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Morphometric Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: Determining the Maturation State of a Population by Quantifying Parameters in Individual Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:586908. [PMID: 26351464 PMCID: PMC4553338 DOI: 10.1155/2015/586908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative methods were established to determine the level of maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hESC-vCMs) that were treated with different metabolic stimulants (i.e., isoproterenol and oleic acid) during early differentiation. Cells were double-immunolabeled with α-actinin and COX IV antibodies, to label the myofibrils and mitochondria, respectively, after which images were acquired via confocal microscopy. In order to determine the extent of differentiation, image analysis protocols were then used to quantify cell shape and area, as well as the degree of myofibrillar organization and intercalation of mitochondria between the myofibrils within the cells. We demonstrated that oleic acid or isoproterenol alone, or a combination of the two, induced a more elongated hESC-vCM phenotype than the untreated controls. In addition, cells treated with isoproterenol alone exhibited a similar level of myofibrillar organization as the controls, but those treated with oleic acid with/without isoproterenol exhibited a more organized (parallel) orientation of myofibrils. The combined isoproterenol/oleic acid treatment also resulted in enhanced intercalation of mitochondria between the myofibrils. We suggest that these quantitative morphometric methods might serve as simple and effective tools that can be utilized in the determination of the level of structural maturation of hESC-vCMs.
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102
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Cardiovascular Disease Modeling Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18894-922. [PMID: 26274955 PMCID: PMC4581278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened up a new scientific frontier in medicine. This technology has made it possible to obtain pluripotent stem cells from individuals with genetic disorders. Because iPSCs carry the identical genetic anomalies related to those disorders, iPSCs are an ideal platform for medical research. The pathophysiological cellular phenotypes of genetically heritable heart diseases such as arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies, have been modeled on cell culture dishes using disease-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. These model systems can potentially provide new insights into disease mechanisms and drug discoveries. This review focuses on recent progress in cardiovascular disease modeling using iPSCs, and discusses problems and future perspectives concerning their use.
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103
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Chun YW, Balikov DA, Feaster TK, Williams CH, Sheng CC, Lee JB, Boire TC, Neely MD, Bellan LM, Ess KC, Bowman AB, Sung HJ, Hong CC. Combinatorial polymer matrices enhance in vitro maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26204225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) hold great promise for modeling human heart diseases. However, iPSC-CMs studied to date resemble immature embryonic myocytes and therefore do not adequately recapitulate native adult cardiomyocyte phenotypes. Since extracellular matrix plays an essential role in heart development and maturation in vivo, we sought to develop a synthetic culture matrix that could enhance functional maturation of iPSC-CMs in vitro. In this study, we employed a library of combinatorial polymers comprising of three functional subunits - poly-ε-caprolacton (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and carboxylated PCL (cPCL) - as synthetic substrates for culturing human iPSC-CMs. Of these, iPSC-CMs cultured on 4%PEG-96%PCL (each % indicates the corresponding molar ratio) exhibit the greatest contractility and mitochondrial function. These functional enhancements are associated with increased expression of cardiac myosin light chain-2v, cardiac troponin I and integrin alpha-7. Importantly, iPSC-CMs cultured on 4%PEG-96%PCL demonstrate troponin I (TnI) isoform switch from the fetal slow skeletal TnI (ssTnI) to the postnatal cardiac TnI (cTnI), the first report of such transition in vitro. Finally, culturing iPSC-CMs on 4%PEG-96%PCL also significantly increased expression of genes encoding intermediate filaments known to transduce integrin-mediated mechanical signals to the myofilaments. In summary, our study demonstrates that synthetic culture matrices engineered from combinatorial polymers can be utilized to promote in vitro maturation of human iPSC-CMs through the engagement of critical matrix-integrin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Tromondae K Feaster
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles H Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Calvin C Sheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Timothy C Boire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Charles C Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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104
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Analysis of cardiomyocyte movement in the developing murine heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:1000-1007. [PMID: 26168730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The precise assemblage of several types of cardiac precursors controls heart organogenesis. The cardiac precursors show dynamic movement during early development and then form the complicated heart structure. However, cardiomyocyte movements inside the newly organized mammalian heart remain unclear. We previously established the method of ex vivo time-lapse imaging of the murine heart to study cardiomyocyte behavior by using the Fucci (fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator) system, which can effectively label individual G1, S/G2/M, and G1/S-transition phase nuclei in living cardiomyocytes as red, green, and yellow, respectively. Global analysis of gene expression in Fucci green positive ventricular cardiomyocytes confirmed that cell cycle regulatory genes expressed in G1/S, S, G2/M, and M phase transitions were upregulated. Interestingly, pathway analysis revealed that many genes related to the cell cycle were significantly upregulated in the Fucci green positive ventricular cardiomyocytes, while only a small number of genes related to cell motility were upregulated. Time-lapse imaging showed that murine proliferating cardiomyocytes did not exhibit dynamic movement inside the heart, but stayed on site after entering the cell cycle.
