101
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Kuiper C, Vissers MCM. Ascorbate as a co-factor for fe- and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases: physiological activity in tumor growth and progression. Front Oncol 2014; 4:359. [PMID: 25540771 PMCID: PMC4261134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate is a specific co-factor for a large family of enzymes known as the Fe- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. These enzymes are found throughout biology and catalyze the addition of a hydroxyl group to various substrates. The proline hydroxylase that is involved in collagen maturation is well known, but in recent times many new enzymes and functions have been uncovered, including those involved in epigenetic control and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulation. These discoveries have provided crucial mechanistic insights into how ascorbate may affect tumor biology. In particular, there is growing evidence that HIF-1-dependent tumor progression may be inhibited by increasing tumor ascorbate levels. However, rigorous clinical intervention studies are lacking. This review will explore the physiological role of ascorbate as an enzyme co-factor and how this mechanism relates to cancer biology and treatment. The use of ascorbate in cancer should be informed by clinical studies based on such mechanistic hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kuiper
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C. M. Vissers
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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102
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Khalil HS, Goltsov A, Langdon SP, Harrison DJ, Bown J, Deeni Y. Quantitative analysis of NRF2 pathway reveals key elements of the regulatory circuits underlying antioxidant response and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. J Biotechnol 2014; 202:12-30. [PMID: 25449014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced both endogenously to meet physiological requirements and from exogenous sources. While endogenous ROS are considered as important signalling molecules, high uncontrollable ROS are detrimental. It is unclear how cells can achieve a balance between maintaining physiological redox homeostasis and robustly activate the antioxidant system to remove exogenous ROS. We have utilised a Systems Biology approach to understand how this robust adaptive system fulfils homeostatic requirements of maintaining steady-state ROS and growth rate, while undergoing rapid readjustment under challenged conditions. Using a panel of human ovarian and normal cell lines, we experimentally quantified and established interrelationships between key elements of ROS homeostasis. The basal levels of NRF2 and KEAP1 were cell line specific and maintained in tight correlation with their growth rates and ROS. Furthermore, perturbation of this balance triggered cell specific kinetics of NRF2 nuclear-cytoplasmic relocalisation and sequestration of exogenous ROS. Our experimental data were employed to parameterise a mathematical model of the NRF2 pathway that elucidated key response mechanisms of redox regulation and showed that the dynamics of NRF2-H2O2 regulation defines a relationship between half-life, total and nuclear NRF2 level and endogenous H2O2 that is cell line specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal S Khalil
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), University of Abertay Dundee, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexey Goltsov
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), University of Abertay Dundee, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Division of Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom.
| | - James Bown
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), University of Abertay Dundee, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Yusuf Deeni
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), University of Abertay Dundee, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
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103
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Chen D, Bobko AA, Gross AC, Evans R, Marsh CB, Khramtsov VV, Eubank TD, Friedman A. Involvement of tumor macrophage HIFs in chemotherapy effectiveness: mathematical modeling of oxygen, pH, and glutathione. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107511. [PMID: 25295611 PMCID: PMC4189793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The four variables, hypoxia, acidity, high glutathione (GSH) concentration and fast reducing rate (redox) are distinct and varied characteristics of solid tumors compared to normal tissue. These parameters are among the most significant factors underlying the metabolism and physiology of solid tumors, regardless of their type or origin. Low oxygen tension contributes to both inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and therapeutic resistance of tumors; low extracellular pH, the reverse of normal cells, mainly enhances tumor invasion; and dysregulated GSH and redox potential within cancer cells favor their proliferation. In fact, cancer cells under these microenvironmental conditions appreciably alter tumor response to cytotoxic anti-cancer treatments. Recent experiments measured the in vivo longitudinal data of these four parameters with tumor development and the corresponding presence and absence of tumor macrophage HIF-1α or HIF-2α in a mouse model of breast cancer. In the current paper, we present a mathematical model-based system of (ordinary and partial) differential equations to monitor tumor growth and susceptibility to standard chemotherapy with oxygen level, pH, and intracellular GSH concentration. We first show that our model simulations agree with the corresponding experiments, and then we use our model to suggest treatments of tumors by altering these four parameters in tumor microenvironment. For example, the model qualitatively predicts that GSH depletion can raise the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) above a toxic threshold and result in inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Gross
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Randall Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Clay B. Marsh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Valery V. Khramtsov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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104
