101
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Missirlis D, Baños M, Lussier F, Spatz JP. Facile and Versatile Method for Micropatterning Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels Using Photocleavable Comonomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3643-3652. [PMID: 35006666 PMCID: PMC8796170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We here present a micropatterning strategy to introduce small molecules and ligands on patterns of arbitrary shapes on the surface of poly(acrylamide)-based hydrogels. The main advantages of the presented approach are the ease of use, the lack of need to prefabricate photomasks, the use of mild UV light and biocompatible bioconjugation chemistries, and the capacity to pattern low-molecular-weight ligands, such as peptides, peptidomimetics, or DNA fragments. To achieve the above, a monomer containing a caged amine (NVOC group) was co-polymerized in the hydrogel network; upon UV light illumination using a commercially available setup, primary amines were locally deprotected and served as reactive groups for further functionalization. Cell patterning on various cell adhesive ligands was demonstrated, with cells responding to a combination of pattern shape and substrate elasticity. The approach is compatible with standard traction force microscopy (TFM) experimentation and can further be extended to reference-free TFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Missirlis
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- . Tel: +49 6221 486430
| | - Miguel Baños
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Felix Lussier
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department
of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, INF-253, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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102
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Schoenit A, Lo Giudice C, Hahnen N, Ollech D, Jahnke K, Göpfrich K, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Tuning Epithelial Cell-Cell Adhesion and Collective Dynamics with Functional DNA-E-Cadherin Hybrid Linkers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:302-310. [PMID: 34939414 PMCID: PMC8759084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The binding strength between epithelial cells is crucial for tissue integrity, signal transduction and collective cell dynamics. However, there is no experimental approach to precisely modulate cell-cell adhesion strength at the cellular and molecular level. Here, we establish DNA nanotechnology as a tool to control cell-cell adhesion of epithelial cells. We designed a DNA-E-cadherin hybrid system consisting of complementary DNA strands covalently bound to a truncated E-cadherin with a modified extracellular domain. DNA sequence design allows to tune the DNA-E-cadherin hybrid molecular binding strength, while retaining its cytosolic interactions and downstream signaling capabilities. The DNA-E-cadherin hybrid facilitates strong and reversible cell-cell adhesion in E-cadherin deficient cells by forming mechanotransducive adherens junctions. We assess the direct influence of cell-cell adhesion strength on intracellular signaling and collective cell dynamics. This highlights the scope of DNA nanotechnology as a precision technology to study and engineer cell collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schoenit
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Lo Giudice
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hahnen
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Ollech
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Jahnke
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Göpfrich
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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103
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Park S, Lee MS, Jeon J, Lim J, Jo CH, Bhang SH, Yang HS. Micro-groove patterned PCL patches with DOPA for rat Achilles tendon regeneration. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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104
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The YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment and Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Promises. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010430. [PMID: 35008857 PMCID: PMC8745604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, members of the Hippo signaling pathway, which play a critical role in cell growth regulation, embryonic development, regeneration, proliferation, and cancer origin and progression. The mechanism involves the nuclear binding of the un-phosphorylated YAP/TAZ complex to release the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) from its repressors. The active ternary complex is responsible for the aforementioned biological effects. Overexpression of YAP/TAZ has been reported in cancer stem cells and tumor resistance. The resistance involves chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of YAP/TAZ pathways’ role in carcinogenesis and tumor microenvironment. Potential therapeutic alternatives are also discussed.
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105
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Wei Q, Wang S, Han F, Wang H, Zhang W, Yu Q, Liu C, Ding L, Wang J, Yu L, Zhu C, Li B, Bl, Cz, Cz, Cz, Qw, Sw, Fh, Hw, Wz, Qy, Cl, Ld, Jw, Ly, Cz, Qw. Cellular modulation by the mechanical cues from biomaterials for tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:323-342. [PMID: 35837415 PMCID: PMC9255801 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment are known to be significant in modulating the fate of stem cells to guide developmental processes and maintain bodily homeostasis. Tissue engineering has provided a promising approach to the repair or regeneration of damaged tissues. Scaffolds are fundamental in cell-based regenerative therapies. Developing artificial ECM that mimics the mechanical properties of native ECM would greatly help to guide cell functions and thus promote tissue regeneration. In this review, we introduce various mechanical cues provided by the ECM including elasticity, viscoelasticity, topography, and external stimuli, and their effects on cell behaviours. Meanwhile, we discuss the underlying principles and strategies to develop natural or synthetic biomaterials with different mechanical properties for cellular modulation, and explore the mechanism by which the mechanical cues from biomaterials regulate cell function toward tissue regeneration. We also discuss the challenges in multimodal mechanical modulation of cell behaviours and the interplay between mechanical cues and other microenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qifan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luguang Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Corresponding authors: Caihong Zhu, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Corresponding authors: Caihong Zhu, ; Bin Li,
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106
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Liu S, Lin Z. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mechanosensitive Regulators and Vascular Remodeling. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:90-113. [PMID: 34937033 DOI: 10.1159/000519845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are subjected to mechanical loads of pressure and flow, inducing smooth muscle circumferential and endothelial shear stresses. The perception and response of vascular tissue and living cells to these stresses and the microenvironment they are exposed to are critical to their function and survival. These mechanical stimuli not only cause morphological changes in cells and vessel walls but also can interfere with biochemical homeostasis, leading to vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying how these stimuli affect tissue and cellular function, including mechanical stimulation-induced biochemical signaling and mechanical transduction that relies on cytoskeletal integrity, are unclear. This review focuses on signaling pathways that regulate multiple biochemical processes in vascular mesangial smooth muscle cells in response to circumferential stress and are involved in mechanosensitive regulatory molecules in response to mechanotransduction, including ion channels, membrane receptors, integrins, cytoskeletal proteins, nuclear structures, and cascades. Mechanoactivation of these signaling pathways is closely associated with vascular remodeling in physiological or pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmin Liu
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China, .,Medical Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Zhanyi Lin
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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107
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Khlebodarova TM. The molecular view of mechanical stress of brain cells, local translation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:92-100. [PMID: 34901706 PMCID: PMC8629365 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The assumption that chronic mechanical stress in brain cells stemming from intracranial hypertension,
arterial hypertension, or mechanical injury is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases was put forward in the
1990s and has since been supported. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the way from cell exposure to mechanical stress to disturbances in synaptic plasticity followed by changes in behavior, cognition, and
memory are still poorly understood. Here we review (1) the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms regulating local translation and the actin cytoskeleton state at an activated synapse, where they play a key role in the
formation of various sorts of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory, and (2) possible pathways of mechanical
stress intervention. The roles of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway; the RNA-binding
FMRP protein; the CYFIP1 protein, interacting with FMRP; the family of small GTPases; and the WAVE regulatory
complex in the regulation of translation initiation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements in dendritic spines of the
activated synapse are discussed. Evidence is provided that chronic mechanical stress may result in aberrant activation of mTOR signaling and the WAVE regulatory complex via the YAP/TAZ system, the key sensor of mechanical
signals, and influence the associated pathways regulating the formation of F actin filaments and the dendritic spine
structure. These consequences may be a risk factor for various neurological conditions, including autistic spectrum
disorders and epileptic encephalopathy. In further consideration of the role of the local translation system in the
development of neuropsychic and neurodegenerative diseases, an original hypothesis was put forward that one
of the possible causes of synaptopathies is impaired proteome stability associated with mTOR hyperactivity and
formation of complex dynamic modes of de novo protein synthesis in response to synapse-stimulating factors,
including chronic mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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108
