101
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Akiyama T, Sato S, Chikazawa-Nohtomi N, Soma A, Kimura H, Wakabayashi S, Ko SBH, Ko MSH. Efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into skeletal muscle cells by combining RNA-based MYOD1-expression and POU5F1-silencing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1189. [PMID: 29352121 PMCID: PMC5775307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct generation of skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) would be beneficial for drug testing, drug discovery, and disease modelling in vitro. Here we show a rapid and robust method to induce myogenic differentiation of hPSCs by introducing mRNA encoding MYOD1 together with siRNA-mediated knockdown of POU5F1 (also known as OCT4 or OCT3/4). This integration-free approach generates functional skeletal myotubes with sarcomere-like structure and a fusion capacity in several days. The POU5F1 silencing facilitates MYOD1 recruitment to the target promoters, which results in the significant activation of myogenic genes in hPSCs. Furthermore, deep sequencing transcriptome analyses demonstrated that POU5F1-knockdown upregulates the genes associated with IGF- and FGF-signaling and extracellular matrix that may also support myogenic differentiation. This rapid and direct differentiation method may have potential applications in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics for muscle disorders such as muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Akiyama
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160, Japan
| | - Saeko Sato
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160, Japan
| | | | - Atsumi Soma
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kimura
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160, Japan
| | - Shunichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160, Japan
| | - Shigeru B H Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160, Japan
| | - Minoru S H Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160, Japan.
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102
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Li N, Shi RH. Updated review on immune factors in pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:15-22. [PMID: 29358878 PMCID: PMC5757119 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) in China is not as high as that in European and American countries, there has been a clear increasing trend in recent years. Little is known about its pathogenesis, cause of deferment, and the range of complications associated with the disease. Local and international scholars have presented many hypotheses about CD pathogenesis based on experimental and clinical studies, including genetic susceptibility, immune function defects, intestinal microflora disorders, delayed hypersensitivity, and food antigen stimulation. However, the specific mechanism leading to this immune imbalance, which causes persistent intestinal mucosal damage, and the source of the inflammatory cascade reaction are still unclear. So far, the results of research studies differ locally and internationally. This paper presents the most current research on immune factors in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Clinical Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui-Hua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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103
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Italiano JE, Hartwig JH. Megakaryocyte and Platelet Structure. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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104
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Horiguchi I, Urabe Y, Kimura K, Sakai Y. Effects of glucose, lactate and basic FGF as limiting factors on the expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:111-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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105
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Nurhayati RW, Ojima Y, Dohda T, Kino-Oka M. Large-scale culture of a megakaryocytic progenitor cell line with a single-use bioreactor system. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:362-369. [PMID: 29226613 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of regenerative medicine has generated a growing demand for stem cells and their derivatives. Single-use bioreactors offer an attractive platform for stem cell expansion owing to their scalability for large-scale production and feasibility of meeting clinical-grade standards. The current work evaluated the capacity of a single-use bioreactor system (1 L working volume) for expanding Meg01 cells, a megakaryocytic (MK) progenitor cell line. Oxygen supply was provided by surface aeration to minimize foaming and orbital shaking was used to promote oxygen transfer. Oxygen transfer rates (kL a) of shaking speeds 50, 100, and 125 rpm were estimated to be 0.39, 1.12, and 10.45 h-1 , respectively. Shaking speed was a critical factor for optimizing cell growth. At 50 rpm, Meg01 cells exhibited restricted growth due to insufficient mixing. A negative effect occurred when the shaking speed was increased to 125 rpm, likely caused by high hydrodynamic shear stress. The bioreactor culture achieved the highest growth profile when shaken at 100 rpm, achieving a total expansion rate up to 5.7-fold with a total cell number of 1.2 ± 0.2 × 109 cells L-1 . In addition, cells expanded using the bioreactor system could maintain their potency to differentiate following the MK lineage, as analyzed from specific surface protein and morphological similarity with the cells grown in the conventional culturing system. Our study reports the impact of operational variables such as shaking speed for growth profile and MK differentiation potential of a progenitor cell line in a single-use bioreactor. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:362-369, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yoshihiro Ojima
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeaki Dohda
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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106
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Red Blood Cells and Platelet Concentrates: From Bench to Bedside. Cells 2017; 7:cells7010002. [PMID: 29280988 PMCID: PMC5789275 DOI: 10.3390/cells7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells and platelets are anucleate blood components indispensable for oxygen delivery and hemostasis, respectively. Derivation of these blood elements from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has the potential to develop blood donor-independent and genetic manipulation-prone products to complement or replace current transfusion banking, also minimizing the risk of alloimmunization. While the production of erythrocytes from iPS cells has challenges to overcome, such as differentiation into adult-type phenotype that functions properly after transfusion, platelet products are qualitatively and quantitatively approaching a clinically-applicable level owing to advances in expandable megakaryocyte (MK) lines, platelet-producing bioreactors, and novel reagents. Guidelines that assure the quality of iPS cells-derived blood products for clinical application represent a novel challenge for regulatory agencies. Considering the minimal risk of tumorigenicity and the expected significant demand of such products, ex vivo production of iPS-derived blood components can pave the way for iPS translation into the clinic.
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107
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A Refined Culture System for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Epithelial Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:314-328. [PMID: 29233552 PMCID: PMC5768885 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut epithelial organoids are routinely used to investigate intestinal biology; however, current culture methods are not amenable to genetic manipulation, and it is difficult to generate sufficient numbers for high-throughput studies. Here, we present an improved culture system of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived intestinal organoids involving four methodological advances. (1) We adopted a lentiviral vector to readily establish and optimize conditioned medium for human intestinal organoid culture. (2) We obtained intestinal organoids from human iPSCs more efficiently by supplementing WNT3A and fibroblast growth factor 2 to induce differentiation into definitive endoderm. (3) Using 2D culture, followed by re-establishment of organoids, we achieved an efficient transduction of exogenous genes in organoids. (4) We investigated suspension organoid culture without scaffolds for easier harvesting and assays. These techniques enable us to develop, maintain, and expand intestinal organoids readily and quickly at low cost, facilitating high-throughput screening of pathogenic factors and candidate treatments for gastrointestinal diseases.