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Finley SD, Chu LH, Popel AS. Computational systems biology approaches to anti-angiogenic cancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:187-97. [PMID: 25286370 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an exquisitely regulated process that is required for physiological processes and is also important in numerous diseases. Tumors utilize angiogenesis to generate the vascular network needed to supply the cancer cells with nutrients and oxygen, and many cancer drugs aim to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic therapy involves inhibiting multiple cell types, molecular targets, and intracellular signaling pathways. Computational tools are useful in guiding treatment strategies, predicting the response to treatment, and identifying new targets of interest. Here, we describe progress that has been made in applying mathematical modeling and bioinformatics approaches to study anti-angiogenic therapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Liang-Hui Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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105
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Mochin MT, Underwood KF, Cooper B, McLenithan JC, Pierce AD, Nalvarte C, Arbiser J, Karlsson AI, Moise AR, Moskovitz J, Passaniti A. Hyperglycemia and redox status regulate RUNX2 DNA-binding and an angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2014; 97:55-64. [PMID: 25283348 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is regulated by hyperglycemic conditions, which can induce cellular stress responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and anti-oxidant defenses that modulate intracellular signaling to prevent oxidative damage. The RUNX2 DNA-binding transcription factor is activated by a glucose-mediated intracellular pathway, plays an important role in endothelial cell (EC) function and angiogenesis, and is a target of oxidative stress. RUNX2 DNA-binding and EC differentiation in response to glucose were conserved in ECs from different tissues and inhibited by hyperglycemia, which stimulated ROS production through the aldose reductase glucose-utilization pathway. Furthermore, the redox status of cysteine and methionine residues regulated RUNX2 DNA-binding and reversal of oxidative inhibition was consistent with an endogenous Methionine sulfoxide reductase-A (MsrA) activity. Low molecular weight MsrA substrates and sulfoxide scavengers were potent inhibitors of RUNX2 DNA binding in the absence of oxidative stress, but acted as antioxidants to increase DNA binding in the presence of oxidants. MsrA was associated with RUNX2:DNA complexes, as measured by a sensitive, quantitative DNA-binding ELISA. The related RUNX2 protein family member, RUNX1, which contains an identical DNA-binding domain, was a catalytic substrate of recombinant MsrA. These findings define novel redox pathways involving aldose reductase and MsrA that regulate RUNX2 transcription factor activity and biological function in ECs. Targeting of these pathways could result in more effective strategies to alleviate the vascular dysfunction associated with diabetes or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Mochin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Karen F Underwood
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brandon Cooper
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - John C McLenithan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adam D Pierce
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Cesar Nalvarte
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna I Karlsson
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jackob Moskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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106
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Extracellular iron diminishes anticancer effects of vitamin C: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5955. [PMID: 25092529 PMCID: PMC4121606 DOI: 10.1038/srep05955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by high-concentration ascorbate and cell culture medium iron efficiently kills cancer cells. This provided the rationale for clinical trials of high-dose intravenous ascorbate-based treatment for cancer. A drawback in all the in vitro studies was their failure to take into account the in vivo concentration of iron to supplement cell culture media which are characterized by low iron content. Here we showed, using two prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) and primary astrocytes, that the anticancer/cytotoxic effects of ascorbate are completely abolished by iron at physiological concentrations in cell culture medium and human plasma. A detailed examination of mechanisms showed that iron at physiological concentrations promotes both production and decomposition of H2O2. The latter is mediated by Fenton reaction and prevents H2O2 accumulation. The hydroxyl radical, which is produced in the Fenton reaction, is buffered by extracellular proteins, and could not affect intracellular targets like H2O2. These findings show that anticancer effects of ascorbate have been significantly overestimated in previous in vitro studies, and that common cell culture media might be unsuitable for redox research.
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107
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Abstract
Mammalian cells produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNOS) in response to an oxidative environment. Powerful antioxidant mechanisms have been developed in order to avoid oxidative stress by contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis. Traditionally, accumulation of ROS/RNOS is considered deleterious for cells as it can lead to loss of cellular function, aging, and cell death. Consequently, ROS/RNOS imbalance has been implicated in the etiology and/or progression of numerous pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. An interesting concept that has emerged more recently is that not only have cells developed efficient systems to cope with ROS/RNOS accumulation but they have also learned to profit of them under certain circumstances. This notion is supported by data showing that ROS/RNOS can act as signaling molecules affecting the function and activity of a multiplicity of protein kinases and phosphatases controlling cellular homeostasis. This review does not provide an exhaustive overview of molecular mechanisms linked to ROS/RNOS generation and processing but includes relevant examples highlighting the dichotomic nature of these small molecules and the multitude of effects elicited by their accumulation. This aspect of ROS/RNOS ought to be taken into account particularly in novel therapeutic setups that aim to achieve high efficiency and minimal or no side effects.
