101
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Liu H, Zhang X, Zhao B, Wu B, Zhang H, Tang S. Simultaneous Measurements of Refractive Index and Methane Concentration through Electromagnetic Fano Resonance Coupling in All-Dielectric Metasurface. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113612. [PMID: 34067329 PMCID: PMC8196890 DOI: 10.3390/s21113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dual-parameter measurements of refractive index and methane concentration based on electromagnetic Fano resonance are proposed. Two independent Fano resonances can be produced through electric dipole and toroidal dipole resonance in an all-dielectric metasurface separately. The linear relationship between the spectral peak-shifts and the parameters to be measured will be obtained directly. The refractive index (RI) sensitivity and gas sensitivity are 1305.6 nm/refractive index unit (RIU), −0.295 nm/% for one resonance peak (dip1), and 456.6 nm/RIU, −0.61 nm/% for another resonance peak (dip2). Such a metasurface has simpler structure and higher sensitivity, which is beneficial for environmental gas monitoring or multi-parameter measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Benlei Zhao
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hancheng Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shoufeng Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Correspondence:
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102
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John-Herpin A, Kavungal D, von Mücke L, Altug H. Infrared Metasurface Augmented by Deep Learning for Monitoring Dynamics between All Major Classes of Biomolecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006054. [PMID: 33615570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the fascinating molecular world of biological processes are crucial for understanding diseases, developing diagnostics, and effective therapeutics. These processes are complex as they involve interactions between four major classes of biomolecules, i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which makes it important to be able to discriminate between all these different biomolecular species. In this work, a deep learning-augmented, chemically-specific nanoplasmonic technique that enables such a feat in a label-free manner to not disrupt native processes is presented. The method uses a highly sensitive multiresonant plasmonic metasurface in a microfluidic device, which enhances infrared absorption across a broadband mid-IR spectrum and in water, despite its strongly overlapping absorption bands. The real-time format of the optofluidic method enables the collection of a vast amount of spectrotemporal data, which allows the construction of a deep neural network to discriminate accurately between all major classes of biomolecules. The capabilities of the new method are demonstrated by monitoring of a multistep bioassay containing sucrose- and nucleotides-loaded liposomes interacting with a small, lipid membrane-perforating peptide. It is envisioned that the presented technology will impact the fields of biology, bioanalytics, and pharmacology from fundamental research and disease diagnostics to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian John-Herpin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Deepthy Kavungal
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lea von Mücke
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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103
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Shi Y, Li Z, Liu PY, Nguyen BTT, Wu W, Zhao Q, Chin LK, Wei M, Yap PH, Zhou X, Zhao H, Yu D, Tsai DP, Liu AQ. On-Chip Optical Detection of Viruses: A Review. ADVANCED PHOTONICS RESEARCH 2021; 2:2000150. [PMID: 33786535 PMCID: PMC7994989 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The current outbreak of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide has caused millions of fatalities and imposed a severe impact on our daily lives. Thus, the global healthcare system urgently calls for rapid, affordable, and reliable detection toolkits. Although the gold-standard nucleic acid amplification tests have been widely accepted and utilized, they are time-consuming and labor-intensive, which exceedingly hinder the mass detection in low-income populations, especially in developing countries. Recently, due to the blooming development of photonics, various optical chips have been developed to detect single viruses with the advantages of fast, label-free, affordable, and point of care deployment. Herein, optical approaches especially in three perspectives, e.g., flow-free optical methods, optofluidics, and surface-modification-assisted approaches, are summarized. The future development of on-chip optical-detection methods in the wave of emerging new ideas in nanophotonics is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Shi
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano FabricationInstitute of MicroelectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Patricia Yang Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Binh Thi Thanh Nguyen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Wenshuai Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Qianbin Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02141USA
| | - Minggui Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Peng Huat Yap
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore308232Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPCSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization of South China SeaHainan UniversityHaikou570228China
| | - Dan Yu
- Beijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijing100045China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
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104
