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Wang D, Zhai Y, Liu D, Zhang N, Li C, Shi X. Identification and Genetic Differentiation of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes in China. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:407-417. [PMID: 31586197 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of biotypes of the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was initially found only on wheat, but barley can also be critical in the process. To address this issue, S. avenae clones were collected on barley and wheat, genotyped with six microsatellite markers, and tested with 58 wheat/barley varieties. Based on the virulence response profiles on different resistant wheat/barley varieties and three susceptible controls, six biotypes of S. avenae were identified. We developed a new system to distinguish between S. avenae biotypes by using only five barley/wheat varieties (i.e., barley: Dulihuang, Zaoshu No.3, Xiyin No.2; wheat: Zhong 4 wumang, 186-TM12-34). The unique virulence profiles of different S. avenae biotypes were further verified by testing their life-history traits (i.e., 10-d fecundity and total developmental time of nymphs) on the abovementioned five barley/wheat varieties. Among all the identified biotypes, biotype 1 was predominant, occupying over 82% of the total in each province. Biotype 5 was found only in Xinjiang, whereas biotype 6 occurred only in Zhejiang. The principal coordinate analysis with microsatellite data suggested apparently low genetic differentiation between biotypes 1 and 2. In most cases, extents of genetic divergence between different S. avenae biotypes could reflect differences in virulence response profiles of these biotypes, implying a genetic component for evolutionary relationships among these biotypes. Our study provides insights into the development and evolution of aphid biotypes, and a firm basis for clarifying the underlying genetic and evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingting Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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102
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Li X, Bellard C, Hu F, Li H. Effect of distance, area, and climate on the frequency of introduction and extinction events on islands and archipelagos. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Céline Bellard
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique & Evolution University of Paris‐Sud CNRS, AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay 91405Orsay Cedex France
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
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103
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Cao L, Gao Y, Gong Y, Chen J, Chen M, Hoffmann A, Wei S. Population analysis reveals genetic structure of an invasive agricultural thrips pest related to invasion of greenhouses and suitable climatic space. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1868-1880. [PMID: 31700532 PMCID: PMC6824073 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions of pests into climatically unsuitable areas can be facilitated by human-regulated environments, in which case there may be an impact on genetic structure through population processes and/or adaptation. Here, we investigated the population genetic structure of an invasive agricultural pest, Thrips palmi, in China, which has expanded its distribution range through using greenhouses. Early invaded populations showed a relatively higher level of genetic diversity than recently expanded greenhouse populations. Strong population genetic structure corresponded to a pattern of isolation by distance, with no recent gene flow and low historical gene flow among populations, reflecting limited ongoing dispersal. A genetic signature of population expansion was detected in early invaded populations and three northern populations from greenhouses, suggesting that the greenhouse environments facilitated expansion of this species. Redundancy analysis showed that the independent effects of environment and geography could explain 51.68% and 32.06% of the genetic variance, respectively. These findings point to climate- and greenhouse-related spatial expansion, with the potential for adaptation by T. palmi. They emphasize the contribution of human-regulated environments on the successes of this invasive species, a situation likely to apply to other invasive species that use greenhouse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Fu Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ya‐Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Shu‐Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
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104
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Kim SW, Sampayo EM, Sommer B, Sims CA, Gómez-Cabrera MDC, Dalton SJ, Beger M, Malcolm HA, Ferrari R, Fraser N, Figueira WF, Smith SDA, Heron SF, Baird AH, Byrne M, Eakin CM, Edgar R, Hughes TP, Kyriacou N, Liu G, Matis PA, Skirving WJ, Pandolfi JM. Refugia under threat: Mass bleaching of coral assemblages in high-latitude eastern Australia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3918-3931. [PMID: 31472029 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental anomalies that trigger adverse physiological responses and mortality are occurring with increasing frequency due to climate change. At species' range peripheries, environmental anomalies are particularly concerning because species often exist at their environmental tolerance limits and may not be able to migrate to escape unfavourable conditions. Here, we investigated the bleaching response and mortality of 14 coral genera across high-latitude eastern Australia during a global heat stress event in 2016. We evaluated whether the severity of assemblage-scale and genus-level bleaching responses was associated with cumulative heat stress and/or local environmental history, including long-term mean temperatures during the hottest month of each year (SSTLTMAX ), and annual fluctuations in water temperature (SSTVAR ) and solar irradiance (PARZVAR ). The most severely-bleached genera included species that were either endemic to the region (Pocillopora aliciae) or rare in the tropics (e.g. Porites heronensis). Pocillopora spp., in particular, showed high rates of immediate mortality. Bleaching severity of Pocillopora was high where SSTLTMAX was low or PARZVAR was high, whereas bleaching severity of Porites was directly associated with cumulative heat stress. While many tropical Acropora species are extremely vulnerable to bleaching, the Acropora species common at high latitudes, such as A. glauca and A. solitaryensis, showed little incidence of bleaching and immediate mortality. Two other regionally-abundant genera, Goniastrea and Turbinaria, were also largely unaffected by the thermal anomaly. The severity of assemblage-scale bleaching responses was poorly explained by the environmental parameters we examined. Instead, the severity of assemblage-scale bleaching was associated with local differences in species abundance and taxon-specific bleaching responses. The marked taxonomic disparity in bleaching severity, coupled with high mortality of high-latitude endemics, point to climate-driven simplification of assemblage structures and progressive homogenisation of reef functions at these high-latitude locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun W Kim
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugenia M Sampayo
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carrie A Sims
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Del C Gómez-Cabrera
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve J Dalton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hamish A Malcolm
- Fisheries Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Renata Ferrari
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Fraser
- Solitary Islands Underwater Research Group, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Will F Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen D A Smith
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott F Heron
- Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Andrew H Baird
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Mark Eakin
- Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert Edgar
- Solitary Islands Underwater Research Group, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Terry P Hughes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole Kyriacou
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Paloma A Matis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - William J Skirving
- Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - John M Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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105
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Ruggeri P, Pasternak E, Okamura B. To remain or leave: Dispersal variation and its genetic consequences in benthic freshwater invertebrates. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12069-12088. [PMID: 31832145 PMCID: PMC6854113 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in dispersal capacity may influence population genetic variation and relatedness of freshwater animals thus demonstrating how life-history traits influence patterns and processes that in turn influence biodiversity. The majority of studies have focused on the consequences of dispersal variation in taxa inhabiting riverine systems whose dendritic nature and upstream/downstream gradients facilitate characterizing populations along networks. We undertook extensive, large-scale investigations of the impacts of hydrological connectivity on population genetic variation in two freshwater bryozoan species whose dispersive propagules (statoblasts) are either attached to surfaces (Fredericella sultana) or are released as buoyant stages (Cristatella mucedo) and that live primarily in either lotic (F. sultana) or lentic environments (C. mucedo). Describing population genetic structure in multiple sites characterized by varying degrees of hydrological connectivity within each of three (or four) UK regions enabled us to test the following hypotheses: (1) genetic diversity and gene flow will be more influenced by hydrological connectivity in populations of C. mucedo (because F. sultana dispersal stages are retained); (2) populations of F. sultana will be characterized by greater genetic divergence than those of C. mucedo (reflecting their relative dispersal capacities); and (3) genetic variation will be greatest in F. sultana (reflecting a propensity for genetic divergence as a result of its low dispersal potential). We found that hydrological connectivity enhanced genetic diversity and gene flow among C. mucedo populations but not in F. sultana while higher overall measures of clonal diversity and greater genetic divergence characterized populations of F. sultana. We suggest that genetic divergence over time within F. sultana populations reflects a general constraint of releasing propagules that might eventually be swept to sea when taxa inhabit running waters. In contrast, taxa that primarily inhabit lakes and ponds may colonize across hydrologically connected regions, establishing genetically related populations. Our study contributes more nuanced views about drivers of population genetic structures in passively dispersing freshwater invertebrates as outlined by the Monopolization Hypothesis (Acta Oecologica, 23, 2002, 121) by highlighting how a range of demographic and evolutionary processes reflect life-history attributes of benthic colonial invertebrates (bryozoans) and cyclically parthenogenetic zooplankton. In addition, growing evidence that genetic divergence may commonly characterize populations of diverse groups of riverine taxa suggests that organisms inhabiting lotic systems may be particularly challenged by environmental change. Such change may predispose riverine populations to extinction as a result of genetic divergence combined with limited dispersal and gene flow. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally-shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1tm8705.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine ModelsStation Biologique de RoscoffCNRS‐Sorbonne UniversityRoscoffFrance
| | - Ellen Pasternak
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Zoology DepartmentOxford UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Beth Okamura
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
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106
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Nevill PG, Robinson TP, Di Virgilio G, Wardell‐Johnson G. Beyond isolation by distance: What best explains functional connectivity among populations of three sympatric plant species in an ancient terrestrial island system? DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gerard Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Todd P. Robinson
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Giovanni Di Virgilio
- Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Grant Wardell‐Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
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107
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Hlaoui A, Boukhris-Bouhachem S, Sepúlveda DA, Correa MCG, Briones LM, Souissi R, Figueroa CC. Spatial and Temporal Genetic Diversity of the Peach Potato Aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in Tunisia. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100330. [PMID: 31581571 PMCID: PMC6835240 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is a worldwide pest of many crops, and the most important aphid pest of peach and potato crops in Tunisia, mainly due to virus transmission, for which insecticides are frequently applied. We studied the genetic structure of M. persicae populations in Tunisia, in order to further our understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors shaping populations and to predict their evolutionary responses to the present management practices. We monitored peach orchards and seed potato crops in different seasons and regions from 2011–2013 and in 2016 (19 populations), assessing the genetic diversity of M. persicae at six microsatellite loci. Temporal and spatial changes in the frequency and distribution of 397 genotypes in 548 sampled aphids were studied. Only 37 genotypes were found more than once (clonal amplification), as most genotypes were found only once (91.60% in peach; 88.73% in potato crops). A similarly high genetic diversity was observed in aphids sampled from peach (G/N = 0.76; Ho = 0.617) and potato (G/N = 0.70; Ho = 0.641). Only a weak genetic differentiation among populations was found, mainly between geographic locations. Clustering analysis revealed genotypes to be grouped mainly according to host plant. The availability of the primary host, high proportion of unique genotypes, high genetic diversity and lack of structuring suggest that the aphid reproduces mainly through cyclical parthenogenesis in Tunisia. On the other hand, we provide a farm-scale study that shows how easily M. persicae can colonize different areas and hosts, which may have important implications in relation to plant virus vectoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amen Hlaoui
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie INRAT, Rue Hédi Karray, Ariana 2049, Tunisia.
