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Ansarey SH. Inflammation and JNK's Role in Niacin-GPR109A Diminished Flushed Effect in Microglial and Neuronal Cells With Relevance to Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:771144. [PMID: 34916973 PMCID: PMC8668869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.771144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness with no single definitive aetiology, making its treatment difficult. Antipsychotics are not fully effective because they treat psychosis rather than the cognitive or negative symptoms. Antipsychotics fail to alleviate symptoms when patients enter the chronic stage of illness. Topical application of niacin showed diminished skin flush in the majority of patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population who showed flushing. The niacin skin flush test is useful for identifying patients with schizophrenia at their ultra-high-risk stage, and understanding this pathology may introduce an effective treatment. This review aims to understand the pathology behind the diminished skin flush response, while linking it back to neurons and microglia. First, it suggests that there are altered proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, inflammatory imbalance, and kinase signalling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are associated with diminished flush. Second, genes from the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway were matched against the 128-loci genome wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia using GeneCards, suggesting that G-coupled receptor-109A (GPR109A) may have a genetic mutation, resulting in diminished flush. This review also suggests that there may be increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, which contributes to the diminished flush pathology. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers may induce microglial-activated neuronal death. Lastly, this review explores the role of JNK on pro-inflammatory mediators, proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, microglial activation, and neuronal death. Inhibiting JNK may reverse the changes observed in the diminished flush response, which might make it a good therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Ansarey
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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102
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Masgutov R, Zeinalova A, Bogov A, Masgutova G, Salafutdinov I, Garanina E, Syromiatnikova V, Idrisova K, Mullakhmetova A, Andreeva D, Mukhametova L, Kadyrov A, Pankov I, Rizvanov A. Angiogenesis and nerve regeneration induced by local administration of plasmid pBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 into the intact rat sciatic nerve. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1882-1889. [PMID: 33510097 PMCID: PMC8328758 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are well-known growth factors involved in the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including peripheral nerve system. In the present study, we elucidated the local and systemic effects of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 injected into the epineurium of intact rat sciatic nerve. Results of histological examination of sciatic nerve and multiplex immunoassays of serum showed the absence of immunogenicity and biosafety of plasmid рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2. Moreover, local administration of plasmid DNA construct resulted in significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-12, and significantly increased levels of cytokines and chemokines including Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secrete (RANTES), epidermal growth factor, interleukin-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. These changes in the peripheral blood on day 7 after injection of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 show that the plasmid construct has systemic effects and may modulate immune response. At the same time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed transient expression of coFGF2, coVEGF165, ratFGF2 and ratVEGFA with direct transport of transcripts from distal part to proximal part of the sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemical staining revealed prolonged presence of VEGFA in sciatic nerve till 14 days post-injection. These findings suggest that local administration of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 at a concentration of 30 ng/µL results in the formation of pro-angiogenic stimuli and, and the plasmid construct, used as a drug for gene therapy, might potentially facilitate regeneration of the sciatic nerve. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Kazan Federal University, procedures were approved by the Local Ethics Committee (approval No. 5) on May 27, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Masgutov
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University; Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alina Zeinalova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Galina Masgutova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilnur Salafutdinov
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriia Syromiatnikova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kamilla Idrisova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Adelya Mullakhmetova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina Andreeva
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liliya Mukhametova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Adilet Kadyrov
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Pankov
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Alvarez Cooper I, Beecher K, Chehrehasa F, Belmer A, Bartlett SE. Tumour Necrosis Factor in Neuroplasticity, Neurogenesis and Alcohol Use Disorder. Brain Plast 2020; 6:47-66. [PMID: 33680846 PMCID: PMC7903009 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-190095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a pervasive and detrimental condition that involves changes in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Alcohol activates the neuroimmune system and alters the inflammatory status of the brain. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a well characterised neuroimmune signal but its involvement in alcohol use disorder is unknown. In this review, we discuss the variable findings of TNF's effect on neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Acute ethanol exposure reduces TNF release while chronic alcohol intake generally increases TNF levels. Evidence suggests TNF potentiates excitatory transmission, promotes anxiety during alcohol withdrawal and is involved in drug use in rodents. An association between craving for alcohol and TNF is apparent during withdrawal in humans. While anti-inflammatory therapies show efficacy in reversing neurogenic deficit after alcohol exposure, there is no evidence for TNF's essential involvement in alcohol's effect on neurogenesis. Overall, defining TNF's role in alcohol use disorder is complicated by poor understanding of its variable effects on synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. While TNF may be of relevance during withdrawal, the neuroimmune system likely acts through a larger group of inflammatory cytokines to alter neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Understanding the individual relevance of TNF in alcohol use disorder awaits a more comprehensive understanding of TNF's effects within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Alvarez Cooper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Chehrehasa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Selena E. Bartlett
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Tyrtyshnaia A, Bondar A, Konovalova S, Sultanov R, Manzhulo I. N-Docosahexanoylethanolamine Reduces Microglial Activation and Improves Hippocampal Plasticity in a Murine Model of Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249703. [PMID: 33352646 PMCID: PMC7767308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is a common pathogenetic link in the development of various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, a detailed study of neuroinflammation and the development of drugs that reduce or eliminate the negative effect of neuroinflammation on cognitive processes are among the top priorities of modern neurobiology. N-docosahexanoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) is an endogenous metabolite and structural analog of anandamide, an essential endocannabinoid produced from arachidonic acid. Our study aims to elucidate the pharmacological activity of synaptamide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. Memory deficits in animals were determined using behavioral tests. To study the effects of LPS (750 µg/kg/day, 7 days) and synaptamide (10 mg/kg/day, 7 days) on synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation was examined in the CA1 area of acute hippocampal slices. The Golgi-Cox method allowed us to assess neuronal morphology. The production of inflammatory factors and receptors was assessed using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. During the study, functional, structural, and plastic changes within the hippocampus were identified. We found a beneficial effect of synaptamide on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and morphological characteristics of neurons. Synaptamide treatment recovered hippocampal neurogenesis, suppressed microglial activation, and significantly improved hippocampus-dependent memory. The basis of the phenomena described above is probably the powerful anti-inflammatory activity of synaptamide, as shown in our study and several previous works.
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105
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New Insights into Immune-Mediated Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239302. [PMID: 33291304 PMCID: PMC7730912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The double-edged nature of the immune system poses a problem in harnessing immunomodulatory therapies to prevent and slow the progression of this debilitating disease. To tackle this conundrum, understanding the mechanisms underlying immune-mediated neuronal death will aid in the identification of neuroprotective strategies to preserve dopaminergic neurons. Specific innate and adaptive immune mediators may directly or indirectly induce dopaminergic neuronal death. Genetic factors, the gut-brain axis and the recent identification of PD-specific T cells may provide novel mechanistic insights on PD pathogenesis. Future studies to address the gaps in the identification of autoantibodies, variability in immunophenotyping studies and the contribution of gut dysbiosis to PD may eventually provide new therapeutic targets for PD.