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Kim I, Kim WS, Kim K, Ansari MA, Mehmood MQ, Badloe T, Kim Y, Gwak J, Lee H, Kim YK, Rho J. Holographic metasurface gas sensors for instantaneous visual alarms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/15/eabe9943. [PMID: 33827821 PMCID: PMC8026120 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid detection of biological and chemical substances in real time is particularly important for public health and environmental monitoring and in the military sector. If the process of substance detection to visual reporting can be implemented into a single miniaturized sensor, there could be a profound impact on practical applications. Here, we propose a compact sensor platform that integrates liquid crystals (LCs) and holographic metasurfaces to autonomously sense the existence of a volatile gas and provide an immediate visual holographic alarm. By combining the advantage of the rapid responses to gases realized by LCs with the compactness of holographic metasurfaces, we develop ultracompact gas sensors without additional complex instruments or machinery to report the visual information of gas detection. To prove the applicability of the compact sensors, we demonstrate a metasurface-integrated gas sensor on safety goggles via a one-step nanocasting process that is attachable to flat, curved, and flexible surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Gwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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105
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Kang M, Zhang S, Xiao M, Xu H. Merging Bound States in the Continuum at Off-High Symmetry Points. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:117402. [PMID: 33798377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.117402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) confine resonances embedded in a continuous spectrum by eliminating radiation loss. Merging multiple BICs provides a promising approach to further reduce the scattering losses caused by fabrication imperfections. However, to date, BIC merging has been limited to only the Γ point, which constrains potential application scenarios such as beam steering and directional vector beams. Here, we propose a new scheme to construct merging BICs at almost an arbitrary point in reciprocal space. Our approach utilizes the topological features of BICs on photonic crystal slabs, and we merge a Friedrich-Wintgen BIC and an accidental BIC. The Q factors of the resulting merging BIC are enhanced for a broad wave vector range compared with both the original Friedrich-Wintgen BIC and the accidental BIC. Since Friedrich-Wintgen BICs and accidental BICs are quite common in the band structure, our proposal provides a general approach to realize off-Γ merging BICs with superhigh Q factors that can substantially enhance nonlinear and quantum effects and boost the performance of on-chip photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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106
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Hertzog M, Munkhbat B, Baranov D, Shegai T, Börjesson K. Enhancing Vibrational Light-Matter Coupling Strength beyond the Molecular Concentration Limit Using Plasmonic Arrays. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1320-1326. [PMID: 33502874 PMCID: PMC7883392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational strong coupling is emerging as a promising tool to modify molecular properties by making use of hybrid light-matter states known as polaritons. Fabry-Perot cavities filled with organic molecules are typically used, and the molecular concentration limits the maximum reachable coupling strength. Developing methods to increase the coupling strength beyond the molecular concentration limit are highly desirable. In this Letter, we investigate the effect of adding a gold nanorod array into a cavity containing pure organic molecules using FT-IR microscopy and numerical modeling. Incorporation of the plasmonic nanorod array that acts as artificial molecules leads to an order of magnitude increase in the total coupling strength for the cavity with matching resonant frequency filled with organic molecules. Additionally, we observe a significant narrowing of the plasmon line width inside the cavity. We anticipate that these results will be a step forward in exploring vibropolaritonic chemistry and may be used in plasmon based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hertzog
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denis Baranov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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107
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Li Y, Xu L, Yang J, Deng G, Yin Z, Li X, Wang X. TM-polarized angle-dispersive metasurface for axisymmetric extension of beam steering angles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3211-3220. [PMID: 33770924 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Axisymmetric extension of beam steering angles by metasurfaces is of great interest due to its potential application in extending the angular scan range of existing phased arrays. This angle-multiplexed manipulation functionality requires anti-symmetrically angle-dispersive phase gradient, as well as anti-symmetric angular phase dispersion over continuous incident angles, which is difficult to be implemented by existing metasurfaces. In this work, a series of meta-atoms with asymmetric structures are developed to achieve the required phase response. Based on the asymmetric meta-atoms, an angle-dispersive metasurface for axisymmetric beam steering of transmitted transverse-magnetic (TM) wave is designed, fabricated and tested, whose simulation and experimental results demonstrate the axisymmetric extension capability of beam steering angles from -53° ≤ θi ≤ 53° to almost -90° ≤ θt ≤ 90°.
