101
|
Muller AWJ. Cancer is an adaptation that selects in animals against energy dissipation. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:104-115. [PMID: 28673566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As cancer usually follows reproduction, it is generally assumed that cancer does not select. Graham has however argued that juvenile cancer, which precedes reproduction, could during evolution have implemented a "cancer selection" that resulted in novel traits that suppress this juvenile cancer; an example is protection against UV sunlight-induced cancer, required for the emergence of terrestrial animals from the sea. We modify the cancer selection mechanism to the posited "cancer adaptation" mechanism, in which juvenile mortality is enhanced through the diminished care received by juveniles from their (grand) parents when these suffer from cancer in old age. Moreover, it is posited that the cancer adaptation selects against germline "dissipative genes", genes that result in enhanced free energy dissipation. Cancer's progression is interpreted as a cascade at increasing scale of repeated amplification of energy dissipation, a cascade involving heat shock, the Warburg effect, the cytokine IL-6, tumours, and hypermetabolism. Disturbance of any physiological process must enhance energy dissipation if the animal remains functioning normally, what explains multicausality, why "everything gives you cancer". The hypothesis thus comprises two newly invoked partial processes-diminished (grand) parental care and dissipation amplification-and results in a "selection against enhanced energy dissipation" which gives during evolution the benefit of energy conservation. Due to this benefit, cancer would essentially be an adaptation, and not a genetic disease, as assumed in the "somatic mutation theory". Cancer by somatic mutations is only a side process. The cancer adaptation hypothesis is substantiated by (1) cancer's extancy, (2) the failure of the somatic mutation theory, (3) cancer's initiation by a high temperature, (4) the interpretation of cancer's progression as a thermal process, and (5) the interpretation of tumours as organs that implement thermogenesis. The hypothesis could in principle be verified by monitoring in a population over several generations (1) the presence of dissipative genes, (2) the incidence of cancer, and (3) the beneficial effect of dissipative gene removal by cancer on starvation/famine survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthonie W J Muller
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Scelo G, Purdue MP, Brown KM, Johansson M, Wang Z, Eckel-Passow JE, Ye Y, Hofmann JN, Choi J, Foll M, Gaborieau V, Machiela MJ, Colli LM, Li P, Sampson JN, Abedi-Ardekani B, Besse C, Blanche H, Boland A, Burdette L, Chabrier A, Durand G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Prokhortchouk E, Robinot N, Skryabin KG, Wozniak MB, Yeager M, Basta-Jovanovic G, Dzamic Z, Foretova L, Holcatova I, Janout V, Mates D, Mukeriya A, Rascu S, Zaridze D, Bencko V, Cybulski C, Fabianova E, Jinga V, Lissowska J, Lubinski J, Navratilova M, Rudnai P, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Benhamou S, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Baglietto L, Boeing H, Khaw KT, Weiderpass E, Ljungberg B, Sitaram RT, Bruinsma F, Jordan SJ, Severi G, Winship I, Hveem K, Vatten LJ, Fletcher T, Koppova K, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Banks RE, Selby PJ, Easton DF, Pharoah P, Andreotti G, Freeman LEB, Koutros S, Albanes D, Männistö S, Weinstein S, Clark PE, Edwards TL, Lipworth L, Gapstur SM, Stevens VL, Carol H, Freedman ML, Pomerantz MM, Cho E, Kraft P, Preston MA, Wilson KM, Michael Gaziano J, Sesso HD, Black A, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Anema JG, Kahnoski RJ, Lane BR, Noyes SL, Petillo D, Teh BT, Peters U, White E, Anderson GL, Johnson L, Luo J, Buring J, Lee IM, Chow WH, Moore LE, Wood C, Eisen T, Henrion M, Larkin J, Barman P, Leibovich BC, Choueiri TK, Mark Lathrop G, Rothman N, Deleuze JF, McKay JD, Parker AS, Wu X, Houlston RS, Brennan P, Chanock SJ. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15724. [PMID: 28598434 PMCID: PMC5472706 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified six risk loci for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of two new scans of 5,198 cases and 7,331 controls together with four existing scans, totalling 10,784 cases and 20,406 controls of European ancestry. Twenty-four loci were tested in an additional 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls. We confirm the six known RCC risk loci and identify seven new loci at 1p32.3 (rs4381241, P=3.1 × 10-10), 3p22.1 (rs67311347, P=2.5 × 10-8), 3q26.2 (rs10936602, P=8.8 × 10-9), 8p21.3 (rs2241261, P=5.8 × 10-9), 10q24.33-q25.1 (rs11813268, P=3.9 × 10-8), 11q22.3 (rs74911261, P=2.1 × 10-10) and 14q24.2 (rs4903064, P=2.2 × 10-24). Expression quantitative trait analyses suggest plausible candidate genes at these regions that may contribute to RCC susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kevin M. Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mitchell J. Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Leandro M. Colli
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Peng Li
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Celine Besse
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Helene Blanche
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Amelie Chabrier
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Egor Prokhortchouk
- Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | - Konstantin G. Skryabin
- Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Zoran Dzamic
- Clinical Center of Serbia (KCS), Clinic of Urology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anush Mukeriya
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Stefan Rascu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - David Zaridze
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Bencko
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, 975 56 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Simone Benhamou
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, Unité Variabilité Génétique et Maladies Humaines, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 GRC n°5, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, 0304 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Borje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raviprakash T. Sitaram
