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Wu G, Liang R, Zhang Z, Ge M, Xing G, Sun G. 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Structure, Properties, and Applications in Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103514. [PMID: 34590421 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
2D metal-halide perovskites have attracted intense research interest due to superior long-term stability under ambient environments. Compared to their 3D analog, the alternate arrangement of organic and inorganic layers leads to forming a multilayer quantum well (MQW), which endows 2D perovskites with anisotropic optoelectronic properties. In addition, the spacer layer functions as a hydrophobic barrier to effectively prevent 2D perovskite films from ion migration and moisture penetrating, thus realizing outstanding stability. Recently, 2D perovskites have been widely developed with abundant species. The stunning photovoltaic performance with the coexistence of long-term stability and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been realized in 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which paves an avenue for commercialization of PSCs. This review begins with an introduction of crystal structure and crystallization kinetics to illustrate the unique layer characters in 2D perovskites. Then, electron structure, excitons, dielectric confinement, and intrinsic stability properties are discussed in detail. Next, the photovoltaic performance based on recent Ruddlesden-Popper (RP), Dion-Jacobson (DJ), and alternating cations in the interlayer (ACI) phase 2D-PSCs is comprehensively summarized. Finally, the confronting challenges and strategies toward structural design and optoelectronic studies of 2D perovskites are proposed to offer insight into the advanced underlying properties of this family of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbao Wu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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102
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Ye J, Byranvand MM, Martínez CO, Hoye RLZ, Saliba M, Polavarapu L. Defect Passivation in Lead-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and Thin Films: Toward Efficient LEDs and Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21636-21660. [PMID: 33730428 PMCID: PMC8518834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites (LHPs), in the form of both colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) and thin films, have emerged over the past decade as leading candidates for next-generation, efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. Owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), LHPs efficiently convert injected charge carriers into light and vice versa. However, despite the defect-tolerance of LHPs, defects at the surface of colloidal NCs and grain boundaries in thin films play a critical role in charge-carrier transport and nonradiative recombination, which lowers the PLQYs, device efficiency, and stability. Therefore, understanding the defects that play a key role in limiting performance, and developing effective passivation routes are critical for achieving advances in performance. This Review presents the current understanding of defects in halide perovskites and their influence on the optical and charge-carrier transport properties. Passivation strategies toward improving the efficiencies of perovskite-based LEDs and solar cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge19, JJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4770569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNERIEK5-PhotovoltaikForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Clara Otero Martínez
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupDepartment of Physical ChemistryCampus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende36310VigoSpain
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4770569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNERIEK5-PhotovoltaikForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupDepartment of Physical ChemistryCampus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende36310VigoSpain
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103
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Cheng F, Zhang J, Pauporté T. Chlorides, other Halides, and Pseudo-Halides as Additives for the Fabrication of Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3665-3692. [PMID: 34328278 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting a tremendous attention from the scientific community due to their excellent power conversion efficiency, low cost, and great promise for the future of solar energy. The best PSCs have already achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5 % after an unprecedented rapid performance rise. However, high requirements with respect to large area, high-efficiency devices, and stability are still the challenges. Major efforts, especially for achieving a high degree of chemical control, have been made to reach these targets. The use of halide additives has played a critical role in improving the efficiency and stability. The present paper reviews the important breakthroughs in PSC technologies made by using halide additives, especially chloride, and pseudo-halide additives for the preparation of the perovskite layers, other layers, and interfaces of the devices. These additives help perovskite (PVK) crystallization and layer morphology control, grain boundary reduction, bulk and interface defects passivation, and so on. Normally, these halide additives play different roles depending on their categories and their location. Herein, recent progresses made due to additives employment in every possible layer of PSCs are reviewed, with focus on chloride, other halides, and pseudo-halides as additives in PVK films, halide additives in carrier transport layers, and at PVK-contact interfaces. Finally, an outlook of engineering of these additives in PSC progress is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), UMR8247, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Key Lab of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Thierry Pauporté
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), UMR8247, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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104
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Sun W, Zou J, Wang X, Wang S, Du Y, Cao F, Zhang L, Wu J, Gao P. Enhanced photovoltage and stability of perovskite photovoltaics enabled by a cyclohexylmethylammonium iodide-based 2D perovskite passivation layer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14915-14924. [PMID: 34533155 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the impressive progress that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved, especially considering their power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 25%, traditional PSCs still contend with an inherent instability with exposure to humidity, which remains as a critical issue for the realization of commercial production. Herein, we proposed an effective pathway to relieve the instability of PSCs without sacrificing efficiency by introducing a 2D phase at the surface of the 3D perovskite film, based on a novel organic cyclohexylmethylammonium iodide (CMAI). The self-assembled thin 2D capping layer atop the 3D perovskite layer can not only reduce the ionic defects, but also serve as a protective barrier against moisture. Consequently, the champion device incorporating 2D perovskite capping layers delivered an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.19 V, which contributes to an impressive PCE of 22.06% on account of the improved charge extraction and decreased non-radiative recombination. More importantly, an excellent long-term stability along with mitigated hysteresis was observed for the modified devices as a result of the suppressed ion migration and high humidity resistance of the 2D perovskite film. Our finding provides a comprehensive approach for simultaneously enhancing the efficiency and stability of PSCs through dimension engineering utilizing CMA-based 2D perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jinjun Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shibo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yitian Du
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Fengxian Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Fujian Institute of Research on Structure Matter, CAS, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
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105
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Yang JJ, Chen WK, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Spin-Orbit Coupling Is the Key to Promote Asynchronous Photoinduced Charge Transfer of Two-Dimensional Perovskites. JACS AU 2021; 1:1178-1186. [PMID: 34467356 PMCID: PMC8397356 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are emerging as promising candidates for diverse optoelectronic applications because of low cost and excellent stability. In this work, we explore the electronic structures and interfacial properties of (4Tm)2PbI4 with both the collinear and noncollinear DFT (PBE and HSE06) methods. The results evidently manifest that explicitly considering the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects is necessary to attain correct band alignment of (4Tm)2PbI4 that agrees with recent experiments (Nat. Chem.2019, 11, 1151; Nature2020, 580, 614). The subsequent time-domain noncollinear DFT-based nonadiabatic carrier dynamics simulations with the SOC effects reveal that the photoinduced electron and hole transfer processes are asymmetric and associated with different rates. The differences are mainly ascribed to considerably different nonadiabatic couplings in charge of the electron and hole transfer processes. Shortly, our current work sheds important light on the mechanism of the interfacial charge carrier transfer processes of (4Tm)2PbI4. The importance of the SOC effects on correctly aligning the band states of (4Tm)2PbI4 may be generalized to similar organic-inorganic hybrid 2D perovskites having heavy Pb atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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106
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Mazumdar S, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells: Degradation Mechanisms and Remedies. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.712785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic–organic metal halide perovskite light harvester-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have come to the limelight of solar cell research due to their rapid growth in efficiency. At present, stability and reliability are challenging aspects concerning the Si-based or thin film-based commercial devices. Commercialization of perovskite solar cells remains elusive due to the lack of stability of these devices under real operational conditions, especially for longer duration use. A large number of researchers have been engaged in an ardent effort to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells. Understanding the degradation mechanisms has been the primary importance before exploring the remedies for degradation. In this review, a methodical understanding of various degradation mechanisms of perovskites and perovskite solar cells is presented followed by a discussion on different steps taken to overcome the stability issues. Recent insights on degradation mechanisms are discussed. Various approaches of stability enhancement are reviewed with an emphasis on reports that complied with the operational standard for practical application in a commercial solar module. The operational stability standard enacted by the International Electrotechnical Commission is especially discussed with reports that met the requirements or showed excellent results, which is the most important criterion to evaluate a device’s actual prospect to be utilized for practical applications in commercial solar modules. An overall understanding of degradation pathways in perovskites and perovskite solar cells and steps taken to overcome those with references including state-of-the-art devices with promising operational stability can be gained from this review.
