer or human multiple myeloma cells. When examined for its ability to prevent human breast cancer-induced bone loss in animals, plumbagin (2 mg/kg body weight) administered via the intraperitoneal route significantly decreased osteolytic lesions, resulting in preservation of bone volume in nude mice bearing human breast tumors. Overall, our results indicate that plumbagin, a vitamin K analogue, is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis induced by tumor cells and of breast cancer-induced osteolytic metastasis through suppression of RANKL signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Sand JM, Bin Hafeez B, Jamal MS, Witkowsky O, Siebers EM, Fischer J, Verma AK. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), isolated from Plumbago zeylanica, inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced development of squamous cell carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:184-90. [PMID: 22072620 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (PL) (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone), a medicinal plant-derived naphthoquinone, was isolated from the roots of the Plumbago zeylanica L. (also known as Chitrak). The roots of P. zeylanica L. have been used in Indian medicine for >2500 years as an anti-atherogenic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective agent. We present here that topical application of non-toxic doses (100-500 nmol) of PL to skin elicits dose-dependent inhibition of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). In this experiment, FVB/N mice were exposed to UVR (2 kJ/m(2)) three times weekly from a bank of six Kodacel-filtered FS40 sunlamps (∼ 60% UVB and 40% UVA). Carcinoma incidence in mice treated with vehicle, 100, 200 or 500 nmol PL, at 44 weeks post-UVR, were 86, 80 (P = 0.67), 53 (P = 0.12) and 7% (P = 0.0075), respectively. Both vehicle and PL-treated mice gained weight and did not exhibit any signs of toxicity during the entire period of the experiment. Molecular mechanisms associated with inhibition of UVR-induced development of SCC involved induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. Specific findings are that PL treatment (i) inhibited UVR-induced DNA binding of activating protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, Stat3 transcription factors and Stat3-regulated molecules (cdc25A and Survivin); (ii) inhibited protein levels of pERK1/2, PI3K85, pAKTSer473, Bcl(2), BclxL, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cell cycle inhibitory proteins p27 and p21 and (iii) increased UVR-induced Fas-associated death domain expression, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein cleavage and Bax/Bcl(2) ratio. Taken together, our findings suggest that PL may be a novel agent for the prevention of skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Sand
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Raj G, Kurup R, Hussain AA, Baby S. Distribution of naphthoquinones, plumbagin, droserone, and 5-O-methyl droserone in chitin-induced and uninduced Nepenthes khasiana: molecular events in prey capture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5429-36. [PMID: 21862483 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prey capture and digestion in Nepenthes spp. through their leaf-evolved biological traps involve a sequence of exciting events. Sugar-rich nectar, aroma chemicals, narcotic alkaloid secretions, slippery wax crystals, and other biochemicals take part in attracting, capturing, and digesting preys in Nepenthes pitchers. Here we report the distribution of three potent naphthoquinones in Nepenthes khasiana and their roles in prey capture. Plumbagin was first detected in N. khasiana, and its content (root: 1.33 ± 0.02%, dry wt.) was the highest found in any natural source. Chitin induction enhanced plumbagin levels in N. khasiana (root: 2.17 ± 0.02%, dry wt.). Potted N. khasiana plants with limited growth of roots and aerial parts, showed higher levels of plumbagin accumulation (root: 1.92 ± 0.02%; root, chitin induction: 3.30 ± 0.21%, dry wt.) compared with field plants. Plumbagin, a known toxin, insect ecdysis inhibitor, and antimicrobial, was also found embedded in the waxy layers at the top prey capture region of N. khasiana pitchers. Chitin induction, mimicking prey capture, produced droserone and 5-O-methyl droserone in N. khasiana pitcher fluid. Both these naphthoquinone derivatives provide antimicrobial protection to the pitcher fluid from visiting preys. A two-way barrier was found between plumbagin and its two derivatives. Plumbagin was never detected in the pitcher fluid whereas both its derivatives were only found in the pitcher fluid on chitin induction or prey capture. The three naphthoquinones, plumbagin, droserone, and 5-O-methyl droserone, act as molecular triggers in prey capture and digestion in the carnivorous plant, N. khasiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopan Raj
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Jia Y, Jing J, Bai Y, Li Z, Liu L, Luo J, Liu M, Chen H. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by plumbagin through down-regulation of JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27006. [PMID: 22066025 PMCID: PMC3205001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin(PL), a herbal compound derived from roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, has been shown to have immunosuppressive properties. Present report describes that PL is a potent novel agent in control of encephalitogenic T cell responses and amelioration of mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), through down-regulation of JAK-STAT pathway. PL was found to selectively inhibit IFN-γ and IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells, which was mediated through abrogated phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK2. Consistent with IFN-γ and IL-17 reduction was suppressed STAT1/STAT4/T-bet pathway which is critical for Th1 differentiation, as well as STAT3/ROR pathway which is essential for Th17 differentiation. In addition, PL suppressed pro-inflammatory molecules such as iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-6, accompanied by inhibition of IκB degradation as well as NF-κB phosphorylation. These data give new insight into the novel immune regulatory mechanism of PL and highlight the great value of this kind of herb compounds in probing the complex cytokine signaling network and novel therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Jing
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lande Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|