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108
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Abstract
Ex vivo production of human platelets has been pursued as an alternative measure to resolve limitations in the supply and safety of current platelet transfusion products. To this end, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered an ideal global source, as they are not only pluripotent and self-renewing, but are also available from basically any person, have relatively few ethical issues, and are easy to manipulate. From human iPSCs, megakaryocyte (MK) lines with robust proliferation capacity have been established by the introduction of specified sets of genes. These expandable MKs are also cryopreservable and thus would be suitable as master cells for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade production of platelets, assuring availability on demand and safety against blood-borne infections. Meanwhile, developments in bioreactors that physically mimic the in vivo environment and discovery of substances that promote thrombopoiesis have yielded competent platelets with improved efficiency. The derivation of platelets from iPSCs could further resolve transfusion-related alloimmune complications through the manufacturing of autologous products and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible platelets from stocked homologous HLA-type iPSC libraries or by manipulation of HLAs and human platelet antigens (HPAs). Considering these key advances in the field, HLA-deleted platelets could become a universal product that is manufactured at industrial level to safely fulfill almost all demands. In this review, we provide an overview of the ex vivo production of iPSC-derived platelets toward clinical applications, a production that would revolutionize the blood transfusion system and lead the field of iPSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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109
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Reciprocal Inflammatory Signaling Between Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Adipocytes in the Absence of Immune Cells. EBioMedicine 2017; 23:34-45. [PMID: 28789943 PMCID: PMC5605307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat accumulation as observed in Crohn's disease and obesity is linked to chronic gut inflammation, suggesting that accumulation of gut adipocytes can trigger local inflammatory signaling. However, direct interactions between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and adipocytes have not been investigated, in part because IEC physiology is difficult to replicate in culture. In this study, we originally prepared intact, polarized, and cytokine responsive IEC monolayers from primary or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids by simple and repeatable methods. When these physiological IECs were co-cultured with differentiated adipocytes in Transwell, pro-inflammatory genes were induced in both cell types, suggesting reciprocal inflammatory activation in the absence of immunocompetent cells. These inflammatory responses were blocked by nuclear factor-κB or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition and by anti-tumor necrosis factor- or anti-interleukin-6-neutralizing antibodies. Our results highlight the utility of these monolayers for investigating IEC biology. Furthermore, this system recapitulates the intestinal epithelium-mesenteric fat signals that potentially trigger or worsen inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease and obesity-related enterocolitis.
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110
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Koui Y, Kido T, Ito T, Oyama H, Chen SW, Katou Y, Shirahige K, Miyajima A. An In Vitro Human Liver Model by iPSC-Derived Parenchymal and Non-parenchymal Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:490-498. [PMID: 28757162 PMCID: PMC5549957 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During liver development, hepatoblasts and liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitute the liver bud where they proliferate and differentiate. Accordingly, we reasoned that liver NPCs would support the maturation of hepatocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which usually exhibit limited functions. We found that the transforming growth factor β and Rho signaling pathways, respectively, regulated the proliferation and maturation of LSEC and HSC progenitors isolated from mouse fetal livers. Based on these results, we have established culture systems to generate LSECs and HSCs from hiPSCs. These hiPSC-derived NPCs exhibited distinctive phenotypes and promoted self-renewal of hiPSC-derived liver progenitor cells (LPCs) over the long term in the two-dimensional culture system without exogenous cytokines and hepatic maturation of hiPSC-derived LPCs. Thus, a functional human liver model can be constructed in vitro from the LPCs, LSECs, and HSCs derived from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koui
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Toshimasa Ito
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oyama
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shin-Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuki Katou
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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111
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Watanabe N, Nogawa M, Ishiguro M, Maruyama H, Shiba M, Satake M, Eto K, Handa M. Refined methods to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic function and viability of transfused human platelets in rabbit models. Transfusion 2017; 57:2035-2044. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Watanabe
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy; Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | - Mariko Ishiguro
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy; Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Hitomi Maruyama
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy; Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Makoto Handa
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy; Keio University School of Medicine
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112
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Camp JG, Sekine K, Gerber T, Loeffler-Wirth H, Binder H, Gac M, Kanton S, Kageyama J, Damm G, Seehofer D, Belicova L, Bickle M, Barsacchi R, Okuda R, Yoshizawa E, Kimura M, Ayabe H, Taniguchi H, Takebe T, Treutlein B. Multilineage communication regulates human liver bud development from pluripotency. Nature 2017; 546:533-538. [PMID: 28614297 DOI: 10.1038/nature22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional differentiation from pluripotency fails to recapitulate cell interactions occurring during organogenesis. Three-dimensional organoids generate complex organ-like tissues; however, it is unclear how heterotypic interactions affect lineage identity. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to reconstruct hepatocyte-like lineage progression from pluripotency in two-dimensional culture. We then derive three-dimensional liver bud organoids by reconstituting hepatic, stromal, and endothelial interactions, and deconstruct heterogeneity during liver bud development. We find that liver bud hepatoblasts diverge from the two-dimensional lineage, and express epithelial migration signatures characteristic of organ budding. We benchmark three-dimensional liver buds against fetal and adult human liver single-cell RNA sequencing data, and find a striking correspondence between the three-dimensional liver bud and fetal liver cells. We use a receptor-ligand pairing analysis and a high-throughput inhibitor assay to interrogate signalling in liver buds, and show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) crosstalk potentiates endothelial network formation and hepatoblast differentiation. Our molecular dissection reveals interlineage communication regulating organoid development, and illuminates previously inaccessible aspects of human liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gray Camp
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tobias Gerber
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 16 Härtelstrasse, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 16 Härtelstrasse, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Gac
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Sabina Kanton
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jorge Kageyama
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, 55 Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, 55 Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Lenka Belicova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 108 Pfotenhauerstrasse, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Marc Bickle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 108 Pfotenhauerstrasse, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Rico Barsacchi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 108 Pfotenhauerstrasse, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ryo Okuda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Emi Yoshizawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ayabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 108 Pfotenhauerstrasse, Dresden 01307, Germany
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113
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Zhu LF, Xiao M, Chen YQ, Wang LY, Luo XF, Yuan XH, Ren JH, Chen ZZ, Hu JD, Yang T. In vitro effects of reprogramming factors on the expressions of pluripotent genes and CD 34 gene in human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Genomics 2017; 109:331-335. [PMID: 28533192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the in vitro effects of reprogramming factors on the expressions of pluripotent genes and CD34 gene in HL-60 cells. METHODS According to the construction of lentiviral vector LV-OSCK of reprogramming factors (Oct-4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc), 293T cells were transfected to detect virus titer. The endogenous pluripotent genes (Oct4, SOX2, c-Myc and Klf4) and CD34 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by AP staining, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS Expressions of Oct4, SOX2, c-Myc and Klf4 were 0.220±0.013, 0.186±0.009, 0.287±0.015 and 0.153±0.007. These levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control and blank groups. CD34 protein expression in the experimental group was also discovered to be significantly higher than the other two groups. CONCLUSION The reprogramming factors could increase the expressions of pluripotent genes and CD34 gene in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Fang Zhu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Ling-Yan Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Luo
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yuan
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Ren
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhe Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Jian-Da Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
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114
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Elbadry MI, Espinoza JL, Nakao S. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology: A window for studying the pathogenesis of acquired aplastic anemia and possible applications. Exp Hematol 2017; 49:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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115
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Identifying and enriching platelet-producing human stem cell-derived megakaryocytes using factor V uptake. Blood 2017; 130:192-204. [PMID: 28455282 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-761049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived platelets have the potential to replace donor platelets for transfusion. Defining the platelet-producing megakaryocytes (MKs) within the heterogeneous MK culture may help to optimize the in vitro generation of platelets. Using 2 human stem cell models of megakaryopoiesis, we identified novel MK populations corresponding to distinct maturation stages. An immature, low granular (LG) MK pool (defined by side scatter on flow cytometry) gives rise to a mature high granular (HG) pool, which then becomes damaged by apoptosis and glycoprotein Ib α chain (CD42b) shedding. We define an undamaged HG/CD42b+ MK subpopulation, which endocytoses fluorescently labeled coagulation factor V (FV) from the media into α-granules and releases functional FV+CD42b+ human platelet-like particles in vitro and when infused into immunodeficient mice. Importantly, these FV+ particles have the same size distribution as infused human donor platelets and are preferentially incorporated into clots after laser injury. Using drugs to protect HG MKs from apoptosis and CD42b shedding, we also demonstrate that apoptosis precedes CD42b shedding and that apoptosis inhibition enriches the FV+ HG/CD42b+ MKs, leading to increased platelet yield in vivo, but not in vitro. These studies identify a transition between distinct MK populations in vitro, including one that is primed for platelet release. Technologies to optimize and select these platelet-ready MKs may be important to efficiently generate functional platelets from in vitro-grown MKs.