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107
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Kar M, Ghosh A, Sarkar R, Pal S, Sarkar P. Arene and functionalized arene based two dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1982-1990. [PMID: 34390256 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted great attention for their outstanding performances in solar energy conversion devices. By using first principles calculations, we explored the structural, electronic and optical properties of recently synthesized (PEA)2 PbI4 and (PEA)2 SnI4 organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites to understand the photovoltaic performances of these systems. Our study reveals that both the perovskites are direct band gap semiconductors and possess desirable band gap for solar energy absorption. We have further extended our study to fluoro-, chloro-, and bromo-functionalized phenethylammonium (PEA) cations based [X(X = F, Cl, Br)PEA]2 A(A = Pb, Sn)I4 perovskite materials. The halogenated benzene moiety confers an ultrahydrophobic character and protects the perovskites from ambient moisture. The halogen functionalized perovskites remain direct band gap semiconductors and all the perovskites show very strong optical absorption (∼7 × 105 cm-1 ) across UV-visible region. We have further calculated the photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) of both arene and functionalized arene based perovskites. The halogen-functionalized PEA-based perovskites also exhibit high PCE as like pristine ones and finally achieve high PCE of up to 24.30%, making them competitive with other previously reported perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
| | - Atish Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
| | | | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
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108
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Ren X, Zhang B, Zhang L, Wen J, Che B, Bai D, You J, Chen T, Liu SF. Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy for Effective Passivator Selection in Perovskite Solar Cells to Attain High Efficiency over 23. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3182-3189. [PMID: 34124848 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most studies choose passivators essentially in a trial-and-error fashion in an attempt to attain high efficiency in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements, the type of defects in perovskite films was determined to guide the passivator selection for PSCs. Three kinds of positively charged defects were found in the target PSC system. Fluorinated phenylethylamine hydroiodide (FPEAI) was chosen to passivate the surface defects due to the electronegativity and hydrophobicity of fluorine. Due to the decreased surface roughness, increased hydrophobicity, lowered defect density, and improved carrier dynamics as observed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), a PSC with meta-F-PEAI had the best efficiency over 23 % with open-circuit voltage of 1.155 V and fill factor of 80.15 %. In addition, the long-term stability of the PSC was significantly improved. The present work provides a new means to select the best passivator for different types of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Bobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jialun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Bo Che
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxue You
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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109
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Ghimire S, Klinke C. Two-dimensional halide perovskites: synthesis, optoelectronic properties, stability, and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12394-12422. [PMID: 34240087 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are promising materials for light-emitting and light-harvesting applications. In this context, two-dimensional perovskites such as nanoplatelets or Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson layered structures are important because of their structural flexibility, electronic confinement, and better stability. This review article brings forth an extensive overview of the recent developments of two-dimensional halide perovskites both in the colloidal and non-colloidal forms. We outline the strategy to synthesize and control the shape and discuss different crystalline phases and optoelectronic properties. We review the applications of two-dimensional perovskites in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and photocatalysis. Besides, we also emphasize the moisture, thermal, and photostability of these materials in comparison to their three-dimensional analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Ghimire
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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110
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Long C, Huang K, Chang J, Zuo C, Gao Y, Luo X, Liu B, Xie H, Chen Z, He J, Huang H, Gao Y, Ding L, Yang J. Creating a Dual-Functional 2D Perovskite Layer at the Interface to Enhance the Performance of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102368. [PMID: 34174144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) have been attracting tremendous attention due to their potentially commercial prospects in flexible energy system and mobile energy system. Reducing the energy barriers and charge extraction losses at the interfaces between perovskite and charge transport layers is essential to improve both efficiency and stability of f-PSCs. Herein, 4-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine iodide (CF3 PEAI) is introduced to form a 2D perovskite at the interface between perovskite and hole transport layer (HTL). It is found that the 2D perovskite plays a dual-functional role in aligning energy band between perovskite and HTL and passivating the traps in the 3D perovskite, thus reducing energy loss and charge carrier recombination at the interface, facilitating the hole transfer from perovskite to the Spiro-OMeTAD. Consequently, the photovoltaic performance of f-PSCs is significantly improved, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.1% and a certified PCE of 20.5%. Furthermore, the long-term stability of f-PSCs is greatly improved through the protection of 2D perovskite layer to the underlying 3D perovskite. This work provides an excellent strategy to produce efficient and stable f-PSCs, which will accelerate their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoyu Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Keqing Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chuantian Zuo
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Haipeng Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Han Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junliang Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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111
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Ma K, Atapattu HR, Zhao Q, Gao Y, Finkenauer BP, Wang K, Chen K, Park SM, Coffey AH, Zhu C, Huang L, Graham KR, Mei J, Dou L. Multifunctional Conjugated Ligand Engineering for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100791. [PMID: 34219297 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface passivation is an effective way to boost the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a key challenge faced by most of the passivation strategies is reducing the interface charge recombination without imposing energy barriers to charge extraction. Here, a novel multifunctional semiconducting organic ammonium cationic interface modifier inserted between the light-harvesting perovskite film and the hole-transporting layer is reported. It is shown that the conjugated cations can directly extract holes from perovskite efficiently, and simultaneously reduce interface non-radiative recombination. Together with improved energy level alignment and the stabilized interface in the device, a triple-cation mixed-halide medium-bandgap PSC with an excellent power conversion efficiency of 22.06% (improved from 19.94%) and suppressed ion migration and halide phase segregation, which lead to a long-term operational stability, is demonstrated. This strategy provides a new practical method of interface engineering in PSCs toward improved efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harindi R Atapattu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Blake P Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Aidan H Coffey
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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112
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Li D, Xing Z, Huang L, Meng X, Hu X, Hu T, Chen Y. Spontaneous Formation of Upper Gradient 2D Structure for Efficient and Stable Quasi-2D Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101823. [PMID: 34278619 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient and stable quasi-2D hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using hydrophobic 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzylamine (4TFBZA) as the spacer cation are successfully demonstrated. It is found that the incorporation of hydrophobic 4TFBZA into MAPbI3 can effectively induce a spontaneous upper gradient 2D (SUG-2D) structure, passivate the trap states, and restrain the ion motion. Meanwhile, the strong hydrogen bonding of F···HN between 4TFBZA ions and methylamine ions can effectively suppress the decomposition of perovskite, which gives the device a better thermal stability. Besides, due to the SUG-2D structure with hydrophobic 4TFBZA, the device also exhibits a better moisture stability. The SUG-2D-structure-based device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 17.07% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.10 V and a notable fill factor of 71%. This work provides a new strategy for constructing efficient and stable quasi-2D PSCs, and it is an inspiration for the packaging strategy of perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxue Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi Xing
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiangchuan Meng
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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113
