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Xia Z, He Y, Yu L, Lv R, Korpelainen H, Li C. Sex-specific strategies of phosphorus (P) acquisition in Populus cathayana as affected by soil P availability and distribution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:782-792. [PMID: 31487045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) availability and its distribution influence plant growth and productivity, but how they affect the growth dynamics and sex-specific P acquisition strategies of dioecious plant species is poorly understood. In this study, the impact of soil P availability and its distribution on dioecious Populus cathayana was characterized. P. cathayana males and females were grown under three levels of P supply, and with homogeneous or heterogeneous P distribution. Females had a greater total root length, specific root length (SRL), biomass and foliar P concentration under high P supply. Under P deficiency, males had a smaller root system than females but a greater exudation of soil acid phosphatase, and a higher colonization rate and arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal biomass, suggesting a better capacity to mine P and a stronger association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to forage P. Heterogeneous P distribution enhanced growth and root length density (RLD) in females. Female root proliferation in P-rich patches was related to increased foliar P assimilation. Localized P application for increasing P availability did not enhance the biomass accumulation and the morphological plasticity of roots in males, but it raised hyphal biomass. The findings herein indicate that sex-specific strategies in P acquisition relate to root morphology, root exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses, and they may contribute to sex-specific resource utilization patterns and niche segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rubing Lv
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
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102
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Etesami H, Adl SM. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Action Mechanisms in Availability of Nutrients to Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2576-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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103
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Zhang X, Li X, Wu C, Ye L, Kang Z, Zhang X. Exogenous Nitric Oxide and Phosphorus Stress Affect the Mycorrhization, Plant Growth, and Associated Microbes of Carya illinoinensis Seedlings Colonized by Tuber indicum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2634. [PMID: 31798561 PMCID: PMC6863891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the artificial cultivation of truffles, ectomycorrhizal colonization level, host plant quality, and the associated microbes in the rhizosphere soil are vitally important. To explore the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and phosphorus (P) stress on the early symbiosis of truffles and host plants, different concentrations of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and P were applied to Carya illinoinensis seedlings inoculated with the Chinese black truffle (Tuber indicum). The growth of T. indicum-mycorrhized seedlings and their mycorrhizal colonization rate were investigated. Additionally, the denitrifying bacterial community harboring NO reductase (norB) genes and the fungal community in the rhizosphere of the host were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the colonization rate of T. indicum was significantly influenced by SNP treatments and P stress, with the highest level being obtained when the SNP was 100 μmol/L under low P stress (5 μmol/L). Treatment with 100 μmol/L SNP alone also increased the colonization rate of T. indicum and had positive effects on the plant height, stem circumference, biomass, root-shoot ratio and root POD activity of the seedlings at different times after inoculation. Under low P stress, the 100 μmol/L SNP increased the richness of the norB-type denitrifying bacterial community. Interestingly, the diversity and richness of norB-type denitrifying bacteria were significantly positively correlated with the colonization rate of T. indicum. SNP treatments under low P stress altered the abundance of some dominant taxa such as Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonas, Ensifer, and Sulfitobacter. Evaluation of the fungal community in the rhizosphere revealed that 100 μmol/L SNP treatment alone had no noticeable effect on their richness and diversity, but it did shape the abundance of some fungi. Buellia, Podospora, Phaeoisaria, Ascotaiwania, and Lophiostoma were more abundant following exogenous NO application, while the abundance of Acremonium, Monographella, and Penicillium were decreased. Network analysis indicated that T. indicum was positively and negatively correlated with some fungal genera when treated with 100 μmol/L SNP. Overall, these results revealed how exogenous NO and P stress influence the symbiosis of truffles and host plants, and indicate that application of SNP treatments has the potential for ectomycorrhizal synthesis and truffle cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenguang Wu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongjing Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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104
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Silicon Compensates Phosphorus Deficit-Induced Growth Inhibition by Improving Photosynthetic Capacity, Antioxidant Potential, and Nutrient Homeostasis in Tomato. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils is a major problem for sustainable crop production worldwide. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can promote plant growth, development and responses to stresses. However, the effect of Si on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth, photosynthesis and mineral uptake under P deficit conditions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that low P (LP) supply inhibited tomato growth as revealed by significantly decreased fresh and dry weights of shoots and impaired root morphological traits. LP-induced growth inhibition was associated with decreased photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency. However, exogenous Si application alleviated LP-induced decreases in growth and physiological parameters. In particular, Si increased Pn by 65.2%, leading to a significantly increased biomass accumulation. Biochemical quantification and in situ visualization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed increased ROS (O2−· and H2O2) accumulation under LP stress, which eventually elevated lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, exogenous Si decreased ROS and malondialdehyde levels by substantially increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. In addition, Si increased concentrations of osmoregulatory substances, such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble proteins, free amino acids, and organic acids under LP stress. Analysis of major element concentrations revealed that exogenous Si application under LP stress not only increased Si uptake but also enhanced the concentrations of most essential elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn) in different tissues (roots, leaves, and stems). These results reveal that Si mitigates LP stress by improving photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant potential, and nutrient homeostasis and that it can be used for agronomic management of vegetable crops in P-deficient soils.
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105
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Abstract
Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint for cotton production. Consequently, P-efficient genotypes can improve productivity under conditions where the higher application of P is not economical. This study was conducted to characterize cotton genotypes for P-use efficiency under various P concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 500 μM KH2PO4). The results showed large genotypic variation in five selected traits, such as root dry weight, shoot dry weight, photosynthetic activity, P-utilization efficiency, and P-uptake efficiency. Based on these five selected traits, the genotypes were grouped into three main classes as efficient, moderate efficient, and inefficient genotypes as proposed by different researchers. Most of the genotypes behaved in a similar pattern under different P concentrations. Among the genotypes, Xinluzao-49 and Xinluzao-48 were considered as P efficient while CCRI-64 and Yumian-21 as inefficient genotypes. However, the rest of the genotypes were considered as moderately P efficient. The results prove that a large genetic potential exists in cotton genotypes for P-use efficiency, and the use of P-efficient genotypes for cultivation will reduce the application of phosphatic fertilizers. Furthermore, the use of P-efficient genotypes will improve cotton breeding activities and help in improving the environmental sustainability of cotton production.
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106
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Wu W, Zhu S, Chen Q, Lin Y, Tian J, Liang C. Cell Wall Proteins Play Critical Roles in Plant Adaptation to Phosphorus Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5259. [PMID: 31652783 PMCID: PMC6862644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the mineral nutrient elements essential for plant growth and development. Low phosphate (Pi) availability in soils adversely affects crop production. To cope with low P stress, remodeling of root morphology and architecture is generally observed in plants, which must be accompanied by root cell wall modifications. It has been documented that cell wall proteins (CWPs) play critical roles in shaping cell walls, transmitting signals, and protecting cells against environmental stresses. However, understanding of the functions of CWPs involved in plant adaptation to P deficiency remains fragmentary. The aim of this review was to summarize advances in identification and functional characterization of CWPs in responses to P deficiency, and to highlight the critical roles of CWPs in mediating root growth, P reutilization, and mobilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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107
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Buet A, Galatro A, Ramos-Artuso F, Simontacchi M. Nitric oxide and plant mineral nutrition: current knowledge. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4461-4476. [PMID: 30903155 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants under conditions of essential mineral deficiency trigger signaling mechanisms that involve common components. Among these components, nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a key participant in responses to changes in nutrient availability. Usually, nutrient imbalances affect the levels of NO in specific plant tissues, via modification of its rate of synthesis or degradation. Changes in the level of NO affect plant morphology and/or trigger responses associated with nutrient homeostasis, mediated by its interaction with reactive oxygen species, phytohormones, and through post-translational modification of proteins. NO-related events constitute an exciting field of research to understand how plants adapt and respond to conditions of nutrient shortage. This review summarizes the current knowledge on NO as a component of the multiple processes related to plant performance under conditions of deficiency in mineral nutrients, focusing on macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium, as well as micronutrients such as iron and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Buet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Galatro
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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108