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108
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Wang J, Hong Z, Zeng C, Yu Q, Wang H. NADPH oxidase 4 promotes cardiac microvascular angiogenesis after hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:278-88. [PMID: 24480752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction plays a key role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, wherein reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling is intensively involved. However, the roles of the various ROS sources remain unclear. This study sought to investigate the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in the cardiac microvascular endothelium in response to I/R injury. Adult rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our results showed that Nox4 was highly expressed in CMECs, was significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels after H/R injury, and contributed to H/R-stimulated increase in Nox activity and ROS generation. Downregulation of Nox4 by small interfering RNA transfection did not affect cell viability or ROS production under normoxia, but exacerbated H/R injury as evidenced by increased apoptosis and inhibited cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis after H/R. Nox4 inhibition also increased prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) expression and blocked H/R-induced increases in HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Pretreatment with DMOG, a specific competitive PHD inhibitor, upregulated HIF-1α and VEGF expression and significantly reversed Nox4 knockdown-induced injury. However, Nox2 was scarcely expressed and played a minimal role in CMEC survival and angiogenesis after H/R, though a modest upregulation of Nox2 was observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a previously unrecognized protective role of Nox4, a ROS-generating enzyme and the major Nox isoform in CMECs, against H/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting migration and angiogenesis via a PHD2-dependent upregulation of HIF-1/VEGF proangiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhibo Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiujun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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109
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Kusano S, Haruyama T, Ishiyama S, Hagihara S, Nagatsugi F. Development of the crosslinking reactions to RNA triggered by oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3951-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49463b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have reported a novel oxidation triggered crosslinking nucleobase ATVP (1) and demonstrated that the oxidized form ASVP (2) showed a very fast and selective crosslinking reaction to cytosine in RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kusano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Takuya Haruyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Shogo Ishiyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai-shi, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumi Nagatsugi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai-shi, Japan
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110
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Logsdon EA, Finley SD, Popel AS, Mac Gabhann F. A systems biology view of blood vessel growth and remodelling. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:1491-508. [PMID: 24237862 PMCID: PMC4190897 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood travels throughout the body in an extensive network of vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries. This vascular network is not static, but instead dynamically remodels in response to stimuli from cells in the nearby tissue. In particular, the smallest vessels – arterioles, venules and capillaries – can be extended, expanded or pruned, in response to exercise, ischaemic events, pharmacological interventions, or other physiological and pathophysiological events. In this review, we describe the multi-step morphogenic process of angiogenesis – the sprouting of new blood vessels – and the stability of vascular networks in vivo. In particular, we review the known interactions between endothelial cells and the various blood cells and plasma components they convey. We describe progress that has been made in applying computational modelling, quantitative biology and high-throughput experimentation to the angiogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Logsdon
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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111
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Zepeda AB, Pessoa A, Castillo RL, Figueroa CA, Pulgar VM, Farías JG. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the hypoxic tissue: role of HIF-1 and ROS. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:451-9. [PMID: 23760768 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion radicals (O2 (-) ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) have for long time been recognized as undesirable by-products of the oxidative mitochondrial generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Recently, these highly reactive species have been associated to important signaling pathways in diverse physiological conditions such as those activated in hypoxic microenvironments. The molecular response to hypoxia requires fast-acting mechanisms acting within a wide range of partial pressures of oxygen (O2 ). Intracellular O2 sensing is an evolutionary preserved feature, and the best characterized molecular responses to hypoxia are mediated through transcriptional activation. The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), is a critical mediator of these adaptive responses, and its activation by hypoxia involves O2 -dependent posttranslational modifications and nuclear translocation. Through the induction of the expression of its target genes, HIF-1 coordinately regulates tissue O2 supply and energetic metabolism. Other transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB are also redox sensitive and are activated in pro-oxidant and hypoxic conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize new developments in HIF-mediated O2 sensing mechanisms and their interactions with reactive oxygen species-generating pathways in normal and abnormal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Zepeda
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ciencias y Administración, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
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112