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Buyruk A, Blätte D, Günther M, Scheel MA, Hartmann NF, Döblinger M, Weis A, Hartschuh A, Müller-Buschbaum P, Bein T, Ameri T. 1,10-Phenanthroline as an Efficient Bifunctional Passivating Agent for MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32894-32905. [PMID: 34240843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Passivation is one of the most promising concepts to heal defects created at the surface and grain boundaries of polycrystalline perovskite thin films, which significantly deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and stability of corresponding devices. Here, 1,10-phenanthroline, known as a bidentate chelating ligand, is implemented between the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) film and the hole-transport layer for both passivating the lead-based surface defects (undercoordinated lead ions) and converting the excess/unreacted lead iodide (PbI2) buried at interfaces, which is problematic for the long-term stability, into "neutralized" and beneficial species (PbI2(1,10-phen)x, x = 1, 2) for efficient hole transfer at the modified interface. The defect healing ability of 1,10-phenanthroline is verified with a set of complementary techniques including photoluminescence (steady-state and time-resolved), space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements, light intensity dependent JV measurements, and Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy (FTPS). In addition to these analytical methods, we employ advanced X-ray scattering techniques, nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) to further analyze the structure and chemical composition at the perovskite surface after treatment at nanoscale spatial resolution. On the basis of our experimental results, we conclude that 1,10-phenanthroline treatment induces the formation of different morphologies with distinct chemical compositions on the surface of the perovskite film such that surface defects are effectively passivated, and excess/unreacted PbI2 is converted into beneficial complex species at the modified interface. As a result, an improved power conversion efficiency (20.16%) and significantly more stable unencapsulated perovskite solar cells are obtained with the 1,10-phenanthroline treatment compared to the MAPbI3 reference device (18.03%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Buyruk
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Blätte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcella Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel A Scheel
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Weis
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Hartschuh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Materials and Processes, Chemical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, U.K
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114
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Xiao X, Chu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Qiu C, Wang H, Mei A, Rong Y, Xu G, Hu Y, Han H. Enhanced perovskite electronic properties via A-site cation engineering. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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115
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Luo D, Li X, Dumont A, Yu H, Lu ZH. Recent Progress on Perovskite Surfaces and Interfaces in Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006004. [PMID: 34145654 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces and heterojunction interfaces, where defects and energy levels dictate charge-carrier dynamics in optoelectronic devices, are critical for unlocking the full potential of perovskite semiconductors. In this progress report, chemical structures of perovskite surfaces are discussed and basic physical rules for the band alignment are summarized at various perovskite interfaces. Common perovskite surfaces are typically decorated by various compositional and structural defects such as residual surface reactants, discrete nanoclusters, reactions by products, vacancies, interstitials, antisites, etc. Some of these surface species induce deep-level defect states in the forbidden band forming very harmful charge-carrier traps and affect negatively the interface band alignments for achieving optimal device performance. Herein, an overview of research progresses on surface and interface engineering is provided to minimize deep-level defect states. The reviewed subjects include selection of interface and substrate buffer layers for growing better crystals, materials and processing methods for surface passivation, the surface catalyst for microstructure transformations, organic semiconductors for charge extraction or injection, heterojunctions with wide bandgap perovskites or nanocrystals for mitigating defects, and electrode interlayer for preventing interdiffusion and reactions. These surface and interface engineering strategies are shown to be critical in boosting device performance for both solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Luo
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
- Dr. X. Li, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Antoine Dumont
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
- Dr. X. Li, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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116
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Lei Y, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhu G, Jin Z. Origin, Influence, and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005495. [PMID: 33759357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defects are considered to be one of the most significant factors that compromise the power conversion efficiencies and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, it is urgent to have a profound understanding of their formation and influence mechanism, so as to take corresponding measures to suppress or even completely eliminate their adverse effects on device performance. Herein, the possible origins of the defects in metal halide perovskite films and their impacts on the device performance are analyzed, and then various methods to reduce defect density are introduced in detail. Starting from the internal and interfacial aspects of the metal halide perovskite films, several ways to improve device performance and long-term stability including additive engineering, surface passivation, and other physical treatments (annealing engineering), etc., are further elaborated. Finally, the further understanding of defects and the development trend of passivation strategies are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Youkui Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials & Devices of Liaoning Province, College of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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117
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Milić JV, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M. Layered Hybrid Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Challenges and Opportunities. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2729-2740. [PMID: 34085817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusHybrid halide perovskite materials have become one of the leading candidates for various optoelectronic applications. They are based on organic-inorganic structures defined by the AMX3 composition, were A is the central cation that can be either organic (e.g., methylammonium, formamidinium (FA)) or inorganic (e.g., Cs+), M is a divalent metal ion (e.g., Pb2+ or Sn2+), and X is a halide anion (I-, Br-, or Cl-). In particular, FAPbI3 perovskites have shown remarkable optoelectronic properties and thermal stabilities. However, the photoactive α-FAPbI3 (black) perovskite phase is not thermodynamically stable at ambient temperature and forms the δ-FAPbI3 (yellow) phase that is not suitable for optoelectronic applications. This has stimulated intense research efforts to stabilize and realize the potential of the α-FAPbI3 perovskite phase. In addition, hybrid perovskites were proven to be unstable against the external environmental conditions (air and moisture) and under device operating conditions (voltage and light), which is related to various degradation mechanisms. One of the strategies to overcome these instabilities has been based on low-dimensional hybrid perovskite materials, in particular layered two-dimensional (2D) perovskite phases composed of organic layers separating hybrid perovskite slabs, which were found to be more stable toward ambient conditions and ion migration. These materials are mostly based on SxAn-1PbnX3n+1 composition with various mono- (x = 1) or bifunctional (x = 2) organic spacer cations that template hybrid perovskite slabs and commonly form either Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) or Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phases. These materials behave as natural quantum wells since charge carriers are confined to the inorganic slabs, featuring a gradual decrease in the band gap as the number of inorganic layers (n) increases from n = 1 (2D) to n = ∞ (3D). While various layered 2D perovskites have been developed, their FA-based analogues remain under-represented to date. Over the past few years, several research advances enabled the realization of FA-based layered perovskites, which have also demonstrated a unique templating effect in stabilizing the α-FAPbI3 phase. This, for instance, involved the archetypical n-butylammonium and 2-phenylethylammonium organic spacers as well as guanidinium, 5-ammonium valeric acid, iso-butylammonium, benzylammonium, n-pentylammonium, 2-thiophenemethylammonium, 2-(perfluorophenyl)ethylammonium, 1-adamantylmethanammonium, and 1,4-phenylenedimethanammonium. FAPbBr3-based layered perovskites have also demonstrated potential in various optoelectronic applications, yet the opportunities associated with FAPbI3-based perovskites have attracted particular attention in photovoltaics, stimulating further developments. This Account provides an overview of some of these recent developments, with a particular focus on FAPbI3-based layered perovskites and their utility in photovoltaics, while outlining challenges and opportunities for these hybrid materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana V. Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, EPFL, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, EPFL, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, EPFL, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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118
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Li C, Guo S, Chen J, Cheng Z, Zhu M, Zhang J, Xiang S, Zhang Z. Mitigation of vacancy with ammonium salt-trapped ZIF-8 capsules for stable perovskite solar cells through simultaneous compensation and loss inhibition. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3554-3562. [PMID: 36133714 PMCID: PMC9417826 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00173f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the easy loss of ions during synthesis or usage, vacancies in perovskite film are ubiquitous, accelerating the degradation of perovskite materials and seriously hampering the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, to simultaneously compensate for vacancies and reduce ammonium cation loss, a sustained release strategy was proposed by introducing multi-functional capsules consisting of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulation agent and ammonium iodide salts as interlayer between the perovskite and hole transport layer. In the capsule interlayer, not only are ammonium iodide salts in ZIF-8 pores released to the perovskite layer, compensating for the vacancies, but the ZIF-8 also prevents the organic component of perovskite from evaporating and isolates the perovskite from moisture. As a consequence, decreased trap density, improved device efficiency, and enhanced stability of PSCs are obtained owing to the successful passivation of defects by the introduced capsules. ZIF-8@FAI shows the highest efficiency of 19.13% and a stabilized PCE over 93% of the initial efficiency at maximum power point for 150 h. This work provides a new strategy to improve efficiency and stability of PSCs based on the large family of porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Jingan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Jindan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 PR China
