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Wang J, Li Y, Zhou JH, Shen FR, Shi X, Chen YG. CircATRNL1 activates Smad4 signaling to inhibit angiogenesis and ovarian cancer metastasis via miR-378. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1217-1233. [PMID: 33372356 PMCID: PMC8024733 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most frequent carcinomas in females, and the occurrence rate is still rising despite many advances made. The pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains greatly unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of ovarian cancer, with the focus on circATRNL1. Human ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines were used to examine levels of circATRNL1, miR‐378, Smad4, AKT, and other proliferation‐related and migration‐related proteins. Cellular assays were used to determine cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. We validated the interactions of circATRNL1/miR‐378 and miR‐378/Smad4, and a mouse tumor xenograft model was employed to assess the effect of circATRNL1 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We found that circATRNL1 was decreased while miR‐378 was increased in human ovarian cancer tissues and cells. circATRNL1 bound to miR‐378 while miR‐378 directly targeted Smad4. Overexpression of circATRNL1 or knockdown of miR‐378 suppressed angiogenesis and ovarian cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via decreasing proliferation‐ and migration‐related proteins via miR‐378 or Smad4, respectively. Overexpression of circATRNL1 restrained ovarian cancer growth and abdominal metastasis in vivo. Our findings indicate that circATRNL1 acts as a miR‐378 sponge to active Smad4 signaling and suppresses angiogenesis and ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang-Rong Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You-Guo Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wei M, Jin H, Yang S, Li Z, Wang X, Li L, Jia Y, Cui M. MicroRNA-101 inhibits growth and metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells by targeting PI3K/AKT. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:127-134. [PMID: 33488865 PMCID: PMC7811304 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of gynecological cancer related mortality in woman. This study was designed to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of miRNA-101 in ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression analysis was carried out by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transfections were performed with the help of Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. AO/EB and annexin V/PI staining was used to detect apoptosis and flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. Western blotting was employed for cell cycle analysis. RESULTS It was found that miRNA-101 was significantly down-regulated in ovarian cancer cells. The over-expression of miRNA-101 causes a significant decrease in the viability of ovarian cancer cells via the initiation of apoptosis and sub-G1 arrest of OVACAR-3 cells. It was indicated that PTEN was the potential target of miRNA-101 in OVACAR-3 cells. There was 4.5-fold up-regulation of PTEN expression in ovarian cancer cell lines and the over-expression of miRNA-101 in OVACAR-3 cells resulted in the down-regulation of PTEN expression. The inhibition of PTEN in the OVACAR-3 cells arrested the proliferation of these cells. The over-expression of miRNA-101 causes significant down-regulation in PI3K and AKT expression of OVACAR-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that miRNA-101 acts as a tumor suppressor which may be beneficial in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjuan Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - ShuLi Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - LiXiang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - ManHua Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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103
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Pizzato M, Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Levi F, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Cancer mortality and predictions for 2020 in selected Australasian countries, Russia and Ukraine. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:1-14. [PMID: 33273205 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Predicted cancer mortality figures are useful for public health planning. We predicted cancer mortality rates in Israel, Hong Kong, Japan, the Philippines, Korea, Australia, Russia and Ukraine for the year 2020 using the most recent available data. We focused on breast cancer. METHODS We obtained cancer death certification and population data from the WHO and the United Nations Population Division databases. We derived figures for 10 major cancer sites and total cancers over 1970-2017. We predicted numbers of deaths and age-standardized mortality rates for 2020 through joinpoint regression models. We calculated the number of avoided deaths from 1994-2020. RESULTS Overall, total cancer mortality is predicted to decline. Russia had the highest all cancers rates in 2020, 151.9/100 000 men and 79.6 women; the Philippines had the lowest rate in men, 78.0/100 000, Korea in women, 47.5. Stomach cancer rates declined over the whole period in all countries considered, colorectal cancer since the late 1990s. Trends for pancreas were inconsistent. Predicted rates for lung and breast cancer were favourable; women from Hong Kong, Korea and Australia had lung cancer death rates higher than breast ones. Predicted rates for uterine, ovarian, prostate and bladder cancers and leukaemias were downward for most countries. Between 1994 and 2020, over 3.3 million cancer deaths were avoided in the considered countries, except for the Philippines where no reduction was observed. CONCLUSION Predicted cancer rates were lower than in the European Union and the USA, even though falls started later and were less marked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Levi
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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104
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Tang L, Pham NM, Lee AH, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Zhao J, Su D, Binns CW, Li C. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Southern Chinese Women: A Case-Control Study. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820977203. [PMID: 33269602 PMCID: PMC8480346 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820977203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between inflammatory properties of diet and ovarian cancer risk has been investigated in some Western populations. However, little evidence is available from Asian women whose ovarian cancer incidence rates are low and dietary and lifestyle patterns are very different from their Western counterparts. We aimed to examine whether more pro-inflammatory diets, as indicated by higher dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores, are associated with increased odds of epithelial ovarian cancer in southern China. A case-control study was conducted during 2006-2008 in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were calculated based on dietary intake assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire administered to 500 incident epithelial ovarian cancer patients and 500 hospital-based controls. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between E-DII scores and odds of ovarian cancer. Positive associations were observed between higher E-DII scores and ovarian cancer odds, using both continuous DII scores (odds ratio (OR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65, 2.13) and by DII tertiles (ORtertile3vs1 7.04, 95% CI: 4.70, 10.54, p for trend < 0.001). Likewise, a more pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a higher chance of serous and mucinous ovarian tumors. Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased odds of developing epithelial ovarian cancer in southern Chinese women. The findings add to epidemiological evidence for the role of dietary inflammatory potential in ovarian cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jian Zhao
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Dada Su
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chunrong Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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105
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Perrone MG, Luisi O, De Grassi A, Ferorelli S, Cormio G, Scilimati A. Translational Theragnosis of Ovarian Cancer: where do we stand? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5675-5715. [PMID: 31419925 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190816232330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for approximately 220,000 deaths annually worldwide. Despite radical surgery and initial high response rates to platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, most patients experience a relapse, with a median progression-free survival of only 18 months. Overall survival is approximately 30% at 5 years from the diagnosis. In comparison, patients out from breast cancer are more than 80 % after ten years from the disease discovery. In spite of a large number of published fundamental and applied research, and clinical trials, novel therapies are urgently needed to improve outcomes of the ovarian cancer. The success of new drugs development in ovarian cancer will strongly depend on both fully genomic disease characterization and, then, availability of biomarkers able to identify women likely to benefit from a given new therapy. METHODS In this review, the focus is given to describe how complex is the diseases under the simple name of ovarian cancer, in terms of cell tumor types, histotypes, subtypes, and specific gene mutation or differently expressed in the tumor with respect the healthy ovary. The first- and second-line pharmacological treatment clinically used over the last fifty years are also described. Noteworthy achievements in vitro and in vivo tested new drugs are also summarized. Recent literature related to up to date ovarian cancer knowledge, its detection by biomarkers and chemotherapy was searched from several articles on Pubmed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and various Governmental Agencies till April 2019. RESULTS The papers referenced by this review allow a deep analysis of status of the art in the classification of the several types of ovarian cancer, the present knowledge of diagnosis based on biomarkers and imaging techniques, and the therapies developed over the past five decades. CONCLUSION This review aims at stimulating more multi-disciplinary efforts to identify a panel of novel and more specific biomarkers to be used to screen patients for a very early diagnosis, to have prognosis and therapy efficacy indications. The desired final goal would be to have available tools allowing to reduce the recurrence rate, increase both the disease progression free interval and of course the overall survival at five years from the diagnosis that today is still very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Oreste Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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106