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108
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Liang Y, Lin H, Koshelev K, Zhang F, Yang Y, Wu J, Kivshar Y, Jia B. Full-Stokes Polarization Perfect Absorption with Diatomic Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1090-1095. [PMID: 33439662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterial-based perfect absorbers provide efficient ways for selective absorption of light with both linear or circular polarizations. Perfect absorption for an arbitrary polarization requires the development of subwavelength structures absorbing efficiently elliptically polarized light, but they remain largely unexplored. Here, we design and realize experimentally novel plasmonic metasurfaces for full-Stokes polarization perfect absorption in the mid-infrared. The metasurface unit cell consists of coupled anisotropic meta-atoms forming a diatomic metamolecule. The designed plasmonic metastructures provide a strong field enhancement by at least 1 order of magnitude higher than conventional perfect absorbers. In experiment, our plasmonic metasurfaces demonstrate sharp differentiation of spectral responses for an arbitrary pair of orthogonal polarization states (linear, circular, or elliptical) providing perfect absorption for one polarization with strong reflection for its counterpart. Our results suggest a novel route for efficient control of light polarization in metasurfaces offering numerous potential applications ranging from thermal imaging to chiral molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liang
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Han Lin
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Kirill Koshelev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre of Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and ▽The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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109
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Molinski J, Tadimety A, Burklund A, Zhang JXJ. Scalable Signature-Based Molecular Diagnostics Through On-chip Biomarker Profiling Coupled with Machine Learning. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2377-2399. [PMID: 32816167 PMCID: PMC7785517 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics have traditionally relied on discrete biological substances as diagnostic markers. In recent years however, advances in on-chip biomarker screening technologies and data analytics have enabled signature-based diagnostics. Such diagnostics aim to utilize unique combinations of multiple biomarkers or diagnostic 'fingerprints' rather than discrete analyte measurements. This approach has shown to improve both diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic specificity. In this review, signature-based diagnostics enabled by microfluidic and micro-/nano- technologies will be reviewed with a focus on device design and data analysis pipelines and methodologies. With increasing amounts of data available from microfluidic biomarker screening, isolation, and detection platforms, advanced data handling and analytics approaches can be employed. Thus, current data analysis approaches including machine learning and recent advances with image processing, along with potential future directions will be explored. Lastly, the needs and gaps in current literature will be elucidated to inform future efforts towards development of molecular diagnostics and biomarker screening technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molinski
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Amogha Tadimety
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Alison Burklund
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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110
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Xu J, Ren Z, Dong B, Liu X, Wang C, Tian Y, Lee C. Nanometer-Scale Heterogeneous Interfacial Sapphire Wafer Bonding for Enabling Plasmonic-Enhanced Nanofluidic Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12159-12172. [PMID: 32812748 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most effective surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) techniques, metal-insulator-metal structured metamaterial perfect absorbers possess an ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity in molecular infrared fingerprint detection. However, most of the localized electromagnetic fields (i.e., hotspots) are confined in the dielectric layer, hindering the interaction between analytes and hotspots. By replacing the dielectric layer with the nanofluidic channel, we develop a sapphire (Al2O3)-based mid-infrared (MIR) hybrid nanofluidic-SEIRA (HN-SEIRA) platform for liquid sensors with the aid of a low-temperature interfacial heterogeneous sapphire wafer direct bonding technique. The robust atomic bonding interface is confirmed by transmission electron microscope observation. We also establish a design methodology for the HN-SEIRA sensor using coupled-mode theory to carry out the loss engineering and experimentally validate its feasibility through the accurate nanogap control. Thanks to the capillary force, liquid analytes can be driven into sensing hotspots without external actuation systems. Besides, we demonstrate an in situ real-time dynamic monitoring process for the acetone molecular diffusion in deionized water. A small concentration change of 0.29% is distinguished and an ultrahigh sensitivity (0.8364 pmol-1 %) is achieved. With the aid of IR fingerprint absorption, our HN-SEIRA platform brings the selectivity of liquid molecules with similar refractive indexes. It also resolves water absorption issues in traditional IR liquid sensors thanks to the sub-nm long light path. Considering the wide transparency window of Al2O3 in MIR (up to 5.2 μm), the HN-SEIRA platform covers more IR absorption range for liquid sensing compared to fused glass commonly used in micro/nanofluidics. Leveraging the aforementioned advantages, our work provides insights into developing a MIR real-time liquid sensing platform with intrinsic IR fingerprint selectivity, label-free ultrahigh sensitivity, and ultralow analyte volume, demonstrating a way toward quantitative molecule identification and dynamic analysis for the chemical and biological reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Bowei Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xinmiao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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111
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Xu J, Jiang X, Guo C, Guo Y, Yan R, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Tan Z, Liu K. A suspended metasurface achieves complete light absorption: a 50 nm-thick optical nanomicrophone. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18049-18055. [PMID: 32608422 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02605k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considerably subtle vibrations can be detected by light signals. Commonly, this is achieved based on the phase change of light that can be attributed to the vibration of a movable mirror, which has been used in gravitational wave detection. For a homogeneous dielectric membrane, the thinner the membrane, the greater the membrane vibration amplitude will be with respect to the sound pressure. However, if the membrane is too thin, most of the light will transmit through the membrane and the sensitivity will be reduced. To resolve this contradiction, we have developed a metasurface membrane with a thickness of only 50 nm but a considerably high reflectivity. This membrane is integrated with a 100-nm-thick gold membrane to form a cavity that can achieve perfect absorption of light. The vibration of the metasurface, which records the sound wave information, can change the light absorption. The noise equivalent pressure of the proposed structure is several orders lower than those of the recently reported optoacoustic detectors, and the alternating current signal response can be enhanced by approximately 1500 times compared with that of a membrane without a metasurface. The integration of nanomechanical oscillators and ultrathin membranes with a metasurface may facilitate future ultrasensitive sound and ultrasonic detection and benefit optomechanic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China.