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 PR China
| | - Zhangjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University 32 Shangsan Road Fuzhou 350007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 PR China
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119
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Proppe AH, Johnston A, Teale S, Mahata A, Quintero-Bermudez R, Jung EH, Grater L, Cui T, Filleter T, Kim CY, Kelley SO, De Angelis F, Sargent EH. Multication perovskite 2D/3D interfaces form via progressive dimensional reduction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3472. [PMID: 34108463 PMCID: PMC8190276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the best-performing perovskite photovoltaic devices make use of 2D/3D interfaces, which improve efficiency and stability – but it remains unclear how the conversion of 3D-to-2D perovskite occurs and how these interfaces are assembled. Here, we use in situ Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering to resolve 2D/3D interface formation during spin-coating. We observe progressive dimensional reduction from 3D to n = 3 → 2 → 1 when we expose (MAPbBr3)0.05(FAPbI3)0.95 perovskites to vinylbenzylammonium ligand cations. Density functional theory simulations suggest ligands incorporate sequentially into the 3D lattice, driven by phenyl ring stacking, progressively bisecting the 3D perovskite into lower-dimensional fragments to form stable interfaces. Slowing the 2D/3D transformation with higher concentrations of antisolvent yields thinner 2D layers formed conformally onto 3D grains, improving carrier extraction and device efficiency (20% 3D-only, 22% 2D/3D). Controlling this progressive dimensional reduction has potential to further improve the performance of 2D/3D perovskite photovoltaics. Many best-performing perovskite photovoltaics use 2D/3D interfaces to improve efficiency and stability, yet the mechanism of interface assembly is unclear. Here, Proppe et al. use in-situ GIWAXS to resolve this transformation, observing progressive dimensional reduction from 3D to 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Johnston
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arup Mahata
- D3-Computation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (CNR-SCITEC), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR), Perugia, Italy
| | - Rafael Quintero-Bermudez
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eui Hyuk Jung
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- D3-Computation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (CNR-SCITEC), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR), Perugia, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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120
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Wang F, Chang Q, Yun Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Wang J, Fang Y, Cheng Z, Feng S, Yang L, Yang Y, Huang W, Qin T. Hole-Transporting Low-Dimensional Perovskite for Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9797053. [PMID: 34386771 PMCID: PMC8328399 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9797053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Halide perovskites with low-dimensionalities (2D or quasi-2D) have demonstrated outstanding stabilities compared to their 3D counterparts. Nevertheless, poor charge-transporting abilities of organic components in 2D perovskites lead to relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and thus limit their applications in photovoltaics. Here, we report a novel hole-transporting low-dimensional (HT2D) perovskite, which can form a hole-transporting channel on the top surface of 3D perovskite due to self-assembly effects of metal halide frameworks. This HT2D perovskite can significantly reduce interface trap densities and enhance hole-extracting abilities of a heterojunction region between the 3D perovskite and hole-transporting layer. Furthermore, the posttreatment by HT2D can also reduce the crystal defects of perovskite and improve film morphology. As a result, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can effectively suppress nonradiative recombination, leading to an increasement on photovoltage to >1.20 V and thus achieving >20% power conversion efficiency and >500 h continuous illumination stability. This work provides a pathway to overcome charge-transporting limitations in low-dimensional perovskites and delivers significant enhancements on performance of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yikai Yun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sizhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - You Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jungan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yinyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhengchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shanglei Feng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.,Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 818 Qingyi Road, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Ye J, Byranvand MM, Martínez CO, Hoye RLZ, Saliba M, Polavarapu L. Defect Passivation in Lead‐Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and Thin Films: Toward Efficient LEDs and Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Clara Otero Martínez
- CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
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Chavan RD, Prochowicz D, Bończak B, Fiałkowski M, Tavakoli MM, Yadav P, Patel MJ, Gupta SK, Gajjar PN, Hong CK. Azahomofullerenes as New n-Type Acceptor Materials for Efficient and Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20296-20304. [PMID: 33877795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives with a strong electron-accepting ability play a crucial role in enhancing both the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most of the used fullerene molecules are based on [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which limits the device performance due to difficulties in preparing high-quality and uniform thin films. Herein, solution-processable azahomofullerene (AHF) derivatives (abbreviated as AHF-1 and AHF-2) are reported as novel and effective electron-transport layers (ETLs) in p-i-n planar PSCs. Compared to the control PCBM ETL-based PSCs, the devices based on AHFs exhibit higher photovoltaic performances, which is attributed to the enhanced charge-transport properties and improved layer morphology leading to a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.21% in the case of the device based on AHF-2 ETL. Besides, due to the preferable energy band alignment with the perovskite layer, reduced trap states, and suppressed charge recombination, the device with AHF-2 ETL exhibits significantly suppressed hysteresis and improved stability under both ambient and thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit D Chavan
- Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Bończak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Fiałkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Solar Energy, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Manushi J Patel
- Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjeev K Gupta
- Computational Materials and Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics and Electronics, St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankaj N Gajjar
- Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Chang Kook Hong
- Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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123
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Akin S, Dong B, Pfeifer L, Liu Y, Graetzel M, Hagfeldt A. Organic Ammonium Halide Modulators as Effective Strategy for Enhanced Perovskite Photovoltaic Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004593. [PMID: 34026455 PMCID: PMC8132166 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite rapid improvements in efficiency, long-term stability remains a challenge limiting the future up-scaling of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although several approaches have been developed to improve the stability of PSCs, applying ammonium passivation materials in bilayer configuration PSCs has drawn intensive research interest due to the potential of simultaneously improving long-term stability and boosting power conversion efficiency (PCE). This review focuses on the recent advances of improving n-i-p PSCs photovoltaic performance by employing ammonium halide-based molecular modulators. The first section briefly summarizes the challenges of perovskite materials by introducing the degradation mechanisms associated with the hygroscopic nature and ion migration issues. Then, recent reports regarding the roles of overlayers formed from ammonium-based passivation agents are discussed on the basis of ligand and halide effects. This includes both the formation of 2D perovskite films as well as purely organic passivating layers. Finally, the last section provides future perspectives on the use of organic ammonium halides within bilayer-architecture PSCs to improve the photovoltaic performances. Overall, this review provides a roadmap on current demands and future research directions of molecular modulators to address the critical limitations of PSCs, to mitigate the major barriers on the pathway toward future up-scaling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seckin Akin
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringKaramanoglu Mehmetbey UniversityKaramanTurkey
| | - Bitao Dong
- Laboratory of Photomolecular ScienceÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 6LausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Photonics and InterfacesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and InterfacesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Michael Graetzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and InterfacesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular ScienceÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 6LausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
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Liu T, Guo J, Lu D, Xu Z, Fu Q, Zheng N, Xie Z, Wan X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen Y. Spacer Engineering Using Aromatic Formamidinium in 2D/3D Hybrid Perovskites for Highly Efficient Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7811-7820. [PMID: 33810640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic spacers play an important role in 2D/3D hybrid perovskites, which could combine the advantages of high stability of 2D perovskites and high efficiency of 3D perovskites. Here, a class of aromatic formamidiniums (ArFA) was developed as spacers for 2D/3D perovskites. It is found that the bulky aromatic spacer ArFA in 2D/3D perovskites could induce better crystalline growth and orientation, reduce the defect states, and enlarge spatially resolved carrier lifetime thanks to the multiple NH···I hydrogen-bonding interactions between ArFA and inorganic [PbI6]4- layers. As a result, compared to the control device with efficiency of 19.02%, the 2D/3D perovskite device based on such an optimized organic salt, namely benzamidine hydrochloride (PhFACl), exhibits a dramatically improved efficiency of 22.39% along with improved long-term thermal stability under 80 °C over 1400 h. Importantly, a champion efficiency of 23.36% was further demonstrated through device engineering for PhFACl-based 2D/3D perovskite solar cells. These results indicate the great potential of this class of ArFA spacers in highly efficient 2D/3D perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Di Lu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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125