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Susan J. Jordan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Lars J. Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, 975 56 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosamonde E. Banks
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter J. Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Peter E. Clark
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37209, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | | | | | - Hallie Carol
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Eunyoung Cho
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mark A. Preston
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Wilson
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John G. Anema
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | | | - Brian R. Lane
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Sabrina L. Noyes
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - David Petillo
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Garnet L. Anderson
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Johnson
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Julie Buring
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
| | - Lee E. Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Eisen
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marc Henrion
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - James Larkin
- Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Poulami Barman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Bradley C. Leibovich
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | | | - G. Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 91057 Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - James D. McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Alexander S. Parker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Zhu M, Yan C, Ren C, Huang X, Zhu X, Gu H, Wang M, Wang S, Gao Y, Ji Y, Miao X, Yang M, Chen J, Du J, Huang T, Jiang Y, Dai J, Ma H, Zhou J, Wang Z, Hu Z, Ji G, Zhang Z, Shen H, Shi Y, Jin G. Exome Array Analysis Identifies Variants in SPOCD1 and BTN3A2 That Affect Risk for Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:2011-2021. [PMID: 28246015 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several genetic variants have been associated with gastric cancer risk, although these account for only a fraction of cases of gastric cancer. We aimed to identify low-frequency and other genetic variants that determine gastric cancer susceptibility. METHODS We performed exome array analysis of DNA in blood samples from 1113 patients with gastric cancer, collected at hospitals from 2006 to 2010 in China, and 1848 individuals without cancer (controls) undergoing physical examinations. Among 71,290 variants analyzed (including 25,784 common variants), 24 variants were selected and replicated in an analysis of DNA in blood samples from 4687 additional cases of gastric cancer and 5780 controls. We compared expression of candidate genes in tumor vs normal gastric tissues using data from TCGA and performed functional annotation analyses. An immortalized human gastric epithelial cell line (GES1) and 7 human gastric cancer lines were used to express transgenes, knock down gene expression (with small interfering RNAs), disrupt genes (using the CRISPR/Cas9 system), or assess expression of reporter constructs. We measured cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration, and assessed growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. RESULTS A low-frequency missense variant rs112754928 in the SPOC domain containing 1 gene (SPOCD1; encoding p.Arg71Trp), at 1p35.2, was reproducibly associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio, 0.56; P = 3.48 × 10-8). SPOCD1 was overexpressed in gastric tumors, and knockout of SPOCD1 reduced gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasive activity, and migration, as well as growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. We also associated the variant rs1679709 at 6p22.1 with reduced risk for gastric cancer (odds ratio, 0.80; P = 1.17 × 10-13). The protective allele rs1679709-A correlated with the surrounding haplotype rs2799077-T-rs2799079-C, which reduced the enhancer activity of this site to decrease expression of the butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2 gene (BTN3A2). BTN3A2 is overexpressed in gastric tumors, and deletion of BTN3A2 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We have associated variants at 1p35.2 and 6p22.1 with gastric cancer risk, indicating a role for SPOCD1 and BTN3A2 in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiwang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Clinical Medical Testing Laboratory, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyong Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Mhatre S, Chatterjee N, Dikshit R, Rajaraman† P. Genetics of gallbladder cancer – Authors' reply. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e297. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
105
|
Deming Y, Li Z, Kapoor M, Harari O, Del-Aguila JL, Black K, Carrell D, Cai Y, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Ma S, Saef B, Howells B, Huang KL, Bertelsen S, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Kim S, Saykin AJ, De Jager PL, Albert M, Moghekar A, O'Brien R, Riemenschneider M, Petersen RC, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Minthon L, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Schellenberg G, Haines JL, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Peskind ER, Li G, Di Narzo AF, Kauwe JSK, Goate AM, Cruchaga C. Genome-wide association study identifies four novel loci associated with Alzheimer's endophenotypes and disease modifiers. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:839-856. [PMID: 28247064 PMCID: PMC5613285 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 genetic loci have been associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but reported genome-wide significant loci do not account for all the estimated heritability and provide little information about underlying biological mechanisms. Genetic studies using intermediate quantitative traits such as biomarkers, or endophenotypes, benefit from increased statistical power to identify variants that may not pass the stringent multiple test correction in case-control studies. Endophenotypes also contain additional information helpful for identifying variants and genes associated with other aspects of disease, such as rate of progression or onset, and provide context to interpret the results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We conducted GWAS of amyloid beta (Aβ42), tau, and phosphorylated tau (ptau181) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 3146 participants across nine studies to identify novel variants associated with AD. Five genome-wide significant loci (two novel) were associated with ptau181, including loci that have also been associated with AD risk or brain-related phenotypes. Two novel loci associated with Aβ42 near GLIS1 on 1p32.3 (β = -0.059, P = 2.08 × 10-8) and within SERPINB1 on 6p25 (β = -0.025, P = 1.72 × 10-8) were also associated with AD risk (GLIS1: OR = 1.105, P = 3.43 × 10-2), disease progression (GLIS1: β = 0.277, P = 1.92 × 10-2), and age at onset (SERPINB1: β = 0.043, P = 4.62 × 10-3). Bioinformatics indicate that the intronic SERPINB1 variant (rs316341) affects expression of SERPINB1 in various tissues, including the hippocampus, suggesting that SERPINB1 influences AD through an Aβ-associated mechanism. Analyses of known AD risk loci suggest CLU and FERMT2 may influence CSF Aβ42 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively) and the INPP5D locus may affect ptau181 levels (P = 0.009); larger studies are necessary to verify these results. Together the findings from this study can be used to inform future AD studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zeran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David Carrell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yefei Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shengmei Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bill Howells
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kuan-Lin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of New York, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Institute for the Neurosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard University and M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke Medical Center, Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia Man-Yee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine (Genetics Program), Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VISN-20 Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio F Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Mhatre S, Wang Z, Nagrani R, Badwe R, Chiplunkar S, Mittal B, Yadav S, Zhang H, Chung CC, Patil P, Chanock S, Dikshit R, Chatterjee N, Rajaraman P. Common genetic variation and risk of gallbladder cancer in India: a case-control genome-wide association study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:535-544. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
107
|
Jones SJ, Voong J, Thomas R, English A, Schuetz J, Slack GW, Graham J, Connors JM, Brooks-Wilson A. Nonrandom occurrence of lymphoid cancer types in 140 families. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:1-10. [PMID: 28278712 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1281412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied 140 families with two or more lymphoid cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma (MM), for deviation from the population age of onset and lymphoid cancer co-occurrence patterns. Median familial NHL, HL, CLL and MM ages of onset are substantially earlier than comparable population data. NHL, HL and CLL (but not MM) also show earlier age of onset in later generations, known as anticipation. The co-occurrence of lymphoid cancers is significantly different from that expected based on population frequencies (p < .0001), and the pattern differs more in families with more affected members (p < .0001), suggesting specific lymphoid cancer combinations have a shared genetic basis. These families provide evidence for inherited factors that increase the risk of multiple lymphoid cancers. This study was approved by the BC Cancer Agency - University of British Columbia Clinical Research Ethics Board.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Jones
- a Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,b Department of Medical Genetics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Jackson Voong
- c Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Ruth Thomas
- a Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Amy English
- a Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Johanna Schuetz
- a Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Graham W Slack
- d Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,e Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine , British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Jinko Graham
- c Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Joseph M Connors
- d Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- a Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,f Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Frank C, Sundquist J, Yu H, Hemminki A, Hemminki K. Concordant and discordant familial cancer: Familial risks, proportions and population impact. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1510-1516. [PMID: 28006863 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Relatives of cancer patients are at an increased risk of the same (concordant) cancer but whether they are at a risk for different (discordant) cancers is largely unknown - beyond well characterized hereditary cancer syndromes - but would be of major scientific and clinical interest. We therefore decided to resolve the issue by analyzing familial risks when family members were diagnosed with any discordant cancers. We compared the population impact of concordant to discordant familial cancer. The Swedish Family-Cancer Database (FCD) was used to calculate familial relative risks (RRs) for family members of cancer patients, for the 27 most common cancers. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated for concordant and discordant family histories. Discordant cancers in the family were detected as significant risk factors for the majority of cancers, although the corresponding RRs were modest compared to RRs for concordant cancers. Risks increased with the number of affected family members with the highest RRs for pancreatic (2.31), lung (1.69), kidney (1.98), nervous system (1.79) and thyroid cancers (3.28), when 5 or more family members were diagnosed with discordant cancers. For most cancers, the PAF for discordant family history exceeded that for concordant family history. Our findings suggest that there is an unspecific genetic predisposition to cancer with clinical consequences. We consider it unlikely that shared environmental risk factors could essentially contribute to the risks for diverse discordant cancers, which are likely driven by genetic predisposition. The identification of genes that moderately increase the risk for many cancers will be a challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Frank
