101
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Cernea S, Raz I. NAFLD in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Still many challenging questions. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3386. [PMID: 32677717 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data consistently show that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including advanced fibrosis, is double compared to the general population, and it associates with high risk of liver-related morbidity (advanced fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) and mortality, but also with other systemic consequences, such as cardiovascular (CV) disease, chronic kidney disease, and overall mortality. There are still many answers that need to be clarified regarding NAFLD in T2DM, including deciphering the complex pathogenetic mechanisms, the intertwined relationships with the extrahepatic organs and tissues (mainly heart, kidneys, adipose tissue, gut), the prognostic value of NAFLD for CV risk stratification, and more importantly, what would be the most appropriate screening algorithm, diagnostic method and therapeutic approach. We advocate here for proactive action, in order to identify NAFLD in a timely manner, and suggest a simple algorithm to be used in clinical practice, based on risk stratification and on experts' opinions. We discuss the current therapeutic options for NAFLD in T2DM, for which a multifactorial approach is needed, that concomitantly addresses the liver and the cardio-reno-metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cernea
- Department M4/Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Itamar Raz
- Diabetes Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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102
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Kamperidis N, Kamperidis V, Zegkos T, Kostourou I, Nikolaidou O, Arebi N, Karvounis H. Atherosclerosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Shared Pathogenesis and Implications for Treatment. Angiology 2020; 72:303-314. [PMID: 33601945 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720974552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often regarded as 2 distinct entities. The commonest manifestation of atherosclerosis is ischemic heart disease (IHD), and an association between IHD and IBD has been reported. Atherosclerosis and IBD share common pathophysiological mechanisms in terms of their genetics, immunology, and contributing environmental factors. Factors associated with atherosclerosis are implicated in the development of IBD and vice versa. Therefore, treatments targeting the common pathophysiology pathways may be effective in both conditions. The current review considers the pathophysiological pathways that are shared between the 2 conditions and discusses the implications for treatment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kamperidis
- 3749St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom.,* Nikolaos Kamperidis and Vasileios Kamperidis are sharing first authorship
| | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- 1st Cardiology Department, 37788AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,* Nikolaos Kamperidis and Vasileios Kamperidis are sharing first authorship
| | - Thomas Zegkos
- 1st Cardiology Department, 37788AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Olga Nikolaidou
- Radiology Department, Pananikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Naila Arebi
- 3749St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haralambos Karvounis
- 1st Cardiology Department, 37788AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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103
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Wang LM, Wang P, Teka T, Zhang YC, Yang WZ, Zhang Y, Wang T, Liu LX, Han LF, Liu CX. 1H NMR and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS-Based Metabolomics Combined with 16S rRNA Gut Microbiota Analysis Revealed the Potential Regulation Mechanism of Nuciferine in Hyperuricemia Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14059-14070. [PMID: 33146009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia seriously jeopardizes human health by increasing the risk of several diseases, such as gout and stroke. Nuciferine is able to alleviate hyperuricemia significantly. However, the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism remains unknown. To understand the metabolic effects of nuciferine on hyperuricemia by establishing a rat model of rapid hyperuricemia, 1H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to conduct nontargeted metabolomics studies. A total of 21 metabolites were authenticated in plasma and urine to be closely related with hyperuricemia, which were mainly correlated to the six metabolic pathways. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis indicated that diversified intestinal microorganisms are closely related to changes in differential metabolites, especially bacteria from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. We propose that indoxyl sulfate and N-acetylglutamate in urine may be the potential biomarkers besides uric acid for early diagnosis and prevention of hyperuricemia. Gut microbiological analysis found that changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Piao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tekleab Teka
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie +251-1145, Ethiopia
| | - You-Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Xing Liu
- School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Li-Feng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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104
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Jin L, Shi X, Yang J, Zhao Y, Xue L, Xu L, Cai J. Gut microbes in cardiovascular diseases and their potential therapeutic applications. Protein Cell 2020; 12:346-359. [PMID: 32989686 PMCID: PMC8106559 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial ecosystem comprises a complex community in which bacteria interact with each other. The potential roles of the intestinal microbiome play in human health have gained considerable attention. The imbalance of gut microbial community has been looked to multiple chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of morbidity worldwide and are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances have provided scientific evidence that CVD may also be attributed to gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight the complex interplay between microbes, their metabolites, and the potential influence on the generation and development of CVDs. The therapeutic potential of using intestinal microbiomes to treat CVD is also discussed. It is quite possible that gut microbes may be used for clinical treatments of CVD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Li Xu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China.
| | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension center of Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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105
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Implication of Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5394096. [PMID: 33062141 PMCID: PMC7533754 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5394096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has identified the association between gut microbiota and various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Altered intestinal flora composition has been described in detail in CVDs, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmia. In contrast, the importance of fermentation metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and secondary bile acid (BA), has also been implicated in CVD development, prevention, treatment, and prognosis. The potential mechanisms are conventionally thought to involve immune regulation, host energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. However, numerous types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and clockophagy, also serve as a key link in microbiome-host cross talk. In this review, we introduced and summarized the results from recent studies dealing with the relationship between gut microbiota and cardiac disorders, highlighting the role of programmed cell death. We hope to shed light on microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies in CVD management.
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106
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Kondubhatla K, Kaushal A, Daoud A, Shabbir H, Mostafa JA. Pro-Atherogenic Inflammatory Mediators in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Increase the Risk of Thrombosis, Coronary Artery Disease, and Myocardial Infarction: A Scientific Dilemma. Cureus 2020; 12:e10544. [PMID: 33062549 PMCID: PMC7549854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is characterized by widespread inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with systemic manifestations. Inflammation is one of the driving forces for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its dreaded complications like myocardial infarction (MI). Yet, the association between IBD and myocardial infarction has not been thoroughly established. Myocardial infarction in IBD patients was predominantly seen in young women during the active disease process. At the same time, elevated levels of C-reactive protein and other pro-inflammatory markers were observed in both IBD and atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence suggests inflammation inhibits fibrinolysis, expresses procoagulants, and suppresses anticoagulants promoting thrombosis formation. Moreover, the alteration of gut microbiota impacts the pathogenesis of inflammation and predisposes one to ischemic heart disease. Accordingly, all IBD patients should be screened and counseled on lifestyle modifications for the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis. Future researchers should consider conducting more clinical trials on anti-inflammatory medication targeting atherosclerosis and therapeutics, while targeting the gut microbiota to reverse the inflammatory atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Kondubhatla
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ayush Kaushal
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ali Daoud
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hassan Shabbir
- Hematology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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107
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Matsumoto T, Kojima M, Takayanagi K, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Role of S-Equol, Indoxyl Sulfate, and Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Vascular Function. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:793-803. [PMID: 32300778 PMCID: PMC7481967 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota have been emerging as important contributors to the regulation of host homeostasis. Accordingly, several substances converted by gut microbiota can have beneficial or adverse effects on human health. Among them, S-equol, which is produced from the isoflavone daidzein in the human and animal gut by certain microbiota, exerts estrogenic and antioxidant activities. Indoxyl sulfate, which is metabolized in the liver from indole converted from dietary tryptophan by bacterial tryptophanases in the colon, is known as a protein-bound uremic toxin. Trimethylamine N-oxide, which is generated via the oxidization of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine by hepatic flavin monooxygenases, is known as an accelerator of atherosclerosis. The aforementioned gut-derived substances could be potential regulators of systematic tissue/organ function, including the vascular system. Macro- and microvascular complications of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes, occur systemically and represent the principal cause of morbidity and mortality. Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction play pivotal roles in the development and progression of vasculopathies. We herein review the link between the aforementioned gut-derived substances and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function. This information will provide a conceptual framework that would allow the development of novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches against vasculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoka Kojima
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takayanagi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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108
