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Jung K, Chang M, Steinecke A, Burke B, Choi Y, Oisi Y, Fitzpatrick D, Taniguchi H, Kwon HB. An adaptive behavioral control motif mediated by cortical axo-axonic inhibition. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1379-1393. [PMID: 37474640 PMCID: PMC10400431 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetically defined subgroups of inhibitory interneurons are thought to play distinct roles in learning, but heterogeneity within these subgroups has limited our understanding of the scope and nature of their specific contributions. Here we reveal that the chandelier cell (ChC), an interneuron type that specializes in inhibiting the axon-initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons, establishes cortical microcircuits for organizing neural coding through selective axo-axonic synaptic plasticity. We found that organized motor control is mediated by enhanced population coding of direction-tuned premotor neurons, with tuning refined through suppression of irrelevant neuronal activity. ChCs contribute to learning-dependent refinements by providing selective inhibitory control over individual pyramidal neurons rather than global suppression. Quantitative analysis of structural plasticity across axo-axonic synapses revealed that ChCs redistributed inhibitory weights to individual pyramidal neurons during learning. These results demonstrate an adaptive logic of the inhibitory circuit motif responsible for organizing distributed neural representations. Thus, ChCs permit efficient cortical computation in a targeted cell-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghoon Jung
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minhyeok Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - André Steinecke
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Oisi
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Hiroki Taniguchi
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Chronic Brain Injury program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA.
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.
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102
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Huang TH, Lin YS, Hsiao CW, Wang LY, Ajibola MI, Abdulmajeed WI, Lin YL, Li YJ, Chen CY, Lien CC, Chiu CD, Cheng IHJ. Differential expression of GABA A receptor subunits δ and α6 mediates tonic inhibition in parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1146278. [PMID: 37545878 PMCID: PMC10397515 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1146278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons mediate inhibition in neuronal circuitry and support normal brain function. Consequently, dysregulation of inhibition is implicated in various brain disorders. Parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons, the two major types of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus, exhibit distinct morpho-physiological properties and coordinate information processing and memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specialized properties of PV and SST interneurons remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the transcriptomic differences between these two classes of interneurons in the hippocampus using the ribosome tagging approach. The results revealed distinct expressions of genes such as voltage-gated ion channels and GABAA receptor subunits between PV and SST interneurons. Gabrd and Gabra6 were identified as contributors to the contrasting tonic GABAergic inhibition observed in PV and SST interneurons. Moreover, some of the differentially expressed genes were associated with schizophrenia and epilepsy. In conclusion, our results provide molecular insights into the distinct roles of PV and SST interneurons in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sian Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chiao-Wan Hsiao
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Musa Iyiola Ajibola
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Chiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Spine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Irene Han-Juo Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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103
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Kalivas PW, Gourley SL, Paulus MP. Intrusive thinking: Circuit and synaptic mechanisms of a transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105196. [PMID: 37094741 PMCID: PMC10249786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous thought is an adaptive cognitive process that can produce novel and insightful thought sequences useful in guiding future behavior. In many psychiatric disorders, spontaneous thinking becomes intrusive and uncontrolled, and can trigger symptoms such as craving, repetitive negative thinking and trauma-related memories. We link studies using clinical imaging and rodent modeling towards understanding the neurocircuitry and neuroplasticity of intrusive thinking. We propose a framework in which drugs or stress change the homeostatic set point of brain reward circuitry, which then impacts subsequent plasticity induced by drug/stress conditioned cues (metaplastic allostasis). We further argue for the importance of examining not only the canonical pre- and postsynapse, but also the adjacent astroglial protrusions and extracellular matrix that together form the tetrapartite synapse and that plasticity throughout the tetrapartite synapse is necessary for cue-induced drug or stress behaviors. This analysis reveals that drug use or trauma cause long-lasting allostatic brain plasticity that sets the stage for subsequent drug/trauma-associated cues to induce transient plasticity that can lead to intrusive thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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104
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Bygrave AM, Sengupta A, Jackert EP, Ahmed M, Adenuga B, Nelson E, Goldschmidt HL, Johnson RC, Zhong H, Yeh FL, Sheng M, Huganir RL. Btbd11 supports cell-type-specific synaptic function. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112591. [PMID: 37261953 PMCID: PMC10592477 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses in the brain exhibit cell-type-specific differences in basal synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we evaluated cell-type-specific specializations in the composition of glutamatergic synapses, identifying Btbd11 as an inhibitory interneuron-specific, synapse-enriched protein. Btbd11 is highly conserved across species and binds to core postsynaptic proteins, including Psd-95. Intriguingly, we show that Btbd11 can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation when expressed with Psd-95, supporting the idea that the glutamatergic postsynaptic density in synapses in inhibitory interneurons exists in a phase-separated state. Knockout of Btbd11 decreased glutamatergic signaling onto parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Further, both in vitro and in vivo, Btbd11 knockout disrupts network activity. At the behavioral level, Btbd11 knockout from interneurons alters exploratory behavior, measures of anxiety, and sensitizes mice to pharmacologically induced hyperactivity following NMDA receptor antagonist challenge. Our findings identify a cell-type-specific mechanism that supports glutamatergic synapse function in inhibitory interneurons-with implications for circuit function and animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ayesha Sengupta
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ella P Jackert
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mehroz Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Beloved Adenuga
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erik Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hana L Goldschmidt
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard C Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Felix L Yeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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105
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Paparella I, Vanderwalle G, Stagg CJ, Maquet P. An integrated measure of GABA to characterize post-stroke plasticity. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103463. [PMID: 37406594 PMCID: PMC10339061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and chronic neurological disability. Despite the improvements in stroke care, the number of patients affected by stroke keeps increasing and many stroke survivors are left permanently disabled. Current therapies are limited in efficacy. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying post-stroke recovery is therefore crucial to find new therapeutic options to address this medical burden. Long-lasting and widespread alterations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission seem to play a key role in stroke recovery. In this review we first discuss a possible model of GABAergic modulation of post-stroke plasticity. We then overview the techniques currently available to non-invasively assess GABA in patients and the conclusions drawn from this limited body of work. Finally, we address the remaining open questions to clarify GABAergic changes underlying post-stroke recovery, we briefly review possible ways to modulate GABA post stroke and propose a novel approach to thoroughly quantify GABA in stroke patients, by integrating its concentration, the activity of its receptors and its link with microstructural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Paparella
- GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gilles Vanderwalle
- GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Bâtiment B35, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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106
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Ayupe AC, Choi JS, Beckedorff F, Catanuto P, Mccartan R, Levay K, Park KK. Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing of Developing and Mature Superior Colliculus Identifies Neuronal Diversity and Candidate Mediators of Circuit Assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526254. [PMID: 36778361 PMCID: PMC9915630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The superior colliculus (SC) is a sensorimotor structure in the midbrain that integrates input from multiple sensory modalities to initiate motor commands. It undergoes well-characterized steps of circuit assembly during development, rendering the mouse SC a popular model to study establishment and refinement of neural connectivity. Here we performed single nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of the mouse SC isolated at various developmental time points. Our study provides a transcriptomic landscape of the cell types that comprise the SC across murine development with particular emphasis on neuronal heterogeneity. We used these data to identify Pax7 as a marker for an anatomically homogeneous population of GABAergic neurons. Lastly, we report a repertoire of genes differentially expressed across the different postnatal ages, many of which are known to regulate axon guidance and synapse formation. Our data provide a valuable resource for interrogating the mechanisms of circuit development, and identifying markers for manipulating specific SC neuronal populations and circuits.
