101
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Masoudi S, Hassanzadeh Nemati A, Fazli HR, Beygi S, Moradzadeh M, Pourshams A, Mohamadkhani A. An Increased Level of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Middle East J Dig Dis 2018; 11:38-44. [PMID: 31049181 PMCID: PMC6488497 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2018.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aryl-carbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is best known for its ability to mediate the effects of environmental toxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AhR is expressed in several tumor cells and regulates the expression of genes in the signal transduction pathways. In this study, we examined the soluble levels of AhR in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS 123 samples, including 59 (48%) samples of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on histological evidence and 64 (52%) healthy control samples, were evaluated to determine plasma levels of AhR by Enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS
The median of AhR among patients was 0.280 ng/mL, which differed considerably from 0.07 ng/mL in the control group (p < 0.001). Significant differences of the AhR were observed between the plasma samples of the patients compared with the healthy group, with respect to male sex (p < 0.001), age groups (p = 0.001), diabetic status (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) categories (p = 0.035), and constantly smokers (p < 0.001). We also observed significant differences between the level of AhR expression between men and women (p = 0.01) and ever to never smokers (p = 0.009) in the case group. In addition, the age of 65 and a BMI of 25 or less were significant factors in plasma AhR levels ([1.61 95%CI 1.08-2.38] and [1.84 95%CI 1.22-2.77], respectively).
CONCLUSION The results of this study can add diagnostic information to pancreatic cancer involving AhR and the potential efficacy of this receptor in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Masoudi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hassanzadeh Nemati
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Fazli
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Beygi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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102
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Vondráček J, Pivnička J, Machala M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and disruption of steroid signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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103
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Nakajima R, Miyagaki T, Morimura S, Fukasawa T, Oka T, Yoshizaki A, Sugaya M, Sato S. Exacerbated Immune Complex-Mediated Vascular Injury in Mice with Heterozygous Deficiency of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor through Upregulation of Fcγ Receptor III Expression on Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2195-2204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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104
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Luo CW, Hsiao IL, Wang JY, Wu CC, Hung WC, Lin YH, Chen TY, Hsu YC, Cheng TL, Pan MR. Cell Motility Facilitated by Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate via Activation of the AKT-β-Catenin-IL-8 Axis in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9635-9644. [PMID: 30188700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer that is widely used in many consumer products and medical devices. Humans can be exposed to DEHP through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption. Previous studies on DEHP have focused on its role as an endocrine-disrupting chemical leading to endocrine-related diseases. However, the correlation between DEHP exposure and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), an active metabolite of DEHP, on the progression of CRC. Our results showed that treatment with MEHP enriched the population of cancer-stem-cell (CSC)-like cells and upregulated IL-8 expression by inducing the AKT-β-catenin-TCF4 signaling pathway. Blocking β-catenin-TCF4-mediated IL-8 expression reversed the MEHP-induced migration and enrichment of CSC-like cells. Consistent with the in vitro data, DEHP treatment increased the levels of nuclear β-catenin, polyp formation, and invasive adenocarcinoma in a mouse model. Our results suggest that MEHP facilitates the progression of CRC through AKT-β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Cardiology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center , Kaohsiung 833 , Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research , National Health Research Institutes , Tainan 704 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chou Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine , E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung 824 , Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 804 , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Number 100, Tzyou First Road , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
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105
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Rannug A, Rannug U. The tryptophan derivative 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole, FICZ, a dynamic mediator of endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, balances cell growth and differentiation. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:555-574. [PMID: 30226107 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1493086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is not essential to survival, but does act as a key regulator of many normal physiological events. The role of this receptor in toxicological processes has been studied extensively, primarily employing the high-affinity ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). However, regulation of physiological responses by endogenous AHR ligands remains to be elucidated. Here, we review developments in this field, with a focus on 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), the endogenous ligand with the highest affinity to the receptor reported to date. The binding of FICZ to different isoforms of the AHR seems to be evolutionarily well conserved and there is a feedback loop that controls AHR activity through metabolic degradation of FICZ via the highly inducible cytochrome P450 1A1. Several investigations provide strong evidence that FICZ plays a critical role in normal physiological processes and can ameliorate immune diseases with remarkable efficiency. Low levels of FICZ are pro-inflammatory, providing resistance to pathogenic bacteria, stimulating the anti-tumor functions, and promoting the differentiation of cancer cells by repressing genes in cancer stem cells. In contrast, at high concentrations FICZ behaves in a manner similar to TCDD, exhibiting toxicity toward fish and bird embryos, immune suppression, and activation of cancer progression. The findings are indicative of a dual role for endogenously activated AHR in barrier tissues, aiding clearance of infections and suppressing immunity to terminate a vicious cycle that might otherwise lead to disease. There is not much support for the AHR ligand-specific immune responses proposed, the differences between FICZ and TCDD in this context appear to be explained by the rapid metabolism of FICZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Rannug
- a Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- b Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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106
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Inhibiting IDO pathways to treat cancer: lessons from the ECHO-301 trial and beyond. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:41-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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107
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Wei YL, Chen YQ, Gong H, Li N, Wu KQ, Hu W, Wang B, Liu KJ, Wen LZ, Xiao X, Chen DF. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Ameliorates Experimentally Induced Colitis in Mice by Upregulating AhR. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1921. [PMID: 30197631 PMCID: PMC6118168 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease that occurs in the colon and rectum. While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is gaining attention as a clinical treatment of UC, the molecular mechanisms behind this effect have yet to be fully understood. A C57BL/6 mouse model was established to test whether FMT promotes the recovery of colon inflammation. Administration of 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days successfully induced acute colitis, as evidenced by diarrhea, hematochezia and colon shortening as well as a decrease in body weight. FMT alleviated the severity of colon mucosa injury and improved histological alterations compared with that of the DSS group. In addition, FMT promoted homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, FMT upregulated the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in colon tissues. These results suggest that the significant anti-inflammatory effect of FMT may be attributed to its promotion of IL-10 and TGF-β production and AHR activation. Based on these results, FMT had a favorable therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang-Qi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang-Zhi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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108
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Salisbury TB, Arthur S. The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082373. [PMID: 30103560 PMCID: PMC6121554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer is associated with increases in amino acid uptake by cancer cells. Upon their entry into cells through specific transporters, exogenous amino acids are used to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and to generate ATP. The essential amino acid leucine is also important for maintaining cancer-associated signaling pathways. By upregulating amino acid transporters, cancer cells gain greater access to exogenous amino acids to support chronic proliferation, maintain metabolic pathways, and to enhance certain signal transduction pathways. Suppressing cancer growth by targeting amino acid transporters will require an in-depth understanding of how cancer cells acquire amino acids, in particular, the transporters involved and which cancer pathways are most sensitive to amino acid deprivation. L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) mediates the uptake of essential amino acids and its expression is upregulated during the progression of several cancers. We will review the upstream regulators of LAT1 and the downstream effects caused by the overexpression of LAT1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Salisbury
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical & Translational Science, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Subha Arthur
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical & Translational Science, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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109
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Pushparajah DS, Ioannides C. Antagonistic and synergistic interactions during the binding of binary mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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110