- Département Santé Végétale et Environnement, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie INAT, Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Cité Mahrajène Tunis 1082, Tunisia.
| | - Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie INRAT, Rue Hédi Karray, Ariana 2049, Tunisia.
| | - Daniela A Sepúlveda
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Margarita C G Correa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Lucía M Briones
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Rebha Souissi
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie INRAT, Rue Hédi Karray, Ariana 2049, Tunisia.
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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108
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Ayres-Ostrock LM, Valero M, Mauger S, Oliveira MC, Plastino EM, Guillemin ML, Destombe C. Dual influence of terrestrial and marine historical processes on the phylogeography of the Brazilian intertidal red alga Gracilaria caudata. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1096-1114. [PMID: 31206679 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored how past terrestrial and marine climate changes have interacted to shape the phylogeographic patterns of the intertidal red seaweed Gracilaria caudata, an economically important species exploited for agar production in the Brazilian north-east. Seven sites were sampled along the north-east tropical and south-east sub-tropical Brazilian coast. The genetic diversity and structure of G. caudata was inferred using a combination of mitochondrial (COI and cox2-3), chloroplast (rbcL) and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers. A remarkable congruence between nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast data revealed clear separation between the north-east (from 03° S to 08° S) and the south-east (from 20° S to 23° S) coast of Brazil. These two clades differ in their demographic histories, with signatures of recent demographic expansions in the north-east and divergent populations in the south-east, suggesting the maintenance of several refugia during the last glacial maximum due to sea-level rise and fall. The Bahia region (around 12° S) occupies an intermediate position between both clades. Microsatellites and mtDNA markers showed additional levels of genetic structure within each sampled site located south of Bahia. The separation between the two main groups in G. caudata is likely recent, probably occurring during the Quaternary glacial cycles. The genetic breaks are concordant with (i) those separating terrestrial refugia, (ii) major river outflows and (iii) frontiers between tropical and subtropical regions. Taken together with previously published eco-physiological studies that showed differences in the physiological performance of the strains from distinct locations, these results suggest that the divergent clades in G. caudata correspond to distinct ecotypes in the process of incipient speciation and thus should be considered for the management policy of this commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Ayres-Ostrock
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Myriam Valero
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela M Plastino
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christophe Destombe
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
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109
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Huang JC, Rustiati EL, Nusalawo M, Kingston T. Echolocation and roosting ecology determine sensitivity of forest‐dependent bats to coffee agriculture. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elly Lestari Rustiati
- Department of Biology College of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Lampung Lampung Indonesia
| | - Meyner Nusalawo
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Kota BogorJawa Barat Indonesia
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
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110
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Reynolds LK, Tiling KA, Digiantonio GB, Encomio VG, Morris LJ. Genetic diversity of Halodule wrightii is resistant to large scale dieback: a case study from the Indian River Lagoon. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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111
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Rubio-Meléndez ME, Barrios-SanMartin J, Pina-Castro FE, Figueroa CC, Ramirez CC. Asexual reproduction of a few genotypes favored the invasion of the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi in Chile. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7366. [PMID: 31388475 PMCID: PMC6662566 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are insects with one of the highest potentials for invasion. Several aphid species are present globally due to introduction events; they represent important pests of agroecosystems. The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) is a major pest of cereals and pasture grasses worldwide. Here, we report the genetic features of populations of R. padi that colonize different cereal crops in central Chile. Methods Rhopalosiphum padi individuals were collected in central Chile and genotyped at six microsatellite loci. The most frequent multilocus genotype (MLG) was then studied further to assess its reproductive performance across cereal hosts under laboratory conditions. Results Populations of R. padi in Chile are characterized by a low clonal diversity (G/N = 62/377 = 0.16) and the overrepresentation of a few widely distributed MLGs. One of the MLGs constituted roughly half of the sample and was observed in all sampled populations at high frequencies. Furthermore, this putative aphid “superclone” exhibited variations in its reproductive performance on cereals most commonly cultivated in Chile. The sampled populations also exhibited weak signs of genetic differentiation among hosts and localities. Our findings suggest that (1) obligate parthenogenesis is the primary reproductive mode of R. padi in Chile in the sampled range and (2) its introduction involved the arrival of a few genotypes that multiplied asexually.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Rubio-Meléndez
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile.,Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Joceline Barrios-SanMartin
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Felipe E Pina-Castro
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Claudio C Ramirez
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
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112
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Preston DL, Falke LP, Henderson JS, Novak M. Food-web interaction strength distributions are conserved by greater variation between than within predator-prey pairs. Ecology 2019; 100:e02816. [PMID: 31287561 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Species interactions in food webs are usually recognized as dynamic, varying across species, space, and time because of biotic and abiotic drivers. Yet food webs also show emergent properties that appear consistent, such as a skewed frequency distribution of interaction strengths (many weak, few strong). Reconciling these two properties requires an understanding of the variation in pairwise interaction strengths and its underlying mechanisms. We estimated stream sculpin feeding rates in three seasons at nine sites in Oregon to examine variation in trophic interaction strengths both across and within predator-prey pairs. Predator and prey densities, prey body mass, and abiotic factors were considered as putative drivers of within-pair variation over space and time. We hypothesized that consistently skewed interaction strength distributions could result if individual interaction strengths show relatively little variation, or alternatively, if interaction strengths vary but shift in ways that conserve their overall frequency distribution. Feeding rate distributions remained consistently and positively skewed across all sites and seasons. The mean coefficient of variation in feeding rates within each of 25 focal species pairs across surveys was less than half the mean coefficient of variation seen across species pairs within a survey. The rank order of feeding rates also remained conserved across streams, seasons and individual surveys. On average, feeding rates on each prey taxon nonetheless varied by a hundredfold, with some feeding rates showing more variation in space and others in time. In general, feeding rates increased with prey density and decreased with high stream flows and low water temperatures, although for nearly half of all species pairs, factors other than prey density explained the most variation. Our findings show that although individual interaction strengths exhibit considerable variation in space and time, they can nonetheless remain relatively consistent, and thus predictable, compared to the even larger variation that occurs across species pairs. These results highlight how the ecological scale of inference can strongly shape conclusions about interaction strength consistency and help reconcile how the skewed nature of interaction strength distributions can persist in highly dynamic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Preston
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Landon P Falke
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy S Henderson
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 305 North Canyon Boulevard, Canyon City, Oregon, 97820, USA
| | - Mark Novak
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97330, USA
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113
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Epstein G, Foggo A, Smale DA. Inconspicuous impacts: Widespread marine invader causes subtle but significant changes in native macroalgal assemblages. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Epstein
- The Laboratory Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Citadel Hill Plymouth PL1 2PB UK
- Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus European Way Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Andrew Foggo
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre University of Plymouth Drake Circus Plymouth PL4 8AA UK
| | - Dan A. Smale
- The Laboratory Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Citadel Hill Plymouth PL1 2PB UK
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114
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Mahon CL, Holloway GL, Bayne EM, Toms JD. Additive and interactive cumulative effects on boreal landbirds: winners and losers in a multi-stressor landscape. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01895. [PMID: 31121076 PMCID: PMC6852527 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stressors created by multiple resource industries can result in cumulative effects over time and space. Many studies have evaluated single stressors and assumed that cumulative effects can be understood by adding stressors together. However, there is growing evidence that interactive effects are important in structuring biological communities. We evaluated whether the effects of multiple stressors in the boreal forest (linear features, energy, forestry) combine additively or interactively by testing a candidate model set of 12 cumulative effects models of abundance for 27 landbird species. We fitted paired additive and interactive Generalized Additive Models and examined model predictions in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area of Alberta, Canada, and a theoretical no-disturbance version of the study area. Of the 27 species examined, an additive disturbance model was the best for nine species, while an interactive disturbance model was the best for 11 species. In the current study area, disturbance models predicted strong increases in abundance for species associated with deciduous forest and open habitats (winning species) and moderate decreases for species associated with conifer forest (losing species). We found a 15% change in landbird community composition between the current study area, with 8.4% disturbance, and the theoretical no-disturbance study area. Complex synergistic and antagonistic interactions among stressors were observed for 39% of landbird species, with the majority of interactions observed being synergistic. Stressors with relatively small disturbance areas, such as narrow linear disturbances, frequently interacted with other stressors to affect species' responses, and energy sector stressors often had additive or interactive effects with forestry stressors. Interactive cumulative effects from multiple sectors will make it increasingly difficult for industry and land managers to manage impacts unless interactions among stressors are incorporated into cumulative effects assessments and regional land use planning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lisa Mahon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada91780 Alaska HighwayWhitehorseYukonY1A 5X7Canada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaCW405 Biological Sciences BuildingEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2E9Canada