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Landry DA, Vaishnav HT, Vanderhyden BC. The significance of ovarian fibrosis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4366-4370. [PMID: 33315987 PMCID: PMC7720769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging is associated with significant changes in the structural organization of collagen, resulting in ovarian fibrosis. In many other tissues, fibrosis increases risks associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, it is possible that ovarian fibrosis increases the risk of ovarian cancer by creating a microenvironment more permissive to tumor growth. In this research perspective, we review the impact of female reproduction on the development of ovarian fibrosis and the contributions of genetic and hormonal disruptions such as BRCA mutation, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and infertility to structural changes in the ovary and their relative risk of ovarian cancer. We also explore new fundamental questions in the field of ovarian fibrosis and possible prevention strategies such as metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Landry
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Het T Vaishnav
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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107
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Wang B, Li Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Zhang C. Butorphanol Inhibits the Malignant Biological Behaviors of Ovarian Cancer Cells via Down-Regulating the Expression of TMEFF1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10973-10981. [PMID: 33149612 PMCID: PMC7604863 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s244928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose An important issue with compounds for treating ovarian cancer is the development of drug resistance and side effects. Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid. Opioids have been shown to promote or prevent tumor growth and metastasis. This research aimed to reveal the affection of Butorphanol on the malignant biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. Methods Different concentrations of Butorphanol were used to treat ovarian cancer cell lines, ES-2 and SKOV3. Biological functions of cells were performed by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, apoptosis analysis, transwell assays and scratch assays. The differences in the transcriptome of the Butorphanol treated and negative control (NC) cells were analyzed by RNA-Seq. Results Butorphanol treatment significantly inhibited the viability, colony-forming, migration and invasion of ES-2 and SKOV3 cells compared to NC. Furthermore, Butorphanol treatment obviously induced the apoptosis of ES-2 and SKOV3 cells and regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Additionally, Butorphanol treatment significantly reduced the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR and P70S6K without affecting the expression of AKT and mTOR in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells. Forty-four genes were identified to up-regulate its expression, while 17 genes were identified to down-regulate its expression in Butorphanol-treated cells. Among them, TMEFF1 was found to be significantly down-regulated in Butorphanol-treated cells. Additionally, the restoration of TMEFF1 expression complemented the inhibitory effect of Butorphanol treatment on cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusion In conclusion, Butorphanol is a compound with potential to treat ovarian cancer. TMEFF1 may play a key role in inhibiting the malignant proliferation and metastasis of Butorphanol treatment on ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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108
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Razzaghi N, Seraj H, Heydari K, Azadeh H, Salehi A, Behnamfar M, Bahadori M, Ebrahimi H, Malekan M, Gholamalipour N. ABO Blood Groups Associations with Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-020-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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109
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Erdogan OS, Tuncer SB, Kilic S, Odemis DA, Turkcan GK, Celik B, Avsar M, Yazici H. Genome-wide methylation profiles in monozygotic twins with discordance for ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 33133257 PMCID: PMC7590432 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a disease that is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage, and has poor survival. Monozygotic (MZ) twins are considered to be good research models for investigating the epigenetic changes associated with diseases. In the present study, the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in ovarian cancer etiology were evaluated using the MZ twin model. Whole-genome methylation patterns were investigated in a BRCA1 gene mutation-carrying family comprising MZ twins, only one of whom had ovarian cancer, and other healthy siblings. Whole-genome methylation patterns were assessed in peripheral blood DNA using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips on an Illumina iScan device. The hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes were detected between cases and controls in four different comparison groups in order to evaluate the differences in methylation levels according to cancer diagnosis and BRCA mutation status. The obtained results showed that the differential methylations in 12 different genes, namely PR/SET domain 6, cytochrome B5 reductase 4, ZNF714, OR52M1, SEMA4D, CHD1L, CAPZB, clustered mitochondria homolog, RB-binding protein 7, chromatin repair factor, ankyrin repeat domain 23, RIB43A domain with coiled-coils 1 and C6orf227, were associated with ovarian cancer. Biological functional analysis of the genes detected in the study using the PANTHER classification system revealed that they have roles in biological processes including ‘biologic adhesion’, ‘regulation’, ‘cellular components organization’, ‘biogenesis’, ‘immune system functioning’, ‘metabolic functioning’ and ‘localization’. Overall, the present study suggested that epigenetic differences, such as methylation status, could be used as a non-invasive biological markers for the early diagnosis and follow-up of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Sukruoglu Erdogan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Seref Bugra Tuncer
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Seda Kilic
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Demet Akdeniz Odemis
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Gozde Kuru Turkcan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Betul Celik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Avsar
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yazici
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Genetics Division, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
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110
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Sarink D, Wu AH, Le Marchand L, White KK, Park SY, Setiawan VW, Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR, Merritt MA. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Ovarian Cancer Risk: Results from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2019-2025. [PMID: 32732248 PMCID: PMC7541726 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) vary across racial/ethnic groups, yet little is known about the impact of hormone-related EOC risk factors in non-Whites. METHODS Among 91,625 female Multiethnic Cohort Study participants, 155 incident EOC cases were diagnosed in Whites, 93 in African Americans, 57 in Native Hawaiians, 161 in Japanese Americans, and 141 in Latinas. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between race/ethnicity and EOC risk and between hormone-related factors and EOC risk across racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS Compared with Whites, African Americans and Japanese Americans had a lower multivariable-adjusted EOC risk; Native Hawaiians had a suggestive higher risk. Parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use were inversely associated with EOC risk (P int race/ethnicity ≥ 0.43); associations were strongest among Japanese Americans (e.g., ≥4 vs. 0 children; HR = 0.45; CI, 0.26-0.79). Age at natural menopause and postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use were not associated with EOC risk in the overall population, but were positively associated with risk in Latinas (e.g., ≥5 years vs. never PMH use; HR = 2.13; CI, 1.30-3.49). CONCLUSIONS We observed strong associations with EOC risk for parity and OC use in Japanese Americans and PMH use and age at natural menopause in Latinas. However, differences in EOC risk among racial/ethnic groups were not fully explained by established hormone-related risk factors. IMPACT Our study indicates there are racial/ethnic differences in EOC risk and risk factors, and could help improve prevention strategies for non-White women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danja Sarink
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kami K White
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brenda Y Hernandez
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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111
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Incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer at the global, regional, and national levels, 1990–2017. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:239-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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112
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Breastfeeding and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:820-826. [PMID: 33010967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE BRCA mutation carriers face a high lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. The strong inverse association between breastfeeding and the risk of ovarian cancer is established in the general population but is less well studied among women with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. METHOD Thus, we conducted a matched case-control analysis to evaluate the association between breastfeeding history and the risk of developing ovarian cancer. After matching for year of birth, country of residence, BRCA gene and personal history of breast cancer, a total of 1650 cases and 2702 controls were included in the analysis. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with various breastfeeding exposures. RESULTS A history of ever-breastfeeding was associated with a 23% reduction in risk (OR = 0.77; 95%CI 0.66-0.90; P = 0.001). The protective effect increased with breastfeeding from one month to seven months after which the association was relatively stable. Compared to women who never breastfed, breastfeeding for seven or more months was associated with a 32% reduction in risk (OR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.57-0.81; P < 0.0001) and did not vary by BRCA gene or age at diagnosis. The combination of breastfeeding and oral contraceptive use was strongly protective (0.47; 95%CI 0.37-0.58; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings support a protective effect of breastfeeding for at least seven months among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, that is independent of oral contraceptive use.