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Huang Y, He J, Liang H, Hu K, Jiang S, Yang L, Mei S, Zhu X, Yu J, Kijlstra A, Yang P, Hou S. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulates Apoptosis and Inflammation in a Murine Model of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1713. [PMID: 30090104 PMCID: PMC6068235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is characterized as a common cause of blindness worldwide. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor, has been implicated to play a role in human uveitis, although the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to enhance our knowledge concerning the role of AhR during intraocular inflammation. We immunized wild-type and AhR-knockout C57BL/6J mice with IRBP651–670 to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Disease severity was evaluated with both clinical and histopathological grading. Blood–retinal barrier (BRB) integrity was tested by Evans blue and tight junction proteins qualifications. Apoptosis was measured using TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. Macrophage/microglia activation and polarization were studied by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Following EAU induction, AhR−/− mice had more severe clinical and histopathological manifestations of uveitis than AhR+/+ mice. Increased vascular permeability and apoptotic cells were observed in AhR−/− EAU mice when compared with AhR+/+ EAU mice. In addition, AhR−/− EAU mice showed evidence of a significantly increased macrophage/microglia cells and a stronger polarization from the M2 to the M1 phenotype as compared to AhR+/+ EAU mice. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were increased in AhR−/− EAU mice, which was associated with the activation of NF-κB and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an agonist of AhR, caused a significant decrease in the clinical and histopathological manifestations, preserved BRB integrity, reduced apoptotic cells, inhibited macrophage/microglia activation, and shifted their polarization from M1 toward M2. Moreover, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and inhibition of NF-κB and STAT pathways were found in EAU mice following TCDD treatment. In conclusion, AhR activation with TCDD exhibits an immunomodulatory effect by reducing BRB breakdown, inhibiting retinal cell apoptosis, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression during EAU. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of macrophages/microglia polarization and the downregulation of NF-κB and STAT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Junchi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoqiu Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Suyin Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
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111
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Donovan MG, Selmin OI, Romagnolo DF. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Diet and Breast Cancer Risk. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 91:105-127. [PMID: 29962921 PMCID: PMC6020732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. However, the majority of breast malignancies are of sporadic etiology. Therefore, identifying risk-mitigating factors may significantly decrease the burden of breast cancer. Diet can have both a predisposing and protective role in breast tumorigenesis. However, establishing efficacy of dietary constituents for cancer prevention has been limited by suboptimal dietary assessment. There is a need to acquire new experimental evidence that can be used to discriminate beneficial from harmful dietary constituents. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is recognized as the mediator of halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicities. Importantly, evidence points to a breast tumor-promoting role for the AhR. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that the AhR is overexpressed in advanced and triple negative breast cancers. Several dietary constituents, namely flavonoid compounds, have demonstrated inhibitory effects on AhR activation. Given this background, in this paper we elaborate on the working hypothesis that a diet rich in AhR food agonists favors breast tumor development, whereas a diet rich in AhR food antagonists is protective. As an initial approach to developing an AhR diet hypothesis, we conducted a review of published studies reporting on the association between intake of AhR inhibitory foods and risk of breast cancer. To assist the reader with interpretation of the concepts leading to the AhR diet hypothesis, we have preceded this review with an overview of AhR biology and its role in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G. Donovan
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ornella I. Selmin
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Donato F. Romagnolo
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Donato F. Romagnolo, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Room 3999A, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Tel: 520-626-9751; Fax: 520-621-9446.
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112
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Tasker TL, Burgos WD, Piotrowski P, Castillo-Meza L, Blewett TA, Ganow KB, Stallworth A, Delompré PLM, Goss GG, Fowler LB, Vanden Heuvel JP, Dorman F, Warner NR. Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Spreading Oil and Gas Wastewater on Roads. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7081-7091. [PMID: 29845864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen states in the United States allow the spreading of O&G wastewaters on roads for deicing or dust suppression. In this study, the potential environmental and human health impacts of this practice are evaluated. Analyses of O&G wastewaters spread on roads in the northeastern, U.S. show that these wastewaters have salt, radioactivity, and organic contaminant concentrations often many times above drinking water standards. Bioassays also indicated that these wastewaters contain organic micropollutants that affected signaling pathways consistent with xenobiotic metabolism and caused toxicity to aquatic organisms like Daphnia magna. The potential toxicity of these wastewaters is a concern as lab experiments demonstrated that nearly all of the metals from these wastewaters leach from roads after rain events, likely reaching ground and surface water. Release of a known carcinogen (e.g., radium) from roads treated with O&G wastewaters has been largely ignored. In Pennsylvania from 2008 to 2014, spreading O&G wastewater on roads released over 4 times more radium to the environment (320 millicuries) than O&G wastewater treatment facilities and 200 times more radium than spill events. Currently, state-by-state regulations do not require radium analyses prior to treating roads with O&G wastewaters. Methods for reducing the potential impacts of spreading O&G wastewaters on roads are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Tasker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , 212 Sackett Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - W D Burgos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , 212 Sackett Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - P Piotrowski
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , 104 Chemistry Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - L Castillo-Meza
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , 212 Sackett Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - T A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , 11455 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E0 , Canada
| | - K B Ganow
- Penn State Law , The Pennsylvania State University , Lewis Katz Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - A Stallworth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , 212 Sackett Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - P L M Delompré
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , 11455 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E0 , Canada
| | - G G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , 11455 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E0 , Canada
| | - L B Fowler
- Penn State Law , The Pennsylvania State University , Lewis Katz Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - J P Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , 115 Henning Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
- INDIGO Biosciences, Inc., 1981 Pine Hall Road , State College , Pennsylvania 16801 , United States
| | - F Dorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Pennsylvania State University , 107 Althouse Lab , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - N R Warner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , 212 Sackett Building , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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113
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In vitro toxicity and in silico docking analysis of two novel selective AH-receptor modulators. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:178-188. [PMID: 29908305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mediator of dioxin toxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), has also important physiological functions. Selective AHR modulators (SAHRMs) share some effects of dioxins, except for their marked toxicity. We recently characterised toxicologically two novel SAHRMs, prodrugs IMA-08401 and IMA-07101 in rats, demonstrating that they are far less deleterious than the most toxic AHR-agonist, TCDD. Here, we analysed the in vitro toxicity and in silico AHR binding of the respective active, deacetylated metabolites, IMA-06201 (N-ethyl-N-phenyl-5-chloro-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide) and IMA-06504 (N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide). In H4IIE rat hepatoma cells, IMA-06201 and IMA-06504 induced CYP1A1 with comparable potencies and efficacies to those of TCDD. They had little effect on cell viability as assessed by LDH leakage and MTT reduction assays, and were not mutagenic in the Ames test, but IMA-06504 elicited a maximally 2.7-fold increase in micronuclei. Molecular docking simulations showed that similar to TCDD, they occupy the central region of AHR ligand binding cavity. Hence, while showing low to negligible in vitro toxicity, these novel SAHRMs bind to the AHR qualitatively in a similar fashion to TCDD, and appear comparably powerful AHR agonists. Combined with our earlier results demonstrating that they seem considerably less toxic in vivo than TCDD, these compounds are thus highly interesting new SAHRMs.
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114
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Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that alter the structure and function of the endocrine system and may be contributing to disorders of the reproductive, metabolic, neuroendocrine and other complex systems. Typically, these outcomes cannot be modeled in cell-based or other simple systems necessitating the use of animal testing. Appropriate animal model selection is required to effectively recapitulate the human experience, including relevant dosing and windows of exposure, and ensure translational utility and reproducibility. While classical toxicology heavily relies on inbred rats and mice, and focuses on apical endpoints such as tumor formation or birth defects, EDC researchers have used a greater diversity of species to effectively model more subtle but significant outcomes such as changes in pubertal timing, mammary gland development, and social behaviors. Advances in genomics, neuroimaging and other tools are making a wider range of animal models more widely available to EDC researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Patisaul
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - David Aylor
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Bioinformatics Research Center, W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Towards Resolving the Pro- and Anti-Tumor Effects of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051388. [PMID: 29735912 PMCID: PMC5983651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have postulated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) drives the later, more lethal stages of some cancers when chronically activated by endogenous ligands. However, other studies have suggested that, under some circumstances, the AHR can oppose tumor aggression. Resolving this apparent contradiction is critical to the design of AHR-targeted cancer therapeutics. Molecular (siRNA, shRNA, AHR repressor, CRISPR-Cas9) and pharmacological (AHR inhibitors) approaches were used to confirm the hypothesis that AHR inhibition reduces human cancer cell invasion (irregular colony growth in 3D Matrigel cultures and Boyden chambers), migration (scratch wound assay) and metastasis (human cancer cell xenografts in zebrafish). Furthermore, these assays were used for a head-to-head comparison between AHR antagonists and agonists. AHR inhibition or knockdown/knockout consistently reduced human ER−/PR−/Her2− and inflammatory breast cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. This was associated with a decrease in invasion-associated genes (e.g., Fibronectin, VCAM1, Thrombospondin, MMP1) and an increase in CDH1/E-cadherin, previously associated with decreased tumor aggression. Paradoxically, AHR agonists (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and/or 3,3′-diindolylmethane) similarly inhibited irregular colony formation in Matrigel and blocked metastasis in vivo but accelerated migration. These data demonstrate the complexity of modulating AHR activity in cancer while suggesting that AHR inhibitors, and, under some circumstances, AHR agonists, may be useful as cancer therapeutics.