| | - Gillian L. Holloway
- Fiera Biological Consulting LimitedSuite 200, 10318‐82 AvenueEdmontonAlbertaT6E 1Z8Canada
| | - Erin M. Bayne
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaCW405 Biological Sciences BuildingEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2E9Canada
| | - Judith D. Toms
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaCW405 Biological Sciences BuildingEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2E9Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada9250‐49th StreetEdmontonAlbertaT6B 1K5Canada
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115
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Tucker CM, Aze T, Cadotte MW, Cantalapiedra JL, Chisholm C, Díaz S, Grenyer R, Huang D, Mazel F, Pearse WD, Pennell MW, Winter M, Mooers AO. Assessing the utility of conserving evolutionary history. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1740-1760. [PMID: 31149769 PMCID: PMC6852562 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is often claimed that conserving evolutionary history is more efficient than species‐based approaches for capturing the attributes of biodiversity that benefit people. This claim underpins academic analyses and recommendations about the distribution and prioritization of species and areas for conservation, but evolutionary history is rarely considered in practical conservation activities. One impediment to implementation is that arguments related to the human‐centric benefits of evolutionary history are often vague and the underlying mechanisms poorly explored. Herein we identify the arguments linking the prioritization of evolutionary history with benefits to people, and for each we explicate the purported mechanism, and evaluate its theoretical and empirical support. We find that, even after 25 years of academic research, the strength of evidence linking evolutionary history to human benefits is still fragile. Most – but not all – arguments rely on the assumption that evolutionary history is a useful surrogate for phenotypic diversity. This surrogacy relationship in turn underlies additional arguments, particularly that, by capturing more phenotypic diversity, evolutionary history will preserve greater ecosystem functioning, capture more of the natural variety that humans prefer, and allow the maintenance of future benefits to humans. A surrogate relationship between evolutionary history and phenotypic diversity appears reasonable given theoretical and empirical results, but the strength of this relationship varies greatly. To the extent that evolutionary history captures unmeasured phenotypic diversity, maximizing the representation of evolutionary history should capture variation in species characteristics that are otherwise unknown, supporting some of the existing arguments. However, there is great variation in the strength and availability of evidence for benefits associated with protecting phenotypic diversity. There are many studies finding positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, but little work exists on the maintenance of future benefits or the degree to which humans prefer sets of species with high phenotypic diversity or evolutionary history. Although several arguments link the protection of evolutionary history directly with the reduction of extinction rates, and with the production of relatively greater future biodiversity via increased adaptation or diversification, there are few direct tests. Several of these putative benefits have mismatches between the relevant spatial scales for conservation actions and the spatial scales at which benefits to humans are realized. It will be important for future work to fill in some of these gaps through direct tests of the arguments we define here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Tucker
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB #3280 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, U.S.A.,Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR 5175), CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Tracy Aze
- School of Earth and Environment, Maths/Earth and Environment Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Juan L Cantalapiedra
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chelsea Chisholm
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Quartier UNIL-Sorge Batiment Biophore CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Richard Grenyer
- School of Geography and the Environment, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, U.K
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore
| | - Florent Mazel
- Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Botany, 2329 West Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, 2212 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - William D Pearse
- Department of Biology & Ecology Center, 5205 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, U.S.A
| | - Matthew W Pennell
- Biodiversity Research Centre, 2212 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne O Mooers
- Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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116
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Wang D, Liu D, Zhai Y, Zhang R, Shi X. Clonal Diversity and Genetic Differentiation of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) From Wheat and Barley in China. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1217-1226. [PMID: 30690533 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is a cosmopolitan insect pest on cereals. Many studies on life-history traits indicate that S. avenae clones from different areas have diverged on various host plants. However, direct genetic evidence for this phenomenon is rare. Thus, S. avenae clones were collected from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in four provinces (i.e., Hubei, Henan, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang) of China, and characterized using six microsatellite markers. In total, 92 multilocus genotypes were found from 302 individuals of S. avenae. Population Jiangsu was found to have relatively high levels of genotypic diversity among the four geographical populations. Substantial long-distance migration of S. avenae was found from Zhejiang to the other three provinces. Thus, relatively low genetic differentiation was found between these geographic populations. Barley clones of S. avenae showed higher gene diversity compared with wheat clones. The gene flow from barley to wheat clones appeared to be more likely than that in the reverse direction. Diversity indices and structure for S. avenae clones suggested highest level of genetic divergence between barley and wheat clones in Jiangsu among all sampling locations. Besides Jiangsu, pairwise FST values indicated moderate levels of genetic divergence between barley and wheat clones in Zhejiang. Thus, compared with geographical factors, plant factors could be relatively more important in promoting genetic differentiation in S. avenae. Our results provide insights into genetic differentiation of S. avenae on different plants, as well as a basis for exploring the molecular mechanism for its differentiation on plants and biotype development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingting Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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117
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Xu NN, Jiang K, Biswas SR, Tong X, Wang R, Chen XY. Clone Configuration and Spatial Genetic Structure of Two Halophila ovalis Populations With Contrasting Internode Lengths. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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118
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Yu S, Wu Y, Serrao EA, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Huang C, Cui L, Thorhaug A, Huang X. Fine-scale genetic structure and flowering output of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides undergoing disturbance. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5186-5195. [PMID: 31110671 PMCID: PMC6509391 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrass are under great stress in the tropical coast of Asia, where Enhalus acoroides is frequently the dominant species with a large food web. Here, we investigate the question of the fine-scale genetic structure of this ecologically important foundation species, subject to severe anthropogenic disturbance in China. The genetic structure will illuminate potential mechanisms for population dynamics and sustainability, which are critical for preservation of biodiversity and for decision-making in management and restoration. We evaluated the fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) and flowering output of E. acoroides, and indirectly estimated the relative importance of sexual versus asexual reproduction for population persistence using spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results reveal high clonal diversity for this species, as predicted from its high sexual reproduction output. The stronger Sp statistic at the ramet-level compared with genet-level indicates that clonality increases the SGS pattern for E. acoroides. Significant SGS at the genet-level may be explained by the aggregated dispersal of seed/pollen cohorts. The estimated gene dispersal variance suggests that dispersal mediated by sexual reproduction is more important than clonal growth in this study area. The ongoing anthropogenic disturbance will negatively affect the mating pattern and the SGS patterns in the future due to massive death of shoots, and less frequency of sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- Fourth Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeihaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Jingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Chi Huang
- Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Lijun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Anitra Thorhaug
- School of Forestry an Environmental StudiesYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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119