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107
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Forro T, Klausberger T. Differential behavior-related activity of distinct hippocampal interneuron types during odor-associated spatial navigation. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00380-X. [PMID: 37279749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal pyramidal cells represent an animal's position in space together with specific contexts and events. However, it is largely unknown how distinct types of GABAergic interneurons contribute to such computations. We recorded from the intermediate CA1 hippocampus of head-fixed mice exhibiting odor-to-place memory associations during navigation in a virtual reality (VR). The presence of an odor cue and its prediction of a different reward location induced a remapping of place cell activity in the virtual maze. Based on this, we performed extracellular recording and juxtacellular labeling of identified interneurons during task performance. The activity of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing basket, but not of PV-expressing bistratified cells, reflected the expected contextual change in the working-memory-related sections of the maze. Some interneurons, including identified cholecystokinin-expressing cells, decreased activity during visuospatial navigation and increased activity during reward. Our findings suggest that distinct types of GABAergic interneuron are differentially involved in cognitive processes of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Forro
- Division of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Klausberger
- Division of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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108
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Chen L, Zhao S, Wang Y, Niu X, Zhang B, Li X, Peng D. Genetic Insights into Obesity and Brain: Combine Mendelian Randomization Study and Gene Expression Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371369 PMCID: PMC10295948 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major public-health concern, obesity is imposing an increasing social burden around the world. The link between obesity and brain-health problems has been reported, but controversy remains. To investigate the relationship among obesity, brain-structure changes and diseases, a two-stage analysis was performed. At first, we used the Mendelian-randomization (MR) approach to identify the causal relationship between obesity and cerebral structure. Obesity-related data were retrieved from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium and the UK Biobank, whereas the cortical morphological data were from the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Further, we extracted region-specific expressed genes according to the Allen Human Brian Atlas (AHBA) and carried out a series of bioinformatics analyses to find the potential mechanism of obesity and diseases. In the univariable MR, a higher body mass index (BMI) or larger visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was associated with a smaller global cortical thickness (pBMI = 0.006, pVAT = 1.34 × 10-4). Regional associations were found between obesity and specific gyrus regions, mainly in the fusiform gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. Multivariable MR results showed that a greater body fat percentage was linked to a smaller fusiform-gyrus thickness (p = 0.029) and precuneus surface area (p = 0.035). As for the gene analysis, region-related genes were enriched to several neurobiological processes, such as compound transport, neuropeptide-signaling pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. These genes contained a strong relationship with some neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and other disorders. Our results reveal a causal relationship between obesity and brain abnormalities and suggest a pathway from obesity to brain-structure abnormalities to neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leian Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaokun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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109
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Guo Z, Ni H, Cui Z, Zhu Z, Kang J, Wang D, Ke Z. Pain sensitivity related to gamma oscillation of parvalbumin interneuron in primary somatosensory cortex in Dync1i1 -/- mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106170. [PMID: 37257662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is an important intracellular motor protein that plays an important role in neuronal growth, axonal polarity formation, dendritic differentiation, and dendritic spine development among others. The intermediate chain of dynein, encoded by Dync1i1, plays a vital role in the dynein complex. Therefore, we assessed the behavioral and related neuronal activities in mice with dync1i1 gene knockout. Neuronal activities in primary somatosensory cortex were recorded by in vivo electrophysiology and manipulated by optogenetic and chemogenetics. Nociception of mechanical, thermal, and cold pain in Dync1i1-/- mice were impaired. The activities of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and gamma oscillation in primary somatosensory were also impaired when exposed to mechanical nociceptive stimulation. This neuronal dysfunction was rescued by optogenetic activation of PV neurons in Dync1i1-/- mice, and mimicked by suppressing PV neurons using chemogenetics in WT mice. Impaired pain sensations in Dync1i1-/- mice were correlated with impaired gamma oscillations due to a loss of interneurons, especially the PV type. This genotype-driven approach revealed an association between impaired pain sensation and cytoplasmic dynein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhao Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zilu Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiansheng Kang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories East District of The first affiliated hospital of ZhengZhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zunji Ke
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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110
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Hirota Y, Sakakibara Y, Takei K, Nishijima R, Sekiya M, Iijima KM. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Phospho-Tau181 Signals Are Localized to Demyelinated Axons of Parvalbumin-Positive GABAergic Interneurons in an App Knock-In Mouse Model of Amyloid-β Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230121. [PMID: 37212118 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tau protein phosphorylated at Thr181 (p-tau181) in cerebrospinal fluid and blood is a sensitive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased p-tau181 levels correlate well with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and precede neurofibrillary tangle formation in the early stage of AD; however, the relationship between p-tau181 and Aβ-mediated pathology is less well understood. We recently reported that p-tau181 represents axonal abnormalities in mice with Aβ pathology (AppNLGF). However, from which neuronal subtype(s) these p-tau181-positive axons originate remains elusive. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study is to differentiate neuronal subtype(s) and elucidate damage associated with p-tau181-positive axons by immunohistochemical analysis of AppNLGF mice brains. METHODS Colocalization between p-tau181 and (1) unmyelinated axons positive for vesicular acetylcholine transporter or norepinephrine transporter and (2) myelinated axons positive for vesicular glutamate transporter, vesicular GABA transporter, or parvalbumin in the brains of 24-month-old AppNLGF and control mice without Aβ pathology were analyzed. The density of these axons was also compared. RESULTS Unmyelinated axons of cholinergic or noradrenergic neurons did not overlap with p-tau181. By contrast, p-tau181 signals colocalized with myelinated axons of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons but not of glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, the density of unmyelinated axons was significantly decreased in AppNLGF mice, whereas that of glutamatergic, GABAergic, or p-tau181-positive axons was less affected. Instead, myelin sheaths surrounding p-tau181-positive axons were significantly reduced in AppNLGF mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that p-tau181 signals colocalize with axons of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons with disrupted myelin sheaths in the brains of a mouse model of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hirota
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sakakibara
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kimi Takei
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Risa Nishijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michiko Sekiya
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi M Iijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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111
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Canales A, Scheuer KS, Zhao X, Jackson MB. Unitary synaptic responses of parvalbumin interneurons evoked by excitatory neurons in the mouse barrel cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:5108-5121. [PMID: 36227216 PMCID: PMC10151880 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cortex integrates and processes information to transform sensory inputs into perceptions and motor outputs. These operations are performed by networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons distributed through the cortical layers. Parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs) are the most abundant type of inhibitory cortical neuron. With axons projecting within and between layers, PVIs supply feedforward and feedback inhibition to control and modulate circuit function. Distinct populations of excitatory neurons recruit different PVI populations, but the specializations of these synapses are poorly understood. Here, we targeted a genetically encoded hybrid voltage sensor to PVIs and used fluorescence imaging in mouse somatosensory cortex slices to record their voltage changes. Stimulating a single visually identified excitatory neuron with small-tipped theta-glass electrodes depolarized multiple PVIs, and a common threshold suggested that stimulation elicited unitary synaptic potentials in response to a single excitatory neuron. Excitatory neurons depolarized PVIs in multiple layers, with the most residing in the layer of the stimulated neuron. Spiny stellate cells depolarized PVIs more strongly than pyramidal cells by up to 77%, suggesting a greater role for stellate cells in recruiting PVI inhibition and controlling cortical computations. Response half-width also varied between different excitatory inputs. These results demonstrate functional differences between excitatory synapses on PVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Canales
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine S Scheuer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Meyer B Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
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112
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Rosenberg EC, Chamberland S, Bazelot M, Nebet ER, Wang X, McKenzie S, Jain S, Greenhill S, Wilson M, Marley N, Salah A, Bailey S, Patra PH, Rose R, Chenouard N, Sun SED, Jones D, Buzsáki G, Devinsky O, Woodhall G, Scharfman HE, Whalley BJ, Tsien RW. Cannabidiol modulates excitatory-inhibitory ratio to counter hippocampal hyperactivity. Neuron 2023; 111:1282-1300.e8. [PMID: 36787750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-euphoric component of cannabis, reduces seizures in multiple forms of pediatric epilepsies, but the mechanism(s) of anti-seizure action remain unclear. In one leading model, CBD acts at glutamatergic axon terminals, blocking the pro-excitatory actions of an endogenous membrane phospholipid, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), at the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55. However, the impact of LPI-GPR55 signaling at inhibitory synapses and in epileptogenesis remains underexplored. We found that LPI transiently increased hippocampal CA3-CA1 excitatory presynaptic release probability and evoked synaptic strength in WT mice, while attenuating inhibitory postsynaptic strength by decreasing GABAARγ2 and gephyrin puncta. LPI effects at excitatory and inhibitory synapses were eliminated by CBD pre-treatment and absent after GPR55 deletion. Acute pentylenetrazole-induced seizures elevated GPR55 and LPI levels, and chronic lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis potentiated LPI's pro-excitatory effects. We propose that CBD exerts potential anti-seizure effects by blocking LPI's synaptic effects and dampening hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Rosenberg
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Simon Chamberland
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Bazelot
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK; GW Research Ltd, Histon, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erica R Nebet
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sam McKenzie
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Swati Jain
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg. 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Stuart Greenhill
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Max Wilson
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicole Marley
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alejandro Salah
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shanice Bailey
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Pabitra Hriday Patra
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Department of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicolas Chenouard
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Simón E D Sun
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Drew Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gavin Woodhall
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg. 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Benjamin J Whalley
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK; GW Research Ltd, Histon, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard W Tsien
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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113
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Liu M, Sun X. Spatial integration of dendrites in fast-spiking basket cells. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132980. [PMID: 37081933 PMCID: PMC10110864 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrites of fast-spiking basket cells (FS BCs) impact neural circuit functions in brain with both supralinear and sublinear integration strategies. Diverse spatial synaptic inputs and active properties of dendrites lead to distinct neuronal firing patterns. How the FS BCs with this bi-modal dendritic integration respond to different spatial dispersion of synaptic inputs remains unclear. In this study, we construct a multi-compartmental model of FS BC and analyze neuronal firings following simulated synaptic protocols from fully clustered to fully dispersed. Under these stimulation protocols, we find that supralinear dendrites dominate somatic firing of FS BC, while the preference for dispersing is due to sublinear dendrites. Moreover, we find that dendritic diameter and Ca2+-permeable AMPA conductance play an important role in it, while A-type K+ channel and NMDA conductance have little effect. The obtained results may give some implications for understanding dendritic computation.