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Guastella AR, Michelhaugh SK, Klinger NV, Fadel HA, Kiousis S, Ali-Fehmi R, Kupsky WJ, Juhász C, Mittal S. Investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the intrinsic tumoral component of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in primary brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:239-249. [PMID: 29667084 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is mounting evidence supporting the role of tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP) in the pathogenesis of primary brain tumors. Under normal physiological conditions, the KP is the major catabolic pathway for the essential amino acid tryptophan. However, in cancer cells, the KP becomes dysregulated, depletes local tryptophan, and contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. METHODS We examined the protein expression levels (in 73 gliomas and 48 meningiomas) of the KP rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) 1, IDO2, and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), as well as, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a carcinogenic transcription factor activated by KP metabolites. In addition, we utilized commercially available small-molecules to pharmacologically modulate IDO1, IDO2, TDO2, and AhR in patient-derived glioma and meningioma cell lines (n = 9 each). RESULTS We observed a positive trend between the grade of the tumor and the average immunohistochemical staining score for IDO1, IDO2, and TDO2, with TDO2 displaying the strongest immunostaining. AhR immunostaining was present in all grades of gliomas and meningiomas, with the greatest staining intensity noted in glioblastomas. Immunocytochemical staining showed a positive trend between nuclear localization of AhR and histologic grade in both gliomas and meningiomas, suggesting increased AhR activation with higher tumor grade. Unlike enzyme inhibition, AhR antagonism markedly diminished patient-derived tumor cell viability, regardless of tumor type or grade, following in vitro drug treatments. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that AhR may offer a novel and robust therapeutic target for a patient population with highly limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Guastella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Neil V Klinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hassan A Fadel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sam Kiousis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - William J Kupsky
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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117
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Tryptophan catabolites along the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway as a biological link between depression and cancer. Behav Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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118
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Wong TH, Lee CL, Su HH, Lee CL, Wu CC, Wang CC, Sheu CC, Lai RS, Leung SY, Lin CC, Wei YF, Wang CJ, Lin YC, Chen HL, Huang MS, Yen JH, Huang SK, Suen JL. A prominent air pollutant, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, enhances allergic lung inflammation via aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5198. [PMID: 29581487 PMCID: PMC5979946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with asthma, but its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely defined. We report herein that elevated levels of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, a biomarker of PAH exposure, were found in asthmatic subjects (n = 39) as compared to those in healthy subjects (n = 43) living in an industrial city of Taiwan, where indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP) was found to be a prominent PAH associated with ambient PM2.5. In a mouse model, intranasal exposure of mice with varying doses of IP significantly enhanced antigen-induced allergic inflammation, including increased airway eosinophilia, Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-5, as well as antigen-specific IgE level, which was absent in dendritic cell (DC)-specific aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-null mice. Mechanistically, IP treatment significantly altered DC's function, including increased level of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and decreased generation of anti-inflammatory IL-10. The IP's effect was lost in DCs from mice carrying an AhR-mutant allele. Taken together, these results suggest that chronic exposure to environmental PAHs may pose a significant risk for asthma, in which IP, a prominent ambient PAH in Taiwan, was shown to enhance the severity of allergic lung inflammation in mice through, at least in part, its ability in modulating DC's function in an AhR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Wong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Lin Lee
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Han Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chien Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Divison of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruay-Sheng Lai
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sum-Yee Leung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lin
- Chest Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Ping-Tung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Wei
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ling Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Divison of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Lou-Hu Hospital, Shen-Zhen University, Shen-Zhen, China
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Plummer SM, Wright J, Currie RA. Dose-dependent effects on rat liver miRNAs 200a/b and 429: potential early biomarkers of liver carcinogenesis. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:309-313. [PMID: 29556478 PMCID: PMC5856664 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased incidence of liver tumours in the long term rodent bioassay is not an uncommon finding, invariably as a result of a non-genotoxic mode of action. Non-genotoxic liver carcinogenesis has been found to involve activation of certain nuclear hormone receptors (NHR) including the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and more recently the induction of specific microRNAs (miRs), has also been demonstrated following CAR activation in studies up to 90 days (Koufaris et al., 2012). The stable induction of these tissue specific miRs, namely miR200a, 200b and 429, by liver non-genotoxic carcinogens may serve as early predictors (biomarkers) of heptocarcinogenic potential. To test this hypothesis we used RT-PCR to measure the levels of these miRs in the livers from Wistar rats treated with two rat hepatocarcinogenic and one non hepatocarcinogenic pyrazole carboxamide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, Isopyrazam, Sedaxane and Benzovindiflupyr, respectively. The miRs were quantified by RT-PCR in liver RNA samples from three 90 day repeat dose toxicity studies performed at the low, mid and high doses relative to control. In Isopyrazam treated rats a statistically significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent increase in miR 200a, 220b and 429 in both males and females was observed, whilst for Sedaxane a significant (p < 0.05) increase in miR200b in males and females at the high dose was seen. Benzovindiflupyr treatment did not cause any dose related changes in miR 200a, 200b and 429 relative to control. Our results suggest that assessment of miR 200a/200b/429 levels has potential as a biomarker of the perturbation of pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Further work is required to establish the possible relationship between miR200 cluster induction and CAR-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in a more diverse range of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Wright
- MicroMatrices Associates Ltd, Dundee, UK
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120
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Mescher M, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Modulation of CYP1A1 metabolism: From adverse health effects to chemoprevention and therapeutic options. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:71-87. [PMID: 29458109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 gene encodes a monooxygenase that metabolizes multiple exogenous and endogenous substrates. CYP1A1 has become infamous for its oxidative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, converting these chemicals into very potent human carcinogens. CYP1A1 expression is mainly controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor whose activation is induced by binding of persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins. Accordingly, induction of CYP1A1 expression and activity serves as a biomarker of AHR activation and associated xenobiotic metabolism as well as toxicity in diverse animal species and humans. Determination of CYP1A1 activity is integrated into modern toxicological concepts and testing guidelines, emphasizing the tremendous importance of this enzyme for risk assessment and regulation of chemicals. Further, CYP1A1 serves as a molecular target for chemoprevention of chemical carcinogenesis, although present literature is controversial on whether its inhibition or induction exerts beneficial effects. Regarding therapeutic applications, first anti-cancer prodrugs are available, which require a metabolic activation by CYP1A1, and thus enable a specific elimination of CYP1A1-positive tumors. However, the application range of these drugs may be limited due to the frequently observed downregulation of CYP1A1 in various human cancers, probably leading to a reduced metabolism of endogenous AHR ligands and a sustained activation of AHR and associated tumor-promoting responses. We here summarize the current knowledge on CYP1A1 as a key player in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substrates and as a promising target molecule for prevention and treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mescher
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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121
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Xue P, Fu J, Zhou Y. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:286. [PMID: 29487603 PMCID: PMC5816799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important cytosolic, ligand-dependent transcription factor. Emerging evidence suggests the promoting role of the AhR in the initiation, promotion, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Studies on various tumor types and tumor cell lines have shown high AhR expression, suggesting that AhR is activated constitutively in tumors and facilitates their growth. Interestingly, immune evasion has been recognized as an emerging hallmark feature of cancer. A connection between the AhR and immune system has been recognized, which has been suggested as an immunosuppressive effector on different types of immune cells. Certain cancers can escape immune recognition via AhR signaling pathways. This review discusses the role of the AhR in tumor immunity and its potential mechanism of action in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xue
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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122
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Vacher S, Castagnet P, Chemlali W, Lallemand F, Meseure D, Pocard M, Bieche I, Perrot-Applanat M. High AHR expression in breast tumors correlates with expression of genes from several signaling pathways namely inflammation and endogenous tryptophan metabolism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190619. [PMID: 29320557 PMCID: PMC5761880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological and animal experimental data provide substantial support for the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in mammary tumorigenesis. The effects of AhR have been clearly demonstrated in rodent models of breast carcinogenesis and in several established human breast cancer cell lines following exposure to AhR ligands or AhR overexpression. However, relatively little is known about the role of AhR in human breast cancers. AhR has always been considered to be a regulator of toxic and carcinogenic responses to environmental contaminants such as TCDD (dioxin) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The aim of this study was to identify the type of breast tumors (ERα-positive or ERα-negative) that express AHR and how AhR affects human tumorigenesis. The levels of AHR, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and AHR repressor (AHRR) mRNA expression were analyzed in a cohort of 439 breast tumors, demonstrating a weak association between high AHR expression and age greater than fifty years and ERα-negative status, and HR-/ERBB2 breast cancer subtypes. AHRR mRNA expression was associated with metastasis-free survival, while AHR mRNA expression was not. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of AhR protein in both tumor cells (nucleus and/or cytoplasm) and the tumor microenvironment (including endothelial cells and lymphocytes). High AHR expression was correlated with high expression of several genes involved in signaling pathways related to inflammation (IL1B, IL6, TNF, IL8 and CXCR4), metabolism (IDO1 and TDO2 from the kynurenine pathway), invasion (MMP1, MMP2 and PLAU), and IGF signaling (IGF2R, IGF1R and TGFB1). Two well-known ligands for AHR (TCDD and BaP) induced mRNA expression of IL1B and IL6 in an ERα-negative breast tumor cell line. The breast cancer ER status likely influences AhR activity involved in these signaling pathways. The mechanisms involved in AhR activation and target gene expression in breast cancers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrice Castagnet
