101
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Bermejo-Nogales A, Fernández M, Fernández-Cruz ML, Navas JM. Effects of a silver nanomaterial on cellular organelles and time course of oxidative stress in a fish cell line (PLHC-1). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 190:54-65. [PMID: 27544301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the nanomaterials currently in commercial products, those based on silver are the most used, and so there is a high probability that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) will be released into aquatic environments where they could adversely affect aquatic organisms, including fish. Taking this into account, the aim of the present work was to characterize in depth the mechanisms underlying the toxic action of AgNPs using fish cell lines, determining specifically the contribution of alterations in cellular structures and oxidative stress time course to the cytotoxicity of AgNPs. Since liver plays a key role in detoxification, the hepatoma cell line PLHC-1 was used. Exposure to AgNPs (NM-300K, obtained from the Joint Research Centre Repository) caused alterations at the lysosomal and mitochondrial levels at lower concentrations than those that disrupted plasma membrane (evaluated by means of neutral red, alamarBlue, and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, acetoxymethyl ester assays respectively). AgNO3, used as a control Ag+ ion source, produced similar cytotoxic effects but at lower concentrations than AgNPs. Both silver forms caused oxidative disruption but the initial response was delayed in AgNPs until 6h of exposure. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also evidenced the disruption of mitochondrial structures in cells exposed to cytotoxic concentrations of both forms of silver. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, AgNPs were detected inside the nucleoli and mitochondria, thereby pointing to long-term effects. The present work evidences the mutual interaction between the induction of oxidative stress and the alterations of cellular structures, particularly mitochondria, as cytotoxicity mechanisms not exclusively associated to NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bermejo-Nogales
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida. Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Fernández-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, Madrid, Spain.
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102
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Afrasiabi Z, Popham HJR, Stanley D, Suresh D, Finley K, Campbell J, Kannan R, Upendran A. DIETARY SILVER NANOPARTICLES REDUCE FITNESS IN A BENEFICIAL, BUT NOT PEST, INSECT SPECIES. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 93:190-201. [PMID: 27509382 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial and insecticidal properties and they have been considered for their potential use as insecticides. While they do, indeed, kill some insects, two broader issues have not been considered in a critical way. First, reports of insect-lethal AgNPs are often based on simplistic methods that yield nanoparticles of nonuniform shapes and sizes, leaving questions about the precise treatments test insects experienced. Second, we do not know how AgNPs influence beneficial insects. This work addresses these issues. We assessed the influence of AgNPs on life history parameters of two agricultural pest insect species, Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) and a beneficial predatory insect species, Podisus maculiventris (spined soldier bug), all of which act in agroecosystems. Rearing the two pest species on standard media amended with AgNPs led to negligible influence on developmental times, pupal weights, and adult emergence, however, they led to retarded development, reductions in adult weight and fecundity, and increased mortality in the predator. These negative effects on the beneficial species, if also true for other beneficial insect species, would have substantial negative implications for continued development of AgNPs for insect pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Afrasiabi
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Math and Sciences, Soka University of America, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Holly J R Popham
- USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Dhananjay Suresh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristen Finley
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonelle Campbell
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anandhi Upendran
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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103
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Rafique M, Sadaf I, Rafique MS, Tahir MB. A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1272-1291. [PMID: 27825269 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1241792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of reliable and eco-accommodating methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a vital step in the field of nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are important because of their exceptional chemical, physical, and biological properties, and hence applications. In the last decade, numerous efforts were made to develop green methods of synthesis to avoid the hazardous byproducts. This review describes the methods of green synthesis for Ag-NPs and their numerous applications. It also describes the comparison of efficient synthesis methods via green routes over physical and chemical methods, which provide strong evidence for the selection of suitable method for the synthesis of Ag-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafique
- a Department of Physics , University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore , Pakistan.,b Department of Physics , University of Gujrat , Gujrat , Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sadaf
- b Department of Physics , University of Gujrat , Gujrat , Pakistan
| | - M Shahid Rafique
- a Department of Physics , University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - M Bilal Tahir
- b Department of Physics , University of Gujrat , Gujrat , Pakistan
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104
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Minghetti M, Schirmer K. Effect of media composition on bioavailability and toxicity of silver and silver nanoparticles in fish intestinal cells (RTgutGC). Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1526-1534. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1241908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Minghetti
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA,
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, Switzerland, and
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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105
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Bacchetta C, López G, Pagano G, Muratt DT, de Carvalho LM, Monserrat JM. Toxicological Effects Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio) and in the Bacteria Communities Living at Their Surface. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:456-462. [PMID: 27393328 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) makes them useful in a wide range of products although their environmental impact is still uncertain. The main goal of this study was to evaluate short-term effects induced by AgNP on gills oxidative status and bacterial communities living at the skin mucus of zebrafish. Both the number of bacteria colony forming units and bacteria growth obtained from skin mucus were lower in all concentrations tested (25, 50 and 100 µg nAg/L). Besides, AgNP exposure caused a significant decrease in bacteria growth in zebrafish exposed to 100 µg nAg/L. AgNP accumulated in zebrafish gills at both highest concentrations tested, but this accumulation did not appear to result in oxidative stress. Overall the results indicated toxicological effects of AgNP on bacteria communities living at the zebrafish mucus surface. Although silver accumulation was verified in gills, no evidence of toxicity in terms of oxidative stress was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bacchetta
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Gerardo López
- Nanotek S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gisela Pagano
- Nanotek S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana Tomazi Muratt
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa María (UFSM), Santa María, RS, Brazil
| | | | - José María Monserrat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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106
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Exposition orale et devenir dans l’intestin des nanoparticules alimentaires : exemple de l’argent et du dioxyde de titane. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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107
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Melanomacrophage centers in Clarias gariepinus as an immunological biomarker for toxicity of silver nanoparticles. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 5:97-104. [PMID: 30023242 PMCID: PMC6025763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in human activities, there is still little known about their potential environmental toxicity, particularly to fish. In the present study, the effects of Ag-NPs on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied using melanomacrophage centers as immunohistological biomarkers. Fish were exposed to 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L 100-nm Ag-NPs. We studied the effects on the size and number of melanomacrophage centers in all target tissues. Many histopathological alterations in those tissues were observed. The histological changes were represented as dislocation of the epithelium, dilatation of central veins associated with inflammatory leukocytic infiltration, necrosis, and pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes. There was shrinkage of Malpighian corpuscles, dislocation of nuclei of convoluted tubules, cellular degeneration, and dispersed infiltration of leukocytes in kidney tissue. Examination of spleen sections after exposure to Ag-NPs showed rupture within the red pulp and hemorrhage, dislocation of nuclei, accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes, and congestion in blood vessels. In conclusion, exposure to Ag-NPs induced alterations in tissues, suggesting a possible increase in oxidative stress in those tissues.