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Nakato GV, Fuentes Rojas JL, Verniere C, Blondin L, Coutinho T, Mahuku G, Wicker E. A new Multi Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis Scheme for epidemiological surveillance of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum, the plant pathogen causing bacterial wilt on banana and enset. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215090. [PMID: 30973888 PMCID: PMC6459536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) which causes Xanthomonas wilt (XW) on banana (Musa accuminata x balbisiana) and enset (Ensete ventricosum), is closely related to the species Xanthomonas vasicola that contains the pathovars vasculorum (Xvv) and holcicola (Xvh), respectively pathogenic to sugarcane and sorghum. Xvm is considered a monomorphic bacterium whose intra-pathovar diversity remains poorly understood. With the sudden emergence of Xvm within east and central Africa coupled with the unknown origin of one of the two sublineages suggested for Xvm, attention has shifted to adapting technologies that focus on identifying the origin and distribution of the genetic diversity within this pathogen. Although microbiological and conventional molecular diagnostics have been useful in pathogen identification. Recent advances have ushered in an era of genomic epidemiology that aids in characterizing monomorphic pathogens. To unravel the origin and pathways of the recent emergence of XW in Eastern and Central Africa, there was a need for a genotyping tool adapted for molecular epidemiology. Multi-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) is able to resolve the evolutionary patterns and invasion routes of a pathogen. In this study, we identified microsatellite loci from nine published Xvm genome sequences. Of the 36 detected microsatellite loci, 21 were selected for primer design and 19 determined to be highly typeable, specific, reproducible and polymorphic with two- to four- alleles per locus on a sub-collection. The 19 markers were multiplexed and applied to genotype 335 Xvm strains isolated from seven countries over several years. The microsatellite markers grouped the Xvm collection into three clusters; with two similar to the SNP-based sublineages 1 and 2 and a new cluster 3, revealing an unknown diversity in Ethiopia. Five of the 19 markers had alleles present in both Xvm and Xanthomonas vasicola pathovars holcicola and vasculorum, supporting the phylogenetic closeliness of these three pathovars. Thank to the public availability of the haplotypes on the MLVABank database, this highly reliable and polymorphic genotyping tool can be further used in a transnational surveillance network to monitor the spread and evolution of XW throughout Africa.. It will inform and guide management of Xvm both in banana-based and enset-based cropping systems. Due to the suitability of MLVA-19 markers for population genetic analyses, this genotyping tool will also be used in future microevolution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Valentine Nakato
- IITA, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics/Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Coutinho
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics/Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Emmanuel Wicker
- UMR IPME, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
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120
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Padullés Cubino J, Cavender‐Bares J, Hobbie SE, Hall SJ, Trammell TLE, Neill C, Avolio ML, Darling LE, Groffman PM. Contribution of non‐native plants to the phylogenetic homogenization of U.S. yard floras. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Padullés Cubino
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender‐Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Sharon J. Hall
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287‐4501 USA
| | - Tara L. E. Trammell
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | | | - Meghan L. Avolio
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
| | | | - Peter M. Groffman
- City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center New York New York 10031 USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA
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121
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Visser B, Meyer M, Park RF, Gilligan CA, Burgin LE, Hort MC, Hodson DP, Pretorius ZA. Microsatellite Analysis and Urediniospore Dispersal Simulations Support the Movement of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici from Southern Africa to Australia. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:133-144. [PMID: 30028232 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-18-0110-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Australian wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) population was shaped by the introduction of four exotic incursions into the country. It was previously hypothesized that at least two of these (races 326-1,2,3,5,6 and 194-1,2,3,5,6 first detected in 1969) had an African origin and moved across the Indian Ocean to Australia on high-altitude winds. We provide strong supportive evidence for this hypothesis by combining genetic analyses and complex atmospheric dispersion modeling. Genetic analysis of 29 Australian and South African P. graminis f. sp. tritici races using microsatellite markers confirmed the close genetic relationship between the South African and Australian populations, thereby confirming previously described phenotypic similarities. Lagrangian particle dispersion model simulations using finely resolved meteorological data showed that long distance dispersal events between southern Africa and Australia are indeed possible, albeit rare. Simulated urediniospore transmission events were most frequent from central South Africa (viable spore transmission on approximately 7% of all simulated release days) compared with other potential source regions in southern Africa. The study acts as a warning of possible future P. graminis f. sp. tritici dispersal events from southern Africa to Australia, which could include members of the Ug99 race group, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance on both continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botma Visser
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marcel Meyer
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Robert F Park
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christopher A Gilligan
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Laura E Burgin
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Matthew C Hort
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - David P Hodson
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; second and fourth authors: Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; third author: Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; fifth and sixth authors: Atmospheric Dispersion and Air Quality (ADAQ), Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK; and seventh author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Price EPF, Spyreas G, Matthews JW. Wetland compensation and its impacts on β-diversity. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01827. [PMID: 30403308 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic degradation of natural ecological communities can cause biodiversity loss in the form of biotic homogenization (i.e., reduced β-diversity). Biodiversity offsetting practices, such as compensatory wetland mitigation, may inadvertently cause biotic homogenization if they produce locally homogenous or regionally recurring communities. The fact that compensation wetlands often resemble degraded wetlands suggests that potential impacts to β-diversity are likely. Yet, it is unknown how high-quality, low-quality (degraded), and compensation wetlands compare in terms of β-diversity. We compared the β-diversity of high-quality, low-quality, and compensation wetlands at local and regional scales. β-diversity was quantified as the average distance to group centroids in multivariate space based on pairwise comparisons of community composition. The local spatial structure of β-diversity was assessed using species turnover across plots. Indicator species analysis was used to describe compositional differences potentially contributing to differences in β-diversity. Overall, the β-diversity of compensation sites did not differ from high-quality or low-quality natural wetlands. However, compensation wetlands had a high degree of internal turnover along the hydrological gradient, which culminated in homogenous zones in the wettest areas. Compared to high-quality wetlands, low-quality wetlands had significantly lower β-diversity at local scales, but significantly greater β-diversity at regional scales. Indicator species results showed that compensation wetlands were distinguished by low conservation value species typically found in old fields and waste areas. This analysis also indicated that the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea was indicative of low-quality and compensation wetlands. This species is likely contributing to differing patterns of β-diversity between high-quality and low-quality wetlands. These results indicate that conclusions regarding β-diversity depend on scale and scope of analysis. Particularly, the unique architecture of compensation wetlands makes conclusions regarding within-site β-diversity dependent on the observer's position along the hydrological gradient. Additionally, while we conclude that compensation wetlands are not contributing to biotic homogenization at the regional scale, these wetlands are distinct from both high-quality and low-quality wetlands in their composition and structure. Therefore, assessments of the overall success of wetland mitigation programs should acknowledge the reality of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P F Price
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Greg Spyreas
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Matthews
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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Bardin M, Leyronas C, Troulet C, Morris CE. Striking Similarities Between Botrytis cinerea From Non-agricultural and From Agricultural Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1820. [PMID: 30568671 PMCID: PMC6290265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into life history of microorganisms that cause plant diseases have been limited mostly to contexts where they are in interaction with plants, and with cropped or otherwise managed vegetation. Therefore, knowledge about the diversity of plant pathogens, about potential reservoirs of inoculum and about the processes that contribute to their survival and adaptation is limited to these contexts. The agro-centric perspective of plant pathogen life histories is incoherent with respect to the capacity of many of them to persist as saprophytes on various substrates. In this context we have investigated the ubiquity of the broad host range necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, outside of agricultural settings and have determined if the populations in these natural habitats can be distinguished phenotypically and phylogenetically from populations isolated from diseased crops. Over a period of 5 years, we isolated B. cinerea from 235 samples of various substrates collected in France including rainfall, snowpack, river, and lake water, epilithic biofilms in mountain streams, leaf litter and plant debris, rock surfaces, bird feathers and healthy wild plants from outside of agricultural fields. All substrates except rock surfaces harbored B. cinerea leading us to establish a collection of purified strains that were compared to B. cinerea from diseased tomato, grapes and various other crops in France. Phylogenetic comparisons of 321 strains from crop plants and 100 strains from environmental substrates based on sequences of 9 microsatellite markers revealed that strains from crops and the environment could not be distinguished. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of strains outside of agriculture was just as broad as within agriculture. In tests to determine the aggressiveness of strains on tomato stems, the mean disease severity caused by strains from environmental substrates was statistically identical to the severity of disease caused by strains from tomato, but was significantly greater than the severity caused by strains from grape or other crops. Our results suggest that highly diverse populations of this plant pathogen persist outside of agriculture in association with substrates other than plants and that this part of their life history is compatible with its capacity to maintain its potential as plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bardin
- Pathologie Végétale, INRA, Montfavet, France