- Department of Pathology, Lariboisière-Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Walid Chemlali
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Lallemand
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Pocard
- INSERM U965, Lariboisière-Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- University of Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- EA7331, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Martine Perrot-Applanat
- INSERM U965, Lariboisière-Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- University of Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
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Chou WC, Hsu CY, Ho CC, Hsieh JH, Chiang HC, Tsou TC, Chen YC, Lin P. Development of an in Vitro-Based Risk Assessment Framework for Predicting Ambient Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Activated Toxicity Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14262-14272. [PMID: 29192765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed throughout the atmosphere as mixtures attached to ambient particulate matter (PM). PAHs usually elicit similar toxicological pathways but do so with varying levels of efficacy. In this study, we utilized high-throughput screening (HTS) in vitro data of PAHs to predict health risks associated with coarse and fine PM. PM samples with 22 PAH compounds obtained from residential areas close to industrial parks in central Taiwan were analyzed. On the basis of the PM-bound PAH concentrations and their activities reported in HTS assays, we developed a probabilistic model for estimating cumulative exposure of humans to PAHs. Activity-to-exposure ratio (AER) values were calculated to compare relative risks of activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and tumor suppressor gene (p53) when children or adults were exposed to fine or coarse PM in different seasons. On the basis of AER values, the risk of fine PM exposure was relatively higher than the risk of exposure to coarse PM in pathway activation. Children as a susceptible population had a risk of the activating AhR pathway greater than that of adults. Particularly higher risks were observed in winter than in summer. Among three pathways, AhR was the most sensitive one activated by exposure to PAHs. In addition, the activation of the AhR, Nrf2, and p53 pathways was compared by in vitro reporter assays with and without the pre-extraction of PAHs from PM. Our proposed novel approach accounts for mixture toxicities in characterizing in vitro pathway-based risks via inhalation exposure to ambient PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan 35053, ROC
| | - Chin-Yu Hsu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan 35053, ROC
| | - Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan 35053, ROC
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Kelly Government Solutions , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan 35053, ROC
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan 35053, ROC
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan 35053, ROC
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan 35053, ROC
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Jang HS, Pearce M, O'Donnell EF, Nguyen BD, Truong L, Mueller MJ, Bisson WH, Kerkvliet NI, Tanguay RL, Kolluri SK. Identification of a Raloxifene Analog That Promotes AhR-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6040041. [PMID: 29194351 PMCID: PMC5745446 DOI: 10.3390/biology6040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that raloxifene, an estrogen receptor modulator, is also a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Raloxifene induces apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative human cancer cells through the AhR. We performed structure–activity studies with seven raloxifene analogs to better understand the structural requirements of raloxifene for induction of AhR-mediated transcriptional activity and apoptosis. We identified Y134 as a raloxifene analog that activates AhR-mediated transcriptional activity and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human triple negative breast cancer cells. Suppression of AhR expression strongly reduced apoptosis induced by Y134, indicating the requirement of AhR for Y134-induced apoptosis. Y134 also induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells without having an effect on cell cycle regulation. Toxicity testing on zebrafish embryos revealed that Y134 has a significantly better safety profile than raloxifene. Our studies also identified an analog of raloxifene that acts as a partial antagonist of the AhR, and is capable of inhibiting AhR agonist-induced transcriptional activity. We conclude that Y134 is a promising raloxifene analog for further optimization as an anti-cancer agent targeting the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sang Jang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Martin Pearce
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Edmond F O'Donnell
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Bach Duc Nguyen
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Monica J Mueller
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - William H Bisson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Nancy I Kerkvliet
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Siva Kumar Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Miret N, Rico-Leo E, Pontillo C, Zotta E, Fernández-Salguero P, Randi A. A dioxin-like compound induces hyperplasia and branching morphogenesis in mouse mammary gland, through alterations in TGF-β1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:192-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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126
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Yu JS, Leng PF, Li YF, Wang YQ, Wang Y, An RH, Qi JP. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Suppresses the Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cell Growth and Invasion by Promoting DNA Damage Response Under Oxidative Stress. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:1010-1017. [PMID: 28972393 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Song Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng-Fei Leng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Fu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Quan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui-Hua An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-Ping Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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127
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Akishina AA, Vorontsova JE, Cherezov RO, Mertsalov IB, Zatsepina OG, Slezinger MS, Panin VM, Petruk S, Enikolopov GN, Mazo A, Simonova OB, Kuzin BA. Xenobiotic-induced activation of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor target genes in Drosophila is mediated by the epigenetic chromatin modifiers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102934-102947. [PMID: 29262535 PMCID: PMC5732701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is the key transcription factor that controls animal development and various adaptive processes. The AHR’s target genes are involved in biodegradation of endogenous and exogenous toxins, regulation of immune response, organogenesis, and neurogenesis. Ligand binding is important for the activation of the AHR signaling pathway. Invertebrate AHR homologs are activated by endogenous ligands whereas vertebrate AHR can be activated by both endogenous and exogenous ligands (xenobiotics). Several studies using mammalian cultured cells have demonstrated that transcription of the AHR target genes can be activated by exogenous AHR ligands, but little is known about the effects of AHR in a living organism. Here, we examined the effects of human AHR and its ligands using transgenic Drosophila lines with an inducible human AhR gene. We found that exogenous AHR ligands can increase as well as decrease the transcription levels of the AHR target genes, including genes that control proliferation, motility, polarization, and programmed cell death. This suggests that AHR activation may affect the expression of gene networks that could be critical for cancer progression and metastasis. Importantly, we found that AHR target genes are also controlled by the enzymes that modify chromatin structure, in particular components of the epigenetic Polycomb Repressive complexes 1 and 2. Since exogenous AHR ligands (alternatively – xenobiotics) and small molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers are often used as pharmaceutical anticancer drugs, our findings may have significant implications in designing new combinations of therapeutic treatments for oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina A Akishina
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia E Vorontsova
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman O Cherezov
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Il'ya B Mertsalov
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga G Zatsepina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Slezinger
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grigori N Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga B Simonova
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A Kuzin
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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128
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Solanki HS, Babu N, Jain AP, Bhat MY, Puttamallesh VN, Advani J, Raja R, Mangalaparthi KK, Kumar MM, Prasad TSK, Mathur PP, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Cigarette smoke induces mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in lung cells. Mitochondrion 2017; 40:58-70. [PMID: 29042306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular transformation owing to cigarette smoking is due to chronic exposure and not acute. However, systematic studies to understand the molecular alterations in lung cells due to cigarette smoke are lacking. To understand these molecular alterations induced by chronic cigarette smoke exposure, we carried out tandem mass tag (TMT) based temporal proteomic profiling of lung cells exposed to cigarette smoke for upto 12months. We identified 2620 proteins in total, of which 671 proteins were differentially expressed (1.5-fold) after 12months of exposure. Prolonged exposure of lung cells to smoke for 12months revealed dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and overexpression of enzymes involved in TCA cycle. In addition, we also observed overexpression of enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism, fatty acid degradation and lactate synthesis. This could possibly explain the availability of alternative source of carbon to TCA cycle apart from glycolytic pyruvate. Our data indicates that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke induces mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in cells to support growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitendra S Solanki
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Ankit P Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Mohd Younis Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam 690 525, India
| | - Vinuth N Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam 690 525, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India
| | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam 690 525, India
| | - Mahesh M Kumar
- Department of Neuro-Virology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India; NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India; YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.
