101
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Edelaar P. Sexual Selection May Not Often Reduce Gene Flow Between Locally Adapted Populations. A Review of Some Evidence, and Suggestions for Better Tests. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.804910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually selected traits often depend on an individual’s physical condition, or otherwise indirectly reflect the ecological performance of individuals. When individuals disperse between populations that are locally adapted to different environments, their ecological performance may decline. This in turn may result in more poorly expressed sexual traits, and therefore in a lower reproductive success. Hence, sexual selection may reduce the effective gene flow between populations, and thereby maintain or even enhance population divergence. This hypothesis was published in a highly visible journal (van Doorn et al., 2009, Science). Here I review the subsequently published empirical tests of this hypothesis. I downloaded all metadata (incl. abstracts) of papers citing van Doorn et al. (2009) and read those papers that undertook relevant tests. To my surprise, only very few papers provided explicit tests of the hypothesis, this never involved plants, and only one study found support for it. While sexual selection may therefore not often reduce gene flow between locally adapted populations, some improvements to experimental design and choice of study system are noted. I therefore also provide a detailed list of suggestions for high quality tests of this hypothesis. This hopefully acts as a catalyst for more and better studies to test whether sexual and natural selection can work in synergy to reduce effective dispersal, and thereby protect and promote adaptive population divergence.
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102
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Fields PD, McTaggart S, Reisser CMO, Haag C, Palmer WH, Little TJ, Ebert D, Obbard DJ. Population-genomic analysis identifies a low rate of global adaptive fixation in the proteins of the cyclical parthenogen Daphnia magna. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6542319. [PMID: 35244177 PMCID: PMC8963301 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Daphnia are well-established ecological and evolutionary models, and the interaction between D. magna and its microparasites is widely considered a paragon of the host-parasite coevolutionary process. Like other well-studied arthropods such as Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae, D. magna is a small, widespread, and abundant species that is therefore expected to display a large long-term population size and high rates of adaptive protein evolution. However, unlike these other species, D. magna is cyclically asexual and lives in a highly structured environment (ponds and lakes) with moderate levels of dispersal, both of which are predicted to impact upon long-term effective population size and adaptive protein evolution. To investigate patterns of adaptive protein fixation, we produced the complete coding genomes of 36 D. magna clones sampled from across the European range (Western Palaearctic), along with draft sequences for the close relatives D. similis and D. lumholtzi, used as outgroups. We analyzed genome-wide patterns of adaptive fixation, with a particular focus on genes that have an a priori expectation of high rates, such as those likely to mediate immune responses, RNA interference against viruses and transposable elements, and those with a strongly male-biased expression pattern. We find that, as expected, D. magna displays high levels of diversity and that this is highly structured among populations. However, compared with Drosophila, we find that D. magna proteins appear to have a high proportion of weakly deleterious variants and do not show evidence of pervasive adaptive fixation across its entire range. This is true of the genome as a whole, and also of putative ‘arms race’ genes that often show elevated levels of adaptive substitution in other species. In addition to the likely impact of extensive, and previously documented, local adaptation, we speculate that these findings may reflect reduced efficacy of selection associated with cyclical asexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Fields
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, CH-4051, Switzerland
| | - Seanna McTaggart
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Céline M O Reisser
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE UMR 5175, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, campus CNRS, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Christoph Haag
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE UMR 5175, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, campus CNRS, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - William H Palmer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J Little
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Ebert
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, CH-4051, Switzerland
| | - Darren J Obbard
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
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103
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Goldsmith NE, Flint SA, Shaw RG. Factors limiting the availability of native seed for reconstructing Minnesota's prairies: stakeholder perspectives. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Goldsmith
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota—Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Shelby A. Flint
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota—Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
- Present address: Science Department Southwest Minnesota State University, Science and Math 178 1501 State Street Marshall MN 56258 U.S.A
| | - Ruth G. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota—Twin Cities 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
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104
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Orr JA, Luijckx P, Arnoldi JF, Jackson AL, Piggott JJ. Rapid evolution generates synergism between multiple stressors: Linking theory and an evolution experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1740-1752. [PMID: 33829610 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change encompasses many co-occurring anthropogenic stressors. Understanding the interactions between these multiple stressors, whether they be additive, antagonistic or synergistic, is critical for ecosystem managers when prioritizing which stressors to mitigate in the face of global change. While such interactions between stressors appear prevalent, it remains unclear if and how these interactions change over time, as the majority of multiple-stressor studies rarely span multiple generations of study organisms. Although meta-analyses have reported some intriguing temporal trends in stressor interactions, for example that synergism may take time to emerge, the mechanistic basis for such observations is unknown. In this study, by analysing data from an evolution experiment with the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus (~35 generations and 31,320 observations), we show that adaptation to multiple stressors shifts stressor interactions towards synergism. We show that trade-offs, where populations cannot optimally perform multiple tasks (i.e. adapting to multiple stressors), generate this bias towards synergism. We also show that removal of stressors from evolved populations does not necessarily increase fitness and that there is variation in the evolutionary trajectories of populations that experienced the same stressor regimes. Our results highlight outstanding questions at the interface between evolution and global change biology, and illustrate the importance of considering rapid adaptation when managing or restoring ecosystems subjected to multiple stressors under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Orr
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pepijn Luijckx
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-François Arnoldi
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Experimental and Theoretical Ecology Station, Moulis, France
| | - Andrew L Jackson
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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105
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Prada C, López-Londoño T, Pollock FJ, Roitman S, Ritchie KB, Levitan DR, Knowlton N, Woodley C, Iglesias-Prieto R, Medina M. Linking photoacclimation responses and microbiome shifts between depth-segregated sibling species of reef corals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211591. [PMID: 35316949 PMCID: PMC8889182 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metazoans host complex communities of microorganisms that include dinoflagellates, fungi, bacteria, archaea and viruses. Interactions among members of these complex assemblages allow hosts to adjust their physiology and metabolism to cope with environmental variation and occupy different habitats. Here, using reciprocal transplantation across depths, we studied adaptive divergence in the corals Orbicella annularis and O. franksi, two young species with contrasting vertical distribution in the Caribbean. When transplanted from deep to shallow, O. franksi experienced fast photoacclimation and low mortality, and maintained a consistent bacterial community. By contrast, O. annularis experienced high mortality and limited photoacclimation when transplanted from shallow to deep. The photophysiological collapse of O. annularis in the deep environment was associated with an increased microbiome variability and reduction of some bacterial taxa. Differences in the symbiotic algal community were more pronounced between coral species than between depths. Our study suggests that these sibling species are adapted to distinctive light environments partially driven by the algae photoacclimation capacity and the microbiome robustness, highlighting the importance of niche specialization in symbiotic corals for the maintenance of species diversity. Our findings have implications for the management of these threatened Caribbean corals and the effectiveness of coral reef restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Prada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Tomás López-Londoño
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - F Joseph Pollock
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawai'i and Palmyra Programs, 923 Nu'uanu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Sofia Roitman
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kim B Ritchie
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 801 Carteret Street, Beaufort, SC 29906, USA
| | - Don R Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Nancy Knowlton
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Cheryl Woodley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | | | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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106
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Skoracka A, Laska A, Radwan J, Konczal M, Lewandowski M, Puchalska E, Karpicka‐Ignatowska K, Przychodzka A, Raubic J, Kuczyński L. Effective specialist or jack of all trades? Experimental evolution of a crop pest in fluctuating and stable environments. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1639-1652. [PMID: 36330306 PMCID: PMC9624081 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pest evolution in agricultural systems is crucial for developing effective and innovative pest control strategies. Types of cultivation, such as crop monocultures versus polycultures or crop rotation, may act as a selective pressure on pests’ capability to exploit the host’s resources. In this study, we examined the herbivorous mite Aceria tosichella (commonly known as wheat curl mite), a widespread wheat pest, to understand how fluctuating versus stable environments influence its niche breadth and ability to utilize different host plant species. We subjected a wheat‐bred mite population to replicated experimental evolution in a single‐host environment (either wheat or barley), or in an alternation between these two plant species every three mite generations. Next, we tested the fitness of these evolving populations on wheat, barley, and on two other plant species not encountered during experimental evolution, namely rye and smooth brome. Our results revealed that the niche breadth of A. tosichella evolved in response to the level of environmental variability. The fluctuating environment expanded the niche breadth by increasing the mite’s ability to utilize different plant species, including novel ones. Such an environment may thus promote flexible host‐use generalist phenotypes. However, the niche expansion resulted in some costs expressed as reduced performances on both wheat and barley as compared to specialists. Stable host environments led to specialized phenotypes. The population that evolved in a constant environment consisting of barley increased its fitness on barley without the cost of utilizing wheat. However, the population evolving on wheat did not significantly increase its fitness on wheat, but decreased its performance on barley. Altogether, our results indicated that, depending on the degree of environmental heterogeneity, agricultural systems create different conditions that influence pests’ niche breadth evolution, which may in turn affect the ability of pests to persist in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Mateusz Konczal
- Evolutionary Biology Group Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology Department of Plant Protection Institute of Horticultural Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa Puchalska
- Section of Applied Entomology Department of Plant Protection Institute of Horticultural Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - Kamila Karpicka‐Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Anna Przychodzka
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Jarosław Raubic
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
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107
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Abstract
Biodiversity in general, and agrobiodiversity in particular are crucial for adaptation to climate change, for resilience and for human health as related to dietary diversity. Participatory plant breeding (PPB) has been promoted for its advantages to increase selection efficiency, variety adoption and farmers’ empowerment, and for being more socially equitable and gender responsive than conventional plant breeding. In this review paper we concentrate on one specific benefit of PPB, namely, increasing agrobiodiversity by describing how the combination of decentralized selection with the collaboration of farmers is able to address the diversity of agronomic environments, which is likely to increase because of the location specificity of climate change. Therefore, while PPB has been particularly suited to organic agriculture, in light of the increasing importance of climate change, it should also be considered as a breeding opportunity for conventional agriculture.