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Yang N, Ma G, Chen K, Wu X. The Population Genetics of Alternaria tenuissima in Four Regions of China as Determined by Microsatellite Markers Obtained by Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2904. [PMID: 30559728 PMCID: PMC6287023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 32,284 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome of Alternaria tenuissima, a pathogenic fungus causing foliar disease in tomato, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. In total, 24,670 unigenes were annotated using five databases, including NCBI non-redundant protein, Swiss-Prot, euKaryotic Orthologous Groups, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and the Gene Ontology. A total of 1,140 simple sequence repeats were also identified for use as molecular markers. Sixteen of the simple sequence repeat loci were selected to study the population structure of A. tenuissima. A population genetic analysis of 191 A. tenuissima isolates, sampled from four geographic regions in China, indicated that A. tenuissima had a high level of genetic diversity, and that the selected simple sequence repeat markers could reliably capture the genetic variation. The null hypothesis of random mating was rejected for all four geographic regions in China. Isolation by distance was observed for the entire data set, but not within clusters, which is indicative of barriers to gene flow among geographic regions. The analyses of Bayesian and principal coordinates, however, did not separate four geographic regions into four separate genetic clusters. The different levels of historical migration rates suggest that isolation by distance did not represent a major biological obstacle to the spread of A. tenuissima. The potential epidemic spread of A. tenuissima in China may occur through the transport of plant products or other factors. The presented results provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the population genetics of A. tenuissima in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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125
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Usandizaga S, Camus C, Kappes JL, Guillemin ML, Buschmann AH. Nutrients, but not genetic diversity, affect Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) farming productivity and physiological responses. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:860-869. [PMID: 30222862 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In terrestrial plants, it is well known that genetic diversity can affect responses to abiotic and biotic stress and have important consequences on farming. However, very little is known about the interactive effects of genetic and environmental factors on seaweed crops. We conducted a field experiment on Gracilaria chilensis to determine the effect of heterozygosity and nutrient addition on two southern Chilean farms: Ancud and Chaica. In addition to growth rate and productivity, we measured photosynthetic responses, photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins), C:N ratio (C:N), and epiphytic load. Nutrient addition affected the growth rate, productivity, phycobilin, and C:N content, but not the epiphytic load. These results were independent of the heterozygosity of the strains used in the experiments. Interestingly, depending on the sampled sites, distinct photosynthetic responses (i.e., maximal quantum yield, Fv /Fm , and maximal electron transport rate, ETRmax ) to nutrient addition were observed. We propose that thallus selection over the past few decades may have led to ecological differentiation between G. chilensis from Chaica and Ancud. The lack of effect of heterozygosity on growth and physiological responses could be related to the species domestication history in which there is a limited range of genetic variation in farms. We suggest that the existing levels of heterozygosity among our thalli is not sufficient to detect any significant effect of genetic diversity on growth or productivity in Metri bay, our experimental site located close to the city of Puerto Montt, during summer under nitrogen limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Usandizaga
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Carolina Camus
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - José Luis Kappes
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Marie Laure Guillemin
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, UMI Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Alejandro H Buschmann
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
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126
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Quillévéré-Hamard A, Le Roy G, Moussart A, Baranger A, Andrivon D, Pilet-Nayel ML, Le May C. Genetic and Pathogenicity Diversity of Aphanomyces euteiches Populations From Pea-Growing Regions in France. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1673. [PMID: 30510559 PMCID: PMC6252352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen with a broad host-range on legumes that causes devastating root rot disease in many pea-growing countries and especially in France. Genetic resistance is a promising way to manage the disease since consistent QTL controlling partial resistance have been identified in near isogenic lines of pea. However, there are still no resistant pea varieties cultivated in France. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic diversity of A. euteiches populations from the major pea-growing regions in France. A collection of 205 isolates, from soil samples collected in infested pea fields located in five French regions, was established and genotyped using 20 SSR markers. Thirteen multilocus genotypes were found among the 205 isolates which displayed a low genotypic richness (ranged from 0 to 0.333). Two main clusters of isolates were identified using PCoA and STRUCTURE, including a predominant group comprising 88% of isolates and another group representing 12% of isolates mainly from the Bourgogne region. A subset of 34 isolates, representative of the fields sampled, was phenotyped for aggressiveness on a set of resistant and susceptible varieties of four legume hosts (pea, faba bean, vetch, alfalfa). Significant differences in disease severity were found among isolates and three groups of aggressiveness comprising 16, 17, and 2 isolates, respectively, were identified using HCA analysis. A higher diversity in pathogen aggressiveness was observed among isolates from Bourgogne, which included different legumes in its crop history. Little relationship was observed between genetic clusters and pathogenicity in the subset of 34 isolates, as expected using neutral markers. This study provides useful knowledge on the current state of low to moderate diversity among A. euteiches populations before resistant pea varieties are grown in France. New insights and hypotheses about the major factors shaping the diversity and evolution of A. euteiches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Quillévéré-Hamard
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia, Le Rheu, France
| | - Gwenola Le Roy
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia, Le Rheu, France
| | - Anne Moussart
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia, Le Rheu, France
- Terres Inovia, Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Alain Baranger
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia, Le Rheu, France
| | - Didier Andrivon
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia, Le Rheu, France
| | - Christophe Le May
- UMT PISOM INRA/Terres Inovia, Le Rheu, France
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université de Rennes 1, Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
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127
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Evans BS, Reitsma R, Hurlbert AH, Marra PP. Environmental filtering of avian communities along a rural‐to‐urban gradient in Greater Washington, D.C.,
USA. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Evans
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center National Zoological Park MRC 5503 Washington D.C. 20013 USA
- Biology Department University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27559 USA
| | - Robert Reitsma
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center National Zoological Park MRC 5503 Washington D.C. 20013 USA
| | - Allen H. Hurlbert
- Biology Department University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27559 USA
| | - Peter P. Marra
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center National Zoological Park MRC 5503 Washington D.C. 20013 USA
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128
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Arima K, Kyogoku D, Nakahama N, Suetsugu K, Ohtani M, Ishii C, Terauchi H, Terauchi Y, Isagi Y. Mating pattern of a distylous primrose in a natural population: unilateral outcrossing and asymmetric selfing between sexual morphs. Evol Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-018-9965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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129
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Belinchón R, Ellis CJ, Yahr R. Climate-woodland effects on population genetics for two congeneric lichens with contrasting reproductive strategies. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5069390. [PMID: 30107505 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is expected to be influenced by the interaction between reproductive mode and dispersal traits on the one hand and environmental and habitat setting affecting establishment success on the other. We evaluated how environmental/habitat setting affects population genetic variation (i.e. variation in genetic diversity and structure) when regulated by contrasting dispersal traits. We used fungus-specific microsatellite markers to examine genetic diversity and structure of two closely related epiphytic lichen fungi that differ in their primary reproductive mode: Nephroma laevigatum (sexually reproducing, n = 191, 10 microsatellites) and N. parile (asexually reproducing, n = 182, 12 microsatellites), along a steep climatic gradient in Scotland. Despite their reproductive differences, we found a high proportion of clones in both species and a background pattern of genetic structure related to climatic gradients. We also demonstrated that woodland connectivity, rather than geographic distance, explained genetic diversity in both species. Environmental/habitat setting, modulated by the reproductive mode of the species, affects genetic diversity and structure, but the putative dissimilarity in their reproductive mode is less important than has been previously assumed. We reinforce the importance of protecting highly connected populations, positioned along a gradient capturing the segregation of gene pool differences in response to climatic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Belinchón
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EH3 5LR, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Yahr
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EH3 5LR, Edinburgh, UK
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130
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From depth to regional spatial genetic differentiation of Eunicella cavolini in the NW Mediterranean. C R Biol 2018; 341:421-432. [PMID: 30318420 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Connectivity studies in the marine realm are of great importance to understand the evolutionary potential of populations in a context of growing pressures on the marine environment. Here, we investigated the effect of the local, regional, and depth spatial scale on the population genetic structure of the yellow gorgonian Eunicella cavolini, one of the most common octocoral species of the Mediterranean hard-bottom communities. This species, along with other sessile metazoans typical of coralligenous ecosystems, plays an important role in supporting biodiversity, but is also impacted by direct and indirect consequences of human activities, such as physical destruction or mortality events due to thermal anomalies. Samples were taken from 15 sites located in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) in two adjacent regions 100 kilometres apart, i.e. from the areas of Marseille (France) and Portofino (Genoa, Italy), and were analysed using six microsatellite loci. A pattern of isolation by distance was observed at the regional as well as the local scales. Although E. cavolini showed less genetic structure than other Mediterranean octocorallian species, we observed a significant genetic differentiation between populations a few kilometres apart. A low genetic differentiation was also observed between shallow and deep populations. The occurrence of genetically differentiated populations of E. cavolini at the scale of kilometres has important consequences for the management of this species and of the associated communities.