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Bellot GL, Liu D, Pervaiz S. ROS, autophagy, mitochondria and cancer: Ras, the hidden master? Mitochondrion 2013; 13:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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113
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Fan ZK, Cao Y, Lv G, Wang YS, Guo ZP. The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:473-9. [PMID: 23234244 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether cigarette smoke has neuroprotective or toxic effects on spinal cord injury (SCI). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study and received either cigarette smoke exposure or fresh air exposure. Twenty-four hours after the last cigarette smoke or fresh air exposure, all rats were injured at thoracic level 12 (T12), using an established static compression model. Our data showed that the cigarette smoke group had higher water content; higher permeability of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB); higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) protein expression, and mRNA levels; and lower glutathione (GSH) levels than the control group values at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after SCI. There was no significant difference in these between the cigarette smoke group and the control group at 0 h after SCI. The results of the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) hindlimb locomotor rating scale showed that rats in the cigarette smoke group had greater dysfunction in hindlimb movement than did rats in control group from 2 to day 6 after SCI. The extent of recovery did not make any difference from day 7 to day 10 after SCI between the cigarette smoke group and the control group. These results suggested that cigarette smoke can reinforce the oxidative stress injury via HIF-1α and AQP4 in the early stage after SCI. It is possible that cigarette smoke exposure does not affect SCI recovery in the long term; however, it can aggravate the edema and deteriorate BSCB disruption via HIF-1α and AQP4 in the early stage after SCI. More studies will be essential to consider this hypothesis and elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-kai Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
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114
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Denis MC, Furtos A, Dudonné S, Montoudis A, Garofalo C, Desjardins Y, Delvin E, Levy E. Apple peel polyphenols and their beneficial actions on oxidative stress and inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53725. [PMID: 23372666 PMCID: PMC3553108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since gastrointestinal mucosa is constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species from various sources, the presence of antioxidants may contribute to the body’s natural defenses against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Claude Denis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Furtos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Montoudis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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115
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Kar S, Bhandar B, Kavdia M. Impact of SOD in eNOS uncoupling: a two-edged sword between hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1496-513. [PMID: 22998079 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.731052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In endothelial cell dysfunction, the uncoupling of eNOS results in higher superoxide (O(2)(•-)) and lower NO production and a reduction in NO availability. Superoxide reacts with NO to form a potent oxidizing agent peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) resulting in nitrosative and nitroxidative stresses and dismutates to form hydrogen peroxide. Studies have shown superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in reduction of O(2)(•-) and ONOO(-) during eNOS uncoupling. However, the administration or over-expression of SOD was ineffective or displayed deleterious effects in some cases. An understanding of interactions of the two enzyme systems eNOS and SOD is important in determining endothelial cell function. We analyzed complex biochemical interactions involving eNOS and SOD in eNOS uncoupling. A computational model of biochemical pathway of the eNOS-related NO and O(2)(•-) production and downstream reactions involving NO, O(2)(•-), ONOO(-), H(2)O(2) and SOD was developed. The effects of SOD concentration on the concentration profiles of NO, O(2)(•-), ONOO(-) and H(2)O(2) in eNOS coupling/uncoupling were investigated. The results include (i) SOD moderately improves NO production and concentration during eNOS uncoupling, (ii) O(2)(•-) production rate is independent of SOD concentration, (iii) Increase in SOD concentration from 0.1 to 100 μM reduces O(2)(•-) concentration by 90% at all [BH(4)]/[TBP] ratios, (iv) SOD reduces ONOO(-) concentration and increases H(2)O(2) concentration during eNOS uncoupling, (v) Catalase can reduce H(2)O(2) concentration and (vi) Dismutation rate by SOD is the most sensitive parameter during eNOS uncoupling. Thus, SOD plays a dual role in eNOS uncoupling as an attenuator of nitrosative/nitroxidative stress and an augmenter of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Kar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Ha US, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Yoon BI, Jang H, Hong SH, Lee JY, Hwang SY, Kim SW. Protective effect of cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside fraction from mulberry fruit pigment against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 32:493-9. [PMID: 23129268 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (C3G) fraction from mulberry fruit pigment has protective effects against bladder dysfunction on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 in each): normal, diabetes (DM), and DM treated with C3G fraction (DM + C3G). The DM and DM + C3G groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the DM + C3G group was treated with daily oral C3G (10 mg/kg) dissolved in water, for 8 weeks. After 12 weeks of streptozotocin injections, rats in each group underwent cystometrography and bladders were used for evaluation of apoptosis and oxidative stress. RESULTS The DM group showed a markedly lower maximal intravesical pressure than that observed in the control group, whereas rats in the DM + C3G group showed improved maximum intravesical pressure associated with minimization of apoptosis, and increased levels of Akt and Bad phosphorylation, implying inhibition of pro-apoptotic stimuli. The level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly greater in the DM group compared to the control group and it was significantly reduced in the C3G treated group. Immunoblotting revealed a significant decrease in the levels of the superoxide dismutase protein and nerve growth factor in the DM group compared with the control group; however, these proteins were upregulated in the DM + C3G group compared with the DM group. CONCLUSIONS The study is the first to suggest that C3G fraction have a potency to protect the bladder under conditions of diabetes-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park IS, Kim SH, Jung Y, Rhie JW, Kim SH. Endothelial Differentiation and Vasculogenesis Induced by Three-Dimensional Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 296:168-77. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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118