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106
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Jin K, Lu J, Yu Z, Shen Z, Li H, Mou T, Xu Y, Huang M. Linking peripheral IL-6, IL-1β and hypocretin-1 with cognitive impairment from major depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:204-211. [PMID: 32829196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment has long challenged the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), hypocretins and inflammation have recently been implicated in cognitive function. However, limited studies have compressively assessed their associations with cognitive impairment in MDD. METHODS A total of 100 MDD patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for this study. They were tested with HAMD, HAMA, and MCCB scales. The plasma level of selected inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and hypocretin-1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the plasma level of the factors and clinical performances. RESULTS Patients with MDD showed cognitive impairment in each MCCB subdomain except working memory compared with HC. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and hypocretin-1 in MDD patients were higher than HC. Besides, IL-1β levels was negatively correlated with overall cognitive function in the combined group. Hypocretin-1 was positively correlated with socially cognitive impairment in MDD patients. A negative correlation between plasma hypocretin-1 levels and HAMA scales was also observed in MDD patients. LIMITATION The study was cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal inference, and had a relatively small sample size. There are no subcategories for MDD based on characteristics. CONCLUSION IL-1β, IL-6 and Hypocretin-1 were reported as potential factors involved in MDD pathology. Hypocretin-1 could contribute to the biological mechanisms of anxiety relief. Hypocretin-1, therefore, may be important in exploring the pathological mechanisms of social cognitive impairment in MDD patients. Conclusively, this study provides new insights for exploring cognitive impairment in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhebin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tingting Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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107
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Farr SA, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Campolo M, Niehoff ML, Doyle TM, Salvemini D. Adenosine A 3 receptor as a novel therapeutic target to reduce secondary events and improve neurocognitive functions following traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:339. [PMID: 33183330 PMCID: PMC7659122 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common pathological condition that presently lacks a specific pharmacological treatment. Adenosine levels rise following TBI, which is thought to be neuroprotective against secondary brain injury. Evidence from stroke and inflammatory disease models suggests that adenosine signaling through the G protein-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) can provide antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the role of A3AR in TBI has not been investigated. Methods Using the selective A3AR agonist, MRS5980, we evaluated the effects of A3AR activation on the pathological outcomes and cognitive function in CD1 male mouse models of TBI. Results When measured 24 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI, male mice treated with intraperitoneal injections of MRS5980 (1 mg/kg) had reduced secondary tissue injury and brain infarction than vehicle-treated mice with TBI. These effects were associated with attenuated neuroinflammation marked by reduced activation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NFκB) and MAPK (p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)) pathways and downstream NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation. MRS5980 also attenuated TBI-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell influx. Moreover, when measured 4–5 weeks after closed head weight-drop TBI, male mice treated with MRS5980 (1 mg/kg) performed significantly better in novel object-placement retention tests (NOPRT) and T maze trials than untreated mice with TBI without altered locomotor activity or increased anxiety. Conclusion Our results provide support for the beneficial effects of small molecule A3AR agonists to mitigate secondary tissue injury and cognitive impairment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Farr
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 915 N Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63106, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael L Niehoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Timothy M Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA. .,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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108
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Wang X, Yu H, Wang C, Liu Y, You J, Wang P, Xu G, Shen H, Yao H, Lan X, Zhao R, Wu X, Zhang G. Chronic ethanol exposure induces neuroinflammation in H4 cells through TLR3 / NF-κB pathway and anxiety-like behavior in male C57BL/6 mice. Toxicology 2020; 446:152625. [PMID: 33161052 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism has become a major public health problem. Long-term and excessive drinking can lead to a variety of diseases. Chronic ethanol exposure can induce neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavior, and this may be induced through the Toll-like receptor 3/nuclear factor-κB (TLR3/NF-κB) pathway. Animal experiments were performed using healthy adult male C57BL/6 N mice given 10 % (m/V) or 20 % ethanol solution as the only choice of drinkable fluid for 60, 90 or 180 d. In cell culture experiments, H4 human glioma cells were treated with 100 mM ethanol for 2 d, with the TLR3 gene silenced by RNAi and NF-κB inhibited by ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 10 μM). After treatment with ethanol solution for a specific time, the anxiety-like behavior of the mice was tested using the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the mouse hippocampus and H4 cells. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatant of cell culture medium was detected by ELISA. The open field test showed a decrease in time spent in the central area, and the elevated plus maze test showed a decrease in activity time in the open arm region. These behavioral tests indicated that ethanol caused anxiety-like behavior in mice. The expression levels of TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α increased after ethanol exposure in both the hippocampus of mice and H4 cells. Silencing of the TLR3 gene by RNAi or inhibition of NF-κB by PDTC attenuated the ethanol-induced increase in the expression of inflammatory factors in H4 cells. These findings indicated that chronic ethanol exposure increases the expression of TLR3 and NF-κB and produces neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavior in male C57BL/6 mice and that ethanol-induced neuroinflammation can be caused through the TLR3/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Changliang Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; The People's Procuratorate of Liaoning Province Judicial Authentication Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, PR China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- The People's Procuratorate of Liaoning Province Judicial Authentication Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, PR China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, PR China
| | - Jiabin You
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Xinze Lan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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Arenas YM, Cabrera-Pastor A, Juciute N, Mora-Navarro E, Felipo V. Blocking glycine receptors reduces neuroinflammation and restores neurotransmission in cerebellum through ADAM17-TNFR1-NF-κβ pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:269. [PMID: 32917219 PMCID: PMC7488331 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hyperammonemia induces neuroinflammation in cerebellum, with glial activation and enhanced activation of the TNFR1-NF-kB-glutaminase-glutamate-GABA pathway. Hyperammonemia also increases glycinergic neurotransmission. These alterations contribute to cognitive and motor impairment. Activation of glycine receptors is reduced by extracellular cGMP, which levels are reduced in cerebellum of hyperammonemic rats in vivo. We hypothesized that enhanced glycinergic neurotransmission in hyperammonemic rats (1) contributes to induce neuroinflammation and glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission alterations; (2) is a consequence of the reduced extracellular cGMP levels. The aims were to assess, in cerebellum of hyperammonemic rats, (a) whether blocking glycine receptors with the antagonist strychnine reduces neuroinflammation; (b) the cellular localization of glycine receptor; (c) the effects of blocking glycine receptors on the TNFR1-NF-kB-glutaminase-glutamate-GABA pathway and microglia activation; (d) whether adding extracellular cGMP reproduces the effects of strychnine. METHODS We analyzed in freshly isolated cerebellar slices from control or hyperammonemic rats the effects of strychnine on activation of microglia and astrocytes, the content of TNFa and IL1b, the surface expression of ADAM17, TNFR1 and transporters, the phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38 and ADAM17. The cellular localization of glycine receptor was assessed by immunofluorescence. We analyzed the content of TNFa, IL1b, HMGB1, glutaminase, and the level of TNF-a mRNA and NF-κB in Purkinje neurons. Extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA were performed by in vivo microdialysis in cerebellum. We tested whether extracellular cGMP reproduces the effects of strychnine in ex vivo cerebellar slices. RESULTS Glycine receptors are expressed mainly in Purkinje cells. In hyperammonemic rats, enhanced glycinergic neurotransmission leads to reduced membrane expression of ADAM17, resulting in increased surface expression and activation of TNFR1 and of the associated NF-kB pathway. This increases the expression in Purkinje neurons of TNFa, IL-1b, HMGB1, and glutaminase. Increased glutaminase activity leads to increased extracellular glutamate, which increases extracellular GABA. Increased extracellular glutamate and HMGB1 potentiate microglial activation. Blocking glycine receptors with strychnine or extracellular cGMP completely prevents the above pathway in hyperammonemic rats. CONCLUSIONS Glycinergic neurotransmission modulates neuroinflammation. Enhanced glycinergic neurotransmission in hyperammonemia would be due to reduced extracellular cGMP. These results shed some light on possible new therapeutic target pathways for pathologies associated to neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza M Arenas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Center Valencia, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Center Valencia, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
- Laboratory of Neurological Impairment, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nora Juciute
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Center Valencia, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloy Mora-Navarro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Center Valencia, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Center Valencia, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
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Gupta A, Kumar D, Puri S, Puri V. Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Signaling of Pain During Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:424. [PMID: 32850914 PMCID: PMC7427621 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant global health concern. The primary causes of AKI include ischemia, sepsis and nephrotoxicity. The unraveled interface between nervous system and immune response with specific focus on pain pathways is generating a huge interest in reference to AKI. The nervous system though static executes functions by nerve fibers throughout the body. Neuronal peptides released by nerves effect the immune response to mediate the hemodynamic system critical to the functioning of kidney. Pain is the outcome of cellular cross talk between nervous and immune systems. The widespread release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and immune cells contribute to bidirectional neuroimmune cross talks for pain manifestation. Recently, we have reported pain pathway genes that may pave the way to better understand such processes during AKI. An auxiliary understanding of the functions and communications in these systems will lead to novel approaches in pain management and treatment through the pathological state, specifically during acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Gupta
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dev Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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111
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Stevenson R, Samokhina E, Rossetti I, Morley JW, Buskila Y. Neuromodulation of Glial Function During Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:278. [PMID: 32973460 PMCID: PMC7473408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia, a non-excitable cell type once considered merely as the connective tissue between neurons, is nowadays acknowledged for its essential contribution to multiple physiological processes including learning, memory formation, excitability, synaptic plasticity, ion homeostasis, and energy metabolism. Moreover, as glia are key players in the brain immune system and provide structural and nutritional support for neurons, they are intimately involved in multiple neurological disorders. Recent advances have demonstrated that glial cells, specifically microglia and astroglia, are involved in several neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). While there is compelling evidence for glial modulation of synaptic formation and regulation that affect neuronal signal processing and activity, in this manuscript we will review recent findings on neuronal activity that affect glial function, specifically during neurodegenerative disorders. We will discuss the nature of each glial malfunction, its specificity to each disorder, overall contribution to the disease progression and assess its potential as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stevenson
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Evgeniia Samokhina
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - John W. Morley
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- International Centre for Neuromorphic Systems, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Emulsified silicone oil is taken up by and induces pro-inflammatory response in primary retinal microglia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:1965-1974. [PMID: 32500303 PMCID: PMC7438289 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Silicone oil is used as endotamponade in combination with vitrectomy. Thinning of retinal layers and loss of retinal cells under silicone oil use have been found. Here, we investigate the influence of silicone oil on primary microglia cells. Methods Primary microglia cells were prepared from the porcine retina. Microglia identity was assessed with Iba1 staining. Silicone oil was emulsified by sonification. Cell morphology and silicone oil uptake were evaluated by light microscopy after Coomassie blue staining. Cytokine secretion was evaluated with ELISA. Toxicity of silicone oil on microglia and toxic effect of silicone oil–treated microglia on neuronal cell line PC12 were evaluated by MTT or WST assay, respectively. Results Microglia took up silicone oil droplets after 72 h of incubation. Silicone oil induced no toxicity but increased the metabolism in microglial cells. In addition, the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, but not of IL-1ß or TNF-α, was induced. Silicone oil–treated microglia did not exert any neurotoxic effect on differentiated PC12 cells but induced an increase in metabolism. Conclusion Emulsified silicone oil changes the activity level of microglia and induces the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. Neurotoxicity is not induced. Further experiments are required to investigate the long-term effect of silicone oil on microglia and their consequent effect on neuronal cells.