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Chen E, Zhu H, Yang Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Han Y, Liu X. Analysis of expression and prognosis of KLK7 in ovarian cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:932-939. [PMID: 33336051 PMCID: PMC7712299 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in female reproductive organs. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 7 is a secreted serine peptidase that is related to different cancer. To investigate the expression and significance of KLK7 in ovarian cancer. Materials and methods The expression of KLK7 in human ovarian cancer was evaluated by Oncomine and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. Then the co-expression genes relevant to the KLK7 gene were analyzed by the Pearson correlation test. Finally, the impact of KLK7 on clinical prognosis was investigated in distinct subtypes of ovarian cancer patients by UALCAN database and Kaplan–Meier plotter database. Results It was found that the expression of KLK7 was higher in ovarian cancer compared with other types of cancer, such as gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. The expression of KLK7 was found to be increased in four various ovarian cancer data sets compared with the healthy tissues. In addition, upregulation of KLK7 expression was associated with age and cancer stage. Moreover, survival analysis revealed that higher KLK7 expression was negatively associated with progression-free survival. Conclusion Knowledge of the expression of KLK7 may be useful for better understanding the outcome in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Yonghong Han
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
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Li M, Cai J, Han X, Ren Y. Downregulation of circNRIP1 Suppresses the Paclitaxel Resistance of Ovarian Cancer via Regulating the miR-211-5p/HOXC8 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:9159-9171. [PMID: 33061608 PMCID: PMC7532313 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s268872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNA) has an essential regulatory role in the chemotherapy resistance of cancers. Nevertheless, the role of circRNA nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (circNRIP1) in the paclitaxel (PTX) resistance of ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear. Material and Methods The circNRIP1, miR-211-5p and homeobox C8 (HOXC8) expression levels were assessed using qRT-PCR. The PTX resistance of cells was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2-5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by colony formation assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. Moreover, the protein levels of proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis-related markers and HOXC8 were determined by Western blot (WB) analysis. Tumor xenograft models were constructed to explore the influence of circNRIP1 on OC tumor growth. The interaction between miR-211-5p and circNRIP1 or HOXC8 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results CircNRIP1 was highly expressed in PTX-resistant OC tissues and cells. Silencing of circNRIP1 repressed the PTX resistance of OC cells in vitro and OC tumor in vivo. Furthermore, circNRIP1 sponged miR-211-5p, and miR-211-5p inhibitor could reverse the inhibitory effect of circNRIP1 knockdown on the PTX resistance of OC cells. In addition, miR-211-5p targeted HOXC8, and HOXC8 overexpression could reverse the suppression effect of miR-211-5p on the PTX resistance of OC cells. Additionally, the expression of HOXC8 was regulated by circNRIP1 and miR-211-5p. Conclusion CircNRIP1 silencing could inhibit the PTX resistance of OC via regulating the miR-211-5p/HOXC8 axis, showing that circNRIP1 might be a potential target for OC resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junna Cai
- Department of Gynaecology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Gynaecology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, People's Republic of China
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Primary site disease and recurrence location in ovarian cancer patients undergoing primary debulking surgery vs. interval debulking surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2020; 47:1075-1082. [PMID: 32981794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The natural history and patterns of ovarian cancer (OC) relapse are still unclear. Recurrent disease can be peritoneal, parenchymal, or nodal. This study aims to analyze the location and pattern of OC recurrence according to the primary site of disease and to the type of surgical approach used. MATERIAL AND METHODS All OC patients underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS), with 2014 FIGO stage III-IV, and with platinum-sensitive recurrence were included in the study. Primary disease location and site of recurrences were divided into peritoneal, parenchymal, and nodal, according to the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, parenchymal metastasis, and nodal involvement, respectively. RESULTS A total of 355 patients were initially considered; of them, 295 met the inclusion criteria. Two hundred thirty-three patients obtained no macroscopic residual tumor at the end of primary surgical treatment. Primary parenchymal disease relapsed in 84.6% cases at a parenchymal site (p < 0.001), 97.2% of peritoneal diseases relapsed on the peritoneum (p < 0.001), and 100% of nodal diseases had a nodal recurrence (p < 0.001). Stratifying by the surgical approach all these correlations have been confirmed both in the PDS (p < 0.001) and IDS (p < 0.001) groups. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the site of relapse in cases of platinum-sensitive OC recurrence is closely related to the primary location of the disease, regardless of the type of initial treatment. Therefore, more attention during followup should be paid to areas where the initial tumor was present.
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116
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Silva Filho ALD, Carvalho GM, Sena LCD, Gomes LPG, Valério MFH, Martins RIL, Cândido EB. Hormone therapy after risk-reducing surgery in patients with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation: evaluation of potential benefits and safety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:1134-1138. [PMID: 32935810 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.8.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Women with mutations in the BRCA 1 and 2 genes are at increased risk for ovarian and breast cancer and therefore candidates for risk-reducing surgery, including salpingo-oophorectomy and mastectomy. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is considered the most effective prophylactic measure for ovarian cancer prevention in this group of patients. This procedure involves loss of ovarian function and induced menopause. Estrogen therapy is the most effective treatment for controlling vasomotor symptoms and improving the quality of life of climacteric women. However, the potential hormonal stimulation of these tumors and the risk of breast cancer are a concern regarding the safety of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in this population. This article aims to review the current evidence regarding the potential benefits and safety of HRT after RRSO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Batista Cândido
- . Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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117
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Dong L, Cao X, Luo Y, Zhang G, Zhang D. A Positive Feedback Loop of lncRNA DSCR8/miR-98-5p/STAT3/HIF-1α Plays a Role in the Progression of Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1713. [PMID: 32984052 PMCID: PMC7492662 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) contribute to ovarian cancer (OC). DSCR8 has been found to mediate hepatocellular carcinoma development, while its role in OC remains to be explored. Methods In this study, lncRNA DSCR8 and miR-98-5p expressions in OC tissues and adjacent non-cancer tissues were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Besides, gain-of-function or loss-of-function assays of DSCR8 and miR-98-5p were conducted on OC cell lines SKOV-3 and A2780. Cell proliferation was detected with Cell Counting Kit (CCK)8 and colony formation assay, and western blot was used to test the apoptotic levels of OC cells. Transwell assay was conducted to examine cell invasion, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OC cells was tested by western blot. Moreover, luciferase activity assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were conducted to verify the relationships between DSCR8 and miR-98-5p, miR-98-5p, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Results DSCR8 was remarkedly increased in OC tissues and associated with poorer survival of OC patients. Overexpressing DSCR8 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT but inhibited apoptosis. On the other hand, miR-98-5p was downregulated in OC tissues and relieved the progression of OC. Moreover, overexpressed DSCR8 increased the levels of STAT3 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and dampened the functions of miR-98-5p on OC. Pharmaceutical intervention of STAT3 and HIF-1α significantly altered the expressions of DSCR8 and miR-98-5p. Conclusion The present results suggested a positive feedback loop of lncRNA DSCR8/miR-98-5p/STAT3/HIF-α axis in the progression of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejiao Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Santucci C, Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Pastorino U, Boffetta P, Negri E, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C. Progress in cancer mortality, incidence, and survival: a global overview. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 29:367-381. [PMID: 32740162 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer mortality has declined over the last three decades in most high-income countries reflecting improvements in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and management. However, there are persisting and substantial differences in mortality, incidence, and survival worldwide. In order to provide an up-to-date overview of trends in mortality, incidence, and survival, we retrieved data from high-quality, population-based cancer registries for all cancers and 10 selected cancer sites in six high-income countries and the European Union. We computed age-standardized (world standard population) mortality and incidence rates, and applied joinpoint regression models. Mortality from all cancers and most common cancer sites has declined over the last 25 years, except for the pancreas and lung (in women). The patterns for incidence are less consistent between countries, except for a steady decrease in stomach cancer in both sexes and lung cancer in men. Survival for all cancers and the selected cancer sites increased in all countries, even if there is still a substantial variability. Although overall cancer death rates continue to decline, incidence rates have been levelling off among men and have been moderately increasing among women. These trends reflect changes in cancer risk factors, screening test use, diagnostic practices, and treatment advances. Many cancers can be prevented or treated effectively if they are diagnosed early. Population-based cancer incidence and mortality data can be used to focus efforts to decrease the cancer burden and regularly monitor progress towards cancer control goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', Università degli Studi di Milano
| | | | - Ugo Pastorino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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RIP1 promotes proliferation through G2/M checkpoint progression and mediates cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necroptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1223-1233. [PMID: 32242118 PMCID: PMC7608477 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1, also known as RIPK1) is not only a tumor-promoting factor in several cancers but also mediates either apoptosis or necroptosis in certain circumstances. In this study we investigated what role RIP1 plays in human ovarian cancer cells. We showed that knockout (KO) of RIP1 substantially suppressed cell proliferation, accompanied by the G2/M checkpoint arrest in two human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and A2780. On the other hand, RIP1 KO remarkably attenuated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, which was associated with reduction of the apoptosis markers PARP cleavage and the necroptosis marker phospho-MLKL. We found that RIP1 KO suppressed cisplatin-induced ROS accumulation in both SKOV3 and A2780 cells. ROS scavenger BHA, apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD or necroptosis inhibitor NSA could effectively suppress cisplatin’s cytotoxicity in the control cells, suggesting that ROS-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis were involved in cisplatin-induced cell death. In addition, blocking necroptosis with MLKL siRNA effectively attenuated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. In human ovarian cancer A2780 cell line xenograft nude mice, RIP1 KO not only significantly suppressed the tumor growth but also greatly attenuated cisplatin’s anticancer activity. Our results demonstrate a dual role of RIP1 in human ovarian cancer: it acts as either a tumor-promoting factor to promote cancer cell proliferation or a tumor-suppressing factor to facilitate anticancer effects of chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin.