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 94305-5705, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hongyao Yu
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Dai J, Shen W, Wen W, Chang J, Wang T, Chen H, Jin G, Ma H, Wu C, Li L, Song F, Zeng Y, Jiang Y, Chen J, Wang C, Zhu M, Zhou W, Du J, Xiang Y, Shu XO, Hu Z, Zhou W, Chen K, Xu J, Jia W, Lin D, Zheng W, Shen H. Estimation of heritability for nine common cancers using data from genome-wide association studies in Chinese population. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:329-336. [PMID: 27668986 PMCID: PMC5536238 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The familial aggregation indicated the inheritance of cancer risk. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified a number of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Following heritability analyses have shown that SNPs could explain a moderate amount of variance for different cancer phenotypes among Caucasians. However, little information was available in Chinese population. We performed a genome-wide complex trait analysis for common cancers at nine anatomical sites in Chinese population (14,629 cancer cases vs. 17,554 controls) and estimated the heritability of these cancers based on the common SNPs. We found that common SNPs explained certain amount of heritability with significance for all nine cancer sites: gastric cancer (20.26%), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (19.86%), colorectal cancer (16.30%), lung cancer (LC) (15.17%), and epithelial ovarian cancer (13.31%), and a similar heritability around 10% for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We found that nearly or less than 25% change was shown when removing the regions expanding 250 kb or 500 kb upward and downward of the GWAS-reported SNPs. We also found strong linear correlations between variance partitioned by each chromosome and chromosomal length only for LC (R2 = 0.641, p = 0.001) and esophageal squamous cell cancer (R2 = 0.633, p = 0.002), which implied us the complex heterogeneity of cancers. These results indicate polygenic genetic architecture of the nine common cancers in Chinese population. Further efforts should be made to discover the hidden heritability of different cancer types among Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University of Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - YiXin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University of Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University of Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Shi J, Park JH, Duan J, Berndt ST, Moy W, Yu K, Song L, Wheeler W, Hua X, Silverman D, Garcia-Closas M, Hsiung CA, Figueroa JD, Cortessis VK, Malats N, Karagas MR, Vineis P, Chang IS, Lin D, Zhou B, Seow A, Matsuo K, Hong YC, Caporaso NE, Wolpin B, Jacobs E, Petersen GM, Klein AP, Li D, Risch H, Sanders AR, Hsu L, Schoen RE, Brenner H, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Gejman P, Lan Q, Rothman N, Amundadottir LT, Landi MT, Levinson DF, Chanock SJ, Chatterjee N. Winner's Curse Correction and Variable Thresholding Improve Performance of Polygenic Risk Modeling Based on Genome-Wide Association Study Summary-Level Data. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006493. [PMID: 28036406 PMCID: PMC5201242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent heritability analyses have indicated that genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have the potential to improve genetic risk prediction for complex diseases based on polygenic risk score (PRS), a simple modelling technique that can be implemented using summary-level data from the discovery samples. We herein propose modifications to improve the performance of PRS. We introduce threshold-dependent winner's-curse adjustments for marginal association coefficients that are used to weight the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PRS. Further, as a way to incorporate external functional/annotation knowledge that could identify subsets of SNPs highly enriched for associations, we propose variable thresholds for SNPs selection. We applied our methods to GWAS summary-level data of 14 complex diseases. Across all diseases, a simple winner's curse correction uniformly led to enhancement of performance of the models, whereas incorporation of functional SNPs was beneficial only for selected diseases. Compared to the standard PRS algorithm, the proposed methods in combination led to notable gain in efficiency (25-50% increase in the prediction R2) for 5 of 14 diseases. As an example, for GWAS of type 2 diabetes, winner's curse correction improved prediction R2 from 2.29% based on the standard PRS to 3.10% (P = 0.0017) and incorporating functional annotation data further improved R2 to 3.53% (P = 2×10-5). Our simulation studies illustrate why differential treatment of certain categories of functional SNPs, even when shown to be highly enriched for GWAS-heritability, does not lead to proportionate improvement in genetic risk-prediction because of non-uniform linkage disequilibrium structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JS); (NC)
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, North Shore University Health System Research Institute, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sonja T. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Winton Moy
- Dept. of Statistics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William Wheeler
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Debra Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria K. Cortessis
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gloria M. Petersen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harvey Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, North Shore University Health System Research Institute, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pablo Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, North Shore University Health System Research Institute, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laufey T. Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas F. Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JS); (NC)