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Relationship of prenatal maternal obesity and diabetes to offspring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders: a narrative review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1981-2000. [PMID: 32494038 PMCID: PMC7508672 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes is a worldwide public health problem among women of reproductive age. This narrative review highlights recent epidemiological studies regarding associations of maternal obesity and diabetes with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring, and provides an overview of plausible underlying mechanisms and challenges for future human studies. A comprehensive search strategy selected terms that corresponded to the domains of interest (maternal obesity, different types of diabetes, offspring cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders). The databases searched for articles published between January 2010 and April 2019 were PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL. Evidence from epidemiological studies strongly suggests that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with increased risks for autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive dysfunction with modest effect sizes, and that maternal diabetes is associated with the risk of the former two disorders. The influence of maternal obesity on other psychiatric disorders is less well studied, but there are reports of associations with increased risks for offspring depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and eating disorders, at modest effect sizes. It remains unclear whether these associations are due to intrauterine mechanisms or explained by confounding family-based sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic factors. The plausible underlying mechanisms have been explored primarily in animal models, and are yet to be further investigated in human studies.
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Costa LG, Cole TB, Dao K, Chang YC, Coburn J, Garrick JM. Effects of air pollution on the nervous system and its possible role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107523. [PMID: 32165138 PMCID: PMC7245732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent extensive evidence indicates that air pollution, in addition to causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, may also negatively affect the brain and contribute to central nervous system diseases. Air pollution is comprised of ambient particulate matter (PM) of different sizes, gases, organic compounds, and metals. An important contributor to PM is represented by traffic-related air pollution, mostly ascribed to diesel exhaust (DE). Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that exposure to air pollution may be associated with multiple adverse effects on the central nervous system. In addition to a variety of behavioral abnormalities, the most prominent effects caused by air pollution are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, which are seen in both humans and animals, and are supported by in vitro studies. Among factors which can affect neurotoxic outcomes, age is considered most relevant. Human and animal studies suggest that air pollution may cause developmental neurotoxicity, and may contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. In addition, air pollution exposure has been associated with increased expression of markers of neurodegenerative disease pathologies, such as alpha-synuclein or beta-amyloid, and may thus contribute to the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio G Costa
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Dept. of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
| | - Toby B Cole
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Khoi Dao
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacki Coburn
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Garrick
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) alone or in combination regulate select immune functions of microglia-like cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Aksenova M, Sybrandt J, Cui B, Sikirzhytski V, Ji H, Odhiambo D, Lucius MD, Turner JR, Broude E, Peña E, Lizarraga S, Zhu J, Safro I, Wyatt MD, Shtutman M. Inhibition of the Dead Box RNA Helicase 3 Prevents HIV-1 Tat and Cocaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Microglia Activation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:209-223. [PMID: 31802418 PMCID: PMC8048136 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) is a common and clinically detrimental complication of HIV infection. Viral proteins, including Tat, released from infected cells, cause neuronal toxicity. Substance abuse in HIV-infected patients greatly influences the severity of neuronal damage. To repurpose small molecule inhibitors for anti-HAND therapy, we employed MOLIERE, an AI-based literature mining system that we developed. All human genes were analyzed and prioritized by MOLIERE to find previously unknown targets connected to HAND. From the identified high priority genes, we narrowed the list to those with known small molecule ligands developed for other applications and lacking systemic toxicity in animal models. To validate the AI-based process, the selective small molecule inhibitor of DDX3 helicase activity, RK-33, was chosen and tested for neuroprotective activity. The compound, previously developed for cancer treatment, was tested for the prevention of combined neurotoxicity of HIV Tat and cocaine. Rodent cortical cultures were treated with 6 or 60 ng/ml of HIV Tat and 10 or 25 μM of cocaine, which caused substantial toxicity. RK-33 at doses as low as 1 μM greatly reduced the neurotoxicity of Tat and cocaine. Transcriptome analysis showed that most Tat-activated transcripts are microglia-specific genes and that RK-33 blocks their activation. Treatment with RK-33 inhibits the Tat and cocaine-dependent increase in the number and size of microglia and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-2, IL-1α and IL-1β. These findings reveal that inhibition of DDX3 may have the potential to treat not only HAND but other neurodegenerative diseases. Graphical Abstract RK-33, selective inhibitor of Dead Box RNA helicase 3 (DDX3) protects neurons from combined Tat and cocaine neurotoxicity by inhibition of microglia activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aksenova
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Justin Sybrandt
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Biyun Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Vitali Sikirzhytski
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diana Odhiambo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Matthew D Lucius
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Eugenia Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Edsel Peña
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sofia Lizarraga
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ilya Safro
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 228 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter st, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Sivandzade F, Alqahtani F, Sifat A, Cucullo L. The cerebrovascular and neurological impact of chronic smoking on post-traumatic brain injury outcome and recovery: an in vivo study. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:133. [PMID: 32340626 PMCID: PMC7184717 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most prevalent causes of cerebrovascular and neurological damage worldwide. To this end, tobacco smoke (TS) has been shown to promote vascular inflammation, neurovascular impairments, and risk of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders through oxidative stress (OS) stimuli targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium among others. It has been recently suggested that premorbid conditions such as TS may exacerbate post-TBI brain damage and impact recovery. METHODS Our study investigated the mechanisms underlying the exacerbation of TBI injury by TS using a weight drop model. For this purpose, male C57BL/6J mice, age range 6-8 weeks, were chronically exposed to premorbid TS for 3 weeks. Test animals were then subjected to TBI by guided vertical head weight drop using a 30 g metal weight free felling from an 80 cm distance before reaching the target. We analyzed the physical activity and body weight of the mice before TBI and 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h post-injury. Finally, mice were sacrificed to collect blood and brain samples for subsequent biochemical and molecular analysis. Western blotting was applied to assess the expression of Nrf2 (a critical antioxidant transcription factor) as well as tight junction proteins associated with BBB integrity including ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 from brain tissues homogenates. Levels of NF-kB (a pro-inflammatory transcript factor which antagonizes Nrf2 activity) and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were assessed in blood samples. RESULTS Our data revealed that premorbid TS promoted significantly increased inflammation and loss of BBB integrity in TBI when compared to TS-Free test mice. Additionally, mice chronically exposed to TS before TBI experienced a more significant weight loss, behavioral and motor activity deficiency, and slower post-TBI recovery when compared to TS-free TBI mice. CONCLUSION The effects of premorbid TS appear consequential to the abrogation of physiological antioxidative and anti-inflammatory response to TBI leading to worsening impairments of the BBB, OS damage, and inflammation. These factors are also likely responsible for the retardation of post-traumatic recovery observed in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center | Jerry H. Hodge School of pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center | Jerry H. Hodge School of pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center | Jerry H. Hodge School of pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA