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108
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Osborne OJ, Mukaigasa K, Nakajima H, Stolpe B, Romer I, Philips U, Lynch I, Mourabit S, Hirose S, Lead JR, Kobayashi M, Kudoh T, Tyler CR. Sensory systems and ionocytes are targets for silver nanoparticle effects in fish. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1276-86. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Osborne
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK,
| | - Katsuki Mukaigasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan,
| | - Hitomi Nakajima
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan,
| | - Bjorn Stolpe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and
| | - Isabella Romer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and
| | - Uzoma Philips
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and
| | - Iseult Lynch
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and
| | - Sulayman Mourabit
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK,
| | - Shigehisa Hirose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jamie R. Lead
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan,
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudoh
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK,
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK,
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109
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Brittle SW, Paluri SLA, Foose DP, Ruis MT, Amato MT, Lam NH, Buttigieg B, Gagnon ZE, Sizemore IE. Freshwater Crayfish: A Potential Benthic-Zone Indicator of Nanosilver and Ionic Silver Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7056-7065. [PMID: 27253383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are utilized in numerous applications, raising justified concerns about their release into the environment. This study demonstrates the potential to use freshwater crayfish as a benthic-zone indicator of nanosilver and ionic silver pollution. Crayfish were acclimated to 20 L aquaria filled with Hudson River water (HRW) and exposed for 14 days to widely used Creighton AgNPs and Ag(+) at doses of up to 360 μg L(-1) to surpass regulated water concentrations. The uptake and distribution of Ag in over 650 exoskeletons, gills, hepatopancreas and muscles samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) in conjunction with two complementary U.S. EPA-endorsed methods: the external calibration and the standard additions. Reflecting the environmental plasticity of the two investigated species, Orconectes virilis accumulated in a dose-dependent manner more Ag than Procambarus clarkii (on average 31% more Ag). Both species showed DNA damage and severe histological changes in the presence of Ag. However, Ag(+) generally led to higher Ag accumulations (28%) and was more toxic. By the harvest day, about 14 ± 9% of the 360 μg L(-1) of AgNP exposure in the HRW oxidized to Ag(+) and may have contributed to the observed toxicities and bioaccumulations. The hepatopancreas (1.5-17.4 μg of Ag g(-1) of tissue) was identified as the best tissue-indicator of AgNP pollution, while the gills (4.5-22.0 μg g(-1)) and hepatopancreas (2.5-16.7 μg g(-1)) complementarily monitored the presence of Ag(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W Brittle
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Sesha L A Paluri
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Daniel P Foose
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Matthew T Ruis
- Department of Environmental Science, Marist College , 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - Matthew T Amato
- Department of Environmental Science, Marist College , 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - Nhi H Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Bryan Buttigieg
- Department of Environmental Science, Marist College , 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - Zofia E Gagnon
- Department of Environmental Science, Marist College , 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601, United States
| | - Ioana E Sizemore
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
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110
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Chen H, Mu L, Cao J, Mu J, Klerks PL, Luo Y, Guo Z, Xie L. Accumulation and effects of Cr(VI) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) during chronic dissolved and dietary exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:208-216. [PMID: 27162070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an essential metal and a nutritional supplement for both human and agricultural uses. It is also a pollutant from a variety of industrial uses. These uses can lead to elevated Cr levels in aquatic environments, where it can enter and affect aquatic organisms. Its accumulation and subsequent effects in fish have received relatively little attention, especially for chronic exposure. In the present study, Japanese medaka were chronically exposed to dissolved or dietary Cr(VI) for 3 months. Cr accumulation in liver, gills, intestine, and brain was evaluated. Effects on the antioxidant system, nervous system (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), digestive system (α-glucosidase, α-Glu), and tissue histology (liver and gills) were also assessed. Cr accumulation was observed in the intestine and liver of fish exposed to Cr-contaminated brine shrimp. However, chronic dissolved Cr exposure led to significant Cr accumulation in all organs tested. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of Cr in medaka livers revealed that 37% of the Cr was present in the heat stable protein fraction. The dissolved Cr exposure had pronounced effects on the antioxidant system in the liver, with an elevated ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and decreases in GSH and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The α-Glu activity in the intestine was significantly inhibited. In addition, Cr exposure caused histopathological alterations in the gills and liver. In general, the effects of dietary Cr were relatively minor, possible due to the much lower accumulation in the fish. Our results imply that Japanese medaka accumulate Cr mainly via uptake of dissolved Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Division of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China.
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111
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Sharma N, Rather MA, Ajima MNO, Gireesh-Babu P, Kumar K, Sharma R. Assessment of DNA damage and molecular responses in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) following short-term exposure to silver nanoparticles. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:122-32. [PMID: 27346854 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) both in industries and in agricultural fields has led to its accumulation in the aquatic ecosystem through water run-off. In the present study, the effects of Ag-NPs in the liver of Labeo rohita, were investigated at genomic and cellular level for seven days at the concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg l(-1) by using 18 and 29 nm sizes of Ag-NPs. The Ag-NPs sizes of 18 and 29 nm were synthesized by a chemical method using atomic force microscopy with the zeta potential of -55 mV and-31.4 mV respectively. They were found to be spherical with smooth surfaces. Assessment of genotoxic effects of the particles in the fish using single-cell gel electrophoresis showed DNA damage on exposure to concentrations of 400 and 800 μg l(-1). Histopathological examination of the liver revealed vacuolar degeneration, hepatocytes have undergone total degeneration and high accumulation of Ag-NPs that depicted both time and dose-dependent relationships. Furthermore, the expression study of stress-related genes showed down-regulation, due to the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Ag-NPs can cause both DNA damage and affect the cellular responses of L. rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Sharma
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Mumbai, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Mumbai, India.
| | - Malachy N O Ajima
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Mumbai, India; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - P Gireesh-Babu
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Mumbai, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Mumbai, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Mumbai, India.
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112
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Nguyen KC, Richards L, Massarsky A, Moon TW, Tayabali AF. Toxicological evaluation of representative silver nanoparticles in macrophages and epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 33:163-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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113
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Wang Z, Yin L, Zhao J, Xing B. Trophic transfer and accumulation of TiO2 nanoparticles from clamworm (Perinereis aibuhitensis) to juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) along a marine benthic food chain. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 95:250-259. [PMID: 27010785 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the potential benthic trophic transfer of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) from clamworm (Perinereis aibuhitensis) to juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and their related distribution and toxicity. TiO2 NPs (at 10, 50 and 100 mg/L) could be taken up by clamworms, and mainly accumulated in the lower-digestive tract. TiO2 NPs were able to transfer from clamworms to juvenile turbots. The accumulation of TiO2 NPs in juvenile turbots increased with increasing Ti contents in clamworms during the dietary exposure, however, no biomagnification (BMFs, 0.30-0.33) of TiO2 NPs was observed. For both dietary and waterborne exposure, accumulation of TiO2 NPs was higher in the gill, intestine and stomach of juvenile turbot, following by skin, liver, and muscle. During dietary exposure at Day 20, the growth of turbots was reduced, and abnormal symptoms of liver and spleen were detected. Moreover, both dietary (50 and 100 mg/L TiO2 NPs-treated clamworms) and waterborne (100 mg/L TiO2 NPs) exposures led to significantly lower protein and higher lipid contents, suggesting the nutrition quality reduction of turbots. The findings from this work highlighted the trophic transfer of TiO2 NPs in marine benthic food chain, leading to the potential negative impact on marine aquaculture and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liyun Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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114