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116
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Different regulation of limb development by p63 transcript variants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174122. [PMID: 28333962 PMCID: PMC5363923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical ectodermal ridge (AER), located at the distal end of each limb bud, is a key signaling center which controls outgrowth and patterning of the proximal-distal axis of the limb through secretion of various molecules. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), particularly Fgf8 and Fgf4, are representative molecules produced by AER cells, and essential to maintain the AER and cell proliferation in the underlying mesenchyme, meanwhile Jag2-Notch pathway negatively regulates the AER and limb development. p63, a transcription factor of the p53 family, is expressed in the AER and indispensable for limb formation. However, the underlying mechanisms and specific roles of p63 variants are unknown. Here, we quantified the expression of p63 variants in mouse limbs from embryonic day (E) 10.5 to E12.5, and found that ΔNp63γ was strongly expressed in limbs at all stages, while TAp63γ expression was rapidly increased in the later stages. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of limb bud cells from reporter mouse embryos at E11.5 revealed that all variants were abundantly expressed in AER cells, and their expression was very low in mesenchymal cells. We then generated AER-specific p63 knockout mice by mating mice with a null and a flox allele of p63, and Msx2-Cre mice (Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl). Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl neonates showed limb malformation that was more obvious in distal elements. Expression of various AER-related genes was decreased in Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl limb buds and embryoid bodies formed by p63-knockdown induced pluripotent stem cells. Promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated Fgf8 and Fgf4 as transcriptional targets of ΔNp63γ, and Jag2 as that of TAp63γ. Furthermore, TAp63γ overexpression exacerbated the phenotype of Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl mice. These data indicate that ΔNp63 and TAp63 control limb development through transcriptional regulation of different target molecules with different roles in the AER. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the molecular network of limb development.
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Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology to the Study of Hematological Diseases. Cells 2017; 6:cells6010007. [PMID: 28282903 PMCID: PMC5371872 DOI: 10.3390/cells6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The burst of reprogramming technology in recent years has revolutionized the field of stem cell biology, offering new opportunities for personalized, regenerative therapies. The direct reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided an invaluable tool to study and model a wide range of human diseases. Here, we review the transforming potential of such a strategy in research and in therapies applicable to the hematology field.
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118
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Novel TPO receptor agonist TA-316 contributes to platelet biogenesis from human iPS cells. Blood Adv 2017; 1:468-476. [PMID: 29296963 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by thrombopoietin (TPO) in complex with its receptor, c-MPL, is critical for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis and platelet generation. Here we show that TA-316, a novel chemically synthesized c-MPL agonist (CMA), is useful for ex vivo platelet generation from human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived immortalized megakaryocyte progenitor cell lines (imMKCLs). Moreover, the generation is clinically applicable, because self-renewal expansion and platelet release is tightly controllable. TA-316 but not eltrombopag, another CMA, promoted both the self-renewal and maturation of imMKCLs, leading to more than a twofold higher platelet production than that achieved with recombinant human TPO (rhTPO). Interestingly, TA-316 seemed to favor MK-biased differentiation from bone marrow CD34+ HSC/progenitors and imMKCLs through the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A and fibroblast growth factor 2. This result suggests TA-316 could facilitate the development of an efficient and useful system to expand platelets from imMKCLs.
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119
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Goparaju SK, Kohda K, Ibata K, Soma A, Nakatake Y, Akiyama T, Wakabayashi S, Matsushita M, Sakota M, Kimura H, Yuzaki M, Ko SBH, Ko MSH. Rapid differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional neurons by mRNAs encoding transcription factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42367. [PMID: 28205555 PMCID: PMC5304326 DOI: 10.1038/srep42367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into neurons is paramount for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell transplantation therapy in regenerative medicine. In this manuscript, we report the capability of five transcription factors (TFs) toward this aim: NEUROG1, NEUROG2, NEUROG3, NEUROD1, and NEUROD2. In contrast to previous methods that have shortcomings in their speed and efficiency, a cocktail of these TFs as synthetic mRNAs can differentiate hPSCs into neurons in 7 days, judged by calcium imaging and electrophysiology. They exhibit motor neuron phenotypes based on immunostaining. These results indicate the establishment of a novel method for rapid, efficient, and footprint-free differentiation of functional neurons from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan Kumar Goparaju
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kohda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Ibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsumi Soma
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukhi Nakatake
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Akiyama
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Misako Matsushita
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miki Sakota
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kimura
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeru B. H. Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Minoru S. H. Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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120
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Thon JN, Dykstra BJ, Beaulieu LM. Platelet bioreactor: accelerated evolution of design and manufacture. Platelets 2017; 28:472-477. [PMID: 28112988 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1265922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, responsible for clot formation and blood vessel repair, are produced by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Platelets are critical for hemostasis and wound healing, and are often provided following surgery, chemotherapy, and major trauma. Despite their importance, platelets today are derived exclusively from human volunteer donors. They have a shelf life of just five days, making platelet shortages common during long weekends, civic holidays, bad weather, and during major emergencies when platelets are needed most. Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow generate platelets by extruding long cytoplasmic extensions called proplatelets through gaps/fenestrations in blood vessels. Proplatelets serve as assembly lines for platelet production by sequentially releasing platelets and large discoid-shaped platelet intermediates called preplatelets into the circulation. Recent advances in platelet bioreactor development have aimed to mimic the key physiological characteristics of bone marrow, including extracellular matrix composition/stiffness, blood vessel architecture comprising tissue-specific microvascular endothelium, and shear stress. Nevertheless, how complex interactions within three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments regulate thrombopoiesis remains poorly understood, and the technical challenges associated with designing and manufacturing biomimetic microfluidic devices are often under-appreciated and under-reported. We have previously reviewed the major cell culture, platelet quality assessment, and regulatory roadblocks that must be overcome to make human platelet production possible for clinical use [1]. This review builds on our previous manuscript by: (1) detailing the historical evolution of platelet bioreactor design to recapitulate native platelet production ex vivo, and (2) identifying the associated challenges that still need to be addressed to further scale and validate these devices for commercial application. While platelets are among the first cells whose ex vivo production is spearheading major engineering advancements in microfluidic design, the resulting discoveries will undoubtedly extend to the production of other human tissues. This work is critical to identify the physiological characteristics of relevant 3D tissue-specific microenvironments that drive cell differentiation and elaborate upon how these are disrupted in disease. This is a burgeoning field whose future will define not only the ex vivo production of platelets and development of targeted therapies for thrombocytopenia, but the promise of regenerative medicine for the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Thon