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Viña J, Lippi G. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia applicability in myocardial infarction prevention and recovery. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1150-4. [PMID: 22151473 PMCID: PMC4365893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) has been the focus of important research in cardioprotection, and it has been associated with several mechanisms. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia inhibits prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) activity, increasing the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and activating crucial adaptative genes. It has been hence suggested that IHH might be a simple intervention, which may offer a thoughtful benefits to patients with acute myocardial infarction and no complications. Nevertheless, several doubts exist as to whether IHH is a really safe technique, with little to no complications in post-myocardial infarction patients. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia might produce instead unfavourable changes such as impairment of vascular hemodynamics and hypertensive response, increased risk of hemoconcentration and thrombosis, cardiac rhythm perturbations, coronary artery disease and heart failure, insulin resistance, steatohepatitis and even high-altitude pulmonary oedema in susceptible or nonacclimatized patients. Although intermittent and chronic exposures seem effective in cardioprotection, IHH safety issues have been mostly overlooked, so that assorted concerns should be raised about the opportunity to use IHH in the post-myocardial infarction period. Several IHH protocols used in some studies were also aggressive, which would hamper their widespread introduction within the clinical practice. As such, further research is needed before IHH can be widely advocated in myocardial infarction prevention and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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119
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Ha US, Koh JS, Kim HS, Woo JC, Kim SJ, Jang H, Yoon BI, Hwang SY, Kim SW. Cyanidin-3-O-β- D-Glucopyranoside Concentrated Materials from Mulberry Fruit Have a Potency to Protect Erectile Function by Minimizing Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction. Urol Int 2012; 88:470-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000336136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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120
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Zhou JP, Chen X, Feng S, Luo SD, Pan YL, Zhong L, Ji P, Wang ZR, Ma S, Li LL, Wei YQ, Yang SY. Systems biology modeling reveals a possible mechanism of the tumor cell death upon oncogene inactivation in EGFR addicted cancers. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28930. [PMID: 22194952 PMCID: PMC3237568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many evidences supporting the concept of “oncogene addiction” and many hypotheses rationalizing it, there is still a lack of detailed understanding to the precise molecular mechanism underlying oncogene addiction. In this account, we developed a mathematic model of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) associated signaling network, which involves EGFR-driving proliferation/pro-survival signaling pathways Ras/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and pro-apoptotic signaling pathway apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/p38. In the setting of sustained EGFR activation, the simulation results show a persistent high level of proliferation/pro-survival effectors phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT, and a basal level of pro-apoptotic effector phospho-p38. The potential of p38 activation (apoptotic potential) due to the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is largely suppressed by the negative crosstalk between PI3K/AKT and ASK1/p38 pathways. Upon acute EGFR inactivation, the survival signals decay rapidly, followed by a fast increase of the apoptotic signal due to the release of apoptotic potential. Overall, our systems biology modeling together with experimental validations reveals that inhibition of survival signals and concomitant release of apoptotic potential jointly contribute to the tumor cell death following the inhibition of addicted oncogene in EGFR addicted cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Medical School, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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121
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Wang T, Leng YF, Zhang Y, Xue X, Kang YQ, Zhang Y. Oxidative stress and hypoxia-induced factor 1α expression in gastric ischemia. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1915-22. [PMID: 21528068 PMCID: PMC3080729 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i14.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) in gastric ischemia.
METHODS: The animal model of gastric ischemia reperfusion was established by placing an elastic rubber band on the proximal part of the bilateral lower limb for ligature for 3 h and reperfusion for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h. Ischemic post-conditioning, three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s femoral aortic reocclusion were conducted before reperfusion. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the gastric oxidative damageand the expression of HIF1-α in gastric ischemia. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were determined by colorimetric assays.
RESULTS: Ischemic post-conditioning can reduce post-ischemic oxidativestressand the expression of HIF-1α of gastric tissue resulting from limb ischemia reperfusion injury. MDA, SOD, XOD and MPO were regarded as indexes for mucosal injuries from ROS, and ROS was found to affect the expression of HIF-1α under gastric ischemic conditions.
CONCLUSION: ROS affects HIF-1α expression under gastric ischemic conditions induced by limb ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, ROS can regulate HIF-1α expression in gastric ischemia.