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Kanemoto K, Fukuta K, Kawai N, Tozawa K, Ochiai M, Okamoto K, Ohnami S, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, Kanai Y, Katoh M, Yasui T, Kohri K, Kakizoe T, Nakagama H. Genomic Landscape of Experimental Bladder Cancer in Rodents and Its Application to Human Bladder Cancer: Gene Amplification and Potential Overexpression of Cyp2a5/CYP2A6 Are Associated with the Invasive Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167374. [PMID: 27902773 PMCID: PMC5130269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle invasive (superficial) bladder cancer is a low-grade malignancy with good prognosis, while muscle invasive (invasive) bladder cancer is a high-grade malignancy with poor prognosis. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) induces superficial bladder cancers with papillary morphology in rats and invasive bladder cancers with infiltrating phenotype in mice. In this study, we analyzed genomic landscapes of rodent BBN-induced bladder cancers using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). While no significant copy number alterations were detected in superficial bladder tumors in rats, copy number gains in chromosomal regions 2D-E1, 7qA3, 9F2, and 11C-D were detected in invasive bladder tumors in mice. Amplification of representative genes located on 2D-E1 and 7qA3 chromosomal regions was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Cyp2a22 and Cyp2a5 genes but not Cyp2g1, Cyp2a12, and Rab4b genes on mouse chromosome 7qA3 were amplified in invasive bladder cancers. Although the human ortholog gene of Cyp2a22 has not been confirmed, the mouse Cyp2a5 gene is the ortholog of the human CYP2A6 gene located in chromosomal region 19q13.2, and CYP2A6 was identified by database search as one of the closest human homolog to mouse Cyp2a22. Considering a possibility that this region may be related to mouse 7qA3, we analyzed CYP2A6 copy number and expression in human bladder cancer using cell lines and resected tumor specimens. Although only one of eight cell lines showed more than one copy increase of the CYP2A6 gene, CYP2A6 amplification was detected in six out of 18 primary bladder tumors where it was associated with the invasive phenotype. Immunohistochemical analyses of 118 primary bladder tumors revealed that CYP2A6 protein expression was also higher in invasive tumors, especially in those of the scattered type. Together, these findings indicate that the amplification and overexpression of the CYP2A6 gene are characteristic of human bladder cancers with increased malignancy and that CYP2A6 can be a candidate prognostic biomarker in this type of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kanemoto
- Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Fukuta
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kawai
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tozawa
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masako Ochiai
- Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Ohnami
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadao Kakizoe
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Hjelmborg J, Korhonen T, Holst K, Skytthe A, Pukkala E, Kutschke J, Harris JR, Mucci LA, Christensen K, Czene K, Adami HO, Scheike T, Kaprio J. Lung cancer, genetic predisposition and smoking: the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer. Thorax 2016; 72:1021-1027. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
113
|
Teras LR, DeSantis CE, Cerhan JR, Morton LM, Jemal A, Flowers CR. 2016 US lymphoid malignancy statistics by World Health Organization subtypes. CA Cancer J Clin 2016; 66:443-459. [PMID: 27618563 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collectively, lymphoid neoplasms are the fourth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The authors provide contemporary lymphoid neoplasm statistics by subtype based on the 2008 World Health Organization classifications, including the most current US incidence and survival data. Presented for the first time are estimates of the total numbers of US lymphoid neoplasm cases by subtype as well as a detailed evaluation of incidence and survival statistics. In 2016, 136,960 new lymphoid neoplasms are expected. Overall lymphoma incidence rates have declined in recent years, but trends vary by subtype. Precursor lymphoid neoplasm incidence rates increased from 2001 to 2012, particularly for B-cell neoplasms. Among the mature lymphoid neoplasms, the fastest increase was for plasma cell neoplasms. Rates also increased for mantle cell lymphoma (males), marginal zone lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and mycosis fungoides. Like incidence, survival for both mature T-cell lymphomas and mature B-cell lymphomas varied by subtype and by race. Patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas had among the worst 5-year relative survival (36%-56%, depending on race/sex), while those with mycosis fungoides had among the best survival (79%-92%). For B-cell lymphomas, 5-year survival ranged from 83% to 91% for patients with marginal zone lymphoma and from 78% to 92% for those with hairy cell leukemia; but the rates were as low as 47% to 63% for patients with Burkitt lymphoma and 44% to 48% for those with plasma cell neoplasms. In general, black men had the lowest survival across lymphoid malignancy subtypes. These contemporary incidence and survival statistics are useful for developing management strategies for these cancers and can offer clues regarding their etiology. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:443-459. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Teras
- Strategic Director, Hematologic Cancer Research, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carol E DeSantis