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105
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Cardiac myosin binding protein C regulates postnatal myocyte cytokinesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:9046-51. [PMID: 26153423 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous cardiac myosin binding protein C-deficient (Mybpc(t/t)) mice develop dramatic cardiac dilation shortly after birth; heart size increases almost twofold. We have investigated the mechanism of cardiac enlargement in these hearts. Throughout embryogenesis myocytes undergo cell division while maintaining the capacity to pump blood by rapidly disassembling and reforming myofibrillar components of the sarcomere throughout cell cycle progression. Shortly after birth, myocyte cell division ceases. Cardiac MYBPC is a thick filament protein that regulates sarcomere organization and rigidity. We demonstrate that many Mybpc(t/t) myocytes undergo an additional round of cell division within 10 d postbirth compared with their wild-type counterparts, leading to increased numbers of mononuclear myocytes. Short-hairpin RNA knockdown of Mybpc3 mRNA in wild-type mice similarly extended the postnatal window of myocyte proliferation. However, adult Mybpc(t/t) myocytes are unable to fully regenerate the myocardium after injury. MYBPC has unexpected inhibitory functions during postnatal myocyte cytokinesis and cell cycle progression. We suggest that human patients with homozygous MYBPC3-null mutations develop dilated cardiomyopathy, coupled with myocyte hyperplasia (increased cell number), as observed in Mybpc(t/t) mice. Human patients, with heterozygous truncating MYBPC3 mutations, like mice with similar mutations, have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in heterozygous MYBPC3(+/-) individuals is myocyte hypertrophy (increased cell size), whereas the mechanism leading to cardiac dilation in homozygous Mybpc3(-/-) mice is primarily myocyte hyperplasia.
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106
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Sirabella D, Cimetta E, Vunjak-Novakovic G. "The state of the heart": Recent advances in engineering human cardiac tissue from pluripotent stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1008-18. [PMID: 26069271 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215589910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressing need for effective cell therapy for the heart has led to the investigation of suitable cell sources for tissue replacement. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cell research expanded tremendously, in particular since the derivation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. In parallel, bioengineering technologies have led to novel approaches for in vitro cell culture. The combination of these two fields holds potential for in vitro generation of high-fidelity heart tissue, both for basic research and for therapeutic applications. However, this new multidisciplinary science is still at an early stage. Many questions need to be answered and improvements need to be made before clinical applications become a reality. Here we discuss the current status of human stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and the combined use of bioengineering approaches for cardiac tissue formation and maturation in developmental studies, disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Sirabella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
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107
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Veerman CC, Kosmidis G, Mummery CL, Casini S, Verkerk AO, Bellin M. Immaturity of Human Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Culture: Fatal Flaw or Soluble Problem? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1035-52. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C. Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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108
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Almeida SO, Skelton RJ, Adigopula S, Ardehali R. Arrhythmia in stem cell transplantation. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2015; 7:357-70. [PMID: 26002399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell regenerative therapies hold promise for treating diseases across the spectrum of medicine. While significant progress has been made in the preclinical stages, the clinical application of cardiac cell therapy is limited by technical challenges. Certain methods of cell delivery, such as intramyocardial injection, carry a higher rate of arrhythmias. Other potential contributors to the arrhythmogenicity of cell transplantation include reentrant pathways caused by heterogeneity in conduction velocities between graft and host as well as graft automaticity. In this article, the arrhythmogenic potential of cell delivery to the heart is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shone O Almeida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rhys J Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Cardiac Development, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sasikanth Adigopula
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edyth Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, MRL Room 3780, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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109
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Ghita A, Pascut FC, Sottile V, Denning C, Notingher I. Applications of Raman micro-spectroscopy to stem cell technology: label-free molecular discrimination and monitoring cell differentiation. EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2015; 2:6. [PMID: 26161299 PMCID: PMC4486413 DOI: 10.1140/epjti/s40485-015-0016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is widely acknowledged as a key medical technology of the 21st century which may provide treatments for many currently incurable diseases. These cells have an enormous potential for cell replacement therapies to cure diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders, as well as in tissue engineering as a reliable cell source for providing grafts to replace and repair diseased tissues. Nevertheless, the progress in this field has been difficult in part because of lack of techniques that can measure non-invasively the molecular properties of cells. Such repeated measurements can be used to evaluate the culture conditions during differentiation, cell quality and phenotype heterogeneity of stem cell progeny. Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique based on inelastic scattering of laser photons by molecular vibrations of cellular molecules and can be used to provide chemical fingerprints of cells or organelles without fixation, lysis or use of labels and other contrast enhancing chemicals. Because differentiated cells are specialized to perform specific functions, these cells produce specific biochemicals that can be detected by Raman micro-spectroscopy. This mini-review paper describes applications of Raman micro-scpectroscopy to measure moleculare properties of stem cells during differentiation in-vitro. The paper focuses on time- and spatially-resolved Raman spectral measurements that allow repeated investigation of live stem cells in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ghita