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Muntz I, Fenu M, van Osch GJVM, Koenderink G. The role of cell-matrix interactions in connective tissue mechanics. Phys Biol 2021; 19. [PMID: 34902848 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac42b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Living tissue is able to withstand large stresses in everyday life, yet it also actively adapts to dynamic loads. This remarkable mechanical behaviour emerges from the interplay between living cells and their non-living extracellular environment. Here we review recent insights into the biophysical mechanisms involved in the reciprocal interplay between cells and the extracellular matrix and how this interplay determines tissue mechanics, with a focus on connective tissues. We first describe the roles of the main macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix in regards to tissue mechanics. We then proceed to highlight the main routes via which cells sense and respond to their biochemical and mechanical extracellular environment. Next we introduce the three main routes via which cells can modify their extracellular environment: exertion of contractile forces, secretion and deposition of matrix components, and matrix degradation. Finally we discuss how recent insights in the mechanobiology of cell-matrix interactions are furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of connective tissue diseases and cancer, and facilitating the design of novel strategies for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Muntz
- Bionanoscience, TU Delft, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2629 HC, NETHERLANDS
| | - Michele Fenu
- Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, 3000 CA, NETHERLANDS
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Orthopaedics; Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, 3000 CA, NETHERLANDS
| | - Gijsje Koenderink
- Bionanoscience, TU Delft, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2629 HZ, NETHERLANDS
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109
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Wang Z, Chen J, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Rodriguez M, Ayon RJ, Ravellette KS, Wu L, Balistrieri F, Tang H, Wu X, Zhao T, Black SM, Desai AA, Garcia JGN, Sun X, Shyy JYJ, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1010-C1027. [PMID: 34669509 PMCID: PMC8714987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezo is a mechanosensitive cation channel responsible for stretch-mediated Ca2+ and Na+ influx in multiple types of cells. Little is known about the functional role of Piezo1 in the lung vasculature and its potential pathogenic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) are constantly under mechanic stretch and shear stress that are sufficient to activate Piezo channels. Here, we report that Piezo1 is significantly upregulated in PAECs from patients with idiopathic PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls. Membrane stretch by decreasing extracellular osmotic pressure or by cyclic stretch (18% CS) increases Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation (p) of AKT and ERK, and subsequently upregulates expression of Notch ligands, Jagged1/2 (Jag-1 and Jag-2), and Delta like-4 (DLL4) in PAECs. siRNA-mediated downregulation of Piezo1 significantly inhibited the stretch-mediated pAKT increase and Jag-1 upregulation, whereas downregulation of AKT by siRNA markedly attenuated the stretch-mediated Jag-1 upregulation in human PAECs. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of Piezo1 in the isolated pulmonary artery, which mainly contains pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), from animals with severe PH was also significantly higher than that from control animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a Piezo1 channel blocker, GsMTx4, ameliorated experimental PH in mice. Taken together, our study suggests that membrane stretch-mediated Ca2+ influx through Piezo1 is an important trigger for pAKT-mediated upregulation of Jag-1 in PAECs. Upregulation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and the resultant increase in the Notch ligands (Jag-1/2 and DLL4) in PAECs may play a critical pathogenic role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Keeley S Ravellette
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Linda Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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110
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Petzold J, Gentleman E. Intrinsic Mechanical Cues and Their Impact on Stem Cells and Embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761871. [PMID: 34820380 PMCID: PMC8606660 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although understanding how soluble cues direct cellular processes revolutionised the study of cell biology in the second half of the 20th century, over the last two decades, new insights into how mechanical cues similarly impact cell fate decisions has gained momentum. During development, extrinsic cues such as fluid flow, shear stress and compressive forces are essential for normal embryogenesis to proceed. Indeed, both adult and embryonic stem cells can respond to applied forces, but they can also detect intrinsic mechanical cues from their surrounding environment, such as the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, which impacts differentiation and morphogenesis. Cells can detect changes in their mechanical environment using cell surface receptors such as integrins and focal adhesions. Moreover, dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton have been identified as a key means by which forces are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the cell and vice versa. Although we have some understanding of the downstream mechanisms whereby mechanical cues are translated into changes in cell behaviour, many of the signalling pathways remain to be defined. This review discusses the importance of intrinsic mechanical cues on adult cell fate decisions, the emerging roles of cell surface mechano-sensors and the cytoskeleton in enabling cells to sense its microenvironment, and the role of intracellular signalling in translating mechanical cues into transcriptional outputs. In addition, the contribution of mechanical cues to fundamental processes during embryogenesis such as apical constriction and convergent extension is discussed. The continued development of tools to measure the biomechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo is likely to uncover currently underestimated contributions of these cues to adult stem cell fate decisions and embryogenesis, and may inform on regenerative strategies for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Petzold
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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111
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Jin B, Kong W, Zhao X, Chen S, Sun Q, Feng J, Song D, Han D. Substrate stiffness affects the morphology, proliferation, and radiosensitivity of cervical squamous carcinoma cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101681. [PMID: 34837739 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is associated with the highest morbidity rate among gynecological cancers. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, a considerable number of patients are radiation resistant, leading to a poor prognosis. Matrix stiffness is related to the occurrence, development, and chemoresistance of solid tumors. The association between matrix stiffness and radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine the effect of matrix stiffness on the phenotype and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. Cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells were grown on substrates of different stiffnesses (0.5, 5, and 25 kPa). Cell morphology, proliferation, and radiosensitivity were examined. Cells grown on hard substrates displayed stronger proliferative activity, larger size, and higher differentiation degree, which was reflected in a more mature skeleton assembly, more abundant pseudopodia formation, and smaller nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. In addition, SiHa cells exhibited stiffness-dependent resistance to radiation, possibly via altered apoptosis-related protein expression. Our findings demonstrate that matrix stiffness affects the morphology, proliferation, and radiosensitivity of SiHa cells. Tissue stiffness may be an indicator of the sensitivity of a patient to radiotherapy. Thus, the data provide insights into the diagnosis of cervical cancer and the design of future radiotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Jin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China.
| | - Xuanyu Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Quanmei Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiantao Feng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Dong Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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112
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Fu Y, Wan P, Zhang J, Li X, Xing J, Zou Y, Wang K, Peng H, Zhu Q, Cao L, Zhai X. Targeting Mechanosensitive Piezo1 Alleviated Renal Fibrosis Through p38MAPK-YAP Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741060. [PMID: 34805150 PMCID: PMC8602364 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the most common pathological manifestation of a wide variety of chronic kidney disease. Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and enhanced microenvironment stiffening aggravate the progression of renal fibrosis. However, the related mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the mechanism by which ECM stiffness aggravates renal fibrosis. In the present study, renal mesangial cells (MCs) were cultured on polyacrylamide hydrogels with different stiffness accurately detected by atomic force microscope (AFM), simulating the in vivo growth microenvironment of MCs in normal kidney and renal fibrosis. A series of in vitro knockdown and activation experiments were performed to establish the signaling pathway responsible for mechanics-induced MCs activation. In addition, an animal model of renal fibrosis was established in mice induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Lentiviral particles containing short hairpin RNA (sh RNA) targeting Piezo1 were used to explore the effect of Piezo1 knockdown on matrix stiffness-induced MCs activation and UUO-induced renal fibrosis. An in vitro experiment demonstrated that elevated ECM stiffness triggered the activation of Piezo1, which increased YAP nuclear translocation through the p38MAPK, and consequently led to increased ECM secretion. Furthermore, these consequences have been verified in the animal model of renal fibrosis induced by UUO and Piezo1 knockdown could alleviate UUO-induced fibrosis and improve renal function in vivo. Collectively, our results for the first time demonstrate enhanced matrix stiffness aggravates the progression of renal fibrosis through the Piezo1-p38MAPK-YAP pathway. Targeting mechanosensitive Piezo1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for delaying the progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengzhi Wan
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Xing
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qizhuo Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Nephropathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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113