- Director, Breast and Gynecological Cancer Surveillance, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Professor and Chair, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Senior Investigator, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Director, Lymphoma Program, Department of Hematology and Oncology/Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Patel YM, Park SL, Han Y, Wilkens LR, Bickeböller H, Rosenberger A, Caporaso N, Landi MT, Brüske I, Risch A, Wei Y, Christiani DC, Brennan P, Houlston R, McKay J, McLaughlin J, Hung R, Murphy S, Stram DO, Amos C, Le Marchand L. Novel Association of Genetic Markers Affecting CYP2A6 Activity and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5768-5776. [PMID: 27488534 PMCID: PMC5050097 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is a suspected determinant of smoking dose and, consequently, lung cancer risk. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CYP2A6 activity, as measured by the urinary ratio of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and its glucuronide conjugate over cotinine (total 3HCOT/COT), among 2,239 smokers in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study. We identified 248 CYP2A6 variants associated with CYP2A6 activity (P < 5 × 10-8). CYP2A6 activity was correlated (r = 0.32; P < 0.0001) with total nicotine equivalents (a measure of nicotine uptake). When we examined the effect of these variants on lung cancer risk in the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL) consortium GWAS dataset (13,479 cases and 43,218 controls), we found that the vast majority of these individual effects were directionally consistent and associated with an increased lung cancer risk. Two hundred and twenty-six of the 248 variants associated with CYP2A6 activity in the MEC were available in TRICL. Of them, 81% had directionally consistent risk estimates, and six were globally significantly associated with lung cancer. When conditioning on nine known functional variants and two deletions, the top two SNPs (rs56113850 in MEC and rs35755165 in TRICL) remained significantly associated with CYP2A6 activity in MEC and lung cancer in TRICL. The present data support the hypothesis that a greater CYP2A6 activity causes smokers to smoke more extensively and be exposed to higher levels of carcinogens, resulting in an increased risk for lung cancer. Although the variants identified in these studies may be used as risk prediction markers, the exact causal variants remain to be identified. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5768-76. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yesha M Patel
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sunghim L Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Younghun Han
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irene Brüske
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James McKay
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Rayjean Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Yu H, Frank C, Sundquist J, Hemminki A, Hemminki K. Common cancers share familial susceptibility: implications for cancer genetics and counselling. J Med Genet 2016; 54:248-253. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
116
|
Varinot J, Furudoï A, Roupret M, Compérat E. [Update on molecular classifications and new histological classification of bladder cancer]. Prog Urol 2016; 26:600-607. [PMID: 27663304 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comment the new WHO histological classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs 2016 and expose the state of art about urothelial carcinogenesis and molecular modifications of bladder cancer, with the consequences on the treatments. MATERIAL AND METHOD A systematic review of the literature search was performed from the data base PubMed, focused on the following keywords: "bladder cancer", "molecular", "subtypes". RESULTS The new WHO histological classification of tumors of the urinary system 2016 confirm the importance of pathology in determining the care of patients, especially the grade, the histological type and the infiltration, while taking into account the difficulties. In 2014, the Cancer Genome Atlas reported genetic modifications of bladder cancer. Recently, several studies explored molecular anomalies of bladder cancer and elaborated molecular classifications, analyzing their predictive value. According to the groups, different molecular subtype had been defined: Urobasal A, Urobasal B, genomically unstable, infiltrated, squamous cell carcinoma-like and p53-like luminal bladder cancers. This latter subgroup seems to be chemoresistant. CONCLUSIONS The molecular biology and classifications allow a better understanding of bladder cancer and could complete in near future histological data to improve patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Varinot
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC Paris VI, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - A Furudoï
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC Paris VI, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M Roupret
- Service d'urologie, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC Paris VI, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E Compérat
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC Paris VI, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Försti A, Kumar A, Paramasivam N, Schlesner M, Catalano C, Dymerska D, Lubinski J, Eils R, Hemminki K. Pedigree based DNA sequencing pipeline for germline genomes of cancer families. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2016; 14:16. [PMID: 27508007 PMCID: PMC4977614 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-016-0058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the course of our whole-genome sequencing efforts, we have developed a pipeline for analyzing germline genomes from Mendelian types of cancer pedigrees (familial cancer variant prioritization pipeline, FCVPP). RESULTS The variant calling step distinguishes two types of genomic variants: single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels, which undergo technical quality control. Mendelian types of variants are assumed to be rare and variants with frequencies higher that 0.1 % are screened out using human 1000 Genomes (Phase 3) and non-TCGA ExAC population data. Segregation in the pedigree allows variants to be present in affected family members and not in old, unaffected ones. The effectiveness of variant segregation depends on the number and relatedness of the family members: if over 5 third-degree (or more distant) relatives are available, the experience has shown that the number of likely variants is reduced from many hundreds to a few tens. These are then subjected to bioinformatics analysis, starting with the combined annotation dependent depletion (CADD) tool, which predicts the likelihood of the variant being deleterious. Different sets of individual tools are used for further evaluation of the deleteriousness of coding variants, 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), and intergenic variants. CONLUSIONS The likelihood of success of the present genomic pipeline in finding novel high- or medium-penetrant genes depends on many steps but first and foremost, the pedigree needs to be reasonably large and the assignments and diagnoses among the members need to be correct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Calogerina Catalano