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Wang Y, Gao H, He L, Zhu W, Yan L, Chen Q, He C. The PHOSPHATE1 genes participate in salt and Pi signaling pathways and play adaptive roles during soybean evolution. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:353. [PMID: 31412775 PMCID: PMC6694516 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PHOSPHATE1 (PHO1) gene family plays diverse roles in inorganic phosphate (Pi) transfer and signal transduction, and plant development. However, the functions and diversification of soybean PHO1 family are poorly understood. RESULTS Cultivated soybean (Glycine max) was domesticated from wild soybean (Glycine soja). To illuminate their roles in this evolutionary process, we comparatively investigated the G. max PHO1 genes (GmPHO1) in Suinong 14 (SN14) and G. soja PHO1 genes (GsPHO1) in ZYD00006 (ZYD6). The sequences of the orthologous Gm-GsPHO1 pairs were grouped into two Classes. The expression of Class I in both SN14 and ZYD6 was widely but relatively high in developing fruits, whereas Class II was predominantly expressed in the roots. The whole family displayed diverse response patterns to salt stresses and Pi-starvation in roots. Between SN14 and ZYD6, most PHO1 genes responded similarly to salinity stresses, and half had sharp contrasts in response to Pi-starvation, which corroborated the differential response capacities to salinity and low-Pi stress between SN14 and ZYD6. Furthermore, in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, most Class II members and GmPHO1;H9 from Class I could enhance salt tolerance, while only two Class II genes (GmPHO1;H4 and GmPHO1;H8) differently altered sensitivity to Pi-starvation. The expression of critical genes was accordingly altered in either salt or Pi signaling pathways in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. CONCLUSIONS Our work identifies some PHO1 genes as promising genetic materials for soybean improvement, and suggests that expression variation is decisive to functional divergence of the orthologous Gm-GsPHO1 pairs, which plays an adaptive role during soybean evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Huihui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Lingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Lixin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049 China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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Nguyen VL, Palmer L, Roessner U, Stangoulis J. Genotypic Variation in the Root and Shoot Metabolite Profiles of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Indicate Sustained, Preferential Carbon Allocation as a Potential Mechanism in Phosphorus Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:995. [PMID: 31447867 PMCID: PMC6691131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the levels of plant metabolites in response to nutrient deficiency is indicative of how plants utilize scarce resources. In this study, changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated. Under low P supply and at 28 days after sowing (DAS), the wheat breeding line, RAC875 (P efficient) produced 42% more shoot biomass than the wheat variety, and Wyalkatchem (P inefficient). Significant changes in the metabolite profile in leaves and roots were observed under low P supply and significant genotypic variation was evident. Under low P supply, an increase in raffinose and 1-kestose was evident in roots of both wheat genotypes, with RAC875 accumulating more when compared to Wyalkatchem. There was no significant increase in raffinose and 1-kestose in leaves when plants were grown under P deficiency. P deficiency had no significant impact on the levels of sucrose, maltose, glucose and fructose in both genotypes, and while phosphorylated sugars (glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P) remained unchanged in RAC875, in Wyalkatchem, glucose-6-P significantly decreased in roots, and fructose-6-P significantly decreased in both leaves and roots. Glycerol-3-P decreased twofold in roots of both wheat genotypes in response to low P. In roots, RAC875 exhibited significantly lower levels of fumarate, malate, maleate and itaconate than Wyalkatchem, while low P enhanced organic acid exudation in RAC875 but not in Wyalkatchem. RAC875 showed greater accumulation of aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine in leaves than Wyalkatchem under low P supply. Greater accumulation of raffinose and 1-kestose in roots and aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine in leaves appears to be associated with enhanced PUE in RAC875. Glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P are important for glycolysis, thus maintaining these metabolites would enable RAC875 to maintain carbohydrate metabolism and shoot biomass under P deficiency. The work presented here provides evidence that differences in metabolite profiles can be observed between wheat varieties that differ in PUE and key metabolic pathways are maintained in the efficient genotype to ensure carbon supply under P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Lam Nguyen
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lachlan Palmer
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Stangoulis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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110
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Long L, Ma X, Ye L, Zeng J, Chen G, Zhang G. Root plasticity and Pi recycling within plants contribute to low-P tolerance in Tibetan wild barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:341. [PMID: 31382871 PMCID: PMC6683381 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barley is a low phosphorus (P) demand cereal crop. Tibetan wild barley, as a progenitor of cultivated barley, has revealed outstanding ability of tolerance to low-P stress. However, the underlying mechanisms of low-P adaption and the relevant genetic controlling are still unclear. RESULTS We identified low-P tolerant barley lines in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from an elite Tibetan wild barley accession and a high-yield cultivar. The tolerant lines revealed greater root plasticity in the terms of lateral root length, compared to low-P sensitive lines, in response to low-P stress. By integrating the QTLs associated with root length and root transcriptomic profiling, candidate genes encoding isoflavone reductase, nitrate reductase, nitrate transporter and transcriptional factor MYB were identified. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved the growth of lateral root, Pi transport within cells as well as from roots to shoots contributed to the differences between low-P tolerant line L138 and low-P sensitive lines L73 in their ability of P acquisition and utilization. CONCLUSIONS The plasticity of root system is an important trait for barley to tolerate low-P stress. The low-P tolerance in the elite DH line derived from a cross of Tibetan wild barley and cultivated barley is characterized by enhanced growth of lateral root and Pi recycling within plants under low-P stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Long
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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111
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Ray P, Abraham PE, Guo Y, Giannone RJ, Engle NL, Yang ZK, Jacobson D, Hettich RL, Tschaplinski TJ, Craven KD. Scavenging organic nitrogen and remodelling lipid metabolism are key survival strategies adopted by the endophytic fungi, Serendipita vermifera and Serendipita bescii to alleviate nitrogen and phosphorous starvation in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:548-557. [PMID: 30970176 PMCID: PMC6850091 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Serendipitaceae represents a diverse fungal group in the Basidiomycota that includes endophytes and lineages that repeatedly evolved ericoid, orchid and ectomycorrhizal lifestyle. Plants rely upon both nitrogen and phosphorous, for essential growth processes, and are often provided by mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, we investigated the cellular proteome of Serendipita vermifera MAFF305830 and closely related Serendipita vermifera subsp. bescii NFPB0129 grown in vitro under (N) ammonium and (P) phosphate starvation conditions. Mycelial growth pattern was documented under these conditions to correlate growth-specific responses to nutrient starvation. We found that N-starvation accelerated hyphal radial growth, whereas P-starvation accelerated hyphal branching. Additionally, P-starvation triggers an integrated starvation response leading to remodelling of lipid metabolism. Higher abundance of an ammonium transporter known to serve as both an ammonium sensor and stimulator of hyphal growth was detected under N-starvation. Additionally, N-starvation led to strong up-regulation of nitrate, amino acid, peptide, and urea transporters, along with several proteins predicted to have peptidase activity. Taken together, our finding suggests S. bescii and S. vermifera have the metabolic capacity for nitrogen assimilation from organic forms of N compounds. We hypothesize that the nitrogen metabolite repression is a key regulator of such organic N assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Ray
- Noble Research Institute, LLCArdmoreOK 73401USA
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA
| | | | - Richard J. Giannone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA
| | - Zamin K. Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA
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Gonin M, Bergougnoux V, Nguyen TD, Gantet P, Champion A. What Makes Adventitious Roots? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E240. [PMID: 31336687 PMCID: PMC6681363 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The spermatophyte root system is composed of a primary root that develops from an embryonically formed root meristem, and of different post-embryonic root types: lateral and adventitious roots. Adventitious roots, arising from the stem of the plants, are the main component of the mature root system of many plants. Their development can also be induced in response to adverse environmental conditions or stresses. Here, in this review, we report on the morphological and functional diversity of adventitious roots and their origin. The hormonal and molecular regulation of the constitutive and inducible adventitious root initiation and development is discussed. Recent data confirmed the crucial role of the auxin/cytokinin balance in adventitious rooting. Nevertheless, other hormones must be considered. At the genetic level, adventitious root formation integrates the transduction of external signals, as well as a core auxin-regulated developmental pathway that is shared with lateral root formation. The knowledge acquired from adventitious root development opens new perspectives to improve micropropagation by cutting in recalcitrant species, root system architecture of crops such as cereals, and to understand how plants adapted during evolution to the terrestrial environment by producing different post-embryonic root types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gonin
- Université de Montpellier, IRD, UMR DIADE, 34,394 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Thu D Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Université de Montpellier, IRD, UMR DIADE, 34,394 Montpellier, France
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antony Champion
- Université de Montpellier, IRD, UMR DIADE, 34,394 Montpellier, France
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Kong Y, Wang B, Du H, Li W, Li X, Zhang C. GmEXLB1, a Soybean Expansin-Like B Gene, Alters Root Architecture to Improve Phosphorus Acquisition in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:808. [PMID: 31333686 PMCID: PMC6624453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Expansins comprise four subfamilies, α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA), and expansin-like B (EXLB), which are involved in the regulation of root development and growth under abiotic stress. To date, few EXLB genes have been shown to respond to low phosphorus (P) in plants. In this study, we identified an EXLB gene, GmEXLB1, by analyzing the transcription profiles of GmEXLBs in soybean. Quantitative analysis showed that GmEXLB1 was expressed and induced in the lateral roots of soybean under low P conditions. The observation of β-glucuronidase staining in transgenic Arabidopsis suggested that GmEXLB1 might be associated with lateral root emergence. GmEXLB1 overexpression altered the root architecture of transgenic Arabidopsis by increasing the number and length of lateral roots and the length of primary roots under low P conditions. Additionally, the length of the elongation zone and the average cell length in the elongation zone were increased in transgenic Arabidopsis. Increases in biomass and P content suggested that GmEXLB1 overexpression enhanced P acquisition in Arabidopsis. Overall, we conclude that GmEXLB1 expression is induced in soybean under low P conditions, and the overexpression of GmEXLB1 improves P acquisition by regulating root elongation and architecture in Arabidopsis, which provides a possible direction for research of the function of this gene in soybean.