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Flavius C Pascut
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- />School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Chris Denning
- />School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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110
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Poon E, Keung W, Liang Y, Ramalingam R, Yan B, Zhang S, Chopra A, Moore J, Herren A, Lieu DK, Wong HS, Weng Z, Wong OT, Lam YW, Tomaselli GF, Chen C, Boheler KR, Li RA. Proteomic Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived, Fetal, and Adult Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Reveals Pathways Crucial for Cardiac Metabolism and Maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:427-36. [PMID: 25759434 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to the cardiac lineage represents a potentially unlimited source of ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCMs), but hESC-VCMs are developmentally immature. Previous attempts to profile hESC-VCMs primarily relied on transcriptomic approaches, but the global proteome has not been examined. Furthermore, most hESC-CM studies focus on pathways important for cardiac differentiation, rather than regulatory mechanisms for CM maturation. We hypothesized that gene products and pathways crucial for maturation can be identified by comparing the proteomes of hESCs, hESC-derived VCMs, human fetal and human adult ventricular and atrial CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two-dimensional-differential-in-gel electrophoresis, 121 differentially expressed (>1.5-fold; P<0.05) proteins were detected. The data set implicated a role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling in cardiac maturation. Consistently, WY-14643, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist, increased fatty oxidative enzyme level, hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and induced a more organized morphology. Along this line, treatment with the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine increased the dynamic tension developed in engineered human ventricular cardiac microtissue by 3-fold, signifying their maturation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and thyroid hormone pathways modulate the metabolism and maturation of hESC-VCMs and their engineered tissue constructs. These results may lead to mechanism-based methods for deriving mature chamber-specific CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Poon
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Wendy Keung
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Yimin Liang
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Rajkumar Ramalingam
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Bin Yan
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Anant Chopra
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Jennifer Moore
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Anthony Herren
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Deborah K Lieu
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Hau San Wong
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Zhihui Weng
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - On Tik Wong
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Christopher Chen
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.)
| | - Ronald A Li
- From the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T. W., K.R.B., R.A.L.) and Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine (E.P., W.K., B.Y., Z.W., O.T.W., K.R.B., R.A.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Departments of Biology and Chemistry (Y.M.L., R.R., Y.W.L.) and Computer Science (H.S.W.), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (S.Z.); Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis (J.M., A.H., D.K.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (D.K.L., R.A.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.F.T., K.R.B.).
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111
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Functional maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in vitro--correlation between contraction force and electrophysiology. Biomaterials 2015; 51:138-150. [PMID: 25771005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CM) have many potential applications in disease modelling and drug target discovery but their phenotypic similarity to early fetal stages of cardiac development limits their applicability. In this study we compared contraction stresses of hPSC-CM to 2nd trimester human fetal derived cardiomyocytes (hFetal-CM) by imaging displacement of fluorescent beads by single contracting hPSC-CM, aligned by microcontact-printing on polyacrylamide gels. hPSC-CM showed distinctly lower contraction stress than cardiomyocytes isolated from hFetal-CM. To improve maturation of hPSC-CM in vitro we made use of commercial media optimized for cardiomyocyte maturation, which promoted significantly higher contraction stress in hPSC-compared with hFetal-CM. Accordingly, other features of cardiomyocyte maturation were observed, most strikingly increased upstroke velocities and action potential amplitudes, lower resting membrane potentials, improved sarcomeric organization and alterations in cardiac-specific gene expression. Performing contraction force and electrophysiology measurements on individual cardiomyocytes revealed strong correlations between an increase in contraction force and a rise of the upstroke velocity and action potential amplitude and with a decrease in the resting membrane potential. We showed that under standard differentiation conditions hPSC-CM display lower contractile force than primary hFetal-CM and identified conditions under which a commercially available culture medium could induce molecular, morphological and functional maturation of hPSC-CM in vitro. These results are an important contribution for full implementation of hPSC-CM in cardiac disease modelling and drug discovery.