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Wang S, Shen W, Liu J, Ouyang T, Wu Y, Li W, Chen M, Qi P, Lu Y, Tang Y. Improved photovoltage of printable perovskite solar cells via Nb 5+ doped SnO 2 compact layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:145403. [PMID: 33296882 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with SnO2 electron transporting material (ETL) layer displays the probability of conquering the low electron mobility and serious leakage current loss of the TiO2 ETL layer in photoelectronic devices. The rapid development of SnO2 ETL layer has brought perovskite efficiencies >20%. However, high density of defect states and voltage loss of high temperature SnO2 are still latent impediment for the long-term stability and hysteresis effect of photovoltaics. Herein, Nb5+ doped SnO2 with deeper energy level is utilized as a compact ETL for printable mesoscopic PSCs. It promotes carrier concentration increase caused by n-type doping, assists Fermi energy level and conduction band minimum to move the deeper energy level, and significantly reduces interface carrier recombination, thus increasing the photovoltage of the device. As a result, the use of Nb5+ doped SnO2 brings high photovoltage of 0.92 V, which is 40 mV higher than that of 0.88 V for device based on SnO2 compact layer. The resulting PSCs displays outstanding efficiency of 13.53%, which contains an ∼10% improvements compared to those without Nb5+ doping. Our study emphasizes the significance of element doping for compact layer and lays the groundwork for high efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Shen
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells (MGC), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Qi
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Tang
- Department Nano-Science and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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Joseph Yeow Wan Foong J, Febriansyah B, Jyoti Singh Rana P, Ming Koh T, Jun Jie Tay D, Bruno A, Mhaisalkar S, Mathews N. Effects of All-Organic Interlayer Surface Modifiers on the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1524-1533. [PMID: 33433943 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface imperfections created during fabrication of halide perovskite (HP) films could induce formation of various defect sites that affect device performance and stability. In this work, all-organic surface modifiers consisting of alkylammonium cations and alkanoate anions are introduced on top of the HP layer to passivate interfacial vacancies and improve moisture tolerance. Passivation using alkylammonium alkanoate does not induce formation of low-dimensional perovskites species. Instead, the organic species only passivate the perovskite's surface and grain boundaries, which results in enhanced hydrophobic character of the HP films. In terms of photovoltaic application, passivation with alkylammonium alkanoate allows significant reduction in recombination losses and enhancement of open-circuit voltage. Alongside unchanged short-circuit current density, power conversion efficiencies of more than 18.5 % can be obtained from the treated sample. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device retains 85 % of its initial PCE upon treatment, whereas the standard 3D perovskite device loses 50 % of its original PCE when both are subjected to ambient environment over 1500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japheth Joseph Yeow Wan Foong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang, Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Benny Febriansyah
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Prem Jyoti Singh Rana
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Darrell Jun Jie Tay
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Subodh Mhaisalkar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang, Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang, Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
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127
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Surface lattice engineering through three-dimensional lead iodide perovskitoid for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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128
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Liu P, Han N, Wang W, Ran R, Zhou W, Shao Z. High-Quality Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Film Formation for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002582. [PMID: 33511702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented rapid development and become a promising candidate for a new-generation solar cell. Among various PSCs, typical 3D halide perovskite-based PSCs deliver the highest efficiency but they suffer from severe instability, which restricts their practical applications. By contrast, the low-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite-based PSCs have recently raised increasing attention due to their superior stability. Yet, the efficiency of RP perovskite-based PSCs is still far from that of the 3D counterparts owing to the difficulty in fabricating high-quality RP perovskite films. In pursuit of high-efficiency RP perovskite-based PSCs, it is critical to manipulate the film formation process to prepare high-quality RP perovskite films. This review aims to provide comprehensive understanding of the high-quality RP-type perovskite film formation by investigating the influential factors. On this basis, several strategies to improve the RP perovskite film quality are proposed via summarizing the recent progress and efforts on the preparation of high-quality RP perovskite film. This review will provide useful guidelines for a better understanding of the crystallization and phase kinetics during RP perovskite film formation process and the design and development of high-performance RP perovskite-based PSCs, promoting the commercialization of PSC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Liu
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE), Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Ning Han
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE), Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE), Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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129
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Kim SG, Le TH, de Monfreid T, Goubard F, Bui TT, Park NG. Capturing Mobile Lithium Ions in a Molecular Hole Transporter Enhances the Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007431. [PMID: 33604974 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A thermally stable perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on a new molecular hole transporter (MHT) of 1,3-bis(5-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl) amino)phenyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-5-octyl-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione (coded HL38) is reported. Hole mobility of 1.36 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and glass transition temperature of 92.2 °C are determined for the HL38 doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 4-tert-butylpyridine as additives. Interface engineering with 2-(2-aminoethyl)thiophene hydroiodide (2-TEAI) between the perovskite and the HL38 improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 19.60% (untreated) to 21.98%, and this champion PCE is even higher than that of the additive-containing 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD)-based device (21.15%). Thermal stability testing at 85 °C for over 1000 h shows that the HL38-based PSC retains 85.9% of the initial PCE, while the spiro-MeOTAD-based PSC degrades unrecoverably from 21.1% to 5.8%. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry studies combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal that HL38 shows lower lithium ion diffusivity than spiro-MeOTAD due to a strong complexation of the Li+ with HL38, which is responsible for the higher degree of thermal stability. This work delivers an important message that capturing mobile Li+ in a hole-transporting layer is critical in designing novel MHTs for improving the thermal stability of PSCs. In addition, it also highlights the impact of interface design on non-conventional MHTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gi Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Thi Huong Le
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LPPI, Cergy, F-95000, France
| | | | | | | | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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130
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Zhu H, Ren Y, Pan L, Ouellette O, Eickemeyer FT, Wu Y, Li X, Wang S, Liu H, Dong X, Zakeeruddin SM, Liu Y, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M. Synergistic Effect of Fluorinated Passivator and Hole Transport Dopant Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency Near 24%. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3231-3237. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yameng Ren
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Linfeng Pan
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Ouellette
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Felix T. Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yinghui Wu
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xianggao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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131
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Akman E, Shalan AE, Sadegh F, Akin S. Moisture-Resistant FAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cell with 22.25 % Power Conversion Efficiency through Pentafluorobenzyl Phosphonic Acid Passivation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1176-1183. [PMID: 33352009 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for photovoltaic applications, owing to their low-cost assembly, exceptional performance, and low-temperature solution processing. However, the advancement of PSCs towards commercialization requires improvements in efficiency and long-term stability. The surface and grain boundaries of perovskite layer, as well as interfaces, are critical factors in determining the performance of the assembled cells. Defects, which are mainly located at perovskite surfaces, can trigger hysteresis, carrier recombination, and degradation, which diminish the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the resultant cells. This study concerns the stabilization of the α-FAPbI3 perovskite phase without negatively affecting the spectral features by using 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl phosphonic acid (PFBPA) as a passivation agent. Accordingly, high-quality PSCs are attained with an improved PCE of 22.25 % and respectable cell parameters compared to the pristine cells without the passivation layer. The thin PFBPA passivation layer effectively protects the perovskite layer from moisture, resulting in better long-term stability for unsealed PSCs, which maintain >90 % of the original efficiency under different humidity levels (40-75 %) after 600 h. PFBPA passivation is found to have a considerable impact in obtaining high-quality and stable FAPbI3 films to benefit both the efficiency and the stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Akman