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120
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Ghahremani H, Nabati S, Tahmori H, Peirouvi T, Sirati-Sabet M, Salami S. Long-Term Glucose Restriction with or without β-Hydroxybutyrate Enrichment Distinctively Alters Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Signalings in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1708-1726. [PMID: 32799692 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1804947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial impacts of the ketogenic diet and metabolic reprograming were recently reported for ovarian cancer patients. In this study, the effects of glucose restriction with or without beta-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) enrichment were studied in drug-resistant CD133high A2780CP and CD133low SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells to scrutinize the impact of experimental ketosis on ATP production, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and related signaling pathways including Wnt, Hippo, and Hedgehog. Cells were adapted and maintained for a month with restricted levels of glucose (250 mg/l) with or without the therapeutic concentration of bHB (5 mM). Quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, chemiluminescence, and wound healing assay were used in this study. Glucose restriction and bHB enrichment reduced the stemness marker and diminished In Vitro migration in both cell lines. Glucose restriction significantly reduced ATP levels in both cells, but bHB enrichment was partially compensated for the ATP levels solely in SK-OV-3 cells. Glucose restriction mainly inhibited the Wnt pathway in the CD133high A2780CP cells, but the Hedgehog pathway was the main target in CD133low SK-OV-3 cells. In Conclusion, Prior targeted evaluations of key genes' expression would help to predict the distinctive impacts of metabolic fuels and to optimize the efficacy of ketogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghahremani
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Nabati
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tahmori
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Peirouvi
- Departments of Histology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Majid Sirati-Sabet
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Salami
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dragani TA. Difficulties in establishing a causal link between chemical exposures and cancer cannot be overcome by court assessments. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1095-1107. [PMID: 32153198 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120911426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scientific data are often used in lawsuits to prove, or dismiss, causation by a claimed factor of a claimed disease. Recent media reports of million-dollar compensations awarded to some cancer patients who had been exposed to certain chemical substances motivated me to examine how solid the causal links really were. Here, I discuss the limitations of epidemiological research on cancer causation and highlight how new knowledge of cancer genetics makes it unrealistic to expect that cancer causation can be clearly demonstrated. I then present two exposure-cancer cases, namely talcum powder-ovarian cancer and glyphosate-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, that led to civil lawsuits decided, in the United States, in favor of the claimants. Both these cancers have several risk factors, among which the claimed exposure presents only a minor, if any, increased risk. Through these cases, I explain why the use of epidemiological data is inappropriate to define causal associations in complex diseases like cancer. I close by suggesting a fairer approach, called proportional liability, to resolving future cancer litigation cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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122
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Kelm NQ, Straughn AR, Kakar SS. Withaferin A attenuates ovarian cancer-induced cardiac cachexia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236680. [PMID: 32722688 PMCID: PMC7386592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a common multifactorial syndrome in the advanced stages of cancer and accounts for approximately 20–30% of all cancer-related fatalities. In addition to the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, cancer results in impairments in cardiac function. We recently demonstrated that WFA attenuates the cachectic skeletal muscle phenotype induced by ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ovarian cancer induces cardiac cachexia, the possible pathway involved, and whether WFA attenuates cardiac cachexia. Xenografting of ovarian cancer induced cardiac cachexia, leading to the loss of normal heart functions. Treatment with WFA rescued the heart weight. Further, ovarian cancer induced systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction Treatment with WFA preserved systolic function in tumor-bearing mice, but diastolic dysfunction was partially improved. In addition, WFA abrogated the ovarian cancer-induced reduction in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Finally, treatment with WFA ameliorated fibrotic deposition in the hearts of tumor-bearing animals. We observed a tumor-induced MHC isoform switching from the adult MHCα to the embryonic MHCβ isoform, which was prevented by WFA treatment. Circulating Ang II level was increased significantly in the tumor-bearing, which was lowered by WFA treatment. Our results clearly demonstrated the induction of cardiac cachexia in response to ovarian tumors in female NSG mice. Further, we observed induction of proinflammatory markers through the AT1R pathway, which was ameliorated by WFA, in addition to amelioration of the cachectic phenotype, suggesting WFA as a potential therapeutic agent for cardiac cachexia in oncological paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Q. Kelm
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Alex R. Straughn
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Sham S. Kakar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ren Z, Liu J, Li J, Yao L. Decreased lncRNA, TINCR, promotes growth of colorectal carcinoma through upregulating microRNA-31. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14219-14231. [PMID: 32681722 PMCID: PMC7425505 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression in terminal differentiation-induced noncoding RNA (TINCR), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), has been reported in different human cancers, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Moreover, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of TINCR on CRC remain unclear. Here, by a set of bioinformatics studies, we found that microRNA-31 (miR-31), the oncogenic miRNA that robustly upregulates in CRC, was a sponge miRNA for TINCR. TINCR and miR-31 levels were inversely correlated in both CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay revealed a specific binding site on TINCR for miR-31. Suppression of TINCR promoted CRC cell growth and migration in vitro, while overexpression of TINCR inhibited CRC cell growth and migration in vitro. TINCR depletion increased tumor xenograft growth in vivo, while TINCR overexpression inhibited it. Together, our study suggests that re-expressing TINCR may suppress invasive outgrowth of CRC through miR-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ren
- Endoscopy Center, Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingzheng Liu
- Endoscopy Center, Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Li
- Endoscopy Center, Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Endoscopy Center, Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Almas T, Ullah M, Ehtesham M, Haadi A, Khan MK. A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: High-Grade Ovarian Endometrioid Carcinoma Masquerading as Pregnancy. Cureus 2020; 12:e9232. [PMID: 32821580 PMCID: PMC7430692 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinomas remain a cause of soaring mortality in the general population. Due to their anatomical location in the pelvis, malignant ovarian transformations often evade early detection, reaching astronomical proportions before eliciting clinically obvious symptoms. Epithelial ovarian carcinomas encompass a concoction of tumours derived from the ovarian surface epithelium, and are further subdivided into several subtypes ascertained primarily through histopathological workup. Of these subtypes, endometrioid ovarian carcinoma is noted to be a particularly well-differentiated tumour that often presents early in the disease course. Contrarily, advanced-stage tumours manifest a vague constellation of symptoms, such as abdominal distension and bloating, resulting in dilatory tumour detection. We hereby delineate an interesting case of a high-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinoma that, due to its vague presenting symptoms and a concomitant history of amenorrhea, was erroneously regarded as pregnancy. Subsequent diagnostic workup divulged a bilateral endometrioid ovarian carcinoma with associated serosal involvement and extensive lymph-vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Almas
- Internal Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, IRL
| | - Muneeb Ullah
- General Surgery, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Maryam Ehtesham
- Internal Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, IRL
| | - Abdul Haadi
- Internal Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, Dublin, IRL
| | - Muhammad Kashif Khan
- Surgical Oncology, Federal Government Poly Clinic (Post Graduate Medical Institute), Islamabad, PAK.,Surgical Oncology, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
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125
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Li Y, Wang Q, Ning N, Tang F, Wang Y. Bioinformatic analysis reveals MIR502 as a potential tumour suppressor in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:77. [PMID: 32660514 PMCID: PMC7359466 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major cause of death among women due to the lack of early screening methods and its complex pathological progression. Increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs regulate gene expression in tumours by interacting with mRNAs. Although the research regarding OC and microRNAs is extensive, the vital role of MIR502 in OC remains unclear. METHODS We integrated two microRNA expression arrays from GEO to identify differentially expressed genes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to screen for miRNAs that had an influence on survival outcome. Upstream regulators of MIR502 were predicted by JASPAR and verified by ChIP-seq data. The LinkedOmics database was used to study genes that were correlated with MIR502. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted for functional annotation with GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses by using the open access WebGestalt tool. We constructed a PPI network by using STRING to further explore the core proteins. RESULTS We found that the expression level of MIR502 was significantly downregulated in OC, which was related to poor overall survival. NRF1, as an upstream regulator of MIR502, was predicted by JASPAR and verified by ChIP-seq data. In addition, anti-apoptosis and pro-proliferation genes in the Hippo signalling pathway, including CCND1, MYC, FGF1 and GLI2, were negatively regulated by MIR502, as shown in the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment results. The PPI network further demonstrated that CCND1 and MYCN were at core positions in the development of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS MIR502, which is regulated by NRF1, acts as a tumour suppressor gene to accelerate apoptosis and suppress proliferation by targeting the Hippo signalling pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanglan Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Bone marrow stromal cells-derived microRNA-181-containing extracellular vesicles inhibit ovarian cancer cell chemoresistance by downregulating MEST via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:785-798. [PMID: 32632270 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP)-based strategies are the first-line treatment for cancers; however, resistance to DDP remains a major obstacle to cancer treatment. The current study set out to investigate the effects of microRNA-181c (miR-181c) on the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to DDP. Ovarian cancer-associated miRs as well as the target messenger RNAs were screened using microarray-based analysis followed by determining the expression patterns of miR-181c and mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) in ovarian cancer tissues with RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Subsequently, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the targeting relation between miR-181c and MEST. Through gain- or loss-of-function experiments, the study explored the mechanism by which miR-181 regulated MEST to influence the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to DDP via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Afterwards, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and co-cultured with ovarian cancer cells to further investigate the effects of overexpressed miR-181 delivered by BMSCs-derived EVs on ovarian cancer cell resistance to DDP. miR-181c was significantly downregulated, while MEST was up-regulated in ovarian cancer. miR-181c was verified to specifically bind to MEST. Overexpressed miR-181c depleted the expression of MEST to attenuate the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to DDP by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the delivery of overexpressed miR-181c by BMSCs-derived EVs was found to suppress the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to DDP. These findings demonstrate that miR-181c delivered by BMSCs-derived EVs down-regulates MEST, to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus repressing the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to DDP.