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122
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McFarlane S, Nicholl MJ, Sutherland JS, Preston CM. Interaction of the human cytomegalovirus particle with the host cell induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha. Virology 2011; 414:83-90. [PMID: 21481907 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cellular protein hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) was induced after infection of human fibroblasts with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). HCMV irradiated with ultraviolet light (uv-HCMV) also elicited the effect, demonstrating that the response was provoked by interaction of the infecting virion with the cell and that viral gene expression was not required. Although induction of HIF-1α was initiated by an early event, accumulation of the protein was not detected until 9 hours post infection, with levels increasing thereafter. Infection with uv-HCMV resulted in increased abundance of HIF-1α-specific RNA, indicating stimulation of transcription. In addition, greater phosphorylation of the protein kinase Akt was observed, and the activity of this enzyme was required for induction of HIF-1α to occur. HIF-1α controls the expression of many cellular gene products; therefore the findings reveal new ways in which interaction of the HCMV particle with the host cell may cause significant alterations to cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McFarlane
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow, G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom
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123
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Stefanini MO, Qutub AA, Mac Gabhann F, Popel AS. Computational models of VEGF-associated angiogenic processes in cancer. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2011; 29:85-94. [PMID: 21266494 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqq025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumour angiogenesis allows a growing mass of cancer cells to overcome oxygen diffusion limitation and to increase cell survival. The growth of capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels is the result of numerous signalling cascades involving different molecules and of cellular events involving multiple cell and tissue types. Computational models offer insight into the mechanisms governing angiogenesis and provide quantitative information on parameters difficult to assess by experiments alone. In this article, we summarize results from computational models of tumour angiogenic processes with a focus on the molecular-detailed vascular endothelial growth factor-associated models that have been developed in our laboratory, spanning multiple scales from the molecular to whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne O Stefanini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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124
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Mac Gabhann F, Qutub AA, Annex BH, Popel AS. Systems biology of pro-angiogenic therapies targeting the VEGF system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 2:694-707. [PMID: 20890966 PMCID: PMC2990677 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a family of cytokines for which the dysregulation of expression is involved in many diseases; for some, excess VEGF causes pathological hypervascularization, while for others VEGF-induced vascular remodeling may alleviate ischemia and/or hypoxia. Anti-angiogenic therapies attacking the VEGF pathway have begun to live up to their promise for treatment of certain cancers and of age-related macular degeneration. However, the corollary is not yet true: in coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease, clinical trials of pro-angiogenic VEGF delivery have not, so far, proven successful. The VEGF and VEGF-receptor system is complex, with at least five ligand genes, some encoding multiple protein isoforms and five receptor genes. A systems biology approach for designing pro-angiogenic therapies, using a combination of quantitative experimental approaches and detailed computational models, is essential to deal with this complexity and to understand the effects of drugs targeting the system. This approach allows us to learn from unsuccessful clinical trials and to design and test novel single therapeutics or combinations of therapeutics. Among the parameters that can be varied in order to determine optimal strategy are dosage, timing of multiple doses, route of administration, and the molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brian H Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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125
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Quintos L, Lee IA, Kim HJ, Lim JS, Park J, Sung MK, Seo YR, Kim JS. Significance of p27 as potential biomarker for intracellular oxidative status. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:351-5. [PMID: 21103079 PMCID: PMC2981716 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.5.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous proteomic study demonstrated that oxidative stress and antioxidant delphinidin regulated the cellular level of p27kip1 (referred to as p27) as well as some heat shock proteins in human colon cancer HT 29 cells. Current study was conducted to validate and confirm the regulation of these proteins using both in vitro and in vivo systems. The level of p27 was decreased by hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner in human colon carcinoma HCT 116 (p53-positive) cells while it was increased upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide in HT 29 (p53-negative) cells. However, high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (100 µM) downregulated p27 in both cell lines, but delphindin, one of antioxidative anthocyanins, enhanced the level of p27 suppressed by 100 µM hydrogen peroxide. ICR mice were injected with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, delphinidin and both. Western blot analysis for the mouse large intestinal tissue showed that the expression of p27 was upregulated by 25 mg/kg BW hydrogen peroxide. To investigate the association of p27 regulation with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta (HIF-1β), the level of p27 was analyzed in wild-type mouse hepatoma hepa1c1c7 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator (arnt, HIF-1β)-defective mutant BPRc1 cells in the absence and presence of hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin. While the level of p27 was responsive to hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin, it remained unchanged in BPRc1, suggesting that the regulation of p27 requires functional HIF-1β. We also found that hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin affected PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway which is one of upstream regulators of HIFs. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant delphinidin seem to regulate intracellular level of p27 through regulating HIF-1 level which is, in turn, governed by its upstream regulators comprising of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The results should also encourage further study for the potential of p27 as a biomarker for intracellular oxidative or antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Quintos