- Scientific and Technological Research & Application Center, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Esmail Shalan
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, 11421, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Faranak Sadegh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seckin Akin
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Ouedraogo NAN, Yan H, Han CB, Zhang Y. Influence of Fluorinated Components on Perovskite Solar Cells Performance and Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004081. [PMID: 33522104 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several valuable scientific investigations have been conducted these last few years in materials design and device engineering for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to make them competitive compared to traditional silicon-based photovoltaic technologies. Consequently, high power conversion efficiency beyond 25% is nowadays reported. However, their long-term stability remains a significant challenge to overcome. Herein, the influence of fluorinated compounds on each layer of PSCs devices and their impact on the resulted device performances and stability is spotlighted. The fluorinated compounds exhibit attractive properties due to their very high electronegativity attributed to the fluorine atom, and their strong hydrophobicity. Thus, the introduction of these compounds is found to be a successful strategy to positively suppress the surface trap states, enhancing charge collection and reducing interfacial charge recombination. Besides, a better film quality and better energy level alignment is obtained, resulting in the improvement of device photovoltaic parameters such as the open-circuit voltage (Voc ), short-circuit current (Jsc ), and fill factor (FF), and then, the device's overall power conversion efficiency (PCE). Their long-term stability is also found to further be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabonswende Aida Nadege Ouedraogo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Chang Bao Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100124, China
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133
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Hu H, Qin M, Fong PWK, Ren Z, Wan X, Singh M, Su CJ, Jeng US, Li L, Zhu J, Yuan M, Lu X, Chu CW, Li G. Perovskite Quantum Wells Formation Mechanism for Stable Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics-A Real-Time Phase-Transition Study. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006238. [PMID: 33373068 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a bulk 3D perovskite layer and a reduced dimensional perovskite layer (perovskite quantum wells (PQWs)) is demonstrated to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) significantly in terms of stability and efficiency. This perovskite hierarchy has attracted intensive research interest; however, the in-depth formation mechanism of perovskite quantum wells on top of a 3D perovskite layer is not clearly understood and is therefore the focus of this study. Along with ex situ morphology and photophysical characterization, the time-resolved grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (TS-GIWAXS) technique performed in this study provides real-time insights on the phase-transition during the organic cation (HTAB ligand molecule) coating and PQWs/3D architecture formation process. A strikingly strong ionic reaction between the 3D perovskite and the long-chain organic cation leads to the quick formation of an ordered intermediate phase within only a few seconds. The optimal PQWs/3D architecture is achieved by controlling the HTAB casting, which is assisted by time-of-flight SIMS characterization. By controlling the second ionic reaction during the long-chain cation coating process, along with the fluorinated poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) as a hole-transport layer, the perovskite solar cells demonstrate efficiencies exceeding 22% along with drastically improved device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Hu
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minchao Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999 077, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick W K Fong
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuejuan Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mriganka Singh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30 076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30 076, Taiwan
| | - Liang Li
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999 077, Hong Kong
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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134
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Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management. Nature 2021; 590:587-593. [PMID: 33627807 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 216.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an emerging photovoltaic technology with the potential to disrupt the mature silicon solar cell market. Great improvements in device performance over the past few years, thanks to the development of fabrication protocols1-3, chemical compositions4,5 and phase stabilization methods6-10, have made PSCs one of the most efficient and low-cost solution-processable photovoltaic technologies. However, the light-harvesting performance of these devices is still limited by excessive charge carrier recombination. Despite much effort, the performance of the best-performing PSCs is capped by relatively low fill factors and high open-circuit voltage deficits (the radiative open-circuit voltage limit minus the high open-circuit voltage)11. Improvements in charge carrier management, which is closely tied to the fill factor and the open-circuit voltage, thus provide a path towards increasing the device performance of PSCs, and reaching their theoretical efficiency limit12. Here we report a holistic approach to improving the performance of PSCs through enhanced charge carrier management. First, we develop an electron transport layer with an ideal film coverage, thickness and composition by tuning the chemical bath deposition of tin dioxide (SnO2). Second, we decouple the passivation strategy between the bulk and the interface, leading to improved properties, while minimizing the bandgap penalty. In forward bias, our devices exhibit an electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of up to 17.2 per cent and an electroluminescence energy conversion efficiency of up to 21.6 per cent. As solar cells, they achieve a certified power conversion efficiency of 25.2 per cent, corresponding to 80.5 per cent of the thermodynamic limit of its bandgap.
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135
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Shalan AE, Akman E, Sadegh F, Akin S. Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Dicarboxylic Acid-Supported Perovskite Crystallization. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:997-1004. [PMID: 33470117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Defect states at surfaces and grain boundaries as well as poor anchoring of perovskite grains hinder the charge transport ability by acting as nonradiative recombination centers, thus resulting in undesirable phenomena such as low efficiency, poor stability, and hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a linear dicarboxylic acid-based passivation molecule, namely, glutaric acid (GA), is introduced by a facile antisolvent additive engineering (AAE) strategy to concurrently improve the efficiency and long-term stability of the ensuing PSCs. Thanks to the two-sided carboxyl (-COOH) groups, the strong interactions between GA and under-coordinated Pb2+ sites induce the crystal growth, improve the electronic properties, and minimize the charge recombination. Ultimately, champion-stabilized efficiency approaching 22% is achieved with negligible hysteresis for GA-assisted devices. In addition to the enhanced moisture stability of the devices, considerable operational stability is achieved after 2400 h of aging under continuous illumination at maximum power point (MPP) tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Esmail Shalan
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Erdi Akman
- Scientific and Technological Research & Application Center, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Faranak Sadegh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Seckin Akin
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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136
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Spectacular Enhancement of the Thermal and Photochemical Stability of MAPbI3 Perovskite Films Using Functionalized Tetraazaadamantane as a Molecular Modifier. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells represent a highly promising third-generation photovoltaic technology. However, their practical implementation is hindered by low device operational stability, mostly related to facile degradation of the absorber materials under exposure to light and elevated temperatures. Improving the intrinsic stability of complex lead halides is a big scientific challenge, which might be addressed using various “molecular modifiers”. These modifiers are usually represented by some additives undergoing strong interactions with the perovskite absorber material, resulting in enhanced solar cell efficiency and/or operational stability. Herein, we present a derivative of 1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane, NAdCl, as a promising molecular modifier for lead halide perovskites. NAdCl spectacularly improved both the thermal and photochemical stability of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films and, most importantly, prevented the formation of metallic lead Pb0 as a photolysis product. NAdCl improves the electronic quality of perovskite films by healing the traps for charge carriers. Furthermore, it strongly interacts with the perovskite framework and most likely stabilizes undercoordinated Pb2+ ions, which are responsible for Pb0 formation under light exposure. The obtained results feature 1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane derivatives as highly promising molecular modifiers that might help to improve the operational lifetime of perovskite solar cells and facilitate the practical implementation of this photovoltaic technology.