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127
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Goodman JE, Kerper LE, Prueitt RL, Marsh CM. A critical review of talc and ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:183-213. [PMID: 32401187 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1755402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The association between perineal talc use and ovarian cancer has been evaluated in several epidemiology studies. Some case-control studies reported weak positive associations, while other case-control and three large prospective cohort investigations found this association to be null. A weight-of-evidence evaluation was conducted of the epidemiology, toxicity, exposure, transport, in vitro, and mechanistic evidence to determine whether, collectively, these data support a causal association. Our review of the literature indicated that, while both case-control and cohort studies may be impacted by bias, the possibility of recall and other biases from the low participation rates and retrospective self-reporting of talc exposure cannot be ruled out for any of the case-control studies. The hypothesis that talc exposure induces ovarian cancer is only supported if one discounts the null results of the cohort studies and the fact that significant bias and/or confounding are likely reasons for the associations reported in some case-control investigations. In addition, one would need to ignore the evidence from animal experiments that show no marked association with cancer, in vitro and genotoxicity studies that did not indicate a carcinogenic mechanism of action for talc, and mechanistic and transport investigations that did not support the retrograde transport of talc to the ovaries. An alternative hypothesis that talc does not produce ovarian cancer, and that bias and confounding contribute the reported positive associations in case-control studies, is better supported by the evidence across all scientific disciplines. It is concluded that the evidence does not support a causal association between perineal talc use and ovarian cancer.
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128
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Ge J, Han T, Shan L, Na J, Li Y, Wang J. Long non-coding RNA THOR promotes ovarian Cancer cells progression via IL-6/STAT3 pathway. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:72. [PMID: 32552789 PMCID: PMC7302152 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The prognosis of OC remains poor due to the advanced stage and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Recently, a novel lncRNA, THOR (testis-associated highly conserved oncogenic long non-coding RNA), was characterized in human cancers and shown to exhibit an oncogenic role. However, the role of THOR in OC remains unclear. Methods RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of THOR, p-STAT3 and IL-6. The impact of THOR on OC proliferation, metastasis and self-renewal was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The prognostic value of THOR was determined in OC patient cohorts. Results In this study, our results find that THOR is markedly upregulated in human OC tissues and predicts the poor prognosis of OC patients. Functional studies have revealed that knockdown of THOR inhibits the growth, metastasis and self-renewal of OC cells. Mechanistically, THOR drives OC cell progression via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Moreover, the specific STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 or IL-6R inhibitor tocilizumab diminish the discrepancy in the growth, metastatic and self-renewal capacity between THOR-silenced OC cells and control cells, which further confirm that IL-6/STAT3 is required in THOR-driven OC cells progression. Conclusion Our findings reveal that THOR could promote OC cells growth, metastasis and self-renewal by activating IL-6/STAT3 signaling and may be a good predictive factor and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lili Shan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Na
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
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129
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Ovarian cancer risk in relation to blood lipid levels and hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational epidemiologic studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 30:161-170. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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130
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Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Boffetta P, Levi F, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Malvezzi M. European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2020 with a focus on prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:650-658. [PMID: 32321669 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current cancer mortality figures are important for disease management and resource allocation. We estimated mortality counts and rates for 2020 in the European Union (EU) and for its six most populous countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained cancer death certification and population data from the World Health Organization and Eurostat databases for 1970-2015. We estimated projections to 2020 for 10 major cancer sites plus all neoplasms and calculated the number of avoided deaths over 1989-2020. RESULTS Total cancer mortality rates in the EU are predicted to decline reaching 130.1/100 000 men (-5.4% since 2015) and 82.2 in women (-4.1%) in 2020. The predicted number of deaths will increase by 4.7% reaching 1 428 800 in 2020. In women, the upward lung cancer trend is predicted to continue with a rate in 2020 of 15.1/100 000 (higher than that for breast cancer, 13.5) while in men we predicted further falls. Pancreatic cancer rates are also increasing in women (+1.2%) but decreasing in men (-1.9%). In the EU, the prostate cancer predicted rate is 10.0/100 000, declining by 7.1% since 2015; decreases for this neoplasm are ∼8% at age 45-64, 14% at 65-74 and 75-84, and 6% at 85 and over. Poland is the only country with an increasing prostate cancer trend (+18%). Mortality rates for other cancers are predicted to decline further. Over 1989-2020, we estimated over 5 million avoided total cancer deaths and over 400 000 for prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Cancer mortality predictions for 2020 in the EU are favourable with a greater decline in men. The number of deaths continue to rise due to population ageing. Due to the persistent amount of predicted lung (and other tobacco-related) cancer deaths, tobacco control remains a public health priority, especially for women. Favourable trends for prostate cancer are largely attributable to continuing therapeutic improvements along with early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Levi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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131
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Adani G, Filippini T, Wise LA, Halldorsson TI, Blaha L, Vinceti M. Dietary Intake of Acrylamide and Risk of Breast, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancers: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1095-1106. [PMID: 32169997 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen. Aside from occupational exposures and smoking, diet is the main source of exposure in humans. We performed a systematic review of the association between estimated dietary intake of acrylamide and risk of female breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers in nonexperimental studies published through February 25, 2020, and conducted a dose-response meta-analysis. We identified 18 papers covering 10 different study populations: 16 cohort and two case-control studies. Acrylamide intake was associated with a slightly increased risk of ovarian cancer, particularly among never smokers. For endometrial cancer, risk was highest at intermediate levels of exposure, whereas the association was more linear and positive among never smokers. For breast cancer, we found evidence of a null or inverse relation between exposure and risk, particularly among never smokers and postmenopausal women. In a subgroup analysis limited to premenopausal women, breast cancer risk increased linearly with acrylamide intake starting at 20 μg/day of intake. High acrylamide intake was associated with increased risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers in a relatively linear manner, especially among never smokers. Conversely, little association was observed between acrylamide intake and breast cancer risk, with the exception of premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Adani
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Attini R, Cabiddu G, Montersino B, Gammaro L, Gernone G, Moroni G, Santoro D, Spotti D, Masturzo B, Gazzani IB, Menato G, Donvito V, Paoletti AM, Piccoli GB. Contraception in chronic kidney disease: a best practice position statement by the Kidney and Pregnancy Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol 2020; 33:1343-1359. [PMID: 32166655 PMCID: PMC7701165 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Even though fertility is reduced, conception and delivery are possible in all stages of CKD. While successful planned pregnancies are increasing, an unwanted pregnancy may have long-lasting deleterious effects, hence the importance of birth control, an issue often disregarded in clinical practice. The evidence summarized in this position statement is mainly derived from the overall population, or other patient categories, in the lack of guidelines specifically addressed to CKD. Oestroprogestagents can be used in early, non-proteinuric CKD, excluding SLE and immunologic disorders, at high risk of thromboembolism and hypertension. Conversely, progestin only is generally safe and its main side effect is intramestrual spotting. Non-medicated intrauterine devices are a good alternative; their use needs to be carefully evaluated in patients at a high risk of pelvic infection, even though the degree of risk remains controversial. Barrier methods, relatively efficacious when correctly used, have few risks, and condoms are the only contraceptives that protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Surgical sterilization is rarely used also because of the risks surgery involves; it is not definitely contraindicated, and may be considered in selected cases. Emergency contraception with high-dose progestins or intrauterine devices is not contraindicated but should be avoided whenever possible, even if far preferable to abortion. Surgical abortion is invasive, but experience with medical abortion in CKD is still limited, especially in the late stages of the disease. In summary, personalized contraception is feasible, safe and should be offered to all CKD women of childbearing age who do not want to get pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Attini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Montersino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy
| | - Linda Gammaro
- Nephrology Ospedale Fracastoro San Bonifacio, San Bonifacio, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology, Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Spotti
- Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Bianca Gazzani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Menato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Donvito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Paoletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy. .,Nephrology and Dialysis, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
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"I Wasn't Gonna Let It Stop Me": Exploring Women's Experiences of Getting Through Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2020. [PMID: 29538021 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women with ovarian cancer experience significant chemotherapy-related adverse effects during treatment and thus cannot complete it without dose reductions and/or delays. There is some indication that chemotherapy completion is associated with improved survival, although currently little is known about what helps women get through chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore women's accounts of the factors they believed were helpful during their ovarian cancer treatment. METHODS Using a qualitative approach within a critical realist framework, we conducted interviews with 18 women who had received chemotherapy for ovarian cancer and analyzed the data thematically. RESULTS We identified 3 main themes related to women's experiences of dealing with chemotherapy: "optimistic tenacity," which illustrates a specific stoic identity that women assumed during treatment; "self-care," which reflects the health behaviors and activities women engaged in and lifestyle adjustments they made; and "support systems," which emphasizes the importance of social, emotional, and medical support and the specific needs shared by women undergoing treatment for ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of women's unique experiences of treatment that may influence whether they complete chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study highlights the central role of women's optimistic determination within a wider self-caring and well-supported context of treatment; we aim to provide feedback and guidance to health professionals caring for women with ovarian cancer.
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134
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Bergsten TM, Burdette JE, Dean M. Fallopian tube initiation of high grade serous ovarian cancer and ovarian metastasis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:152-160. [PMID: 32067992 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although outcomes have improved in recent years, there remains an unmet clinical need to understand the early pathogenesis of ovarian cancer in order to identify new diagnostic approaches and agents of chemoprevention and chemotherapy. While high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most abundant histotype, was initially thought to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that HGSOC originates in the fallopian tube. With this new understanding of cell of origin, understanding of disease development requires analysis with a novel perspective. Currently, factors that drive the initiation and migration of dysplastic tubal epithelial cells from the fallopian tube to the ovary are not yet fully defined. These factors include common mutations to fallopian tube epithelial cells, as well as factors originating from both the fallopian tube and ovary which are capable of inducing transformation and dissemination in said cells. Here, we review these changes, their causative agents, and various potential means of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova M Bergsten
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Dean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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135
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Li W, Ma S, Bai X, Pan W, Ai L, Tan W. Long noncoding RNA WDFY3-AS2 suppresses tumor progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of microRNA-18a in ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:1141-1154. [PMID: 31347170 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a fatal cancer in women, mainly due to its aggressive nature and poor survival rate. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (long noncoding RNA-microRNA-messenger RNA) interaction is promising biomarkers for the improving prognosis of OC. Therefore, we explored the regulatory mechanism of WDFY3-AS2/miR-18a/RORA axis involved in the biological activities of OC cells. Microarray analysis predicted differentially expressed lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA related to OC, followed by investigating the relationship among them. The expression patterns of the identified lncRNA WDFY3-AS2, miR-18a, and RORA were measured in OC tissue and cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to characterize the effect of lncRNA WDFY3-AS2 on OC cells, as well as the involvement of miR-18a and RAR related orphan receptor A (RORA). The in vitro assays were validated by in vivo experiments. According to bioinformatics analysis, WDFY3-AS2 was speculated to affect OC by sponging miR-18a and modulating RORA. WDFY3-AS2 and RORA were underexpressed in OC, while miR-18a was highly expressed. Notably, WDFY3-AS2 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR-18a and upregulate RORA. Upon overexpressing WDFY3-AS2 or inhibiting miR-18a, RORA expression was increased, thereby the OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were suppressed, accompanied by enhanced apoptosis. In vivo experiments confirmed that the tumor growth was reduced in response to overexpressed WDFY3-AS2 or inhibited miR-18a. Taken together, the lncRNA WDFY3-AS2/miR-18a axis regulates the tumor progression of OC by targeting RORA, providing new insights for prevention and control of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Ai
- Station Health Team, Troop, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Luo Y, Fang C, Jin L, Ding H, Lyu Y, Ni G. The microRNA212 regulated PEA15 promotes ovarian cancer progression by inhibiting of apoptosis. J Cancer 2020; 11:1424-1435. [PMID: 32047549 PMCID: PMC6995389 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PEA15 (Proliferation And Apoptosis Adaptor) is a 15kDa multifunctional phosphoprotein involved in various essential biological processes such as proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that PEA15 can promote the progression of many malignancies. In the present study, the expression of PEA15 in ovarian cancer and normal tissues analyzed in several databases and PEA15 was found to be significantly up-regulated in OC tissues compared to normal tissues. Immunochemical assays performed using 171 OC tissue specimens proved that the expression of PEA15 was remarkably positively correlated with the FIGO stage and associated with histologic subgroups of ovarian cancer. IHC assay for the two phosphorylation sites of PEA15 S116 and S104 was also performed. PEA15 high expression predicted a poor prognosis in OC patients analysed from K-M plot dataset. In addition, we proved knockdown of PEA15 inhibits OC cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by Bcl2 downregulation and Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 upregulation. Overexpression of PEA15 promotes the proliferative capacity of OC cells. Moreover, this study first discovered PEA15 expression in OC can be negatively regulated by microRNA212. Overexpression of miR-212 in ovarian cancer cells could cause downregulated the expression of PEA15 expression. Overexpression of miR-212 was found to exerted similar effects on the proliferation, and apoptosis of the ovarian cancer cells as that of PEA15 suppression. Additionally, overexpression of PEA15could at least partially abolished the effects of miR-212 on the proliferation, and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings revealed PEA15 appears as a novel predictive biomarker, thus providing a valuable therapeutic target in OC treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | | | - Lan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | - Guantai Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
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137
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miR-205-3p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Ovarian Carcinoma. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:380-388. [PMID: 32046433 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the most lethal form of gynaecologic cancers in developed countries. To develop a better therapeutic against OC, characterizing new classes of molecular regulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in OC tumorigenesis becomes immensely important. We used human OC cell lines to study the expression pattern of miRNA-205-3p. We then employed miRNA-205-3p mimic and inhibitor to elucidate its functional role in OC cells. Downstream target of miRNA-205-3p was characterized in OC cells with luciferase gene reporter assay and Western blotting. Its functional role in OC was also investigated with the siRNA approach. Lastly, we assessed the expression change of miRNA-205-3p and its newly identified target in human OC tissues. miR-205-3p was downregulated in five human OC lines tested. Over-expressing miR-205-3p reduced OC cell proliferation and migration. MAPK10 was identified as a direct target of miR-205-3p. Knocking down MAPK10 suppressed OC cell growth and migration. In contrast, knocking down miR-205-3p promoted clonogenicity of primary ovary cells. In clinical samples, miR-205-3p and MAPK10 expressed inversely in accordance with their expression patterns in OC cells. miR-205-3p was shown as a novel tumor suppressor in OC via inhibiting the MAPK10 pathway. This new finding may inspire new personalized treatment for OC.