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114
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Zhu XF, Zhang XL, Dong XY, Shen RF. Carbon Dioxide Improves Phosphorus Nutrition by Facilitating the Remobilization of Phosphorus From the Shoot Cell Wall in Rice ( Oryza sativa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:665. [PMID: 31191579 PMCID: PMC6541036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) starvation leads to increased reutilization of cell wall P in rice (Oryza sativa). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is involved not only in plant growth and development but also in the response to abiotic stresses. However, it remains unclear whether CO2 affects the reutilization of cell wall P in rice when subjected to P deficiency. In the present study, elevated CO2 (600 μl·L-1) significantly increased the soluble P content in shoots when compared with ambient CO2 (400 μl·L-1). This positive effect was accompanied by an increase of pectin content, as well as an increase of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, which results in P release from the shoot cell wall, making it available for plant growth. P deficiency significantly induced the expression of phosphate transporter genes (OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT8) and decreased the P content in the xylem sap, but elevated CO2 had no further effect, indicating that the increased soluble P content observed in shoots under elevated CO2 is attributable to the reutilization of shoot cell wall P. Elevated CO2 further increased the P deficiency-induced ethylene production in the shoots, and the addition of the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) mimicked this effect, while the addition of the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) abolished this effect. These results further support the role of ethylene in the alleviation of P deficiency under elevated CO2. Taken together, our results indicate that the improvement of P nutrition in rice by elevated CO2 is mediated by increasing the shoot cell wall pectin content and PME activity, possibly via the ethylene signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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115
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Ajmera I, Hodgman TC, Lu C. An Integrative Systems Perspective on Plant Phosphate Research. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E139. [PMID: 30781872 PMCID: PMC6410211 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The case for improving crop phosphorus-use-efficiency is widely recognized. Although much is known about the molecular and regulatory mechanisms, improvements have been hampered by the extreme complexity of phosphorus (P) dynamics, which involves soil chemistry; plant-soil interactions; uptake, transport, utilization and remobilization within plants; and agricultural practices. The urgency and direction of phosphate research is also dependent upon the finite sources of P, availability of stocks to farmers and reducing environmental hazards. This work introduces integrative systems approaches as a way to represent and understand this complexity, so that meaningful links can be established between genotype, environment, crop traits and yield. It aims to provide a large set of pointers to potential genes and research practice, with a view to encouraging members of the plant-phosphate research community to adopt such approaches so that, together, we can aid efforts in global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Ajmera
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - T Charlie Hodgman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG25 0 QF, UK.
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116
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Li L, Yang H, Peng L, Ren W, Gong J, Liu P, Wu X, Huang F. Comparative Study Reveals Insights of Sheepgrass ( Leymus chinensis) Coping With Phosphate-Deprived Stress Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:170. [PMID: 30873190 PMCID: PMC6401631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sheepgrass [Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel] is a valuable forage plant highly significant to the grassland productivity of Euro-Asia steppes. Growth of above-ground tissues of L. chinensis is the major component contributing to the grass yield. Although it is generally known that this species is sensitive to ecosystem disturbance and adverse environments, detailed information of how L. chinensis coping with various nutrient deficiency especially phosphate deprivation (-Pi) is still limited. Here, we investigated impact of Pi-deprivation on shoot growth and biomass accumulation as well as photosynthetic properties of L. chinensis. Growth inhibition of Pi-deprived seedlings was most obvious and reduction of biomass accumulation and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was 55.3 and 63.3%, respectively, compared to the control plants grown under Pi-repleted condition. Also, we compared these characters with seedlings subjected to low-Pi stress condition. Pi-deprivation caused 18.5 and 12.3% more reduction of biomass and Pn relative to low-Pi-stressed seedlings, respectively. Further analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence and thylakoid membrane protein complexes using 2D-BN/SDS-PAGE combined with immunoblot detection demonstrated that among the measured photosynthetic parameters, decrease of ATP synthase activity was most pronounced in Pi-deprived plants. Together with less extent of lipid peroxidation of the thylakoid membranes and increased ROS scavenger enzyme activities in the leaves of Pi-deprived seedlings, we suggest that the decreased activity of ATP synthase in their thylakoids is the major cause of the greater reduction of photosynthetic efficiency than that of low-Pi stressed plants, leading to the least shoot growth and biomass production in L. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haomeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibo Ren
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Huang,
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117
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Yeh CM, Kobayashi K, Fujii S, Fukaki H, Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M. Blue Light Regulates Phosphate Deficiency-Dependent Primary Root Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1803. [PMID: 32082352 PMCID: PMC7005603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved mechanisms to improve utilization efficiency or acquisition of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in response to Pi deficiency, such as altering root architecture, secreting acid phosphatases, and activating the expression of genes related to Pi uptake and recycling. Although many genes responsive to Pi starvation have been identified, transcription factors that affect tolerance to Pi deficiency have not been well characterized. We show here that the ectopic expression of B-BOX32 (BBX32) and the mutation of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), whose transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by BBX32, resulted in the tolerance to Pi deficiency in Arabidopsis. The primary root lengths of 35S:BBX32 and hy5 plants were only slightly inhibited under Pi deficient condition and the fresh weights were significantly higher than those of wild type. The Pi deficiency-tolerant root phenotype of hy5 was similarly observed when grown on the medium without Pi. In addition, a double mutant, hy5 slr1, without lateral roots, also showed a long primary root phenotype under phosphate deficiency, indicating that the root phenotype of hy5 does not result from an increase of external Pi uptake. Moreover, we found that blue light may regulate Pi deficiency-dependent primary root growth inhibition through activating peroxidase gene expression, suggesting the Pi-deficiency tolerant root phenotype of hy5 may be due to blockage of blue light responses. Altogether, this study points out light quality may play an important role in the regulation of Pi deficiency responses. It may contribute to regulate plant growth under Pi deficiency through proper illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ming Yeh
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Fujii
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaru Ohme-Takagi,
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118
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Muthert LWF, Izzo LG, van Zanten M, Aronne G. Root Tropisms: Investigations on Earth and in Space to Unravel Plant Growth Direction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1807. [PMID: 32153599 PMCID: PMC7047216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Root tropisms are important responses of plants, allowing them to adapt their growth direction. Research on plant tropisms is indispensable for future space programs that envisage plant-based life support systems for long-term missions and planet colonization. Root tropisms encompass responses toward or away from different environmental stimuli, with an underexplored level of mechanistic divergence. Research into signaling events that coordinate tropistic responses is complicated by the consistent coincidence of various environmental stimuli, often interacting via shared signaling mechanisms. On Earth the major determinant of root growth direction is the gravitational vector, acting through gravitropism and overruling most other tropistic responses to environmental stimuli. Critical advancements in the understanding of root tropisms have been achieved nullifying the gravitropic dominance with experiments performed in the microgravity environment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on root tropisms to different environmental stimuli. We highlight that the term tropism must be used with care, because it can be easily confused with a change in root growth direction due to asymmetrical damage to the root, as can occur in apparent chemotropism, electrotropism, and magnetotropism. Clearly, the use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for tropism research contributed much to our understanding of the underlying regulatory processes and signaling events. However, pronounced differences in tropisms exist among species, and we argue that these should be further investigated to get a more comprehensive view of the signaling pathways and sensors. Finally, we point out that the Cholodny-Went theory of asymmetric auxin distribution remains to be the central and unifying tropistic mechanism after 100 years. Nevertheless, it becomes increasingly clear that the theory is not applicable to all root tropistic responses, and we propose further research to unravel commonalities and differences in the molecular and physiological processes orchestrating root tropisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gennaro Izzo,
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Aronne
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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119
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Kc S, Liu M, Zhang Q, Fan K, Shi Y, Ruan J. Metabolic Changes of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Tea Plants in Response to Inorganic Phosphate Limitation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113683. [PMID: 30469347 PMCID: PMC6274676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualities of tea (Camellia sinensis) are not clearly understood in terms of integrated leading molecular regulatory network mechanisms behind inorganic phosphate (Pi) limitation. Thus, the present work aims to elucidate transcription factor-dependent responses of quality-related metabolites and the expression of genes to phosphate (P) starvation. The tea plant organs were subjected to metabolomics analysis by GC×GC-TOF/MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS along with transcription factors and 13 metabolic genes by qRT-PCR. We found P starvation upregulated SPX2 and the change response of Pi is highly dependent on young shoots. This led to increased change in abundance of carbohydrates (fructose and glucose), amino acids in leaves (threonine and methionine), and root (phenylalanine, alanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine). Flavonoids and their glycosides accumulated in leaves and root exposed to P limitation was consistent with the upregulated expression of anthocyanidin reductase (EC 1.3.1.77), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (EC 1.4.11.19) and glycosyltransferases (UGT78D1, UGT78D2 and UGT57L12). Despite the similar kinetics and high correlation response of Pi and SPX2 in young shoots, predominating theanine and other amino acids (serine, threonine, glutamate, valine, methionine, phenylalanine) and catechin (EGC, EGCG and CG) content displayed opposite changes in response to Pi limitation between Fengqing and Longjing-43 tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kc
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China.