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Connolly M, Fernández M, Conde E, Torrent F, Navas JM, Fernández-Cruz ML. Tissue distribution of zinc and subtle oxidative stress effects after dietary administration of ZnO nanoparticles to rainbow trout. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:334-43. [PMID: 26878645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in different fields has raised concerns about the possible environmental risks associated with these NPs entering aquatic systems. In this study, using a dietary exposure route, we have analysed the tissue distribution and depuration pattern of Zn as well as any associated redox balance disturbances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following exposure to ZnO NPs (20-30nm). Fish were fed a diet spiked with ZnO NPs prepared from a dispersion in sunflower oil at doses of 300 or 1000mg ZnO NPs/kg feed for 10days. This uptake phase was followed by a 28days depuration phase in which fish from all groups received untreated feed. While no overt signs of toxicity were observed and no important effects in fish growth (weight and length) or in the hepatosomatic index among groups were recorded, we observed high levels of Zn bioaccumulation in the gills and intestine of exposed fish following exposure to both dose levels. Zn levels were not eliminated during the depuration phase and we have evidenced oxidative stress responses in gills associated with such long term ZnO NPs bioaccumulation and lack of elimination. Furthermore, exposures to higher doses of ZnO NPs (1000mg/kg feed) resulted in Zn distribution to the liver of fish following 10days of exposure. Fish from this exposure group experienced biochemical disturbances associated with oxidative stress in the liver and ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity which may point to the ability of ZnO NPs or its ions to interfere with cytochrome P450 metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Connolly
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7,5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Conde
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Torrent
- E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Calle ciruelos, s/n, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7,5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Fernández-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7,5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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115
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Bruneau A, Turcotte P, Pilote M, Gagné F, Gagnon C. Fate of silver nanoparticles in wastewater and immunotoxic effects on rainbow trout. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 174:70-81. [PMID: 26921728 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are currently used in technology, medicine and consumer products, even though the fate and the ecotoxicological risks on aquatic organisms of these new materials are not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fate, bioavailability of AgNPs and their effects on fish in presence of municipal effluents. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed for 96h to 40μg/L of AgNPs or 4μg/L of dissolved silver (AgNO3) in diluted (10%) municipal wastewater. Silver (Ag) concentrations were measured both on water samples and fish tissues (liver and gills). Toxicity was investigated by following immunological parameters in the pronephros (viability, phagocytosis) and biomarkers in liver and gills (cyclooxygenase activity, lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase, metallothioneins, DNA strand breaks and labile zinc). Results indicated that AgNPs appeared as small non-charged aggregates in wastewaters (11.7±1.4nm). In gills, the exposure to AgNPs induced morphological modifications without visible nanoparticle bioaccumulation. Dissolved Ag(+) was bioavailable in diluted effluent and induced oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), labile zinc and a marginal decrease in superoxide dismutase in fish gills. Ag(+) also increased significantly metallothionein levels and inhibited the DNA repair activity in the liver. Finally, the two silver forms were found in liver and induced immunosuppression and inflammation (increase in cyclooxygenase activity). This study demonstrated that both forms of Ag produced harmful effects and AgNPs in wastewater were bioavailable to fish despite of their formation of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bruneau
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - P Turcotte
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - M Pilote
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - F Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - C Gagnon
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
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116
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Zouzelka R, Cihakova P, Rihova Ambrozova J, Rathousky J. Combined biocidal action of silver nanoparticles and ions against Chlorococcales (Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris) and filamentous algae (Klebsormidium sp.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8317-26. [PMID: 26951220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive research, the mechanism of the antimicrobial and biocidal performance of silver nanoparticles has not been unequivocally elucidated yet. Our study was aimed at the investigation of the ability of silver nanoparticles to suppress the growth of three types of algae colonizing the wetted surfaces or submerged objects and the mechanism of their action. Silver nanoparticles exhibited a substantial toxicity towards Chlorococcales Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris, and filamentous algae Klebsormidium sp., which correlated with their particle size. The particles had very good stability against agglomeration even in the presence of multivalent cations. The concentration of silver ions in equilibrium with nanoparticles markedly depended on the particle size, achieving about 6 % and as low as about 0.1 % or even less for the particles 5 nm in size and for larger ones (40-70 nm), respectively. Even very limited proportion of small particles together with larger ones could substantially increase concentration of Ag ions in solution. The highest toxicity was found for the 5-nm-sized particles, being the smallest ones in this study. Their toxicity was even higher than that of silver ions at the same silver concentration. When compared as a function of the Ag(+) concentration in equilibrium with 5-nm particles, the toxicity of ions was at least 17 times higher than that obtained by dissolving silver nitrite (if not taking into account the effect of nanoparticles themselves). The mechanism of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles was found complex with an important role played by the adsorption of silver nanoparticles and the ions released from the particles on the cell surface. This mechanism could be described as some sort of synergy between nanoparticles and ions. While our study clearly showed the presence of this synergy, its detailed explanation is experimentally highly demanding, requiring a close cooperation between materials scientists, physical chemists, and biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Zouzelka
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Cihakova
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rihova Ambrozova
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rathousky
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23, Prague, Czech Republic.
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117
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Clark ES, Pompini M, Uppal A, Wedekind C. Genetic correlations and little genetic variance for reaction norms may limit potential for adaptation to pollution by ionic and nanoparticulate silver in a whitefish (Salmonidae). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2751-62. [PMID: 27066251 PMCID: PMC4798832 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For natural populations to adapt to anthropogenic threats, heritable variation must persist in tolerance traits. Silver nanoparticles, the most widely used engineered nanoparticles, are expected to increase in concentrations in freshwaters. Little is known about how these particles affect wild populations, and whether genetic variation persists in tolerance to permit rapid evolutionary responses. We sampled wild adult whitefish and crossed them in vitro full factorially. In total, 2896 singly raised embryos of 48 families were exposed to two concentrations (0.5 μg/L; 100 μg/L) of differently sized silver nanoparticles or ions (silver nitrate). These doses were not lethal; yet higher concentrations prompted embryos to hatch earlier and at a smaller size. The induced hatching did not vary with nanoparticle size and was stronger in the silver nitrate group. Additive genetic variation for hatching time was significant across all treatments, with no apparent environmental dependencies. No genetic variation was found for hatching plasticity. We found some treatment‐dependent heritable variation for larval length and yolk volume, and one instance of additive genetic variation for the reaction norm on length at hatching. Our assessment suggests that the effects of silver exposure on additive genetic variation vary according to trait and silver source. While the long‐term fitness consequences of low‐level silver exposure on whitefish embryos must be further investigated to determine whether it is, in fact, detrimental, our results suggest that the evolutionary potential for adaptation to these types of pollutants may be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Clark
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pompini
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anshu Uppal
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Claus Wedekind
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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118
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Chifiriuc MC, Ratiu AC, Popa M, Ecovoiu AA. Drosophotoxicology: An Emerging Research Area for Assessing Nanoparticles Interaction with Living Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:36. [PMID: 26907252 PMCID: PMC4783871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology allowed the fabrication of a wide range of different nanomaterials, raising many questions about their safety and potential risks for the human health and environment. Most of the current nanotoxicology research is not standardized, hampering any comparison or reproducibility of the obtained results. Drosophotoxicology encompasses the plethora of methodological approaches addressing the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a choice organism in toxicology studies. Drosophila melanogaster model offers several important advantages, such as a relatively simple genome structure, short lifespan, low maintenance cost, readiness of experimental manipulation comparative to vertebrate models from both ethical and technical points of view, relevant gene homology with higher organisms, and ease of obtaining mutant phenotypes. The molecular pathways, as well as multiple behavioral and developmental parameters, can be evaluated using this model in lower, medium or high throughput type assays, allowing a systematic classification of the toxicity levels of different nanomaterials. The purpose of this paper is to review the current research on the applications of Drosophila melanogaster model for the in vivo assessment of nanoparticles toxicity and to reveal the huge potential of this model system to provide results that could enable a proper selection of different nanostructures for a certain biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor, Sector 5, Bucharest 060101, Romania.
| | - Attila Cristian Ratiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor, Sector 5, Bucharest 060101, Romania.
| | - Marcela Popa
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor, Sector 5, Bucharest 060101, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Al Ecovoiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor, Sector 5, Bucharest 060101, Romania.