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POSTMENOPAUSAL PERIOD - AS A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TUMORS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2020-3-73-37-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhihong Z, Rubin C, Liping L, Anpeng M, Hui G, Yanting W, Zhenxiu S. MicroRNA-1179 regulates proliferation and chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells by targeting the PTEN-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:907-914. [PMID: 32542094 PMCID: PMC7286340 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to widespread roles of miRs, the dysregulation of their expression in human tissues has been linked with the development of several diseases such as cancer. The study was designed to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of miR-1179 in ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Proliferation rate was monitored by MTT assay. Transfections were performed using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. Cell cycle apoptosis was detected by AO/EB and annexin V/PI staining. Expressions analysis was carried out by qRT-PCR and western blotting. In vivo evaluation was carried out in xenografted mouse models. RESULTS The results revealed that miR-1179 is considerably upregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines. Inhibition of miR-1179 triggers decrease in the viability via initiation of apoptotic cell death of ovarian PA-1 cancer cells. TargetScan analysis showed PTEN to be the main target of miR-1179 in PA-1 cells. Exploration of PTEN expression in ovarian cancer cell lines revealed up to 9-fold downregulation of PTEN. However, inhibition of miR-1179 in PA-1 cells resulted in upregulation of PTEN expression. In addition, overexpression of PTEN caused a reduction of PA-1 cell viability via induction of apoptotic cell death. However, silencing of miR-1179 could rescue the effects of miR-1179 inhibition on the proliferation of miR-1179. The miR-1179 suppression was accompanied by a significant decline in phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT expression in the PA-1 cells. The in vivo study showed that miR-1179 suppression inhibits the xenografted tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that miR-1179 may prove to be an important therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhihong
- Department of Oncology, Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chen Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Liping
- Department of Radiology, Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mao Anpeng
- Department of Oncology, Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guo Hui
- Department of Oncology, Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wu Yanting
- Department of Oncology, Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shan Zhenxiu
- Department of Oncology, Gong’an County People’s Hospital, Gong’an County, Hubei Province, China
- Corresponding author: Shan Zhenxiu, Department of Oncology, Gong’an County, People’s Hospital, Hubei Province, 433000, China, Phone/fax: +86 716 522 9191, E-mail:
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Güzel D, Yıldırım N, Besler A, Akman L, Özdemir N, Zekioğlu O, Özsaran Z, Şanlı UA, Göker E, Haydaroğlu A, Terek MC, Özsaran AA. Over kanserinin epidemiyolojisi ve genel sağ kalım özellikleri. EGE TIP DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.669376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Chamani M, Maleki Dana P, Chaichian S, Moazzami B, Asemi Z. Chitosan is a potential inhibitor of ovarian cancer: Molecular aspects. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:687-697. [PMID: 31873986 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although ovarian cancer has a lower prevalence than breast cancer, its mortality rate is three times higher, which is reported to increase in the coming years. As the early stages of ovarian cancer do not have any obvious symptoms, in most of the cases, this cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages with a poor prognosis. Moreover, in many patients who are diagnosed with advanced stage, relapse of the disease and drug resistance are observed. Over the past years, these women have been treated with chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgeries. However, the chemotherapy could affect the healthy tissues in addition to the malignancies. Therefore, discovering new diagnostic and therapeutic options seems to be a crucial need. Unlike the common invasive and/or nonspecific treatments, nanomedicine is trying to find a new way for cancer imaging, diagnosis, and drug delivery method. Nanoparticles (NPs), which has recently drawn attention, can be used in order to reduce the toxicity and frequent dosing of drugs, tumor-specific delivery, and early diagnosis for malignancies. Chitosan as an NP and product of chitin deacetylation has multiple characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and safety. In this review, we cover the studies concerned with the role of chitosan in finding solutions to overcome the problems faced in ovarian cancer treatments. Furthermore, we highlight how chitosan is being used in delivering chemotherapy drugs, gene therapy, and imaging methods for both detection and image-guided therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chamani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Guo H, Ha C, Dong H, Yang Z, Ma Y, Ding Y. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomal microRNA-98-5p promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by targeting CDKN1A. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:347. [PMID: 31889899 PMCID: PMC6925473 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological malignancy with a high mortality. Cisplatin-based treatment is the typical treatment regimen for OC patients; however, it may cause unfavorable resistance. The current study intends to explore the function of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived exosomal microRNA-98-5p (miR-98-5p) in cisplatin resistance in OC, and the participation of CDKN1A. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed in order to obtain cisplatin resistance-related differential genes in OC as well as possible upstream regulatory miRs. After gain- and loss-of-function assays in OC cells, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were employed to measure CDKN1A and miR-98-5p expression. Dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify the targeting relationship between miR-98-5p and CDKN1A. CAFs were treated with miR-98-5p inhibitor, and then exosomes were isolated and co-cultured with OC cells. CCK-8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation, cell colony formation, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis, respectively. At last, xenograft tumor in nude mice was carried out to test whether exosomal miR-98-5p could affect cisplatin resistance in OC in vivo. Results CDKN1A was highly expressed in cisplatin-sensitive OC cell lines, and silencing CDKN1A significantly promoted proliferation and cell cycle entry but decreased apoptosis in cisplatin-sensitive OC cells. miR-98-5p targeted CDKN1A to inhibit CDKN1A expression. CAF-derived exosomal miR-98-5p increased OC cell proliferation and cell cycle entry, but suppressed cell apoptosis. Furthermore, exosomal miR-98-5p promoted cisplatin resistance and downregulated CDKN1A in nude mice. Conclusion Collectively, CAF-derived exosomes carrying overexpressed miR-98-5p promote cisplatin resistance in OC by downregulating CDKN1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- 1Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Ha
- 1Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dong
- 2Scientific Research Equipment Management Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- 1Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Ding
- 1Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To delineate the current state of evidence on the impact of night shift work on age at natural menopause. RECENT FINDINGS The only direct evidence is from a single observational study, which indicates that women who work night shifts are at moderately higher risk for earlier menopause and that this risk is more pronounced among younger women. Underlying biological mechanisms have yet to be sufficiently substantiated. A long-held line of inquiry, most strongly propagated by the observed link between night shift work and female breast cancer, is the 'Light at Night' hypothesis, which suggests melatonin-mediated circadian disruption as a potential regulator of reproductive signaling in women. Supporting evidence is found from observations of changes in endogenous melatonin production among night working women or in response to light exposure, and corresponding changes in endogenous ovarian hormone levels and modulated menstrual patterns, among other indications of altered central ovulation-governing processes. Susceptibility to night shift work may be modified by chronotype. SUMMARY This review summarizes the literature related to night work and ovulatory regulation in humans, prioritizing population-based evidence to provide motivation for the study of circadian disruption and night shift work as a regulator of menopausal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stock
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University
- Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Rodriguez T, Levi F, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Negri E. Cancer mortality predictions for 2019 in Latin America. Int J Cancer 2019; 147:619-632. [PMID: 31637709 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We estimated mortality figures for 2019 in seven Latin American countries, with focus on breast cancer. We retrieved cancer death certification and population data from the WHO and PAHO databases. We obtained mortality statistics for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico and Venezuela for 1970-2015. We predicted current death numbers and age-standardised (world population) mortality rates using joinpoint regression models. Total cancer mortality is predicted to decline in all countries and both sexes, except Argentinian women. Cuba had the highest all cancer rates for 2019, 136.9/100,000 men and 90.4 women, while Mexico showed the lowest ones, 63.8/100,000 men and 61.9 women. Stomach cancer showed favourable trends over the whole period, while colorectal cancer only recently. Lung cancer rates declined in men, while in women they decreased slightly over the most recent years, only. In Cuban women, lung cancer rates overtook breast cancer ones. Breast cancer showed overall favourable trends, but rates are rising in young women. Prostate and uterine cancer had favourable trends. Pancreas, ovary, bladder and leukaemias showed slightly decreasing trends. Between 1990 and 2019, mortality from all neoplasms is predicted to fall by about 18% in Argentina, 26% in Chile, 14% in Colombia, 17% in Mexico and 13% in Venezuela, corresponding to almost 0.5 million avoided cancer deaths. No decline was observed in Brazil and Cuba. Of concern, the persisting high rates of (cervix) uterus cancer, the high lung cancer rates in Cuba, the possible increases in breast cancer in young women, and the lack of overall declines in Brazil, Cuba and Venezuelan men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Rodriguez