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131
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Gadissa F, Tesfaye K, Dagne K, Geleta M. Genetic diversity and population structure analyses of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew collections from diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia using newly developed EST-SSRs marker system. BMC Genet 2018; 19:92. [PMID: 30309314 PMCID: PMC6182789 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew (locally known as Ethiopian dinich or Ethiopian potato) is one of the most economically important edible tuber crops indigenous to Ethiopia. Evaluating the extent of genetic diversity within and among populations is one of the first and most important steps in breeding and conservation measures. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity and population structure of this crop using collections from diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. RESULTS Twenty polymorphic expressed sequence tag based simple sequence repeat (EST-SSRs) markers were developed for P. edulis based on EST sequences of P. barbatus deposited in the GenBank. These markers were used for genetic diversity analyses of 287 individual plants representing 12 populations, and a total of 128 alleles were identified across the entire loci and populations. Different parameters were used to estimate the genetic diversity within populations; and gene diversity index (GD) ranged from 0.31 to 0.39 with overall mean of 0.35. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed significant but low population differentiation with only 3% of the total variation accounted for variation among populations. Likewise, cluster and STRUCTURE analyses did not group the populations into sharply distinct clusters, which could be attributed to historical and contemporary gene flow and the reproductive biology of the crop. CONCLUSIONS These newly developed EST-SSR markers are highly polymorphic within P. edulis and hence are valuable genetic tools that can be used to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity and population structure of not only P. edulis but also various other species within the Lamiaceae family. Among the 12 populations studied, populations collected from Wenbera, Awi and Wolaita showed a higher genetic diversity as compared to other populations, and hence these areas can be considered as hot spots for in-situ conservation as well as for identification of genotypes that can be used in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Gadissa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biology, Madda Walabu University, Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Ministry of Science and Technology, Box 32853, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kifle Dagne
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
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132
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Spatial genetic structure of an endangered orchid Cypripedium calceolus (Orchidaceae) at a regional scale: limited gene flow in a fragmented landscape. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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133
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Traboni C, Mammola SD, Ruocco M, Ontoria Y, Ruiz JM, Procaccini G, Marín-Guirao L. Investigating cellular stress response to heat stress in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in a global change scenario. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:12-23. [PMID: 30077343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica meadows are facing global threats mainly due to episodic heat waves. In a mesocosm experiment, we aimed at disentangling the molecular response of P. oceanica under increasing temperature (20 °C-32 °C). The experiment was carried out in spring, when heat waves can potentially occur and plants are putatively more sensitive to heat stress, since they are deprived in carbohydrates reserves after the cold winter months. We aimed to identify the activation of different phases of the cellular stress response (CSR) reaction and the responsive genes activated or repressed in heated plants. A molecular traffic light was proposed as a response model including green (protein folding and membrane protection), yellow (ubiquitination and proteolysis) and red (DNA repair and apoptosis) categories. Additionally, we estimated phenological trait variations to complement the information obtained from the molecular proxies of stress. Despite reduced leaf growth rate, heated plants did not exhibit signs of irreversible damage, probably underlying species pre-adaptation to warm and fluctuating regimes. Gene expression analyses revealed that molecular chaperoning, DNA repair and apoptosis inhibition processes related genes were the ones that mostly responded to high thermal stress and will be target of further investigation and in situ proofing for assessing their use as indicators of P. oceanica performance under sub-lethal heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Traboni
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Davide Mammola
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy; Università Politecnica della Marche, Piazza Roma 22, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Miriam Ruocco
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Yaiza Ontoria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/Varadero, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lazaro Marín-Guirao
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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134
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Marín-Guirao L, Bernardeau-Esteller J, García-Muñoz R, Ramos A, Ontoria Y, Romero J, Pérez M, Ruiz JM, Procaccini G. Carbon economy of Mediterranean seagrasses in response to thermal stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:617-629. [PMID: 30301080 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased plant mortality in temperate seagrass populations has been recently observed after summer heatwaves, although the underlying causes of plant death are yet unknown. The potential energetic constrains resulting from anomalous thermal events could be the reason that triggered seagrass mortality, as demonstrated for benthic invertebrates. To test this hypothesis, the carbon balance of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa plants from contrasting thermal environments was investigated during a simulated heatwave, by analyzing their photosynthetic performance, carbon balance (ratio photosynthesis:respiration), carbohydrates content, growth and mortality. Both species were able to overcome and recover from the thermal stress produced by the six-week exposure to temperatures 4 °C above mean summer levels, albeit plants from cold waters were more sensitive to warming than plants from warm waters as reflected by their inability to maintain their P:R ratio unaltered. The strategies through which plants tend to preserve their energetic status varied depending on the biology of the species and the thermal origin of plants. These included respiratory homeostasis (P. oceanica warm-plants), carbon diversion from growth to respiration (C. nodosa cold-plants) or storage (P. oceanica warm-plants) and changes in biomass allocation (C. nodosa warm-plants). Findings suggest an important geographic heterogeneity in the overall response of Mediterranean seagrasses to warming with potential negative impacts on the functions and services offered by seagrass meadows including among others their capacity for carbon sequestration and carbon export to adjacent ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marín-Guirao
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - J Bernardeau-Esteller
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - R García-Muñoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ramos
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Y Ontoria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Romero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Procaccini
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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135
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Leyronas C, Morris CE, Choufany M, Soubeyrand S. Assessing the Aerial Interconnectivity of Distant Reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2257. [PMID: 30337908 PMCID: PMC6178138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many phytopathogenic fungi are disseminated as spores via the atmosphere from short to long distances. The distance of dissemination determines the extent to which plant diseases can spread and novel genotypes of pathogens can invade new territories. Predictive tools including models that forecast the arrival of spores in areas where susceptible crops are grown can help to more efficiently manage crop health. However, such models are difficult to establish for fungi with broad host ranges because sources of inoculum cannot be readily identified. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the pandemic agent of white mold disease, can attack >400 plant species including economically important crops. Monitoring airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum in several French cropping areas has shown that viable ascospores are present in the air almost all the time, even when no susceptible crops are nearby. This raises the hypothesis of a distant origin of airborne inoculum. The objective of the present study was to determine the interconnectivity of reservoirs of S. sclerotiorum from distant regions based on networks of air mass movement. Viable airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum was collected in four distinct regions of France and 498 strains were genotyped with 16 specific microsatellite markers and compared among the regions. Air mass movements were inferred using the HYSPLIT model and archived meteorological data from the global data assimilation system (GDAS). The results show that up to 700 km could separate collection sites that shared the same haplotypes. There was low or no genetic differentiation between strains collected from the four sites. The rate of aerial connectivity between two sites varied according to the direction considered. The results also show that the aerial connectivity between sites is a better indicator of the probability of the incoming component (PIC) of inoculum at a given site from another one than is geographic distance. We identified the links between specific sites in the trajectories of air masses and we quantified the frequencies at which the directional links occurred as a proof-of-concept for an operational method to assess the arrival of airborne inoculum in a given area from distant origins.
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136
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Bijak AL, van Dijk KJ, Waycott M. Population structure and gene flow of the tropical seagrass, Syringodium filiforme, in the Florida Keys and subtropical Atlantic region. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203644. [PMID: 30183774 PMCID: PMC6124813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating genetic diversity of seagrasses provides insight into reproductive mode and adaptation potential, and is therefore integral to broader conservation strategies for coastal ecosystems. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow in an opportunistic seagrass, Syringodium filiforme, in the Florida Keys and subtropical Atlantic region. We used microsatellite markers to analyze 20 populations throughout the Florida Keys, South Florida, Bermuda and the Bahamas primarily to understand how genetic diversity of S. filiforme partitions across the Florida Keys archipelago. We found low allelic diversity within populations, detecting 35–106 alleles across all populations, and in some instances moderately high clonal diversity (R = 0.04–0.62). There was significant genetic differentiation between Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) populations (FST = 0.109 ± 0.027, p-value = 0.001) and evidence of population structure based on cluster assignment, dividing the region into two major genetic demes. We observed asymmetric patterns in gene flow, with a few instances in which there was higher than expected gene flow from Atlantic to Gulf populations. In South Florida, clustering into Gulf and Atlantic groups indicate dispersal in S. filiforme may be limited by historical or contemporary geographic and hydrologic barriers, though genetic admixture between populations suggests exchange may occur between narrow channels in the Florida Keys, or has occurred through other mechanisms in recent evolutionary history, maintaining regional connectivity. The variable genotypic diversity, low genetic diversity and evidence of population structure observed in populations of S. filiforme resemble the population genetics expected for a colonizer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Bijak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kor-jent van Dijk
- School of Biological Sciences, Environment Institute, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Biological Sciences, Environment Institute, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ruiz JM, Marín-Guirao L, García-Muñoz R, Ramos-Segura A, Bernardeau-Esteller J, Pérez M, Sanmartí N, Ontoria Y, Romero J, Arthur R, Alcoverro T, Procaccini G. Experimental evidence of warming-induced flowering in the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 134:49-54. [PMID: 29102072 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in predominantly clonal marine plants increases recombination favoring adaptation and enhancing species resilience to environmental change. Recent studies of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica suggest that flowering intensity and frequency are correlated with warming events associated with global climate change, but these studies have been observational without direct experimental support. We used controlled experiments to test if warming can effectively trigger flowering in P. oceanica. A six-week heat wave was simulated under laboratory mesocosm conditions. Heating negatively impacted leaf growth rates, but by the end of the experiment most of the heated plants flowered, while controls plants did not. Heated and control plants were not genetically distinct and flowering intensity was significantly correlated with allelic richness and heterozygosity. This is an unprecedented finding, showing that the response of seagrasses to warming will be more plastic, more complex and potentially more resilient than previously imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Marín-Guirao
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - R García-Muñoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ramos-Segura
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Bernardeau-Esteller