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114
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Barrutieta-Arberas I, Ortuzar N, Vaquero-Rodríguez A, Picó-Gallardo M, Bengoetxea H, Guevara MA, Gargiulo PA, Lafuente JV. The role of ketamine in major depressive disorders: Effects on parvalbumin-positive interneurons in hippocampus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:588-595. [PMID: 37158084 PMCID: PMC10350797 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231170007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex illness that is arising as a growing public health concern. Although several brain areas are related to this type of disorders, at the cellular level, the parvalbumin-positive cells of the hippocampus interplay a very relevant role. They control pyramidal cell bursts, neuronal networks, basic microcircuit functions, and other complex neuronal tasks involved in mood disorders. In resistant depressions, the efficacy of current antidepressant treatments drops dramatically, so the new rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs) are being postulated as novel treatments. Ketamine at subanesthetic doses and its derivative metabolites have been proposed as RAADs due to their rapid and sustained action by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which in turn lead to the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This mechanism produces a rapid plasticity activation mediated by neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse recovery, and increased dendritic spines and therefore, it is a promising therapeutic approach to improve cognitive symptoms in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barrutieta-Arberas
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - N Ortuzar
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - A Vaquero-Rodríguez
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - M Picó-Gallardo
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - H Bengoetxea
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - MA Guevara
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Cuyo, 5502 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - PA Gargiulo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Cuyo, 5502 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - JV Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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115
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Wang X, Shu Z, He Q, Zhang X, Li L, Zhang X, Li L, Xiao Y, Peng B, Guo F, Wang DH, Shu Y. Functional Autapses Form in Striatal Parvalbumin Interneurons but not Medium Spiny Projection Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:576-588. [PMID: 36502511 PMCID: PMC10073377 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autapses selectively form in specific cell types in many brain regions. Previous studies have also found putative autapses in principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the striatum. However, it remains unclear whether these neurons indeed form physiologically functional autapses. We applied whole-cell recording in striatal slices and identified autaptic cells by the occurrence of prolonged asynchronous release (AR) of neurotransmitters after bursts of high-frequency action potentials (APs). Surprisingly, we found no autaptic AR in SPNs, even in the presence of Sr2+. However, robust autaptic AR was recorded in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons. The autaptic responses were mediated by GABAA receptors and their strength was dependent on AP frequency and number. Further computer simulations suggest that autapses regulate spiking activity in PV cells by providing self-inhibition and thus shape network oscillations. Together, our results indicate that PV neurons, but not SPNs, form functional autapses, which may play important roles in striatal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Systems Science and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenfeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Quansheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luozheng Li
- School of Systems Science and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Da-Hui Wang
- School of Systems Science and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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116
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Victorino DB, Faber J, Pinheiro DJLL, Scorza FA, Almeida ACG, Costa ACS, Scorza CA. Toward the Identification of Neurophysiological Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: A Potential Role for Cross-Frequency Phase-Amplitude Coupling Analysis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:428-449. [PMID: 37008053 PMCID: PMC10017148 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) mechanisms play a central role in brain activity. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to many brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may produce unique patterns of brain activity detectable by electroencephalography (EEG). Identifying biomarkers for AD diagnosis is also an ambition among research teams working in Down syndrome (DS), given the increased susceptibility of people with DS to develop early-onset AD (DS-AD). Here, we review accumulating evidence that altered theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) may be one of the earliest EEG signatures of AD, and therefore may serve as an adjuvant tool for detecting cognitive decline in DS-AD. We suggest that this field of research could potentially provide clues to the biophysical mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in DS-AD and generate opportunities for identifying EEG-based biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic utility in DS-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella B Victorino
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jean Faber
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel J. L. L Pinheiro
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antônio C. G Almeida
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alberto C. S Costa
- Division of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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117
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Ren J, Flamant F. Thyroid hormone as a temporal switch in mouse development. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e220225. [PMID: 36715693 PMCID: PMC10083660 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are known to trigger metamorphosis in an amphibian. This review discusses the hypothesis according to which they act in a similar manner to synchronize the post-natal development of mice, using brain, brown adipose tissue, and heart as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
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118
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Griebel M, Segebarth D, Stein N, Schukraft N, Tovote P, Blum R, Flath CM. Deep learning-enabled segmentation of ambiguous bioimages with deepflash2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1679. [PMID: 36973256 PMCID: PMC10043282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioimages frequently exhibit low signal-to-noise ratios due to experimental conditions, specimen characteristics, and imaging trade-offs. Reliable segmentation of such ambiguous images is difficult and laborious. Here we introduce deepflash2, a deep learning-enabled segmentation tool for bioimage analysis. The tool addresses typical challenges that may arise during the training, evaluation, and application of deep learning models on ambiguous data. The tool's training and evaluation pipeline uses multiple expert annotations and deep model ensembles to achieve accurate results. The application pipeline supports various use-cases for expert annotations and includes a quality assurance mechanism in the form of uncertainty measures. Benchmarked against other tools, deepflash2 offers both high predictive accuracy and efficient computational resource usage. The tool is built upon established deep learning libraries and enables sharing of trained model ensembles with the research community. deepflash2 aims to simplify the integration of deep learning into bioimage analysis projects while improving accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Griebel
- Department of Business and Economics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Dennis Segebarth
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Stein
- Department of Business and Economics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Schukraft
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philip Tovote
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Flath
- Department of Business and Economics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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119
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Jung K, Chang M, Steinecke A, Berke B, Choi Y, Oisi Y, Fitzpatrick D, Taniguchi H, Kwon HB. An adaptive behavioral control motif mediated by cortical axo-axonic inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.10.531767. [PMID: 36945592 PMCID: PMC10029003 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.531767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits are reorganized with specificity during learning. Genetically-defined subgroups of inhibitory interneurons are thought to play distinct roles in learning, but heterogeneity within these subgroups has limited our understanding of the scope and nature of their specific contributions to learning. Here we reveal that the chandelier cell (ChC), an interneuron type that specializes in inhibiting the axon-initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons, establishes cortical microcircuits for organizing neural coding through selective axo-axonic synaptic plasticity. We find that organized motor control is mediated by enhanced population coding of direction-tuned premotor neurons, whose tuning is refined through suppression of irrelevant neuronal activity. ChCs are required for learning-dependent refinements via providing selective inhibitory control over pyramidal neurons rather than global suppression. Quantitative analysis on structural plasticity of axo-axonic synapses revealed that ChCs redistributed inhibitory weights to individual pyramidal neurons during learning. These results demonstrate an adaptive logic of the inhibitory circuit motif responsible for organizing distributed neural representations. Thus, ChCs permit efficient cortical computation in a target cell specific manner, which highlights the significance of interneuron diversity.