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Piryaei A, Soleimani M, Heidari MH, Saheli M, Rohani R, Almasieh M. Ultrastructural maturation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes under alternative induction of 5-azacytidine. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:519-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modarres University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Heidari
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mona Saheli
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Razieh Rohani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammadali Almasieh
- Montreal Neurological Institute & Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal Canada
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113
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Li G, Plonowska K, Kuppusamy R, Sturzu A, Wu SM. Identification of cardiovascular lineage descendants at single-cell resolution. Development 2015; 142:846-57. [PMID: 25633351 DOI: 10.1242/dev.116897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional profiles of cardiac cells derived from murine embryos and from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have primarily been studied within a cell population. However, the characterization of gene expression in these cells at a single-cell level might demonstrate unique variations that cannot be appreciated within a cell pool. In this study, we aimed to establish a single-cell quantitative PCR platform and perform side-by-side comparison between cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from mESCs and mouse embryos. We first generated a reference map for cardiovascular single cells through quantifying lineage-defining genes for CPCs, CMs, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells (EDCs), fibroblasts and mESCs. This panel was then applied against single embryonic day 10.5 heart cells to demonstrate its ability to identify each endocardial cell and chamber-specific CM. In addition, we compared the gene expression profile of embryo- and mESC-derived CPCs and CMs at different developmental stages and showed that mESC-derived CMs are phenotypically similar to embryo-derived CMs up to the neonatal stage. Furthermore, we showed that single-cell expression assays coupled with time-lapse microscopy can resolve the identity and the lineage relationships between progenies of single cultured CPCs. With this approach, we found that mESC-derived Nkx2-5(+) CPCs preferentially become SMCs or CMs, whereas single embryo-derived Nkx2-5(+) CPCs represent two phenotypically distinct subpopulations that can become either EDCs or CMs. These results demonstrate that multiplex gene expression analysis in single cells is a powerful tool for examining the unique behaviors of individual embryo- or mESC-derived cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karolina Plonowska
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajarajan Kuppusamy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony Sturzu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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114
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Khan JM, Lyon AR, Harding SE. The case for induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in pharmacological screening. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:304-17. [PMID: 22845396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current drug screening models are deficient, particularly in detecting cardiac side effects. Human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes could aid both early cardiotoxicity detection and novel drug discovery. Work over the last decade has generated human embryonic stem cells as potentially accurate sources of human cardiomyocytes, but ethical constraints and poor efficacy in establishing cell lines limit their use. Induced pluripotent stem cells do not require the use of human embryos and have the added advantage of producing patient-specific cardiomyocytes, allowing both generic and disease- and patient-specific pharmacological screening, as well as drug development through disease modelling. A critical question is whether sufficient standards have been achieved in the reliable and reproducible generation of 'adult-like' cardiomyocytes from human fibroblast tissue to progress from validation to safe use in practice and drug discovery. This review will highlight the need for a new experimental system, assess the validity of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and explore what the future may hold for their use in pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar M Khan
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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115
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Mu J, Li X, Yuan S, Zhang J, Bo P. Directional differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes by direct adherent culture. J Histotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023614y.0000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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116
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Savla JJ, Nelson BC, Perry CN, Adler ED. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Study of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:512-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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117
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Josowitz R, Lu J, Falce C, D’Souza SL, Wu M, Cohen N, Dubois NC, Zhao Y, Sobie EA, Fishman GI, Gelb BD. Identification and purification of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes based on sarcolipin expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101316. [PMID: 25010565 PMCID: PMC4092021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to study atrial biology and disease has been restricted by the lack of a reliable method for stem cell-derived atrial cell labeling and purification. The goal of this study was to generate an atrial-specific reporter construct to identify and purify human stem cell-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes. We have created a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) reporter construct in which fluorescence is driven by expression of the atrial-specific gene sarcolipin (SLN). When purified using flow cytometry, cells with high fluorescence specifically express atrial genes and display functional calcium handling and electrophysiological properties consistent with atrial cardiomyocytes. Our data indicate that SLN can be used as a marker to successfully monitor and isolate hiPSC-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes. These purified cells may find many applications, including in the study of atrial-specific pathologies and chamber-specific lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Josowitz
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jia Lu
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine Falce
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sunita L. D’Souza
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Meng Wu