- Tea Research Institute (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Meiya Liu
- Tea Research Institute (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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120
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Li P, Weng J, Zhang Q, Yu L, Yao Q, Chang L, Niu Q. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Cucumis melo L. Chloroplasts to Low-Phosphate Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1525. [PMID: 30405663 PMCID: PMC6204437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limiting plant soil nutrient. Long-term low inorganic phosphate (Pi) irreversibly damages plant cells and hinders plant growth. Plants have evolved several adaptive biochemical, physiological, and developmental responses to low-Pi stress. However, little is known about chloroplast responses to low-Pi stress. In this study, we used physiological and biochemical analyses to investigate melon chloroplast responses to low-Pi stress. The results indicated that low-Pi stress impeded melon seedling growth and reduced its dry matter content by inhibiting the photosynthesis. Low-Pi stress reduced the P content in shoots, which inhibited ATP synthase (ATP-ase) activity, and disturbed the proton and electron transport efficiency on chloroplast photosynthetic electron transport chain. In addition, low-Pi stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the leaves, which caused membrane peroxidation. Therefore, redox homeostasis was not maintained, and the melon leaves presented with symptoms of photooxidative stress. To mitigate photoinhibition, the melon plants initiated non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) initiated by acidification of the thylakoid lumen to dissipate excess excitation energy, significantly improved ROS-scavenging enzyme activity. Based on these experimental results, we concluded that low Pi inhibited photosystem activity and caused photooxidative stress and photoinhibition. To alleviate these negative effects, the plant activated its NPQ mechanism, alternative electron transport pathways, and antioxidant system to protect its chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Weng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Planting Management Station, Ningbo, China
| | - Liyao Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Chang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingliang Niu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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121
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Gudiño ME, Blanco-Touriñán N, Arbona V, Gómez-Cadenas A, Blázquez MA, Navarro-García F. β-Lactam Antibiotics Modify Root Architecture and Indole Glucosinolate Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2086-2098. [PMID: 29986082 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in soils could be due to natural production by soil microorganisms or to the effect of anthropogenic activities. However, the impact of these compounds on plant physiology has not been thoroughly investigated. To evaluate the effect of β-lactam antibiotics (carbenicillin and penicillin) on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana roots, plants were grown in the presence of different amounts and we found a reduction in root size, an increase in the size of root hairs as well as an abnormal position closer to the tip of the roots. Those phenomena were dependent on the accumulation of both antibiotics inside root tissues and also correlated with a decrease in size of the root apical meristem not related to an alteration in cell division but to a decrease in cell expansion. Using an RNA sequencing analysis, we detected an increase in the expression of genes related to the response to oxidative stress, which would explain the increase in the levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species found in the presence of those antibiotics. Moreover, some auxin-responsive genes were misregulated, especially an induction of CYP79B3, possibly explaining the increase in auxin levels in the presence of carbenicillin and the decrease in the amount of indole glucosinolates, involved in the control of fungal infections. Accordingly, penicillin-treated plants were hypersensitive to the endophyte fungus Colletotrichum tofieldiae. These results underscore the risks for plant growth of β-lactam antibiotics in agricultural soils, and suggest a possible function for these compounds as fungus-produced signaling molecules to modify plant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Gudiño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas 'Primo Yúfera', CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas 'Primo Yúfera', CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas 'Primo Yúfera', CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Navarro-García
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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122
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Grewal RK, Saraf S, Deb A, Kundu S. Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs Link Cellular Physiology to Phenotypic Changes in Rice Under Stress Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2143-2154. [PMID: 30010993 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes have important functional roles in nutrition deficiency and stress response. However, the underlying mechanisms relating relative expression of miRNAs and target mRNAs to morphological adjustments are not well defined. By combining miRNA expression profiles, corresponding target genes and transcription factors that bind to computationally identified over-represented cis-regulatory elements (CREs) common in miRNAs and target gene promoters, we implement a strategy that identifies a set of differentially expressed regulatory interactions which, in turn, relate underlying cellular mechanisms to some of the phenotypic changes observed. Integration of experimentally reported individual interactions with identified regulatory interactions explains how (i) during mineral deficiency osa-miR167 inhibits shoot growth but activates adventitious root growth by influencing free auxin content; (ii) during sulfur deficiency osa-miR394 is involved in adventitious root growth inhibition, sulfur and iron homeostasis, and auxin-mediated regulation of sulfur homeostasis; (iii) osa-miR399 contributes to cross-talk between cytokinin and phosphorus deficiency signaling; and (iv) a feed-forward loop involving the osa-miR166, trihelix and HD-ZIP III transcription factors may regulate leaf senescence during drought. This strategy not only identifies various regulatory interactions connecting phenotypic changes with cellular or molecular events triggered by stress, but also provides a framework to deepen our understanding of stress cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumdeep K Grewal
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College, Kolkata, India
| | - Shradha Saraf
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arindam Deb
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudip Kundu
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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123
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Shen Q, Wen Z, Dong Y, Li H, Miao Y, Shen J. The responses of root morphology and phosphorus-mobilizing exudations in wheat to increasing shoot phosphorus concentration. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply054. [PMID: 30338049 PMCID: PMC6185719 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adaptations of root growth and rhizosphere processes for soil phosphorus (P) acquisition have been investigated intensively in wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, only a few studies paid attention to these responses to shoot P status. This study aimed at investigating the responses of root morphology and P-mobilizing exudation to increasing shoot P concentration. A broad range of wheat shoot P concentrations (1.0-7.1 mg per g dry weight) was set up with 11 rates of P supply: 0-1200 mg P per kg soil. Root morphology and exudation parameters were measured after 37 days of plant growth. Shoot dry biomass reached a maximum when shoot P concentration was 4.63 mg per g dry weight. The maximum shoot P concentration for total root length, specific root length and the proportion of fine root (diameter ≤ 0.2 mm) length to total root length was 3 mg per g dry weight. Rhizosphere acidification was positively correlated with shoot P concentration when this was <5 mg per g dry weight. Shoot P concentration did not change acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere. Citrate concentration in the rhizosphere was suppressed by increasing shoot P concentration. In contrast, malate concentration in the rhizosphere showed a positive correlation with shoot P concentration. In conclusion, wheat root morphological and P-mobilizing exudation traits showed different behaviours with increasing P deficiency stress. Maintaining root biomass and length is the major strategy rather than root exudation for wheat to cope with extreme P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haigang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxin Miao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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124
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Karim MR, Dong X, Zheng L, Shen R, Lan P. Can Aluminum Tolerant Wheat Cultivar Perform Better under Phosphate Deficient Conditions? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2964. [PMID: 30274178 PMCID: PMC6213158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Low availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi), together with aluminum (Al), is a major constraint for plant growth and development in acidic soils. To investigate whether or not Al-resistant cultivars can perform better under Pi deficiency, we chose two wheat cultivars with different Al-responses-Atlas 66, being Al-tolerant, and Scout 66, which is Al-sensitive-and analyzed their responses to Pi deficiency. Results showed that, unexpectedly, the Al-sensitive cultivar Scout 66 contained comparatively higher amount of soluble phosphate (Pi) and total phosphorus (P) both in the roots and in the shoots than Atlas 66 under P deficiency. In addition, Scout 66 exhibited higher root biomass, root volume, and root tip numbers, compared with Atlas 66. The expression of Pi-responsive marker genes, TaIPS1, TaSPX3, and TaSQD2 was strongly induced in both cultivars, but the extents of induction were higher in Scout 66 than in Atlas 66 under long-term Pi starvation. Taken together, our results suggest that the Al-sensitive cultivar Scout 66 performed much better under sole Pi starvation, which sets the following experimental stage to uncover the underlying mechanisms of why Scout 66 can display better under Pi deficiency. Our study also raises an open question whether Al-resistant plants are more sensitive to Pi deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaul Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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125
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Pang J, Zhao H, Bansal R, Bohuon E, Lambers H, Ryan MH, Siddique KHM. Leaf transpiration plays a role in phosphorus acquisition among a large set of chickpea genotypes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2069-2079. [PMID: 29315636 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low availability of inorganic phosphorus (P) is considered a major constraint for crop productivity worldwide. A unique set of 266 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, originating from 29 countries and with diverse genetic background, were used to study P-use efficiency. Plants were grown in pots containing sterilized river sand supplied with P at a rate of 10 μg P g-1 soil as FePO4 , a poorly soluble form of P. The results showed large genotypic variation in plant growth, shoot P content, physiological P-use efficiency, and P-utilization efficiency in response to low P supply. Further investigation of a subset of 100 chickpea genotypes with contrasting growth performance showed significant differences in photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic P-use efficiency. A positive correlation was found between leaf P concentration and transpiration rate of the young fully expanded leaves. For the first time, our study has suggested a role of leaf transpiration in P acquisition, consistent with transpiration-driven mass flow in chickpea grown in low-P sandy soils. The identification of 6 genotypes with high plant growth, P-acquisition, and P-utilization efficiency suggests that the chickpea reference set can be used in breeding programmes to improve both P-acquisition and P-utilization efficiency under low-P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Emilien Bohuon
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Beauvais, Cedex 60000, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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126
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OsPIN1b is Involved in Rice Seminal Root Elongation by Regulating Root Apical Meristem Activity in Response to Low Nitrogen and Phosphate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13014. [PMID: 30158652 PMCID: PMC6115472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of plant root development to nutrient deficiencies is critical for crop production. Auxin, nitric oxide (NO), and strigolactones (SLs) are important regulators of root growth under low-nitrogen and -phosphate (LN and LP) conditions. Polar auxin transport in plants, which is mainly dependent on auxin efflux protein PINs, creates local auxin maxima to form the basis for root initiation and elongation; however, the PIN genes that play an important role in LN- and LP-modulated root growth remain unclear. qRT-PCR analysis of OsPIN family genes showed that the expression of OsPIN1b is most abundant in root tip and is significantly downregulated by LN, LP, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor), and GR24 (analogue of SLs) treatments. Seminal roots in ospin1b mutants were shorter than those of the wild type; and the seminal root, [3H]IAA transport, and IAA concentration responses to LN, LP, SNP, and GR24 application were attenuated in ospin1b-1 mutants. pCYCB1;1::GUS expression was upregulated by LN, LP, SNP, and GR24 treatments in wild type, but not in the ospin1b-1 mutant, suggesting that OsPIN1b is involved in auxin transport and acts as a downstream mediator of NO and SLs to induce meristem activity in root tip in rice under LN and LP.