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120
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Hyun JH, Hannan P, Iwamoto H, Blakely RD, Kwon HB. Serotonin in the orbitofrontal cortex enhances cognitive flexibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531880. [PMID: 36945634 PMCID: PMC10028980 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is a brain's ability to switch between different rules or action plans depending on the context. However, cellular level understanding of cognitive flexibility have been largely unexplored. We probed a specific serotonergic pathway from dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) while animals are performing reversal learning task. We found that serotonin release from DRN to the OFC promotes reversal learning. A long-range connection between these two brain regions was confirmed anatomically and functionally. We further show that spatiotemporally precise serotonergic action directly enhances the excitability of OFC neurons and offers enhanced spike probability of OFC network. Serotonergic action facilitated the induction of synaptic plasticity by enhancing Ca2+ influx at dendritic spines in the OFC. Thus, our findings suggest that a key signature of flexibility is the formation of choice specific ensembles via serotonin-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Hyun
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Patrick Hannan
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Biomedical Science and Brain Institute, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Randy D. Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science and Brain Institute, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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121
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Ghirardini E, Sagona G, Marquez-Galera A, Calugi F, Navarron CM, Cacciante F, Chen S, Di Vetta F, Dadà L, Mazziotti R, Lupori L, Putignano E, Baldi P, Lopez-Atalaya JP, Pizzorusso T, Baroncelli L. Cell-specific vulnerability to metabolic failure: the crucial role of parvalbumin expressing neurons in creatine transporter deficiency. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 36882863 PMCID: PMC9990224 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the solute carrier family 6-member 8 (Slc6a8) gene, encoding the protein responsible for cellular creatine (Cr) uptake, cause Creatine Transporter Deficiency (CTD), an X-linked neurometabolic disorder presenting with intellectual disability, autistic-like features, and epilepsy. The pathological determinants of CTD are still poorly understood, hindering the development of therapies. In this study, we generated an extensive transcriptomic profile of CTD showing that Cr deficiency causes perturbations of gene expression in excitatory neurons, inhibitory cells, and oligodendrocytes which result in remodeling of circuit excitability and synaptic wiring. We also identified specific alterations of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons, exhibiting a reduction in cellular and synaptic density, and a hypofunctional electrophysiological phenotype. Mice lacking Slc6a8 only in PV+ interneurons recapitulated numerous CTD features, including cognitive deterioration, impaired cortical processing and hyperexcitability of brain circuits, demonstrating that Cr deficit in PV+ interneurons is sufficient to determine the neurological phenotype of CTD. Moreover, a pharmacological treatment targeted to restore the efficiency of PV+ synapses significantly improved cortical activity in Slc6a8 knock-out animals. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Slc6a8 is critical for the normal function of PV+ interneurons and that impairment of these cells is central in the disease pathogenesis, suggesting a novel therapeutic venue for CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ghirardini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128, Calambrone (PI), Italy. .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sagona
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angel Marquez-Galera
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Santiago Ramon Y Cajal, S/N, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesco Calugi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Di San Salvi 12, 50135, Florence, Italy.,BIO@SNS Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore Di Pisa, Piazza Dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmen M Navarron
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Santiago Ramon Y Cajal, S/N, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesco Cacciante
- BIO@SNS Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore Di Pisa, Piazza Dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3435, USA
| | - Federica Di Vetta
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dadà
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Di San Salvi 12, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128, Calambrone (PI), Italy
| | - Elena Putignano
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3435, USA
| | - Jose P Lopez-Atalaya
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Santiago Ramon Y Cajal, S/N, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,BIO@SNS Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore Di Pisa, Piazza Dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128, Calambrone (PI), Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Gamma-band oscillations of pain and nociception: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human and rodent studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105062. [PMID: 36682424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pain-induced gamma-band oscillations (GBOs) are one of the most promising biomarkers of the pain experience. Although GBOs reliably encode pain perception across different individuals and species, considerable heterogeneity could be observed in the characteristics and functions of GBOs. However, such heterogeneity of GBOs and its underlying sources have rarely been detailed previously. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the temporal, frequential, and spatial characteristics of GBOs and summarize the functional significance of distinct GBOs. We found that GBO heterogeneity was mainly related to pain types, with a higher frequency (∼66 Hz) GBOs at the sensorimotor cortex elicited by phasic pain and a lower frequency (∼55 Hz) GBOs at the prefrontal cortex associated with tonic and chronic pains. Positive correlations between GBO magnitudes and pain intensity were observed in healthy participants. Notably, the characteristics and functions of GBOs seemed to be phylogenetically conserved across humans and rodents. Altogether, we provided a comprehensive description of heterogeneous GBOs in pain and nociception, laying the foundation for clinical applications of GBOs.
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123
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Reduced inhibitory and excitatory input onto parvalbumin interneurons mediated by perineuronal net might contribute to cognitive impairments in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109382. [PMID: 36543316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is commonly defined as diffuse brain dysfunction and can manifest as delirium to coma. Accumulating evidence has suggested that perineuronal net (PNN) plays an important role in the modulation of the synaptic plasticity of central nervous system. We here investigated the role of PNN in SAE induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Behavioral tests were performed by open field, Y-maze, and fear conditioning tests at the indicated time points. The densities of vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid transporter, vesicular glutamate transporter 1, PNN, and parvalbumin (PV) in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) expression and its activity were detected by Western blot and gel zymography, respectively. Local field potential was recorded by in vivo electrophysiology. LPS-treated mice displayed significant cognitive impairments, coincided with activated MMP-9, decreased PNN and PV densities, reduced inhibitory and excitatory input onto PV interneurons enwrapped by PNN, and decreased gamma oscillations in hippocampal CA1. Notably, MMP-9 inhibitor SB-3CT treatment rescued most of these abnormalities. Taken together, our study demonstrates that active MMP-9 mediated PNN remodeling, leading to reduced inhibitory and excitatory input onto PV interneurons and abnormal gamma oscillations in hippocampal CA1, which consequently contributed to cognitive impairments after LPS injection.
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Singh M, Sapkota K, Sakimura K, Kano M, Cowell RM, Overstreet-Wadiche L, Hablitz JJ, Nakazawa K. Maturation of GABAergic Synaptic Transmission From Neocortical Parvalbumin Interneurons Involves N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Recruitment of Cav2.1 Channels. Neuroscience 2023; 513:38-53. [PMID: 36682446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction during brain development is likely to contribute to the manifestation of schizophrenia (SCZ) in young adulthood. The cellular targets of NMDAR hypofunction appear to be at least in part corticolimbic fast-spiking (FS) interneurons. However, functional alterations in parvalbumin (PV)-positive FS interneurons following NMDAR hypofunction are poorly understood. Paired patch-clamp recordings from murine cortical PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons revealed that genetic deletion of NMDAR subunit Grin1 in prospective PV interneurons before the second postnatal week impaired evoked- and synchronized-GABA release. Whereas intrinsic excitability and spiking characteristics were also disturbed by Grin1 deletion, neither restoring their excitability by K+ channel blockade nor increasing extracellular Ca2+ rescued the GABA release. GABA release was also insensitive to the Cav2.1 channel antagonist ω-agatoxin IVA. Heterozygous deletion of Cacna1a gene (encoding Cav2.1) in PV interneurons produced a similar GABA release phenotype as the Grin1 mutants. Treatment with the Cav2.1/2.2 channel agonist GV-58 augmented somatic Ca2+ currents and GABA release in Cacna1a-haploinsufficient PV interneurons, but failed to enhance GABA release in the Grin1-deleted PV interneurons. Taken together, our results suggest that Grin1 deletion in prospective PV interneurons impairs proper maturation of membrane excitability and Cav2.1-recruited evoked GABA release. This may increase synaptic excitatory/inhibitory ratio in principal neurons, contributing to the emergence of SCZ-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - John J Hablitz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kazu Nakazawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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125
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Lu X, Lambert P, Benz A, Zorumski CF, Mennerick SJ. Allopregnanolone Effects on Inhibition in Hippocampal Parvalbumin Interneurons. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0392-22.2023. [PMID: 36725341 PMCID: PMC10012327 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0392-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (AlloP) is a neurosteroid that potentiates ionotropic GABAergic (GABAA) inhibition and is approved for treating postpartum depression in women. Although the antidepressant mechanism of AlloP is largely unknown, it could involve selective action at GABAA receptors containing the δ subunit. Despite previous evidence for selective effects of AlloP on α4/δ-containing receptors of hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs), other recent results failed to demonstrate selectivity at these receptors (Lu et al., 2020). In contrast to DGCs, hippocampal fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons express an unusual variant partnership of δ subunits with α1 subunits. Here, we hypothesized that native α1/δ receptors in hippocampal fast-spiking interneurons may provide a preferred substrate for AlloP. Contrary to the hypothesis, electrophysiology from genetically tagged PV interneurons in hippocampal slices from male mice showed that 100 nm AlloP promoted phasic inhibition by increasing the sIPSC decay, but tonic inhibition was not detectably altered. Co-application of AlloP with 5 μm GABA did augment tonic current, which was not primarily through δ-containing receptors. Furthermore, AlloP decreased the membrane resistance and the number of action potentials of DGCs, but the impact on PV interneurons was weaker than on DGCs. Thus, our results indicate that hippocampal PV interneurons possess low sensitivity to AlloP and suggest they are unlikely contributors to mood-altering effects of neurosteroids through GABA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Peter Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ann Benz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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126