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Li G, Liang W, Ding P, Zhao Z. Sutural fibroblasts exhibit the function of vascular endothelial cells upon mechanical strain. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109046. [PMID: 34599905 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Midfacial hypoplasia is a type of facial dysplasia. The technique of trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis promotes midface growth so as to ameliorate this symptom. In the process of distraction osteogenesis, the fiber matrix in the suture acts as a mechanical sensor. Compared with osteogenesis, the formation of collagen fibers by fibroblasts is significant in the early stage of sutural distraction. However the transformation of fibroblasts during sutural bone formation induced by tensile force is poorly characterized. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to define the cell classification of the zygomatic maxillary suture and the changes of cell clusters in the suture before and after seven-day distraction. We identified twenty-nine cell subsets spanning monocyte/macrophages, neutrophils, red blood cells, B cells and fibroblasts. Compared with the control group, Monocle analysis revealed the emergence of a unique fibroblast subset (Cdh5+, Col4a1+, Fat1-, and Acta2-) (cluster 27) that expressed vascular endothelial cell genes within the distracted zygomatic maxillary suture. We constructed the differentiation trajectories of the fibroblast population (cluster 23, 27) in the suture before and after distraction. In addition, we clarified that a subset of fibroblasts (cluster 27) lost expression of Fat1, an upregulator of the Hippo pathway, and upregulated Cyr61, a downstream gene of the Hippo pathway, during the distraction process. Further enrichment analysis suggests that cells of the new subset (cluster 27) are undergoing conversion of their identity into a vascular endothelial cell-like state in response to mechanical stimulation, associated with upregulation of angiogenesis genes along the single-cell trajectory. Further immunofluorescence staining confirmed this phenomenon. A combined general transcriptome RNA sequencing data analysis demonstrated that the fibroblasts expressed a number of extracellular matrix-related genes under mechanical strain. These data together provide a new view of the role of fibroblasts in tension-induced sutural angiogenesis via interaction with the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Li
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhenmin Zhao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Matsuda T, Miyata Y, Nakamura Y, Otsubo A, Mukae Y, Harada J, Mitsunari K, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Furusato B, Sakai H. Pathological significance and prognostic role of LATS2 in prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:1252-1260. [PMID: 34492128 PMCID: PMC9290072 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) is an important regulator of the Hippo pathway and it plays crucial roles in cell survival and behaviors. Herein, we evaluated the pathological roles of LATS2 in prostate cancer (PC), for which very little information is available. METHODS Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in response to the siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) LATS2 expression were evaluated in two PC cell lines (LNCaP and PC3). The expression of LATS2 in specimens from 204 PC patients was investigated immunohistochemically, and the relationships between its expression and clinicopathological features, proliferation index (PI; measured using an anti-KI-67 antibody), and biochemical recurrence (BCR) were investigated. RESULTS KD of LATS2 increased the growth, migration, and invasion in LNCaP cells and only increased migration in PC3 cells. The expression of LATS2 was negatively associated with the grade group, T, N, M stage, and PI. In addition, the expression of LATS2 was a useful predictor of the histological effects of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and BCR-free survival periods. A multivariate analysis model including clinicopathological features showed that negative expression of LATS2 had a significantly higher risk of BCR (odds ratio = 2.95, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LATS2 acts as a tumor suppressor in PC. LATS2 expression is a useful predictor for BCR. LATS2-related activities are possibly dependent on the androgen-dependency of PC cells. Therefore, we suggest that LATS2 could be a potential therapeutic target and a useful predictor for outcome in patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Matsuda
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yuichiro Nakamura
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Asato Otsubo
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yuta Mukae
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Junki Harada
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Bungo Furusato
- Department of pathologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical ScienecesNagasakiJapan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
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115
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Liu W, Tang D, Xu XX, Liu YJ, Jiu Y. How Physical Factors Coordinate Virus Infection: A Perspective From Mechanobiology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:764516. [PMID: 34778236 PMCID: PMC8585752 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.764516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemics caused by viruses have threatened lives of thousands of people. Understanding the complicated process of viral infection provides significantly directive implication to epidemic prevention and control. Viral infection is a complex and diverse process, and substantial studies have been complemented in exploring the biochemical and molecular interactions between viruses and hosts. However, the physical microenvironment where infections implement is often less considered, and the role of mechanobiology in viral infection remains elusive. Mechanobiology focuses on sensation, transduction, and response to intracellular and extracellular physical factors by tissues, cells, and extracellular matrix. The intracellular cytoskeleton and mechanosensors have been proven to be extensively involved in the virus life cycle. Furthermore, innovative methods based on micro- and nanofabrication techniques are being utilized to control and modulate the physical and chemical cell microenvironment, and to explore how extracellular factors including stiffness, forces, and topography regulate viral infection. Our current review covers how physical factors in the microenvironment coordinate viral infection. Moreover, we will discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed in future research on cross-fields of mechanobiology and virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daijiao Tang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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116
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Zhang C, Zhu H, Ren X, Gao B, Cheng B, Liu S, Sha B, Li Z, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Wang H, Guo H, Lu TJ, Xu F, Genin GM, Lin M. Mechanics-driven nuclear localization of YAP can be reversed by N-cadherin ligation in mesenchymal stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6229. [PMID: 34711824 PMCID: PMC8553821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells adopt differentiation pathways based upon cumulative effects of mechanosensing. A cell's mechanical microenvironment changes substantially over the course of development, beginning from the early stages in which cells are typically surrounded by other cells and continuing through later stages in which cells are typically surrounded by extracellular matrix. How cells erase the memory of some of these mechanical microenvironments while locking in memory of others is unknown. Here, we develop a material and culture system for modifying and measuring the degree to which cells retain cumulative effects of mechanosensing. Using this system, we discover that effects of the RGD adhesive motif of fibronectin (representative of extracellular matrix), known to impart what is often termed "mechanical memory" in mesenchymal stem cells via nuclear YAP localization, are erased by the HAVDI adhesive motif of the N-cadherin (representative of cell-cell contacts). These effects can be explained by a motor clutch model that relates cellular traction force, nuclear deformation, and resulting nuclear YAP re-localization. Results demonstrate that controlled storage and removal of proteins associated with mechanical memory in mesenchymal stem cells is possible through defined and programmable material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyong Sha
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohua Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy M Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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McGarry DJ, Armstrong G, Castino G, Mason S, Clark W, Shaw R, McGarry L, Blyth K, Olson MF. MICAL1 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization, directional cell migration and the growth of human breast cancer cells as orthotopic xenograft tumours. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:226-236. [PMID: 34314753 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The Molecule Interacting with CasL 1 (MICAL1) monooxygenase has emerged as an important regulator of cytoskeleton organization via actin oxidation. Although filamentous actin (F-actin) increases MICAL1 monooxygenase activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is also generated in the absence of F-actin, suggesting that diffusible H2O2 might have additional functions. MICAL1 gene disruption by CRISPR/Cas9 in MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cells knocked out (KO) protein expression, which affected F-actin organization, cell size and motility. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that MICAL1 deletion significantly affected the expression of over 700 genes, with the majority being reduced in their expression levels. In addition, the absolute magnitudes of reduced gene expression were significantly greater than the magnitudes of increased gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified receptor regulator activity as the most significant negatively enriched molecular function gene set. The prominent influence exerted by MICAL1 on F-actin structures was also associated with changes in the expression of several serum-response factor (SRF) regulated genes in KO cells. Moreover, MICAL1 disruption attenuated breast cancer tumour growth in vivo. Elevated MICAL1 gene expression was observed in invasive breast cancer samples from human patients relative to normal tissue, while MICAL1 amplification or point mutations were associated with reduced progression free survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MICAL1 gene disruption altered cytoskeleton organization, cell morphology and migration, gene expression, and impaired tumour growth in an orthotopic in vivo breast cancer model, suggesting that pharmacological MICAL1 inhibition could have therapeutic benefits for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Garett Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Castino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kumar S. SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes: From framework to a functional role in endothelial mechanotransduction. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:171-198. [PMID: 34696885 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly subjected to an array of mechanical cues, especially shear stress, due to their luminal placement in the blood vessels. Blood flow can regulate various aspects of endothelial biology and pathophysiology by regulating the endothelial processes at the transcriptomic, proteomic, miRNomic, metabolomics, and epigenomic levels. ECs sense, respond, and adapt to altered blood flow patterns and shear profiles by specialized mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, resulting in qualitative and quantitative differences in their gene expression. Chromatin-regulatory proteins can regulate transcriptional activation by modifying the organization of nucleosomes at promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, and locus control regions. Recent research efforts have illustrated that SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) or BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex regulates DNA accessibility and chromatin structure. Since the discovery, the gene-regulatory mechanisms of the BAF complex associated with chromatin remodeling have been intensively studied to investigate its role in diverse disease phenotypes. Thus far, it is evident that (1) the SWI/SNF complex broadly regulates the activity of transcriptional enhancers to control lineage-specific differentiation and (2) mutations in the BAF complex proteins lead to developmental disorders and cancers. It is unclear if blood flow can modulate the activity of SWI/SNF complex to regulate EC differentiation and reprogramming. This review emphasizes the integrative role of SWI/SNF complex from a structural and functional standpoint with a special reference to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review also highlights how regulation of this complex by blood flow can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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119