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmara Dymerska
- Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Frank C, Sundquist J, Hemminki A, Hemminki K. Familial Associations Between Prostate Cancer and Other Cancers. Eur Urol 2016; 71:162-165. [PMID: 27498599 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a large familial component, but understanding of its genetic basis is fragmentary. Breast cancers may be associated with PCa, but whether this is true for other tumor types is poorly established. We used a novel approach to study familial associations of any type of cancer with PCa. We assessed the relative risk (RR) for all types of tumors as a function of the number of first-degree relatives diagnosed with PCa. We hypothesized that for a familial association to be real, the RR for a given type of cancer should increase with the number of PCa diagnoses. In families with multiple PCa patients, significantly increased risks were observed for female breast cancer (RR 1.37 for families with three men with PCa), kidney cancer (RR 2.32), nervous system tumors (RR 1.77; RR 2.40 when PCa was diagnosed before age 70 yr), and myeloma (RR 2.44; RR 6.29 when PCa was diagnosed before age 70 yr). Some evidence of association was also found for melanoma (RR 1.82) and endocrine tumors (RR 2.18). The consistency and magnitude of the effects suggest that familial PCa is genetically associated with breast, kidney, and nervous system tumors and myeloma. This suggestion has implications for clinical counseling and design of genetic studies. PATIENT SUMMARY It is known that prostate cancer runs in families, but it is not known whether other cancers are common in such families. We showed that at least breast, kidney, and nervous system tumors and myeloma occur more often than by chance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Frank
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Karunasinghe N, Zhu Y, Han DY, Lange K, Zhu S, Wang A, Ellett S, Masters J, Goudie M, Keogh J, Benjamin B, Holmes M, Ferguson LR. Quality of life effects of androgen deprivation therapy in a prostate cancer cohort in New Zealand: can we minimize effects using a stratification based on the aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 rs12529 gene polymorphism? BMC Urol 2016; 16:48. [PMID: 27485119 PMCID: PMC4971639 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-016-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective palliation treatment in men with advanced prostate cancer (PC). However, ADT has well documented side effects that could alter the patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The current study aims to test whether a genetic stratification could provide better knowledge for optimising ADT options to minimize HRQoL effects. METHODS A cohort of 206 PC survivors (75 treated with and 131 without ADT) was recruited with written consent to collect patient characteristics, clinical data and HRQoL data related to PC management. The primary outcomes were the percentage scores under each HRQoL subscale assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaires (QLQ-C30 and PR25) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales developed by the University of Melbourne, Australia. Genotyping of these men was carried out for the aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 (AKR1C3) rs12529 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Analysis of HRQoL scores were carried out against ADT duration and in association with the AKR1C3 rs12529 SNP using the generalised linear model. P-values <0 · 05 were considered significant, and were further tested for restriction with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Increase in hormone treatment-related effects were recorded with long-term ADT compared to no ADT. The C and G allele frequencies of the AKR1C3rs12529 SNP were 53·4 % and 46·6 % respectively. Hormone treatment-related symptoms showed an increase with ADT when associated with the AKR1C3 rs12529 G allele. Meanwhile, decreasing trends on cancer-specific symptoms and increased sexual interest were recorded with no ADT when associated with the AKR1C3 rs12529 G allele and reverse trends with the C allele. As higher incidence of cancer-specific symptoms relate to cancer retention it is possible that associated with the C allele there could be higher incidence of unresolved cancers under no ADT options. CONCLUSIONS If these findings can be reproduced in larger homogeneous cohorts, a genetic stratification based on the AKR1C3 rs12529 SNP, can minimize ADT-related HRQoL effects in PC patients. Our data additionally show that with this stratification it could also be possible to identify men needing ADT for better oncological advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dug Yeo Han
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM&HS, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Lange
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shuotun Zhu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alice Wang
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Ellett
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Megan Goudie
- Urology Department, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia.,Human Potential Centre, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Benji Benjamin
- Radiation Oncology Department, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Holmes
- Urology Department, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM&HS, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Peeters A, Blake MRC. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Diet Quality: from Identifying the Problem to Implementing Solutions. Curr Nutr Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
121
|
Lotan Y. Analysis of genetics to identify susceptibility to secondary malignancies in patients with bladder cancer. BJU Int 2016; 118:12-3. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology; UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Dallas TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Genetic basis of PD-L1 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2016; 127:3026-34. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-686550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Translocations between PD-L1 and the IGH locus represent a genetic mechanism of PD-L1 overexpression in DLBCL. Genetic alterations in the PD-L1/PDL-2 locus are mainly associated with the non-GCB subtype of DLBCL.