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Khoury ES, Sharma A, Ramireddy RR, Thomas AG, Alt J, Fowler A, Rais R, Tsukamoto T, Blue ME, Slusher B, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Dendrimer-conjugated glutaminase inhibitor selectively targets microglial glutaminase in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5736-5748. [PMID: 32483415 PMCID: PMC7254984 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated glutamate production and release from glial cells is a common feature of many CNS disorders. Inhibitors of glutaminase (GLS), the enzyme responsible for converting glutamine to glutamate have been developed to target glutamate overproduction. However, many GLS inhibitors have poor aqueous solubility, are unable to cross the blood brain barrier, or demonstrate significant toxicity when given systemically, precluding translation. Enhanced aqueous solubility and systemic therapy targeted to activated glia may address this challenge. Here we examine the impact of microglial-targeted GLS inhibition in a mouse model of Rett syndrome (RTT), a developmental disorder with no viable therapies, manifesting profound central nervous system effects, in which elevated glutamatergic tone, upregulation of microglial GLS, oxidative stress and neuroimmune dysregulation are key features. Methods: To enable this, we conjugated a potent glutaminase inhibitor, N-(5-{2-[2-(5-amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-ethylsulfanyl]-ethyl}-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-acetamide (JHU29) to a generation 4 hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimer (D-JHU29). We then examined the effect of D-JHU29 in organotypic slice culture on glutamate release. We also examined GLS activity in microglial and non-microglial cells, and neurobehavioral phenotype after systemic administration of D-JHU29 in a mouse model of RTT. Results: We report successful conjugation of JHU29 to dendrimer resulting in enhanced water solubility compared to free JHU29. D-JHU29 reduced the excessive glutamate release observed in tissue culture slices in a clinically relevant Mecp2-knockout (KO) RTT mouse. Microglia isolated from Mecp2-KO mice demonstrated upregulation of GLS activity that normalized to wild-type levels following systemic treatment with D-JHU29. Neurobehavioral assessments in D-JHU29 treated Mecp2-KO mice revealed selective improvements in mobility. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that glutaminase inhibitors conjugated to dendrimers are a viable mechanism to selectively inhibit microglial GLS to reduce glutamate production and improve mobility in a mouse model of RTT, with broader implications for selectively targeting this pathway in other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Sivandzade F, Alqahtani F, Cucullo L. Traumatic Brain Injury and Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB): Underlying Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Influence of Cigarette Smoking as a Premorbid Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2721. [PMID: 32295258 PMCID: PMC7215684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most pressing global health issues and prevalent causes of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders all over the world. In addition to the brain injury, TBI may also alter the systemic immune response. Thus, TBI patients become vulnerable to infections, have worse neurological outcomes, and exhibit a higher rate of mortality and morbidity. It is well established that brain injury leads to impairments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function, contributing to the loss of neural tissue and affecting the response to neuroprotective drugs. Thus, stabilization/protection of the BBB after TBI could be a promising strategy to limit neuronal inflammation, secondary brain damage, and acute neurodegeneration. Herein, we present a review highlighting the significant post-traumatic effects of TBI on the cerebrovascular system. These include the loss of BBB integrity and selective permeability, impact on BBB transport mechanisms, post-traumatic cerebral edema formation, and significant pathophysiological factors that may further exacerbate post-traumatic BBB dysfunctions. Furthermore, we discuss the post-traumatic impacts of chronic smoking, which has been recently shown to act as a premorbid condition that impairs post-TBI recovery. Indeed, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with TBI damage is essential to better understand the pathogenesis and progression of post-traumatic secondary brain injury and the development of targeted treatments to improve outcomes and speed up the recovery process. Therapies aimed at restoring/protecting the BBB may reduce the post-traumatic burden of TBI by minimizing the impairment of brain homeostasis and help to restore an optimal microenvironment to support neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Cazuza RA, Santos-Júnior NN, da Costa LHA, Catalão CHR, Mendes-Gomes J, da Rocha MJA, Leite-Panissi CRA. Sepsis-induced encephalopathy impairs descending nociceptive pathways in rats. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 342:577198. [PMID: 32120082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a significant problem in patients with sepsis, and it is associated with a decrease in cognitive and sensitivity capability induced by systemic inflammation. SAE is implicated in reversible brain damage of several regions related to cognition, emotion, and sensation; however, it is not well established if it could affect brain regions associated with nociceptive modulation. Here were evaluated the nociceptive thresholds in rats with systemic inflammation induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). After 24 h of CLP, it was observed an increase in nociceptive threshold in all tests. Periaqueductal gray, rostroventral medulla, critical regions for descending nociceptive modulation, were evaluated and showed enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as glial activation. These results suggest that systemic inflammation could compromise descending facilitatory pathways, impairing nociceptive sensory functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alves Cazuza
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nascimento Santos-Júnior
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Angenendt da Costa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil; UNIFADRA-FUNDEC Medical School, Dracena 17900-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Alves da Rocha
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil.
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Al-Hakeim HK, Almulla AF, Maes M. The Neuroimmune and Neurotoxic Fingerprint of Major Neurocognitive Psychosis or Deficit Schizophrenia: a Supervised Machine Learning Study. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:753-771. [PMID: 31916129 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
No studies have examined the immune fingerprint of major neurocognitive psychosis (MNP) or deficit schizophrenia using M1 macrophage cytokines in combination with chemokines such as CCL2 and CCL11. The present study delineated the neuroimmune fingerprint of MNP by analyzing plasma levels of IL-1β, sIL-1RA, TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, CCL2, and CCL11 in 120 MNP versus 54 healthy controls in association with neurocognitive scores (as assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) and PHEMN (psychotic, hostility, excitation, mannerism and negative) symptoms. MNP was best predicted by a combination of CCL11, TNFα, IL-1β, and sIL-1RA which yielded a bootstrapped (n = 2000) area under the receiver operating curve of 0.985. Composite scores reflecting M1 macrophage activity and neurotoxic potential including effects of CCL11 and CCL2 were significantly increased in MNP. A large part of the variance in PHEM (38.4-52.6%) and negative (65.8-74.4%) symptoms were explained by combinations of immune markers whereby CCL11 was the most important. The same markers explained a large part of the variance in the Mini-Mental State examination, list learning, digit sequencing task, category instances, controlled word association, symbol coding, and Tower of London. Partial least squares analysis showed that 72.7% of the variance in overall severity of schizophrenia was explained by the regression on IL-1β, sIL-1RA, CCL11, TNFα, and education. It is concluded that the combination of the abovementioned markers defines MNP as a distinct neuroimmune disorder and that increased immune neurotoxicity determines memory and executive impairments and PHEMN symptoms as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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Charles-Messance H, Blot G, Couturier A, Vignaud L, Touhami S, Beguier F, Siqueiros L, Forster V, Barmo N, Augustin S, Picaud S, Sahel JA, Rendon A, Grosche A, Tadayoni R, Sennlaub F, Guillonneau X. IL-1β induces rod degeneration through the disruption of retinal glutamate homeostasis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:1. [PMID: 31900165 PMCID: PMC6942287 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration is characterized by the accumulation of subretinal macrophages and the degeneration of cones, but mainly of rods. We have previously shown that Mononuclear Phagocytes-derived IL-1β induces rod photoreceptor cell death during experimental subretinal inflammation and in retinal explants exposed to IL-1β but the mechanism is unknown. METHODS Retinal explants were culture in the presence of human monocytes or IL-1β and photoreceptor cell survival was analyzed by TUNEL labeling. Glutamate concentration and transcription levels of gene involved in the homeostasis of glutamate were analyzed in cell fractions of explant cultured or not in the presence of IL-1β. Glutamate receptor antagonists were evaluated for their ability to reduce photoreceptor cell death in the presence of IL1-β or monocytes. RESULTS We here show that IL-1β does not induce death in isolated photoreceptors, suggesting an indirect effect. We demonstrate that IL-1β leads to glutamate-induced rod photoreceptor cell death as it increases the extracellular glutamate concentrations in the retina through the inhibition of its conversion to glutamine in Müller cells, increased release from Müller cells, and diminished reuptake. The inhibition of non-NMDA receptors completely and efficiently prevented rod apoptosis in retinal explants cultured in the presence of IL-1β or, more importantly, in vivo, in a model of subretinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the importance of inflammation in the deregulation of glutamate homeostasis and provides a comprehensive mechanism of action for IL-1β-induced rod degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Charles-Messance
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Aude Couturier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Vignaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sara Touhami
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Beguier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Lourdes Siqueiros
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Forster
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Nour Barmo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Augustin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alvaro Rendon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 9, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ramin Tadayoni
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Guillonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
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123
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Fiery Cell Death: Pyroptosis in the Central Nervous System. Trends Neurosci 2019; 43:55-73. [PMID: 31843293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis ('fiery death') is an inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD), which occurs downstream of inflammasome activation. Pyroptosis is mediated directly by the recently identified family of pore-forming proteins known as gasdermins, the best characterized of which is gasdermin D (GSDMD). Recent investigations implicate pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms that drive pyroptosis, evidence for pyroptosis within the CNS, and emerging therapeutic strategies for its inhibition in the context of neurological disease.