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127
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Salinity and Low Phosphorus Differentially Affect Shoot and Root Traits in Two Wheat Cultivars with Contrasting Tolerance to Salt. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8080155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity and phosphorus (P) deficiency both have adverse effects on crop growth and productivity, but the interaction of soil salinity and P deficiency is not well known. Two P-inefficient wheat cultivars, Janz (salinity-tolerant) and Jandaroi (salinity-sensitive), grown in soil in rhizoboxes, were treated with either 100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress), from 10 days after sowing (DAS) until harvest at 40 DAS. Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments. The reduction was greater for low P supply than for salinity alone, but their interaction was not additive. The detrimental effects on root growth became apparent 10 days earlier in Jandaroi compared to Janz. Root length, root number, root length densities, and root number densities were higher in the upper 10 cm soil layer than in the lower layers for both cultivars. This study demonstrated that 10 µM P is more detrimental than 100 mM NaCl for shoot and root growth of both wheat cultivars irrespective of their difference in salinity tolerance.
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128
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Etesami H, Maheshwari DK. Use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with multiple plant growth promoting traits in stress agriculture: Action mechanisms and future prospects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:225-246. [PMID: 29554608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increased incidence of abiotic stresses impacting adversely plant growth and productivity in major crops is being witnessed all over the world. Therefore, as a result of such stress factors, plant growth under the stress conditions will be less than the non-stress conditions. Growing concerns and global demand for correct, environmentally-friendly techniques exist to reduce the adverse effects of plant stress. Under such stressful conditions, the role of interactions of plant and beneficial microorganisms is of great significance. Application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) is a useful option to decrease these stresses and is now widely in practice. Plants inoculated with PGPRs induce morphological and biochemical modifications resulting in increased tolerance to abiotic stresses defined as IST (induced systemic tolerance). PGPRs increase plant growth and resistance to abiotic stresses through various mechanisms (more than one mechanism of action) such as production of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase, reducing production of stress ethylene, modifications in phytohormonal content, induction of synthezing plant antioxidative enzymes, improvement in the uptake of essential mineral elements, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, decrease in the absorbtion of excess nutrients/heavy metals, and induction of abiotic stress resistance genes. Experimental evidence also suggests that stimulated plant growth by these bacteria is the net result of various mechanisms of action that are activated simultaneously. In this review paper, we reviewed the action mechanisms through which PGPRs could alleviate abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, heavy metal toxicity, and nutritional imbalance) in plants. Use of PGPRs is predicted to become a suitable strategy and an emerging trend in sustainable enhancement of plant growth. Generally, ACC deaminase and IAA-producing bacteria can be a good option for optimal crop production and production of bio-fertilizers in the future due to having multiple potentials in alleviating stresses of salinity, drought, nutrient imbalance, and heavy metals toxicity in plants. This review paper also emphasizes future research needs about the combined utilization of stress tolerant-PGPRs with multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics under environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Dinesh K Maheshwari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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129
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Regulation of Root Development and Architecture by Strigolactones under Optimal and Nutrient Deficiency Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071887. [PMID: 29954078 PMCID: PMC6073886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a group of plant hormones which are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Beside their role in shoot and root development and plant architecture in general, SLs are also involved in plant responses to nutrient deficiency by promoting interactions with symbiotic organisms and via promotion of root elongation. Recent observations on the cross talk between SLs and other hormones demonstrate that the inhibition of adventitious root formation by ethylene is independent of SLs. Additionally, it was shown that root exposure to SLs leads to the accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as flavonols or antioxidants. These data suggest pleiotropic effects of SLs, that influence root development. The discovery that the commonly used synthetic SL analogue racGR24 might also mimic the function of other plant growth regulators, such as karrikins, has led us to consider the previously published publications under the new aspects. This review summarizes present knowledge about the function of SLs in shaping root systems under optimal and nutrient deficiency conditions. Results which appear inconsistent with the various aspects of root development are singled out.
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130
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Fang Zhu X, Sheng Zhao X, Wu Q, Fang Shen R. Abscisic acid is involved in root cell wall phosphorus remobilization independent of nitric oxide and ethylene in rice (Oryza sativa). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:1361-1368. [PMID: 29562313 PMCID: PMC6007365 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-studied phytohormone demonstrated to be involved in sub-sets of stress responses in plants, such as iron (Fe) deficiency and phosphorus (P) deficiency in Arabidopsis. However, whether ABA is involved in P deficiency in rice has not been frequently studied. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism underlying ABA-aggravated P deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa). RESULTS P deficiency decreased ABA accumulation rapidly (within 1 h) in the roots. Exogenous ABA negatively regulated root and shoot soluble P contents by decreasing pectin content, inhibiting P deficiency-induced increases in pectin methylesterase activity and expression of the phosphate transporter gene-OsPT6, thereby decreasing the re-utilization of P from the cell wall and its translocation to the shoot. Moreover, neither the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside nor ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid had any effect on ABA accumulation, and application of ABA or the ABA inhibitor fluridone also had no effect on NO production and ethylene emission. CONCLUSIONS Under P deficiency, NO levels increase as quickly as ABA levels decrease, to inhibit both the ABA-induced reduction of pectin contents for the re-utilization of cell wall P and the ABA-induced down-regulation of OsPT6 for the translocation of P from roots to shoots. Overall, our results provide novel information indicating that the reduction of ABA under P deficiency is a very important pathway in the re-utilization of cell wall P in rice under P-deficient conditions, which should be a very effective mechanism for plant survival under P deficiency stress for common agronomic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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131
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Netzer F, Herschbach C, Oikawa A, Okazaki Y, Dubbert D, Saito K, Rennenberg H. Seasonal Alterations in Organic Phosphorus Metabolism Drive the Phosphorus Economy of Annual Growth in F. sylvatica Trees on P-Impoverished Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:723. [PMID: 29928284 PMCID: PMC5998604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macronutrients limiting plant growth and development, particularly in forest ecosystems such as temperate beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests in Central Europe. Efficient tree internal P cycling during annual growth is an important strategy of beech trees to adapt to low soil-P. Organic P (Porg) is thought to play a decisive role in P cycling, but the significance of individual compounds and processes has not been elucidated. To identify processes and metabolites involved in P cycling of beech trees, polar-metabolome and lipidome profiling was performed during annual growth with twig tissues from a sufficient (Conventwald, Con) and a low-soil-P (Tuttlingen, Tut) forest. Autumnal phospholipid degradation in leaves and P export from senescent leaves, accumulation of phospholipids and glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) in the bark, storage of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P) in the wood, and establishing of a phospholipid "start-up capital" in buds constitute main processes involved in P cycling that were enhanced in beech trees on low-P soil of the Tut forest. In spring, mobilization of P from storage pools in the bark contributed to an effective P cycling. Due to the higher phospholipid "start-up capital" in buds of Tut beeches, the P metabolite profile in developing leaves in spring was similar in beech trees of both forests. During summer, leaves of Tut beeches meet their phosphate (Pi) needs by replacing phospholipids by galacto- and sulfolipids. Thus, several processes contribute to adequate Pi supply on P impoverished soil thereby mediating similar growth of beech at low and sufficient soil-P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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132
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Anis GB, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li Z, Wu W, Sun L, Riaz A, Cao L, Cheng S. Genomic Regions Analysis of Seedling Root Traits and Their Regulation in Responses to Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerance in CSSL Population of Elite Super Hybrid Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051460. [PMID: 29757987 PMCID: PMC5983790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is the essential macro-element supporting rice productivity. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying related traits at the seedling stage under two different phosphorus levels was investigated in rice using a population of 76 Chromosomal Sequence Substitution Lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between the maintainer variety XieqingzaoB (P stress tolerant) and the restorer variety Zhonghui9308 (P stress sensitive); the parents of super hybrid rice Xieyou9308. A genetic linkage map with 120 DNA marker loci was constructed. At logarithmic odd (LOD) value of 2.0, a total of seven QTLs were detected for studied traits under two P levels and their relative ratio. The LOD values ranged from 2.00 to 3.32 and explaining 10.82% to 18.46% of phenotypic variation. Three QTLs were detected under low phosphorus (P−), one under normal (P+) and three under their relative ratio (P−/P+) on the rice chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 8 and 10. No significant QTLs were found for shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW). The pleiotropic QTLs influencing root number (qRN5) and root dry weight (qRDW5) as novel QTLs under P− level were detected near marker RM3638 on chromosome 5, which considered to directly contributing to phosphorus deficiency tolerance in rice. These QTLs need further analysis, including the fine mapping and cloning, which may use in molecular marker assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Bakr Anis
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Kafr Elsheikh 33717, Egypt.
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huimin Wang
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 210014, China.
| | - Zihe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aamir Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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133
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Ceasar SA. Feeding World Population Amidst Depleting Phosphate Reserves: The Role of Biotechnological Interventions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701812010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient affecting the growth and yield of all crop plants. Plants absorb P from the soil solution as inorganic phosphate (Pi). More than 70% of the arable land is deficient of Pi which demands the supply of an external source of synthetic P fertilizers to improve the yields. The P fertilizers are manufactured from non-renewable rock phosphate reserves which are expected to be exhausted within the next 100-200 years. This poses a great threat to food security since it is very difficult to meet the food production caused by increasing world population without the supply of an adequate P fertilizer. Several efforts have been made in the past decade to understand the mechanism of Pi uptake and its redistribution in plants. In this mini-review, we discuss the details on possible strategies to combat the crisis caused by loss of phosphate rock reserves and to improve the crop yield without much dependency on external P fertilizer. Approaches such as application of functional genomics studies to manipulate the expression levels of key transcription factors and genes involved in low Pi stress tolerance, molecular marker-assisted breeding to develop new varieties with improved yields under Pi-deficient soils and to recapture the Pi released in wastewaters for recycling back to the farm lands, will help improve the crop production without depending much on non-renewable P fertilizers and will also aid for the sustainable food production.