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112
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Han W, Zhao K, Pan C, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Cheng Z, Wang M. Fabrication of Ge 2Sb 2Te 5 crystal micro/nanostructures through single-shot Gaussian-shape femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:25250-25262. [PMID: 32907050 DOI: 10.1364/oe.394093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) laser-thin film interaction is one of the most practical methods for fabricating functional nanostructures. However, the details of the interaction mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate an abnormal ablation effect on nanofilms by using a tightly focused single fs laser pulse. After the irradiation of a single Gaussian-shaped femtosecond laser pulse, a molten micro/nanopatch at the irradiated central high-power zone is isolated from the surrounding film. The confined localized threshold effect is proposed as the main mechanism for the phase isolation. With this effect, the high refractive index dielectric Ge2Sb2Te5 crystal nanostructures can be fabricated by directed dewetting of the isolated molten micro/nanopatch on Si substrates. After the laser irradiation, the central isolated liquid through an amorphous GST film is transformed into a crystalline state after resolidification. The isolated central micro/nanopatch size can be controlled by the focused spot size and pulse energy, so that the morphologies (size, geometrical morphology, and distribution) of GST nanostructures can be flexibly modulated. Furthermore, separated solid and liquid phase states detected using spatial-temporal-resolved microscopy validates the crucial role of the confined-localized threshold effect in the dewetting effect based on the separated liquid phase.
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113
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Zhang X, Li Q, Liu F, Qiu M, Sun S, He Q, Zhou L. Controlling angular dispersions in optical metasurfaces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:76. [PMID: 32411361 PMCID: PMC7200735 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although metasurfaces have shown great potential for manipulating light, most previously realized meta-devices suffer from uncontrolled angular dispersions, making them unfavorable for many applications. Here, we propose a general strategy to realize optical metasurfaces with desired angular dispersions based on carefully controlling both the near-field couplings between meta-atoms and the radiation pattern of a single meta-atom. Utilizing such a strategy, we experimentally demonstrate a series of optical meta-devices with predesigned angular dispersions, including two incident-angle-insensitive absorbers, one incident-angle-selective absorber, and one multifunctional meta-polarizer whose functionality changes from a perfect mirror to a half-waveplate as the excitation angle varies. Finally, we design a gradient meta-device using meta-atom arrays with purposely controlled angular dispersions and numerically demonstrate that it can exhibit distinct wavefront-control functionalities when illuminated at different incident angles. Our findings establish a new platform for achieving angle-multiplexed functional meta-devices, significantly expanding the wave-manipulation capabilities of optical metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Feifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Meng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shulin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photonics and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qiong He
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093 China
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114
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Zhang F, Pu M, Gao P, Jin J, Li X, Guo Y, Ma X, Luo J, Yu H, Luo X. Simultaneous Full-Color Printing and Holography Enabled by Centimeter-Scale Plasmonic Metasurfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903156. [PMID: 32440472 PMCID: PMC7237853 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces enable novel ways to locally manipulate light's amplitude, phase, and polarization, underpinning a newly viable technology for applications, such as high-density optical storage, holography, and displays. Here, a high-security-level platform enabled by centimeter-scale plasmonic metasurfaces with full-color, high-purity, and enhanced-information-capacity properties is proposed. Multiple types of independent information can be embedded into a single metamark using full parameters of light, including amplitude, phase, and polarization. Under incoherent white light, the metamark appears as a polarization- and angle-encoded full-color image with flexibly controlled hue, saturation, and brightness, while switching to multiwavelength holograms under coherent laser illumination. More importantly, for actual applications, the extremely shallow functional layer makes such centimeter-scale plasmonic metamarks suitable for cost-effective mass production processes. Considering these superior performances of the presented multifunctional plasmonic metasurfaces, this work may find wide applications in anticounterfeiting, information security, high-density optical storage, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemMinistry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jinjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
| | - Honglin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemMinistry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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115