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. Dubois
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhao
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Sobie
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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118
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Shi D, Tatu R, Liu Q, Hosseinkhani H. Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for Regenerative Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984414300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The applications of stem cells in tissue engineering will show great promise in generating tailor-made tissue/organs for clinical applications. This paper gives a review on a broad spectrum of areas in stem cell-based tissue engineering including neuron repair, cardiac patches, skin regeneration, gene therapy and cartilage tissue engineering. This paper is intended to serve as an informative tutorial for scientists and physicians from fields other than stem cells and tissue engineering. It will shed light on various strategies of target tissue/organ repair involving stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Cardiology of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA
| | - Rigwed Tatu
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Cardiology of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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119
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Lundy SD, Murphy SA, Dupras SK, Dai J, Murry CE, Laflamme MA, Regnier M. Cell-based delivery of dATP via gap junctions enhances cardiac contractility. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:350-9. [PMID: 24780238 PMCID: PMC4073675 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is a promising strategy to treat myocardial infarction and reverse heart failure, but to date the contractile benefit in most studies remains modest. We have previously shown that the nucleotide 2-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) can substitute for ATP as the energy substrate for cardiac myosin, and increasing cellular dATP content by globally overexpressing ribonucleotide reductase (R1R2) can dramatically enhance cardiac contractility. Because dATP is a small molecule, we hypothesized that it would diffuse readily between cells via gap junctions and enhance the contractility of neighboring coupled wild type cells. To test this hypothesis, we performed studies with the goals of (1) validating gap junction-mediated dATP transfer in vitro and (2) investigating the use of R1R2-overexpressing hPSC-CMs in vivo as a novel strategy to increase cardiac function. We first performed intracellular dye transfer studies using dATP conjugated to fluorescein and demonstrated rapid gap junction-mediated transfer between cardiomyocytes. We then cocultured wild type cardiomyocytes with either cardiomyocytes or fibroblasts overexpressing R1R2 and saw more than a twofold increase in the extent and rate of contraction of wild type cardiomyocytes. Finally, we transplanted hPSC-CMs overexpressing R1R2 into healthy uninjured rat hearts and noted an increase in fractional shortening from 41±4% to 53±5% just five days after cell transplantation. These findings demonstrate that dATP is an inotropic factor that spreads between cells via gap junctions. Our data suggest that transplantation of dATP-producing hPSC-CMs could significantly increase the effectiveness of cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Lundy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sean A Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarah K Dupras
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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120
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Mu J, Li X, Yuan S, Zhang J, Bo P. Comparative study of directional differentiation of human and mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1098-105. [PMID: 24802967 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This comparative study investigates the method, efficiency, and anti-hypoxic ability of cardiomyocytes, directionally induced from human (h) and mouse (m) embryonic stem cells (ESCs). hESCs were induced into cardiomyocytes by suspension culture, without inducers, or adherent culture using the inducers activin A and BMP4. mESCs were induced into cardiomyocytes by hanging-drop method, without inducers or induced with vitamin C. All four methods successfully induced ESCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. There was a significant difference between groups with and without inducers. A significant difference was found between mESC and hESC groups with inducers. The average beating frequency of cardiomyocytes differentiated from hESC was lower than cardiomyocytes differentiated from mESC, while the average beating frequency of cardiomyocytes differentiated from the same cell line, despite different culture methods, did not differ. Beating cardiomyocytes of each group were positive for cTnT staining. Spontaneous action potentials of beating cardiomyocytes were detected by patch-clamp experiments in each group. Different apoptotic ratios were detected in beating cardiomyocytes in each group and the difference between cardiomyocytes induced from mESCs and hESCs was statistically significant. The differentiation efficiencies in the groups without inducers were significantly higher than those without inducers. The induction of mESCs was more simple and efficient compared with hESCs. Without the presence of other protective factors, the anti-hypoxic ability of cardiomyocytes induced from hESCs was stronger and the beating times were longer in vitro compared with mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Mu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijin Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent a powerful new model system to study the basic mechanisms of inherited cardiomyopathies. hiPSC-CMs have been utilized to model several cardiovascular diseases, achieving the most success in the inherited arrhythmias, including long QT and Timothy syndromes (Moretti et al. N Engl J Med. 363:1397-409, 2010; Yazawa et al. Nature. 471:230-4, 2011) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) (Ma et al. Eur Heart J. 34:1122-33, 2013). Recently, studies have applied hiPSC-CMs to the study of both dilated (DCM) (Sun et al. Sci Transl Med. 4:130ra47, 2012) and hypertrophic (HCM) cardiomyopathies (Lan et al. Cell Stem Cell. 12:101-13, 2013; Carvajal-Vergara et al. Nature. 465:808-12, 2010), providing new insights into basic mechanisms of disease. However, hiPSC-CMs do not recapitulate many of the structural and functional aspects of mature human cardiomyocytes, instead mirroring an immature - embryonic or fetal - phenotype. Much work remains in order to better understand these differences, as well as to develop methods to induce hiPSC-CMs into a fully mature phenotype. Despite these limitations, hiPSC-CMs represent the best current in vitro correlate of the human heart and an invaluable tool in the search for mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy and for screening new pharmacologic therapies.