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Zhao C, Qiu P, Li M, Liang K, Tang Z, Chen P, Zhang J, Fan S, Lin X. The spatial form periosteal-bone complex promotes bone regeneration by coordinating macrophage polarization and osteogenic-angiogenic events. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100142. [PMID: 34647005 PMCID: PMC8495177 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects associated with soft tissue injuries are an important cause of deformity that threatens people’s health and quality of life. Although bone substitutes have been extensively explored, effective biomaterials that can coordinate early inflammation regulation and subsequent repair events are still lacking. We prepared a spatial form periosteal bone extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which has advantages in terms of low immunogenicity, good retention of bioactive ingredients, and a natural spatial structure. The periosteal bone ECM scaffold with the relatively low-stiffness periosteum (41.6 ± 3.7 kPa) could inhibit iNOS and IL-1β expression, which might be related to actin-mediated YAP translocation. It also helped to promote CD206 expression with the potential influence of proteins related to immune regulation. Moreover, the scaffold combined the excellent properties of decalcified bone and periosteum, promoted the formation of blood vessels, and good osteogenic differentiation (RUNX2, Col 1α1, ALP, OPN, and OCN), and achieved good repair of a cranial defect in rats. This scaffold, with its natural structural and biological advantages, provides a new idea for bone healing treatment that is aligned with bone physiology. We provided a spatial form periosteal-bone complex. The scaffold preserved major biological components and spatial structure. The periosteum part of the scaffold acted as a physical barrier. The scaffold participated in the transformation of the macrophage phenotype. The scaffold promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - P. Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - M. Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - K. Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z. Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - P. Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - S. Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - X. Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
- Corresponding author.
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120
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Müller L, Hatzfeld M, Keil R. Desmosomes as Signaling Hubs in the Regulation of Cell Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745670. [PMID: 34631720 PMCID: PMC8495202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions, which preserve tissue integrity during homeostatic and stress conditions. These functions rely on their unique structural properties, which enable them to respond to context-dependent signals and transmit them to change cell behavior. Desmosome composition and size vary depending on tissue specific expression and differentiation state. Their constituent proteins are highly regulated by posttranslational modifications that control their function in the desmosome itself and in addition regulate a multitude of desmosome-independent functions. This review will summarize our current knowledge how signaling pathways that control epithelial shape, polarity and function regulate desmosomes and how desmosomal proteins transduce these signals to modulate cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Collagen-derived dipeptide Pro-Hyp administration accelerates muscle regenerative healing accompanied by less scarring after wounding on the abdominal wall in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18750. [PMID: 34548594 PMCID: PMC8455591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens act as cellular scaffolds in extracellular matrixes, and their breakdown products may also have important biological functions. We hypothesize that collagen dipeptide Pro-Hyp induces favorable healing activities and examined the effects of Pro-Hyp administered via different routes on wound healing using our novel murine model, in which an advanced fibrosis-prone scar lesion was developed in the abdominal muscle wall under the skin. After excising a part of the abdominal wall, a free-drinking experiment was performed using solutions with casein (CS), high molecular weight collagen peptides (HP), and low molecular weight collagen peptides including Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly (LP), in addition to water (HO). On day 21 of the study, when compared to the HO and CS groups, muscle regeneration in the LP group was significantly advanced in the granulation tissue, which was associated with a decrease in fibrosis. To clarify the effects of Pro-Hyp, daily intraperitoneal administration of pure Pro-Hyp was performed. Pro-Hyp administration induced many myogenically differentiated cells, including myogenin-positive myoblasts and myoglobin-positive myocytes, to migrate in the granulation tissue, while scar tissue decreased. These results indicated that Pro-Hyp administration accelerates muscle regenerative healing accompanied by less scarring after wounding on the abdominal wall.
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122
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Wang M, Dai M, Wang D, Xiong W, Zeng Z, Guo C. The regulatory networks of the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer development. J Cancer 2021; 12:6216-6230. [PMID: 34539895 PMCID: PMC8425214 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a relatively young tumor-related signaling pathway. Although it was discovered lately, research on it developed rapidly. The Hippo signaling pathway is closely relevant to the occurrence and development of tumors and the maintenance of organ size and other biological processes. This manuscript focuses on YAP, the core molecule of the Hippo signaling pathway, and discussion the upstream and downstream regulatory networks of the Hippo signaling pathway during tumorigenesis and development. It also summarizes the relevant drugs involved in this signaling pathway, which may be helpful to the development of targeted drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manli Dai
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha 410036, China
| | - Dan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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123
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Lv H, Ai D. Hippo/yes-associated protein signaling functions as a mechanotransducer in regulating vascular homeostasis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 162:158-165. [PMID: 34547259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to various mechanical forces, including hydrostatic pressure, cyclic stretch, fluid shear stress, and extracellular matrix stiffness. Mechanical cues can be translated into the cell-specific transcriptional process by a cellular mechanic-transducer. Evidence suggests that mechanical signals assist activated intracellular signal transduction pathways and the relative phenotypic adaptation to coordinate cell behavior and disease appropriately. The Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is regulated in response to numerous mechanical stimuli. It plays an important role in the mechanotransduction mechanism, which converts mechanical forces to cascades of molecular signaling to modulate gene expression. This review summarizes the recent findings relevant to the Hippo/YAP pathway-based mechanotransduction in cell behavior and maintaining blood vessels, as well as cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ding Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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124
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Li L, Li H, He Y, Tang H, Dong J, Chen X, Lyu F, Dong Y. Cyclic pulsation stress promotes bone formation of tissue engineered laminae through the F-actin/YAP-1/β-Catenin signaling axis. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:51. [PMID: 34489466 PMCID: PMC8421434 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loads are fundamental regulators of bone formation and remodeling. However, the molecular regulation of mechanotransduction during vertebral laminae regeneration remains poorly understood. Here, we found that cerebrospinal fluid pulsation (CSFP) stress—cyclic pulsation stress—could promote the osteogenic and angiogenic abilities of rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), thereby promoting tissue-engineered laminae’s bone and blood vessel formation. In the process, F-actin relayed CSFP stress to promote the nuclear translocation of YAP1, which then decreased the degradation and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin. In turn, the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin promoted the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic abilities of MSC, thereby promoting tissue-engineered laminae’s bone and blood vessel formation. Thus, we conclude that CSFP promotes the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of tissue-engineered laminae through the F-actin/YAP-1/β-Catenin signaling axis. This study advances our understanding of vertebral laminae regeneration and provides potential therapeutic approaches for spinal degeneration after spinal laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhou Lyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Youhai Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Natural Membrane Differentiates Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neurospheres by Mechanotransduction Related to YAP and AMOT Proteins. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090687. [PMID: 34564504 PMCID: PMC8469618 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine, as they have good cell yield and can differentiate into several cell lines. When induced to the neuronal differentiation, they form neurospheres composed of neural precursors (NPs) that can be an alternative in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to characterize NPs from neurospheres obtained after seeding ADMSCs on a natural polyisoprene-based membrane. The ADMSCs were isolated from adipose tissue by enzymatic dissociation, were subjected to trilineage differentiation, and were characterized by flow cytometry for specific ADMSC surface markers. For neuronal differentiation, the cells were seeded on polystyrene flasks coated with the membrane and were characterized by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that the isolated cells showed characteristics of ADMSCs. At 15 to 25 days, ADMSCs seeded on the natural membrane developed neurospheres. Then, after dissociation, the cells demonstrated characteristic neuronal markers expressed on NPs: nestin, ß-III tubulin, GFAP, NeuN, and the YAP1/AMOT in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that this membrane differentiates the ADMSCs to NPs without any induction factors, and suggests that their differentiation mechanisms are related to mechanotransduction regulated by the YAP and AMOT proteins.