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Krishnamoorthy HNS, Adamo G, Yin J, Savinov V, Zheludev NI, Soci C. Infrared dielectric metamaterials from high refractive index chalcogenides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1692. [PMID: 32245976 PMCID: PMC7125163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-index dielectric materials are in great demand for nanophotonic devices and applications, from ultrathin optical elements to metal-free sub-diffraction light confinement and waveguiding. Here we show that chalcogenide topological insulators are particularly apt candidates for dielectric nanophotonics architectures in the infrared spectral range, by reporting metamaterial resonances in chalcogenide crystals sustained well inside the mid-infrared, choosing Bi2Te3 as case study within this family of materials. Strong resonant modulation of the incident electromagnetic field is achieved thanks to the exceptionally high refractive index ranging between 7 and 8 throughout the 2-10 μm region. Analysis of the complex mode structure in the metamaterial allude to the excitation of circular surface currents which could open pathways for enhanced light-matter interaction and low-loss plasmonic configurations by coupling to the spin-polarized topological surface carriers, thereby providing new opportunities to combine dielectric, plasmonic and magnetic metamaterials in a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N S Krishnamoorthy
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - G Adamo
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - J Yin
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - V Savinov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre & Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, London, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - N I Zheludev
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre & Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, London, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C Soci
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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116
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Zhang Z, Yang M, Yan X, Guo X, Li J, Yang Y, Wei D, Liu L, Xie J, Liu Y, Liang L, Yao J. The Antibody-Free Recognition of Cancer Cells Using Plasmonic Biosensor Platforms with the Anisotropic Resonant Metasurfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11388-11396. [PMID: 32077287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is vital and promising for portable and disposable biosensing devices to achieve on-site detection and analysis of cancer cells. Although traditional labeling techniques provide an accurate quantitative measurement, the complicated cell staining and high-cost measurements limit their further development. Here, we demonstrate a nonimmune biosensing technology. The plasmonic biosensors, which are based on anisotropic resonant split ring resonators in the terahertz range, successfully realize the antibody-free recognition of cancer cells. The dependences of Δf and the fitted phase slope on the cancer cell concentration at different polarizations give new perspective in hexagonal radar maps. The results indicate that the lung cancer cell A549 and liver cancer cell HepG2 can be distinguished and determined simply based on the enclosed shapes in the radar maps without any antibody introduction. The minimum concentration of identification reduces to as low as 1 × 104 cells/mL and such identification can be kept valid in a wide range of cell concentration, ranging from 104 to 105. The construction of two-dimensional extinction intensity cards of corresponding cancer cells based on the wavelet transform method also supplies corresponding information for the antibody-free recognition and determination of two cancer cells. Our plasmonic metasurface biosensors show a great potential in the determination and recognition of label-free cancer cells, being an alternative to nonimmune biosensing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information and Technology, Institute of Laser and Opto-Electronics, College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Maosheng Yang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- School of Electric Power, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information and Technology, Institute of Laser and Opto-Electronics, College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information and Technology, Institute of Laser and Opto-Electronics, College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dequan Wei
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Longhai Liu
- Advantest (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- Advantest (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lanju Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information and Technology, Institute of Laser and Opto-Electronics, College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information and Technology, Institute of Laser and Opto-Electronics, College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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117
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Zhong Y, Du L, Liu Q, Zhu L, Meng K, Zou Y, Zhang B. Ultrasensitive specific sensor based on all-dielectric metasurfaces in the terahertz range. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33018-33025. [PMID: 35515049 PMCID: PMC9056665 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrasensitive specific sensor based on all-dielectric metasurfaces in the terahertz range was proposed. The designed metasurfaces consist of multi pairs of tilted silicon bars on a SiO2 substrate with a high-Q Fano resonance feature. The peak of this high Q Fano resonance can form a wide reflection spectrum band by scanning the angle of the incident THz waves. Utilizing this angle-scanning strategy, we designed a metasurface sensor and its reflection spectrum band can cover the absorption peak of tyrosine and santonin. By depositing different thicknesses of tyrosine and santonin on the sensor, we have successfully identified them with a detection limit of 6.7 μg cm−2 and 59.35 μg cm−2, respectively. The performance of the sensor with high sensitivity has been analyzed in detail, showing an exciting prospect for identification of ‘fingerprint’ spectra in the terahertz region. An ultrasensitive specific sensor based on all-dielectric metasurfaces in the terahertz range was proposed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhong
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Lianghui Du
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
- Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
- Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
- Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center