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122
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Salick MR, Napiwocki BN, Sha J, Knight GT, Chindhy SA, Kamp TJ, Ashton RS, Crone WC. Micropattern width dependent sarcomere development in human ESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4454-64. [PMID: 24582552 PMCID: PMC4026015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were seeded onto controlled two-dimensional micropatterned features, and an improvement in sarcomere formation and cell alignment was observed in specific feature geometries. High-resolution photolithography techniques and microcontact printing were utilized to produce features of various rectangular geometries, with areas ranging from 2500 μm(2) to 160,000 μm(2). The microcontact printing method was used to pattern non-adherent poly(ethylene glycol) regions on gold coated glass slides. Matrigel and fibronectin extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were layered onto the gold-coated glass slides, providing a controlled geometry for cell adhesion. We used small molecule-based differentiation and an antibiotic purification step to produce a pure population of immature cardiomyocytes from H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We then seeded this pure population of human cardiomyocytes onto the micropatterned features of various sizes and observed how the cardiomyocytes remodeled their myofilament structure in response to the feature geometries. Immunofluorescence was used to measure α-actinin expression, and phalloidin stains were used to detect actin presence in the patterned cells. Analysis of nuclear alignment was also used to determine how cell direction was influenced by the features. The seeded cells showed clear alignment with the features, dependent on the width rather than the overall aspect ratio of the features. It was determined that features with widths between 30 μm and 80 μm promoted highly aligned cardiomyocytes with a dramatic increase in sarcomere alignment relative to the long axis of the pattern. This creation of highly-aligned cell aggregates with robust sarcomere structures holds great potential in advancing cell-based pharmacological studies, and will help researchers to understand the means by which ECM geometries can affect myofilament structure and maturation in hESC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R Salick
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brett N Napiwocki
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jin Sha
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Gavin T Knight
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shahzad A Chindhy
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA; WiCell Institute, 614 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Randolph S Ashton
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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123
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Abstract
The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both human embryonic stem cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cells, has opened up novel paths for a wide range of scientific studies. The capability to direct the differentiation of hPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes has provided a platform for regenerative medicine, development, tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug toxicity testing. Despite exciting progress, achieving the optimal benefits has been hampered by the immature nature of these cardiomyocytes. Cardiac maturation has long been studied in vivo using animal models; however, finding ways to mature hPSC cardiomyocytes is only in its initial stages. In this review, we discuss progress in promoting the maturation of the hPSC cardiomyocytes, in the context of our current knowledge of developmental cardiac maturation and in relation to in vitro model systems such as rodent ventricular myocytes. Promising approaches that have begun to be examined in hPSC cardiomyocytes include long-term culturing, 3-dimensional tissue engineering, mechanical loading, electric stimulation, modulation of substrate stiffness, and treatment with neurohormonal factors. Future studies will benefit from the combinatorial use of different approaches that more closely mimic nature's diverse cues, which may result in broader changes in structure, function, and therapeutic applicability.