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126
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Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Fibrosis of the diabetic heart: Clinical significance, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113904. [PMID: 34331987 PMCID: PMC8444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, myocardial fibrosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, increasing ventricular stiffness and delaying conduction. Diabetic myocardial fibrosis involves effects of hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance on cardiac fibroblasts, directly resulting in increased matrix secretion, and activation of paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes, immune and vascular cells, that release fibroblast-activating mediators. Neurohumoral pathways, cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and matricellular proteins have been implicated in diabetic fibrosis; however, the molecular links between the metabolic perturbations and activation of a fibrogenic program remain poorly understood. Although existing therapies using glucose- and lipid-lowering agents and neurohumoral inhibition may act in part by attenuating myocardial collagen deposition, specific therapies targeting the fibrotic response are lacking. This review manuscript discusses the clinical significance, molecular mechanisms and cell biology of diabetic cardiac fibrosis and proposes therapeutic targets that may attenuate the fibrotic response, preventing heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
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Lopez-Hernandez A, Sberna S, Campaner S. Emerging Principles in the Transcriptional Control by YAP and TAZ. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164242. [PMID: 34439395 PMCID: PMC8391352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YAP and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that integrate several upstream signals to generate context-dependent transcriptional responses. This requires extensive integration with epigenetic regulators and other transcription factors. The molecular and genomic characterization of YAP and TAZ nuclear function has broad implications both in physiological and pathological settings. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that sit at the crossroad of several signaling pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. As such, they play essential functions during embryonic development, regeneration, and, once deregulated, in cancer progression. In this review, we will revise the current literature and provide an overview of how YAP/TAZ control transcription. We will focus on data concerning the modulation of the basal transcriptional machinery, their ability to epigenetically remodel the enhancer–promoter landscape, and the mechanisms used to integrate transcriptional cues from multiple pathways. This reveals how YAP/TAZ activation in cancer cells leads to extensive transcriptional control that spans several hallmarks of cancer. The definition of the molecular mechanism of transcriptional control and the identification of the pathways regulated by YAP/TAZ may provide therapeutic opportunities for the effective treatment of YAP/TAZ-driven tumors.
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128
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Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of the Mechanosensitive Transcription Factors MRTF and YAP /TAZ. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2299:197-216. [PMID: 34028745 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1382-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and the paralogous Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional co-activators that play pivotal roles in myofibroblast generation and activation, and thus the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis. They are regulated by a variety of chemical and mechanical fibrogenic stimuli, primarily at the level of their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In this chapter we describe the tools and protocols that allow for exact, quantitative, and automated determination and analysis of the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of endogenous or heterologously expressed MRTF and YAP/TAZ, measured in large cell populations. Dynamic monitoring of nucleocytoplasmic ratios of transcription factors is a novel and important approach, suitable to address both the structural requirements and the regulatory mechanisms underlying transcription factor traffic and the consequent reprogramming of gene expression during fibrogenesis.
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129
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Implant Fibrosis and the Underappreciated Role of Myofibroblasts in the Foreign Body Reaction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071794. [PMID: 34359963 PMCID: PMC8304203 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Body implants and implantable medical devices have dramatically improved and prolonged the life of countless patients. However, our body repair mechanisms have evolved to isolate, reject, or destroy any object that is recognized as foreign to the organism and inevitably mounts a foreign body reaction (FBR). Depending on its severity and chronicity, the FBR can impair implant performance or create severe clinical complications that will require surgical removal and/or replacement of the faulty device. The number of review articles discussing the FBR seems to be proportional to the number of different implant materials and clinical applications and one wonders, what else is there to tell? We will here take the position of a fibrosis researcher (which, coincidentally, we are) to elaborate similarities and differences between the FBR, normal wound healing, and chronic healing conditions that result in the development of peri-implant fibrosis. After giving credit to macrophages in the inflammatory phase of the FBR, we will mainly focus on the activation of fibroblastic cells into matrix-producing and highly contractile myofibroblasts. While fibrosis has been discussed to be a consequence of the disturbed and chronic inflammatory milieu in the FBR, direct activation of myofibroblasts at the implant surface is less commonly considered. Thus, we will provide a perspective how physical properties of the implant surface control myofibroblast actions and accumulation of stiff scar tissue. Because formation of scar tissue at the surface and around implant materials is a major reason for device failure and extraction surgeries, providing implant surfaces with myofibroblast-suppressing features is a first step to enhance implant acceptance and functional lifetime. Alternative therapeutic targets are elements of the myofibroblast mechanotransduction and contractile machinery and we will end with a brief overview on such targets that are considered for the treatment of other organ fibroses.
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130
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Cardiac Fibrosis and Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071716. [PMID: 34359886 PMCID: PMC8306806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen. Myofibroblasts are major players in the production of collagen, and are differentiated primarily from resident fibroblasts. Collagen can compensate for the dead cells produced by injury. The appropriate production of collagen is beneficial for preserving the structural integrity of the heart, and protects the heart from cardiac rupture. However, excessive deposition of collagen causes cardiac dysfunction. Recent studies have demonstrated that myofibroblasts can change their phenotypes. In addition, myofibroblasts are found to have functions other than ECM production. Myofibroblasts have macrophage-like functions, in which they engulf dead cells and secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines. Research into fibroblasts has been delayed due to the lack of selective markers for the identification of fibroblasts. In recent years, it has become possible to genetically label fibroblasts and perform sequencing at single-cell levels. Based on new technologies, the origins of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, time-dependent changes in fibroblast states after injury, and fibroblast heterogeneity have been demonstrated. In this paper, recent advances in fibroblast and myofibroblast research are reviewed.
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131
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Passaro F, Tocchetti CG, Spinetti G, Paudice F, Ambrosone L, Costagliola C, Cacciatore F, Abete P, Testa G. Targeting fibrosis in the failing heart with nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:461-481. [PMID: 33984409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by typical symptoms and signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intracardiac pressures at rest or during stress. Due to increasing incidence, prevalence and, most importantly mortality, HF is a healthcare burden worldwide, despite the improvement of treatment options and effectiveness. Acute and chronic cardiac injuries trigger the activation of neurohormonal, inflammatory, and mechanical pathways ultimately leading to fibrosis, which plays a key role in the development of cardiac dysfunction and HF. The use of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery would greatly improve therapeutic options to identify, prevent and treat cardiac fibrosis. In this review we will highlight the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis development to depict the pathophysiological features for passive and active targeting of acute and chronic cardiac fibrosis with nanoparticles. Then we will discuss how cardiomyocytes, immune and inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix can be targeted with nanoparticles to prevent or restore cardiac dysfunction and to improve the molecular imaging of cardiac fibrosis.