| | - Kun Meng
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Yi Zou
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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118
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Kim KH. Low-index dielectric metasurfaces supported by metallic substrates for efficient second-harmonic generation in the blue-ultraviolet range. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7300-7305. [PMID: 32211657 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great importance of high-index materials for dielectric nanophotonics, their optical functionalities are significantly limited for diverse photonic applications and thus, the usability of low-index materials should be explored. This work proposes the use of metallic substrates for low-index dielectric metasurfaces for significantly enhancing the local field and their optical responses. Plasmon-assisted dipole resonances mainly contribute to field enhancement in dielectric nanoparticles comprising the metasurfaces, where the intensity enhancement increases on decreasing the index of the nanoparticles when supported by metallic substrates. Another challenge with the current high-index materials is strong optical losses in the blue-ultraviolet range, which limit their practical applications such as harmonic generations in this spectral range. For a pump with a peak intensity of about 3.4 GW cm-2, a metasurface of lithium niobate nanodisk array supported by a gold substrate generates second harmonic at 400 nm with an efficiency of about 5 × 10-2%, which is one order of magnitude higher than the previously reported efficiency of harmonic generation in this range. The results presented in this work promise the significant extension of the current nonlinear nanophotonics, which is limited to high-index semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyon Kim
- Institute of Physics, State Academy of Sciences, Unjong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
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119
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Lin Y, Xiang J, Feng T, Cao Q, Li J, Lan S, Liu J. High-Q Quasibound States in the Continuum for Nonlinear Metasurfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:253901. [PMID: 31922806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.253901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sharp electromagnetic resonances play an essential role in physics in general and optics in particular. The last decades have witnessed the successful developments of high-quality (Q) resonances in microcavities operating below the light line, which however is fundamentally challenging to access from free space. Alternatively, metasurface-based bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer a complementary solution of creating high-Q resonances in devices operating above the light line, yet the experimentally demonstrated Q factors under normal excitations are still limited. Here, we present the realizations of quasi-BIC under normal excitation with a record Q factor up to 18 511 by engineering the symmetry properties and the number of the unit cells in all-dielectric metasurface platforms. The high-Q quasi-BICs exhibit exceptionally high conversion efficiency for the third harmonic generation and even enable the second harmonic generation in Si metasurfaces. Such ultrasharp resonances achieved in this work may immediately boost the performances of BICs in a plethora of fundamental research and device applications, e.g., cavity QED, biosensing, nanolasing, and quantum light generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianhua Feng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qitao Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Sheng Lan
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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120
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Metasurface-generated complex 3-dimensional optical fields for interference lithography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21379-21384. [PMID: 31591229 PMCID: PMC6815187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908382116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast submicrometer-scale 3D printing techniques are of interest for various applications ranging from photonics and electronics to tissue engineering. Interference lithography is a versatile 3D printing method with the ability to generate complicated nanoscale structures. Its application, however, has been hindered by either the complicated setups in multibeam lithography that cause sensitivity and impede scalability or the limited level of control over the fabricated structure achievable with mask-assisted processes. Here, we show that metasurface masks can generate complex volumetric intensity distributions with submicrometer scales for fast and scalable 3D printing. These results push the limits of optical devices in controlling the light intensity distribution and significantly increase the realm of possibilities for 3D printing. Fast, large-scale, and robust 3-dimensional (3D) fabrication techniques for patterning a variety of structures with submicrometer resolution are important in many areas of science and technology such as photonics, electronics, and mechanics with a wide range of applications from tissue engineering to nanoarchitected materials. From several promising 3D manufacturing techniques for realizing different classes of structures suitable for various applications, interference lithography with diffractive masks stands out for its potential to fabricate complex structures at fast speeds. However, the interference lithography masks demonstrated generally suffer from limitations in terms of the patterns that can be generated. To overcome some of these limitations, here we propose the metasurface-mask–assisted 3D nanofabrication which provides great freedom in patterning various periodic structures. To showcase the versatility of this platform, we design metasurface masks that generate exotic periodic lattices like gyroid, rotated cubic, and diamond structures. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate a diffractive element that can generate the diamond lattice.