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Stacchiotti V, Rezzi S, Eggersdorfer M, Galli F. Metabolic and functional interplay between gut microbiota and fat-soluble vitamins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3211-3232. [PMID: 32715724 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem seen as an extension of human genome. It represents a major metabolic interface of interaction with food components and xenobiotics in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In this context, the advent of modern bacterial genome sequencing technology has enabled the identification of dietary nutrients as key determinants of gut microbial ecosystem able to modulate the host-microbiome symbiotic relationship and its effects on human health. This article provides a literature review on functional and molecular interactions between a specific group of lipids and essential nutrients, e.g., fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs), and the gut microbiota. A two-way relationship appears to emerge from the available literature with important effects on human metabolism, nutrition, GI physiology and immune function. First, FSV directly or indirectly modify the microbial composition involving for example immune system-mediated and/or metabolic mechanisms of bacterial growth or inhibition. Second, the gut microbiota influences at different levels the synthesis, metabolism and transport of FSV including their bioactive metabolites that are either introduced with the diet or released in the gut via entero-hepatic circulation. A better understanding of these interactions, and of their impact on intestinal and metabolic homeostasis, will be pivotal to design new and more efficient strategies of disease prevention and therapy, and personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Stacchiotti
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Vitamin Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Galli
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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109
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Vaiserman A, Romanenko M, Piven L, Moseiko V, Lushchak O, Kryzhanovska N, Guryanov V, Koliada A. Differences in the gut Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio across age groups in healthy Ukrainian population. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32698765 PMCID: PMC7374892 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes of the host organism, including aging. Microbiota composition was shown to vary significantly throughout the life course. Age-related changes in the composition of microbiota were reported in several human studies. In present study, age-related dynamics of phylogenetic profile of gut microbiota was investigated in 1550 healthy participants from Ukrainian population. RESULTS Significant changes in the microbiota composition determined by qRT-PCR at the level of major microbial phyla across age groups have been observed. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla increased, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased from childhood to elderly age. Accordingly, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was shown to significantly increase until elder age. In both sexes, odds to have F/B > 1 tended to increase with age, reaching maximum values in elder age groups [OR = 2.7 (95% CI, 1.2-6.0) and OR = 3.7 (95% CI, 1.4-9.6) for female and male 60-69-year age groups, respectively, compared to same-sex reference (0-9-year) age groups]. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, data from our study indicate that composition of the human intestinal microbiota at the level of major microbial phyla significantly differs across age groups. In both sexes, the F/B ratio tends to increase with age from 0-9-year to 60-69-year age groups. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of mechanisms underlying age-related dynamics of human microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Romanenko
- Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Liubov Piven
- Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | | | - Oleh Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Alexander Koliada
- Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
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110
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Ahlawat S, Asha, Sharma KK. Gut-organ axis: a microbial outreach and networking. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:636-668. [PMID: 32472555 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota (GM) includes a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms that are crucial for well-being and survival of the organism. It has been reported as diverse and relatively stable with shared core microbiota, including Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as the major dominants. They are the key regulators of body homeostasis, involving both intestinal and extra-intestinal effects by influencing many physiological functions such as metabolism, maintenance of barrier homeostasis, inflammation and hematopoiesis. Any alteration in GM community structures not only trigger gut disorders but also influence other organs and cause associated diseases. In recent past, the GM has been defined as a 'vital organ' with its involvement with other organs; thus, establishing a link or a bi- or multidirectional communication axis between the organs via neural, endocrine, immune, humoral and metabolic pathways. Alterations in GM have been linked to several diseases known to humans; although the exact interaction mechanism between the gut and the organs is yet to be defined. In this review, the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the vital human organs was envisaged and discussed under several headings. Furthermore, several disease symptoms were also revisited to redefine the communication network between the gut microbes and the associated organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Asha
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - K K Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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111
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Kashtanova DA, Tkacheva ON. The phenomenon of intestinal permeability and its association with cardiovascular disease. Current status. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the intestinal permeability in various pathologies are widely discussed in the scientific community. There is still no consensus on whether high intestinal permeability can lead to chronic noncommunicable diseases, but there is much evidence that increased permeability can aggravate some of them. The article discusses a modern vision of the intestinal permeability including its potential contribution to the development of cardiovascular pathologies, which are the number one mortality cause both in Russia and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Kashtanova
- Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - O. N. Tkacheva
- Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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112
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Bartolomaeus TUP, Birkner T, Bartolomaeus H, Löber U, Avery EG, Mähler A, Weber D, Kochlik B, Balogh A, Wilck N, Boschmann M, Müller DN, Markó L, Forslund SK. Quantifying technical confounders in microbiome studies. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:863-875. [PMID: 32374853 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent technical developments have allowed the study of the human microbiome to accelerate at an unprecedented pace. Methodological differences may have considerable impact on the results obtained. Thus, we investigated how different storage, isolation, and DNA extraction methods can influence the characterization of the intestinal microbiome, compared to the impact of true biological signals such as intraindividual variability, nutrition, health, and demographics. METHODS AND RESULTS An observative cohort study in 27 healthy subjects was performed. Participants were instructed to collect stool samples twice spaced by a week, using six different methods (naive and Zymo DNA/RNA Shield on dry ice, OMNIgene GUT, RNALater, 95% ethanol, Zymo DNA/RNA Shield at room temperature). DNA extraction from all samples was performed comparatively using QIAamp Power Fecal and ZymoBIOMICS DNA Kits. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota as well as qPCRs were performed on the isolated DNA. Metrics included alpha diversity as well as multivariate and univariate comparisons of samples, controlling for covariate patterns computationally. Interindividual differences explained 7.4% of overall microbiome variability, whereas the choice of DNA extraction method explained a further 5.7%. At phylum level, the tested kits differed in their recovery of Gram-positive bacteria, which is reflected in a significantly skewed enterotype distribution. CONCLUSION DNA extraction methods had the highest impact on observed microbiome variability, and were comparable to interindividual differences, thus may spuriously mimic the microbiome signatures of various health and nutrition factors. Conversely, collection methods had a relatively small influence on microbiome composition. The present study provides necessary insight into the technical variables which can lead to divergent results from seemingly similar study designs. We anticipate that these results will contribute to future efforts towards standardization of microbiome quantification procedures in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theda U P Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Birkner
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen G Avery
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,NurtiAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,NurtiAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - András Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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113
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Xu H, Wang X, Feng W, Liu Q, Zhou S, Liu Q, Cai L. The gut microbiota and its interactions with cardiovascular disease. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:637-656. [PMID: 31984651 PMCID: PMC7111081 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is colonized by a considerable community of microorganisms that cohabits within the host and plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecology plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, the effects of imbalances in microbe-host interactions on homeostasis can lead to the progression of CVD. Alterations in the composition of gut flora and disruptions in gut microbial metabolism are implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. Furthermore, the gut microbiota functions like an endocrine organ that produces bioactive metabolites, including trimethylamine/trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, which are also involved in host health and disease via numerous pathways. Thus, the gut microbiota and its metabolic pathways have attracted growing attention as a therapeutic target for CVD treatment. The fundamental purpose of this review was to summarize recent studies that have illustrated the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, their metabolites and the development of common CVD, as well as the effects of gut dysbiosis on CVD risk factors. Moreover, we systematically discuss the normal physiology of gut microbiota and potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to prevent and treat CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
- Pediatric Research InstituteDepartment of Pediatricsthe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research InstituteDepartment of Pediatricsthe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
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114
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Abstract
This review summarizes existing research on the gut microbiome composition and function in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, exploring potential roles in disease pathogenesis, progression, and management. A strong relationship between skin, joint, and gastrointestinal inflammation exists, as demonstrated by an increased prevalence of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease co-occurring together; however, the link between them has not been fully elucidated. Studies analyzing the gut microbiome in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis reveal a unique pattern of dysbiosis. With regard to the gut microbiome's role in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis, we discuss several theories including intestinal permeability, altered immune homeostasis, and imbalance of short- and medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. We also discuss how the gut microbiome affects patient risk of psoriatic arthritis and other serious comorbidities, and how fecal microbes could be used clinically as therapeutic targets or markers of disease.