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Ramirez Moreno M, Stempor PA, Bulgakova NA. Interactions and Feedbacks in E-Cadherin Transcriptional Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701175. [PMID: 34262912 PMCID: PMC8273600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues rely on the adhesion between participating cells to retain their integrity. The transmembrane protein E-cadherin is the major protein that mediates homophilic adhesion between neighbouring cells and is, therefore, one of the critical components for epithelial integrity. E-cadherin downregulation has been described extensively as a prerequisite for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is a hallmark in many types of cancer. Due to this clinical importance, research has been mostly focused on understanding the mechanisms leading to transcriptional repression of this adhesion molecule. However, in recent years it has become apparent that re-expression of E-cadherin is a major step in the progression of many cancers during metastasis. Here, we review the currently known molecular mechanisms of E-cadherin transcriptional activation and inhibition and highlight complex interactions between individual mechanisms. We then propose an additional mechanism, whereby the competition between adhesion complexes and heterochromatin protein-1 for binding to STAT92E fine-tunes the levels of E-cadherin expression in Drosophila but also regulates other genes promoting epithelial robustness. We base our hypothesis on both existing literature and our experimental evidence and suggest that such feedback between the cell surface and the nucleus presents a powerful paradigm for epithelial resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ramirez Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | | | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
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133
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Uddin SMZ, Komatsu DE, Motyka T, Petterson S. Low-Intensity Continuous Ultrasound Therapies—A Systematic Review of Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2698. [PMID: 34207333 PMCID: PMC8235587 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound has been studied for over seven decades for different medical applications. The versatility of ultrasound applications are highly dependent on the frequency, intensity, duration, duty cycle, power, wavelength, and form. In this review article, we will focus on low-intensity continuous ultrasound (LICUS). LICUS has been well-studied for numerous clinical disorders, including tissue regeneration, pain management, neuromodulation, thrombosis, and cancer treatment. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to conduct a comprehensive review of all research studying the application of LICUS in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The review includes articles that specify intensity and duty cycle (continuous). Any studies that did not identify these parameters or used high-intensity and pulsed ultrasound were not included in the review. The literature review shows the vast implication of LICUS in many medical fields at the pre-clinical and clinical levels. Its applications depend on variables such as frequency, intensity, duration, and type of medical disorder. Overall, these studies show that LICUS has significant promise, but conflicting data remain regarding the parameters used, and further studies are required to fully realize the potential benefits of LICUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar M. Z. Uddin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - David E. Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Thomas Motyka
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA;
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Xiang S, Li Z, Fritch MR, Li L, Velankar S, Liu Y, Sohn J, Baker N, Lin H, Tuan RS. Caveolin-1 mediates soft scaffold-enhanced adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:347. [PMID: 34127047 PMCID: PMC8201886 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) can differentiate into adipocytes upon stimulation and are considered an appropriate cell source for adipose tissue engineering. In addition to biochemical cues, the stiffness of a substrate that cells attach to has also been shown to affect hBMSC differentiation potential. Of note, most current studies are conducted on monolayer cultures which do not directly inform adipose tissue engineering, where 3-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are often used to create proper tissue architecture. In this study, we aim to examine the adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs within soft or stiff scaffolds and investigate the molecular mechanism mediating the response of hBMSCs to substrate stiffness in 3D culture, specifically the involvement of the integral membrane protein, caveolin-1 (CAV1), known to regulate signaling in MSCs via compartmentalizing and concentrating signaling molecules. METHODS By adjusting the photo-illumination time, photocrosslinkable gelatin scaffolds with the same polymer concentration but different stiffnesses were created. hBMSCs were seeded within soft and stiff scaffolds, and their response to adipogenic induction under different substrate mechanical conditions was characterized. The functional involvement of CAV1 was assessed by suppressing its expression level using CAV1-specific siRNA. RESULTS The soft and stiff scaffolds used in this study had a compressive modulus of ~0.5 kPa and ~23.5 kPa, respectively. hBMSCs showed high viability in both scaffold types, but only spread out in the soft scaffolds. hBMSCs cultured in soft scaffolds displayed significantly higher adipogenesis, as revealed by histology, qRT-PCR, and immunostaining. Interestingly, a lower CAV1 level was observed in hBMSCs in the soft scaffolds, concomitantly accompanied by increased levels of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and decreased YAP phosphorylation, when compared to cells seeded in the stiff scaffolds. Interestingly, reducing CAV1 expression with siRNA was shown to further enhance hBMSC adipogenesis, which may function through activation of the YAP signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Soft biomaterials support superior adipogenesis of encapsulated hBMSCs in 3D culture, which is partially mediated by the CAV1-YAP axis. Suppressing CAV1 expression levels represents a robust method in the promotion of hBMSC adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xiang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madalyn R Fritch
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - La Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sachin Velankar
- Department of Chem/Petroleum Engineering and Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Present Address: Biogen, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natasha Baker
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Present Address: Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Present Address: Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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135
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Han Y, Zeger L, Tripathi R, Egli M, Ille F, Lockowandt C, Florin G, Atic E, Redwan IN, Fredriksson R, Kozlova EN. Molecular genetic analysis of neural stem cells after space flight and simulated microgravity on earth. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3832-3846. [PMID: 34125436 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how stem cells adapt to space flight conditions is fundamental for human space missions and extraterrestrial settlement. We analyzed gene expression in boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs), which are attractive for regenerative medicine by their ability to promote proliferation and survival of cocultured and co-implanted cells. BCs were launched to space (space exposed cells) (SEC), onboard sounding rocket MASER 14 as free-floating neurospheres or in a bioprinted scaffold. For comparison, BCs were placed in a random positioning machine (RPM) to simulate microgravity on earth (RPM cells) or were cultured under control conditions in the laboratory. Using next-generation RNA sequencing and data post-processing, we discovered that SEC upregulated genes related to proliferation and survival, whereas RPM cells upregulated genes associated with differentiation and inflammation. Thus, (i) space flight provides unique conditions with distinctly different effects on the properties of BC compared to earth controls, and (ii) the space flight exposure induces postflight properties that reinforce the utility of BC for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Zeger
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rekha Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Molecular Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel Egli
- Luzerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Luzerne, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ille
- Luzerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Luzerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunnar Florin
- Swedish Space Corporation, Science Service Division, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Molecular Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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136
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Sugimoto A, Inoue Y, Tanaka K, Sinozawa A, Shirasuna K, Iwata H. Effects of a gel culture system made of polysaccharides (xanthan gum and locust bean gum) on in vitro bovine oocyte development and gene expression of the granulosa cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:516-524. [PMID: 34096128 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Xanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) are nontoxic polysaccharides that produce culture substrates. The present study examined the effect of XG-LBG gel on in vitro bovine oocyte growth and gene expression in granulosa cells. Oocytes and granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were cultured in vitro on plastic culture plate (Plate) or XG-LBG gel for 16 days. OGCs formed a dome-like cavity surrounding the oocytes on plate but formed a spherical follicle structure on XG-LBG gel. The total granulosa cell numbers of the OGCs and their survival rate was greater for OGCs cultured on XG-LBG gel than for those cultured on plate. Oocytes grown on XG-LBG gels had higher lipid and mitochondrial content, as well as a larger diameter, than their plate counterparts. When oocytes grown in vitro were subjected to in vitro maturation and fertilization, the normal fertilization rate was significantly higher for oocytes developed on XG-LBG gel than that of oocytes cultured on the plate counterpart. RNAseq of the granulosa cells revealed that genes associated with focal adhesion, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-Akt and Hippo signaling, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton were upregulated in granulosa cells of OGCs cultured on XG-LBG gel compared with those cultured on plate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sinozawa
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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137
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Brown SR, Bates JC, Avera AD, Kim Y. Relationship between Stemness, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Model Circulating Tumor Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:282-293. [PMID: 34077929 DOI: 10.1159/000516574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by secondary metastasized tumors. The cells that spread these tumors are known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). They exist in a dynamic environment, including exposure to fluid shear stress (FSS) that makes them susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. There are questions about the similarities of CTCs to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and whether the stem cell-like characteristics of CTCs allow them to proliferate and spread despite the biophysical obstacles during the metastatic process. One of those qualities is the ability to undergo the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 were modeled as CTCs by prolonged exposure to FSS using a spinner flask. They were tested for ROS generation, CSC, EMT, and Hippo pathway gene and protein markers using qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. MDA-MB-231 did not show significant changes in CSC markers, but did show significant changes in ROS, EMT, and Hippo markers (p < 0.05). Similarly, MCF7 showed significant changes in ROS and EMT markers (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both cell lines demonstrated the reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition signature when allowed to recover after FSS. These results suggest that the degree of their stemness or aggressiveness affects their responses to externally applied biophysical forces and demonstrates a potential link between mechanotransduction, the Hippo pathway, and the induction of EMT in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser R Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Juliana C Bates