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119
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Kaya H, Aydın F, Gürkan M, Yılmaz S, Ates M, Demir V, Arslan Z. A comparative toxicity study between small and large size zinc oxide nanoparticles in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Organ pathologies, osmoregulatory responses and immunological parameters. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:571-82. [PMID: 26398925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was exposed to different sizes of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) to evaluate their organ pathologies (kidney, liver, gill, and intestine), osmoregulatory responses and immunological parameters. Sub-chronic exposure was conducted in fresh water with 1 and 10 mg/L concentrations of the small (10-30 nm) and large-size ZnO (100 nm) particles for 7 and 14 days. In this study, it is found that small and large forms of ZnO-NPs cause various pathologic findings in the target organs at all concentrations. These findings are increased of melanomacrophage aggregates, tubular deformations, necrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolations in the kidney, oedema, mononuclear cell infiltrations, fatty changes, pyknotic nuclei and hepatocellular vacuolations in the liver, hyperplasia, aneurysms, and epithelial liftings in the gills, and hyperplasia, swelled of goblet cells, villus deformations in the intestine. Results showed that respiratory burst and potential killing activity at the small-size ZnO concentration significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05) but significant reductions of these parameters at the large-size ZnO concentrations compared to control (p < 0.05) were measured. These findings demonstrate the potential of each particle size to cause significant damage to the immune system. Moreover, because ZnO NPs inhibit the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity at all concentrations and increase serum Ca(2+) and Cl(-) levels especially in gill, these particles are osmoregulatory and toxicant for tilapia fish. As a summary, both sizes of the particles have led to organ damage, osmoregulatory changes and immune disorder in tilapia fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kaya
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Aydın
- Istanbul University, Fisheries Faculty, 34470 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Gürkan
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ates
- Tunceli University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Bioengineering, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Veysel Demir
- Tunceli University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 39217, USA
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120
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Chen H, Cao J, Li L, Wu X, Bi R, Klerks PL, Xie L. Maternal transfer and reproductive effects of Cr(VI) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) under acute and chronic exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 171:59-68. [PMID: 26748265 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer of metals can be an important exposure route for animals. The maternal transfer of Cr and its effects on reproduction in fish are still largely unknown. In this study, Japanese medaka were exposed to a sublethal Cr(VI) concentration for 6 days (acute) and for 3 months (chronic). Chromium accumulation in the gonads, maternal transfer of Cr, and effects of Cr on the reproduction, histopathology and expressions of antioxidants in the gonads were evaluated. Both acute and chronic exposures resulted in significant Cr accumulation in gonads, eggs and larvae. In chronic Cr-exposed fish, approximately 61% of the Cr accumulated in the ovary was depurated by spawning during the first 3 days after exposure, suggesting that maternal transfer is a very important pathway for accumulation in offspring. The chronic exposure caused decreases in body weight, standard length, gonad weight, gonad-somatic index (GSI) and fecundity. The last of these was most severely affected: the total number of broods and eggs per female decreased by 57.1% and 75.9%, respectively. Moreover, egg weight and fertilization rate were also reduced (by approximately 20%) following chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Histopathological analyses showed that the Cr exposure resulted in the onset of follicular atresia and a reduction in the number of mature oocytes, along with a reduction in abundance of mature spermatozoa in testes. The GSH/GSSG ratio was greatly elevated after chronic Cr(VI) exposure, implying that GSH played a role in scavenging the reactive oxygen species generated by the reduction of Cr(VI) inside cells. This study provides evidence for the maternal transfer of Cr, highlights the importance of spawning in Cr depuration from the ovary, and demonstrates that chronic Cr(VI) exposure has serious impacts on reproduction in the Japanese medaka. Our results suggest that the issue of chronic Cr pollution deserves more attention than it has received to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, United States
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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121
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Krishnaraj C, Harper SL, Yun SI. In Vivo toxicological assessment of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 301:480-91. [PMID: 26414925 PMCID: PMC5755690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the deleterious effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in adult zebrafish. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in the study were synthesized by treating AgNO3 with aqueous leaves extract of Malva crispa Linn., a medicinal herb as source of reductants. LC50 concentration of AgNPs at 96 h was observed as 142.2 μg/l. In order to explore the underlying toxicity mechanisms of AgNPs, half of the LC50 concentration (71.1 μg/l) was exposed to adult zebrafish for 14 days. Cytological changes and intrahepatic localization of AgNPs were observed in gills and liver tissues respectively, and the results concluded a possible sign for oxidative stress. In addition to oxidative stress the genotoxic effect was observed in peripheral blood cells like presence of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities and also loss in cell contact with irregular shape was observed in liver parenchyma cells. Hence to confirm the oxidative stress and genotoxic effects the mRNA expression of stress related (MTF-1, HSP70) and immune response related (TLR4, NFKB, IL1B, CEBP, TRF, TLR22) genes were analyzed in liver tissues and the results clearly concluded that the plant extract mediated synthesis of AgNPs leads to oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Krishnaraj
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stacey L Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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122
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Walters CR, Cheng P, Pool E, Somerset V. Effect of temperature on oxidative stress parameters and enzyme activity in tissues of Cape River crab (Potamanautes perlatus) following exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNP). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:61-70. [PMID: 26730549 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers of oxidative stress have been widely used in environmental assessments to evaluate the effects of exposure of aquatic organisms to contaminants from various anthropogenic sources. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), the most produced NP worldwide and used in several consumer products, are known to produce oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. Similarly, temperature is also known to affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) by influencing the inputs of contaminants into the environment, as well as altering behavior, fate, and transport. Aquatic ecosystems are affected by both anthropogenic releases of contaminants and increased temperature. To test this hypothesis, the influence of AgNP and temperature in the response to multiple biomarkers of oxidative stress was studied in the gills and hepatopancreas of the Cape River crab Potamonautes perlatus. Responses were assessed through activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione S-transferase (GST). The response of the oxidative stress biomarkers analyzed was always higher in hepatopancreas than in gills. Elevated temperatures (28°C) induced oxidative stress by increasing SOD, CAT, and GST activities, particularly at 100 µg/ml AgNP. These data indicate that AgNP-mediated toxicity to P. perlatus is modulated by elevated temperatures, but this relationship is not linear. Co-effects of AgNP and temperature are reported for the first time in P. perlatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavon R Walters
- a CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Paul Cheng
- a CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Edmund Pool
- b Department of Medical Biosciences , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Vernon Somerset
- a CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment , Stellenbosch , South Africa
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123
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Yang D, Zhang S, Hu Y, Chen J, Bao B, Yuwen L, Weng L, Cheng Y, Wang L. AIE-active conjugated polymer nanoparticles with red-emission for in vitro and in vivo imaging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel AIE-active conjugated polymer nanoparticles with bright fluorescence emission and excellent photostability have been prepared for imaging in cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
| | - Biqing Bao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
| | - Lixing Weng
- College of Geography and Biological Information
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210046
- China
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124
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Zhang C, Hu Z, Deng B. Silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments: Physiochemical behavior and antimicrobial mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:403-427. [PMID: 26519626 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanosilver (silver nanoparticles or AgNPs) has unique physiochemical properties and strong antimicrobial activities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physicochemical behavior (e.g., dissolution and aggregation) and antimicrobial mechanisms of nanosilver in aquatic environments. The inconsistency in calculating the Gibbs free energy of formation of nanosilver [ΔGf(AgNPs)] in aquatic environments highlights the research needed to carefully determine the thermodynamic stability of nanosilver. The dissolutive release of silver ion (Ag(+)) in the literature is often described using a pseudo-first-order kinetics, but the fit is generally poor. This paper proposes a two-stage model that could better predict silver ion release kinetics. The theoretical analysis suggests that nanosilver dissolution could occur under anoxic conditions and that nanosilver may be sulfidized to form silver sulfide (Ag2S) under strict anaerobic conditions, but more investigation with carefully-designed experiments is required to confirm the analysis. Although silver ion release is likely the main antimicrobial mechanism of nanosilver, the contributions of (ion-free) AgNPs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to the overall toxicity of nanosilver must not be neglected. Several research directions are proposed to better understand the dissolution kinetics of nanosilver and its antimicrobial mechanisms under various aquatic environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Baolin Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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125
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Li D, Chen Q, Cao J, Chen H, Li L, Cedergreen N, Xie H, Xie L. The chronic effects of lignin-derived bisphenol and bisphenol A in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:199-207. [PMID: 26674368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of green chemistry is to produce greener and more environmentally friendly chemicals to replace the existing toxic chemicals. In this study, Japanese medaka were exposed to 1.5mg/L of bisphenol A or lignin-derived bisphenol for 60 days, and the expressions of various biochemical markers, effects on reproduction, and histopathology were evaluated. The results showed that concentrations of liver vitellogenin of LD-BP exposed males were approximately 125% higher compared to the control males. Total number of eggs from the BPA and LD-BP exposed fish was approximately 47% (p<0.001) and 25% (p<0.05) less than the control fish, respectively. Total number of brood was lower from the BPA (46%, p<0.05) and LD-BP (17%, p<0.05) exposed fish than that of the control fish. Relative to the control fish, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were significantly affected by the two chemicals in all tested tissues. BPA and LD-BP caused lipid peroxidation in all the tested tissues. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase activity were significantly inhibited. Histopathological analysis showed that both the testis and ovary were mildly damaged by both chemicals. LD-BP affected medaka slightly more severe than BPA except on the reproduction, which was most likely due to different uptake, translocation, binding to targets and metabolism. Our results demonstrated that chronic exposure to both chemicals caused several adverse effects to medaka. Further research on the toxicity of LD-BP to other aquatic organisms is needed before substitution of traditional BPA with LD-BP can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Section of Environmental Chemistry and Physics, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Denmark
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University, 550025, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China.