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Lotter LD, Kohl SH, Gerloff C, Bell L, Niephaus A, Kruppa JA, Dukart J, Schulte-Rüther M, Reindl V, Konrad K. Revealing the neurobiology underlying interpersonal neural synchronization with multimodal data fusion. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105042. [PMID: 36641012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans synchronize with one another to foster successful interactions. Here, we use a multimodal data fusion approach with the aim of elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms by which interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) occurs. Our meta-analysis of 22 functional magnetic resonance imaging and 69 near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning experiments (740 and 3721 subjects) revealed robust brain regional correlates of INS in the right temporoparietal junction and left ventral prefrontal cortex. Integrating this meta-analytic information with public databases, biobehavioral and brain-functional association analyses suggested that INS involves sensory-integrative hubs with functional connections to mentalizing and attention networks. On the molecular and genetic levels, we found INS to be associated with GABAergic neurotransmission and layer IV/V neuronal circuits, protracted developmental gene expression patterns, and disorders of neurodevelopment. Although limited by the indirect nature of phenotypic-molecular association analyses, our findings generate new testable hypotheses on the neurobiological basis of INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon D Lotter
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Simon H Kohl
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Chair II of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Bell
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Audiovisual Media Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Niephaus
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana A Kruppa
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Schulte-Rüther
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Reindl
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, S639818, Singapore
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
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127
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Minami K, Kami K, Nishimura Y, Kawanishi M, Imashiro K, Kami T, Habata S, Senba E, Umemoto Y, Tajima F. Voluntary running-induced activation of ventral hippocampal GABAergic interneurons contributes to exercise-induced hypoalgesia in neuropathic pain model mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2645. [PMID: 36788313 PMCID: PMC9929335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanism of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in exercise therapy to improve chronic pain has not been fully clarified. Recent studies have suggested the importance of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) in inducing chronic pain. We investigated the effects of voluntary running (VR) on FosB+ cells and GABAergic interneurons (parvalbumin-positive [PV+] and somatostatin-positive [SOM+]) in the vHPC-CA1 in neuropathic pain (NPP) model mice. VR significantly improved thermal hyperalgesia in the NPP model. The number of the FosB+ cells was significantly higher in partial sciatic nerve ligation-sedentary mice than in Sham and Naive mice, whereas VR significantly suppressed the FosB+ cells in the vHPC-CA1. Furthermore, VR significantly increased the proportion of activated PV+ and SOM+ interneurons in the vHPC-CA1, and tracer experiments indicated that approximately 24% of neurons projecting from the vHPC-CA1 to the basolateral nucleus of amygdala were activated in NPP mice. These results indicate that feedforward suppression of the activated neurons via VR-induced activation of GABAergic interneurons in the vHPC-CA1 may be a mechanism to produce EIH effects, and suggested that disappearance of negative emotions such as fear and anxiety by VR may play a critical role in improving chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Minami
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kami
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Wakayama Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Yukihide Nishimura
- grid.411790.a0000 0000 9613 6383Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawanishi
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Imashiro
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuma Kami
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Habata
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Emiko Senba
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan ,grid.471948.70000 0004 0621 5416Department of Physical Therapy, Osaka Yukioka College of Health Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Umemoto
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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128
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Yang P, Davidson JO, Zhou KQ, Wilson R, Wassink G, Prasad JD, Bennet L, Gunn AJ, Dean JM. Therapeutic Hypothermia Attenuates Cortical Interneuron Loss after Cerebral Ischemia in Near-Term Fetal Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043706. [PMID: 36835117 PMCID: PMC9962824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy but is only partially protective. There is evidence that cortical inhibitory interneuron circuits are particularly vulnerable to HI and that loss of interneurons may be an important contributor to long-term neurological dysfunction in these infants. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the duration of hypothermia has differential effects on interneuron survival after HI. Near-term fetal sheep received sham ischemia or cerebral ischemia for 30 min, followed by cerebral hypothermia from 3 h after ischemia end and continued up to 48 h, 72 h, or 120 h recovery. Sheep were euthanized after 7 days for histology. Hypothermia up to 48 h recovery resulted in moderate neuroprotection of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)+ and parvalbumin+ interneurons but did not improve survival of calbindin+ cells. Hypothermia up to 72 h recovery was associated with significantly increased survival of all three interneuron phenotypes compared with sham controls. By contrast, while hypothermia up to 120 h recovery did not further improve (or impair) GAD+ or parvalbumin+ neuronal survival compared with hypothermia up to 72 h, it was associated with decreased survival of calbindin+ interneurons. Finally, protection of parvalbumin+ and GAD+ interneurons, but not calbindin+ interneurons, with hypothermia was associated with improved recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power and frequency by day 7 after HI. The present study demonstrates differential effects of increasing the duration of hypothermia on interneuron survival after HI in near-term fetal sheep. These findings may contribute to the apparent preclinical and clinical lack of benefit of very prolonged hypothermia.
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129
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Szegedi V, Bakos E, Furdan S, Kovács BH, Varga D, Erdélyi M, Barzó P, Szücs A, Tamás G, Lamsa K. HCN channels at the cell soma ensure the rapid electrical reactivity of fast-spiking interneurons in human neocortex. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002001. [PMID: 36745683 PMCID: PMC9934405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that there are substantial species differences in the properties of mammalian neurons, yet theories on circuit activity and information processing in the human brain are based heavily on results obtained from rodents and other experimental animals. This knowledge gap may be particularly important for understanding the neocortex, the brain area responsible for the most complex neuronal operations and showing the greatest evolutionary divergence. Here, we examined differences in the electrophysiological properties of human and mouse fast-spiking GABAergic basket cells, among the most abundant inhibitory interneurons in cortex. Analyses of membrane potential responses to current input, pharmacologically isolated somatic leak currents, isolated soma outside-out patch recordings, and immunohistochemical staining revealed that human neocortical basket cells abundantly express hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channel isoforms HCN1 and HCN2 at the cell soma membrane, whereas these channels are sparse at the rodent basket cell soma membrane. Antagonist experiments showed that HCN channels in human neurons contribute to the resting membrane potential and cell excitability at the cell soma, accelerate somatic membrane potential kinetics, and shorten the lag between excitatory postsynaptic potentials and action potential generation. These effects are important because the soma of human fast-spiking neurons without HCN channels exhibit low persistent ion leak and slow membrane potential kinetics, compared with mouse fast-spiking neurons. HCN channels speed up human cell membrane potential kinetics and help attain an input-output rate close to that of rodent cells. Computational modeling demonstrated that HCN channel activity at the human fast-spiking cell soma membrane is sufficient to accelerate the input-output function as observed in cell recordings. Thus, human and mouse fast-spiking neurons exhibit functionally significant differences in ion channel composition at the cell soma membrane to set the speed and fidelity of their input-output function. These HCN channels ensure fast electrical reactivity of fast-spiking cells in human neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Szegedi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine Research Group for Human neuron physiology and therapy, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emőke Bakos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine Research Group for Human neuron physiology and therapy, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabina Furdan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine Research Group for Human neuron physiology and therapy, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint H. Kovács
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Varga
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pál Barzó
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Szücs
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine Research Group for Human neuron physiology and therapy, Szeged, Hungary
- Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tamás
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karri Lamsa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine Research Group for Human neuron physiology and therapy, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: ,
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130
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Shih YT, Alipio JB, Sahay A. An inhibitory circuit-based enhancer of Dyrk1a function reverses Dyrk1a -associated impairment in social recognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.526955. [PMID: 36778241 PMCID: PMC9915696 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a Dyrk1a gene define a syndromic form of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The synaptic and circuit mechanisms mediating Dyrk1a functions in social cognition are unclear. Here, we identify a social experience-sensitive mechanism in hippocampal mossy fiber-parvalbumin interneuron (PV IN) synapses by which Dyrk1a recruits feedforward inhibition of CA3 and CA2 to promote social recognition. We employ genetic epistasis logic to identify a cytoskeletal protein, Ablim3, as a synaptic substrate of Dyrk1a. We demonstrate that Ablim3 downregulation in dentate granule cells of adult hemizygous Dyrk1a mice is sufficient to restore PV IN mediated inhibition of CA3 and CA2 and social recognition. Acute chemogenetic activation of PV INs in CA3/CA2 of adult hemizygous Dyrk1a mice also rescued social recognition. Together, these findings illustrate how targeting Dyrk1a synaptic and circuit substrates as "enhancers of Dyrk1a function" harbors potential to reverse Dyrk1a haploinsufficiency-associated circuit and cognition impairments. Highlights Dyrk1a in mossy fibers recruits PV IN mediated feed-forward inhibition of CA3 and CA2Dyrk1a-Ablim3 signaling in mossy fiber-PV IN synapses promotes inhibition of CA3 and CA2 Downregulating Ablim3 restores PV IN excitability, CA3/CA2 inhibition and social recognition in Dyrk1a+/- mice Chemogenetic activation of PV INs in CA3/CA2 rescues social recognition in Dyrk1a+/- mice.