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137
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Banin U, Waiskopf N, Hammarström L, Boschloo G, Freitag M, Johansson EMJ, Sá J, Tian H, Johnston MB, Herz LM, Milot RL, Kanatzidis MG, Ke W, Spanopoulos I, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Lewis N, Meyer T, Nozik AJ, Beard MC, Armstrong F, Megarity CF, Schmuttenmaer CA, Batista VS, Brudvig GW. Nanotechnology for catalysis and solar energy conversion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:042003. [PMID: 33155576 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbce8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This roadmap on Nanotechnology for Catalysis and Solar Energy Conversion focuses on the application of nanotechnology in addressing the current challenges of energy conversion: 'high efficiency, stability, safety, and the potential for low-cost/scalable manufacturing' to quote from the contributed article by Nathan Lewis. This roadmap focuses on solar-to-fuel conversion, solar water splitting, solar photovoltaics and bio-catalysis. It includes dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells, and organic photovoltaics. Smart engineering of colloidal quantum materials and nanostructured electrodes will improve solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, as described in the articles by Waiskopf and Banin and Meyer. Semiconductor nanoparticles will also improve solar energy conversion efficiency, as discussed by Boschloo et al in their article on DSSCs. Perovskite solar cells have advanced rapidly in recent years, including new ideas on 2D and 3D hybrid halide perovskites, as described by Spanopoulos et al 'Next generation' solar cells using multiple exciton generation (MEG) from hot carriers, described in the article by Nozik and Beard, could lead to remarkable improvement in photovoltaic efficiency by using quantization effects in semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, wires or wells). These challenges will not be met without simultaneous improvement in nanoscale characterization methods. Terahertz spectroscopy, discussed in the article by Milot et al is one example of a method that is overcoming the difficulties associated with nanoscale materials characterization by avoiding electrical contacts to nanoparticles, allowing characterization during device operation, and enabling characterization of a single nanoparticle. Besides experimental advances, computational science is also meeting the challenges of nanomaterials synthesis. The article by Kohlstedt and Schatz discusses the computational frameworks being used to predict structure-property relationships in materials and devices, including machine learning methods, with an emphasis on organic photovoltaics. The contribution by Megarity and Armstrong presents the 'electrochemical leaf' for improvements in electrochemistry and beyond. In addition, biohybrid approaches can take advantage of efficient and specific enzyme catalysts. These articles present the nanoscience and technology at the forefront of renewable energy development that will have significant benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - N Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - L Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Freitag
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Sá
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - W Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - I Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - K L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - G C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - N Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Beckman Institute, 210 Noyes Laboratory, 127-72 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - T Meyer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - A J Nozik
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States of America
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Department of Chemistry, 80309, United States of America
| | - M C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States of America
| | - F Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C F Megarity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
| | - V S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
| | - G W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
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138
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Li X, Hoffman JM, Kanatzidis MG. The 2D Halide Perovskite Rulebook: How the Spacer Influences Everything from the Structure to Optoelectronic Device Efficiency. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2230-2291. [PMID: 33476131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding semiconducting materials thanks to their superior stability and structural diversity. However, the ever-growing field of optoelectronic device research using 2D perovskites requires systematic understanding of the effects of the spacer on the structure, properties, and device performance. So far, many studies are based on trial-and-error tests of random spacers with limited ability to predict the resulting structure of these synthetic experiments, hindering the discovery of novel 2D materials to be incorporated into high-performance devices. In this review, we provide guidelines on successfully choosing spacers and incorporating them into crystalline materials and optoelectronic devices. We first provide a summary of various synthetic methods to act as a tutorial for groups interested in pursuing synthesis of novel 2D perovskites. Second, we provide our insights on what kind of spacer cations can stabilize 2D perovskites followed by an extensive review of the spacer cations, which have been shown to stabilize 2D perovskites with an emphasis on the effects of the spacer on the structure and optical properties. Next, we provide a similar explanation for the methods used to fabricate films and their desired properties. Like the synthesis section, we will then focus on various spacers that have been used in devices and how they influence the film structure and device performance. With a comprehensive understanding of these effects, a rational selection of novel spacers can be made, accelerating this already exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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139
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Xie G, Wang L, Li P, Song S, Yao C, Wang S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Tao X. Low-Dimensional Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites Single Crystals via Bifunctional Amino Acid Cross-Linkage: Structural Diversity and Properties Controllability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3325-3335. [PMID: 33400480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional perovskite AMX3 has great potential in photoelectric applications, but the poor stability is a major problem that restricts its practical application. The emergence of lower dimensional perovskite solves this problem. Here, we have synthesized a group of novel low-dimensional perovskites with diverse structures. Different amino acids were incorporated in the perovskite cage. The formulas of the compounds are (A')mPbIm+2 (A' = COOH(CH2)nNH2, n = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9). These families of materials demonstrate structure-related stability, tunable bandgap, and different photoluminescence. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicated that the five materials employ different structure types varying from edge-sharing structures to face- and corner-sharing Pb/I structures by adjusting the number of C atoms in organic cations, and the level of [PbI6]4- octahedral distortion was also identified. The film prepared using these materials with longer carbon chains (n = 5, 7, 9) showed better stability, and they did not decompose within one year at 75% RH, 40 °C. The bifunctional organic ions containing carboxyl groups as spacer cations will form additional hydrogen bonding between perovskite layers, resulting in higher stability of the material. The band gaps of these materials vary from 2.19 to 2.6 eV depending on the octahedral connection mode and [PbI6]4- octahedral distortion level, density functional theory calculations (DFT) are consistent with our experimental trends and suggest that the face-sharing structure has the maximum band gap due to its flatter electron band structure. Bright green fluorescence was observed in (COOH(CH2)7NH3)2PbI4 and (COOH(CH2)9NH3)2PbI4 when excited by 365 nm UV light. A thorough comprehension of the structure-property relationships is of great significance for further practical applications of perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peizhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Changlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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140
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Jiang X, Chen S, Li Y, Zhang L, Shen N, Zhang G, Du J, Fu N, Xu B. Direct Surface Passivation of Perovskite Film by 4-Fluorophenethylammonium Iodide toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2558-2565. [PMID: 33416305 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passivating the defective surface of perovskite films is becoming a particularly effective approach to further boost the efficiency and stability of their solar cells. Organic ammonium halide salts are extensively utilized as passivation agents in the form of their corresponding 2D perovskites to construct the 2D/3D perovskite bilayer architecture for superior device performance; however, this bilayer device partly suffers from the postannealing-induced destructiveness to the 3D perovskite bulk and charge transport barrier induced by the quantum confinement existing in the 2D perovskite. Hence, developing direct passivation of the perovskite layer by organic ammonium halides for high-performance devices can well address the above-mentioned issues, which has rarely been explored. Herein, an effective passivation strategy is proposed to directly modify the perovskite surface with an organic halide salt 4-fluorophenethylammonium iodide (F-PEAI) without further postannealing. The F-PEAI passivation largely inhibits the formation of the iodine vacancies and thus dramatically reduces the film defects, resulting in a much slower charge trapping process. Consequently, the F-PEAI-modified device achieves a much higher champion efficiency (21%) than that (19.5%) of the control device, which dominantly results from more efficient suppression of interfacial nonradiative recombination and the subsequent decreased recombination losses. Additionally, the F-PEAI-treated device maintains 90% of its initial efficiency after 720 h of humidity aging owing to the enhanced hydrophobicity and decreased trap states, highlighting good ambient stability. These results provide an effective passivation strategy toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongzhuo Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Guoge Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Nianqing Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Baomin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
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141
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Hope MA, Nakamura T, Ahlawat P, Mishra A, Cordova M, Jahanbakhshi F, Mladenović M, Runjhun R, Merten L, Hinderhofer A, Carlsen BI, Kubicki DJ, Gershoni-Poranne R, Schneeberger T, Carbone LC, Liu Y, Zakeeruddin SM, Lewinski J, Hagfeldt A, Schreiber F, Rothlisberger U, Grätzel M, Milić JV, Emsley L. Nanoscale Phase Segregation in Supramolecular π-Templating for Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics from NMR Crystallography. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1529-1538. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Hope
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Technology Innovation Division, Panasonic Corporation, Osaka 570-8501, Japan
| | - Paramvir Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cordova
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marko Mladenović
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Rashmi Runjhun
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Brian I. Carlsen
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J. Kubicki
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Loï C. Carbone
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Janusz Lewinski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jovana V. Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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142
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Engineering fluorinated-cation containing inverted perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of >21% and improved stability towards humidity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:52. [PMID: 33397913 PMCID: PMC7782759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with a simple active layer are desirable for manufacturing. Three-dimensional perovskite solar cells are most efficient but need to have improved environmental stability. Inclusion of larger ammonium salts has led to a trade-off between improved stability and efficiency, which is attributed to the perovskite films containing a two-dimensional component. Here, we show that addition of 0.3 mole percent of a fluorinated lead salt into the three-dimensional methylammonium lead iodide perovskite enables low temperature fabrication of simple inverted solar cells with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 21.1%. The perovskite layer has no detectable two-dimensional component at salt concentrations of up to 5 mole percent. The high concentration of fluorinated material found at the film-air interface provides greater hydrophobicity, increased size and orientation of the surface perovskite crystals, and unencapsulated devices with increased stability to high humidity.