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129
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Fortunati N, Guaraldi F, Zunino V, Penner F, D'Angelo V, Zenga F, Pecori Giraldi F, Catalano MG, Arvat E. Effects of environmental pollutants on signaling pathways in rat pituitary GH3 adenoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:660-668. [PMID: 28732322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An increased rate of acromegaly was reported in industrialized areas, suggesting an involvement of environmental pollutants in the pathogenesis and behavior of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Based on these premises, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of some widely diffused pollutants (i.e. benzene, BZ; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP and polychlorinated biphenyls, PCB) on growth hormone secretion, the somatostatin and estrogenic pathways, viability and proliferation of rat GH-producing pituitary adenoma (GH3) cells. All the pollutants induced a statistically significant increase in GH secretion and interfered with cell signaling. They all modulated the expression of SSTR2 and ZAC1, involved in the somatostatin signaling, and the expression of the transcription factor FOXA1, involved in the estrogen receptor signaling. Moreover, all the pollutants increased the expression of the CYP1A1, suggesting AHR pathway activation. None of the pollutants impacted on cell proliferation or viability. Present data demonstrate that exposure to different pollutants, used at in vivo relevant concentrations, plays an important role in the behavior of GH3 pituitary adenoma cells, by increasing GH secretion and modulating several cellular signaling pathways. These observations support a possible influence of different pollutants in vivo on the GH-adenoma aggressiveness and biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Fortunati
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Guaraldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Zunino
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Penner
- Division of Neurosurgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Angelo
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Zenga
- Division of Neurosurgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Pecori Giraldi
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, (MI), Italy and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, I-20149 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Arvat
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy.
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130
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Carbidopa is an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor with potential for cancer therapy. Biochem J 2017; 474:3391-3402. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbidopa is used with l-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients exhibit lower incidence of most cancers including pancreatic cancer, but with the notable exception of melanoma. The decreased cancer incidence is not due to l-DOPA; however, the relevance of Carbidopa to this phenomenon has not been investigated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Carbidopa, independent of l-DOPA, might elicit an anticancer effect. Carbidopa inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Based on structural similarity with phenylhydrazine, an inhibitor of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), we predicted that Carbidopa might also inhibit IDO1, thus providing a molecular basis for its anticancer effect. The inhibitory effect was confirmed using human recombinant IDO1. To demonstrate the inhibition in intact cells, AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) activity was monitored as readout for IDO1-mediated generation of the endogenous AhR agonist kynurenine in pancreatic and liver cancer cells. Surprisingly, Carbidopa did not inhibit but instead potentiated AhR signaling, evident from increased CYP1A1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1), CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 expression. In pancreatic and liver cancer cells, Carbidopa promoted AhR nuclear localization. AhR antagonists blocked Carbidopa-dependent activation of AhR signaling. The inhibitory effect on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and the activation of AhR occurred at therapeutic concentrations of Carbidopa. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further confirmed that Carbidopa promoted AhR binding to its target gene CYP1A1 leading to its induction. We conclude that Carbidopa is an AhR agonist and suppresses pancreatic cancer. Hence, Carbidopa could potentially be re-purposed to treat pancreatic cancer and possibly other cancers as well.
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131
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Loss of NR2E3 represses AHR by LSD1 reprogramming, is associated with poor prognosis in liver cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10662. [PMID: 28878246 PMCID: PMC5587550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays crucial roles in inflammation, metabolic disorder, and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating AHR expression remain unknown. Here, we found that an orphan nuclear NR2E3 maintains AHR expression, and forms an active transcriptional complex with transcription factor Sp1 and coactivator GRIP1 in MCF-7 human breast and HepG2 liver cancer cell lines. NR2E3 loss promotes the recruitment of LSD1, a histone demethylase of histone 3 lysine 4 di-methylation (H3K4me2), to the AHR gene promoter region, resulting in repression of AHR expression. AHR expression and responsiveness along with H3K4me2 were significantly reduced in the livers of Nr2e3rd7 (Rd7) mice that express low NR2E3 relative to the livers of wild-type mice. SP2509, an LSD1 inhibitor, fully restored AHR expression and H3K4me2 levels in Rd7 mice. Lastly, we demonstrated that both AHR and NR2E3 are significantly associated with good clinical outcomes in liver cancer. Together, our results reveal a novel link between NR2E3, AHR, and liver cancer via LSD1-mediated H3K4me2 histone modification in liver cancer development.