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexandra D Avera
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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138
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Su M, Zhan L, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Yes-activated protein promotes primary resistance of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer cells to mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:953-963. [PMID: 34295548 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with the BRAF V600E mutation display resistance to chemotherapy and targeted medicinal treatments. Thus, exploring new drugs and drug resistance mechanisms for the BRAF V600E mutation has become an urgent clinical priority. Methods MTS experiment, cell cloning experiment, cell scratching experiment, Transwell experiment, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry are used. Detect the transcription and protein expression of YAP in colorectal cancer cell lines, establish a transient cell line with YAP gene overexpression and knockdown, and detect the effect of YAP gene expression on the biological functions of colorectal cancer cells RKO and HT-29. And further study the mechanism of YAP regulating the response of RAF and MEK targeted therapy. Results In this study, for the first time, we verified that the expression of transcription factor yes-associated protein (YAP) was upregulated in BRAF V600E mutant CRC cells. After knocking down YAP, we observed a reduction in the growth rate, proliferation, and invasion ability of colon cancer cells. We further verified that YAP knockdown increased sensitivity of BRAF V600E mutant CRC cells to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors. In addition, we clarified the mechanism underlying YAP regulation of RAF and MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)-targeted therapy response: YAP cooperates with RAF→MEK pathway inhibitors to regulate the cell cycle, increase cell G1/S phase arrest, and increase apoptosis. Conclusions These results suggest that YAP expression may be related to the primary resistance of MAPK inhibitors in metastatic CRC with the BRAF V600E mutation. Therefore, the combination of YAP and MAPK pathway inhibitors in BRAF V600E mutant metastatic CRC may present a promising treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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139
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Cai X, Wang KC, Meng Z. Mechanoregulation of YAP and TAZ in Cellular Homeostasis and Disease Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673599. [PMID: 34109179 PMCID: PMC8182050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues, such as mechanical properties, play a critical role in tissue growth and homeostasis. During organ development and tissue injury repair, compressive and tensional forces generated by cell-extracellular matrix or cell-cell interaction are key factors for cell fate determination. In the vascular system, hemodynamic forces, shear stress, and cyclic stretch modulate vascular cell phenotypes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Despite that emerging efforts have been made to investigate how mechanotransduction is involved in tuning cell and tissue functions in various contexts, the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. One of the challenges is to understand the signaling cascades that transmit mechanical cues from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm and then to the nuclei to generate mechanoresponsive transcriptomes. YAP and its homolog TAZ, the Hippo pathway effectors, have been identified as key mechanotransducers that sense mechanical stimuli and relay the signals to control transcriptional programs for cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. However, the upstream mechanosensors for YAP/TAZ signaling and downstream transcriptome responses following YAP/TAZ activation or repression have not been well characterized. Moreover, the mechanoregulation of YAP/TAZ in literature is highly context-dependent. In this review, we summarize the biomechanical cues in the tissue microenvironment and provide an update on the roles of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuei-Chun Wang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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140
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A spatial model of YAP/TAZ signaling reveals how stiffness, dimensionality, and shape contribute to emergent outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021571118. [PMID: 33990464 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021571118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP/TAZ is a master regulator of mechanotransduction whose functions rely on translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to diverse physical cues. Substrate stiffness, substrate dimensionality, and cell shape are all input signals for YAP/TAZ, and through this pathway, regulate critical cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. Yet, the relative contributions of each biophysical signal and the mechanisms by which they synergistically regulate YAP/TAZ in realistic tissue microenvironments that provide multiplexed input signals remain unclear. For example, in simple two-dimensional culture, YAP/TAZ nuclear localization correlates strongly with substrate stiffness, while in three-dimensional (3D) environments, YAP/TAZ translocation can increase with stiffness, decrease with stiffness, or remain unchanged. Here, we develop a spatial model of YAP/TAZ translocation to enable quantitative analysis of the relationships between substrate stiffness, substrate dimensionality, and cell shape. Our model couples cytosolic stiffness to nuclear mechanics to replicate existing experimental trends, and extends beyond current data to predict that increasing substrate activation area through changes in culture dimensionality, while conserving cell volume, forces distinct shape changes that result in nonlinear effect on YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. Moreover, differences in substrate activation area versus total membrane area can account for counterintuitive trends in YAP/TAZ nuclear localization in 3D culture. Based on this multiscale investigation of the different system features of YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation, we predict that how a cell reads its environment is a complex information transfer function of multiple mechanical and biochemical factors. These predictions reveal a few design principles of cellular and tissue engineering for YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction.
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141
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhong W. Regulation and mechanism of YAP/TAZ in the mechanical microenvironment of stem cells (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:506. [PMID: 33982785 PMCID: PMC8134874 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells receive cues from their physical and mechanical microenvironment via mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. These cues affect proliferation, self‑renewal and differentiation into specific cell fates. A growing body of evidence suggests that yes‑associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‑binding motif (TAZ) mechanotransduction is key for driving stem cell behavior and regeneration via the Hippo and other signaling pathways. YAP/TAZ receive a range of physical cues, including extracellular matrix stiffness, cell geometry, flow shear stress and mechanical forces in the cytoskeleton, and translate them into cell‑specific transcriptional programs. However, the mechanism by which mechanical signals regulate YAP/TAZ activity in stem cells is not fully understand. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in YAP/TAZ regulation on the physical and mechanical microenvironment, as well as its potential effects on stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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142
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Van Damme L, Van Hoorick J, Blondeel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Toward Adipose Tissue Engineering Using Thiol-Norbornene Photo-Crosslinkable Gelatin Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2408-2418. [PMID: 33950675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, breast implants, lipofilling, and microsurgical free tissue transfer are the most often applied procedures to repair soft tissue defects resulting from mastectomies/lumpectomies following breast cancer. Due to the drawbacks and limitations associated with these conventional clinical practices, there is a need for alternative reconstructive strategies. The development of biomimetic materials able to promote cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation has gained increasing attention in the context of adipose reconstructive purposes. Herein, thiol-norbornene crosslinkable gelatin-based materials were developed and benchmarked to the current commonly applied methacryloyl-modified gelatin (GelMA) with different degrees of substitutions focussing on bottom-up tissue engineering. The developed hydrogels resulted in similar gel fractions, swelling, and in vitro biodegradation properties compared to the benchmark materials. Furthermore, the thiol-ene hydrogels exhibited mechanical properties closer to those of native fatty tissue compared to GelMA. The mechanical cues of the equimolar GelNB DS55% + GelSH DS75% composition resulted not only in similar biocompatibility but also, more importantly, in superior differentiation of the encapsulated cells into the adipogenic lineage, as compared to GelMA. It can be concluded that the photo-crosslinkable thiol-ene systems offer a promising strategy toward adipose tissue engineering through cell encapsulation compared to the benchmark GelMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Van Damme
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group-Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)-Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 2K12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group-Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)-Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Blondeel
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 2K12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group-Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)-Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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143
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Deng L, Chen Y, Guo J, Han X, Guo Y. Roles and mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in orthodontic tooth movement. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7792-7800. [PMID: 33843049 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators encoded by paratactic homologous genes, shuttle-crossing between cytoplasm and nucleus to regulate the gene expression and cell behavior and standing at the center place of the sophisticated regulatory networking of mechanotransduction. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process in which extracellular mechanical stimuli are transformed into intracellular biochemical signals to regulate cellular responses and tissue remodeling. Literature studies have confirmed that YAP/TAZ plays an important role not only in embryonic development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis, but also in mechanical-biochemical signal transduction of periodontal tissues under the mediation of various signal molecules in its upstream and downstream. Herein, we review the advances in the roles and mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in OTM to provide insights for better understanding and further study of the OTM and possible targeted clinical intervention in orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiusi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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144