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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126
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Zhang Q, Radisavljevic ZM, Siroky MB, Azadzoi KM. Dietary antioxidants improve arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:225-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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127
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Park SY, Jang WJ, Yi EY, Jang JY, Jung Y, Jeong JW, Kim YJ. Melatonin suppresses tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1alpha stabilization under hypoxia. J Pineal Res 2010; 48:178-84. [PMID: 20449875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important mediator of tumor progression. As tumors expand, diffusion distances from the existing vascular supply increases, resulting in hypoxia in the cancer cells. Sustained expansion of a tumor mass requires new blood vessel formation to provide rapidly proliferating tumor cells with an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. The key regulator of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis is the transcription factor known as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. HIF-1alpha is stabilized by hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhances the expression of several types of hypoxic genes, including that of the angiogenic activator known as vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we found that melatonin, a small lipophilic molecule secreted primarily by the pineal gland, destabilizes hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein levels in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. This destabilization of HIF-1alpha resulted from the antioxidant activity of melatonin against ROS induced by hypoxia. Moreover, under hypoxia, melatonin suppressed HIF-1 transcriptional activity, leading to a decrease in VEGF expression. Melatonin also blocked in vitro tube formation and invasion and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by hypoxia-stimulated conditioned media of HCT116 cells. These findings suggest that melatonin could play a pivotal role in tumor suppression via inhibition of HIF-1-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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128
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Azadzoi KM, Golabek T, Radisavljevic ZM, Yalla SV, Siroky MB. Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in penile ischaemia. BJU Int 2010; 105:404-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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129
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Abstract
The abnormal decrease or the lack of oxygen supply to cells and tissues is called hypoxia. This condition is commonly seen in various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, also in solid cancers. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that hypoxic cancers are extremely aggressive, resistant to standard therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), and thus very difficult to eradicate. Hypoxia affects both the tumor and the immune cells via various pathways. This review summarizes the most common effects of hypoxia on immune cells that play a key role in the anti-tumor response, the limitation of current therapies, and the potential solutions that were developed for hypoxic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Yotnda
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.
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130
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Mali Y, Zisapel N. VEGF up-regulation by G93A superoxide dismutase and the role of malate-aspartate shuttle inhibition. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 37:673-81. [PMID: 20025971 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gain of interaction of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked G93A-superoxide dismutase-1 (G93A-hSOD1) with cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (cytMDH), a key enzyme in the malate-aspartate shuttle, diverts neurons towards anaerobic metabolism. Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are reported in ALS and hypoxia. Here we report that expression of G93A-hSOD1 fused with green fluorescent protein in NSC-34 cells enhanced VEGF expression and levels of VEGF and its upstream regulator hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha). G93A-hSOD1 expressing cells were unable to further up-regulated VEGF in response to Co(2+) and H(2)O(2). Amino-oxyacetate that inhibits the malate-aspartate shuttle caused a similar increase in VEGF mRNA and impaired response to H(2)O(2) in WT-hSOD1 expressing cells. Interruption of the G93A-hSOD1/cytMDH interaction reduced VEGF expression in G93A-hSOD1 expressing cells and restored their ability to up-regulate VEGF in response to Co(2+) and H(2)O(2). These results demonstrate that the ALS-linked G93A hSOD1 mutation impairs VEGF regulation compatible with the inhibition of neuronal malate-aspartate shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Mali
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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131
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Chiche J, Brahimi-Horn MC, Pouysségur J. Tumour hypoxia induces a metabolic shift causing acidosis: a common feature in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:771-94. [PMID: 20015196 PMCID: PMC3823111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cellular pH homeostasis is fundamental to life. A number of key intracellular pH (pHi) regulating systems including the Na+/H+ exchangers, the proton pump, the monocarboxylate transporters, the HCO3− transporters and exchangers and the membrane-associated and cytosolic carbonic anhydrases cooperate in maintaining a pHi that is permissive for cell survival. A common feature of tumours is acidosis caused by hypoxia (low oxygen tension). In addition to oncogene activation and transformation, hypoxia is responsible for inducing acidosis through a shift in cellular metabolism that generates a high acid load in the tumour microenvironment. However, hypoxia and oncogene activation also allow cells to adapt to the potentially toxic effects of an excess in acidosis. Hypoxia does so by inducing the activity of a transcription factor the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and particularly HIF-1, that in turn enhances the expression of a number of pHi-regulating systems that cope with acidosis. In this review, we will focus on the characterization and function of some of the hypoxia-inducible pH-regulating systems and their induction by hypoxic stress. It is essential to understand the fundamentals of pH regulation to meet the challenge consisting in targeting tumour metabolism and acidosis as an anti-tumour approach. We will summarize strategies that take advantage of intracellular and extracellular pH regulation to target the primary tumour and metastatic growth, and to turn around resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Chiche