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Sanmartí
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Ontoria
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Romero
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Arthur
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes 17300, Spain; Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, India
| | - T Alcoverro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes 17300, Spain; Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, India
| | - G Procaccini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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138
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Lee S, Kim B, Kim Y. Genetic diagnosis of a rare myrmecochorous species, Plagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae): Historical genetic bottlenecks and strong spatial structures among populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8791-8802. [PMID: 30271546 PMCID: PMC6157670 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distribution of genetic variation over time and space is relevant to demographic histories and tightly linked to ecological disturbances as well as evolutionary potential of an organism. Therefore, understanding the pattern of genetic diversity is a primary step in conservation and management projects for rare and threatened plant species. We used eight microsatellite markers to examine the level of genetic diversity, spatial structure, and demographic history of Plagiorhegma dubium, a rare myrmecochorous herb, populations sampled across northeast Asia and Siberia. We found low within-population genetic variation associated with historical bottlenecks. Although pairwise F ST values were not much higher than the ones found in similar life form species, STRUCTURE and PCoA revealed a clear broadscale spatial pattern of genetic structure. Bayesian clustering (best K = 6) and PCoA identified three populations that are distinctive from neighboring populations in the Korean peninsula, which suggests potential units for conservation and management plans in Korea. MIGRATE-N and BAYESASS showed that both contemporary (0.003-0.045) and historical migration rates (2 × e-5-4.6 × e-4) were low. Our findings provide a good example, where genetic considerations should be integrated for conservation and management plans of rare and threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo‐Rang Lee
- Multidisciplinary Genome InstituteHallym UniversityChuncheon‐siKorea
| | - Bo‐Yun Kim
- Multidisciplinary Genome InstituteHallym UniversityChuncheon‐siKorea
| | - Young‐Dong Kim
- Department of Life SciencesHallym UniversityChuncheon‐siKorea
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139
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van Dijk K, Bricker E, van Tussenbroek BI, Waycott M. Range-wide population genetic structure of the Caribbean marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9478-9490. [PMID: 30377516 PMCID: PMC6194253 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine species have widespread geographic ranges derived from their evolutionary and ecological history particularly their modes of dispersal. Seagrass (marine angiosperm) species have ranges that are unusually widespread, which is not unexpected following recent reviews of reproductive strategies demonstrating the potential for long-distance dispersal combined with longevity through clonality. An exemplar of these dual biological features is turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) which is an ecologically important species throughout the tropical Atlantic region. Turtle grass has been documented to have long-distance dispersal via floating fruits and also extreme clonality and longevity. We hypothesize that across its range, Thalassia testudinum will have very limited regional population structure due to these characteristics and under typical models of population structure would expect to detect high levels of genetic connectivity. There are very few studies of range-wide genetic connectivity documented for seagrasses or other sessile marine species. This study presents a population genetic dataset that represents a geographic area exceeding 14,000 km2. Population genetic diversity was evaluated from 32 Thalassia testudinum populations sampled across the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Genotypes were based on nine microsatellites, and haplotypes were based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Very limited phylogeographic signal from cpDNA reduced the potential comparative analyses possible. Multiple analytical clustering approaches on population genetic data revealed two significant genetic partitions: (a) the Caribbean and (b) the Gulf of Mexico. Genetic diversity was high (H E = 0.641), and isolation by distance was significant; gene flow and migration estimates across the entire range were however modest, we suggest that the frequency of successful recruitment across the range is uncommon. Thalassia testudinum maintains genetic diversity across its entire distribution range. The genetic split may be explained by genetic drift during recolonization from refugia following relatively recent reduction in available habitat such as the last glacial maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kor‐jent van Dijk
- School of Biological SciencesEnvironment InstituteAustralian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and BiodiversityThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Unidad Académica Puerto MorelosInstituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)CancúnMéxico
| | - Eric Bricker
- Department of Environmental SciencesThe University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek
- Unidad Académica Puerto MorelosInstituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)CancúnMéxico
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Biological SciencesEnvironment InstituteAustralian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and BiodiversityThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department for Environment and WaterState Herbarium of South AustraliaBotanic Gardens and State HerbariumAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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140
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Gravley MC, Sage GK, Talbot SL, Carlson ML. Development and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the sea sandwort, Honckenya peploides. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:879-885. [PMID: 29687245 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Codominant marker systems are better suited to analyze population structure and assess the source of an individual in admixture analyses. Currently, there is no codominant marker system using microsatellites developed for the sea sandwort, Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh., an early colonizer in island systems. We developed and characterized novel microsatellite loci from H. peploides, using reads collected from whole genome shotgun sequencing on a 454 platform. The combined output from two shotgun runs yielded a total of 62,669 reads, from which 58 loci were screened. We identified 12 polymorphic loci that amplified reliably and exhibited disomic inheritance. Microsatellite data were collected and characterized for the 12 polymorphic loci in two Alaskan populations of H. peploides: Fossil Beach, Kodiak Island (n = 32) and Egg Bay, Atka Island (n = 29). The Atka population exhibited a slightly higher average number of alleles (3.9) and observed heterozygosity (0.483) than the Kodiak population (3.3 and 0.347, respectively). The overall probability of identity values for both populations was PID = 2.892e-6 and PIDsib = 3.361e-3. We also screened the 12 polymorphic loci in Wilhelmsia physodes (Fisch. ex Ser.) McNeill, the most closely related species to H. peploides, and only one locus was polymorphic. These microsatellite markers will allow future investigations into population genetic and colonization patterns of the beach dune ruderal H. peploides on new and recently disturbed islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg C Gravley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
| | - George K Sage
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Sandra L Talbot
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Matthew L Carlson
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Center for Conservation Science, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
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141
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Zayasu Y, Suzuki G. Comparisons of population density and genetic diversity in artificial and wild populations of an arborescent coral, Acropora yongei
: implications for the efficacy of “artificial spawning hotspots”. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zayasu
- Marine Genomics Unit; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University; 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0405 Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Research Center for Subtropical Fisheries; Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute; Fukai-Ohta, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907-0451 Japan
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142
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Hamadeh B, Chalak L, Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge G, Benoit L, Joly HI. Evolution of almond genetic diversity and farmer practices in Lebanon: impacts of the diffusion of a graft-propagated cultivar in a traditional system based on seed-propagation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:155. [PMID: 30081821 PMCID: PMC6080396 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under cultivation, many outcrossing fruit tree species have switched from sexual reproduction to vegetative propagation. Traditional production systems have persisted, where cultivar propagation is based on a mixed reproductive system. For millenia, almond, Prunus dulcis, has been propagated by seeds. Almond grafting remained of little importance until recently. In Lebanon, both sexual and clonal reproductions are used for almond propagation. We used 15 microsatellite markers to investigate the effect of introducing graft-propagated cultivars and associated practices, on the structure of the genetic diversity among and within the two main Lebanese cultivars. RESULTS As expected, the sexually propagated cultivar Khachabi exhibited more genotypic and genetic diversity than the vegetatively propagated cultivar Halwani. It also exhibited lower differentiation among populations. The distribution of clones showed that propagation modes were not exclusive: farmers have introduced clonal propagation in the seed-propagated cultivar while they have maintained a diversity of genotypes within populations that were mostly graft-propagated. These practices are also important to avoid mate limitations that hamper fruit production in a self-incompatible species. 'Khachabi' is structured into two gene pools separated by the Lebanese mountains. As to 'Halwani', two different gene pools were introduced. The most ancient one shares the same geographic range as 'Khachabi'; longtime coexistence and sexual reproduction have resulted in admixture with 'Khachabi'. In contrast, the more recent introduction of the second gene pool in the Bekaa region followed an evolution towards more extensive clonal propagation of 'Halwani' limiting hybridizations. Furthermore, some pairs of geographically distant 'Halwani' orchards, exhibited low genetic distances, suggesting that a network of exchanges between farmers was effective on a large scale and/or that farmers brought clonal plant material from a common source. CONCLUSIONS Almond diversification in Lebanon is clearly related to the evolution of propagation practices adapted to self-incompatible cultivars. The comparison between both cultivars demonstrated the genetic effects of the introduction of a new cultivar and the associated grafting propagation practices. Our study provided information to develop a strategy for in situ conservation of cultivars and to limit gene flow from introduced material to ancient orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa Hamadeh
- Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon
- Université Montpellier 2, UMR CEFE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Dynamiques de la Diversité, Sociétés et Environnements (DDSE), TA A-61/03 Avenue Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Lamis Chalak
- Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Dynamiques de la Diversité, Sociétés et Environnements (DDSE), TA A-61/03 Avenue Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Laure Benoit
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- CBGP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène I. Joly
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Dynamiques de la Diversité, Sociétés et Environnements (DDSE), TA A-61/03 Avenue Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Abbate JL, Gladieux P, Hood ME, de Vienne DM, Antonovics J, Snirc A, Giraud T. Co-occurrence among three divergent plant-castrating fungi in the same Silene host species. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:10.1111/mec.14805. [PMID: 30030861 PMCID: PMC6340787 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The competitive exclusion principle postulates that different species can only coexist in sympatry if they occupy distinct ecological niches. The goal of this study was to understand the geographical distribution of three species of Microbotryum anther-smut fungi that are distantly related but infect the same host plants, the sister species Silene vulgaris and S. uniflora, in Western Europe. We used microsatellite markers to investigate pathogen distribution in relation to host specialization and ecological factors. Microbotryum violaceo-irregulare was only found on S. vulgaris at high elevations in the Alps. Microbotryum lagerheimii could be subdivided into two genetically differentiated clusters, one on S. uniflora in the UK and the second on S. vulgaris in the Alps and Pyrenees. The most abundant pathogen species, M. silenes-inflatae, could be subdivided into four genetic clusters, co-occurring in the Alps, the UK and the Pyrenees, and was found on both S. vulgaris and S. uniflora. All three fungal species had high levels of homozygosity, in agreement with the selfing mating system generally observed in anther-smut fungi. The three pathogen species and genetic clusters had large range overlaps, but occurred at sites with different elevations, temperatures and precipitation levels. The three Microbotryum species thus do not appear to be maintained by host specialization or geographic allopatry, but instead may occupy different ecological niches in terms of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Abbate