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124
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Ye Q, Hai K, Liu W, Wang Y, Zhou X, Ye Z, Liu X. Investigation of the protective effect of heparin pre-treatment on cerebral ischaemia in gerbils. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:519-528. [PMID: 31401926 PMCID: PMC6713203 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1648524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: The interruption of cerebral blood circulation may cause stroke characterized by high neurological deficits (NDs) as a result of neuronal dysfunction or destruction. Heparin may exert a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of heparin pre-treatment on cerebral injury in the gerbil. Materials and methods: A total of 80 healthy Mongolian gerbils were randomly divided into four groups to establish cerebral ischaemia model by bilateral carotid artery occlusion: control (no anaesthesia and surgery), sham (no occlusion), non-anticoagulation (occlusion), and anti-coagulation treatment groups (50 IU/100 g heparin pre-treated, occlusion). Gerbils were anesthetized with 40 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium through intraperitoneal injection before operation except for the control group. Then, the ND and histopathological damage (HD) scores were determined. The percentage of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α- and interleukin (IL)-1β-positive cells were calculated based on immunohistochemical results. The mRNA and protein levels of caspase-9, caspase-8, FasL, and calpain were evaluated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Results: Compared with non-anticoagulation group, heparin pre-treatment (50 IU/100 g) delayed the onset of dyspnoea (p < 0.05), and showed a significant decrease in ND (p < 0.01), mortality rate (p < 0.05), HD (p < 0.01) and percentage of positive cells for TNF-α, IL-1β (p < 0.01) in cerebral ischaemia gerbils. Besides, the expression levels of caspase-9, caspase-8, FasL, and calpain were reduced after pre-treatment with 50 IU/100 g heparin. Discussion and conclusions: The damage caused to gerbil brain was reduced upon pre-treatment with heparin, possibly through the amelioration of neuronal cell apoptosis and expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings are expected to provide a new breakthrough in the study and treatment of cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingShan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University (People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - KeRong Hai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University (People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - WenXun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University (People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University (People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University (People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - ZhenHai Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University (People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University (People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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125
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Webers A, Heneka MT, Gleeson PA. The role of innate immune responses and neuroinflammation in amyloid accumulation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 98:28-41. [PMID: 31654430 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, tau pathology and neuroinflammation. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the role of neuroinflammation in directly contributing to the progression of AD. Studies in mice and humans have identified a role for microglial cells, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, in AD. Activated microglia are a key hallmark of the disease and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by microglia may result in a positive feedback loop between neurons and microglia, resulting in ongoing low-grade inflammation. Traditionally, the pathways of Aβ production and neuroinflammation have been considered independently; however, recent studies suggest that these processes may converge to promote the pathology associated with AD. Here we review the importance of inflammation and microglia in AD development and effects of inflammatory responses on cellular pathways of neurons, including Aβ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Webers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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126
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Features of Food Hypersensitivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2019. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2019-4.5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) continues to increase in the children’s population. However, the pathogenesis of autism remains controversial.The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the elimination nutritional approaches to the dynamics of indicators of food hypersensitivity, the balance of interleukins and psychophysiological parameters in children with ASD.Methods. A prospective cohort study of children aged 7 ± 2 years, healthy and diagnosed with ASD was performed. Determination of specific immunoglobulin concentrations to 111 food antigens and interleukins was measured by ELISA. Psychophysiological indicators of communicative competence in children with ASD were evaluated in the ATEC-test.Results. It was established that in children with ASD (n = 69), the frequency of occurrence of food hypersensitivity and indicators of specific sIgG concentrations to food antigens of dairy and grain products are higher (р < 0.05). A direct correlation was found between the concentration of INFγ, IgG concentrations to antigens of dairy, grain products and C. albicans. High ratios of the INFγ/IL4 and INFγ/IL10 ratios (p < 0.05) were revealed. As a result of compliance with the elimination diet was noted significant decrease in the concentration of sIgG to food antigens, sIgG to C. albicans, changes indicators following the results of ATEC testing.The data obtained revealed the unexplored effects the influence of specific food hypersensitivity on the process of initiation and maintenance of immune inflammation, as well as on the communicative competence in pathological conditions. A personalized elimination diet can improve the immunorehabilitation and the quality of life of children with autism.
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127
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Evran S, Calis F, Akkaya E, Baran O, Cevik S, Katar S, Gurevin EG, Hanimoglu H, Hatiboglu MA, Armutak EI, Karatas E, Kocyigit A, Kaynar MY. The effect of high mobility group box-1 protein on cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress and apoptosis in an experimental traumatic brain injury model. Brain Res Bull 2019; 154:68-80. [PMID: 31715313 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the important reason of morbidity and mortality. While the primary injury due to mechanical impact is unavoidable, the secondary injury which is formed as a result of primary injury and thought to occur due to neuroinflammation in the forefront can be prevented and by this way mortality and morbidity can be reduced. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a protein that triggers the neuroinflammatory process by being released from the nucleus of necrotic tissues after primary injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of HMGB1 on its receptors TLR4 and RAGE, cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress and apoptosis causing secondary damage in an experimental traumatic brain injury model. Weighing between 280-320 g, 10 to 12 weeks-old, a total of 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiments. The rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) Control, 2) TBI and 3) TBI + ethyl pyruvate group (n = 10 per group). Right parietal cortical contusion was made by using a weight-dropping TBI method. Brain samples were harvested from pericontusional area at 24 h after TBI. HMGB1, TLR4, RAGE, occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1 levels are investigated by western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry examinations. HMGB-1, TLR4 and RAGE expressions increased after TBI. Major tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier: occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1 expressions decreased after TBI. Brain edema increased after TBI. Also, proapoptotic bax and active caspase 3 expressions increased, antiapoptotic bcl-2 levels decreased after TBI. Total oxidant status and oxidative stress increased, total antioxidant status decreased after TBI. HMGB-1 protein plays a key role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Evran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Calis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enes Akkaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Baran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Cevik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Katar
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diyarbakir State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gurel Gurevin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Hanimoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilkay Armutak
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karatas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yasar Kaynar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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128
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Pérez PS, Romaniuk MA, Duette GA, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Martin-Jaular L, Witwer KW, Théry C, Ostrowski M. Extracellular vesicles and chronic inflammation during HIV infection. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1687275. [PMID: 31998449 PMCID: PMC6963413 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1687275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of HIV infection. Among the multiple stimuli that can induce inflammation in untreated infection, ongoing viral replication is a primary driver. After initiation of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV replication is drastically reduced or halted. However, even virologically controlled patients may continue to have abnormal levels of inflammation. A number of factors have been proposed to cause inflammation in HIV infection: among others, residual (low-level) HIV replication, production of HIV protein or RNA in the absence of replication, microbial translocation from the gut to the circulation, co-infections, and loss of immunoregulatory responses. Importantly, chronic inflammation in HIV-infected individuals increases the risk for a number of non-infectious co-morbidities, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HIV-associated inflammation in the presence of cART is of utmost importance. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as novel actors in intercellular communication, involved in a myriad of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, with particular emphasis on their role as inducers of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Soledad Pérez
- Instituto INBIRS, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gabriel A. Duette
- Instituto INBIRS, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zezhou Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorena Martin-Jaular
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clotilde Théry
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Matías Ostrowski
- Instituto INBIRS, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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129
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Blaker AL, Moore ER, Yamamoto BK. Serial exposure to ethanol drinking and methamphetamine enhances glutamate excitotoxicity. J Neurochem 2019; 151:749-763. [PMID: 31478210 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A significant comorbidity exists between alcohol and methamphetamine (Meth) abuse but the neurochemical consequences of this co-abuse are unknown. Alcohol and Meth independently and differentially affect glutamatergic transmission but the unique effects of their serial exposure on glutamate signaling in mediating damage to dopamine neurons are unknown. Sprague-Dawley rats had intermittent voluntary access to 10% ethanol (EtOH) every other day and water over 28 days and were then administered a binge injection regimen of Meth or saline. EtOH drinking decreased the glutamate aspartate transporter and increased basal extracellular concentrations of glutamate within the striatum when measured after the last day of drinking. Ceftriaxone is known to increase the expression and/or activity of glutamate transporters in the brain and prevented both the decreases in glutamate aspartate transporter and the increases in basal extracellular glutamate when administered during EtOH drinking. EtOH drinking also exacerbated the acute increases in extracellular glutamate observed upon Meth exposure, the subsequent increases in spectrin proteolysis, and the long-term decreases in dopamine content in the striatum, all of which were attenuated by ceftriaxone administration during EtOH drinking only. These results implicate EtOH-induced increases in extracellular glutamate and corresponding decreases in glutamate uptake as mechanisms that contribute to the vulnerability produced by EtOH drinking and the unique neurotoxicity observed after serial exposure to Meth that is not observed with either drug alone. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Blaker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Moore
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan K Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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130
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Bollinger J, Wohleb E. The formative role of microglia in stress-induced synaptic deficits and associated behavioral consequences. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134369. [PMID: 31422099 PMCID: PMC9875737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress can precipitate depression, and emerging preclinical data suggest a link between stress-induced alterations in microglia function and development of depressive-like behaviors. Microglia are highly dynamic, and play an integral role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. In this capacity, microglial dysfunction represents a compelling avenue through which stress might disrupt neuronal integrity and induce psychopathology. This review examines preclinical and clinical postmortem findings that indicate microglia-neuron interactions contribute to stress-induced synaptic deficits and associated behavioral and cognitive consequences. We focus on pathways that are implicated in microglia-mediated neuronal remodeling, including CSF1-CSF1R, CX3CL1-CX3CR1, and CD11b (CR3)-C3, as well as purinergic signaling via P2RX7 and P2RY12. We also highlight sex differences in stress effects on microglia, and the potential for microglia in the development of sex-specific treatments for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E.S. Wohleb
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA. (E.S. Wohleb)
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131
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Wu MM, Zhang X, Asher MJ, Thayer SA. Druggable targets of the endocannabinoid system: Implications for the treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146467. [PMID: 31539547 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects nearly half of all HIV-infected individuals. Synaptodendritic damage correlates with neurocognitive decline in HAND, and many studies have demonstrated that HIV-induced neuronal injury results from excitotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system provides on-demand protection against excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Here, we discuss evidence of the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of the eCB system from in vitro and in vivo studies. We examine the pharmacology of the eCB system and evaluate the therapeutic potential of drugs that modulate eCB signaling to treat HAND. Finally, we provide perspective on the need for additional studies to clarify the role of the eCB system in HIV neurotoxicity and speculate that strategies that enhance eCB signaling might slow cognitive decline in HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah M Wu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Melissa J Asher
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Stanley A Thayer
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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132
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Astrocytes in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Star-shaped cells illuminating the darkness of CNS autoimmunity. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:10-24. [PMID: 31125711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathology in the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be mediated by autoreactive leukocytes, such as T cells, B cells, and macrophages. However, the inflammation and tissue damage in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is also critically regulated by astrocytes, the most abundant cell population in the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, astrocytes are integral to the development and function of the CNS, whereas in CNS autoimmunity, astrocytes influence the pathogenesis, progression, and recovery of the diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in astrocytic functions in the context of MS and EAE, which are categorized into two opposite aspects, one being detrimental and the other beneficial. Inhibition of the detrimental functions and/or enhancement of the beneficial functions of astrocytes might be favorable for the treatment of MS.