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134
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Jia KP, Baz L, Al-Babili S. From carotenoids to strigolactones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2189-2204. [PMID: 29253188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are phytohormones that regulate various plant developmental and adaptation processes. When released into soil, strigolactones act as chemical signals, attracting symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inducing seed germination in root-parasitic weeds. Strigolactones are carotenoid derivatives, characterized by the presence of a butenolide ring that is connected by an enol ether bridge to a less conserved second moiety. Carotenoids are isopenoid pigments that differ in structure, number of conjugated double bonds, and stereoconfiguration. Genetic analysis and enzymatic studies have demonstrated that strigolactones originate from all-trans-β-carotene in a pathway that involves the all-trans-/9-cis-β-carotene isomerase DWARF27 and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 and 8 (CCD7, 8). The CCD7-mediated, regiospecific and stereospecific double-bond cleavage of 9-cis-β-carotene leads to a 9-cis-configured intermediate that is converted by CCD8 via a combination of reactions into the central metabolite carlactone. By catalyzing repeated oxygenation reactions that can be coupled to ring closure, CYP711 enzymes convert carlactone into tricyclic-ring-containing canonical and non-canonical strigolactones. Modifying enzymes, which are mostly unknown, further increase the diversity of strigolactones. This review explores carotenogenesis, provides an update on strigolactone biosynthesis, with emphasis on the substrate specificity and reactions catalyzed by the different enzymes, and describes the regulation of the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Jia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Baz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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135
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Tandonnet JP, Marguerit E, Cookson SJ, Ollat N. Genetic architecture of aerial and root traits in field-grown grafted grapevines is largely independent. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:903-915. [PMID: 29305700 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-3046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
QTLs were identified for traits assessed on field-grown grafted grapevines. Root number and section had the largest phenotypic variance explained. Genetic control of root and aerial traits was independent. Breeding new rootstocks for perennial crops remains challenging, mainly because of the number of desirable traits which have to be combined, these traits include good rooting ability and root development. Consequently, the present study analyzes the genetic architecture of root traits in grapevine. A segregating progeny of 138 F1 genotypes issued from an inter-specific cross between Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon × V. riparia cv. Gloire de Montpellier, used as rootstock, was phenotyped in grafted plants grown for 2 years in the field. Seven traits, related to aerial and root development, were quantified. Heritability ranged between 0.44 for aerial biomass to 0.7 for root number. Total root number was related to the number of fine roots, while root biomass was related to the number of coarse roots. Significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for all the traits studied with some of them explaining approximately 20% of phenotypic variance. Only a single QTL co-localized for root and aerial biomass. Identified QTLs for aerial-to-root biomass ratio suggest that aerial and root traits are controlled independently. Genes known to be involved in auxin signaling pathways and phosphorus nutrition, whose orthologues were previously shown to regulate root development in Arabidopsis, were located in the confidence intervals of several QTLs. This study opens new perspectives for breeding rootstocks with improved root development capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Tandonnet
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Elisa Marguerit
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sarah J Cookson
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Ollat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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136
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Ramos-Artuso F, Galatro A, Buet A, Santa-María GE, Simontacchi M. Key acclimation responses to phosphorus deficiency in maize plants are influenced by exogenous nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:51-58. [PMID: 29407549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Improving phosphorus (P) acquisition and utilization in crops is of great importance in order to achieve a good plant nutritional state and maximize biomass production while minimizing the addition of fertilizers, and the concomitant risk of eutrophication. This study explores to which extent key processes involved in P-acquisition, and other acclimation mechanisms to low P supply in maize (Zea mays L.) plants, are affected by the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) donor (S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO). Plants grown in a complete culture solution were exposed to four treatments performed by the combination of two P levels (0 and 0.5 mM), and two GSNO levels (0 and 0.1 mM), and responses to P-deprivation were then studied. Major plant responses related to P-deprivation were affected by the presence of the NO donor. In roots, the activity of acid phosphatases was significantly increased in P-depleted plants simultaneously exposed to GSNO. Acidification of the culture solution also increased in plants that had been grown in the presence of the NO donor. Furthermore, the potential capability displayed by roots of P-deprived plants for P-uptake, was higher in the plants that had been treated with GSNO. These results indicate that exogenous NO addition affects fundamental acclimation responses of maize plants to P scarcity, particularly and positively those that help plants to sustain P-acquisition under low P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Diagonal 113 y 61, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Galatro
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Diagonal 113 y 61, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina; Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Agustina Buet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Diagonal 113 y 61, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino km 8.2, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, 7130, Argentina
| | - Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Diagonal 113 y 61, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
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137
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Parra-Londono S, Kavka M, Samans B, Snowdon R, Wieckhorst S, Uptmoor R. Sorghum root-system classification in contrasting P environments reveals three main rooting types and root-architecture-related marker-trait associations. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:267-280. [PMID: 29351588 PMCID: PMC5808808 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Roots facilitate acquisition of macro- and micronutrients, which are crucial for plant productivity and anchorage in the soil. Phosphorus (P) is rapidly immobilized in the soil and hardly available for plants. Adaptation to P scarcity relies on changes in root morphology towards rooting systems well suited for topsoil foraging. Root-system architecture (RSA) defines the spatial organization of the network comprising primary, lateral and stem-derived roots and is important for adaptation to stress conditions. RSA phenotyping is a challenging task and essential for understanding root development. METHODS In this study, 19 traits describing RSA were analysed in a diversity panel comprising 194 sorghum genotypes, fingerprinted with a 90-k single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and grown under low and high P availability. KEY RESULTS Multivariate analysis was conducted and revealed three different RSA types: (1) a small root system; (2) a compact and bushy rooting type; and (3) an exploratory root system, which might benefit plant growth and development if water, nitrogen (N) or P availability is limited. While several genotypes displayed similar rooting types in different environments, others responded to P scarcity positively by developing more exploratory root systems, or negatively with root growth suppression. Genome-wide association studies revealed significant quantitative trait loci (P < 2.9 × 10-6) on chromosomes SBI-02, SBI-03, SBI-05 and SBI-09. Co-localization of significant and suggestive (P < 5.7 × 10-5) associations for several traits indicated hotspots controlling root-system development on chromosomes SBI-02 and SBI-03. CONCLUSIONS Sorghum genotypes with a compact, bushy and shallow root system provide potential adaptation to P scarcity in the field by allowing thorough topsoil foraging, while genotypes with an exploratory root system may be advantageous if N or water is the limiting factor, although such genotypes showed highest P uptake levels under the artificial conditions of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mareike Kavka
- Chair of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Samans
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rod Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Uptmoor
- Chair of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- For correspondence. E-mail:
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138
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Ajmera I, Shi J, Giri J, Wu P, Stekel DJ, Lu C, Hodgman TC. Regulatory feedback response mechanisms to phosphate starvation in rice. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:4. [PMID: 29354282 PMCID: PMC5758793 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is a growth-limiting nutrient for plants. The growing scarcity of phosphate stocks threatens global food security. Phosphate-uptake regulation is so complex and incompletely known that attempts to improve phosphorus use efficiency have had extremely limited success. This study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying phosphate uptake by investigating the transcriptional dynamics of two regulators: the Ubiquitin ligase PHO2 and the long non-coding RNA IPS1. Temporal measurements of RNA levels have been integrated into mechanistic mathematical models using advanced statistical techniques. Models based solely on current knowledge could not adequately explain the temporal expression profiles. Further modeling and bioinformatics analysis have led to the prediction of three regulatory features: the PHO2 protein mediates the degradation of its own transcriptional activator to maintain constant PHO2 mRNA levels; the binding affinity of the transcriptional activator of PHO2 is impaired by a phosphate-sensitive transcriptional repressor/inhibitor; and the extremely high levels of IPS1 and its rapid disappearance upon Pi re-supply are best explained by Pi-sensitive RNA protection. This work offers both new opportunities for plant phosphate research that will be essential for informing the development of phosphate efficient crop varieties, and a foundation for the development of models integrating phosphate with other stress responses. Food security is a global priority. One aspect of this is the ability to grow crops in poorer soils with less fertilizer input, of which phosphate is both essential and resource limited. This study provides a quantitative understanding of the genetic regulation of phosphate uptake in rice upon its deficiency. The mathematical models developed in this article lead to three hypotheses for the gaps identified in current knowledge. One of these hypotheses has previously only been reported in animals while the other prompted laboratory experiments, revealing an extra level of regulation at short timescales. These models provide the basis for crop systems biologists to study other aspects of phosphate regulation, including its internal utilisation, external availability and foraging, and, more crucially, in response to other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Ajmera
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK.,2Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Jing Shi
- 3State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,4Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ping Wu
- 3State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK.,6School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - T Charlie Hodgman
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK.,2Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
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139