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108
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Toll K, Lowry DB. Frequency-dependent hybridization contributes to habitat segregation in monkeyflowers. Am Nat 2022; 199:743-757. [DOI: 10.1086/719381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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109
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Van Rossum F, Hardy OJ. Guidelines for genetic monitoring of translocated plant populations. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13670. [PMID: 33236806 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant translocation is a useful tool for implementing assisted gene flow in recovery plans of critically endangered plant species. Although it helps to restore genetically viable populations, it is not devoid of genetic risks, such as poor adaptation of transplants and outbreeding depression in the hybrid progeny, which may have negative consequences in terms of demographic growth and plant fitness. Hence, a follow-up genetic monitoring should evaluate whether the translocated populations are genetically viable and self-sustaining in the short and long term. The causes of failure to adjust management responses also need to be identified. Molecular markers and fitness-related quantitative traits can be used to determine whether a plant translocation enhanced genetic diversity, increased fitness, and improved the probability of long-term survival. We devised guidelines and illustrated them with studies from the literature to help practitioners determine the appropriate genetic survey methods so that management practices can better integrate evolutionary processes. These guidelines include methods for sampling and for assessing changes in genetic diversity and differentiation, contemporary gene flow, mode of local recruitment, admixture level, the effects of genetic rescue, inbreeding or outbreeding depression and local adaptation on plant fitness, and long-term genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Van Rossum
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, Meise, 1860, Belgium
- Service général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, rue A. Lavallée 1, Brussels, 1080, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/12, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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110
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White NJ, Beckerman AP, Snook RR, Brockhurst MA, Butlin RK, Eyres I. Experimental evolution of local adaptation under unidimensional and multidimensional selection. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1310-1318.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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111
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Boughman JW, Servedio MR. The ecological stage maintains preference differentiation and promotes speciation. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:926-938. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janette W. Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology; Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Maria R. Servedio
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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112
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The genetic architecture underlying prey-dependent performance in a microbial predator. Nat Commun 2022; 13:319. [PMID: 35031602 PMCID: PMC8760311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural selection should favour generalist predators that outperform specialists across all prey types. Two genetic solutions could explain why intraspecific variation in predatory performance is, nonetheless, widespread: mutations beneficial on one prey type are costly on another (antagonistic pleiotropy), or mutational effects are prey-specific, which weakens selection, allowing variation to persist (relaxed selection). To understand the relative importance of these alternatives, we characterised natural variation in predatory performance in the microbial predator Dictyostelium discoideum. We found widespread nontransitive differences among strains in predatory success across different bacterial prey, which can facilitate stain coexistence in multi-prey environments. To understand the genetic basis, we developed methods for high throughput experimental evolution on different prey (REMI-seq). Most mutations (~77%) had prey-specific effects, with very few (~4%) showing antagonistic pleiotropy. This highlights the potential for prey-specific effects to dilute selection, which would inhibit the purging of variation and prevent the emergence of an optimal generalist predator. What prevents a generalist predator from evolving and outperforming specialist predators? By combing analyses of natural variation with experimental evolution, Stewart et al. suggest that predator variation persists because most mutations have prey-specific effects, which results in relaxed selection
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113
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Hornick KM, Plough LV. Genome-wide analysis of natural and restored eastern oyster populations reveals local adaptation and positive impacts of planting frequency and broodstock number. Evol Appl 2022; 15:40-59. [PMID: 35126647 PMCID: PMC8792482 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of captive-bred plants and animals has increased worldwide to augment declining species. However, insufficient attention has been given to understanding how neutral and adaptive genetic variation are partitioned within and among proximal natural populations, and the patterns and drivers of gene flow over small spatial scales, which can be important for restoration success. A seascape genomics approach was used to investigate population structure, local adaptation, and the extent to which environmental gradients influence genetic variation among natural and restored populations of Chesapeake Bay eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica. We also investigated the impact of hatchery practices on neutral genetic diversity of restored reefs and quantified the broader genetic impacts of large-scale hatchery-based bivalve restoration. Restored reefs showed similar levels of diversity as natural reefs, and striking relationships were found between planting frequency and broodstock numbers and genetic diversity metrics (effective population size and relatedness), suggesting that hatchery practices can have a major impact on diversity. Despite long-term restoration activities, haphazard historical translocations, and high dispersal potential of larvae that could homogenize allele frequencies among populations, moderate neutral population genetic structure was uncovered. Moreover, environmental factors, namely salinity, pH, and temperature, play a major role in the distribution of neutral and adaptive genetic variation. For marine invertebrates in heterogeneous seascapes, collecting broodstock from large populations experiencing similar environments to candidate sites may provide the most appropriate sources for restoration and ensure population resilience in the face of rapid environmental change. This is one of a few studies to demonstrate empirically that hatchery practices have a major impact on the retention of genetic diversity. Overall, these results contribute to the growing body of evidence for fine-scale genetic structure and local adaptation in broadcast-spawning marine species and provide novel information for the management of an important fisheries resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Hornick
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceHorn Point LaboratoryCambridgeMarylandUSA
| | - Louis V. Plough
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceHorn Point LaboratoryCambridgeMarylandUSA
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114
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Onley IR, Moseby KE, Austin JJ, Sherratt E. Morphological variation in skull shape and size across extinct and extant populations of the greater stick-nest rat (Leporillus conditor): implications for translocation. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/am21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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115
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Gay L, Dhinaut J, Jullien M, Vitalis R, Navascués M, Ranwez V, Ronfort J. Evolution of flowering time in a selfing annual plant: Roles of adaptation and genetic drift. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8555. [PMID: 35127051 PMCID: PMC8794724 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Resurrection studies are a useful tool to measure how phenotypic traits have changed in populations through time. If these trait modifications correlate with the environmental changes that occurred during the time period, it suggests that the phenotypic changes could be a response to selection. Selfing, through its reduction of effective size, could challenge the ability of a population to adapt to environmental changes. Here, we used a resurrection study to test for adaptation in a selfing population of Medicago truncatula, by comparing the genetic composition and flowering times across 22 generations. We found evidence for evolution toward earlier flowering times by about two days and a peculiar genetic structure, typical of highly selfing populations, where some multilocus genotypes (MLGs) are persistent through time. We used the change in frequency of the MLGs through time as a multilocus fitness measure and built a selection gradient that suggests evolution toward earlier flowering times. Yet, a simulation model revealed that the observed change in flowering time could be explained by drift alone, provided the effective size of the population is small enough (<150). These analyses suffer from the difficulty to estimate the effective size in a highly selfing population, where effective recombination is severely reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène Gay
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Julien Dhinaut
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Present address:
Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeUPMCUniversity of Paris VI, UC, UACH, UMI 3614CNRSSorbonne UniversitésRoscoffFrance
| | - Margaux Jullien
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Present address:
INRAUniv. Paris‐SudCNRSAgroParisTechGQE – Le MoulonUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Renaud Vitalis
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroIRDCBGPUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Vincent Ranwez
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Joëlle Ronfort
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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116
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Aguirre-Ramirez E, Velasco-Cuervo S, Toro-Perea N. Genomic Traces of the Fruit Fly Anastrepha obliqua Associated with Its Polyphagous Nature. INSECTS 2021; 12:1116. [PMID: 34940204 PMCID: PMC8704581 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest in the neotropical region. It is considered a polyphagous insect, meaning it infests plants of different taxonomic families and readily colonizes new host plants. The change to new hosts can lead to diversification and the formation of host races. Previous studies investigating the effect of host plants on population structure and selection in Anastrepha obliqua have focused on the use of data from the mitochondrial DNA sequence and microsatellite markers of nuclear DNA, and there are no analyses at the genomic level. To better understand this issue, we used a pooled restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (pooled RAD-seq) approach to assess genomic differentiation and population structure across sympatric populations of Anastrepha obliqua that infest three host plants-Spondias purpurea (red mombin), Mangifera indica (mango) of the family Anacardiaceae and Averrhoa carambola (carambola) of the family Oxalidaceae-in sympatric populations of the species Anastrepha obliqua of Inter-Andean Valley of the Cauca River in southwestern Colombia. Our results show genomic differentiation of populations from carambola compared to mango and red mombin populations, but the genetic structure was mainly established by geography rather than by the host plant. On the other hand, we identified 54 SNPs in 23 sequences significantly associated with the use of the host plant. Of these 23 sequences, we identified 17 candidate genes and nine protein families, of which four protein families are involved in the nutrition of these flies. Future studies should investigate the adaptive processes undergone by phytophagous insects in the Neotropics, using fruit flies as a model and state-of-the-art molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkin Aguirre-Ramirez
- Grupo de Estudios Ecogenéticos y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia; (S.V.-C.); (N.T.-P.)
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Gibert A, Marin S, Mouginot P, Archambeau J, Illes M, Ollivier G, Gandara A, Pujol B. Non-reproducible signals of adaptation to elevation between open and understorey microhabitats in snapdragon plants. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:322-332. [PMID: 34897875 PMCID: PMC9299861 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies on local adaptation rarely investigate how different environmental variables might modify signals of adaptation or maladaptation. In plant common garden experiments, signals of adaptation or maladaptation to elevation are usually investigated in open habitats under full light. However, most plants inhabit heterogeneous habitats where environmental conditions differ. Understorey microhabitats are common and differ in terms of tree shade, temperature, water availability, microbiota, allelochemicals etc. Germination is a fitness-related trait of major importance for the adaptation of plants to contrasted climate conditions. It is affected by shade in snapdragon plants (Antirrhinum majus) and many other plant species. Here, we tested for the reproducibility of signals extrapolated from germination results between open and understorey microhabitats in two parapatric snapdragon plant subspecies (A. m. striatum and A. m. pseudomajus) characterized by a similar elevation range by using common garden experiments at different elevations. Signals observed under one microhabitat systematically differed in the other. Most scenarios could be inferred, with signals either shifting, appearing or disappearing between different environments. Our findings imply that caution should be taken when extrapolating the evolutionary significance of these types of experimental signals because they are not stable from one local environmental condition to the next. Forecasting the ability of plants to adapt to environmental changes based on common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments must account for the multivariate nature of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Gibert
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Sara Marin
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France.,Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierick Mouginot
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Morgane Illes
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gabriel Ollivier
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Gandara
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Pujol
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
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118
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Jinga P, Liao Z, Nobis MP. Species distribution modeling that overlooks intraspecific variation is inadequate for proper conservation of marula (Sclerocarya birrea, Anacardiaceae). Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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119
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Faske TM, Agneray AC, Jahner JP, Sheta LM, Leger EA, Parchman TL. Genomic and common garden approaches yield complementary results for quantifying environmental drivers of local adaptation in rubber rabbitbrush, a foundational Great Basin shrub. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2881-2900. [PMID: 34950235 PMCID: PMC8674890 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial structure of genomic and phenotypic variation across populations reflects historical and demographic processes as well as evolution via natural selection. Characterizing such variation can provide an important perspective for understanding the evolutionary consequences of changing climate and for guiding ecological restoration. While evidence for local adaptation has been traditionally evaluated using phenotypic data, modern methods for generating and analyzing landscape genomic data can directly quantify local adaptation by associating allelic variation with environmental variation. Here, we analyze both genomic and phenotypic variation of rubber rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa), a foundational shrub species of western North America. To quantify landscape genomic structure and provide perspective on patterns of local adaptation, we generated reduced representation sequencing data for 17 wild populations (222 individuals; 38,615 loci) spanning a range of environmental conditions. Population genetic analyses illustrated pronounced landscape genomic structure jointly shaped by geography and environment. Genetic-environment association (GEA) analyses using both redundancy analysis (RDA) and a machine-learning approach (Gradient Forest) indicated environmental variables (precipitation seasonality, slope, aspect, elevation, and annual precipitation) influenced spatial genomic structure and were correlated with allele frequency shifts indicative of local adaptation at a consistent set of genomic regions. We compared our GEA-based inference of local adaptation with phenotypic data collected by growing seeds from each population in a greenhouse common garden. Population differentiation in seed weight, emergence, and seedling traits was associated with environmental variables (e.g., precipitation seasonality) that were also implicated in GEA analyses, suggesting complementary conclusions about the drivers of local adaptation across different methods and data sources. Our results provide a baseline understanding of spatial genomic structure for E. nauseosa across the western Great Basin and illustrate the utility of GEA analyses for detecting the environmental causes and genetic signatures of local adaptation in a widely distributed plant species of restoration significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M. Faske
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Alison C. Agneray
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | | | - Lana M. Sheta
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
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120
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Lafuente E, Lürig MD, Rövekamp M, Matthews B, Buser C, Vorburger C, Räsänen K. Building on 150 Years of Knowledge: The Freshwater Isopod Asellus aquaticus as an Integrative Eco-Evolutionary Model System. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.748212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between organisms and their environments are central to how biological diversity arises and how natural populations and ecosystems respond to environmental change. These interactions involve processes by which phenotypes are affected by or respond to external conditions (e.g., via phenotypic plasticity or natural selection) as well as processes by which organisms reciprocally interact with the environment (e.g., via eco-evolutionary feedbacks). Organism-environment interactions can be highly dynamic and operate on different hierarchical levels, from genes and phenotypes to populations, communities, and ecosystems. Therefore, the study of organism-environment interactions requires integrative approaches and model systems that are suitable for studies across different hierarchical levels. Here, we introduce the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus, a keystone species and an emerging invertebrate model system, as a prime candidate to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution, and the interfaces therein. We review relevant fields of research that have used A. aquaticus and draft a set of specific scientific questions that can be answered using this species. Specifically, we propose that studies on A. aquaticus can help understanding (i) the influence of host-microbiome interactions on organismal and ecosystem function, (ii) the relevance of biotic interactions in ecosystem processes, and (iii) how ecological conditions and evolutionary forces facilitate phenotypic diversification.