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143
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Akman E, Akin S. Poly(N,N'-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N'-bisphenyl)benzidine-Based Interfacial Passivation Strategy Promoting Efficiency and Operational Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells in Regular Architecture. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006087. [PMID: 33289215 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The failure of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to maintain their maximum efficiency over a prolonged time is due to the deterioration of the light harvesting material under environmental factors such as humidity, heat, and light. Systematically elucidating and eliminating such degradation pathways are critical to imminent commercial use of this technology. Here, a straightforward approach is introduced to reduce the level of defect-states present at the perovskite and hole transporting layer interface by treating the various perovskite surfaces with poly(N,N'-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N'-bisphenyl)benzidine (polyTPD) molecules. This strategy significantly suppresses the defect-mediated non-radiative recombination in the ensuing devices and prevents the penetration of degrading agents into the inner layers by passivating the perovskite surface and grain boundaries. Suppressed non-radiative recombination and improved interfacial hole extraction result in PSCs with stabilized efficiency exceeding 21% with negligible hysteresis (≈19.1% for control device). Moreover, ultra-hydrophobic polyTPD passivant considerably alleviates moisture penetration, showing ≈91% retention of initial efficiencies after 300 h storage at high relative humidity of 80%. Similarly, passivated device retains 94% of its initial efficiency after 800 h under operational conditions (maximum power point tracking under continuous illumination at 60 °C). In addition to interfacial passivation function, hole-selective role of dopant-free polyTPD is also evaluated and discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Akman
- Scientific and Technological Research and Application Center, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey
| | - Seckin Akin
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey
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144
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Zhang X, Huang H, Maung YM, Yuan J, Ma W. Aromatic amine-assisted pseudo-solution-phase ligand exchange in CsPbI 3 perovskite quantum dot solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7906-7909. [PMID: 34286746 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, a pseudo-solution-phase ligand exchange (p-SPLE) strategy is developed for fabricating a CsPbI3 quantum dot (QD) solar cell. Using short organic aromatic ligands to partly replace the long-chain ligands in a QD solution, the p-SPLE treated CsPbI3 QD solar cell had an enhanced power conversion efficiency of up to 14.65% together with improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hehe Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yin Maung Maung
- Department of Physics, University of Yangon, Pyay Road, Yangon 11181, Myanmar
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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145
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Qi W, Zhou X, Li J, Cheng J, Li Y, Ko MJ, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Inorganic material passivation of defects toward efficient perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:2022-2032. [PMID: 36659061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface passivation with organic materials is one of the most effective and popular strategies to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the secondary bonding formed between organic molecules and perovskite layers is still not strong enough to protect the perovskite absorber from degradation initialized by oxygen and water attacking at defects. Recently, passivation with inorganic materials has gradually been favored by researchers due to the effectiveness of chemical and mechanical passivation. Lead-containing substances, alkali metal halides, transition elements, oxides, hydrophobic substances, etc. have already been applied to the surface and interfacial passivation of PSCs. These inorganic substances mainly manipulate the nucleation and crystallization process of perovskite absorbers by chemically passivating defects along grain boundaries and surface or forming a mechanically protective layer simultaneously to prevent the penetration of moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the PSCs. Herein, we mainly summarize inorganic passivating materials and their individual passivation principles and methods. Finally, this review offers a personal perspective for future research trends in the development of passivation strategies through inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qi
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuelong Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Min Jae Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China
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146
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Spanopoulos I, Ke W, Kanatzidis MG. In Quest of Environmentally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: A Perspective. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL, United States
| | - Weijun Ke
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL, United States
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147
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Baumeler T, Arora N, Hinderhofer A, Akin S, Greco A, Abdi-Jalebi M, Shivanna R, Uchida R, Liu Y, Schreiber F, Zakeeruddin SM, Friend RH, Graetzel M, Dar MI. Minimizing the Trade-Off between Photocurrent and Photovoltage in Triple-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10188-10195. [PMID: 33205977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Its lower bandgap makes formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) a more suitable candidate for single-junction solar cells than pure methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). However, its structural and thermodynamic stability is improved by introducing a significant amount of MA and bromide, both of which increase the bandgap and amplify trade-off between the photocurrent and photovoltage. Here, we simultaneously stabilized FAPbI3 into a cubic lattice and minimized the formation of photoinactive phases such as hexagonal FAPbI3 and PbI2 by introducing 5% MAPbBr3, as revealed by synchrotron X-ray scattering. We were able to stabilize the composition (FA0.95MA0.05Cs0.05)Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3, which exhibits a minimal trade-off between the photocurrent and photovoltage. This material shows low energetic disorder and improved charge-carrier dynamics as revealed by photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), respectively. This allowed the fabrication of operationally stable perovskite solar cells yielding reproducible efficiencies approaching 22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baumeler
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Neha Arora
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Seckin Akin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Greco
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ryusuke Uchida
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Energy and Material/Food Resources, Technology Innovation Division, Panasonic Corporation, 3-1-1 Yagumo-Naka-machi, Moriguchi City, Osaka 570-8501, Japan
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Graetzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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148
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149
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Mahmud MA, Duong T, Yin Y, Peng J, Wu Y, Lu T, Pham HT, Shen H, Walter D, Nguyen HT, Mozaffari N, Tabi GD, Liu Y, Andersson G, Catchpole KR, Weber KJ, White TP. In Situ Formation of Mixed-Dimensional Surface Passivation Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells with Dual-Isomer Alkylammonium Cations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005022. [PMID: 33201580 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dimensional engineering of perovskite solar cells has attracted significant research attention recently because of the potential to improve both device performance and stability. Here, a novel 2D passivation scheme for 3D perovskite solar cells is demonstrated using a mixed cation composition of 2D perovskite based on two different isomers of butylammonium iodide. The dual-cation 2D perovskite outperforms its single cation 2D counterparts in surface passivation quality, resulting in devices with an impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.21 V for a perovskite composition with an optical bandgap of ≈1.6 eV, and a champion efficiency of 23.27%. Using a combination of surface elemental analysis and valence electron spectra decomposition, it is shown that an in situ interaction between the 2D perovskite precursor and the 3D active layer results in surface intermixing of 3D and 2D perovskite phases, providing an effective combination of defect passivation and enhanced charge transfer, despite the semi-insulating nature of the 2D perovskite phase. The demonstration of the synergistic interaction of multiple organic spacer cations in a 2D passivation layer offers new opportunities for further enhancement of device performance with mixed dimensional perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Mahmud
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - The Duong
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yanting Yin
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jun Peng
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yiliang Wu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Teng Lu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Huyen T Pham
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Heping Shen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Daniel Walter
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Naeimeh Mozaffari
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Grace Dansoa Tabi
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yun Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Gunther Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Kylie R Catchpole
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Klaus J Weber
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas P White
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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150
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Kim KY, Park G, Cho J, Kim J, Kim JS, Jung J, Park K, You CY, Oh IH. Intrinsic Magnetic Order of Chemically Exfoliated 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Ultrathin Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005445. [PMID: 33241618 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thin film fabrication of 2D layered organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D-OIHPs) for spintronic applications has been attempted using solution-based process like Langmuir-Blodgett technique. However, monolayer or few-layered 2D magnets are not yet realized, even though a wide spectrum of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) OIHPs are known as quasi-2D Heisenberg magnets in bulk compounds. Here, chemical exfoliation by solvent engineering is applied to successfully synthesize large-sized, few unit-cell-thick 2D RP-OIHPs. Comprehensive structural characterization reveals that binary co-solvents with high relative polarity in spin coating technique are the most effective among nine kinds of solvents. Above all, this enables few-layered 2D RP-OIHP ultrathin films sustaining their intrinsic magnetic order. It is found that XY-like magnetic anisotropy driven by Jahn-Teller effect responsible for ferromagnetism in seven-layered (C6 H5 CH2 CH2 NH3 )2 CuCl4 ultrathin films remains very robust, whereas Ising-like dipolar anisotropy responsible for canted antiferromagnetism in ten-layered (C6 H5 CH2 CH2 NH3 )2 MnCl4 ultrathin films is greatly reduced. It is expected that ferromagnetism even at monolayer limit should be possible by means of further sophisticated solvent engineering as long as Jahn-Teller effect is active. The chemical exfoliation using solvent engineering unambiguously can bring about a new breakthrough in the development of 2D RP-OIHP van der Waals magnets for ultrahigh energy-efficient spintronic, opto-spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeon Kim
- Quantum Beam Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Park
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Cho
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Seo Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyong Jung
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonjin Park
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Yeol You
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Quantum Beam Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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