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , MA , USA.,b Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Platelet BioGenesis , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Brad J Dykstra
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , MA , USA.,b Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Platelet BioGenesis , Boston , MA , USA
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Chao MP, Gentles AJ, Chatterjee S, Lan F, Reinisch A, Corces MR, Xavy S, Shen J, Haag D, Chanda S, Sinha R, Morganti RM, Nishimura T, Ameen M, Wu H, Wernig M, Wu JC, Majeti R. Human AML-iPSCs Reacquire Leukemic Properties after Differentiation and Model Clonal Variation of Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:329-344.e7. [PMID: 28089908 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relative contributions of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) should assist integrated design of targeted therapies. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from AML patient samples harboring MLL rearrangements and found that they retained leukemic mutations but reset leukemic DNA methylation/gene expression patterns. AML-iPSCs lacked leukemic potential, but when differentiated into hematopoietic cells, they reacquired the ability to give rise to leukemia in vivo and reestablished leukemic DNA methylation/gene expression patterns, including an aberrant MLL signature. Epigenetic reprogramming was therefore not sufficient to eliminate leukemic behavior. This approach also allowed us to study the properties of distinct AML subclones, including differential drug susceptibilities of KRAS mutant and wild-type cells, and predict relapse based on increased cytarabine resistance of a KRAS wild-type subclone. Overall, our findings illustrate the value of AML-iPSCs for investigating the mechanistic basis and clonal properties of human AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford Medicine, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Stanford Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susmita Chatterjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Feng Lan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seethu Xavy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinfeng Shen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Haag
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Soham Chanda
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel M Morganti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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122
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Nurhayati RW, Ojima Y, Taya M. Recent developments in ex vivo platelet production. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2211-2221. [PMID: 27002966 PMCID: PMC5101314 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet is a component of blood that functions to initiate blood clotting. Abnormal platelet count and function can lead to a life-threatening condition caused by excessive bleeding. At present, platelet supply for transfusion can be obtained only from platelet donation. However, platelets cannot be stored for longer than 7 days, meaning that routine isolation is required to maintain platelet supply for transfusion. To mitigate for potential platelet shortages, several strategies have been proposed to generate platelets ex vivo. By employing both of natural and artificial approaches, several researchers have successfully generated biomaterials with characteristics similar to human-derived platelets. Their reports indicated that the biomaterials could mimic the aggregation of human-isolated platelets, further suggesting the possibility to substitute or complement human-isolated platelets. The current review summarizes the progress in ex vivo platelet production and gives a prospect for the possible approaches to achieving a feasible platelet factory, based on the Good Manufacturing Practice standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ojima
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masahito Taya
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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123
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Jha PK, Vijay A, Sahu A, Ashraf MZ. Comprehensive Gene expression meta-analysis and integrated bioinformatic approaches reveal shared signatures between thrombosis and myeloproliferative disorders. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37099. [PMID: 27892526 PMCID: PMC5125005 DOI: 10.1038/srep37099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), particularly polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). Despite the attempts to establish a link between them, the shared biological mechanisms are yet to be characterized. An integrated gene expression meta-analysis of five independent publicly available microarray data of the three diseases was conducted to identify shared gene expression signatures and overlapping biological processes. Using INMEX bioinformatic tool, based on combined Effect Size (ES) approaches, we identified a total of 1,157 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (697 overexpressed and 460 underexpressed genes) shared between the three diseases. EnrichR tool's rich library was used for comprehensive functional enrichment and pathway analysis which revealed "mRNA Splicing" and "SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins" among the most enriched terms. Network based meta-analysis identified MYC and FN1 to be the most highly ranked hub genes. Our results reveal that the alterations in biomarkers of the coagulation cascade like F2R, PROS1, SELPLG and ITGB2 were common between the three diseases. Interestingly, the study has generated a novel database of candidate genetic markers, pathways and transcription factors shared between thrombosis and MPDs, which might aid in the development of prognostic therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aatira Vijay
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Anita Sahu
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, INDIA
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124
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Sun Y, Chi BR. Application of induced pluripotent stem cells in cholangiopathies. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4247-4252. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i31.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in morphology, gene expression, cell self-renewal and differentiation potential. They avoid the problem of immune rejection and ethical issues associated with the application of ESCs. The application of iPSCs in a variety of diseases provides favorable experiences to the research of liver diseases. Cholangiopathies, such as primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, refer to a category of uncommon diseases that possess unclear pathogenesis, lack effective treatment and have a poor prognosis. Hence, investigating cholangiopathies-derived, individualized iPSCs and their differentiation into functional cells can mimic the disease phenotype and pathological process in vitro. The application of these cells has great significance for pathogenesis exploration, drug screening and therapeutic evaluation.
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125
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Generation and In Vitro Expansion of Hepatic Progenitor Cells from Human iPS Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1357:295-310. [PMID: 25697415 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have the unique properties of self-renewal and multipotency (producing progeny belonging to two or more lineages). Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from somatic cells by simultaneous expression of pluripotent factors (Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc). They share the same properties as embryonic stem (ES) cells and can differentiate into several tissue cells, i.e., neurons, hematopoietic cells, and liver cells. Therefore, iPS cells are suitable candidate cells for regenerative medicine and analyses of disease mechanisms.The liver is the major organ that regulates a multitude of metabolic functions. Hepatocytes are the major cell type populating the liver parenchyma and express several metabolic enzymes that are necessary for liver functions. Although hepatocytes are essential for maintaining homeostasis, it is difficult to alter artificial and transplanted cells because of their multifunctionality, donor shortage, and immunorejection risk. During liver development, hepatic progenitor cells in the fetal liver differentiate into both mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. As hepatic progenitor cells have bipotency and high proliferation ability, they could present a potential source for generating transplantable cells or as a liver study model. Here we describe the induction and purification of hepatic progenitor cells derived from human iPS cells. These cells can proliferate for a long term under suitable culture conditions.