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124
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Sarvazyan N. Thinking Outside the Heart: Use of Engineered Cardiac Tissue for the Treatment of Chronic Deep Venous Insufficiency. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19:394-401. [PMID: 24500906 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413520343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article considers the use of autologous stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a novel means to aid venous return. The approach consists of creating external cuffs of engineered heart tissue around vein segments with incompetent or poorly competent valves. The engineered heart tissue cuff prevents distention of the impaired vein segments and aids unidirectional flow by its rhythmic contractions. There appear to be no fundamental limitations to this approach as feasibility of all of the individual components has already been shown. Here, we underline the clinical need for novel ways to treat chronic deep venous insufficiency, review previous research that enabled this approach, consider potential designs of engineered heart tissue cuffs, and outline its advantages and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narine Sarvazyan
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
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125
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Keung W, Boheler KR, Li RA. Developmental cues for the maturation of metabolic, electrophysiological and calcium handling properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:17. [PMID: 24467782 PMCID: PMC4055054 DOI: 10.1186/scrt406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, are abundant sources of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cell replacement therapy and other applications such as disease modeling, drug discovery and cardiotoxicity screening. However, hPSC-derived CMs display immature structural, electrophysiological, calcium-handling and metabolic properties. Here, we review various biological as well as physical and topographical cues that are known to associate with the development of native CMs in vivo to gain insights into the development of strategies for facilitated maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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126
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Olmer R, Martin U. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiate into Functional Cardiomyocytes. STEM CELLS AND CANCER STEM CELLS, VOLUME 12 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8032-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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127
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Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) has facilitated the creation of in vitro diagnostic platforms to study novel small molecules and cardiac disease at the tissue level. Yet, due to the immaturity of hPSC-CMs, there is a low fidelity between tissue-engineered cardiac tissues and adult cardiac tissues. To address this challenge, we have developed a platform that combines both physical and electrical cues to guide hPSC-CMs towards a more mature state in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Miklas
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G9
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128
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Nunes SS, Miklas JW, Radisic M. Maturation of stem cell-derived human heart tissue by mimicking fetal heart rate. Future Cardiol 2013; 9:751-4. [PMID: 24180529 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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129
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Poon E, Yan B, Zhang S, Rushing S, Keung W, Ren L, Lieu DK, Geng L, Kong CW, Wang J, Wong HS, Boheler KR, Li RA. Transcriptome-guided functional analyses reveal novel biological properties and regulatory hierarchy of human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes crucial for maturation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77784. [PMID: 24204964 PMCID: PMC3804624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human (h) embryonic stem cells (ESC) represent an unlimited source of cardiomyocytes (CMs); however, these differentiated cells are immature. Thus far, gene profiling studies have been performed with non-purified or non-chamber specific CMs. Here we took a combinatorial approach of using systems biology to guide functional discoveries of novel biological properties of purified hESC-derived ventricular (V) CMs. We profiled the transcriptomes of hESCs, hESC-, fetal (hF) and adult (hA) VCMs, and showed that hESC-VCMs displayed a unique transcriptomic signature. Not only did a detailed comparison between hESC-VCMs and hF-VCMs confirm known expression changes in metabolic and contractile genes, it further revealed novel differences in genes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, migration and cell cycle, as well as potassium and calcium ion transport. Following these guides, we functionally confirmed that hESC-VCMs expressed IKATP with immature properties, and were accordingly vulnerable to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. For mechanistic insights, our coexpression and promoter analyses uncovered a novel transcriptional hierarchy involving select transcription factors (GATA4, HAND1, NKX2.5, PPARGC1A and TCF8), and genes involved in contraction, calcium homeostasis and metabolism. These data highlight novel expression and functional differences between hESC-VCMs and their fetal counterparts, and offer insights into the underlying cell developmental state. These findings may lead to mechanism-based methods for in vitro driven maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Poon
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie Rushing
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Lihuan Ren
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Deborah K. Lieu
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Geng
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Wing Kong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
| | - Hau San Wong
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth R. Boheler
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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130
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Miklas JW, Nunes SS, Radisic M. Engineering Cardiac Tissues from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Studies of Cell Maturation. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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131
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Rungarunlert S, Klincumhom N, Tharasanit T, Techakumphu M, Pirity MK, Dinnyes A. Slow turning lateral vessel bioreactor improves embryoid body formation and cardiogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:443-58. [PMID: 24020697 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the ability to form aggregates, which are called embryoid bodies (EBs). EBs mimic early embryonic development and are commonly produced for cardiomyogenesis. Here, we describe a method of EB formation in hydrodynamic conditions using a slow-turning lateral vessel (STLV) bioreactor and the subsequent differentiation of EBs into cardiomyocytes. EBs formed in the STLV were compared with conventional techniques, such as hanging drop (HD) or static suspension cell culture (SSC), for homogeneity of EB size, shape, proliferation, apoptosis, and in vitro cardiac differentiation. After 3 days of culture, a four-fold improvement in the yield of EB formation/mL, a six-fold enhancement in total yield of EB/mL, and a nearly 10-fold reduction of cells that failed to incorporate into EBs were achieved in STLV versus SSC. During cardiac differentiation, a 1.5- to 4.2-fold increase in the area of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) per single EB in STLV versus SSC and HD was achieved. These results demonstrate that the STLV method improves the quality and quantity of ES cells to form EBs and enhances the efficiency of cardiac differentiation. We have demonstrated that the mechanical method of cell differentiation creates different microenvironments for the cells and thus influences their lineage commitments, even when genetic origin and the culture medium are the same. Ascorbic acid (ASC) improved further cardiac commitment in differentiation assays. Hence, this culture system is suitable for the production of large numbers of cells for clinical cell replacement therapies and industrial drug testing applications.