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121
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Rushing NS, Flint SA, Shaw RG. Latitude of seed source impacts flowering phenology and fitness in translocated plant populations. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Rushing
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Shelby A. Flint
- Department of Biology Southwest Minnesota State University Marshall MN 56258 U.S.A
| | - Ruth G. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
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122
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Matthews MK, Malcolm J, Chaston JM. Microbiota Influences Fitness and Timing of Reproduction in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0003421. [PMID: 34585986 PMCID: PMC8557915 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00034-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Associated microorganisms ("microbiota") play a central role in determining many animals' survival and reproduction characteristics. The impact of these microbial influences on an animal's fitness, or population growth, in a given environment has not been defined as clearly. We focused on microbiota-dependent host fitness by measuring life span and fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies reared individually with 14 different bacterial species. Consistent with previous observations, the different bacteria significantly influenced the timing of fly life span and fecundity. Using Leslie matrices, we show that fly fitness was lowest when the microbes caused the flies to invest in life span over fecundity. Computational permutations showed that the positive fitness effect of investing in reproduction was reversed if fly survival over time was low, indicating that the observed fitness influences of the microbes could be context dependent. Finally, we showed that fly fitness is not influenced by bacterial genes that shape fly life span or fly triglyceride content, a trait that is related to fly survival and reproduction. Also, metagenome-wide association did not identify any microbial genes that were associated with variation in fly fitness. Therefore, the bacterial genetic basis for influencing fly fitness remains unknown. We conclude that bacteria influence a fly's reproductive timing more than total reproductive output and that (e.g., environmental) conditions that influence fly survival likely determine which bacteria benefit fly fitness. IMPORTANCE The ability of associated microorganisms ("microbiota") to influence animal life history traits has been recognized and investigated, especially in the past 2 decades. For many microbial communities, there is not always a clear definition of whether the microbiota or its members are beneficial, pathogenic, or relatively neutral to their hosts' fitness. In this study, we report the influence of individual members of the microbiota on Drosophila melanogaster fitness using Leslie matrices that combine the microbial influences on fly survival and reproduction into a single fitness measure. Our results are consistent with a previous report that, in the laboratory, acetic acid bacteria are more beneficial to the flies than many strains of lactic acid bacteria. We add to the previous finding by showing that this benefit depends on fly survival rate. Together, our work helps to show how the microbiota of a fly influences its laboratory fitness and how these effects may translate to a wild setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda K. Matthews
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jaanna Malcolm
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - John M. Chaston
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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123
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Mammola S, Pétillon J, Hacala A, Monsimet J, Marti S, Cardoso P, Lafage D. Challenges and opportunities of species distribution modelling of terrestrial arthropod predators. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (RSA) National Research Council (CNR) Verbania Pallanza Italy
| | | | - Axel Hacala
- UMR ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Jérémy Monsimet
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad Koppang Norway
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Denis Lafage
- UMR ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
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124
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Ke F, Vasseur L, Yi H, Yang L, Wei X, Wang B, Kang M. Gene flow, linked selection, and divergent sorting of ancient polymorphism shape genomic divergence landscape in a group of edaphic specialists. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:104-118. [PMID: 34664755 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting the formation of genomic variation landscape, especially genomic regions with elevated differentiation (i.e. islands), is fundamental to a better understanding of the genomic consequences of adaptation and speciation. Edaphic islands provide excellent systems for understanding the interplay of gene flow and selection in driving population divergence and speciation. However, discerning the relative contribution of these factors that modify patterns of genomic variation remains difficult. We analysed 132 genomes from five recently divergent species in Primulina genus, with four species distributed in Karst limestone habitats and the fifth one growing in Danxia habitats. We demonstrated that both gene flow and linked selection have contributed to genome-wide variation landscape, where genomic regions with elevated differentiation (i.e., islands) were largely derived by divergent sorting of ancient polymorphism. Specifically, we identified several lineage-specific genomic islands that might have facilitated adaptation of P. suichuanensis to Danxia habitats. Our study is amongst the first cases disentangling evolutionary processes that shape genomic variation of plant specialists, and demonstrates the important role of ancient polymorphism in the formation of genomic islands that potentially mediate adaptation and speciation of endemic plants in special soil habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Ke
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huiqin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Baosheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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125
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Souther S, McGraw JB, Souther JD, Waller DM. Effects of altered climates on American ginseng population dynamics. POPUL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Souther
- Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - James B. McGraw
- Department of Biology West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - John D. Souther
- Coconino National Forest United States Forest Service Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Donald M. Waller
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin—Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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126
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Wright SJ, Goad DM, Gross BL, Muñoz PR, Olsen KM. Genetic trade-offs underlie divergent life history strategies for local adaptation in white clover. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:3742-3760. [PMID: 34532899 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation is common in plants, yet characterization of its underlying genetic basis is rare in herbaceous perennials. Moreover, while many plant species exhibit intraspecific chemical defence polymorphisms, their importance for local adaptation remains poorly understood. We examined the genetic architecture of local adaptation in a perennial, obligately-outcrossing herbaceous legume, white clover (Trifolium repens). This widespread species displays a well-studied chemical defence polymorphism for cyanogenesis (HCN release following tissue damage) and has evolved climate-associated cyanogenesis clines throughout its range. Two biparental F2 mapping populations, derived from three parents collected in environments spanning the U.S. latitudinal species range (Duluth, MN, St. Louis, MO and Gainesville, FL), were grown in triplicate for two years in reciprocal common garden experiments in the parental environments (6,012 total plants). Vegetative growth and reproductive fitness traits displayed trade-offs across reciprocal environments, indicating local adaptation. Genetic mapping of fitness traits revealed a genetic architecture characterized by allelic trade-offs between environments, with 100% and 80% of fitness QTL in the two mapping populations showing significant QTL×E interactions, consistent with antagonistic pleiotropy. Across the genome there were three hotspots of QTL colocalization. Unexpectedly, we found little evidence that the cyanogenesis polymorphism contributes to local adaptation. Instead, divergent life history strategies in reciprocal environments were major fitness determinants: selection favoured early investment in flowering at the cost of multiyear survival in the southernmost site versus delayed flowering and multiyear persistence in the northern environments. Our findings demonstrate that multilocus genetic trade-offs contribute to contrasting life history characteristics that allow for local adaptation in this outcrossing herbaceous perennial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Wright
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Goad
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Briana L Gross
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patricio R Muñoz
- Horticultural Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth M Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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127
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Zerebecki RA, Sotka EE, Hanley TC, Bell KL, Gehring C, Nice CC, Richards CL, Hughes AR. Repeated Genetic and Adaptive Phenotypic Divergence across Tidal Elevation in a Foundation Plant Species. Am Nat 2021; 198:E152-E169. [DOI: 10.1086/716512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A. Zerebecki
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528
| | - Erik E. Sotka
- Department of Biology and Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, South Carolina 29412
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908
| | - Katherine L. Bell
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Catherine Gehring
- Department of Biological Science and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
| | - Chris C. Nice
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666
| | - Christina L. Richards
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33617; and Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A. Randall Hughes
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908
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128
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Vanneste T, Van Den Berge S, Brunet J, Hedwall PO, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Temperature effects on forest understorey plants in hedgerows: a combined warming and transplant experiment. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:315-327. [PMID: 34057991 PMCID: PMC8389467 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hedgerows have been shown to improve forest connectivity, leading to an increased probability of species tracking the shifting bioclimatic envelopes. However, it is still unknown how species in hedgerows respond to temperature changes, and whether effects differ compared with those in nearby forests. We aimed to elucidate how ongoing changes in the climate system will affect the efficiency of hedgerows in supporting forest plant persistence and migration in agricultural landscapes. METHODS Here we report results from the first warming experiment in hedgerows. We combined reciprocal transplantation of plants along an 860-km latitudinal transect with experimental warming to assess the effects of temperature on vegetative growth and reproduction of two common forest herbs (Anemone nemorosa and Geum urbanum) in hedgerows versus forests. KEY RESULTS Both species grew taller and produced more biomass in forests than in hedgerows, most likely due to higher competition with ruderals and graminoids in hedgerows. Adult plant performance of both species generally benefitted from experimental warming, despite lower survival of A. nemorosa in heated plots. Transplantation affected the species differently: A. nemorosa plants grew taller, produced more biomass and showed higher survival when transplanted at their home site, indicating local adaptation, while individuals of G. urbanum showed greater height, biomass, reproductive output and survival when transplanted northwards, likely owing to the higher light availability associated with increasing photoperiod during the growing season. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that some forest herbs can show phenotypic plasticity to warming temperatures, potentially increasing their ability to benefit from hedgerows as ecological corridors. Our study thus provides novel insights into the impacts of climate change on understorey plant community dynamics in hedgerows, and how rising temperature can influence the efficiency of these corridors to assist forest species' persistence and colonization within and beyond their current distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Sanne Van Den Berge