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126
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Hirata S, Murata T, Suzuki D, Nakamura S, Jono‐Ohnishi R, Hirose H, Sawaguchi A, Nishimura S, Sugimoto N, Eto K. Selective Inhibition of ADAM17 Efficiently Mediates Glycoprotein Ibα Retention During Ex Vivo Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Platelets. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:720-730. [PMID: 28297575 PMCID: PMC5442763 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor‐independent platelet concentrates for transfusion can be produced in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, culture at 37°C induces ectodomain shedding on platelets of glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), the von Willebrand factor receptor critical for adhesive function and platelet lifetime in vivo, through temperature‐dependent activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17). The shedding can be suppressed by using inhibitors of panmetalloproteinases and possibly of the upstream regulator p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), but residues of these inhibitors in the final platelet products may be accompanied by harmful risks that prevent clinical application. Here, we optimized the culture conditions for generating human iPSC‐derived GPIbα+ platelets, focusing on culture temperature and additives, by comparing a new and safe selective ADAM17 inhibitor, KP‐457, with previous inhibitors. Because cultivation at 24°C (at which conventional platelet concentrates are stored) markedly diminished the yield of platelets with high expression of platelet receptors, 37°C was requisite for normal platelet production from iPSCs. KP‐457 blocked GPIbα shedding from iPSC platelets at a lower half‐maximal inhibitory concentration than panmetalloproteinase inhibitor GM‐6001, whereas p38 MAPK inhibitors did not. iPSC platelets generated in the presence of KP‐457 exhibited improved GPIbα‐dependent aggregation not inferior to human fresh platelets. A thrombus formation model using immunodeficient mice after platelet transfusion revealed that iPSC platelets generated with KP‐457 exerted better hemostatic function in vivo. Our findings suggest that KP‐457, unlike GM‐6001 or p38 MAPK inhibitors, effectively enhances the production of functional human iPSC‐derived platelets at 37°C, which is an important step toward their clinical application. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:720–730
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hirata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoko Jono‐Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirose
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto Development Center, Megakaryon Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Sawaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Innovation Stem Cell Therapy, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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A portable platform for stepwise hematopoiesis from human pluripotent stem cells within PET-reinforced collagen sponges. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:647-660. [PMID: 27599982 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Various systems for differentiating hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been developed, although none have been fully optimized. In this report, we describe the development of a novel three-dimensional system for differentiating hematopoietic cells from PSCs using collagen sponges (CSs) reinforced with poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers as a scaffold. PSCs seeded onto CSs were differentiated in a stepwise manner with appropriate cytokines under serum-free and feeder-free conditions. This process yielded several lineages of floating hematopoietic cells repeatedly for more than 1 month. On immunohistochemical staining, we detected CD34+ cells and CD45+ cells in the surface and cavities of the CS. Taking advantage of the portability of this system, we were able to culture multiple CSs together floating in medium, making it possible to harvest large numbers of hematopoietic cells repeatedly. Given these findings, we suggest that this novel three-dimensional culture system may be useful in the large-scale culture of PSC-derived hematopoietic cells.
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128
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Horowitz M, Elstein D, Zimran A, Goker-Alpan O. New Directions in Gaucher Disease. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1121-1136. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Horowitz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
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129
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Wu Q, Mei W, Zheng K, Ding Y. Self-assembly of c-myc DNA promoted by a single enantiomer ruthenium complex as a potential nuclear targeting gene carrier. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28582. [PMID: 27381008 PMCID: PMC4933878 DOI: 10.1038/srep28582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has long been limited in the clinic, due in part to the lack of safety and efficacy of the gene carrier. Herein, a single enantiomer ruthenium(II) complex, Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(p-BEPIP)](ClO4)2 (Λ-RM0627, bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, p-BEPIP = 2-(4-phenylacetylenephenyl)imidazole [4,5f][1, 10] phenanthroline), has been synthesized and investigated as a potential gene carrier that targets the nucleus. In this report, it is shown that Λ-RM0627 promotes self-assembly of c-myc DNA to form a nanowire structure. Further studies showed that the nano-assembly of c-myc DNA that induced Λ-RM0627 could be efficiently taken up and enriched in the nuclei of HepG2 cells. After treatment of the nano-assembly of c-myc DNA with Λ-RM0627, over-expression of c-myc in HepG2 cells was observed. In summary, Λ-RM0627 played a key role in the transfer and release of c-myc into cells, which strongly indicates Λ-RM0627 as a potent carrier of c-myc DNA that targets the nucleus of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kangdi Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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130
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Schlinker AC, Duncan MT, DeLuca TA, Whitehead DC, Miller WM. Megakaryocyte Polyploidization and Proplatelet Formation in Low-Attachment Conditions. Biochem Eng J 2016; 111:24-33. [PMID: 27087780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro-derived platelets (PLTs), which could provide an alternative source of PLTs for patient transfusions, are formed from polyploid megakaryocytes (MKs) that extend long cytoplasmic projections, termed proplatelets (proPLTs). In this study, we compared polyploidization and proPLT formation (PPF) of MKs cultured on surfaces that either promote or inhibit protein adsorption and subsequent cell adhesion. A megakaryoblastic cell line exhibited increased polyploidization and arrested PPF on a low-attachment surface. Primary human MKs also showed low levels of PPF on the same surface, but no difference in ploidy. Importantly, both cell types exhibited accelerated PPF after transfer to a surface that supports attachment, suggesting that pre-culture on a non-adhesive surface may facilitate synchronization of PPF and PLT generation in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina C Schlinker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Mark T Duncan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Teresa A DeLuca
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - David C Whitehead
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - William M Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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131
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Wang B, Zheng J. Platelet generation in vivo and in vitro. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:787. [PMID: 27390629 PMCID: PMC4914488 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelet (PLT) transfusion, which is the primary cell therapy for thrombocytopenia, has been a source of concern in recent years due to its limitations of donor-dependent supply and soaring costs. In vitro platelet generation on an industrial scale is a possible solution requiring exploration. The technology of platelet generation ex vivo has been widely studied across the world, though the mechanisms of physiological thrombopoiesis and platelet biology function in vivo still remain elusive today. Various culture systems have been studied, most of which proved quite inefficient in generating functional platelets ex vivo, so there is still a long way to reach our ultimate goal of generating a fully functional platelet in vitro on an industrial scale. This review integrates the latest research into physiological platelet biogenesis and ex vivo-platelet/megakaryocyte (MK) generation protocols with a focus on the ability to generate PLT/MK in large quantities, summarizes current culture systems based on induced human pluripotent stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells, and discusses significant challenges that must be overcome for these approaches to be perfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, 363000 Fujian China
| | - Jiansheng Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, 363000 Fujian China
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132
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Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. Serum replacement with albumin-associated lipids prevents excess aggregation and enhances growth of induced pluripotent stem cells in suspension culture. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1009-16. [PMID: 27193385 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suspension culture systems are currently under investigation for the mass production of pluripotent stem (PS) cells for tissue engineering; however, the control of cell aggregation in suspension culture remains challenging. Existing methods to control aggregation such as microwell culture are difficult to scale up. To address this issue, in this study a novel method that incorporates the addition of KnockOut Serum Replacement (KSR) to the PS cell culture medium was described. The method regulated cellular aggregation and significantly improved cell growth (a 2- to 10-fold increase) without any influence on pluripotency. In addition, albumin-associated lipids as the major working ingredient of KSR responsible for this inhibition of aggregation were identified. This is one of the simplest methods described to date to control aggregation and requires only chemically synthesizable reagents. Thus, this method has the potential to simplify the mass production process of PS cells and thus lower their cost. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1009-1016, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Horiguchi
- Dept. of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Dept. of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Inst. of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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133