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Espina JA, Marchant CL, Barriga EH. Durotaxis: the mechanical control of directed cell migration. FEBS J 2021; 289:2736-2754. [PMID: 33811732 PMCID: PMC9292038 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is essential for cells to efficiently migrate in physiological and pathological processes. While migrating in their native environment, cells interact with multiple types of cues, such as mechanical and chemical signals. The role of chemical guidance via chemotaxis has been studied in the past, the understanding of mechanical guidance of cell migration via durotaxis remained unclear until very recently. Nonetheless, durotaxis has become a topic of intensive research and several advances have been made in the study of mechanically guided cell migration across multiple fields. Thus, in this article we provide a state of the art about durotaxis by discussing in silico, in vitro and in vivo data. We also present insights on the general mechanisms by which cells sense, transduce and respond to environmental mechanics, to then contextualize these mechanisms in the process of durotaxis and explain how cells bias their migration in anisotropic substrates. Furthermore, we discuss what is known about durotaxis in vivo and we comment on how haptotaxis could arise from integrating durotaxis and chemotaxis in native environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espina
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristian L Marchant
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
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145
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Young KA, Biggins L, Sharpe HJ. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in cell adhesion. Biochem J 2021; 478:1061-1083. [PMID: 33710332 PMCID: PMC7959691 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive structures between cells and with the surrounding matrix are essential for the development of multicellular organisms. In addition to providing mechanical integrity, they are key signalling centres providing feedback on the extracellular environment to the cell interior, and vice versa. During development, mitosis and repair, cell adhesions must undergo extensive remodelling. Post-translational modifications of proteins within these complexes serve as switches for activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important modification in cell adhesion that is dynamically regulated by the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinases. Several PTPs are implicated in the assembly and maintenance of cell adhesions, however, their signalling functions remain poorly defined. The PTPs can act by directly dephosphorylating adhesive complex components or function as scaffolds. In this review, we will focus on human PTPs and discuss their individual roles in major adhesion complexes, as well as Hippo signalling. We have collated PTP interactome and cell adhesome datasets, which reveal extensive connections between PTPs and cell adhesions that are relatively unexplored. Finally, we reflect on the dysregulation of PTPs and cell adhesions in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Young
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Laura Biggins
- Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Hayley J. Sharpe
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
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146
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Han X, Caron JM, Lary CW, Sathyanarayana P, Vary C, Brooks PC. An RGDKGE-Containing Cryptic Collagen Fragment Regulates Phosphorylation of Large Tumor Suppressor Kinase-1 and Controls Ovarian Tumor Growth by a Yes-Associated Protein-Dependent Mechanism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:527-544. [PMID: 33307038 PMCID: PMC7927278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The growth and spread of malignant tumors, such as ovarian carcinomas, are governed in part by complex interconnected signaling cascades occurring between stromal and tumor cells. These reciprocal cross-talk signaling networks operating within the local tissue microenvironment may enhance malignant tumor progression. Understanding how novel bioactive molecules generated within the tumor microenvironment regulate signaling pathways in distinct cellular compartments is critical for the development of more effective treatment paradigms. Herein, we provide evidence that blocking cellular interactions with an RGDKGE-containing collagen peptide that selectively binds integrin β3 on ovarian tumor cells enhances the phosphorylation of the hippo effector kinase large tumor suppressor kinase-1 and reduces nuclear accumulation of yes-associated protein and its target gene c-Myc. Selectively targeting this RGDKGE-containing collagen fragment inhibited ovarian tumor growth and the development of ascites fluid in vivo. These findings suggest that this bioactive collagen fragment may represent a previously unknown regulator of the hippo effector kinase large tumor suppressor kinase-1 and regulate ovarian tumor growth by a yes-associated protein-dependent mechanism. Taken together, these data not only provide new mechanistic insight into how a unique collagen fragment may regulate ovarian cancer, but in addition may help provide a useful new alternative strategy to control ovarian tumor progression based on selectively disrupting a previously unappreciated signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangHua Han
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Jennifer M Caron
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Christine W Lary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Pradeep Sathyanarayana
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Calvin Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine.
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147
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Su K, Wang J, Lv Y, Tian M, Zhao YY, Minshall RD, Hu G. YAP expression in endothelial cells prevents ventilator-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L568-L582. [PMID: 33565367 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00472.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury is associated with an increase in mortality in patients with respiratory dysfunction, although mechanical ventilation is an essential intervention implemented in the intensive care unit. Intrinsic molecular mechanisms for minimizing lung inflammatory injury during mechanical ventilation remain poorly defined. We hypothesize that Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression in endothelial cells protects the lung against ventilator-induced injury. Wild-type and endothelial-specific YAP-deficient mice were subjected to a low (7 mL/kg) or high (21 mL/kg) tidal volume (VT) ventilation for 4 h. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung, vascular permeability, lung histopathology, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. Here, we showed that mechanical ventilation with high VT upregulated YAP protein expression in pulmonary endothelial cells. Endothelial-specific YAP knockout mice following high VT ventilation exhibited increased neutrophil counts and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Evans blue leakage, and histological lung injury compared with wild-type littermate controls. Deletion of YAP in endothelial cells exaggerated vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin phosphorylation, downregulation of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), and dissociation of VE-cadherin and catenins following mechanical ventilation. Importantly, exogenous expression of wild-type VE-PTP in the pulmonary vasculature rescued YAP ablation-induced increases in neutrophil counts and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, vascular leakage, and histological lung injury as well as VE-cadherin phosphorylation and dissociation from catenins following ventilation. These data demonstrate that YAP expression in endothelial cells suppresses lung inflammatory response and edema formation by modulating VE-PTP-mediated VE-cadherin phosphorylation and thus plays a protective role in ventilator-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guochang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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148
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Hooglugt A, van der Stoel MM, Boon RA, Huveneers S. Endothelial YAP/TAZ Signaling in Angiogenesis and Tumor Vasculature. Front Oncol 2021; 10:612802. [PMID: 33614496 PMCID: PMC7890025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.612802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are dependent on vascularization for their growth. The hypoxic, stiff, and pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment induces angiogenesis, giving rise to an immature, proliferative, and permeable vasculature. The tumor vessels promote tumor metastasis and complicate delivery of anti-cancer therapies. In many types of tumors, YAP/TAZ activation is correlated with increased levels of angiogenesis. In addition, endothelial YAP/TAZ activation is important for the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels during development. Oncogenic activation of YAP/TAZ in tumor cell growth and invasion has been studied in great detail, however the role of YAP/TAZ within the tumor endothelium remains insufficiently understood, which complicates therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting YAP/TAZ in cancer. Here, we overview the upstream signals from the tumor microenvironment that control endothelial YAP/TAZ activation and explore the role of their downstream targets in driving tumor angiogenesis. We further discuss the potential for anti-cancer treatments and vascular normalization strategies to improve tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aukie Hooglugt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miesje M. van der Stoel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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149
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Martin E, Girardello R, Dittmar G, Ludwig A. New insights into the organization and regulation of the apical polarity network in mammalian epithelial cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:7073-7095. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Martin
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Rossana Girardello
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology (NISB) Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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150
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Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ and their association with skeletal muscle ageing. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:63-73. [PMID: 33495890 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy commonly occurs during ageing, thus pathways that regulate muscle mass may represent a potential therapeutic avenue for interventions. In this review, we explored the Hippo signalling pathway which plays an essential role in human oncogenesis and the pathway's influence on myogenesis and satellite cell functions, on supporting cells such as fibroblasts, and autophagy. YAP/TAZ was found to regulate both myoblast proliferation and differentiation, albeit with unique roles. Additionally, YAP/TAZ has different functions depending on the expressing cell type, making simple inference of their effects difficult. Studies in cancers have shown that the Hippo pathway influenced the autophagy pathway, although with mixed results. Most of the present researches on YAP/TAZ are focused on its oncogenicity and further studies are needed to translate these findings to physiological ageing. Taken together, the modulation of YAP/TAZ or the Hippo pathway in general may offer potential new strategies for the prevention or treatment of ageing.
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