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, 234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, 234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
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129
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Cohen HE, Kane EA. Biting kinematics do not differ between ecologically divergent populations of Trinidadian guppies. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. E. Cohen
- Department of Biology Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - E. A. Kane
- Department of Biology University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette LA USA
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130
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Freudiger A, Josi D, Thünken T, Herder F, Flury JM, Marques DA, Taborsky M, Frommen JG. Ecological variation drives morphological differentiation in a highly social vertebrate. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Freudiger
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
- Conservation Ecology Evolution and Behaviour Research Group Ecology and Environment Research Centre Department for Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Dario Josi
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
- Conservation Ecology Evolution and Behaviour Research Group Ecology and Environment Research Centre Department for Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Timo Thünken
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Fabian Herder
- Sektion Ichthyologie Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
| | - Jana M. Flury
- Sektion Ichthyologie Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
| | - David A. Marques
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Centre for Ecology and Evolution, and Biochemistry Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Michael Taborsky
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
| | - Joachim G. Frommen
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
- Conservation Ecology Evolution and Behaviour Research Group Ecology and Environment Research Centre Department for Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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131
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Villellas J, Ehrlén J, Crone EE, Csergő AM, Garcia MB, Laine AL, Roach DA, Salguero-Gómez R, Wardle GM, Childs DZ, Elderd BD, Finn A, Munné-Bosch S, Bachelot B, Bódis J, Bucharova A, Caruso CM, Catford JA, Coghill M, Compagnoni A, Duncan RP, Dwyer JM, Ferguson A, Fraser LH, Griffoul E, Groenteman R, Hamre LN, Helm A, Kelly R, Laanisto L, Lonati M, Münzbergová Z, Nuche P, Olsen SL, Oprea A, Pärtel M, Petry WK, Ramula S, Rasmussen PU, Enri SR, Roeder A, Roscher C, Schultz C, Skarpaas O, Smith AL, Tack AJM, Töpper JP, Vesk PA, Vose GE, Wandrag E, Wingler A, Buckley YM. PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY MASKS RANGE-WIDE GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION FOR VEGETATIVE BUT NOT REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN A SHORT-LIVED PLANT. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2378-2393. [PMID: 34355467 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity jointly shape intraspecific trait variation, but their roles differ among traits. In short-lived plants, reproductive traits may be more genetically determined due to their impact on fitness, whereas vegetative traits may show higher plasticity to buffer short-term perturbations. Combining a multi-treatment greenhouse experiment with observational field data throughout the range of a widespread short-lived herb, Plantago lanceolata, we (1) disentangled genetic and plastic responses of functional traits to a set of environmental drivers and (2) assessed how genetic differentiation and plasticity shape observational trait-environment relationships. Reproductive traits showed distinct genetic differentiation that largely determined observational patterns, but only when correcting traits for differences in biomass. Vegetative traits showed higher plasticity and opposite genetic and plastic responses, masking the genetic component underlying field-observed trait variation. Our study suggests that genetic differentiation may be inferred from observational data only for the traits most closely related to fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Villellas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth E Crone
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Mária Csergő
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Botany and Soroksár Botanical Garden, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria B Garcia
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Restoration, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deborah A Roach
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Roberto Salguero-Gómez
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bret D Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alain Finn
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedicte Bachelot
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Judit Bódis
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group, Institut of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Germany.,Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institut of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina M Caruso
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK.,Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Coghill
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aldo Compagnoni
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - John M Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,CSIRO Land & Water, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Lauchlan H Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Liv Norunn Hamre
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ruth Kelly
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michele Lonati
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paloma Nuche
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Adrian Oprea
- Botanic Garden "Anastasie Fatu", University "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" Iaşi, Romania
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - William K Petry
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Satu Ramula
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pil U Rasmussen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Ravetto Enri
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Anna Roeder
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cheryl Schultz
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Olav Skarpaas
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annabel L Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter A Vesk
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory E Vose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wandrag
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Astrid Wingler
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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132
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Flynn RW, Welch AM, Lance SL. Divergence in heritable life history traits suggests potential for local adaptation and trade-offs associated with a coal ash disposal site. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2039-2054. [PMID: 34429747 PMCID: PMC8372081 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human activities have resulted in rapid environmental changes that present unique challenges for wildlife. However, investigations of local adaptation in response to simultaneous exposure to multiple anthropogenic selection pressures are rare and often generate conflicting results. We used an in situ reciprocal transplant design within a quantitative genetic framework to examine how adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to the persistence of an amphibian population inhabiting an environment characterized by high levels of multiple toxic trace elements. We found evidence of phenotypic divergence that is largely consistent with local adaptation to an environment contaminated with multiple chemical stressors, tied to potential trade-offs in the absence of contaminants. Specifically, the population derived from the contaminated environment had a reduced risk of mortality and greater larval growth and in the contaminated environment, relative to offspring from the naïve population. Further, while survival in the uncontaminated environment was not compromised in offspring from the contaminant-exposed population, they did show delayed development and reduced growth rates over larval development, relative to the naïve population. We found no evidence of reduced additive genetic variation in the contaminant-exposed population, suggesting long-term selection in a novel environment has not reduced the evolutionary potential of that population. We also saw little evidence that past selection in the ASH environment had reduced trait plasticity in the resident population. Maternal effects were prominent in early development, but we did not detect any trends suggesting these effects were associated with the maternal transfer of toxic trace elements. Our results demonstrate the potential for adaptation to multiple contaminants in a wild amphibian population, which may have facilitated long-term persistence in a heavily impacted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Wesley Flynn
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSCUSA
| | | | - Stacey L. Lance
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSCUSA
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133
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Hays CG, Hanley TC, Hughes AR, Truskey SB, Zerebecki RA, Sotka EE. Local Adaptation in Marine Foundation Species at Microgeographic Scales. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 241:16-29. [PMID: 34436968 DOI: 10.1086/714821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNearshore foundation species in coastal and estuarine systems (e.g., salt marsh grasses, mangroves, seagrasses, corals) drive the ecological functions of ecosystems and entire biomes by creating physical structure that alters local abiotic conditions and influences species interactions and composition. The resilience of foundation species and the ecosystem functions they provide depends on their phenotypic and genetic responses to spatial and temporal shifts in environmental conditions. In this review, we explore what is known about the causes and consequences of adaptive genetic differentiation in marine foundation species over spatial scales shorter than dispersal capabilities (i.e., microgeographic scales). We describe the strength of coupling field and laboratory experiments with population genetic techniques to illuminate patterns of local adaptation, and we illustrate this approach by using several foundation species. Among the major themes that emerge from our review include (1) adaptive differentiation of marine foundation species repeatedly evolves along vertical (i.e., elevation or depth) gradients, and (2) mating system and phenology may facilitate this differentiation. Microgeographic adaptation is an understudied mechanism potentially underpinning the resilience of many sessile marine species, and this evolutionary mechanism likely has particularly important consequences for the ecosystem functions provided by foundation species.