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115
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Baptista LC, Sun Y, Carter CS, Buford TW. Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiome and Bioactive Lipids: Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Frailty. Front Nutr 2020; 7:17. [PMID: 32219095 PMCID: PMC7078157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive frailty is a geriatric condition defined by the coexistence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. This "composite" aging phenotype is associated with a higher risk of several adverse health-related outcomes, including dementia. In the last decade, cognitive frailty has gained increased attention from the scientific community that has focused on understanding the clinical impact and the physiological and pathological mechanisms of development and on identifying preventive and/or rehabilitative therapeutic interventions. The emergence of gut microbiome in neural signaling increased the interest in targeting the gut-brain axis as a modulation strategy. Multiple studies on gastroenteric, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases support the existence of a wide bidirectional communication network of signaling mediators, e.g., bioactive lipids, that can modulate inflammation, gut permeability, microbiota composition, and the gut-brain axis. This crosstalk between the gut-brain axis, microbiome, and bioactive lipids may emerge as the basis of a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract cognitive frailty. In this review, we summarize the evidence in the literature regarding the link between the gut microbiome, brain, and several families of bioactive lipids. In addition, we also explore the applicability of several bioactive lipid members as a potential routes for therapeutic interventions to combat cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C. Baptista
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Christy S. Carter
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Thomas W. Buford ; Twitter: @twbuford
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116
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Santos HO, Genario R, Gomes GK, Schoenfeld BJ. Cherry intake as a dietary strategy in sport and diseases: a review of clinical applicability and mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:417-430. [PMID: 32126807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1734912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cherries are fruits rich in phytochemical compounds, particularly anthocyanins. Thus, consumption of cherries has gained attention in both clinical and sport-related fields for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Mechanistically, anthocyanins from the intake of cherries may help to attenuate pain and decrease blood concentrations of biomarkers linked to skeletal muscle degradation, which in turn may provide ergogenic effects. In addition, the ability of anthocyanins to balance the redox state represents a conceivable target for rheumatic disorders (e.g. gout and arthritis). Moreover, cherry anthocyanins are emerging as a potential non-pharmacological remedy for cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension and dyslipidemia). Herein, we summarize the effects of cherry intake in sport and diseases, and discuss their purported mechanisms of action to provide insights into practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gederson K Gomes
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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117
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Yong CQY, Valiyaveettil S, Tang BL. Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051509. [PMID: 32111046 PMCID: PMC7084551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fragmented or otherwise miniaturized plastic materials in the form of micro- or nanoplastics have been of nagging environmental concern. Perturbation of organismal physiology and behavior by micro- and nanoplastics have been widely documented for marine invertebrates. Some of these effects are also manifested by larger marine vertebrates such as fishes. More recently, possible effects of micro- and nanoplastics on mammalian gut microbiota as well as host cellular and metabolic toxicity have been reported in mouse models. Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics occurs largely through ingestion, as these are found in food or derived from food packaging, but also in a less well-defined manner though inhalation. The pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic micro- and nanoplastics exposure in the mammalian system, particularly humans, are yet unclear. In this review, we focus on the recent findings related to the potential toxicity and detrimental effects of micro- and nanoplastics as demonstrated in mouse models as well as human cell lines. The prevailing data suggest that micro- and nanoplastics accumulation in mammalian and human tissues would likely have negative, yet unclear long-term consequences. There is a need for cellular and systemic toxicity due to micro- and nanoplastics to be better illuminated, and the underlying mechanisms defined by further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Qian Ying Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-1040
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118
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Bian JS. Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Link Between Inflammation and Hydrogen Sulfide. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1568. [PMID: 32038245 PMCID: PMC6985156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels that play critical roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood fluidity and fibrinolysis, vascular tone, angiogenesis, monocyte/leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. The normal vascular endothelium is taken as a gatekeeper of cardiovascular health, whereas abnormality of vascular endothelium is a major contributor to a plethora of cardiovascular ailments, such as atherosclerosis, aging, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by imbalanced vasodilation and vasoconstriction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory factors, as well as deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The occurrence of endothelial dysfunction disrupts the endothelial barrier permeability that is a part of inflammatory response in the development of cardiovascular diseases. As such, abrogation of endothelial cell activation/inflammation is of clinical relevance. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an entry as a gasotransmitter, exerts diverse biological effects through acting on various targeted signaling pathways. Within the cardiovascular system, the formation of H2S is detected in smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Disrupted H2S bioavailability is postulated to be a new indicator for endothelial cell inflammation and its associated endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will summarize recent advances about the roles of H2S in endothelial cell homeostasis, especially under pathological conditions, and discuss its putative therapeutic applications in endothelial inflammation-associated cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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119