Collapse
|
123
|
Chatterjee N, Shi J, García-Closas M. Developing and evaluating polygenic risk prediction models for stratified disease prevention. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 17:392-406. [PMID: 27140283 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetics and its implications for human health is rapidly evolving in accordance with recent events, such as discoveries of large numbers of disease susceptibility loci from genome-wide association studies, the US Supreme Court ruling of the non-patentability of human genes, and the development of a regulatory framework for commercial genetic tests. In anticipation of the increasing relevance of genetic testing for the assessment of disease risks, this Review provides a summary of the methodologies used for building, evaluating and applying risk prediction models that include information from genetic testing and environmental risk factors. Potential applications of models for primary and secondary disease prevention are illustrated through several case studies, and future challenges and opportunities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Mucci LA, Hjelmborg JB, Harris JR, Czene K, Havelick DJ, Scheike T, Graff RE, Holst K, Möller S, Unger RH, McIntosh C, Nuttall E, Brandt I, Penney KL, Hartman M, Kraft P, Parmigiani G, Christensen K, Koskenvuo M, Holm NV, Heikkilä K, Pukkala E, Skytthe A, Adami HO, Kaprio J. Familial Risk and Heritability of Cancer Among Twins in Nordic Countries. JAMA 2016; 315:68-76. [PMID: 26746459 PMCID: PMC5498110 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Estimates of familial cancer risk from population-based studies are essential components of cancer risk prediction. OBJECTIVE To estimate familial risk and heritability of cancer types in a large twin cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective study of 80,309 monozygotic and 123,382 same-sex dizygotic twin individuals (N = 203,691) within the population-based registers of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Twins were followed up a median of 32 years between 1943 and 2010. There were 50,990 individuals who died of any cause, and 3804 who emigrated and were lost to follow-up. EXPOSURES Shared environmental and heritable risk factors among pairs of twins. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was incident cancer. Time-to-event analyses were used to estimate familial risk (risk of cancer in an individual given a twin's development of cancer) and heritability (proportion of variance in cancer risk due to interindividual genetic differences) with follow-up via cancer registries. Statistical models adjusted for age and follow-up time, and accounted for censoring and competing risk of death. RESULTS A total of 27,156 incident cancers were diagnosed in 23,980 individuals, translating to a cumulative incidence of 32%. Cancer was diagnosed in both twins among 1383 monozygotic (2766 individuals) and 1933 dizygotic (2866 individuals) pairs. Of these, 38% of monozygotic and 26% of dizygotic pairs were diagnosed with the same cancer type. There was an excess cancer risk in twins whose co-twin was diagnosed with cancer, with estimated cumulative risks that were an absolute 5% (95% CI, 4%-6%) higher in dizygotic (37%; 95% CI, 36%-38%) and an absolute 14% (95% CI, 12%-16%) higher in monozygotic twins (46%; 95% CI, 44%-48%) whose twin also developed cancer compared with the cumulative risk in the overall cohort (32%). For most cancer types, there were significant familial risks and the cumulative risks were higher in monozygotic than dizygotic twins. Heritability of cancer overall was 33% (95% CI, 30%-37%). Significant heritability was observed for the cancer types of skin melanoma (58%; 95% CI, 43%-73%), prostate (57%; 95% CI, 51%-63%), nonmelanoma skin (43%; 95% CI, 26%-59%), ovary (39%; 95% CI, 23%-55%), kidney (38%; 95% CI, 21%-55%), breast (31%; 95% CI, 11%-51%), and corpus uteri (27%; 95% CI, 11%-43%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this long-term follow-up study among Nordic twins, there was significant excess familial risk for cancer overall and for specific types of cancer, including prostate, melanoma, breast, ovary, and uterus. This information about hereditary risks of cancers may be helpful in patient education and cancer risk counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts2Division of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik3Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jacob B Hjelmborg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense5Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense5Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense7Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Havelick
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Scheike
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts9Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Klaus Holst
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense5Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Robert H Unger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina McIntosh
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Nuttall
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingunn Brandt
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden11Department of Surgery, National University Hospital and NUHS, Singapore
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts10Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts12Department of Computational Biology and Biostatistics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Markku Koskenvuo
- University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niels V Holm
- Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense14Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland16School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Axel Skytthe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense5Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts7Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland17National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland18University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|