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Mroue S, Simeunovic A, Robert HS. Auxin production as an integrator of environmental cues for developmental growth regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:201-212. [PMID: 28992278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile organisms, plants have evolved mechanisms allowing them to control their growth and development in response to environmental changes. This occurs by means of complex interacting signalling networks that integrate diverse environmental cues into co-ordinated and highly regulated responses. Auxin is an essential phytohormone that functions as a signalling molecule, driving both growth and developmental processes. It is involved in numerous biological processes ranging from control of cell expansion and cell division to tissue specification, embryogenesis, and organ development. All these processes require the formation of auxin gradients established and maintained through the combined processes of biosynthesis, metabolism, and inter- and intracellular directional transport. Environmental conditions can profoundly affect the plant developmental programme, and the co-ordinated shoot and root growth ought to be fine-tuned to environmental challenges such as temperature, light, and nutrient and water content. The key role of auxin as an integrator of environmental signals has become clear in recent years, and emerging evidence implicates auxin biosynthesis as an essential component of the overall mechanisms of plants tolerance to stress. In this review, we provide an account of auxin's role as an integrator of environmental signals and, in particular, we highlight the effect of these signals on the control of auxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Mroue
- CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Simeunovic
- CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène S Robert
- CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, Brno, Czech Republic
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140
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Olatunji D, Geelen D, Verstraeten I. Control of Endogenous Auxin Levels in Plant Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2587. [PMID: 29194427 PMCID: PMC5751190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the different biosynthesis-related pathways that contribute to the regulation of endogenous auxin in plants. We demonstrate that all known genes involved in auxin biosynthesis also have a role in root formation, from the initiation of a root meristem during embryogenesis to the generation of a functional root system with a primary root, secondary lateral root branches and adventitious roots. Furthermore, the versatile adaptation of root development in response to environmental challenges is mediated by both local and distant control of auxin biosynthesis. In conclusion, auxin homeostasis mediated by spatial and temporal regulation of auxin biosynthesis plays a central role in determining root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Olatunji
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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141
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Żebrowska E, Milewska M, Ciereszko I. Mechanisms of oat ( Avena sativa L.) acclimation to phosphate deficiency. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3989. [PMID: 29109915 PMCID: PMC5671117 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of available forms of phosphorus is common in most soils and causes reduction of crop plants growth and yield. Recently, model plants responses to phosphate (Pi) deficiency have been intensively studied. However, acclimation mechanisms of cereals like oat (Avena sativa L.), to low Pi stress remains not fully understood. Oat plants have been usually cultured on poor soils, with a low nutrient content, but their responses to such conditions are not well known, therefore the main goal of the study was to investigate the mechanisms that enable oat plants to grow under low Pi conditions. METHODS Four oat cultivars (A. sativa, cv. Arab, Krezus, Rajtar and Szakal) were grown for three weeks in a nutrient media with various P sources: inorganic-KH2PO4 (control), organic-phytate (PA) and with no phosphate (-P). The effects of Pi deficiency on the level of P, oat growth parameters, intensity of photosynthesis, plant productivity, root exudation ability, localization, activity and isoforms of acid phosphatases, enzymes involved in Pi mobilization, were estimated. In addition, the effect of mycorrhization on plant growth was also observed. RESULTS All studied oat cultivars grown on Pi-deficient media had significantly decreased Pi content in the tissues. Pi deficiency caused inhibition of shoot growth, but generally it did not affect root elongation; root diameter was decreased, root/shoot ratios increased, whereas PA plants showed a similar growth to control. Photosynthesis rate and productivity parameters decreased under low Pi nutrition, however, sugar content generally increased. Studied oat cultivars did not respond to low Pi via increased exudation of carboxylates from the roots, as pH changes in the growth media were not observed. Pi starvation significantly increased the activity of extracellular and intracellular acid phosphatases (APases) in comparison to the control plants. Three major APase isoforms were detected in oat tissues and the isoform pattern was similar in all studied conditions, usually with a higher level of one of the isoforms under Pi starvation. Generally no significant effects of mycorrhizal colonization on growth of oat cultivars were observed. DISCUSSION We postulated that acid phosphatases played the most important role in oat cultivars acclimation to Pi deficiency, especially extracellular enzymes involved in Pi acquisition from soil organic P esters. These APases are mainly located in the epidermis of young roots, and may be released to the rhizosphere. On the other hand, intracellular APases could be involved in fast Pi remobilization from internal sources. Our study showed that oat, in contrast to other plants, can use phytates as the sole source of P. The studied oat cultivars demonstrated similar acclimation mechanisms to Pi deficiency, however, depending on stress level, they can use different pools of acid phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Milewska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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142
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Cabugao KG, Timm CM, Carrell AA, Childs J, Lu TYS, Pelletier DA, Weston DJ, Norby RJ. Root and Rhizosphere Bacterial Phosphatase Activity Varies with Tree Species and Soil Phosphorus Availability in Puerto Rico Tropical Forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1834. [PMID: 29163572 PMCID: PMC5670114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests generally occur on highly weathered soils that, in combination with the immobility of phosphorus (P), often result in soils lacking orthophosphate, the form of P most easily metabolized by plants and microbes. In these soils, mineralization of organic P can be the major source for orthophosphate. Both plants and microbes encode for phosphatases capable of mineralizing a range of organic P compounds. However, the activity of these enzymes depends on several edaphic factors including P availability, tree species, and microbial communities. Thus, phosphatase activity in both roots and the root microbial community constitute an important role in P mineralization and P nutrient dynamics that are not well studied in tropical forests. To relate phosphatase activity of roots and bacteria in tropical forests, we measured phosphatase activity in roots and bacterial isolates as well as bacterial community composition from the rhizosphere. Three forests in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico were selected to represent a range of soil P availability as measured using the resin P method. Within each site, a minimum of three tree species were chosen to sample. Root and bacterial phosphatase activity were both measured using a colorimetric assay with para-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate for the phosphomonoesterase enzyme. Both root and bacterial phosphatase were chiefly influenced by tree species. Though tree species was the only significant factor in root phosphatase activity, there was a negative trend between soil P availability and phosphatase activity in linear regressions of average root phosphatase and resin P. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance of bacterial community composition based on 16S amplicon sequencing indicated that bacterial composition was strongly controlled by soil P availability (p-value < 0.05). These results indicate that although root and bacterial phosphatase activity were influenced by tree species; bacterial community composition was chiefly influenced by P availability. Although the sample size is limited given the tremendous diversity of tropical forests, our study indicates the importance of roots and bacterial function to understanding phosphatase activity. Future work will broaden the diversity of tree species and microbial members sampled to provide insight into P mineralization and model representation of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine G. Cabugao
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Collin M. Timm
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Alyssa A. Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Joanne Childs
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Tse-Yuan S. Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Dale A. Pelletier
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - David J. Weston
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Richard J. Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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143
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Shehata HR, Dumigan C, Watts S, Raizada MN. An endophytic microbe from an unusual volcanic swamp corn seeks and inhabits root hair cells to extract rock phosphate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13479. [PMID: 29044186 PMCID: PMC5647395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the animal microbiome, localization of microbes to specific cell types is well established, but there are few such examples within the plant microbiome which includes endophytes. Endophytes are non-pathogenic microbes that inhabit plants. Root hairs are single cells, equivalent to the nutrient-absorbing intestinal microvilli of animals, used by plants to increase the root surface area for nutrient extraction from soil including phosphorus (P). There has been significant interest in the microbiome of intestinal microvilli but less is known about the root hair microbiome. Here we describe a bacterial endophyte (3F11) from Zea nicaraguensis, a wild corn discovered in a Nicaraguan swamp above rock-P lava flowing from the San Cristobal volcano. Rock-P is insoluble and a major challenge for plants. Following seed coating and germination on insoluble-P, the endophyte colonized epidermal surfaces, ultimately colonizing root hairs intracellularly. The endophyte promoted root hair growth and secreted acids to solubilize rock-P for uptake by a larger root hair surface. The most interesting observation was that a seed-coated endophyte targeted and colonized a critical cell type, root hair cells, consistent with earlier studies. The endophyte maintained its targeting ability in two evolutionary divergent hosts, suggesting that the host recognition machinery is conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R Shehata
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Christopher Dumigan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sophia Watts
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manish N Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Canales J, Contreras-López O, Álvarez JM, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate induction of root hair density is mediated by TGA1/TGA4 and CPC transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:305-316. [PMID: 28771873 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are specialized cells that are important for nutrient uptake. It is well established that nutrients such as phosphate have a great influence on root hair development in many plant species. Here we investigated the role of nitrate on root hair development at a physiological and molecular level. We showed that nitrate increases root hair density in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that two different root hair defective mutants have significantly less nitrate than wild-type plants, suggesting that in A. thaliana root hairs have an important role in the capacity to acquire nitrate. Nitrate reductase-null mutants exhibited nitrate-dependent root hair phenotypes comparable with wild-type plants, indicating that nitrate is the signal that leads to increased formation of root hairs. We examined the role of two key regulators of root hair cell fate, CPC and WER, in response to nitrate treatments. Phenotypic analyses of these mutants showed that CPC is essential for nitrate-induced responses of root hair development. Moreover, we showed that NRT1.1 and TGA1/TGA4 are required for pathways that induce root hair development by suppression of longitudinal elongation of trichoblast cells in response to nitrate treatments. Our results prompted a model where nitrate signaling via TGA1/TGA4 directly regulates the CPC root hair cell fate specification gene to increase formation of root hairs in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Canales
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Orlando Contreras-López
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Álvarez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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145