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132
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Sanna S, Satta G, Padoan M, Piro S, Gambelunghe A, Miligi L, Ferri GM, Magnani C, Muzi G, Rigacci L, Cabras MG, Angelucci E, Latte GC, Gabbas A, Ennas MG, Cocco P. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and risk of lymphoma subtypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2017; 8:40-44. [PMID: 29034060 PMCID: PMC5636915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor implicated in several pathways known to be relevant in lymphomagenesis. Aim of our study was to explore the link between AhR activation and risk of lymphoma subtypes. We used a Dual-Luciferase Assay® and a luminometer to detect the activation of the luciferase gene, in HepG2 cells transfected with a specific reporter systems, by a 50 ml serum aliquot of cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (N = 108), follicular lymphoma (N = 85), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (N = 72), multiple myeloma (N = 80), and Hodgkin lymphoma (N = 94) and 357 controls who participated in the multicentre Italian study on gene-environment interactions in lymphoma etiology (ItGxE). Risk of each lymphoma subtype associated with AhR activation was calculated with polytomous logistic regression adjusting by age, gender, and study centre. The overall prevalence of AhR activation ranged 13.9-23.6% by subtype, and it varied by study area (8-39%). Risk associated with AhR activation was moderately elevated for follicular lymphoma (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.86, 2.80) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.83, 2.96). Despite our inconclusive findings about the association with risk of lymphoma subtypes, we showed that the Dual-Luciferase Assay can be reliably and easily applied in population-based studies to detect AhR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology Unit, University of Cagliari09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Giannina Satta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Unit, University of Cagliari09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marina Padoan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Eastern Piedmont28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Piro
- Institute of Oncology Studies and Prevention50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, University of Perugia06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucia Miligi
- Institute of Oncology Studies and Prevention50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Ferri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, University of Bari70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Corrado Magnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Eastern Piedmont28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, University of Perugia06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Rigacci
- Unit of Haematology, Careggi University Hospital50100 Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Gian Carlo Latte
- Department of Haematology, Hospital San Francesco08100 Nuoro, Italy
| | - Attilio Gabbas
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Unit, University of Cagliari09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ennas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology Unit, University of Cagliari09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Unit, University of Cagliari09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Brown SM, Heguy A, Zappile P, Chen H, Goradia A, Wang Y, Hao Y, Roy NK, Vitale K, Chambers RC, Wirgin I. A Dramatic Difference in Global Gene Expression between TCDD-Treated Atlantic Tomcod Larvae from the Resistant Hudson River and a Nearby Sensitive Population. Genome Biol Evol 2017. [PMCID: PMC5604119 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantic tomcod in the Hudson River Estuary bioaccumulate high hepatic burdens of
environmental toxicants. Previously, we demonstrated that Hudson River tomcod developed
resistance to TCDD and PCB toxicity probably through strong natural selection during their
early life-stages for a variant of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor2 (AHR2). Here, we
evaluated the genomic consequences of the resistant genotype by comparing global gene
expression in larval tomcod from the Hudson River with expression in larvae from a nearby
sensitive population (Shinnecock Bay). We developed an annotated draft tomcod genome to
explore the effects of multigenerational exposure to toxicants and a functionally impaired
AHR2 on the transcriptome. We used the tomcod genome as a reference in RNA-Seq to compare
global gene expression in tomcod larvae from the Hudson River and Shinnecock Bay after
experimental exposure of larvae to graded doses of TCDD. We found dramatic differences
between offspring from the two populations in the number of genes that were differentially
expressed at all doses (0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppb) and even in the vehicle controls. At the two
lowest TCDD doses, 250 and 1,141 genes were differentially expressed in Shinnecock Bay
larvae compared with 14 and 12, respectively, in Hudson River larvae. At the highest dose
(1.0 ppb), 934 genes were differentially expressed in Shinnecock Bay larvae and 173 in
Hudson River larvae, but only 28 (16%) of affected genes were shared among both
populations. Given the large difference between the two populations in the number and
identity of differentially expressed genes, it is likely that the AHR2 pathway interacts
directly or indirectly with many genes beyond those known in the AHR2 battery and that
other regulatory systems may also respond to TCDD exposure. The effects of chronic
multi-generational exposure to environmental toxicants on the genome of Hudson River
tomcod are much greater than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, NYU School of
Medicine
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, NYU School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine
| | - Paul Zappile
- Genome Technology Center, NYU School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine
| | | | - Yilan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine
| | - Yuhan Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, NYU School of
Medicine
| | - Nirmal K Roy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine
| | - Kristy Vitale
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine
| | - R Christopher Chambers
- Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration,
Highlands, New Jersey
| | - Isaac Wirgin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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134
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Fine particulate matter 2.5 exerted its toxicological effect by regulating a new layer, long non-coding RNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9392. [PMID: 28839203 PMCID: PMC5570922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, especially to its organic components, induces adverse health effects on the respiratory system. However, the molecular mechanisms have still not been fully elucidated. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in various physio-pathological processes. In this study, the roles of lncRNA were investigated to reveal the toxicology of PM2.5. Organic extracts of PM2.5 from Nanjing and Shanghai cities were adopted to treat human bronchial epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549). RNA sequencing showed that the lncRNA functioned as antisense RNA, intergenic RNA and pre-miRNA. The mRNA profiles were also altered after exposure. PM2.5 from Nanjing showed a more serious impact than that from Shanghai. In detail, higher expression of n405968 was positively related to the elevated mRNA levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-8). Increasing levels of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) were positively associated with the induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Similar response was observed between both cell lines. The higher content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is likely to contribute to higher toxicity of PM2.5 from Nanjing than that from Shanghai. Antagonism of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) or inhibition of CYP1A1 diminished the effects stimulated by PM2.5. Our results indicated that lncRNAs could be involved in the toxicology of PM2.5 through regulating the inflammation and EMT process.
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135
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Popolo A, Pinto A, Daglia M, Nabavi SF, Farooqi AA, Rastrelli L. Two likely targets for the anti-cancer effect of indole derivatives from cruciferous vegetables: PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:132-137. [PMID: 28596013 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diets containing high quantities of plant foods are linked with a decreased likelihood of incidence of cancer. Several common plant-based dietary components exert effects on DNA methylation levels, and can positively influence genome stability and the transcription of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a substance present in vegetables of the Brassicaeae family, especially broccoli, white cabbage, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower. The in vivo biological effects of I3C are ascribed to a series of oligomeric products (including 3,3'-diindolylmethane), developed under acidic conditions. I3C is one of the many natural products and bioactive compounds found in foods which have recently received much attention for its potential effects in cancer prevention and treatment. In vitro studies report that I3C suppresses the proliferation of different tumor cells, including those isolated from breast, prostate, endometrium, and colon cancers. I3C resulted to be a potent in vivo chemopreventive agent for certain hormone-dependent cancers, including breast and cervical cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well defined. In this review, we have analysed recent literature on the use of indole derivatives against various forms of cancer, and have identified the main signalling pathways involved in their anti-cancer effect as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Popolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Pavia University, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy.
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136
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Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in carcinogenesis and potential as an anti-cancer drug target. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2497-2513. [PMID: 28508231 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was initially identified as the receptor that binds and mediates the toxic effects induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structurally related halogenated aromatics. Other toxic compounds including some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons act through the AhR; however, during the last 25 years, it has become apparent that the AhR plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Moreover, the scope of ligands that bind the AhR includes endogenous compounds such as multiple tryptophan metabolites, other endogenous biochemicals, pharmaceuticals and health-promoting phytochemicals including flavonoids, indole-3-carbinol and its metabolites. It has also been shown that like other receptors, the AhR is a drug target for multiple diseases including cancer, where both AhR agonists and antagonists effectively block many of the critical hallmarks of cancer in multiple tumor types. This review describes the anti-cancer activities of AhR ligands and demonstrates that it is time to separate the AhR from TCDD and exploit the potential of the AhR as a novel target for cancer chemotherapy.