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131
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Ábrahám H, Kojima H, Götzer K, Molnár A, Tornóczky T, Seress L. Development of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the postnatal human hippocampal formation. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1058370. [PMID: 36816519 PMCID: PMC9932602 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1058370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Parvalbumin (PV) is a calcium-binding protein present in fast-spiking GABAergic neurons, such as basket and axo-axonic cells. Previous studies in non-human primates reported prenatal expression of PV in the temporal archicortex including entorhinal cortex and hippocampal formation. In contrast, PV-immunoreactivity was observed only postnatally in the human entorhinal cortex. Regarding PV expression in the human hippocampal formation, no information is available. Methods: In this study, the neurochemical maturation of PV-immunoreactive interneurons was studied in the postnatal developing human hippocampal formation. Results: Before birth, no PV-immunoreactive neurons could be detected in the human hippocampus. At birth, only a few PV-immunoreactive neurons were visible in Ammon's horn. The first PV-immunoreactive cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus appeared at the age of 1 month. Even at the age of 5 months, only a few PV-immunopositive cells were present in the dentate hilus. The number of cells and their dendritic and axonal arborization in Ammon's horn and in the dentate gyrus gradually increased with age. Even at the age of 2 years, dendritic tree and axons of PV-immunoreactive neurons were less complex than can be seen in 8 and 11 years old children. Discussion: Our results showed that long-lasting maturation of PV-immunoreactive interneurons follows the developmental sequence of the subfields of the human hippocampal formation and provides further morphological evidence for the long-lasting functional maturation of the human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Ábrahám
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary,Institute for the Psychology of Special Needs, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,*Correspondence: Hajnalka Ábrahám
| | - Hisae Kojima
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Götzer
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Abigél Molnár
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tornóczky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Seress
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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132
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Zong F, Min X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, He K. Circadian time- and sleep-dependent modulation of cortical parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111304. [PMID: 36477886 PMCID: PMC9890233 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-positive neurons (PVs) are the main class of inhibitory neurons in the mammalian central nervous system. By examining diurnal changes in synaptic and neuronal activity of PVs in the supragranular layer of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we found that both PV input and output are modulated in a time- and sleep-dependent manner throughout the 24-h day. We first show that PV-evoked inhibition is stronger by the end of the light cycle (ZT12) relative to the end of the dark cycle (ZT0), which is in line with the lower inhibitory input of PV neurons at ZT12 than at ZT0. Interestingly, PV inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission slowly oscillate in opposite directions during the light/dark cycle. Although excitatory synapses are predominantly regulated by experience, inhibitory synapses are regulated by sleep, via acetylcholine activating M1 receptors. Consistent with synaptic regulation of PVs, we further show in vivo that spontaneous PV activity displays daily rhythm mainly determined by visual experience, which negatively correlates with the activity cycle of surrounding pyramidal neurons and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus-evoked responses in V1. These findings underscore the physiological significance of PV's daily modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Jiao Zong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Present address:
Qingdao University School of PharmacyQingdaoChina
| | - Xia Min
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Open UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Ke Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xue‐Ting Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai‐Wen He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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de Carvalho Borges B, Meng X, Long P, Kanold PO, Corfas G. Loss of oligodendrocyte ErbB receptor signaling leads to hypomyelination, reduced density of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, and inhibitory function in the auditory cortex. Glia 2023; 71:187-204. [PMID: 36052476 PMCID: PMC9771935 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, myelin was thought to be restricted to excitatory neurons, and studies on dysmyelination focused primarily on excitatory cells. Recent evidence showed that axons of inhibitory neurons in the neocortex are also myelinated, but the role of myelin on inhibitory circuits remains unknown. Here we studied the impact of mild hypomyelination on both excitatory and inhibitory connectivity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) with well-characterized mouse models of hypomyelination due to loss of oligodendrocyte ErbB receptor signaling. Using laser-scanning photostimulation, we found that mice with mild hypomyelination have reduced functional inhibitory connections to A1 L2/3 neurons without changes in excitatory connections, resulting in altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. These effects are not associated with altered expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic components, but with reduced density of parvalbumin-positive (PV+ ) neurons, axons, and synaptic terminals, which reflect reduced PV expression by interneurons rather than PV+ neuronal loss. While immunostaining shows that hypomyelination occurs in both PV+ and PV- axons, there is a strong correlation between MBP and PV expression, suggesting that myelination influences PV expression. Together, the results indicate that mild hypomyelination impacts A1 neuronal networks, reducing inhibitory activity, and shifting networks towards excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Carvalho Borges
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Patrick Long
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Patrick Oliver Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Low protein-induced intrauterine growth restriction as a risk factor for schizophrenia phenotype in a rat model: assessing the role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation interaction. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 36720849 PMCID: PMC9889339 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impedes normal neurodevelopment and predisposes the offspring to cognitive and behavioral deficits later in life. A significantly higher risk rate for schizophrenia (SZ) has been reported in individuals born after IUGR. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are both involved in the pathophysiology of SZ, particularly affecting the structural and functional integrity of parvalbumin interneurons (PVI) and their perineuronal nets (PNN). These anomalies have been tightly linked to impaired cognition, as observed in SZ. However, these pathways remain unexplored in models of IUGR. New research has proposed the activation of the MMP9-RAGE pathway to be a cause of persisting damage to PVIs. We hypothesize that IUGR, caused by a maternal protein deficiency during gestation, will induce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The activation of these pathways during neurodevelopment may affect the maturation of PVIs and PNNs, leading to long-term consequences in adolescent rats, in analogy to SZ patients. The level of oxidative stress and microglia activation were significantly increased in adolescent IUGR rats at postnatal day (P)35 as compared to control rats. PVI and PNN were decreased in P35 IUGR rats when compared to the control rats. MMP9 protein level and RAGE shedding were also increased, suggesting the involvement of this mechanism in the interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We propose that maternal diet is an important factor for proper neurodevelopment of the inhibitory circuitry, and is likely to play a crucial role in determining normal cognition later in life, thus making it a pertinent model for SZ.
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135
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Tian D, Izumi SI. TMS and neocortical neurons: an integrative review on the micro-macro connection in neuroplasticity. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION SCIENCE 2023; 14:1-9. [PMID: 37859791 PMCID: PMC10585015 DOI: 10.11336/jjcrs.14.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tian D, Izumi S. TMS and neocortical neurons: an integrative review on the micro-macro connection in neuroplasticity. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2023; 14: 1-9. Neuroplasticity plays a pivotal role in neuroscience and neurorehabilitation as it bridges the organization and reorganization properties of the brain. Among the numerous neuroplastic protocols, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a well-established non-invasive protocol to induce plastic changes in the brain. Here, we review the findings of four plasticity-inducing TMS protocols in the human motor cortex with relatively evident mechanisms: conventional repetitive TMS (rTMS), theta-burst stimulation (TBS), quadripulse stimulation (QPS) and paired associative stimulation (PAS). Based on the reviewed evidence and a preliminary TMS neurocytological model proposed in our previous report, we further integrate the neurophysiological evidence and plasticity rules of these protocols to present an updated micro-macro connection model between neocortical neurons and the neurophysiological evidence in TMS. This prototypical model will guide further efforts to understand the neural circuit of the motor cortex, the mechanisms of TMS, and the advance of neuroplasticity technologies and their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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136
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Adinolfi A, Di Sante G, Rivignani Vaccari L, Tredicine M, Ria F, Bonvissuto D, Corvino V, Sette C, Geloso MC. Regionally restricted modulation of Sam68 expression and Arhgef9 alternative splicing in the hippocampus of a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1073627. [PMID: 36710925 PMCID: PMC9878567 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1073627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its preclinical models are characterized by marked changes in neuroplasticity, including excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and synaptic dysfunction that are believed to underlie the progressive cognitive impairment (CI), which represents a significant clinical hallmark of the disease. In this study, we investigated several parameters of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) SJL/J mouse model, characterized by rostral inflammatory and demyelinating lesions similar to Relapsing-Remitting MS. By combining morphological and molecular analyses, we found that the hippocampus undergoes extensive inflammation in EAE-mice, more pronounced in the CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) subfields than in the CA1, associated with changes in GABAergic circuitry, as indicated by the increased expression of the interneuron marker Parvalbumin selectively in CA3. By laser-microdissection, we investigated the impact of EAE on the alternative splicing of Arhgef9, a gene encoding a post-synaptic protein playing an essential role in GABAergic synapses and whose mutations have been related to CI and epilepsy. Our results indicate that EAE induces a specific increase in inclusion of the alternative exon 11a only in the CA3 and DG subfields, in line with the higher local levels of inflammation. Consistently, we found a region-specific downregulation of Sam68, a splicing-factor that represses this splicing event. Collectively, our findings confirm a regionalized distribution of inflammation in the hippocampus of EAE-mice. Moreover, since neuronal circuit rearrangement and dynamic remodeling of structural components of the synapse are key processes that contribute to neuroplasticity, our study suggests potential new molecular players involved in EAE-induced hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Adinolfi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Section of Human, Clinic and Forensic Anatomy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Rivignani Vaccari
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Tredicine
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ria
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Bonvissuto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Corvino
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,GSTEP-Organoids Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Claudio Sette, ✉
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Maria Concetta Geloso, ✉
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137