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Sun Q, Xu X, Zhang J, Sun M, Tian Q, Li Q, Cao W, Zhang X, Wang H, Liu J, Zhang J, Meng X, Wu L, Song M, Liu H, Wang W, Wang Y. Association of suboptimal health status with intestinal microbiota in Chinese youths. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1837-1847. [PMID: 31808612 PMCID: PMC6991644 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal health status (SHS), a physical state between health and disease, is a subclinical and reversible stage of chronic disease. Previous studies have shown alterations in the intestinal microbiota in patients with some chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between SHS and intestinal microbiota in a case-control study with 50 SHS individuals and 50 matched healthy controls. Intestinal microbiota was analysed by MiSeq 250PE. Alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota in SHS individuals was higher compared with that of healthy controls (Simpson index, W = 2238, P = .048). Beta diversity was different between SHS and healthy controls (P = .018). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was higher in the SHS group than that in the controls (W = 2201, P = .049). Compared with that of the control group, nine genera were significantly higher and five genera were lower in abundance in the SHS group (all P < .05). The intestinal microbiota, analysed by a random forest model, was able to distinguish individuals with SHS from the controls, with an area under the curve of 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.81). We demonstrated that the alteration of intestinal microbiota occurs with SHS, an early stage of disease, which might shed light on the importance of intestinal microbiota in the primary prevention of noncommunicable chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- National Research Institute for Family PlanningBeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public HealthShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qihuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaonan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongqi Liu
- University HospitalWeifang UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Public HealthShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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120
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Man AWC, Li H, Xia N. Resveratrol and the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Arterial Remodelling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010119. [PMID: 31906281 PMCID: PMC7019510 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial remodelling refers to the alteration in the structure of blood vessel that contributes to the progression of hypertension and other cardiovascular complications. Arterial remodelling is orchestrated by the crosstalk between the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Vascular inflammation participates in arterial remodelling. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has beneficial effects in both the endothelium and VSMC. Resveratrol has been studied for the protective effects in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota, respectively. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the immune system and inflammatory processes. Gut microbiota may also regulate vascular remodelling in cardiovascular complications via affecting endothelium function and VSMC proliferation. Currently, there is new evidence showing that gut microbiota regulate the proliferation of VSMC and the formation of neointimal hyperplasia in response to injury. The change in population of the gut microbiota, as well as their metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) could critically contribute to VSMC proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that correlate the effects of resveratrol in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the resveratrol effects on cardiovascular complications focusing on arterial remodelling and discuss the possible interactions of resveratrol and the gut microbiota that modulate arterial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W C Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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121
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Sharma SG, Sharma NR, Sharma M. Impact of Human Microbiome on Health. MICROBIAL DIVERSITY, INTERVENTIONS AND SCOPE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7315774 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4099-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human genome in the recent years, by the advent of technological advancements, has emerged as a major prolocutor for reciprocity between the human body and the food consumed. As known, microbiome comprises all the genetic materials within a microbiota and can thereby be also referred to as metagenome of the microbiota. Contemporary researches have revealed the influence of microbiome not only on human mind and health status, but also in wide range of disease switching, ranging from cardio-metabolic diseases, allergies and obesities to life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Though the complete mechanism of many diseases is yet unclear, research works have revealed that the metabolites, nutrients and microbes can be regarded as the key players for such physiological state. The major approach of this chapter is to enlighten the interrelationship of the microbiome on the human health either in a synergistic or in an antagonistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Guleria Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional Univeristy, Phagwara, Punjab India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional Univeristy, Phagwara, Punjab India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab India
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122
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John OD, Mouatt P, Majzoub ME, Thomas T, Panchal SK, Brown L. Physiological and Metabolic Effects of Yellow Mangosteen ( Garcinia dulcis) Rind in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E272. [PMID: 31906096 PMCID: PMC6981489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study has investigated the responses to rind of yellow mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis), usually discarded as waste, in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. The rind contains higher concentrations of phytochemicals (such as garcinol, morelloflavone and citric acid) than the pulp. Male Wistar rats aged 8-9 weeks were fed either corn starch diet or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 16 weeks, which were supplemented with 5% freeze-dried G. dulcis fruit rind powder during the last 8 weeks. We characterised metabolic, cardiovascular, liver and gut microbiota parameters. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed abdominal obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness, decreased glucose tolerance, fatty liver and reduced Bacteroidia with increased Clostridia in the colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder attenuated these changes, improved cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and attenuated changes in colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder may be effective in metabolic syndrome by appetite suppression, inhibition of inflammatory processes and increased fat metabolism, possibly related to changes in the colonic microbiota. Hence, we propose the use of G. dulcis fruit rind as a functional food to ameliorate symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D. John
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (O.D.J.); (S.K.P.)