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD 224, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34394 Montpellier, France
- UMR UMMISCO, IRD 209, UPMC, F-93143 Bondy, France
| | - Pierre Gladieux
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, F-91400 France
- INRA, UMR BGPI, Bâtiment K; Campus International de Baillarguet, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael E. Hood
- Biology Department, McGuire Life Sciences Building, Amherst College, Rts 9 & 116, Amherst, MA USA 01002-5000
| | - Damien M. de Vienne
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, F-91400 France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5558, Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Janis Antonovics
- University of Virginia, Dept. of Biology, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Alodie Snirc
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, F-91400 France
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, F-91400 France
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Richardson LE, Graham NAJ, Pratchett MS, Eurich JG, Hoey AS. Mass coral bleaching causes biotic homogenization of reef fish assemblages. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3117-3129. [PMID: 29633512 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is altering community composition across many ecosystems due to nonrandom species turnover, typically characterized by the loss of specialist species and increasing similarity of biological communities across spatial scales. As anthropogenic disturbances continue to alter species composition globally, there is a growing need to identify how species responses influence the establishment of distinct assemblages, such that management actions may be appropriately assigned. Here, we use trait-based analyses to compare temporal changes in five complementary indices of reef fish assemblage structure among six taxonomically distinct coral reef habitats exposed to a system-wide thermal stress event. Our results revealed increased taxonomic and functional similarity of previously distinct reef fish assemblages following mass coral bleaching, with changes characterized by subtle, but significant, shifts toward predominance of small-bodied, algal-farming habitat generalists. Furthermore, while the taxonomic or functional richness of fish assemblages did not change across all habitats, an increase in functional originality indicated an overall loss of functional redundancy. We also found that prebleaching coral composition better predicted changes in fish assemblage structure than the magnitude of coral loss. These results emphasize how measures of alpha diversity can mask important changes in the structure and functioning of ecosystems as assemblages reorganize. Our findings also highlight the role of coral species composition in structuring communities and influencing the diversity of responses of reef fishes to disturbance. As new coral species configurations emerge, their desirability will hinge upon the composition of associated species and their capacity to maintain key ecological processes in spite of ongoing disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Richardson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Morgan S Pratchett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Jacob G Eurich
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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145
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Connolly RM, Smith TM, Maxwell PS, Olds AD, Macreadie PI, Sherman CDH. Highly Disturbed Populations of Seagrass Show Increased Resilience but Lower Genotypic Diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:894. [PMID: 30008728 PMCID: PMC6034141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The response of seagrass systems to a severe disturbance provides an opportunity to quantify the degree of resilience in different meadows, and subsequently to test whether there is a genetic basis to resilience. We used existing data on levels of long-standing disturbance from poor water quality, and the responses of seagrass (Zostera muelleri) after an extreme flood event in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Sites were grouped into high and low disturbance categories, in which seagrass showed high and low resilience, respectively, as determined by measuring rates of key feedback processes (nutrient removal, suppression of sediment resuspension, and algal grazing), and physiological and morphological traits. Theoretically, meadows with higher genotypic diversity would be expected to have greater resilience. However, because the more resilient meadows occur in areas historically exposed to high disturbance, the alternative is also possible, that selection will have resulted in a narrower, less diverse subset of genotypes than in less disturbed meadows. Levels of genotypic and genetic diversity (allelic richness) based on 11 microsatellite loci, were positively related (R2 = 0.58). Genotypic diversity was significantly lower at highly disturbed sites (R = 0.49) than at less disturbed sites (R = 0.61). Genotypic diversity also showed a negative trend with two morphological characteristics known to confer resilience on seagrass in Moreton Bay, leaf chlorophyll concentrations and seagrass biomass. Genetic diversity did not differ between disturbed and undisturbed sites. We postulate that the explanation for these results is historical selection for genotypes that confer protection against disturbance, reducing diversity in meadows that contemporarily show greater resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod M. Connolly
- Australian Rivers Institute – Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy M. Smith
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S. Maxwell
- Australian Rivers Institute – Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Healthy Land and Water, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Olds
- Australian Rivers Institute – Coast and Estuaries, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter I. Macreadie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig D. H. Sherman
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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146
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Jahnke M, D'Esposito D, Orrù L, Lamontanara A, Dattolo E, Badalamenti F, Mazzuca S, Procaccini G, Orsini L. Adaptive responses along a depth and a latitudinal gradient in the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:233-243. [PMID: 29955171 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrass meadows provide important ecosystem services and are critical for the survival of the associated invertebrate community. However, they are threatened worldwide by human-driven environmental change. Understanding the seagrasses' potential for adaptation is critical to assess not only their ability to persist under future global change scenarios, but also to assess the persistence of the associated communities. Here we screened a wild population of Posidonia oceanica, an endemic long-lived seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea, for genes that may be target of environmental selection, using an outlier and a genome-wide transcriptome analysis. We identified loci where polymorphism or differential expression was associated with either a latitudinal or a bathymetric gradient, as well as with both gradients in an effort to identify loci associated with temperature and light. We found the candidate genes underlying growth and immunity to be divergent between populations adapted to different latitudes and/or depths, providing evidence for local adaptation. Furthermore, we found evidence of reduced gene flow among populations including adjacent populations. Reduced gene flow, combined with low sexual recombination, small effective population size, and long generation time of P. oceanica raises concerns for the long-term persistence of this species, especially in the face of rapid environmental change driven by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Jahnke
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Esposito
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Orrù
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per la genomica vegetale, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Antonella Lamontanara
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per la genomica vegetale, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Badalamenti
- CNR-IAMC, Via G. Da Verrazzano 17, 91014, Castellammare del Golfo, TP, Italy
| | - Silvia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luisa Orsini
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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147
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Brocklehurst N, Day MO, Fröbisch J. Accounting for differences in species frequency distributions when calculating beta diversity in the fossil record. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Brocklehurst
- Leibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und BiodiversitätsforschungMuseum für Naturkunde Berlin Germany
| | - Michael O. Day
- Evolutionary Studies Institute & School of GeosciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Earth SciencesThe Natural History Museum (NHMUK) London UK
| | - Jörg Fröbisch
- Leibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und BiodiversitätsforschungMuseum für Naturkunde Berlin Germany
- Evolutionary Studies Institute & School of GeosciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- Institut für BiologieHumboldt‐Universitätzu Berlin Berlin Germany
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148
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Fulakeza JRM, Banda RL, Lipenga TR, Terlouw DJ, Nkhoma SC, Hodel EM. Comparison of Two Genotyping Methods for Distinguishing Recrudescence from Reinfection in Antimalarial Drug Efficacy/Effectiveness Trials. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:84-86. [PMID: 29785925 PMCID: PMC6085787 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotyping of allelic variants of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (msp-1 and msp-2), and the glutamate-rich protein is the gold standard for distinguishing reinfections from recrudescences in antimalarial drug trials. We compared performance of the recently developed 24-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Barcoding Assay against msp-1 and msp-2 genotyping in a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in Malawi. Rates of recrudescence and reinfection estimated by the two methods did not differ significantly (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.887 and P = 0.768, respectively). There was a strong agreement between the two methods in predicting treatment outcomes and resolving the genetic complexity of malaria infections in this setting. These results support the use of this SNP assay as an alternative method for correcting antimalarial efficacy/effectiveness data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel L Banda
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Trancizeo R Lipenga
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Dianne J Terlouw
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Standwell C Nkhoma
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Maria Hodel
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
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149
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Koch RA, Aime MC. Population structure of
Guyanagaster necrorhizus
supports termite dispersal for this enigmatic fungus. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2667-2679. [PMID: 29729049 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Koch
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
| | - M. Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
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150
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Davitt G, Maute K, Major RE, McDonald PG, Maron M. Short-term response of a declining woodland bird assemblage to the removal of a despotic competitor. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4771-4780. [PMID: 29876056 PMCID: PMC5980597 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific aggression by the noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala), a highly despotic species, is homogenizing woodland avifaunas across eastern Australia. Although a native species, the noisy miner's aggressive exclusion of small birds is a Key Threatening Process under national law. Large-scale removal of noisy miners has been proposed as a management response to this threat following increases in miner presence due to anthropogenic land use practices. We tested this proposal by experimentally removing noisy miners from eucalypt woodland remnants (16-49 ha), assigned randomly as control (n = 12) or treatment (miner removal) sites (n = 12). Standardized bird surveys were conducted before and after removal, and generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate the effect of miner removal on bird assemblage metrics. Despite removing 3552 noisy miners in three sessions of systematic shooting, densities of noisy miners remained similarly high in treatment and control sites, even just 14 days after their removal. However, there was evidence of an increase in richness and abundance of small birds in treatment sites compared to controls-an effect we only expected to see if noisy miner densities were drastically reduced. We suggest that miner removal may have reduced the ability of the recolonizing miners to aggressively exclude small birds, even without substantially reducing miner densities, due to the breakdown of social structures that are central to the species' despotic behaviour. However, this effect on small birds is unlikely to persist in the long term. Synthesis and applications: Despite evidence from other studies that direct removal of noisy miners can result in rapid and sustained conservation benefit for bird communities at small scales, our findings cast doubt on the potential to scale-up this management approach. The circumstances under which direct control of noisy miners can be achieved remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Davitt
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Kimberly Maute
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian MuseumSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
| | - Richard E. Major
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian MuseumSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paul G. McDonald
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological EcologyZoologyUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
| | - Martine Maron
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
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