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Shu S, Xu SY, Ye L, Liu Y, Cao X, Jia JQ, Bian HJ, Liu Y, Zhu XL, Xu Y. Prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons deficits mediate early emotional dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:391-401. [PMID: 36229597 PMCID: PMC9750960 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and has an insidious onset. Exploring the characteristics and mechanism of the early symptoms of AD plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and intervention of AD. Here we found that depressive-like behavior and short-term spatial memory dysfunction appeared in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice (AD mice) as early as 9-11 weeks of age. Electrophysiological analysis revealed excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This E/I imbalance was induced by significant reduction in the number and activity of parvalbumin interneurons (PV+ INs) in this region. Furthermore, optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of residual PV+ INs effectively ameliorated depressive-like behavior and rescued short-term spatial memory in AD mice. These results suggest the PFC is selectively vulnerable in the early stage of AD and prefrontal PV+ INs deficits play a key role in the occurrence and development of early symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Shu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun-Qiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui-Jie Bian
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
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138
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Kołosowska KA, Schratt G, Winterer J. microRNA-dependent regulation of gene expression in GABAergic interneurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1188574. [PMID: 37213213 PMCID: PMC10196030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1188574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Information processing within neuronal circuits relies on their proper development and a balanced interplay between principal and local inhibitory interneurons within those circuits. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory interneurons are a remarkably heterogeneous population, comprising subclasses based on their morphological, electrophysiological, and molecular features, with differential connectivity and activity patterns. microRNA (miRNA)-dependent post-transcriptional control of gene expression represents an important regulatory mechanism for neuronal development and plasticity. miRNAs are a large group of small non-coding RNAs (21-24 nucleotides) acting as negative regulators of mRNA translation and stability. However, while miRNA-dependent gene regulation in principal neurons has been described heretofore in several studies, an understanding of the role of miRNAs in inhibitory interneurons is only beginning to emerge. Recent research demonstrated that miRNAs are differentially expressed in interneuron subclasses, are vitally important for migration, maturation, and survival of interneurons during embryonic development and are crucial for cognitive function and memory formation. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding miRNA-dependent regulation of gene expression in interneuron development and function. We aim to shed light onto mechanisms by which miRNAs in GABAergic interneurons contribute to sculpting neuronal circuits, and how their dysregulation may underlie the emergence of numerous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Winterer
- Lab of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jochen Winterer,
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Proskurina EY, Chizhov AV, Zaitsev AV. Optogenetic Low-Frequency Stimulation of Principal Neurons, but Not Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons, Prevents Generation of Ictal Discharges in Rodent Entorhinal Cortex in an In Vitro 4-Aminopyridine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010195. [PMID: 36613660 PMCID: PMC9820186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency electrical stimulation is used to treat some drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Despite the effectiveness of the method in suppressing seizures, there is a considerable risk of side effects. An optogenetic approach allows the targeting of specific populations of neurons, which can increase the effectiveness and safety of low-frequency stimulation. In our study, we tested the efficacy of the suppression of ictal activity in entorhinal cortex slices in a 4-aminopyridine model with three variants of low-frequency light stimulation (LFLS): (1) activation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons (on Thy1-ChR2-YFP mice), (2) activation of inhibitory interneurons only (on PV-Cre mice after virus injection with channelrhodopsin2 gene), and (3) hyperpolarization of excitatory neurons (on Wistar rats after virus injection with archaerhodopsin gene). Only in the first variant did simultaneous LFLS of excitatory and inhibitory neurons replace ictal activity with interictal activity. We suggest that LFLS caused changes in the concentration gradients of K+ and Na+ cations across the neuron membrane, which activated Na-K pumping. According to the mathematical modeling, the increase in Na-K pump activity in neurons induced by LFLS led to an antiepileptic effect. Thus, a less specific and generalized optogenetic effect on entorhinal cortex neurons was more effective in suppressing ictal activity in the 4-aminopyridine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y. Proskurina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Toreza Prospekt, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton V. Chizhov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Toreza Prospekt, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytekhnicheskaya Street, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Centre at Universite Cote d’Azur, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Toreza Prospekt, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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140
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A method to estimate the cellular composition of the mouse brain from heterogeneous datasets. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010739. [PMID: 36542673 PMCID: PMC9838873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse brain contains a rich diversity of inhibitory neuron types that have been characterized by their patterns of gene expression. However, it is still unclear how these cell types are distributed across the mouse brain. We developed a computational method to estimate the densities of different inhibitory neuron types across the mouse brain. Our method allows the unbiased integration of diverse and disparate datasets into one framework to predict inhibitory neuron densities for uncharted brain regions. We constrained our estimates based on previously computed brain-wide neuron densities, gene expression data from in situ hybridization image stacks together with a wide range of values reported in the literature. Using constrained optimization, we derived coherent estimates of cell densities for the different inhibitory neuron types. We estimate that 20.3% of all neurons in the mouse brain are inhibitory. Among all inhibitory neurons, 18% predominantly express parvalbumin (PV), 16% express somatostatin (SST), 3% express vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and the remainder 63% belong to the residual GABAergic population. We find that our density estimations improve as more literature values are integrated. Our pipeline is extensible, allowing new cell types or data to be integrated as they become available. The data, algorithms, software, and results of our pipeline are publicly available and update the Blue Brain Cell Atlas. This work therefore leverages the research community to collectively converge on the numbers of each cell type in each brain region.
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141
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Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Nishijo H. Neuronal structures controlling locomotor behavior during active and inactive motor states. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:83-93. [PMID: 36549389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviors can be divided into two states according to their motor activity: the active motor state, which involves significant body movements, and the inactive motor state, which refers to when the animal is stationary. The timing and duration of these states are determined by the activity of the neuronal circuits involved in motor control. Among these motor circuits, those that generate locomotion are some of the most studied neuronal networks and are widely distributed from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries, mainly in rodents using state-of-the-art experimental approaches, of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the initiation and termination of locomotion in the brainstem, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex. These findings is discussed with reference to studies on the neuronal mechanism of motor control during sleep and the modulation of cortical states in these structures. Accumulating evidence has unraveled the complex yet highly structured network that controls the transition between motor states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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142
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Kole K, Voesenek BJB, Brinia ME, Petersen N, Kole MHP. Parvalbumin basket cell myelination accumulates axonal mitochondria to internodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7598. [PMID: 36494349 PMCID: PMC9734141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) basket cells are fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons that exert critical control over local circuit activity and oscillations. PV+ axons are often myelinated, but the electrical and metabolic roles of interneuron myelination remain poorly understood. Here, we developed viral constructs allowing cell type-specific investigation of mitochondria with genetically encoded fluorescent probes. Single-cell reconstructions revealed that mitochondria selectively cluster to myelinated segments of PV+ basket cells, confirmed by analyses of a high-resolution electron microscopy dataset. In contrast to the increased mitochondrial densities in excitatory axons cuprizone-induced demyelination abolished mitochondrial clustering in PV+ axons. Furthermore, with genetic deletion of myelin basic protein the mitochondrial clustering was still observed at internodes wrapped by noncompacted myelin, indicating that compaction is dispensable. Finally, two-photon imaging of action potential-evoked calcium (Ca2+) responses showed that interneuron myelination attenuates both the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ transients. These findings suggest that oligodendrocyte ensheathment of PV+ axons assembles mitochondria to branch selectively fine-tune metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kole
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas J. B. Voesenek
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria E. Brinia
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527 Greece
| | - Naomi Petersen
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. P. Kole
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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143
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Banerjee T, Pati S, Tiwari P, Vaidya VA. Chronic hM3Dq-DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in postnatal life alters anxiety and despair-like behavior in adulthood in a task- and sex-dependent manner. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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144
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Forro T, Volitaki E, Malagon-Vina H, Klausberger T, Nevian T, Ciocchi S. Anxiety-related activity of ventral hippocampal interneurons. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102368. [PMID: 36273721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is an aversive mood reflecting the anticipation of potential threats. The ventral hippocampus (vH) is a key brain region involved in the genesis of anxiety responses. Recent studies have shown that anxiety is mediated by the activation of vH pyramidal neurons targeting various limbic structures. Throughout the cortex, the activity of pyramidal neurons is controlled by GABA-releasing inhibitory interneurons and the GABAergic system represents an important target of anxiolytic drugs. However, how the activity of vH inhibitory interneurons is related to different anxiety behaviours has not been investigated so far. Here, we integrated in vivo electrophysiology with behavioural phenotyping of distinct anxiety exploration behaviours in rats. We showed that pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the vH are selectively active when animals explore specific compartments of the elevated-plus-maze (EPM), an anxiety task for rodents. Moreover, rats with prior goal-related experience exhibited low-anxiety exploratory behaviour and showed a larger trajectory-related activity of vH interneurons during EPM exploration compared to high anxiety rats. Finally, in low anxiety rats, trajectory-related vH interneurons exhibited opposite activity to pyramidal neurons specifically in the open arms (i.e. more anxiogenic) of the EPM. Our results suggest that vH inhibitory micro-circuits could act as critical elements underlying different anxiety states.