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126
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Li L, Chen H, Bi R, Xie L. Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute effects of chromium in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2611-2617. [PMID: 26096885 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an essential element but is toxic to aquatic organisms at elevated concentrations. In the present study, adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to a sublethal hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentration via dissolved and dietary exposures for 6 d. Various measurements of Cr were made: bioaccumulation in different tissues, subcellular distribution in the liver, effects on antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Cr-induced lipid peroxidation. The results showed that bioaccumulation increased dramatically in all tested tissues from dissolved exposure but only significantly in the intestine from dietary treatment, implying that dissolved exposure may be predominant for Cr accumulation in medaka. Subcellular distribution revealed that Cr accumulated in the liver was mainly (46%) associated with the heat-stable protein fraction. Among the antioxidants examined, catalase (CAT) responded to dissolved Cr exposure in most tissues whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) was less responsive. Malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly elevated in most tissues examined in the dissolved Cr-exposed fish, but were only elevated in the liver and intestine in the dietary Cr-exposed fish. The AChE activity in the brain was stimulated by 49% in the dissolved Cr-exposed fish. Reductions in condition factor and gonadosomatic index were also observed. These data help in an understanding of Cr tissue distribution and the acute effects of Cr in Japanese medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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127
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Yang Y, Lv SY, Yu B, Xu S, Shen J, Zhao T, Zhang H. Hepatotoxicity assessment of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots after repeated administration in mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5787-96. [PMID: 26396512 PMCID: PMC4576905 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have a longer dopant emission lifetime and potentially lower cytotoxicity compared to other doped QDs. The liver is the key organ for clearance and detoxification of xenobiotics by phagocytosis and metabolism. The present study was designed to synthesize and evaluate the hepatotoxicity of Mn-doped ZnS QDs and their polyethylene glycol-coated counterparts (1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) in mice. The results demonstrated that daily injection of Mn-doped ZnS QDs and polyethylene glycol-coated QDs via tail vein for 7 days did not influence body weight, relative liver weight, serum aminotransferases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), or malondialdehyde in the liver. Analysis of hepatocyte ultrastructure showed that Mn-doped ZnS QDs and polyethylene glycol-coated QDs mainly accumulated in mitochondria at 24 hours after repeated intravenous injection. No damage to cell nuclei or mitochondria was observed with either of the QDs. Our results indicate that Mn-doped ZnS QDs did not cause obvious damage to the liver. This study will assist in the development of Mn-doped ZnS QDs-based bioimaging and biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China ; School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Yu Lv
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Shen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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128
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Chronic Effects of Coated Silver Nanoparticles on Marine Invertebrate Larvae: A Proof of Concept Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132457. [PMID: 26171857 PMCID: PMC4501789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, have become increasingly popular in consumer products. However, data on their potential biological effects on marine organisms, especially invertebrates, remain very limited. This proof of principle study reports the chronic sub-lethal toxicity of two coated AgNPs (oleic acid coated AgNPs and polyvinylpyrrolidone coated AgNPs) on marine benthic invertebrate larvae across three phyla (i.e., the barnacle Balanus Amphitrite, the slipper-limpet Crepidula onyx, and the polychaete Hydroides elegans) in terms of growth, development, and metamorphosis. Bioaccumulation and biodistribution of silver were also investigated. Larvae were also exposed to silver nitrate (AgNO3) in parallel to distinguish the toxic effects derived from nano-silver and the aqueous form of silver. The sub-lethal effect of chronic exposure to coated AgNPs resulted in a significant retardation in growth and development, and reduction of larval settlement rate. The larval settlement rate of H. elegans was significantly lower in the coated AgNP treatment than the AgNO3 treatment, suggesting that the toxicity of coated AgNPs might not be solely evoked by the release of silver ions (Ag+) in the test medium. The three species accumulated silver effectively from coated AgNPs as well as AgNO3, and coated AgNPs were observed in the vacuoles of epithelial cell in the digestive tract of C. onyx. Types of surface coatings did not affect the sub-lethal toxicity of AgNPs. This study demonstrated that coated AgNPs exerted toxic effects in a species-specific manner, and their exposure might allow bioaccumulation of silver, and affect growth, development, and settlement of marine invertebrate larvae. This study also highlighted the possibility that coated AgNPs could be taken up through diet and the toxicity of coated AgNPs might be mediated through toxic Ag+ as well as the novel modalities of coated AgNPs.
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129
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Balusamy B, Taştan BE, Ergen SF, Uyar T, Tekinay T. Toxicity of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticles in aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:1265-1270. [PMID: 26022751 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the acute toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NP) on two sentinel aquatic species, fresh-water microalgae Chlorella sp. and the crustacean Daphnia magna. The morphology, size and charge of the nanoparticles were systematically studied. The algal growth inhibition assay confirmed absence of toxic effects of La2O3 NP on Chlorella sp., even at higher concentration (1000 mg L(-1)) after 72 h exposure. Similarly, no significant toxic effects were observed on D. magna at concentrations of 250 mg L(-1) or less, and considerable toxic effects were noted in higher concentrations (effective concentration [EC50] 500 mg L(-1); lethal dose [LD50] 1000 mg L(-1)). In addition, attachment of La2O3 NP on aquatic species was demonstrated using microscopy analysis. This study proved to be beneficial in understanding acute toxicity in order to provide environmental protection as part of risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brabu Balusamy
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Golbasi, 06830, Ankara, Turkey.
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130
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Silver nanoparticles affects the expression of biomarker genes mRNA in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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131
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Song L, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Comparative toxicity of copper nanoparticles across three Lemnaceae species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:217-224. [PMID: 25765374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles can end up in aquatic ecosystems due to their widespread application. Even though the toxicological effects of metallic nanoparticles to a diversity of species have been reported extensively, the toxicological data achieved in different studies are not always comparable and little is known regarding the comparative toxicity of nanoparticles across species, as different test strategies and endpoints were applied. To attempt to fill this knowledge gap, Spirodela polyrhiza, Lemna minor and Wolffia arrhiza were exposed to 25 nm spherical copper nanoparticles to investigate the inhibiting effect of copper nanoparticle suspensions across species at three endpoints: total frond area, frond number and dry weight based relative growth rate. The total frond area based relative growth rate was found to be the most sensitive endpoint, with an EC50 of 1.15±0.09 mg/L for S. polyrhiza, 0.84±0.12 mg/L for L. minor and 0.64±0.05 mg/L for W. arrhiza. Both the particles and the copper ions contributed to the inhibiting effects of copper nanoparticle suspensions at all endpoints studied. Dose-response related inhibiting effects caused by the copper ions were found at all endpoints studied, whereas the particles only showed dose-response related inhibiting effects on the total frond area based relative growth rate. This suggests that different physiological processes are involved in case of exposure to particles and copper ions. W. arrhiza was found to be the most sensitive species tested and S. polyrhiza was the least sensitive species tested, when the inhibiting effect was evaluated based on the relative growth rate calculated from total frond area. These findings exemplify the importance of identifying the suitable endpoints of toxicity assessment and considering the intrinsic differences between species when evaluating the toxicological profile of metallic nanoparticles across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Song
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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132
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Connolly M, Fernandez-Cruz ML, Quesada-Garcia A, Alte L, Segner H, Navas JM. Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a Variety of Rainbow Trout Cell Lines (RTL-W1, RTH-149, RTG-2) and Primary Hepatocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5386-405. [PMID: 26006119 PMCID: PMC4454974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Among all classes of nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potentially an important ecotoxicological impact, especially in freshwater environments. Fish are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of silver ions and, with knowledge gaps regarding the contribution of dissolution and unique particle effects to AgNP toxicity, they represent a group of vulnerable organisms. Using cell lines (RTL-W1, RTH-149, RTG-2) and primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as in vitro test systems, we assessed the cytotoxicity of the representative AgNP, NM-300K, and AgNO3 as an Ag+ ion source. Lack of AgNP interference with the cytotoxicity assays (AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM, NRU assay) and their simultaneous application point to the compatibility and usefulness of such a battery of assays. The RTH-149 and RTL-W1 liver cell lines exhibited similar sensitivity as primary hepatocytes towards AgNP toxicity. Leibovitz’s L-15 culture medium composition (high amino acid content) had an important influence on the behaviour and toxicity of AgNPs towards the RTL-W1 cell line. The obtained results demonstrate that, with careful consideration, such an in vitro approach can provide valuable toxicological data to be used in an integrated testing strategy for NM-300K risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Connolly
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Luisa Fernandez-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Quesada-Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Alte
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Helmut Segner
- Faculty of Vetsuisse, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Berne, Länggassstr. 122, Postfach 8466, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland,.