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, University of Nice, CNRS UMR, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
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132
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Qutub AA, Mac Gabhann F, Karagiannis ED, Vempati P, Popel AS. Multiscale models of angiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:14-31. [PMID: 19349248 DOI: 10.1109/memb.2009.931791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, inflammation, asthma, obesity, arthritis--the list of conditions that involve angiogenesis reads like main chapters in a book on pathology. Angiogenesis, the growth of capillaries from preexisting vessels, also occurs in normal physiology, in response to exercise or in the process of wound healing.Why and when is angiogenesis prevalent? What controls the process? How can we intelligently control it? These are the key questions driving researchers in fields as diverse as cell biology, oncology, cardiology, neurology, biomathematics, systems biology, and biomedical engineering. As bioengineers, we approach angiogenesis as a complex, interconnected system of events occurring in sequence and in parallel, on multiple levels, triggered by a main stimulus, e.g., hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Qutub AA, Popel AS. Elongation, proliferation & migration differentiate endothelial cell phenotypes and determine capillary sprouting. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2009; 3:13. [PMID: 19171061 PMCID: PMC2672076 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, the growth of capillaries from preexisting blood vessels, has been extensively studied experimentally over the past thirty years. Molecular insights from these studies have lead to therapies for cancer, macular degeneration and ischemia. In parallel, mathematical models of angiogenesis have helped characterize a broader view of capillary network formation and have suggested new directions for experimental pursuit. We developed a computational model that bridges the gap between these two perspectives, and addresses a remaining question in angiogenic sprouting: how do the processes of endothelial cell elongation, migration and proliferation contribute to vessel formation? RESULTS We present a multiscale systems model that closely simulates the mechanisms underlying sprouting at the onset of angiogenesis. Designed by agent-based programming, the model uses logical rules to guide the behavior of individual endothelial cells and segments of cells. The activation, proliferation, and movement of these cells lead to capillary growth in three dimensions. By this means, a novel capillary network emerges out of combinatorially complex interactions of single cells. Rules and parameter ranges are based on literature data on endothelial cell behavior in vitro. The model is designed generally, and will subsequently be applied to represent species-specific, tissue-specific in vitro and in vivo conditions. Initial results predict tip cell activation, stalk cell development and sprout formation as a function of local vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations and the Delta-like 4 Notch ligand, as it might occur in a three-dimensional in vitro setting. Results demonstrate the differential effects of ligand concentrations, cell movement and proliferation on sprouting and directional persistence. CONCLUSION This systems biology model offers a paradigm closely related to biological phenomena and highlights previously unexplored interactions of cell elongation, migration and proliferation as a function of ligand concentration, giving insight into key cellular mechanisms driving angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Azadzoi KM, Siroky M. Oxidative Stress and Molecular Reactions in Arteriogenic Erectile Dysfunction. Chonnam Med J 2009. [DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2009.45.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazem M Azadzoi
- Department of Urology and Pathology, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mike Siroky
- Department of Urology and Pathology, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
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Qutub AA, Liu G, Vempati P, Popel AS. Integration of angiogenesis modules at multiple scales: from molecular to tissue. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2009:316-27. [PMID: 19209711 PMCID: PMC3077677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiscale modeling has emerged as a powerful approach to interpret and capitalize on the biological complexity underlying blood vessel growth. We present a multiscale model of angiogenesis that heralds the start of a large scale initiative to integrate related biological models. The goal of the integrative project is to better understand underlying biological mechanisms from the molecular level up through the organ systems level, and test new therapeutic strategies. Model methodology includes ordinary and partial differential equations, stochastic models, complex logical rules, and agent-based architectures. Current modules represent blood flow, oxygen transport, growth factor distribution and signaling, cell sensing, cell movement and cell proliferation. Challenges of integration lie in connecting modules that are diversely designed, seamlessly coordinating feedback, and representing spatial and time scales from ligand-receptor interactions and intracellular signaling, to cell-level movement and cell-matrix interactions, to vessel branching and capillary network formation, to tissue level characteristics, to organ system response. We briefly introduce the individual modules, discuss our approach to integration, present initial results from the coordination of modules, and propose solutions to some critical issues facing angiogenesis multiscale modeling and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 613 Traylor Bldg., 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Biasutto L, Mattarei A, Marotta E, Bradaschia A, Sassi N, Garbisa S, Zoratti M, Paradisi C. Development of mitochondria-targeted derivatives of resveratrol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5594-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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