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133
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Milewski K, Bogacińska-Karaś M, Hilgier W, Albrecht J, Zielińska M. TNFα increases STAT3-mediated expression of glutaminase isoform KGA in cultured rat astrocytes. Cytokine 2019; 123:154774. [PMID: 31344597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate related excitotoxicity and excess of cerebral levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are interrelated and well documented abnormalities noticed in many central nervous system diseases. Contribution of kidney type glutaminase (KGA) and shorter alternative splicing form (GAC) to glutamine degradation in astrocytes has been recently a matter of dispute and extensive study but the regulation of the GLS isoforms by inflammatory factors is still not well known. Here we show that treatment of cultured rat cortical astrocytes with pathophysiologically relevant (50 ng/ml) concentration of TNFα specifically increases the expression of KGA but not GAC and increases activity of GLS. No changes in the expression of either of two GLS isoforms were observed following treatment with other tested cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The TNFα mediated KGA expression was associated with increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Stimulatory effect of TNF-α on KGA expression was reduced by selective inhibition of (STAT3) but not by inhibition of STAT1 nor nuclear transcription factor kappa. Additionally, the role of miRNA in TNFα-induced expression of KGA in astrocytes was excluded, since the expression of miR-23a/b and miR-200c, potential regulators of KGA expression, was unchanged. This study documents increased KGA expression in the astrocytes under inflammatory stimulation, identifying TNFα as a cytokine mediating this response, and demonstrates the specific and selective involvement of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Milewski
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bogacińska-Karaś
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hilgier
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Albrecht
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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134
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França MER, Ramos RKLG, Oliveira WH, Duarte-Silva E, Araújo SMR, Lós DB, Peixoto CA. Tadalafil restores long-term memory and synaptic plasticity in mice with hepatic encephalopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114673. [PMID: 31323263 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tadalafil displays important neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases, however its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the action of Tadalafil on learning and memory, neuroinflammation, glial cell activation and neuroprotection in the experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) induced by Thioacetamide (TAA) in mice. METHODS Mice received intraperitoneal injections of TAA, for 3 consecutive days, reaching the final dose of 600 mg/kg. Tadalafil 15 mg/kg body weight was administered by gavage during 15 days after TAA induction. Mice underwent a Barnes maze for learning and memory evaluation. RESULTS Animals with hepatic encephalopathy showed reduced learning and spatial memory in the Barnes Maze, presented astrocyte and microglia activation and increased neuroinflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, p-p38, p-ERK and p-NF-kB. In addition, the signaling pathway PKA/PKG/CREB/BDNF/NeuN/synaptophysin and glutamate receptors were deregulated by TAA. Tadalafil treatment regulated the inflammation signaling pathways restoring learning and spatial memory. CONCLUSION Tadalafil significantly reduced neuroinflammation, promoted neuroprotection and plasticity, regulated the expression of hippocampal glutamate receptor and restored spatial learning ability and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Rocha França
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Wilma Helena Oliveira
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/ Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Shyrlene Meyre Rocha Araújo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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135
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Morin-Brureau M, Milior G, Royer J, Chali F, Le Duigou C, Savary E, Blugeon C, Jourdren L, Akbar D, Dupont S, Navarro V, Baulac M, Bielle F, Mathon B, Clemenceau S, Miles R. Microglial phenotypes in the human epileptic temporal lobe. Brain 2019; 141:3343-3360. [PMID: 30462183 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, are highly plastic and possess multiple functional phenotypes. Differences in phenotype in different regions and different states of epileptic human brain have been little studied. Here we use transcriptomics, anatomy, imaging of living cells and ELISA measurements of cytokine release to examine microglia from patients with temporal lobe epilepsies. Two distinct microglial phenotypes were explored. First we asked how microglial phenotype differs between regions of high and low neuronal loss in the same brain. Second, we asked how microglial phenotype is changed by a recent seizure. In sclerotic areas with few neurons, microglia have an amoeboid rather than ramified shape, express activation markers and respond faster to purinergic stimuli. The repairing interleukin, IL-10, regulates the basal phenotype of microglia in the CA1 and CA3 regions with neuronal loss and gliosis. To understand changes in phenotype induced by a seizure, we estimated the delay from the last seizure until tissue collection from changes in reads for immediate early gene transcripts. Pseudotime ordering of these data was validated by comparison with results from kainate-treated mice. It revealed a local and transient phenotype in which microglia secrete the human interleukin CXCL8, IL-1B and other cytokines. This secretory response is mediated in part via the NRLP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Giampaolo Milior
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Royer
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Farah Chali
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Duigou
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Savary
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École normale supérieure (IBENS), Plateforme Génomique, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École normale supérieure (IBENS), Plateforme Génomique, Paris, France
| | - David Akbar
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Dupont
- AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit (VN, MB, SD), Neuropathologie (FB), Neurochirurgie (BM, SC), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit (VN, MB, SD), Neuropathologie (FB), Neurochirurgie (BM, SC), Paris, France
| | - Michel Baulac
- AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit (VN, MB, SD), Neuropathologie (FB), Neurochirurgie (BM, SC), Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit (VN, MB, SD), Neuropathologie (FB), Neurochirurgie (BM, SC), Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Mathon
- AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit (VN, MB, SD), Neuropathologie (FB), Neurochirurgie (BM, SC), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Clemenceau
- AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit (VN, MB, SD), Neuropathologie (FB), Neurochirurgie (BM, SC), Paris, France
| | - Richard Miles
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
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136
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Gao G, Zhao S, Xia X, Li C, Li C, Ji C, Sheng S, Tang Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zheng JC. Glutaminase C Regulates Microglial Activation and Pro-inflammatory Exosome Release: Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:264. [PMID: 31316350 PMCID: PMC6611423 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation is a key pathogenic process at the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identifying regulators of microglial activation bears great potential in elucidating causes and mechanisms of AD and determining candidates for early intervention. Previous studies demonstrate abnormal elevation of glutaminase C (GAC) in HIV-infected or immune-activated microglia. However, whether GAC elevation causes microglial activation remains unknown. In this study, we found heightened expression levels of GAC in early AD mouse brain tissues compared with those in control littermates. Investigations on an in vitro neuroinflammation model revealed that GAC is increased in primary mouse microglia following pro-inflammatory stimulation. To model GAC elevation we overexpressed GAC by plasmid transfection and observed that GAC-overexpression shift the microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state. Treatment with BPTES, a glutaminase inhibitor, reversed LPS-induced microglial activation and inflammation. Furthermore, we discovered that GAC overexpression in mouse microglia increased exosome release and changed exosome content, which includes specific packaging of pro-inflammatory miRNAs that activate microglia. Together, our results demonstrate a causal effect of GAC elevation on microglial activation and exosome release, both of which promote the establishment of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Therefore, GAC may have important relevance to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhui Ji
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shiyang Sheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalin Tang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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137
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Effects of a combinatorial treatment with gene and cell therapy on retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal outgrowth after optic nerve injury. Gene Ther 2019; 27:27-39. [PMID: 31243393 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
After an injury, axons in the central nervous system do not regenerate over large distances and permanently lose their connections to the brain. Two promising approaches to correct this condition are cell and gene therapies. In the present work, we evaluated the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene therapy alone and combined with human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy after optic nerve injury by analysis of retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal outgrowth. Overexpression of PEDF by intravitreal delivery of AAV2 vector significantly increased Tuj1-positive cells survival and modulated FGF-2, IL-1ß, Iba-1, and GFAP immunostaining in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) at 4 weeks after optic nerve crush, although it could not promote axonal outgrowth. The combination of AAV2.PEDF and hMSC therapy showed a higher number of Tuj1-positive cells and a pronounced axonal outgrowth than unimodal therapy after optic nerve crush. In summary, our results highlight a synergistic effect of combined gene and cell therapy relevant for future therapeutic interventions regarding optic nerve injury.