| | - Jose M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain.
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133
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Xin Q, Rotchell JM, Cheng J, Yi J, Zhang Q. Silver nanoparticles affect the neural development of zebrafish embryos. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1481-92. [PMID: 25976698 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in commercial products. This study aims to understand the impact of AgNPs on the early developmental stages in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Embryos were exposed to two sizes of AgNPs at three dose levels, as well to free Ag(+) ions, for a range of 4-96 h post-fertilization (hpf). The acute exposure study showed that exposure to AgNPs affected the neurological development, and the exposed embryos exhibited anomalies such as small head with hypoplastic hindbrain, small eye and cardiac defects. At the molecular level, AgNPs altered the expression profiles of neural development-related genes (gfap, huC and ngn1), metal-sensitive metallothioneins and ABCC genes in exposed embryos. The expression of AhR2 and Cyp1A, which are usually considered to mediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity, were also significantly changed. A size-dependent uptake of AgNPs was observed, whereby 4 nm AgNPs were more efficiently taken up compared with the 10 nm-sized particles. Importantly, the head area accumulated AgNPs more efficiently than the trunk area of exposed zebrafish embryos. No free Ag(+) ions, which can be potentially released from the AgNP solutions, were detected. This study suggests that AgNPs could affect the neural development of zebrafish embryos, and the toxicity of AgNPs may be partially attributed to the comparatively higher uptake in the head area. These results indicate the potential neurotoxicity of AgNPs and could be extended to other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- School of Biological, Biomedical & Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Jinping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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134
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Dominguez GA, Lohse SE, Torelli MD, Murphy CJ, Hamers RJ, Orr G, Klaper RD. Effects of charge and surface ligand properties of nanoparticles on oxidative stress and gene expression within the gut of Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:1-9. [PMID: 25734859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Concern has been raised regarding the current and future release of engineered nanomaterials into aquatic environments from industry and other sources. However, not all nanomaterials may cause an environmental impact and identifying which nanomaterials may be of greatest concern has been difficult. It is thought that the surface groups of a functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) may play a significant role in determining their interactions with aquatic organisms, but the way in which surface properties of NPs impact their toxicity in whole organisms has been minimally explored. A major point of interaction of NPs with aquatic organisms is in the gastrointestinal tract as they ingest particulates from the water column or from the sediment. The main goal of this study was to use model gold NP (AuNPs) to evaluate the potential effects of the different surfaces groups on NPs on the gut of an aquatic model organism, Daphnia magna. In this study, we exposed daphnids to a range of AuNPs concentrations and assessed the impact of AuNP exposure in the daphnid gut by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and general cellular stress: glutathione S-transferase (gst), catalase (cat), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), and metallothionein1 (mt1). We found ROS formation and gene expression were impacted by both charge and the specific surface ligand used. We detected some degree of ROS production in all NP exposures, but positively charged AuNPs induced a greater ROS response. Similarly, we observed that, compared to controls, both positively charged AuNPs and only one negatively AuNP impacted expression of genes associated with cellular stress. Finally, ligand-AuNP exposures showed a different toxicity and gene expression profile than the ligand alone, indicating a NP specific effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Dominguez
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Samuel E Lohse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marco D Torelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
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135
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Zuo Y, Chen G, Zeng G, Li Z, Yan M, Chen A, Guo Z, Huang Z, Tan Q. Transport, fate, and stimulating impact of silver nanoparticles on the removal of Cd(II) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:236-244. [PMID: 25497315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the knowledge about increasing discharge of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into wastewater and its potential toxicity to microorganisms, the interaction of AgNPs with heavy metals in the biological removal process remains poorly understood. This study focused on the effect of AgNPs (hydrodynamic diameter about 24.3±0.37 nm) on the removal of cadmium (Cd(II)) by using a model white rot fungus species, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Results showed that the biological removal capacity of Cd(II) increased with the concentration of AgNPs increasing from 0.1 mg/L to 1 mg/L. The maximum removal capacity (4.67 mg/g) was located at 1 mg/L AgNPs, and then decreased with further increasing AgNPs concentration, suggesting that an appropriate concentration of AgNPs has a stimulating effect on the removal of Cd(II) by P. chrysosporium instead of an inhibitory effect. Results of Ag(+) and total Ag concentrations in the solutions together with those of SEM and XRD demonstrated that added AgNPs had undergone oxidative dissolution and transported from the solution to the surface of fungal mycelia (up to 94%). FTIR spectra confirmed that amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and other reducing functional groups were involved in Cd(II) removal, AgNPs transportation, and the reduction of Ag(+) to AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zuo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guiqiu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zhi Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiong Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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136
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Sajid M, Ilyas M, Basheer C, Tariq M, Daud M, Baig N, Shehzad F. Impact of nanoparticles on human and environment: review of toxicity factors, exposures, control strategies, and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4122-43. [PMID: 25548015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the world through introduction of a unique class of materials and consumer products in many arenas. It has led to production of innovative materials and devices. Despite of their unique advantages and applications in domestic and industrial sectors, use of materials with dimensions in nanometers has raised the issue of safety for workers, consumers, and human environment. Because of their small size and other unique characteristics, nanoparticles have ability to harm human and wildlife by interacting through various mechanisms. We have reviewed the characteristics of nanoparticles which form the basis of their toxicity. This paper also reviews possible routes of exposure of nanoparticles to human body. Dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion have been discussed in detail. As very limited data is available for long-term human exposures, there is a pressing need to develop the methods which can determine short and long-term effects of nanoparticles on human and environment. We also discuss in brief the strategies which can help to control human exposures to toxic nanoparticles. We have outlined the current status of toxicological studies dealing with nanoparticles, accomplishments, weaknesses, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia,
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137
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Carew AC, Hoque ME, Metcalfe CD, Peyrot C, Wilkinson KJ, Helbing CC. Chronic sublethal exposure to silver nanoparticles disrupts thyroid hormone signaling during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:99-108. [PMID: 25531432 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are engineered in the nanoscale (<100 nm) to have unique physico-chemical properties from their bulk counterparts. Nanosilver particles (AgNPs) are the most prevalent NPs in consumer products due to their strong antimicrobial action. While AgNP toxicity at high concentrations has been thoroughly investigated, the sublethal effects at or below regulatory guidelines are relatively unknown. Amphibian metamorphosis is mediated by thyroid hormone (TH), and initial studies with bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) indicate that low concentrations of AgNPs disrupt TH-dependent responses in premetamorphic tadpole tailfin tissue. The present study examined the effects of low, non-lethal, environmentally-relevant AgNP concentrations (0.018, 0.18 or 1.8 μg/L Ag; ∼10 nm particle size) on naturally metamorphosing Xenopus laevis tadpoles in two-28 day chronic exposures beginning with either pre- or prometamorphic developmental stages. Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation with online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis indicated a mixture of single AgNPs with homo-agglomerates in the exposure water with a significant portion (∼30-40%) found as dissolved Ag. Tadpoles bioaccumulated AgNPs and displayed transient alterations in snout/vent and hindlimb length with AgNP exposure. Using MAGEX microarray and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction transcript analyses, AgNP-induced disruption of five TH-responsive targets was observed. The increased mRNA abundance of two peroxidase genes by AgNP exposure suggests the presence of reactive oxygen species even at low, environmentally-relevant concentrations. Furthermore, differential responsiveness to AgNPs was observed at each developmental stage. Therefore, low concentrations of AgNPs had developmental stage-specific endocrine disrupting effects during TH-dependent metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Carew
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - M Ehsanul Hoque
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Caroline Peyrot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kevin J Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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138
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Djurišić AB, Leung YH, Ng AMC, Xu XY, Lee PKH, Degger N, Wu RSS. Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles: mechanisms, characterization, and avoiding experimental artefacts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:26-44. [PMID: 25303765 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanomaterials are widely used in practical applications and represent a class of nanomaterials with the highest global annual production. Many of those, such as TiO2 and ZnO, are generally considered non-toxic due to the lack of toxicity of the bulk material. However, these materials typically exhibit toxicity to bacteria and fungi, and there have been emerging concerns about their ecotoxicity effects. The understanding of the toxicity mechanisms is incomplete, with different studies often reporting contradictory results. The relationship between the material properties and toxicity appears to be complex and diifficult to understand, which is partly due to incomplete characterization of the nanomaterial, and possibly due to experimental artefacts in the characterization of the nanomaterial and/or its interactions with living organisms. This review discusses the comprehensive characterization of metal oxide nanomaterials and the mechanisms of their toxicity.