- Navarra General Hospital, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Fabio Levi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Harnod T, Tsai IJ, Chen W, Wang JH, Lin SZ, Sung FC, Ding DC. Hysterectomy and unilateral salpingectomy associate with a higher risk of subsequent ovarian cancer: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18058. [PMID: 31770221 PMCID: PMC6890306 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the relationship between gynecologic surgery and subsequent ovarian cancer have been carried out in limited Western ethnic groups. We aim to evaluate whether receiving hysterectomy and/or salpingectomy associated with ovarian cancer risk in Taiwan.From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified a gynecologic surgery cohort consisting of women who had newly received hysterectomy (N = 181,151), salpingectomy (N = 45,410) or both hysterectomy and salpingectomy (N = 11,875) in 2000 to 2013. A comparison cohort of 953,744 women was randomly selected from women without the surgeries, frequency-matched by age and index date of the surgery case. They were followed up to identify subsequent ovarian cancer by the end of 2013.The overall ovarian cancer incidence was 4.4-fold greater in the gynecologic surgery cohort than in the comparison cohort (41.5 vs 9.43 per 10 person-years) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.86 (95% confidence interval = 2.56-5.84). Women with both hysterectomy and salpingectomy had the highest incidence and followed by women with hysterectomy or salpingectomy (52.5, 45.5, or 23.3 per 10 person-years, respectively). No ovarian cancer was noted in the subgroup with bilateral salpingectomies.We conclude that women with gynecologic surgery of hysterectomy and/or salpingectomy are at an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, particularly among women who have had other gynecologic comorbidity. Women with gynecologic surgery and comorbidity deserve greater attention to prevent and screen for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomor Harnod
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - I-Ju Tsai
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Weishan Chen
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Liu M, Shen C, Wang C. Long Noncoding RNA LINC01133 Confers Tumor-Suppressive Functions in Ovarian Cancer by Regulating Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 as an miR-205 Sponge. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2323-2339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu J, Meng H, Li S, Shen Y, Wang H, Shan W, Qiu J, Zhang J, Cheng W. Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Association With Progression and Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2019; 10:1031. [PMID: 31708970 PMCID: PMC6822059 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the malignancies in women, which has the highest mortality. However, the microlevel mechanism has not been discussed in detail. The expression profiles GSE27651, GSE38666, GSE40595, and GSE66957 including 188 tumor and 52 nontumor samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered using R software, and we performed functional analysis using the clusterProfiler. Cytoscape software, the molecular complex detection plugin and database STRING analyzed DEGs to construct protein-protein interaction network. We identified 116 DEGs including 81 upregulated and 35 downregulated DEGs. Functional analysis revealed that they were significantly enriched in the extracellular region and biosynthesis of amino acids. We next identified four bioactive compounds (vorinostat, LY-294002,trichostatin A, and tanespimycin) based on ConnectivityMap. Then 114 nodes were obtained in protein-protein interaction. The three most relevant modules were detected. In addition, according to degree ≥ 10, 14 core genes including FOXM1, CXCR4, KPNA2, NANOG, UBE2C, KIF11, ZWINT, CDCA5, DLGAP5, KIF15, MCM2, MELK, SPP1, and TRIP13 were identified. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Oncomine, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis showed that overexpression of FOXM1, SPP1, UBE2C, KIF11, ZWINT, CDCA5, UBE2C, and KIF15 was related to bad prognosis of EOC patients. CDCA5, FOXM1, KIF15, MCM2, and ZWINT were associated with stage. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that messenger RNA levels of these five genes exhibited better diagnostic efficiency for normal and tumor tissues. The Human Protein Atlas database was performed. The protein levels of these five genes were significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that all the hub genes played crucial roles in citrate cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that ZWINT was independent prognostic indictor among EOC patients. The genes and pathways discovered in the above studies may open a new direction for EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangyang Meng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Shan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangnan Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Rajput Z, Hering KG, Kraus T, Tannapfel A, Sonnenschein G, Centmayer A, Radon K, Nowak D, Weinmann T. Investigating the association between occupational exposure to asbestos and ovarian carcinoma: results from a pilot study in Germany. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1341. [PMID: 31640610 PMCID: PMC6805637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of a large-scale epidemiologic investigation elucidating the quantitative association between occupational exposure to asbestos and ovarian cancer in former German asbestos workers. Methods Between December 2017 and May 2018, a random sample of one thousand insured woman registered at the health service of a German trade association as formerly occupationally exposed to asbestos were invited to participate in a pilot study. Participation included a phone interview using a standardised questionnaire. The feasibility of the project was evaluated using a priori defined criteria. They included response, number of cases, eligibility of the questionnaire data for exact estimation of asbestos fibre-years, and availability of relevant medical documentation (imaging procedures, medical reports, and histologic materials). Results The response (17%) was clearly below the intended number of 60%. With six tumour suspects, of which two could be confirmed by medical documents, the number of cases was within the expected range of two to eleven cases. Exact asbestos fibre-year estimations could be performed for 29% of all interviewees, but only for one suspected case. Medical documentation could be collected for only few participants, while no histology reports could be obtained for all cases. Thus, only the feasibility criterion of the expected number of cases was fulfilled. Conclusion The results of the pilot study indicate that the planned project is feasible only to a very limited extent. For further planning of the study, measures to improve recruitment of participants are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Rajput
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Kurt Georg Hering
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Radiooncology and Nuclear Medicine, Radiological Clinic, Miner's Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute for Pathology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Centmayer
- Gesundheitsvorsorge (GVS), Berufsgenossenschaft Energie Textil Elektro Medienerzeugnisse (BG ETEM), Augsburg, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Tobias Weinmann
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, München, Germany.
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Zamorano AS, Hagemann AR, Morrison L, Lee JA, Liao LM, Brinton LA, Park Y, Toriola AT. Pre-diagnosis body mass index, physical activity and ovarian cancer mortality. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 155:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chronic iron exposure and c-Myc/H-ras-mediated transformation in fallopian tube cells alter the expression of EVI1, amplified at 3q26.2 in ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:46. [PMID: 31434871 PMCID: PMC6704182 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are not yet well defined although key precursor cells have been identified (including fimbriated fallopian tube epithelium, FTSECs). Since iron is elevated in endometriotic cysts and the pelvic cavity, it is suggested that this source of redox-active iron may contribute to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Specifically, sources of nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI) within the pelvic cavity could arise from ovulation, retrograde menstruation, follicular fluid, or iron overload conditions (i.e., hemochromatosis). Herein, we investigated the cellular response of p53-inactivated and telomerase-expressing (immortalized) FTSECs (Pax8+/FoxJ1−) to NTBI (presented as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), supplemented in media for >2 months) in order to assess its ability to promote the transition to a tumor-like phenotype; this cellular response was compared with immortalized FTSECs transformed with H-RasV12A and c-MycT58A. Both approaches resulted in increased cell numbers and expression of the oncogenic transcriptional regulator, ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1, a gene most frequently amplified at 3q26.2 in HGSOC, represented by multiple variants), along with other oncogenic gene products. In contrast to the transformed cells, FAC-exposed FTSECs elicited elevated migratory capacity (and epithelial–mesenchymal transition mRNA profile) along with increased expression of DNA damage response proteins (i.e., FANCD2) and hTERT mRNA relative to controls. Interestingly, in FAC-exposed FTSECs, EVI1 siRNA attenuated hTERT mRNA expression, whereas siRNAs targeting β-catenin and BMI1 (both elevated with chronic iron exposure) reduced Myc and Cyclin D1 proteins. Collectively, our novel findings provide strong foundational evidence for potential iron-induced initiation events, including EVI1 alterations, in the pathogenesis of HGSOC, warranting further in depth investigations. Thus, these findings will substantially advance our understanding of the contribution of iron enriched within the pelvic cavity, which may identify patients at risk of developing this deadly disease.
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