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138
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Swinton MK, Carson A, Telese F, Sanchez AB, Soontornniyomkij B, Rad L, Batki I, Quintanilla B, Pérez-Santiago J, Achim CL, Letendre S, Ellis RJ, Grant I, Murphy AN, Fields JA. Mitochondrial biogenesis is altered in HIV+ brains exposed to ART: Implications for therapeutic targeting of astroglia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104502. [PMID: 31238091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropathogenesis of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) involves disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and increased neuroinflammation. However, it is unknown if alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain underlie the neuropathogenesis of HAND. In this study, neuropathological and molecular analyses of mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammatory pathways were performed in brain specimens from a well-characterized cohort of HIV+ cases that were on antiretroviral regimens. In vitro investigations using primary human astroglia and neurons were used to probe the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial alterations. In frontal cortices from HAND brains compared to cognitive normal brains, total levels of transcription factors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM) were decreased. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that TFAM was decreased in neurons and increased in astroglia. These changes were accompanied by decreased total mitochondrial DNA per cell and increased levels of messenger RNA for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. To determine how IL-1β affects astroglial bioenergetic processes and mitochondrial activity, human astroglial cultures were exposed to recombinant IL-1β. IL-1β induced mitochondrial activity within 30 min of treatment, altered mitochondrial related gene expression, altered mitochondrial morphology, enhanced adenoside triphosphate (ATP) utilization and increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. WIN55,212-2 (WIN), an aminoalkylindole derivative and cannabinoid receptor agonist, blocked IL-1β-induced bioenergetic fluctuations and inflammatory gene expression in astroglia independent of cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. A PPARα antagonist reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of WIN in human astroglia. These results show that mitochondrial biogenesis is differentially regulated in neurons and astroglia in HAND brains and that targeting astroglial bioenergetic processes may be a strategy to modulate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Swinton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aliyah Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana B Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Leila Rad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Batki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brandi Quintanilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Cristian L Achim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Letendre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerel Adam Fields
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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139
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Nedelcovych MT, Kim BH, Zhu X, Lovell LE, Manning AA, Kelschenbach J, Hadas E, Chao W, Prchalová E, Dash RP, Wu Y, Alt J, Thomas AG, Rais R, Kamiya A, Volsky DJ, Slusher BS. Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Normalizes Aberrant Glutamate Production and Cognitive Deficits in the EcoHIV Murine Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:391-400. [PMID: 31209775 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been linked to dysregulation of glutamate metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) culminating in elevated extracellular glutamate and disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission. Increased glutamate synthesis via upregulation of glutaminase (GLS) activity in brain immune cells has been identified as one potential source of excess glutamate in HAND. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis in an animal model is lacking, and the viability of GLS as a drug target has not been explored. In this brief report, we demonstrate that GLS inhibition with the glutamine analogue 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) can reverse cognitive impairment in the EcoHIV-infected mouse model of HAND. However, due to peripheral toxicity DON is not amenable to clinical use in a chronic disease such as HAND. We thus tested JHU083, a novel, brain penetrant DON prodrug predicted to exhibit improved tolerability. Systemic administration of JHU083 reversed cognitive impairment in EcoHIV-infected mice similarly to DON, and simultaneously normalized EcoHIV-induced increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate and GLS activity in microglia-enriched brain CD11b + cells without observed toxicity. These studies support the mechanistic involvement of elevated microglial GLS activity in HAND pathogenesis, and identify JHU083 as a potential treatment option. Graphical Abstract Please provide Graphical Abstract caption.Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Normalizes Aberrant Glutamate Production and Cognitive Deficits in the EcoHIV Murine Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Nedelcovych
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lyndah E Lovell
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arena A Manning
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eran Hadas
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eva Prchalová
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ranjeet P Dash
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg Building Floor 21, Room 42, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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140
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Sex-specific maternofetal innate immune responses triggered by group B Streptococci. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8587. [PMID: 31197179 PMCID: PMC6565749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated in human chorioamnionitis, which is a major risk factor for premature birth and brain injuries. Males are at greater risk than females for developing lifelong neurobehavioural disorders, although the origins of this sex bias remain poorly understood. We previously showed that end-gestational inflammation triggered by GBS led to early neurodevelopmental impairments mainly in the male rat progeny. Identifying key inflammatory players involved in maternofetal immune activation by specific pathogens is critical to develop appropriate novel therapeutic interventions. We aimed to map out the GBS-induced profile of innate immune biomarkers in the maternal-placental-fetal axis, and to compare this immune profile between male and female tissues. We describe here that the GBS-induced immune signalling involved significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1/CXCL1) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) infiltration in male compared to female maternofetal tissues. Although male - but not female - fetuses presented increased levels of IL-1β, fetuses from both sexes in-utero exposed to GBS had increased levels of TNF-α in their circulation. Levels of IL-1β detected in fetal sera correlated positively with the levels found in maternal circulation. Here, we report for the first time that the maternofetal innate immune signalling induced by GBS presents a sexually dichotomous profile, with more prominent inflammation in males than females. These sex-specific placental and fetal pro-inflammatory responses are in keeping with the higher susceptibility of the male population for preterm birth, brain injuries and neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders.
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141
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Zhao R, Li Y, Gorantla S, Poluektova LY, Lin H, Gao F, Wang H, Zhao J, Zheng JC, Huang Y. Small molecule ONC201 inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages via FOXO3a and TRAIL. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:134-145. [PMID: 31158413 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), eradication of HIV-1 from brain reservoirs remains elusive. HIV-1 brain reservoirs include perivascular macrophages that are behind the blood-brain barrier and difficult to access by ART. Macrophages express transcription factor FOXO3a and the TNF superfamily cytokine TRAIL, which are known to target HIV-1-infected macrophages for viral inhibition. ONC201 is a novel and potent FOXO3a activator capable of inducing TRAIL. It can cross the blood-brain barrier, and has shown antitumor effects in clinical trials. We hypothesized that activation of FOXO3a/TRAIL by ONC201 will inhibit HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Using primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, we demonstrated that ONC201 dose-dependently decreased replication levels of both HIV-1 laboratory strain and primary strains as determined by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity assay. Consistent with data on HIV-1 replication, ONC201 also reduced intracellular and extracellular p24, viral RNA, and integrated HIV-1 DNA in infected macrophages. Blocking TRAIL or knockdown of FOXO3a with siRNA reversed ONC201-mediated HIV-1 suppression, suggesting that ONC201 inhibits HIV-1 through FOXO3a and TRAIL. The anti-HIV-1 effect of ONC201 was further validated in vivo in NOD/scid-IL-2Rgcnull mice. After intracranial injection of HIV-1-infected macrophages into the basal ganglia, we treated the mice daily with ONC201 through intraperitoneal injection for six days. ONC201 significantly decreased p24 levels in both the macrophages and the brain tissues, suggesting that ONC201 suppresses HIV-1 in vivo. Therefore, ONC201 can be a promising drug candidate to combat persistent HIV-1 infection in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Yuju Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengtong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Jeffrey Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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142
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Zhang B, Wang PP, Hu KL, Li LN, Yu X, Lu Y, Chang HS. Antidepressant-Like Effect and Mechanism of Action of Honokiol on the Mouse Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Depression Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112035. [PMID: 31141940 PMCID: PMC6600641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that neuroinflammation is closely linked to depression. Honokiol, a biologically active substance extracted from Magnolia officinalis, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to exert significant anti-inflammatory effects and improve depression-like behavior caused by inflammation. However, the specific mechanism of action of this activity is still unclear. In this study, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mouse model was used to study the effect of honokiol on depression-like behavior induced by LPS in mice and its potential mechanism. A single administration of LPS (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) increased the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), without affecting autonomous activity. Pretreatment with honokiol (10 mg/kg, oral administration) for 11 consecutive days significantly improved the immobility time of depressed mice in the FST and TST experiments. Moreover, honokiol ameliorated LPS-induced NF-κB activation in the hippocampus and significantly reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). In addition, honokiol inhibited LPS-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation and quinolinic acid (a toxic product) increase and reduced the level of free calcium in brain tissue, thereby inhibiting calcium overload. In summary, our results indicate that the anti-depressant-like effects of honokiol are mediated by its anti-inflammatory effects. Honokiol may inhibit the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory response through the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the levels of related pro-inflammatory cytokines, and furthermore, this may affect tryptophan metabolism and increase neuroprotective metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Kai-Li Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Li-Na Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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143
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Li L, Shu MQ, Chen J. CYLD deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis in astrocytes of mice with sepsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1066-1073. [PMID: 31097224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome occurring in patients following infection or injury, and is a leading cause of mortality in the world. However, the pathogenesis that contributes to sepsis and its associated brain injury is still unclear. Cylindromatosis (CYLD) is integrally involved in various physiological processes, such as immune responses, inflammation and cell cycle control. In the study, in vitro and in vivo models with sepsis by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were performed to investigate the role of CYLD in inflammasome and its related astrocyte (AST) pyroptosis. The in vitro results suggested that LPS treatment significantly resulted in inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in AST. CYLD expression was progressively degraded upon LPS incubation in AST. Importantly, CYLD knockout (KO) could further promote pyroptosis and accelerate histone release in LPS-stimulated AST. In addition, the in vivo experiments suggested that LPS treatment in mice enhanced Caspase-1 immunoreactivity and resulted in high expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in hippocampus tissue samples, which were markedly exacerbated by CYLD knockout. Moreover, mice with CYLD deficiency exhibited higher mortality rate induced by LPS treatment. In conclusion, these findings suggested that CYLD decrease might accelerate astrocyte activity by promoting pyroptosis to promote sepsis-associated brain injury, and CYLD might be a potential therapeutic target for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Inpatient Ward 2, The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Mang-Qiao Shu