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Mohammadi S, Seyedhoseini FS, Asadi J, Yazdani Y. Effects of berberine on the secretion of cytokines and expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation in THP-1 monocytic cell line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:530-537. [PMID: 28656088 PMCID: PMC5478781 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapeutic strategies have irreversible side-effects. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid, which has been known as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand. AhR is a cytoplasmic receptor, which is involved in the regulation of cellular and immune responses. Here, we investigated the expression profile of genes involved in the cell cycle and different cytokines upon BBR-mediated AhR activation on AML THP-1 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS THP-1 cells and normal monocytes were treated with different concentrations of BBR (10 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) for 24 and 48 hr. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression of AhR, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), p21, p27, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and p53. Cellular expression of AhR was also assessed using immunofluorescence method. ELISA was used to determine the level of IL-10 and IL-12 cytokines. RESULTS BBR inhibits the proliferation of THP-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with minimal toxicity on normal monocytes. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment increased the cellular expression of AhR. The AhR target genes (CYP1A1, IL1β) were overexpressed upon BBR treatment. BBR downregulated Cdk2 and upregulated p21, p27 and p53 genes in THP-1 cells. IL-10 was significantly increased upon BBR treatment, while IL-12 was not significantly changed in all combinations. CONCLUSION BBR could be introduced as an effective chemotherapeutic agent against AML by giving rise to the expression of CDK inhibitors and anti-inflammatory cytokines and downregulation of CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee and Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fakhri Sadat Seyedhoseini
- Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Corresponding author: Yaghoub Yazdani. Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Tel: +98-17-32425995; Fax: +98-17-32430564;
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Mahiout S, Lindén J, Esteban J, Sánchez-Pérez I, Sankari S, Pettersson L, Håkansson H, Pohjanvirta R. Toxicological characterisation of two novel selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 326:54-65. [PMID: 28433708 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the toxicity of dioxins, but also plays important physiological roles. Selective AHR modulators, which elicit some effects imparted by this receptor without causing the marked toxicity of dioxins, are presently under intense scrutiny. Two novel such compounds are IMA-08401 (N-acetyl-N-phenyl-4-acetoxy-5-chloro-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide) and IMA-07101 (N-acetyl-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-acetoxy-1,2-dihydro-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide). They represent, as diacetyl prodrugs, AHR-active metabolites of the drug compounds laquinimod and tasquinimod, respectively, which are intended for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, we toxicologically assessed the novel compounds in Sprague-Dawley rats, after a single dose (8.75-92.5mg/kg) and 5-day repeated dosing at the highest doses achievable (IMA-08401: 100mg/kg/day; and IMA-07101: 75mg/kg/day). There were no overt clinical signs of toxicity, but body weight gain was marginally retarded, and the treatments induced minimal hepatic extramedullary haematopoiesis. Further, both the absolute and relative weights of the thymus were significantly decreased. Cyp1a1 gene expression was substantially increased in all tissues examined. The hepatic induction profile of other AHR battery genes was distinct from that caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The only marked alterations in serum clinical chemistry variables were a reduction in triglycerides and an increase in 3-hydroxybutyrate. Liver and kidney retinol and retinyl palmitate concentrations were affected largely in the same manner as reported for TCDD. In vitro, the novel compounds activated CYP1A1 effectively in H4IIE cells. Altogether, these novel compounds appear to act as potent activators of the AHR, but lack some major characteristic toxicities of dioxins. They therefore represent promising new selective AHR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Mahiout
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jere Lindén
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Satu Sankari
- Central Laboratory of the Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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139
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Wajda A, Łapczuk J, Grabowska M, Pius-Sadowska E, Słojewski M, Laszczynska M, Urasinska E, Machalinski B, Drozdzik M. Cell and region specificity of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) system in the testis and the epididymis. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:286-296. [PMID: 28341572 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays multiple important functions in adaptive responses. Exposure to AhR ligands may produce an altered metabolic activity controlled by the AhR pathways, and consequently affect drug/toxin responses, hormonal status and cellular homeostasis. This research revealed species-, cell- and region-specific pattern of the AhR system expression in the rat and human testis and epididymis, complementing the existing knowledge, especially within the epididymal segments. The study showed that AhR level in the rat and human epididymis is higher than in the testis. The downregulation of AhR expression after TCDD treatment was revealed in the spermatogenic cells at different stages and the epididymal epithelial cells, but not in the Sertoli and Leydig cells. Hence, this basic research provides information about the AhR function in the testis and epididymis, which may provide an insight into deleterious effects of drugs, hormones and environmental pollutants on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wajda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - J Łapczuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - E Pius-Sadowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Poland
| | - M Słojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Laszczynska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - E Urasinska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - B Machalinski
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Poland
| | - M Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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140
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Pushparajah D, Lewis DFV, Ioannides C. Up-regulation of CYP1A1 and phase II enzymes by 5-ring isomeric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in precision-cut rat hepatic slices: Importance of molecular shape. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:203-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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141
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Pilsner JR, Parker M, Sergeyev O, Suvorov A. Spermatogenesis disruption by dioxins: Epigenetic reprograming and windows of susceptibility. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:221-229. [PMID: 28286111 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are a group of highly persistent chemicals that are generated as by-products of industrial and natural processes. Reduction in sperm counts is among the most sensitive endpoints of dioxin toxicity. The exact mechanism by which dioxins reduce sperm counts is not known. Recent data implicate the role of epididymal factors rather than disruption of spermatogenesis. Studies reviewed here demonstrate that dioxins induce the transfer of environmental conditions to the next generation via male germline following exposures during the window of epigenetic reprogramming of primordial germ cells. Increased incidence of birth defects in offspring of male veterans exposed to dioxin containing, Agent Orange, suggest that dioxins may induce epigenomic changes in male germ cells of adults during spermatogenesis. This is supported by recent animal data that show that environmental conditions can cause epigenetic dysregulation in sperm in the context of specific windows of epigenetic reprogramming during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 N. Pleasant St., 171 Goessmann, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Mikhail Parker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 N. Pleasant St., 171 Goessmann, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; Chapaevsk Medical Association, 3a Meditsinskaya St., 446100 Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia.
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 N. Pleasant St., 171 Goessmann, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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142
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Vogel CFA, Haarmann-Stemmann T. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor - More than a simple feedback inhibitor of AhR signaling: Clues for its role in inflammation and cancer. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:109-119. [PMID: 28971163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) was first described as a specific competitive repressor of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity based on its ability to dimerize with the AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and through direct competition of AhR/ARNT and AhRR/ARNT complexes for binding to dioxin-responsive elements (DREs). Like AhR, AhRR belongs to the basic Helix-Loop-Helix/Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH/PAS) protein family but lacks functional ligand-binding and transactivation domains. Transient transfection experiments with ARNT and AhRR mutants examining the inhibitory mechanism of AhRR suggested a more complex mechanism than the simple mechanism of negative feedback through sequestration of ARNT to regulate AhR signaling. Recently, AhRR has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene in several types of cancer cells. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have found epigenetic changes and silencing of AhRR associated with exposure to cigarette smoke and cancer development. Additional studies from our laboratories have demonstrated that AhRR represses other signaling pathways including NF-κB and is capable of regulating inflammatory responses. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of AhRR in AhR signaling and adverse outcome pathways leading to deregulated inflammatory responses contributing to tumor promotion and other adverse health effects is expected from future studies. This review article summarizes the characteristics of AhRR as an inhibitor of AhR activity and highlights more recent findings pointing out the role of AhRR in inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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143
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Pushparajah DS, Plant KE, Plant NJ, Ioannides C. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of binary mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the upregulation of CYP1 activity and mRNA levels in precision-cut rat liver slices. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:764-775. [PMID: 27099206 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current studies investigate whether synergistic or antagonistic interactions in the upregulation of CYP1 activity occur in binary mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) involving benzo[a]pyrene and five other structurally diverse PAHs of varying carcinogenic activity. Precision-cut rat liver slices were incubated with benzo[a]pyrene alone or in combination with a range of concentrations of a second PAH, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA levels determined. Concurrent incubation of benzo[a]pyrene with either dibenzo[a,h]anthracene or fluoranthene in liver slices led to a synergistic interaction, at least at low concentrations, in that ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was statistically higher than the added effects when the slices were incubated with the individual compounds. In contrast, benzo[b]fluoranthene and, at high doses only, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene gave rise to antagonism, whereas 1-methylphenanthrene had no effect at all concentrations studied. When CYP1A1 mRNA levels were monitored, benzo[b]fluoranthene gave rise to an antagonistic response when incubated with benzo[a]pyrene, whereas all other compounds displayed synergism, with 1-methylphenathrene being the least effective. A similar picture emerged when CYP1B1 mRNA levels were determined, though the effects were less pronounced. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that the benzo[a]pyrene-mediated upregulation of CYP1, at the mRNA and activity levels, is synergistically and antagonistically modulated by other PAHs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 764-775, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphnee S Pushparajah
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Plant
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J Plant
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Costas Ioannides
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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144
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Megna BW, Carney PR, Depke MG, Nukaya M, McNally J, Larsen L, Rosengren RJ, Kennedy GD. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as an antitumor target of synthetic curcuminoids in colorectal cancer. J Surg Res 2017; 213:16-24. [PMID: 28601309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin has proven to be a potent antitumor agent in both preclinical and clinical models of colorectal cancer (CRC). It has also been identified as a ligand of the transcription factor known as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Our laboratory has identified the AHR as a mechanism which contributes to both tumorigenesis in a mouse model of inflammatory CRC as well an apoptotic target in vitro. Curcumin's role as an AHR ligand may modulate its effects to induce colon cancer cell death, and this role may be enhanced via structural modification of the curcumin backbone. We sought to determine if the two piperidone analogs of curcumin, RL66 and RL118, exhibit more robust antitumor actions than their parent compound in the context of colorectal cancer in vitro. Moreover, to ascertain the ability of curcumin, RL66 and RL118 to activate the AHR and evaluate if this activation has any effect on CRC cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS DLD1, HCT116, LS513, and RKO colon cell lines were propagated in vitro. Natural curcumin was obtained commercially, whereas RL66 and RL118 were synthesized and characterized de novo. Multiwell fluorescent/luminescent signal detection was used to simultaneously ascertain cell viability, cell cytonecrosis, and relative amounts of apoptotic activity. AHR activity was measured with a dual luciferase reporter gene system. Stable expression of small interfering RNA interference was established in the HCT116 cell lines to create AHR "knock down" cell lines. RESULTS Both RL66 and RL118 proved to be more potent antitumor agents than their parent compound curcumin in all cell lines tested. The majority of this cell death was due to induction of apoptosis, which occurred earlier and to a greater degree following RL66 and RL118 treatment as opposed to curcumin. Also, RL66 and RL118 were found to be activators of AHR, and a portion of their ability to cause cell death was dependent on this induction. Curcumin was found unable to activate the AHR, and levels of AHR messenger RNA did not change their effects on cell death. CONCLUSIONS Piperidone analogs of curcumin exhibited enhanced antitumor effects in vitro as opposed to their parent compound. Even more, this enhanced cell death profile may be partially attributed to the ability of these compounds to activate the AHR. Further study of synthetic curcumin analogs as chemopreventives and chemoadjuncts in CRC is warranted. Also, more generally, the AHR may represent a potential putative target for novel anticancer agents for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant W Megna
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patrick R Carney
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mitchell G Depke
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Manabu Nukaya
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - James McNally
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory D Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.