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Ono-Uruga Y, Tozawa K, Horiuchi T, Murata M, Okamoto S, Ikeda Y, Suda T, Matsubara Y. Human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells can differentiate into megakaryocytes and platelets by secreting endogenous thrombopoietin. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1285-97. [PMID: 26990635 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Manufacturing platelets from a donor-independent source is highlighted in transfusion medicine. We examined the differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) into platelets. Endogenous thrombopoietin (TPO) induced ASCs differentiation into megakaryocytes and platelets. TPO secretion from ASCs was due to an interaction of transferrin with its receptor CD71. SUMMARY Background Ex vivo production of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets from a donor-independent source is currently of intense interest in transfusion medicine. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) constitute an attractive candidate cell source, because inducing these cells into MK lineages requires no gene transfer and only endogenous transcription factors containing p45NF-E2/Maf, an MK-inducing factor. Objectives To examine whether ASCs differentiate into MK lineages by using endogenous thrombopoietin (TPO), a primary cytokine that drives MK lineages. Methods TPO levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. To investigate the effects of endogenous TPO on MK and platelet production, surface marker expression and functions for platelets were analyzed in ASC-derived cells cultured in the presence or absence of recombinant TPO. Based on a screening test, the role of transferrin receptor CD71 in TPO production and MK differentiation was examined with anti-CD71 antibody, small interfering RNA (siRNA) against CD71 (siRNA-CD71), and CD71-positive/negative cells. Results ASCs secreted TPO during MK differentiation, and the endogenous TPO facilitated MK and platelet production from ASCs. TPO secretion from ASCs occurred in a transferrin-dependent manner. ASCs treated with anti-CD71 antibody or transfected with siRNA-CD71 produced markedly less TPO. The TPO levels and MK yield were significantly higher when CD71-positive ASCs were used than when CD71-negative ASCs were used. Conclusions CD71 might be an appropriate marker for MK progenitor cells among human ASCs, because of the higher capacity of CD71-positive cells to produce TPO and their ability to differentiate into MKs. These findings could help to establish an efficient method for platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ono-Uruga
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tozawa
- Division of Hematology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Horiuchi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Murata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ikeda
- Division of Hematology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Y Matsubara
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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134
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Börger AK, Eicke D, Wolf C, Gras C, Aufderbeck S, Schulze K, Engels L, Eiz-Vesper B, Schambach A, Guzman CA, Lachmann N, Moritz T, Martin U, Blasczyk R, Figueiredo C. Generation of HLA-Universal iPSC-Derived Megakaryocytes and Platelets for Survival Under Refractoriness Conditions. Mol Med 2016; 22:274-285. [PMID: 27262025 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet (PLT) transfusion is indispensable to maintain homeostasis in thrombocytopenic patients. However, PLT transfusion refractoriness is a common life-threatening condition observed in multitransfused patients. The most frequent immune cause for PLT transfusion refractoriness is the presence of alloantibodies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I epitopes. Here, we have silenced the expression of HLA class I to generate a stable HLA-universal induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line that can be used as a renewable cell source for the generation of low immunogenic cell products. The expression of HLA class I was silenced by up to 82% and remained stable during iPSC cultivation. In this study, we have focused on the generation of megakaryocytes (MK) and PLTs from a HLA-universal iPSC source under feeder- and xeno-free conditions. On d 19, differentiation rates of MKs and PLTs with means of 58% and 76% were observed, respectively. HLA-universal iPSC-derived MKs showed polyploidy with DNA contents higher than 4n and formed proPLTs. Importantly, differentiated MKs remained silenced for HLA class I expression. HLA-universal MKs produced functional PLTs. Notably, iPSC-derived HLA-universal MKs were capable to escape antibody-mediated complement- and cellular-dependent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HLA-universal MKs were able to produce PLTs after in vivo transfusion in a mouse model indicating that they might be used as an alternative to PLT transfusion. Thus, in vitro produced low immunogenic MKs and PLTs may become an alternative to PLT donation in PLT-based therapies and an important component in the management of severe alloimmunized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Börger
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Eicke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Wolf
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Gras
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Aufderbeck
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lena Engels
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzman
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Constança Figueiredo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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135
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Sabapathy V, Kumar S. hiPSC-derived iMSCs: NextGen MSCs as an advanced therapeutically active cell resource for regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1571-88. [PMID: 27097531 PMCID: PMC4956943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being assessed for ameliorating the severity of graft‐versus‐host disease, autoimmune conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and cardiovascular diseases. While most of these clinical therapeutic applications require substantial cell quantities, the number of MSCs that can be obtained initially from a single donor remains limited. The utility of MSCs derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has been shown in recent pre‐clinical studies. Since adult MSCs have limited capability regarding proliferation, the quantum of bioactive factor secretion and immunomodulation ability may be constrained. Hence, the alternate source of MSCs is being considered to replace the commonly used adult tissue‐derived MSCs. The MSCs have been obtained from various adult and foetal tissues. The hiPSC‐derived MSCs (iMSCs) are transpiring as an attractive source of MSCs because during reprogramming process, cells undergo rejuvination, exhibiting better cellular vitality such as survival, proliferation and differentiations potentials. The autologous iMSCs could be considered as an inexhaustible source of MSCs that could be used to meet the unmet clinical needs. Human‐induced PSC‐derived MSCs are reported to be superior when compared to the adult MSCs regarding cell proliferation, immunomodulation, cytokines profiles, microenvironment modulating exosomes and bioactive paracrine factors secretion. Strategies such as derivation and propagation of iMSCs in chemically defined culture conditions and use of footprint‐free safer reprogramming strategies have contributed towards the development of clinically relevant cell types. In this review, the role of iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) as an alternate source of therapeutically active MSCs has been described. Additionally, we also describe the role of iMSCs in regenerative medical applications, the necessary strategies, and the regulatory policies that have to be enforced to render iMSC's effectiveness in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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136
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Moreau T, Evans AL, Vasquez L, Tijssen MR, Yan Y, Trotter MW, Howard D, Colzani M, Arumugam M, Wu WH, Dalby A, Lampela R, Bouet G, Hobbs CM, Pask DC, Payne H, Ponomaryov T, Brill A, Soranzo N, Ouwehand WH, Pedersen RA, Ghevaert C. Large-scale production of megakaryocytes from human pluripotent stem cells by chemically defined forward programming. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11208. [PMID: 27052461 PMCID: PMC4829662 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of megakaryocytes (MKs)--the precursors of blood platelets--from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers exciting clinical opportunities for transfusion medicine. Here we describe an original approach for the large-scale generation of MKs in chemically defined conditions using a forward programming strategy relying on the concurrent exogenous expression of three transcription factors: GATA1, FLI1 and TAL1. The forward programmed MKs proliferate and differentiate in culture for several months with MK purity over 90% reaching up to 2 × 10(5) mature MKs per input hPSC. Functional platelets are generated throughout the culture allowing the prospective collection of several transfusion units from as few as 1 million starting hPSCs. The high cell purity and yield achieved by MK forward programming, combined with efficient cryopreservation and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible culture, make this approach eminently suitable to both in vitro production of platelets for transfusion and basic research in MK and platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moreau
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Amanda L. Evans
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Louella Vasquez
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Marloes R. Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Ying Yan
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Matthew W. Trotter
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Daniel Howard
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Maria Colzani
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Meera Arumugam
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Wing Han Wu
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Amanda Dalby
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Riina Lampela
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Guenaelle Bouet
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Catherine M. Hobbs
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Dean C. Pask
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Holly Payne
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tatyana Ponomaryov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Roger A. Pedersen
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK,
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK,
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137
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Biomedical Application of Dental Tissue-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762465. [PMID: 26989423 PMCID: PMC4773578 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The academic researches and clinical applications in recent years found interest in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-) based regenerative medicine due to their pluripotency able to differentiate into any cell types in the body without using embryo. However, it is limited in generating iPSCs from adult somatic cells and use of these cells due to the low stem cell potency and donor site morbidity. In biomedical applications, particularly, dental tissue-derived iPSCs have been getting attention as a type of alternative sources for regenerating damaged tissues due to high potential of stem cell characteristics, easy accessibility and attainment, and their ectomesenchymal origin, which allow them to have potential for nerve, vessel, and dental tissue regeneration. This paper will cover the overview of dental tissue-derived iPSCs and their application with their advantages and drawbacks.