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134
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Leal BSS, Chaves CJN, Graciano VA, Boury C, Huacre LAP, Heuertz M, Palma-Silva C. Evidence of local adaptation despite strong drift in a Neotropical patchily distributed bromeliad. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:203-218. [PMID: 33953353 PMCID: PMC8322333 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both genetic drift and divergent selection are predicted to be drivers of population differentiation across patchy habitats, but the extent to which these forces act on natural populations to shape traits is strongly affected by species' ecological features. In this study, we infer the genomic structure of Pitcairnia lanuginosa, a widespread herbaceous perennial plant with a patchy distribution. We sampled populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and the Central Andean Yungas and discovered and genotyped SNP markers using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. In addition, we analyzed ecophysiological traits obtained from a common garden experiment and compared patterns of phenotypic and genetic divergence (PST-FST comparisons) in a subset of populations from the Cerrado. Our results from molecular analyses pointed to extremely low genetic diversity and a remarkable population differentiation, supporting a major role of genetic drift. Approximately 0.3% of genotyped SNPs were flagged as differentiation outliers by at least two distinct methods, and Bayesian generalized linear mixed models revealed a signature of isolation by environment in addition to isolation by distance for high-differentiation outlier SNPs among the Cerrado populations. PST-FST comparisons suggested divergent selection on two ecophysiological traits linked to drought tolerance. We showed that these traits vary among populations, although without any particular macro-spatial pattern, suggesting local adaptation to differences in micro-habitats. Our study shows that selection might be a relevant force, particularly for traits involved in drought stress, even for populations experiencing strong drift, which improves our knowledge on eco-evolutionary processes acting on non-continuously distributed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Simões Santos Leal
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cleber Juliano Neves Chaves
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa Araujo Graciano
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Christophe Boury
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XINRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Biogeco, Cestas France
| | - Luis Alberto Pillaca Huacre
- grid.10800.390000 0001 2107 4576Departamento de Ecología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XINRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Biogeco, Cestas France
| | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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135
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White NJ, Butlin RK. Multidimensional divergent selection, local adaptation, and speciation. Evolution 2021; 75:2167-2178. [PMID: 34263939 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Divergent selection applied to one or more traits drives local adaptation and may lead to ecological speciation. Divergent selection on many traits might be termed "multidimensional" divergent selection. There is a commonly held view that multidimensional divergent selection is likely to promote local adaptation and speciation to a greater extent than unidimensional divergent selection. We disentangle the core concepts underlying dimensionality as a property of the environment, phenotypes, and genome. In particular, we identify a need to separate the overall strength of selection and the number of loci affected from dimensionality per se, and to distinguish divergence dimensionality from dimensionality of stabilizing selection. We then critically scrutinize this commonly held view that multidimensional selection promotes speciation, re-examining the evidence base from theory, experiments, and nature. We conclude that the evidence base is currently weak and generally suffers from confounding of possible causal effects. Finally, we propose several mechanisms by which multidimensional divergent selection and related processes might influence divergence, both as a driver and as a barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J White
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-40530, Sweden
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136
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Fernie AR, Alseekh S, Liu J, Yan J. Using precision phenotyping to inform de novo domestication. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1397-1411. [PMID: 33848336 PMCID: PMC8260140 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An update on the use of precision phenotyping to assess the potential of lesser cultivated species as candidates for de novo domestication or similar development for future agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Author for communication: (A.R.F.)
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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137
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Westram AM, Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin R. Using replicate hybrid zones to understand the genomic basis of adaptive divergence. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3797-3814. [PMID: 33638231 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Combining hybrid zone analysis with genomic data is a promising approach to understanding the genomic basis of adaptive divergence. It allows for the identification of genomic regions underlying barriers to gene flow. It also provides insights into spatial patterns of allele frequency change, informing about the interplay between environmental factors, dispersal and selection. However, when only a single hybrid zone is analysed, it is difficult to separate patterns generated by selection from those resulting from chance. Therefore, it is beneficial to look for repeatable patterns across replicate hybrid zones in the same system. We applied this approach to the marine snail Littorina saxatilis, which contains two ecotypes, adapted to wave-exposed rocks vs. high-predation boulder fields. The existence of numerous hybrid zones between ecotypes offered the opportunity to test for the repeatability of genomic architectures and spatial patterns of divergence. We sampled and phenotyped snails from seven replicate hybrid zones on the Swedish west coast and genotyped them for thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Shell shape and size showed parallel clines across all zones. Many genomic regions showing steep clines and/or high differentiation were shared among hybrid zones, consistent with a common evolutionary history and extensive gene flow between zones, and supporting the importance of these regions for divergence. In particular, we found that several large putative inversions contribute to divergence in all locations. Additionally, we found evidence for consistent displacement of clines from the boulder-rock transition. Our results demonstrate patterns of spatial variation that would not be accessible without continuous spatial sampling, a large genomic data set and replicate hybrid zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Westram
- IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.,Animal & Plant Sciences, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Rui Faria
- Animal & Plant Sciences, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Roger Butlin
- Animal & Plant Sciences, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
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138
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Olazcuaga L, Foucaud J, Gautier M, Deschamps C, Loiseau A, Leménager N, Facon B, Ravigné V, Hufbauer RA, Estoup A, Rode NO. Adaptation and correlated fitness responses over two time scales in Drosophila suzukii populations evolving in different environments. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1225-1240. [PMID: 34097795 PMCID: PMC8457093 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of local adaptation involves differential changes in fitness over time across different environments. Although experimental evolution studies have extensively tested for patterns of local adaptation at a single time point, there is relatively little research that examines fitness more than once during the time course of adaptation. We allowed replicate populations of the fruit pest Drosophila suzukii to evolve in one of eight different fruit media. After five generations, populations with the highest initial levels of maladaptation had mostly gone extinct, whereas experimental populations evolving on cherry, strawberry and cranberry media had survived. We measured the fitness of each surviving population in each of the three fruit media after five and after 26 generations of evolution. After five generations, adaptation to each medium was associated with increased fitness in the two other media. This was also true after 26 generations, except when populations that evolved on cranberry medium developed on cherry medium. These results suggest that, in the theoretical framework of a fitness landscape, the fitness optima of cherry and cranberry media are the furthest apart. Our results show that studying how fitness changes across several environments and across multiple generations provides insights into the dynamics of local adaptation that would not be evident if fitness were analysed at a single point in time. By allowing a qualitative mapping of an experimental fitness landscape, our approach will improve our understanding of the ecological factors that drive the evolution of local adaptation in D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Olazcuaga
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Agricultural Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Julien Foucaud
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Candice Deschamps
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Loiseau
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Leménager
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Facon
- INRAE, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Ruth A Hufbauer
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Agricultural Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Arnaud Estoup
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas O Rode
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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139
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deMayo JA, Girod A, Sasaki MC, Dam HG. Adaptation to simultaneous warming and acidification carries a thermal tolerance cost in a marine copepod. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210071. [PMID: 34256577 PMCID: PMC8278047 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocean is undergoing warming and acidification. Thermal tolerance is affected both by evolutionary adaptation and developmental plasticity. Yet, thermal tolerance in animals adapted to simultaneous warming and acidification is unknown. We experimentally evolved the ubiquitous copepod Acartia tonsa to future combined ocean warming and acidification conditions (OWA approx. 22°C, 2000 µatm CO2) and then compared its thermal tolerance relative to ambient conditions (AM approx. 18°C, 400 µatm CO2). The OWA and AM treatments were reciprocally transplanted after 65 generations to assess effects of developmental conditions on thermal tolerance and potential costs of adaptation. Treatments transplanted from OWA to AM conditions were assessed at the F1 and F9 generations following transplant. Adaptation to warming and acidification, paradoxically, reduces both thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity. These costs of adaptation to combined warming and acidification may limit future population resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. deMayo
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340-6048, USA
| | - Amanda Girod
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Matthew C. Sasaki
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340-6048, USA
| | - Hans G. Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340-6048, USA
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140
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Kärcher O, Flörke M, Markovic D. Different life stage, different risks: Thermal performance across the life cycle of Salmo trutta and Salmo salar in the face of climate change. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8941-8956. [PMID: 34257937 PMCID: PMC8258189 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending assessments of climate change-induced range shifts via correlative species distribution models by including species traits is crucial for conservation planning. However, comprehensive assessments of future distribution scenarios incorporating responses of biotic factors are poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to extend the understanding about the combined usage of species traits data and species distribution models for different life stages and distribution scenarios. We combine global model predictions for the 2050s and thermal performances of Salmo trutta and Salmo salar under consideration of different life stages (adults, juveniles, eggs), timeframes (monthly, seasonally, yearly), and dispersal scenarios (no dispersal, free dispersal, restricted dispersal). We demonstrate that thermal performances of different life stages will either increase or decrease for certain time periods. Model predictions and thermal performances imply range declines and poleward shifts. Dispersal to suitable habitats will be an important factor mitigating warming effects; however, dams may block paths to areas linked to high performances. Our results emphasize enhanced inclusion of critical periods for species and proper dispersal solutions in conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kärcher