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139
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Hawkins AD, Thornton C, Kennedy AJ, Bu K, Cizdziel J, Jones BW, Steevens JA, Willett KL. Gill histopathologies following exposure to nanosilver or silver nitrate. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:301-315. [PMID: 25734626 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.971386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fish gill is the site for many crucial physiological functions. It is among the first sites of xenobiotic exposure, and gill histopathological alterations may be detected soon after toxicant exposure. Silver (Ag) is one of the most toxic metals to aquatic organisms mainly due to its ability to disrupt ionic regulation. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of ionic and nanoscale Ag on fathead minnow gills by examining gill histology and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase immunoreactivity. Fathead minnows were exposed to two measured concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3: 1.3 or 3.7 μg/L as Ag(+)), citrate silver nanoparticles (citrate-AgNP: 15 or 39 μg/L), and polyvinylpyrrolidone-AgNP (PVP-AgNP) (AgNP: 11 or 50 μg/L). Circulatory disturbances were the most prevalent gill alterations detected and were significantly increased in all Ag treatment groups compared to control. AgNO3 (1.3 μg/L) was the only treatment that significantly elevated the number of total mucous goblet cells present. In all other Ag treatments, the percent of degenerated goblet cells was significantly increased compared to control. When the sum of all histopathological abnormalities (weighted index) was calculated, all Ag groups displayed a significantly higher index, with citrate-AgNP having the highest toxicity (index of 10 ± 0.32 versus 2.4 ± 0.6 in controls). Gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase immunoreactivity was decreased by Ag. These results indicated that both AgNO3 and AgNP created similar disruptions in gill structure and ionic regulation, possibly due to the ionic Ag portion of each treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hawkins
- a Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Environmental Toxicology Research Program , School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi , USA
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140
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Ecotoxicology of Nanomaterials in Aquatic Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-099948-7.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
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141
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Skalska J, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Strużyńska L. Synaptic degeneration in rat brain after prolonged oral exposure to silver nanoparticles. Neurotoxicology 2014; 46:145-54. [PMID: 25447321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity of silver nanoparticles has been confirmed in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the mechanisms of the toxic action have not been fully clarified. Since nanoparticles are likely to have the ability to enter the brain and significantly accumulate in this organ, it is important to investigate their neurotoxic mechanisms. Here we examine the effect of prolonged exposure of rats to small (10nm) citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (as opposed to the ionic silver) on synapse ultrastructure and specific proteins. Administration of both nanosilver and ionic silver over a two-week period resulted in ultrastructural changes including blurred synapse structure and strongly enhanced density of synaptic vesicles clustering in the center of the presynaptic part. Disturbed synaptic membrane leading to liberation of synaptic vesicles into neuropil, which testifies for strong synaptic degeneration, was characteristic feature observed under AgNPs exposure. Also a noteworthy finding was the presence of myelin-like structures derived from fragmented membranes and organelles which are associated with neurodegenerative processes. Additionally, we observed significantly decreased levels of the presynaptic proteins synapsin I and synaptophysin, as well as PSD-95 protein which is an indicator of postsynaptic densities. The present study demonstrates that exposure of adult rats to both forms of silver leads to ultrastructural changes in synapses. However, it seems that small AgNPs lead to more severe synaptic degeneration, mainly in the hippocampal region of brain. The observations may indicate impairment of nerve function and, in the case of hippocampus, may predict impairment of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skalska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Frontczak-Baniewicz
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Strużyńska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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142
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Strużyński W, Dąbrowska-Bouta B, Grygorowicz T, Ziemińska E, Strużyńska L. Markers of oxidative stress in hepatopancreas of crayfish (Orconectes limosus, raf) experimentally exposed to nanosilver. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1283-1291. [PMID: 23460582 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles, chemically neutral particles in the size range of 1-100 nm, express strong antimicrobial activity and therefore have a broad range of applications. The increased use of consumer products with nanosilver (nanoAg) may result in its release into the environment, and may particularly affect aquatic systems. The mechanisms of the harmful effects of nanoAg against aquatic organisms are unclear. Therefore, in the present study we investigate the pro-oxidative potential of these nanoparticles in experimentally exposed crayfish Orconectes limosus. Markers of oxidative stress and parameters of the antioxidant cell defense system such as total glutathione, glutathione reductase and the level of sulfhydryl groups were examined in the hepatopancreas of both sexes of O. limosus collected seasonally from Białe Lake (Poland) and subsequently exposed to nanoAg particles for 2 weeks. Exposure to nanoAg led to a high concentration-dependent increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation and a decrease of protein-bound SH groups which indicates protein oxidation. These markers of oxidative stress were accompanied by decreased levels of thiols and reduced activity of glutathione reductase. These results indicate a deficiency of reduced glutathione and suggest that the exposed organisms have less efficient antioxidative mechanisms available to counter ROS-mediated cellular stress. Furthermore, we find that confocal microscopy is of limited utility in monitoring the presence of silver nanoparticles in tissues of exposed crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Strużyński
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Unit of Zoology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science, 8 Ciszewskiego str., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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143
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Cong Y, Banta GT, Selck H, Berhanu D, Valsami-Jones E, Forbes VE. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated silver nanoparticles in the estuarine polychaete, Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:106-115. [PMID: 25179147 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the toxicities of sediment-associated silver added to sediment as commercially available silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 20 and 80 nm) and aqueous Ag (AgNO3) to the estuarine polychaete, Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor, were investigated for both individual and subcellular endpoints after 10 d of exposure. Both Ag NP types were characterized in parallel to the toxicity studies and found to be polydispersed and overlapping in size. Burrowing activity decreased (marginally) with increasing Ag concentration and depended on the form of Ag added to sediment. All worms accumulated Ag regardless of the form in which it was added to the sediment, and worm size (expressed as dry weight) was found to significantly affect bioaccumulation such that smaller worms accumulated more Ag per body weight than larger worms. Lysosomal membrane permeability (neutral red retention time, NRRT) and DNA damage (comet assay tail moment and tail DNA intensity %) of Nereis coelomocytes increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all three Ag treatments. Ag NP treatments were more toxic than aqueous Ag for all toxicity endpoints, even though bioaccumulation did not differ significantly among Ag forms. No significant difference in toxicity was observed between the two Ag NP treatments which was attributed to their overlap in particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cong
- Department of Environmental Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC), Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Gary T Banta
- Department of Environmental Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC), Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Henriette Selck
- Department of Environmental Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC), Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Deborah Berhanu
- Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Valery E Forbes
- Department of Environmental Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC), Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 348 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.