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145
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Audette NJ, Zhou W, La Chioma A, Schneider DM. Precise movement-based predictions in the mouse auditory cortex. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4925-4940.e6. [PMID: 36283411 PMCID: PMC9691550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many of the sensations experienced by an organism are caused by their own actions, and accurately anticipating both the sensory features and timing of self-generated stimuli is crucial to a variety of behaviors. In the auditory cortex, neural responses to self-generated sounds exhibit frequency-specific suppression, suggesting that movement-based predictions may be implemented early in sensory processing. However, it remains unknown whether this modulation results from a behaviorally specific and temporally precise prediction, nor is it known whether corresponding expectation signals are present locally in the auditory cortex. To address these questions, we trained mice to expect the precise acoustic outcome of a forelimb movement using a closed-loop sound-generating lever. Dense neuronal recordings in the auditory cortex revealed suppression of responses to self-generated sounds that was specific to the expected acoustic features, to a precise position within the movement, and to the movement that was coupled to sound during training. Prediction-based suppression was concentrated in L2/3 and L5, where deviations from expectation also recruited a population of prediction-error neurons that was otherwise unresponsive. Recording in the absence of sound revealed abundant movement signals in deep layers that were biased toward neurons tuned to the expected sound, as well as expectation signals that were present throughout the cortex and peaked at the time of expected auditory feedback. Together, these findings identify distinct populations of auditory cortical neurons with movement, expectation, and error signals consistent with a learned internal model linking an action to its specific acoustic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Audette
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - WenXi Zhou
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Alessandro La Chioma
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - David M Schneider
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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146
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Miranda JM, Cruz E, Bessières B, Alberini CM. Hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons play a critical role in memory development. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111643. [PMID: 36384113 PMCID: PMC9737056 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memories formed in early childhood rapidly decay, but their latent traces remain stored long term. These memories require the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and seem to undergo a developmental critical period. It remains to be determined whether the maturation of parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs), a major mechanism of critical periods, contributes to memory development. Here, we show that episodic infantile learning significantly increases the levels of parvalbumin in the dHPC 48 h after training. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVIs before learning indicated that these neurons are required for infantile memory formation. A bilateral dHPC injection of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist diazepam after training elicited long-term memory expression in infant rats, although direct PVI chemogenetic activation had no effect. Finally, PVI activity was required for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent maturation of memory competence, i.e., adult-like long-term memory expression. Thus, dHPC PVIs are critical for the formation of infantile memories and for memory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Miranda
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Emmanuel Cruz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Benjamin Bessières
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Cristina M Alberini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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147
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Wei JR, Hao ZZ, Xu C, Huang M, Tang L, Xu N, Liu R, Shen Y, Teichmann SA, Miao Z, Liu S. Identification of visual cortex cell types and species differences using single-cell RNA sequencing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6902. [PMID: 36371428 PMCID: PMC9653448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primate neocortex exerts high cognitive ability and strong information processing capacity. Here, we establish a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of 133,454 macaque visual cortical cells. It covers major cortical cell classes including 25 excitatory neuron types, 37 inhibitory neuron types and all glial cell types. We identified layer-specific markers including HPCAL1 and NXPH4, and also identified two cell types, an NPY-expressing excitatory neuron type that expresses the dopamine receptor D3 gene; and a primate specific activity-dependent OSTN + sensory neuron type. Comparisons of our dataset with humans and mice show that the gene expression profiles differ between species in relation to genes that are implicated in the synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation of excitatory neurons. The comparisons also revealed that glutamatergic neurons may be more diverse across species than GABAergic neurons and non-neuronal cells. These findings pave the way for understanding how the primary cortex fulfills the high-cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ru Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mengyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Zhichao Miao
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China.
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148
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Sharp-wave ripple doublets induce complex dendritic spikes in parvalbumin interneurons in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6715. [PMID: 36344570 PMCID: PMC9640570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal plasticity has been shown to be causally linked to coincidence detection through dendritic spikes (dSpikes). We demonstrate the existence of SPW-R-associated, branch-specific, local dSpikes and their computational role in basal dendrites of hippocampal PV+ interneurons in awake animals. To measure the entire dendritic arbor of long thin dendrites during SPW-Rs, we used fast 3D acousto-optical imaging through an eccentric deep-brain adapter and ipsilateral local field potential recording. The regenerative calcium spike started at variable, NMDA-AMPA-dependent, hot spots and propagated in both direction with a high amplitude beyond a critical distance threshold (~150 µm) involving voltage-gated calcium channels. A supralinear dendritic summation emerged during SPW-R doublets when two successive SPW-R events coincide within a short temporal window (~150 ms), e.g., during more complex association tasks, and generated large dSpikes with an about 2.5-3-fold amplitude increase which propagated down to the soma. Our results suggest that these doublet-associated dSpikes can work as a dendritic-level temporal and spatial coincidence detector during SPW-R-related network computation in awake mice.
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149
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Cazares C, Schreiner DC, Valencia ML, Gremel CM. Orbitofrontal cortex populations are differentially recruited to support actions. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4675-4687.e5. [PMID: 36195096 PMCID: PMC9643660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to use information from one's prior actions is necessary for decision-making. While orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been hypothesized as key for inferences made using cue and value-related information, whether OFC populations contribute to the use of information from volitional actions to guide behavior is not clear. Here, we used a self-paced lever-press hold-down task in which mice infer prior lever-press durations to guide subsequent action performance. We show that the activity of genetically identified lateral OFC (lOFC) subpopulations differentially instantiate current and prior action information during ongoing action execution. Transient state-dependent lOFC circuit disruptions of specified subpopulations reduced the encoding of ongoing press durations but did not disrupt the use of prior action information to guide future action performance. In contrast, a chronic functional loss of lOFC circuit activity resulted in increased reliance on recently executed lever-press durations and impaired contingency reversal, suggesting the recruitment of compensatory mechanisms that resulted in repetitive action control. Our results identify a novel role for lOFC in the integration of action information to guide adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cazares
- The Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Drew C Schreiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mariela Lopez Valencia
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christina M Gremel
- The Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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150
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Li R, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang H, Chen H, Hu Z, Yao Z, Chen H, Hu B. Sustained Activity of Hippocampal Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Supports Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8343-8360. [PMID: 36167784 PMCID: PMC9653279 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0834-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies have revealed an involvement of hippocampal interneurons in learning the association among time-separated events, its underlying cellular mechanisms remained not fully clarified. Here, we combined multichannel recording and optogenetics to elucidate how the hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) support associative learning. To address this issue, we trained the mice (both sexes) to learn hippocampus-dependent trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) in which they associated a light flash conditioned stimulus (CS) with a corneal air puff unconditioned stimuli (US) separated by a 250 ms time interval. We found that the hippocampal PV-INs exhibited learning-associated sustained activity at the early stage of tEBC acquisition. Moreover, the PV-IN sustained activity was positively correlated with the occurrence of conditioned eyeblink responses at the early learning stage. Suppression of the PV-IN sustained activity impaired the acquisition of tEBC, whereas the PV-IN activity suppression had no effect on the acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning, a hippocampus-independent learning task. Learning-associated augmentation in the excitatory pyramidal cell-to-PVIN drive may contribute to the formation of PV-IN sustained activity. Suppression of the PV-IN sustained activity disrupted hippocampal gamma but not theta band oscillation during the CS-US interval period. Gamma frequency (40 Hz) activation of the PV-INs during the CS-US interval period facilitated the acquisition of tEBC. Our current findings highlight the involvement of hippocampal PV-INs in tEBC acquisition and reveal insights into the PV-IN activity kinetics which are of key importance for the hippocampal involvement in associative learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cellular mechanisms underlying associative learning have not been fully clarified. Previous studies focused on the involvement of hippocampal pyramidal cells in associative learning, whereas the activity and function of hippocampal interneurons were largely neglected. We herein demonstrated the hippocampal PV-INs exhibited learning-associated sustained activity, which was required for the acquisition of tEBC. Furthermore, we showed evidence that the PV-IN sustained activity might have arisen from the learning-associated augmentation in excitatory pyramidal cell-to-PVIN drive and contributed to learning-associated augmentation in gamma band oscillation during tEBC acquisition. Our findings provide more mechanistic understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the hippocampal involvement in associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhian Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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