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
| | - Martina Flörke
- Center for Environmental Systems ResearchUniversity of KasselKasselGermany
- Institute of Hydrological Engineering and Water ManagementRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
| | - Danijela Markovic
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
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141
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Butaitė E, Kramer J, Kümmerli R. Local adaptation, geographical distance and phylogenetic relatedness: Assessing the drivers of siderophore-mediated social interactions in natural bacterial communities. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1266-1278. [PMID: 34101930 PMCID: PMC8453950 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In heterogenous, spatially structured habitats, individuals within populations can become adapted to the prevailing conditions in their local environment. Such local adaptation has been reported for animals and plants, and for pathogens adapting to hosts. There is increasing interest in applying the concept of local adaptation to microbial populations, especially in the context of microbe-microbe interactions. Here, we tested whether cooperation and cheating on cooperation can spur patterns of local adaptation in soil and pond communities of Pseudomonas bacteria, collected across a geographical scale of 0.5 to 50 m. We focussed on the production of pyoverdines, a group of secreted iron-scavenging siderophores that often differ among pseudomonads in their chemical structure and the receptor required for their uptake. A combination of supernatant-feeding and competition assays between isolates from four distance categories revealed tremendous variation in the extent to which pyoverdine non- and low-producers can benefit from pyoverdines secreted by producers. However, this variation was not explained by geographical distance, but primarily depended on the phylogenetic relatedness between interacting isolates. A notable exception occurred in local pond communities, where the effect of phylogenetic relatedness was eroded in supernatant assays, probably due to the horizontal transfer of receptor genes. While the latter result could be a signature of local adaptation, our results overall indicate that common ancestry and not geographical distance is the main predictor of siderophore-mediated social interactions among pseudomonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Butaitė
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jos Kramer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Kümmerli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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142
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Chavhan Y, Malusare S, Dey S. Interplay of population size and environmental fluctuations: A new explanation for fitness cost rarity in asexuals. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1943-1954. [PMID: 34145720 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical models of ecological specialisation commonly assume that adaptation to one environment leads to fitness reductions (costs) in others. However, experiments often fail to detect such costs. We addressed this conundrum using experimental evolution with Escherichia coli in several constant and fluctuating environments at multiple population sizes. We found that in fluctuating environments, smaller populations paid significant costs, but larger ones avoided them altogether. Contrastingly, in constant environments, larger populations paid more costs than the smaller ones. Overall, large population sizes and fluctuating environments led to cost avoidance only when present together. Mutational frequency distributions obtained from whole-genome whole-population sequencing revealed that the primary mechanism of cost avoidance was the enrichment of multiple beneficial mutations within the same lineage. Since the conditions revealed by our study for avoiding costs are widespread, it provides a novel explanation of the conundrum of why the costs expected in theory are rarely detected in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashraj Chavhan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarthak Malusare
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sutirth Dey
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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143
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Ensing DJ, Sora DMDH, Eckert CG. Chronic selection for early reproductive phenology in an annual plant across a steep, elevational gradient of growing season length. Evolution 2021; 75:1681-1698. [PMID: 34048598 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colonization along ubiquitous gradients of growing season length should require adaptation of phenological traits, driven by natural selection. Although phenology often varies with season length and genetic differentiation in phenological traits sometimes seems adaptive, few studies test whether natural selection is responsible for these patterns. The annual plant Rhinanthus minor is genetically differentiated for phenology across a 1000-m elevational gradient of growing season length in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We estimated phenotypic selection on five phenological traits for three generations of naturally occurring individuals at 12 sites (n = 10,112), and two generations of genetically and phenotypically more variable transplanted populations at nine of these sites (n = 24,611). Selection was weak for most traits, but consistently favored early flowering across the gradient rather than only under short seasons. There was no evidence that apparent selection favoring early reproduction arose from failure to consider all components of fitness, or variation in other correlated phenological traits. Instead, selection for earlier flowering may be balanced by selection for strong cogradient phenological plasticity that indirectly favors later flowering. However, this probably does not explain the consistency of selection on flowering time across this steep, elevational gradient of growing season length.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ensing
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dylan M D H Sora
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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144
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Sanderson S, Derry AM, Hendry AP. Phenotypic stability in scalar calcium of freshwater fish across a wide range of aqueous calcium availability in nature. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6053-6065. [PMID: 34141202 PMCID: PMC8207426 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial environmental gradients can promote adaptive differences among conspecific populations as a result of local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. Such divergence can be opposed by various constraints, including gene flow, limited genetic variation, temporal fluctuations, or developmental constraints. We focus on the constraint that can be imposed when some populations are found in locations characterized by low levels of an essential nutrient. We use scales of wild fish to investigate phenotypic effects of spatial variation in a potentially limiting nutrient-calcium. If scale calcium (we use "scalar" calcium for consistency with the physiology literature) simply reflects environmental calcium availability, we expect higher levels of scalar calcium in fish from calcium-rich water, compared to fish from calcium-poor water. To consider this "passive response" scenario, we analyzed scalar calcium concentrations from three native fish species (Lepomis gibbosus, Percina caprodes, and Perca flavescens) collected at multiple sites across a dissolved calcium gradient in the Upper St. Lawrence River. Contradicting the "passive response" scenario, we did not detect strong or consistent relationships between scalar calcium and water calcium. Instead, for a given proportional increase in water calcium across the wide environmental gradient, the corresponding proportional change in scalar calcium was much smaller. We thus favor the alternative "active homeostasis" scenario, wherein fish from calcium-poor water are better able to uptake, mobilize, and deposit calcium than are fish from calcium-rich water. We further highlight the importance of studying functional traits, such as scales, in their natural setting as opposed to only laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanderson
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Alison M. Derry
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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145
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Ellis TJ, Postma FM, Oakley CG, Ågren J. Life-history trade-offs and the genetic basis of fitness in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2846-2858. [PMID: 33938082 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resources allocated to survival cannot be used to increase fecundity, but the extent to which this trade-off constrains adaptation depends on overall resource status. Adaptation to local environmental conditions may therefore entail the evolution of traits that increase the amount of resources available to individuals (their resource status or 'condition'). We examined the relative contribution of trade-offs and increased condition to adaptive evolution in a recombinant inbred line population of Arabidopsis thaliana planted at the native sites of the parental ecotypes in Italy and Sweden in 2 years. We estimated genetic correlations among fitness components based on genotypic means and explored their causes with QTL mapping. The local ecotype produced more seeds per fruit than did the non-local ecotype, reflected in stronger adaptive differentiation than was previously shown based on survival and fruit number only. Genetic correlations between survival and overall fecundity, and between number of fruits and number of seeds per fruit, were positive, and there was little evidence of a trade-off between seed size and number. Quantitative trait loci for these traits tended to map to the same regions of the genome and showed positive pleiotropic effects. The results indicate that adaptive differentiation between the two focal populations largely reflects the evolution of increased ability to acquire resources in the local environment, rather than shifts in the relative allocation to different life-history traits. Differentiation both in phenology and in tolerance to cold is likely to contribute to the advantage of the local genotype at the two sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas James Ellis
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Froukje M Postma
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher G Oakley
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology & the Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jon Ågren
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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146
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Coral bleaching response is unaltered following acclimatization to reefs with distinct environmental conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025435118. [PMID: 34050025 PMCID: PMC8179235 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025435118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming has caused catastrophic losses of corals on reefs worldwide and is intensifying faster than the adaptive rate of most coral populations that remain. Human interventions, such as propagation of heat-resistant corals, may help maintain reef function and delay further devastation of these valuable ecosystems as society confronts the climate crisis. However, exposing adult corals to a complex suite of new environmental conditions could lead to tradeoffs that alter their heat stress responses, and empirical data are needed to test the utility of this approach. Here, we show that corals transplanted to novel reef conditions did not exhibit changes in their heat stress response or negative fitness tradeoffs, supporting the inclusion of this approach in our management arsenal. Urgent action is needed to prevent the demise of coral reefs as the climate crisis leads to an increasingly warmer and more acidic ocean. Propagating climate change–resistant corals to restore degraded reefs is one promising strategy; however, empirical evidence is needed to determine whether stress resistance is affected by transplantation beyond a coral’s native reef. Here, we assessed the performance of bleaching-resistant individuals of two coral species following reciprocal transplantation between reefs with distinct pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, sedimentation, and flow dynamics to determine whether heat stress response is altered following coral exposure to novel physicochemical conditions in situ. Critically, transplantation had no influence on coral heat stress responses, indicating that this trait was relatively fixed. In contrast, growth was highly plastic, and native performance was not predictive of performance in the novel environment. Coral metabolic rates and overall fitness were higher at the reef with higher flow, salinity, sedimentation, and diel fluctuations of pH and dissolved oxygen, and did not differ between native and cross-transplanted corals, indicating acclimatization via plasticity within just 3 mo. Conversely, cross-transplants at the second reef had higher fitness than native corals, thus increasing the fitness potential of the recipient population. This experiment was conducted during a nonbleaching year, so the potential benefits to recipient population fitness are likely enhanced during bleaching years. In summary, this study demonstrates that outplanting bleaching-resistant corals is a promising tool for elevating the resistance of coral populations to ocean warming.