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Marwan E. Majzoub
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (O.D.J.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (O.D.J.); (S.K.P.)
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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The Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease and Arterial Thrombosis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120691. [PMID: 31847071 PMCID: PMC6956001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Metabolites from the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and short chain fatty acids, were identified as messengers that induce cell type-specific signaling mechanisms and immune reactions in the host vasculature, impacting the development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, microbial-associated molecular patterns drive atherogenesis and the microbiota was recently demonstrated to promote arterial thrombosis through Toll-like receptor signaling. Furthermore, by the use of germ-free mouse models, the presence of a gut microbiota was shown to influence the synthesis of endothelial adhesion molecules. Hence, the gut microbiota is increasingly being recognized as an influencing factor of arterial thrombosis and attempts of dietary pre- or probiotic modulation of the commensal microbiota, to reduce cardiovascular risk, are becoming increasingly significant.
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124
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Inflammaging as a common ground for the development and maintenance of sarcopenia, obesity, cardiomyopathy and dysbiosis. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100980. [PMID: 31726228 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, obesity and their coexistence, obese sarcopenia (OBSP) as well as atherosclerosis-related cardio-vascular diseases (ACVDs), including chronic heart failure (CHF), are among the greatest public health concerns in the ageing population. A clear age-dependent increased prevalence of sarcopenia and OBSP has been registered in CHF patients, suggesting mechanistic relationships. Development of OBSP could be mediated by a crosstalk between the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and the skeletal muscle under conditions of low-grade local and systemic inflammation, inflammaging. The present review summarizes the emerging data supporting the idea that inflammaging may serve as a mutual mechanism governing the development of sarcopenia, OBSP and ACVDs. In support of this hypothesis, various immune cells release pro-inflammatory mediators in the skeletal muscle and myocardium. Subsequently, the endothelial structure is disrupted, and cellular processes, such as mitochondrial activity, mitophagy, and autophagy are impaired. Inflamed myocytes lose their contractile properties, which is characteristic of sarcopenia and CHF. Inflammation may increase the risk of ACVD events in a hyperlipidemia-independent manner. Significant reduction of ACVD event rates, without the lowering of plasma lipids, following a specific targeting of key pro-inflammatory cytokines confirms a key role of inflammation in ACVD pathogenesis. Gut dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbial community, is known to be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of age-associated sarcopenia and ACVDs by inducing and supporting inflammaging. Dysbiosis induces the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is implicated in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and poor CHF prognosis. In OBSP, AT dysfunction and inflammation induce, in concert with dysbiosis, lipotoxicity and other pathophysiological processes, thus exacerbating sarcopenia and CHF. Administration of specialized, inflammation pro-resolving mediators has been shown to ameliorate the inflammatory manifestations. Considering all these findings, we hypothesize that sarcopenia, OBSP, CHF and dysbiosis are inflammaging-oriented disorders, whereby inflammaging is common and most probably the causative mechanism driving their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel..