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138
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Focosi D, Pistello M. Effect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology in Blood Banking. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:269-74. [PMID: 26819256 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging has imposed cost-effective alternatives to blood donations. Artificial blood is still at the preliminary stages of development, and the need for viable cells seems unsurmountable. Because large numbers of viable cells must be promptly available for clinical use, stem cell technologies, expansion, and banking represent ideal tools to ensure a regular supply. Provided key donors can be identified, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology could pave the way to a new era in transfusion medicine, just as it is already doing in many other fields of medicine. The present review summarizes the current state of research on iPSC technology in the field of blood banking, highlighting hurdles, and promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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139
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Tanizaki Y, Ichisugi M, Obuchi-Shimoji M, Ishida-Iwata T, Tahara-Mogi A, Meguro-Ishikawa M, Kato T. Thrombopoietin induces production of nucleated thrombocytes from liver cells in Xenopus laevis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18519. [PMID: 26687619 PMCID: PMC4685256 DOI: 10.1038/srep18519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mammalian megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, which are thought to be absent in non-mammals, is primarily regulated by the thrombopoietin (TPO)/Mpl system. Although non-mammals possess nucleated thrombocytes instead of platelets, the features of nucleated thrombocyte progenitors remain to be clarified. Here, we provide the general features of TPO using Xenopus laevis TPO (xlTPO). Hepatic and splenic cells were cultured in liquid suspension with recombinant xlTPO. These cells differentiated into large, round, polyploid CD41-expressing cells and were classified as X. laevis MKs, comparable to mammalian MKs. The subsequent culture of MKs after removal of xlTPO produced mature, spindle-shaped thrombocytes that were activated by thrombin, thereby altering their morphology. XlTPO induced MKs in cultured hepatic cells for at least three weeks; however, this was not observed in splenic cells; this result demonstrates the origin of early haematopoietic progenitors in the liver rather than the spleen. Additionally, xlTPO enhanced viability of peripheral thrombocytes, indicating the xlTPO-Mpl pathway stimulates anti-apoptotic in peripheral thrombocytes. The development of thrombocytes from MKs via the TPO-Mpl system in X. laevis plays a crucial role in their development from MKs, comparable to mammalian thrombopoiesis. Thus, our results offer insight into the cellular evolution of platelets/MKs in vertebrates. (200/200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tanizaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Megumi Ichisugi
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Miyako Obuchi-Shimoji
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takako Ishida-Iwata
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tahara-Mogi
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Mizue Meguro-Ishikawa
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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140
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The immunogenicity of platelet-derived FVIII in hemophilia A mice with or without preexisting anti-FVIII immunity. Blood 2015; 127:1346-54. [PMID: 26668132 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-662916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that factor VIII (FVIII) ectopically expressed in platelets (2bF8) is therapeutic in FVIII(null) mice even with anti-FVIII inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors). If current efforts to generate platelets in vitro succeed, genetically manipulated platelets containing FVIII may be used therapeutically in hemophilia A patients with inhibitors. One important concern is the immunogenicity of platelet-derived FVIII. To address this concern, we infused 2bF8 transgenic (2bF8(Tg)) platelets into naïve FVIII(null) mice weekly for 8 weeks. No anti-FVIII antibodies were detected in the infused animals during the study course. We then explored whether platelet-derived FVIII is immunogenic in FVIII(null) mice with inhibitors. The 2bF8(Tg) platelets were transfused into rhF8-primed FVIII(null) mice, resulting in no augmentation of anti-FVIII antibodies. To investigate whether preconditioning affects the immune response, animals were sublethally irradiated and subsequently transfused with 2bF8(Tg) platelets. No anti-FVIII antibodies were detected in the recipients after platelet infusions. Following further challenge with rhF8, the inhibitor titer in this group was significantly lower than in naïve FVIII(null) mice utilizing the same immunization protocol. Thus, our data demonstrate that infusion of platelets containing FVIII triggers neither primary nor memory anti-FVIII immune response in FVIII(null) mice and that sublethal irradiation plus 2bF8(Tg) platelet infusion suppresses anti-FVIII immune response in FVIII(null) mice.
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141
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An assessment of the effects of ectopic gp91phox expression in XCGD iPSC-derived neutrophils. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15046. [PMID: 26682238 PMCID: PMC4674005 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the treatment of monogenetic hematological disorders, restoration of transgene expression in affected cell populations is generally considered to have beneficial effects. However, X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (XCGD) is unique since the appearance of functional neutrophils in the peripheral blood following hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy is transient only. One contributing factor could be the occurrence of detrimental effects secondary to ectopic gp91phox expression in neutrophils, which has not been formally demonstrated previously. This study uses iPSCs to model XCGD, which allows the process of differentiation to be studied intensely in vitro. Alpharetroviral vectors carrying a ubiquitous promoter were used to drive the “ectopic” expression of codon optimized gp91phox cDNA. In the mature fraction of neutrophils differentiated from transduced XCGD-iPSCs, cellular recovery in terms of gp91phox expression and reactive oxygen species production was abruptly lost before cells had fully differentiated. Most critically, ectopic gp91phox expression could be identified clearly in the developing fraction of the transduced groups, which appeared to correspond with reduced cell viability. It is possible that this impedes further differentiation of developing neutrophils. Therefore, affording cellular protection from the detrimental effects of ectopic gp91phox expression may improve XCGD clinical outcomes.