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147
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Block S, Levine JM. How Dispersal Evolution and Local Adaptation Affect the Range Dynamics of Species Lagging Behind Climate Change. Am Nat 2021; 197:E173-E187. [PMID: 33989146 DOI: 10.1086/714130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAs climate changes, species' ability to spatially track suitable climate depends on their spread velocity, a function of their population growth and dispersal capacity. When climate changes faster than species can spread, the climate experienced at species' expanding range edges may ameliorate as conditions become increasingly similar to those of the range core. When this boosts species' growth rates, their spread accelerates. Here, we use simulations of a spreading population with an annual life history to explore how climatic amelioration interacts with dispersal evolution and local adaptation to determine the dynamics of spread. We found that depending on the timing of dispersal evolution, spread velocity can show contrasting trajectories, sometimes transiently exceeding the climate velocity before decelerating. Climatic amelioration can also accelerate the spread of populations composed of genotypes best adapted to local climatic conditions, but the exact dynamics depends on the pattern of climatic adaptation. We conclude that failing to account for demographic variation across climatic gradients can lead to erroneous conclusions about species' capacity to spatially track suitable climate.
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148
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Więcław H, Szenejko M, Kull T, Sotek Z, Rębacz-Maron E, Koopman J. Morphological variability and genetic diversity in Carex buxbaumii and Carex hartmaniorum (Cyperaceae) populations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11372. [PMID: 34026355 PMCID: PMC8121068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carex buxbaumii and C. hartmaniorum are sister species of the clade Papilliferae within the monophyletic section Racemosae. An unambiguous identification of these species is relatively difficult due to the interspecific continuum of some morphological characters as well as the intraspecific variability. The study was aimed at determining the range of variability, both morphological and genetic, within and between these two closely related and similar species. Methods The sedges were collected during botanical expeditions to Armenia, Estonia, the Netherlands, and Poland. The morphological separation of the two species and their populations was tested using the Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The genetic variability of the 19 Carex populations was assessed in the presence of eight Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. Results Results of the study indicate a considerable genetic affinity between the two sedge species (mean Si = 0.619). However, the populations of C. hartmaniorum are, morphologically and genetically, more homogenous than the populations of C. buxbaumii. Compared to C. hartmaniorum, C. buxbaumii usually has wider leaf blades, a shorter inflorescence, a lower number of spikes which are shorter, but wider, and longer bracts and utricles. The AMOVA showed a larger variation between the populations of C. buxbaumii, representing 25.65% of the total variation in the taxon. Two populations of C. buxbaumii (from Poland and Estonia) are separated from the remaining populations, both genetically and morphologically; their individuals show shorter utricles and glumes, compared to the typical specimens of C. buxbaumii, and correspond with the morphology of putative infraspecific taxa described by Cajander (var. brevisquamosa and var. confusa). Conclusions The taxonomic status of the putative infraspecific taxa within C. buxbaumii requires further studies throughout the distribution range of C. buxbaumii, addressing habitats, morphology and genetics (including a chromosome count or a combination of different genetic methods), particularly as the variability in C. buxbaumii may be associated with the species’ polyploid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Więcław
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szenejko
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thea Kull
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zofia Sotek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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149
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Koch EL, Morales HE, Larsson J, Westram AM, Faria R, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Johannesson K, Butlin RK. Genetic variation for adaptive traits is associated with polymorphic inversions in Littorina saxatilis. Evol Lett 2021; 5:196-213. [PMID: 34136269 PMCID: PMC8190449 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal inversions have long been recognized for their role in local adaptation. By suppressing recombination in heterozygous individuals, they can maintain coadapted gene complexes and protect them from homogenizing effects of gene flow. However, to fully understand their importance for local adaptation we need to know their influence on phenotypes under divergent selection. For this, the marine snail Littorina saxatilis provides an ideal study system. Divergent ecotypes adapted to wave action and crab predation occur in close proximity on intertidal shores with gene flow between them. Here, we used F2 individuals obtained from crosses between the ecotypes to test for associations between genomic regions and traits distinguishing the Crab‐/Wave‐adapted ecotypes including size, shape, shell thickness, and behavior. We show that most of these traits are influenced by two previously detected inversion regions that are divergent between ecotypes. We thus gain a better understanding of one important underlying mechanism responsible for the rapid and repeated formation of ecotypes: divergent selection acting on inversions. We also found that some inversions contributed to more than one trait suggesting that they may contain several loci involved in adaptation, consistent with the hypothesis that suppression of recombination within inversions facilitates differentiation in the presence of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Koch
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Hernán E Morales
- Evolutionary Genetics Section Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad 45296 Sweden
| | - Jenny Larsson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Anja M Westram
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom.,IST Austria Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Rui Faria
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom.,CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee Florida FL 32306-4120
| | - E Moriarty Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida FL 32306-4295
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad 45296 Sweden
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom.,Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad 45296 Sweden
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150
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Bontrager M, Usui T, Lee-Yaw JA, Anstett DN, Branch HA, Hargreaves AL, Muir CD, Angert AL. Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion. Evolution 2021; 75:1316-1333. [PMID: 33885152 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Every species experiences limits to its geographic distribution. Some evolutionary models predict that populations at range edges are less well adapted to their local environments due to drift, expansion load, or swamping gene flow from the range interior. Alternatively, populations near range edges might be uniquely adapted to marginal environments. In this study, we use a database of transplant studies that quantify performance at broad geographic scales to test how local adaptation, site quality, and population quality change from spatial and climatic range centers toward edges. We find that populations from poleward edges perform relatively poorly, both on average across all sites (15% lower population quality) and when compared to other populations at home (31% relative fitness disadvantage), consistent with these populations harboring high genetic load. Populations from equatorial edges also perform poorly on average (18% lower population quality) but, in contrast, outperform foreign populations (16% relative fitness advantage), suggesting that populations from equatorial edges have strongly adapted to unique environments. Finally, we find that populations from sites that are thermally extreme relative to the species' niche demonstrate strong local adaptation, regardless of their geographic position. Our findings indicate that both nonadaptive processes and adaptive evolution contribute to variation in adaptation across species' ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bontrager
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Current Address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Takuji Usui
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Julie A Lee-Yaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Daniel N Anstett
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Haley A Branch
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Christopher D Muir
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States
| | - Amy L Angert
- Departments of Botany and Zoology and the Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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