- Psychosomatic Department, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, 710016, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Psychiatry Department, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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144
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Pido-Lopez J, Tanudjojo B, Farag S, Bondulich MK, Andre R, Tabrizi SJ, Bates GP. Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor alpha in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease by etanercept treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7202. [PMID: 31076648 PMCID: PMC6510744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which results in a mutant protein with an extended polyglutamine tract. Inflammation occurs in both the brain and the periphery of HD patients and mouse models, with increases in brain and/or plasma levels of neurotoxic TNFα and several other proinflammatory cytokines. TNFα promotes the generation of many of these cytokines, such as IL6, which raises the possibility that TNFα is central to the inflammatory milieu associated with HD. A number of mouse studies have reported that the suppression of chronic immune activation during HD has beneficial consequences. Here, we investigated whether TNFα contributes to the peripheral inflammation that occurs in the R6/2 mouse model, and whether the in vivo blockade of TNFα, via etanercept treatment, can modify disease progression. We found that etanercept treatment normalised the elevated plasma levels of some cytokines. This did not modify the progression of certain behavioural measures, but slightly ameliorated brain weight loss, possibly related to a reduction in the elevated striatal level of soluble TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pido-Lopez
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Benedict Tanudjojo
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sahar Farag
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marie-Katrin Bondulich
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ralph Andre
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sarah J Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gillian P Bates
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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145
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Glotfelty EJ, Delgado TE, Tovar-y-Romo LB, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Olson L, Karlsson TE, Mattson MP, Harvey BK, Tweedie D, Li Y, Greig NH. Incretin Mimetics as Rational Candidates for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:66-91. [PMID: 31396586 PMCID: PMC6687335 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming an increasing public health issue. With an annually estimated 1.7 million TBIs in the United States (U.S) and nearly 70 million worldwide, the injury, isolated or compounded with others, is a major cause of short- and long-term disability and mortality. This, along with no specific treatment, has made exploration of TBI therapies a priority of the health system. Age and sex differences create a spectrum of vulnerability to TBI, with highest prevalence among younger and older populations. Increased public interest in the long-term effects and prevention of TBI have recently reached peaks, with media attention bringing heightened awareness to sport and war related head injuries. Along with short-term issues, TBI can increase the likelihood for development of long-term neurodegenerative disorders. A growing body of literature supports the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon (Gcg) receptor (R) agonists, along with unimolecular combinations of these therapies, for their potent neurotrophic/neuroprotective activities across a variety of cellular and animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and acute cerebrovascular disorders (stroke). Mild or moderate TBI shares many of the hallmarks of these conditions; recent work provides evidence that use of these compounds is an effective strategy for its treatment. Safety and efficacy of many incretin-based therapies (GLP-1 and GIP) have been demonstrated in humans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), making these compounds ideal for rapid evaluation in clinical trials of mild and moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Glotfelty
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E. Delgado
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo
- Division
of Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yu Luo
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Lars Olson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mark P. Mattson
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Brandon K. Harvey
- Molecular
Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience
Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse,
National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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146
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Okuzono S, Fukai R, Noda M, Miyake N, Lee S, Kaku N, Sanefuji M, Akamine S, Kanno S, Ishizaki Y, Torisu H, Kira R, Matsumoto N, Sakai Y, Ohga S. An acute encephalopathy with reduced diffusion in BRAF-associated cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. Brain Dev 2019; 41:378-381. [PMID: 30414707 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by cardiovascular anomalies, dysmorphic faces, ectodermal abnormalities and developmental delays. Mutations in BRAF and other RAS-MAPK pathway-associated genes are commonly identified in patients with CFCS. While this molecular pathway is known to be associated with neuro-inflammatory conditions, only one case with CFCS has been reported thus far to develop acute encephalopathy in childhood. CASE REPORT A 3-year-old boy with dysmorphic features and mild psychomotor delay developed acute encephalopathy. After a 45-min long, generalized seizure, the magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the restricted diffusion signals spread to the bilateral subcortical white matters on day 1 of illness. Despite the 14 days of intensive care, the acute symptoms of encephalopathy left him intractable epilepsy and severe neurocognitive impairments. The whole-exome sequencing analysis identified a de novo heterozygous mutation of BRAF (NM_004333:p.Thr241Met) in this case. CONCLUSION The present case suggests that the hyperactive condition of ERK signals might augment the development of acute encephalopathy and post-encephalopathic epilepsy in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Okuzono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Fukai
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marie Noda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akamine
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kanno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ishizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Torisu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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147
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Alfano C, Gladwyn-Ng I, Couderc T, Lecuit M, Nguyen L. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Key Player in Zika Virus-Associated Congenital Microcephaly. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 30971894 PMCID: PMC6445045 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, together with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. In the wake of its emergence in the French Polynesia and in the Americas, ZIKV has been shown to cause congenital microcephaly. It is the first arbovirus which has been proven to be teratogenic and sexually transmissible. Confronted with this major public health challenge, the scientific and medical communities teamed up to precisely characterize the clinical features of congenital ZIKV syndrome and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review focuses on the critical impact of the unfolded protein response (UPR) on ZIKV-associated congenital microcephaly. ZIKV infection of cortical neuron progenitors leads to high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This results in both the stalling of indirect neurogenesis, and UPR-dependent neuronal apoptotic death, and leads to cortical microcephaly. In line with these results, the administration of molecules inhibiting UPR prevents ZIKV-induced cortical microcephaly. The discovery of the link between ZIKV infection and UPR activation has a broader relevance, since this pathway plays a crucial role in many distinct cellular processes and its induction by ZIKV may account for several reported ZIKV-associated defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alfano
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Institut Imagine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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148
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Preoperative Sleep Disturbance Exaggerates Surgery-Induced Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage in Aged Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8301725. [PMID: 31011286 PMCID: PMC6442479 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8301725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is defined as new cognitive impairment (memory impairment and impaired performance) after surgery, especially in aged patients. Sleep disturbance is a common phenomenon before surgery that has been increasingly thought to affect patient recovery. However, little is known about the functional impact of preoperative sleep disturbance on POCD. Here, we showed that tibial fracture surgery induced cognitive deficit and production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, along with microglia and astrocyte activation, neuronal damage, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Preoperative sleep disturbance enhanced the surgery-induced neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, BBB disruption, and memory impairment 24 h after surgery. Taken together, these results demonstrated that preoperative sleep disturbance aggravated postoperative cognitive function in aged mice and the mechanism may be related to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neuronal damage.
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149
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Brymer KJ, Romay-Tallon R, Allen J, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Exploring the Potential Antidepressant Mechanisms of TNFα Antagonists. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:98. [PMID: 30804748 PMCID: PMC6378555 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing relationship between the immune system and the development of depression. Some peripherally produced cytokines, such as TNF-α, can cross the blood brain barrier and result in activation of brain microglia which produces additional TNF-α and fosters a cascade of events including decreases in markers of synaptic plasticity and increases in neurodegenerative events. This is exemplified by preclinical studies, which show that peripheral administration of pro-inflammatory cytokines can elicit depression-like behavior. Importantly, this depression-like behavior can be ameliorated by anti-cytokine therapies. Work in our laboratory suggests that TNF-α is particularly important for the development of a depressive phenotype and that TNF-α antagonists might have promise as novel antidepressant drugs. Future research should examine rates of inflammation at baseline in depressed patients and whether anti-inflammatory agents could be included as part of the treatment regimen for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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150
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Lan YL, Wang X, Zou YJ, Xing JS, Lou JC, Zou S, Ma BB, Ding Y, Zhang B. Bazedoxifene protects cerebral autoregulation after traumatic brain injury and attenuates impairments in blood-brain barrier damage: involvement of anti-inflammatory pathways by blocking MAPK signaling. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:311-323. [PMID: 30706110 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and long-term deficits in motor and cognitive functions for which there are currently no effective chemotherapeutic drugs. Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and has been investigated as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is generally safe and well tolerated, with favorable endometrial and breast safety profiles. Recent findings have shown that SERMs may have therapeutic benefits; however, the role of BZA in the treatment of TBI and its molecular and cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the neuroprotective effects of BZA on early TBI in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS TBI was induced using a modified weight-drop method. Neurological deficits were evaluated according to the neurological severity score (NSS). Morris water maze and open-field behavioral tests were used to test cognitive functions. Brain edema was measured by brain water content, and impairments in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were evaluated by expression analysis of tight junction-associated proteins, such as occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Neuronal injury was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine the ability of BZA to cross the BBB. RESULTS Our results indicated that BZA attenuated the impaired cognitive functions and the increased BBB permeability of rats subjected to TBI through activation of inflammatory cascades. In vivo experiments further revealed that BZA provided this neuroprotection by suppressing TBI-induced activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, mechanically, the anti-inflammatory effects of BZA in TBI may be partially mediated by blocking the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that BZA might attenuate neurological deficits and BBB damage to protect against TBI by blocking the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zou
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jin-Shan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bin-Bin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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