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121
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Chen S, Chen Z, Liu J, Cheng J, Zhou Y, Xiao L, Chen K. Ultra-Narrow Band Mid-Infrared Perfect Absorber Based on Hybrid Dielectric Metasurface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1350. [PMID: 31547054 PMCID: PMC6835744 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mid-infrared perfect absorbers (PAs) based on metamaterials have many applications in material analysis and spectral detection thanks to the associated strong light-matter interaction. Most of the PAs are built as 'metal nanostructure'-insulator-metals (MIM). In this paper, we propose an ultra-narrow band absorber based on dielectric metasurface with a metal film substrate. The absorptance comes from the plasmonic absorption in the metal film, where the absorption is enhanced (while the band of that is compressed) by the super cavity effect of the dielectric metasurface. Based on our numerical calculation, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) can reach 67 nm at 8 μm (8‱), which is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the resonance wavelength and much narrower than the theoretical FWHMs of MIM absorbers. Moreover, we studied their application in infrared thermal imaging, which also has more benefits than MIM absorbers. This kind of hybrid dielectric metasurface provides a new route to achieve ultra-narrow band perfect absorbers in the mid-infrared regime and can be broadly applied in detectors, thermal emitters and bio-spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chen
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Junku Liu
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Jierong Cheng
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of infrared imaging materials and detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Lin Xiao
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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122
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Bai W, Han Y, He X, Huang J, Chen D, Xu S, Xie W. All-optical switch and logic gates based on hybrid silicon-Ge 2Sb 2Te 5 metasurfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:7392-7396. [PMID: 31674387 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.007392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We numerically propose a hybrid metasurface (MS) to realize all-optical switch and logic gates in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band. Such MS consists of one silicon rod and one Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) rod pair. Utilizing the transition from an amorphous state to a crystalline state of GST, such MS can produce an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analogue with active control. Based on this, we realize all-optical switching at 1770 nm with a modulation depth of 84%. Besides, three different logic gates, NOT, NOR and OR, can also be achieved in this metadevice simultaneously. Thanks to the reversible and fast phase transition process of GST, this device possesses reconfigurable ability as well as fast response time, and has potential applications in future optical networks.
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123
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Toma M, Tawa K. Plasmonic coloration of silver nanodome arrays for a smartphone-based plasmonic biosensor. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3699-3708. [PMID: 36133538 PMCID: PMC9417651 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the utility of plasmonic coloration on silver nanodome arrays for sensitive and quantitative detection of biomolecules using a smartphone-based sensor is proposed. In particular, a quantitative analysis of DNA hybridization was achieved using the hue angle in the HSV color space obtained from a photograph of a sensing spot taken using a smartphone camera. Silver and gold nanodome arrays consisting of a polystyrene bead layer covered with a thin metal film can be created over a large area by a bottom-up fabrication process. The metal nanodome arrays exhibited unique colorations which can be tuned by the dome diameter ϕ, metal species, and refractive index of the surrounding medium. The measurement of the bulk refractive index sensitivity revealed that the Ag nanodome with ϕ = 500 nm can provide the highest sensitivity of up to 588 nm per refractive index unit. The detection of DNA hybridization was performed by using a bimetallic nanodome consisting of silver and thin gold overlayers and DNA modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for enhancing the sensor signals. Upon the immobilization of AuNPs, the Ag nanodome (ϕ = 200 nm) exhibited a large shift in the resonance wavelength accompanied by a dramatic change in coloration. The analysis of detection sensitivity of DNA hybridization using a model system revealed that colorimetric detection based on hue can be used for the quantitative detection of biomolecules in the same manner as the spectroscopic method with a few pM level of detectable concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Toma
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Japan 669-1337
| | - Keiko Tawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Japan 669-1337
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