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142
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Shaw D, Dondorp W, Geijsen N, de Wert G. Creating human organs in chimaera pigs: an ethical source of immunocompatible organs? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2015; 41:970-4. [PMID: 25378549 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2014-102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
New techniques in regenerative medicine may soon enable the creation of human organs inside animals using induced pluripotent stem cells. This technology has the potential to solve the organ scarcity problem by providing a limitless source of personalised organs for transplantation, but also raises several ethical issues, particularly concerning animal welfare, the 'human features' problem and human dignity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaw
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research School GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel
| | - Wybo Dondorp
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research School GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido de Wert
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research School GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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143
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Avanzi MP, Oluwadara OE, Cushing MM, Mitchell ML, Fischer S, Mitchell WB. A novel bioreactor and culture method drives high yields of platelets from stem cells. Transfusion 2015; 56:170-8. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - W. Beau Mitchell
- New York Blood Center; New York New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
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144
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Iizuka H, Kagoya Y, Kataoka K, Yoshimi A, Miyauchi M, Taoka K, Kumano K, Yamamoto T, Hotta A, Arai S, Kurokawa M. Targeted gene correction of RUNX1 in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from familial platelet disorder with propensity to myeloid malignancy restores normal megakaryopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:849-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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145
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Kimbrel EA, Lanza R. Current status of pluripotent stem cells: moving the first therapies to the clinic. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:681-92. [PMID: 26391880 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for drug discovery and regenerative medicine owing to their ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. After more than three decades of research, including delays due to the potential tumorigenicity of PSCs and inefficiencies in differentiation methods, the field is at a turning point, with a number of clinical trials across the globe now testing PSC-derived products in humans. Ocular diseases dominate these first-in-man trials, and Phase l/ll results are showing promising safety data as well as possible efficacy. In addition, the advent of induced PSC (iPSC) technology is enabling the development of a wide range of cell-based disease models from genetically predisposed patients, thereby facilitating drug discovery. In this Review, we discuss the recent progress and remaining challenges for the use of PSCs in regenerative medicine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Kimbrel
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
| | - Robert Lanza
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
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146
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Balduini A, Di Buduo CA, Kaplan DL. Translational approaches to functional platelet production ex vivo. Thromb Haemost 2015; 115:250-6. [PMID: 26353819 DOI: 10.1160/th15-07-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, which are released by megakaryocytes, play key roles in haemostasis, angiogenesis, immunity, tissue regeneration and wound healing. The scarcity of clinical cures for life threatening platelet diseases is in a large part due to limited insight into the mechanisms that control the developmental process of megakaryocytes and the mechanisms that govern the production of platelets within the bone marrow. To overcome these limitations, functional human tissue models have been developed and studied to extrapolate ex vivo outcomes for new insight on bone marrow functions in vivo. There are many challenges that these models must overcome, from faithfully mimicking the physiological composition and functions of bone marrow, to the collection of the platelets generated and validation of their viability and function for human use. The overall goal is to identify innovative instruments to study mechanisms of platelet release, diseases related to platelet production and new therapeutic targets starting from human progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Balduini
- Alessandra Balduini, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA, Tel.: +1 617 627 2580, Fax: +1 617 627 3231, E-mail:
| | | | - David L Kaplan
- David L. Kaplan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA, Tel.: +1 617 627 2580, Fax: +1 617 627 3231, E-mail:
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147
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Pietrzyk-Nivau A, Poirault-Chassac S, Gandrille S, Derkaoui SM, Kauskot A, Letourneur D, Le Visage C, Baruch D. Three-Dimensional Environment Sustains Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation into Platelet-Producing Megakaryocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136652. [PMID: 26313154 PMCID: PMC4552162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into megakaryocytes (MK), whose function is to release platelets. Attempts to improve in vitro platelet production have been hampered by the low amplification of MK. Providing HSC with an optimal three-dimensional (3D) architecture may favor MK differentiation by mimicking some crucial functions of the bone marrow structure. To this aim, porous hydrogel scaffolds were used to study MK differentiation from HSC as well as platelet production. Flow cytometry, qPCR and perfusion studies showed that 3D was suitable for longer kinetics of CD34+ cell proliferation and for delayed megakaryocytic differentiation far beyond the limited shelf-life observed in liquid culture but also increased production of functional platelets. We provide evidence that these 3D effects were related to 1) persistence of MK progenitors and precursors and 2) prolongation of expression of EKLF and c-myb transcription factors involved in early MK differentiation. In addition, presence of abundant mature MK with increased ploidy and impressive cytoskeleton elongations was in line with expression of NF-E2 transcription factor involved in late MK differentiation. Platelets produced in flow conditions were functional as shown by integrin αIIbβ3 activation following addition of exogenous agonists. This study demonstrates that spatial organization and biological cues synergize to improve MK differentiation and platelet production. Thus, 3D environment constitutes a powerful tool for unraveling the physiological mechanisms of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in the bone marrow environment, potentially leading to an improved amplification of MK and platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Gandrille
- INSERM, UMR-S 1140, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Department of Hematology, Paris, France
| | - Sidi-Mohammed Derkaoui
- INSERM, UMR-S 1148, University Paris Diderot, Paris; University Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Alexandre Kauskot
- INSERM, UMR-S 1140, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM, UMR-S 1148, University Paris Diderot, Paris; University Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, UMR-S 1148, University Paris Diderot, Paris; University Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Dominique Baruch
- INSERM, UMR-S 1140, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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148
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Wang et al report that ex vivo–derived human megakaryocytes infused into mice are trapped in the pulmonary vasculature and release functional platelets into the circulation. Because of the difficulty in scalable generation of ex vivo–derived functional platelets, this strategy may be a substitute for platelet transfusion therapy.
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149
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Nishimura S, Nagasaki M, Kunishima S, Sawaguchi A, Sakata A, Sakaguchi H, Ohmori T, Manabe I, Italiano JE, Ryu T, Takayama N, Komuro I, Kadowaki T, Eto K, Nagai R. IL-1α induces thrombopoiesis through megakaryocyte rupture in response to acute platelet needs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:453-66. [PMID: 25963822 PMCID: PMC4427781 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201410052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An alternative pathway triggering enhanced platelet release from bone marrow megakaryocytes via a rupture-based mechanism is regulated by IL-1α in response to acute platelet requirements. Intravital visualization of thrombopoiesis revealed that formation of proplatelets, which are cytoplasmic protrusions in bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs), is dominant in the steady state. However, it was unclear whether this is the only path to platelet biogenesis. We have identified an alternative MK rupture, which entails rapid cytoplasmic fragmentation and release of much larger numbers of platelets, primarily into blood vessels, which is morphologically and temporally different than typical FasL-induced apoptosis. Serum levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1α were acutely elevated after platelet loss or administration of an inflammatory stimulus to mice, whereas the MK-regulator thrombopoietin (TPO) was not elevated. Moreover, IL-1α administration rapidly induced MK rupture–dependent thrombopoiesis and increased platelet counts. IL-1α–IL-1R1 signaling activated caspase-3, which reduced plasma membrane stability and appeared to inhibit regulated tubulin expression and proplatelet formation, and ultimately led to MK rupture. Collectively, it appears the balance between TPO and IL-1α determines the MK cellular programming for thrombopoiesis in response to acute and chronic platelet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mika Nagasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Shinji Kunishima
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya 460-001, Japan
| | - Akira Sawaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakata
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Vascular Biology Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tomiko Ryu
- Internal medicine, Social Insurance Central General Hospital, Tokyo 105-8330, Japan
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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150
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