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144
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Massarsky A, Trudeau VL, Moon TW. Predicting the environmental impact of nanosilver. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:861-873. [PMID: 25461546 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are incorporated into many consumer and medical products due to their antimicrobial properties; however, the potential environmental risks of AgNPs are yet to be fully understood. This mini-review aims to predict the environmental impact of AgNPs, thus supplementing previous reviews on this topic. To this end, the AgNP production, environmental release and fate, predicted environmental concentrations in surface water, sediment, and sludge-activated soil, as well as reported toxicity and proposed toxic mechanisms are discussed, focusing primarily on fish. Furthermore, knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced, Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced, Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas W Moon
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced, Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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145
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Chronic effect of waterborne silver nanoparticles on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): histopathology and bioaccumulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-2019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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146
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Jang MH, Kim WK, Lee SK, Henry TB, Park JW. Uptake, tissue distribution, and depuration of total silver in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after aqueous exposure to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11568-11574. [PMID: 25171685 DOI: 10.1021/es5022813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increased use and disposal of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has led to their release from wastewater treatment plants into surface waters and concern over potential for negative effects in aquatic organisms. Investigations of the toxicity of AgNPs in fish have considered various species, exposure routes, and test end points; however, the toxicokinetics of total silver has not been studied in fish exposed to aqueous AgNPs. In this study, we investigated the toxicokinetics of total silver in common carp (Cayprinus carpio) exposed to AgNPs [0.62 ± 0.12 (mean ± standard deviation) mg L(-1)] for 7 days followed by a 2 week depuration period. During exposure and depuration, fish were sampled, tissues were excised (gills, brain, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and blood) and digested in acid, and total silver concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Total silver in tissues increased during the 7 day exposure, and mean concentrations were 5.61 mg/kg of liver, 3.32 mg/kg of gills, 2.93 mg/kg of gastrointestinal tract, 0.48 mg/kg of skeletal muscle, 0.14 mg/kg of brain, and 0.02 mg/kg of blood. Transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of silver in the tissues. After depuration for 14 days, total silver returned to control levels in all tissues except liver (4.22 mg/kg), gastrointestinal tract (1.26 mg/kg), and gills (0.77 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Jang
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Jinju 660-844, Republic of Korea
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147
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Gomes T, Pereira CG, Cardoso C, Sousa VS, Teixeira MR, Pinheiro JP, Bebianno MJ. Effects of silver nanoparticles exposure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 101:208-214. [PMID: 25066339 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have emerged as one of the most commonly used NPs in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. This has caused increasing concern about their fate in the environment as well as uptake and potential toxicity towards aquatic organisms. Accordingly, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to 10 μg L(-1) of Ag NPs and ionic silver (Ag+) for 15 days, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and metal accumulation were determined. Accumulation results show that both Ag NPs and Ag+ accumulated in both gills and digestive glands. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) were activated by Ag NPs and Ag+, showing different antioxidant patterns in both gills and digestive glands. Moreover, metallothionein was inducted in gills, directly related to Ag accumulation, while in the digestive glands only a small fraction of Ag seems to be associated with this protein. Lipid peroxidation was higher in gills exposed to Ag NPs, whereas in the digestive glands only Ag+ induced lipid peroxidation. Ag NPs and Ag+ cause oxidative stress with distinct modes of action and it's not clear if for Ag NPs the observed effects are attributed to free Ag+ ions associated with the nanoparticle effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Gomes
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Catarina G Pereira
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Cardoso
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Serrão Sousa
- CENSE and University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Ribau Teixeira
- CENSE and University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José P Pinheiro
- CBME, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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148
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López-Serrano A, Muñoz-Olivas R, Sanz-Landaluze J, Olasagasti M, Rainieri S, Cámara C. Comparison of bioconcentration of ionic silver and silver nanoparticles in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 191:207-214. [PMID: 24858804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of silver nanoparticles has reached nowadays high levels. Bioconcentration studies, information on persistence and toxicity are fundamental to assess their global risk and thus necessary to establish legislations regarding their use. Previous studies on silver nanoparticle toxicity have determined a clear correlation between their chemical stability and toxicity. In this work, experimental conditions able to assure silver nanoparticles stability have been optimized. Then, zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos were exposed to ionic silver and to Ag NPs for comparison purposes. A protocol alternative to the OECD 305 technical guideline was used. To determine silver concentration in both the eleutheroembryos and the exposure media, an analytical method consisting in ultrasound assisted extraction, followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, was developed. Then, bioconcentration factors were calculated. The results revealed that ionic silver was more accumulative for zebrafish eleutheroembryos than nanoparticles at the levels tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Serrano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Muñoz-Olivas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Olasagasti
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Food Research Division, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - S Rainieri
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Food Research Division, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - C Cámara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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149
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Katuli KK, Massarsky A, Hadadi A, Pourmehran Z. Silver nanoparticles inhibit the gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and erythrocyte AChE activities and induce the stress response in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:173-180. [PMID: 24840880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commonly used metallic nanoparticles in industrial applications, including medical and consumer products. In the recent years, however, concerns regarding their environmental and health impacts have emerged. Aquatic organisms are of special concern since water bodies often serve as sinks for anthropogenic activities. This study assessed the effects of AgNPs on the activities of the gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and erythrocyte acetylcholinestrase (AChE), as well as the plasma biochemistry in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). In an acute exposure scenario the fish were exposed for 4d to 16.76 mg/L AgNPs, which was the 96 h LC50 value determined in preliminary experiments. In a prolonged exposure scenario the fish were exposed for 1, 2, or 3 weeks to AgNPs at concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/L, corresponding to the 1/10th and 2/10th of the 96 h LC50 value. Generally the activity of the gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase decreased, but this was only significant starting at 14 d of the prolonged exposure scenario, whereas the activity of the erythrocyte AChE was significantly decreased in both exposure scenarios. Finally, the plasma electrolytes levels were reduced and the plasma glucose and cortisol levels were increased in exposed fish. This study demonstrates that AgNPs could inhibit the activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and AChE, thus interfering with the proper ionoregulation and neuroregulation, respectively, and act as stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheyrollah Khosravi Katuli
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences,, Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Hadadi
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourmehran
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran
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150
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Jiao ZH, Li M, Feng YX, Shi JC, Zhang J, Shao B. Hormesis effects of silver nanoparticles at non-cytotoxic doses to human hepatoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102564. [PMID: 25033410 PMCID: PMC4102499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted considerable attentions due to their unique properties and diverse applications. Although it has been reported that AgNPs have acute toxic effects on a variety of cultured mammalian cells and animal models, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the associated risk of AgNPs to human health at non-cytotoxic doses. In this paper, HepG2 cells were exposed to 10 nm and 100 nm AgNPs under non-cytotoxic conditions, and cell viability was assessed. At low doses, AgNPs displayed "hormesis" effects by accelerating cell proliferation. Further studies indicated that the activation states of MAPKs were differentially regulated in this process. Specifically, by increasing the expression of downstream genes, p38 MAPK played a central role in non-cytotoxic AgNP-induced hormesis. Moreover, the treatment of HepG2 cells with silver ions (Ag+) at the same dose levels induced distinct biological effects, suggesting that different intrinsic properties exist for AgNPs and Ag+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xing Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Chen Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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