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145
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Tsai CH, Li CH, Cheng YW, Lee CC, Liao PL, Lin CH, Huang SH, Kang JJ. The inhibition of lung cancer cell migration by AhR-regulated autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41927. [PMID: 28195146 PMCID: PMC5307309 DOI: 10.1038/srep41927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is highly expressed in multiple organs and tissues. Whereas AhR mediates the metabolism of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, its novel function in cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains controversial. Autophagy also participates in tumour progression through its functions in cell homeostasis and facilitates adaptation to EMT progression. In the present study, we found that AhR-regulated autophagy positively modulates EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cells. The motility of A549, H1299, and CL1-5 cells were correlated with different AhR expression levels. Invasive potential and cell morphology also changed when AhR protein expression was altered. Moreover, AhR levels exerted a contrasting effect on autophagy potential. Autophagy was higher in CL1-5 and H1299 cells with lower AhR levels than in A549 cells. Both AhR overexpression and autophagy inhibition decreased CL1-5 metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, AhR promoted BNIP3 ubiquitination for proteasomal degradation. AhR silencing in A549 cells also reduced BNIP3 ubiquitination. Taken together, these results provide a novel insight into the cross-linking between AhR and autophagy, we addressed the mechanistic BNIP3 modulation by endogenous AhR, which affect cancer cell EMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Tsai
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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146
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Wang Z, Monti S, Sherr DH. The diverse and important contributions of the AHR to cancer and cancer immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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147
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Safe S, Cheng Y, Jin UH. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) as a Drug Target for Cancer Chemotherapy. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:24-29. [PMID: 28459113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in some patients with different tumor types, and the receptor can be a negative or positive prognostic factor. There is also evidence from both in vivo and in vitro cell culture models that the AhR can exhibit tumor-specific pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor-like functions and therefore can be treated with AhR antagonists or agonists, respectively. Successful clinical applications of AhR ligands will require the synthesis and development of selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) with tumor-specific AhR agonist or antagonist activity, and some currently available compounds such as indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane-(DIM) and synthetic AhR antagonists are potential drug candidates. There is also evidence that some AhR-active pharmaceuticals, including tranilast, flutamide, hydroxytamoxifen and omeprazole or their derivatives, may be effective AhR-dependent anticancer agents for single or combination cancer chemotherapies for treatment of breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Yating Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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148
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Hardonnière K, Huc L, Sergent O, Holme JA, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Environmental carcinogenesis and pH homeostasis: Not only a matter of dysregulated metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:49-65. [PMID: 28088583 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, around 20% of all cancers would be due to environmental factors. Among these factors, several chemicals are indeed well recognized carcinogens. The widespread contaminant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), an often used model carcinogen of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' family, has been suggested to target most, if not all, cancer hallmarks described by Hanahan and Weinberg. It is classified as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer; however, the precise intracellular mechanisms underlying its carcinogenic properties remain yet to be thoroughly defined. Recently, the pH homeostasis, a well known regulator of carcinogenic processes, was suggested to be a key actor in both cell death and Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming induced upon B[a]P exposure. The present review will highlight those data with the aim of favoring research on the role of H+ dynamics in environmental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Hardonnière
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Huc
- INRA UMR 1331 ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse ENVT, INP, UPS, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France.
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149
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Vondráček J, Pěnčíková K, Neča J, Ciganek M, Grycová A, Dvořák Z, Machala M. Assessment of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a human cell-based reporter gene assay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:307-316. [PMID: 27692884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity is one of key events in toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although various classes of AhR ligands may differentially activate human and rodent AhR, there is presently a lack of data on the human AhR-inducing relative potencies (REPs) of PAHs. Here, we focused on estimation of the AhR-mediated activities of a large set of environmental PAHs in human gene reporter AZ-AhR cell line, with an aim to develop the human AhR-based REP values with potential implications for risk assessment of PAHs. The previously identified weakly active PAHs mostly failed to activate the AhR in human cells. The order for REPs of individual PAHs in human cells largely corresponded with the available data from rodent-based experimental systems; nevertheless, we identified differences up to one order of magnitude in REP values of PAHs between human and rodent cells. Higher REP values were found in human cells for some important environmental contaminants or suspected carcinogens, such as indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene or benzo[b]fluoranthene, while lower REP values were determined for methyl-substituted PAHs. Our results also indicate that a different rate of metabolism for individual PAHs in human vs. rodent cells may affect estimation of REP values in human cell-based assay, and potentially alter toxicity of some compounds, such as benzofluoranthenes, in humans. We applied the AZ-AhR assay to evaluation of the AhR-mediated activity of complex mixtures of organic compounds associated with diesel exhaust particles, and we identified the polar compounds present in these mixtures as being particularly highly active in human cells, as compared with rodent cells. The present data suggest that differences may exist between the AhR-mediated potencies of PAHs in human and rodent cells, and that the AhR-mediated effects of polar PAH derivatives and metabolites in human cell models deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Pěnčíková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Neča
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ciganek
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Grycová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Li CH, Liu CW, Tsai CH, Peng YJ, Yang YH, Liao PL, Lee CC, Cheng YW, Kang JJ. Cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, accelerates vimentin degradation, and suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2165-2178. [PMID: 27752740 PMCID: PMC5399057 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been studied extensively in carcinogenesis through the genomic pathway. In recent years, AHR has also been reported to exert positive or negative effects on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), the crucial step in tumor malignant progression. However, the detailed mechanism remains controversial. Analysis of AHR-expression levels in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer tissues revealed an inverse correlation between AHR protein levels and tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Overexpression of wild-type AHR in H1299 cells (AHR poorly expressed, potently invasive) not only accelerated mesenchymal vimentin degradation, but also prevented cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. In the absence of AHR agonists, the overexpressed AHR protein was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, where it interacted with vimentin and functioned as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. A 6-h incubation with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 fully rescued vimentin from AHR-mediated proteasomal degradation. In AHR-overexpressing H1299 cells, either vimentin degradation or invasive suppression could be reversed when glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) was inactivated by CHIR-99021 treatment. In contrast, silencing of AHR in A549 cells (AHR highly expressed, weakly invasive) resulted in the downregulation of epithelial biomarkers (E-cadherin and claudin-1), augmentation of mesenchymal vimentin level, and GSK3β Ser-9 hyper-phosphorylation, which led to enhanced invasiveness. This work demonstrates that cytoplasmic, resting AHR protein may act as an EMT suppressor via a non-genomic pathway. Depletion of cytoplasmic AHR content represents a potential switch for EMT, thereby leading to the scattering of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medicine University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medicine University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medicine University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10, Taiwan.
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