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Cui W, Guan C, Mao W, Zhang Z. Improvement in Fruit Quality by Overexpressing miR399a in Woodland Strawberry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7361-7370. [PMID: 28783952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fruit quality is an important trait in strawberry and is determined by many factors. The soluble solid content in strawberry fruits is positively related to the phosphorus content. MicroRNA399 (miR399) is involved in the regulation of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis. However, the effect of miR399 on strawberry quality remains unknown. In this study, miR399a-overexpressing transgenic woodland strawberries (Fragaria vesca) were obtained via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The phosphorus (P) content was 1.1-fold to 2.1-fold higher in the leaves and fruits of the miR399a-overexpressing plants than in the wild type (WT). However, the P content in the miR399a-overexpressing plants was decreased by 25% to 45% in the roots. The primary root length of the transgenic lines in both the high-Pi and low-Pi media was shorter than that of the WT. Interestingly, the transgenic lines in pots under Pi-sufficient conditions grew better than the WT, and the fruit quality, including the contents of fructose and glucose and soluble solid, was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in the WT. The overexpression of miR399a in strawberry can be used to improve the parameters involved in fruit quality and provides information regarding breeding nutrient-improved strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weixu Cui
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chunyue Guan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenjuan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, China
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146
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Saeed W, Naseem S, Ali Z. Strigolactones Biosynthesis and Their Role in Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants: A Critical Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1487. [PMID: 28894457 PMCID: PMC5581504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), being a new class of plant hormones, play regulatory roles against abiotic stresses in plants. There are multiple hormonal response pathways, which are adapted by the plants to overcome these stressful environmental constraints to reduce the negative impact on overall crop plant productivity. Genetic modulation of the SLs could also be applied as a potential approach in this regard. However, endogenous plant hormones play central roles in adaptation to changing environmental conditions, by mediating growth, development, nutrient allocation, and source/sink transitions. In addition, the hormonal interactions can fine-tune the plant response and determine plant architecture in response to environmental stimuli such as nutrient deprivation and canopy shade. Considerable advancements and new insights into SLs biosynthesis, signaling and transport has been unleashed since the initial discovery. In this review we present basic overview of SL biosynthesis and perception with a detailed discussion on our present understanding of SLs and their critical role to tolerate environmental constraints. The SLs and abscisic acid interplay during the abiotic stresses is particularly highlighted. Main Conclusion: More than shoot branching Strigolactones have uttermost capacity to harmonize stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
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147
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Ramakrishnan M, Ceasar SA, Vinod KK, Duraipandiyan V, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Upadhyaya HD, Al-Dhabi NA, Ignacimuthu S. Identification of putative QTLs for seedling stage phosphorus starvation response in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) by association mapping and cross species synteny analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183261. [PMID: 28820887 PMCID: PMC5562303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A germplasm assembly of 128 finger millet genotypes from 18 countries was evaluated for seedling-stage phosphorus (P) responses by growing them in P sufficient (Psuf) and P deficient (Pdef) treatments. Majority of the genotypes showed adaptive responses to low P condition. Based on phenotype behaviour using the best linear unbiased predictors for each trait, genotypes were classified into, P responsive, low P tolerant and P non-responsive types. Based on the overall phenotype performance under Pdef, 10 genotypes were identified as low P tolerants. The low P tolerant genotypes were characterised by increased shoot and root length and increased root hair induction with longer root hairs under Pdef, than under Psuf. Association mapping of P response traits using mixed linear models revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Two QTLs (qLRDW.1 and qLRDW.2) for low P response affecting root dry weight explained over 10% phenotypic variation. In silico synteny analysis across grass genomes for these QTLs identified putative candidate genes such as Ser-Thr kinase and transcription factors such as WRKY and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH). The QTLs for response under Psuf were mapped for traits such as shoot dry weight (qHSDW.1) and root length (qHRL.1). Putative associations of these QTLs over the syntenous regions on the grass genomes revealed proximity to cytochrome P450, phosphate transporter and pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) genes. This is the first report of the extent of phenotypic variability for P response in finger millet genotypes during seedling-stage, along with the QTLs and putative candidate genes associated with P starvation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - S. Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - K. K. Vinod
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Duraipandiyan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - T. P. Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Hari D. Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - N. A. Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Ignacimuthu
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
- The International Scientific Partnership Program (ISPP), King Saud University, Vice-19 Rectorate for Graduate studies and Research, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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148
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Sun Y, Peng S, Goll DS, Ciais P, Guenet B, Guimberteau M, Hinsinger P, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J, Piao S, Poulter B, Violette A, Yang X, Yin Y, Zeng H. Diagnosing phosphorus limitations in natural terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle models. EARTH'S FUTURE 2017; 5:730-749. [PMID: 28989942 PMCID: PMC5606506 DOI: 10.1002/2016ef000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most of the Earth System Models (ESMs) project increases in net primary productivity (NPP) and terrestrial carbon (C) storage during the 21st century. Despite empirical evidence that limited availability of phosphorus (P) may limit the response of NPP to increasing atmospheric CO2, none of the ESMs used in the previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment accounted for P limitation. We diagnosed from ESM simulations the amount of P need to support increases in carbon uptake by natural ecosystems using two approaches: the demand derived from (1) changes in C stocks and (2) changes in NPP. The C stock-based additional P demand was estimated to range between -31 and 193 Tg P and between -89 and 262 Tg P for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively, with negative values indicating a P surplus. The NPP-based demand, which takes ecosystem P recycling into account, results in a significantly higher P demand of 648-1606 Tg P for RCP2.6 and 924-2110 Tg P for RCP8.5. We found that the P demand is sensitive to the turnover of P in decomposing plant material, explaining the large differences between the NPP-based demand and C stock-based demand. The discrepancy between diagnosed P demand and actual P availability (potential P deficit) depends mainly on the assumptions about availability of the different soil P forms. Overall, future P limitation strongly depends on both soil P availability and P recycling on ecosystem scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Sino‐French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino‐French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Daniel S. Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Matthieu Guimberteau
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
- UPMC, CNRS, EPHESorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
| | | | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐UABCataloniaSpain
- CREAFCataloniaSpain
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino‐French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Institute on Ecosystems and the Department of EcologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Aurélie Violette
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | | | - Yi Yin
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Hui Zeng
- Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhenChina
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149
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Heuer S, Gaxiola R, Schilling R, Herrera-Estrella L, López-Arredondo D, Wissuwa M, Delhaize E, Rouached H. Improving phosphorus use efficiency: a complex trait with emerging opportunities. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:868-885. [PMID: 27859875 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients for plants, and is indispensable for plant growth and development. P deficiency severely limits crop yield, and regular fertilizer applications are required to obtain high yields and to prevent soil degradation. To access P from the soil, plants have evolved high- and low-affinity Pi transporters and the ability to induce root architectural changes to forage P. Also, adjustments of numerous cellular processes are triggered by the P starvation response, a tightly regulated process in plants. With the increasing demand for food as a result of a growing population, the demand for P fertilizer is steadily increasing. Given the high costs of fertilizers and in light of the fact that phosphate rock, the source of P fertilizer, is a finite natural resource, there is a need to enhance P fertilizer use efficiency in agricultural systems and to develop plants with enhanced Pi uptake and internal P-use efficiency (PUE). In this review we will provide an overview of continuing relevant research and highlight different approaches towards developing crops with enhanced PUE. In this context, we will summarize our current understanding of root responses to low phosphorus conditions and will emphasize the importance of combining PUE with tolerance of other stresses, such as aluminum toxicity. Of the many genes associated with Pi deficiency, this review will focus on those that hold promise or are already at an advanced stage of testing (OsPSTOL1, AVP1, PHO1 and OsPHT1;6). Finally, an update is provided on the progress made exploring alternative technologies, such as phosphite fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Heuer
- University of Adelaide / Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), PMB 1, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
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150
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Wang J, Pei L, Jin Z, Zhang K, Zhang J. Overexpression of the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit a gene ZmPP2AA1 improves low phosphate tolerance by remodeling the root system architecture of maize. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176538. [PMID: 28448624 PMCID: PMC5407761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) limitation is a constraint for plant growth and development in many natural and agricultural ecosystems. In this study, a gene encoding Zea mays L. protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit A, designated ZmPP2AA1, was induced in roots by low Pi availability. The function of the ZmPP2AA1 gene in maize was analyzed using overexpression and RNA interference. ZmPP2AA1 modulated root gravitropism, negatively regulated primary root (PR) growth, and stimulated the development of lateral roots (LRs). A detailed characterization of the root system architecture (RSA) in response to different Pi concentrations with or without indole-3-acetic acid and 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid revealed that auxin was involved in the RSA response to low Pi availability. Overexpression of ZmPP2AA1 enhanced tolerance to Pi starvation in transgenic maize in hydroponic and soil pot experiments. An increased dry weight (DW), root-to-shoot ratio, and total P content and concentration, along with a delayed and reduced accumulation of anthocyanin in overexpressing transgenic maize plants coincided with their highly branched root system and increased Pi uptake capability under low Pi conditions. Inflorescence development of the ZmPP2AA1 overexpressing line was less affected by low Pi stress, resulting in higher grain yield per plant under Pi deprivation. These data reveal the biological function of ZmPP2AA1, provide insights into a linkage between auxin and low Pi responses, and drive new strategies for the efficient utilization of Pi by maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
| | - Laming Pei
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
| | - Juren Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Enhancement, Jinan, China
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