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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125
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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126
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McGrattan AM, McGuinness B, McKinley MC, Kee F, Passmore P, Woodside JV, McEvoy CT. Diet and Inflammation in Cognitive Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:53-65. [PMID: 30949921 PMCID: PMC6486891 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutrition is known to modulate the immune system and may alter neuroinflammatory processes implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progression of neurodegeneration. Here, we review the evidence for healthy dietary patterns and age-related cognition and discuss potential neuroinflammatory actions of diet on cognitive function. RECENT FINDINGS Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) may be neuroprotective. Several dietary components consumed in the MD and DASH (omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and polyphenols) can inhibit neuroinflammation associated with AD. Anti-inflammatory diets may also attenuate neuroinflammation via indirect immune pathways from the gut microbiome and systemic circulation. Diet may influence cognitive ageing via several inflammatory pathways. However, data from human studies are lacking and the exact mechanisms linking diet to cognitive function remain elusive. Further dietary intervention studies are required to investigate diet-associated neurological change from the earliest through to latest stages of cognitive decline. Furthermore, incorporation of neuroimaging measures in intervention studies would advance current understanding of the mechanistic effects of dietary modification on neuroinflammation in the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M McGrattan
- Institute of Health and Society and Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, Biomedical Research Building, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Claire T McEvoy
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK.
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127
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Probiotics as Beneficial Dietary Supplements to Prevent and Treat Cardiovascular Diseases: Uncovering Their Impact on Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3086270. [PMID: 31205584 PMCID: PMC6530239 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3086270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, the ecosystem formed by a wide symbiotic community of nonpathogenic microorganisms that are present in the distal part of the human gut, plays a prominent role in the normal physiology of the organism. The gut microbiota's imbalance, gut dysbiosis, is directly related to the origin of various processes of acute or chronic dysfunction in the host. Therefore, the ability to intervene in the gut microbiota is now emerging as a possible tactic for therapeutic intervention in various diseases. From this perspective, evidence is growing that a functional dietary intervention with probiotics, which maintain or restore beneficial bacteria of the digestive tract, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for interventions in cardiovascular diseases and also reduces the risk of their occurrence. In the present work, we review the importance of maintaining the balance of the intestinal microbiota to prevent or combat such processes as arterial hypertension or endothelial dysfunction, which underlie many cardiovascular disorders. We also review how the consumption of probiotics can improve autonomic control of cardiovascular function and provide beneficial effects in patients with heart failure. Among the known effects of probiotics is their ability to decrease the generation of reactive oxygen species and, therefore, reduce oxidative stress. Therefore, in this review, we specifically focus on this antioxidant capacity and its relationship with the beneficial cardiovascular effects described for probiotics.
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128
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Germ-free animal experiments in the gut microbiota studies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 49:6-10. [PMID: 31051390 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a crucial role in the maintenance of health. Increasing evidence suggests that changes or disturbances in gut microbiota may be associated with various diseases. Therefore, preclinical and clinical studies related to gut microbiota are becoming increasingly important. Germ-free animal experimentation is one of the most important in vivo experimental models for preclinical studies on gut microbiota interactions. It represents a model to study effect of probiotic research and other experimental animal studies requiring careful control of outside contaminants that can affect the trial. Germ-free animals have defected immune systems, so they are used to model immune mediated metabolic, peripheral, and central diseases. In addition, gut-brain axis studies have recently increased. This minireview provides current information on this model and discusses the validity of its use in gut microbiota studies.
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129
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Jin M, Qian Z, Yin J, Xu W, Zhou X. The role of intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2343-2350. [PMID: 30712327 PMCID: PMC6433673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that intestinal microbiota is involved in the development of various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the recent years, both human and animal experiments have revealed that alterations in the composition and function of intestinal flora, recognized as gut microflora dysbiosis, can accelerate the progression of CVDs. Moreover, intestinal flora metabolizes the diet ingested by the host into a series of metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide, short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid and indoxyl sulfate, which affects the host physiological processes by activation of numerous signalling pathways. The aim of this review was to summarize the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of CVDs, including coronary artery disease, hypertension and heart failure, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for CVD that involve interfering with the composition, function and metabolites of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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