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132
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Ding V, Lew QJ, Chu KL, Natarajan S, Rajasegaran V, Gurumurthy M, Choo ABH, Chao SH. HEXIM1 induces differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72823. [PMID: 23977357 PMCID: PMC3748041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylene bisacetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is best known as the inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is composed of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9)/cyclin T1. P-TEFb is an essential regulator for the transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. A genome-wide study using human embryonic stem cells shows that most mRNA synthesis is regulated at the stage of transcription elongation, suggesting a possible role for P-TEFb/HEXIM1 in the gene regulation of stem cells. In this report, we detected a marked increase in HEXIM1 protein levels in the differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) induced by LY294002 treatment. Since no changes in CDK9 and cyclin T1 were observed in the LY294002-treated cells, increased levels of HEXIM1 might lead to inhibition of P-TEFb activity. However, treatment with a potent P-TEFb inhibiting compound, flavopiridol, failed to induce hPSC differentiation, ruling out the possible requirement for P-TEFb kinase activity in hPSC differentiation. Conversely, differentiation was observed when hPSCs were incubated with hexamethylene bisacetamide, a HEXIM1 inducing reagent. The involvement of HEXIM1 in the regulation of hPSCs was further supported when overexpression of HEXIM1 concomitantly induced hPSC differentiation. Collectively, our study demonstrates a novel role of HEXIM1 in regulating hPSC fate through a P-TEFb-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ding
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao Jing Lew
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Ling Chu
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subaashini Natarajan
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikneswari Rajasegaran
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meera Gurumurthy
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre B. H. Choo
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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133
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Biowire: a platform for maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Nat Methods 2013; 10:781-7. [PMID: 23793239 PMCID: PMC4071061 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Directed differentiation protocols enable derivation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) and permit engineering of human myocardium in vitro. However, hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are reflective of very early human development, limiting their utility in the generation of in vitro models of mature myocardium. Here, we developed a new platform that combines three-dimensional cell cultivation in a microfabricated system with electrical stimulation to mature hPSC-derived cardiac tissues. We utilized quantitative structural, molecular and electrophysiological analyses to elucidate the responses of immature human myocardium to electrical stimulation and pacing. We demonstrated that the engineered platform allowed for the generation of 3-dimensional, aligned cardiac tissues (biowires) with frequent striations. Biowires submitted to electrical stimulation markedly increased myofibril ultrastructural organization, displayed elevated conduction velocity and altered both the electrophysiological and Ca2+ handling properties versus non-stimulated controls. These changes were in agreement with cardiomyocyte maturation and were dependent on the stimulation rate.
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134
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Non-invasive label-free monitoring the cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in-vitro by Raman spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3517-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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135
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Robertson C, Tran DD, George SC. Concise review: maturation phases of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2013; 31:829-37. [PMID: 23355363 PMCID: PMC3749929 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPS-CM) may offer a number of advantages over previous cardiac models, however, questions of their immaturity complicate their adoption as a new in vitro model. hPS-CM differ from adult cardiomyocytes with respect to structure, proliferation, metabolism and electrophysiology, better approximating fetal cardiomyocytes. Time in culture appears to significantly impact phenotype, leading to what can be referred to as early and late hPS-CM. This work surveys the phenotype of hPS-CM, including structure, bioenergetics, sensitivity to damage, gene expression, and electrophysiology, including action potential, ion channels, and intracellular calcium stores, while contrasting fetal and adult CM with hPS-CM at early and late time points after onset of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - David D. Tran
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Steven C. George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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136
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Lundy SD, Zhu WZ, Regnier M, Laflamme MA. Structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1991-2002. [PMID: 23461462 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite preclinical studies demonstrating the functional benefit of transplanting human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) into damaged myocardium, the ability of these immature cells to adopt a more adult-like cardiomyocyte (CM) phenotype remains uncertain. To address this issue, we tested the hypothesis that prolonged in vitro culture of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)- and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CMs would result in the maturation of their structural and contractile properties to a more adult-like phenotype. Compared to their early-stage counterparts (PSC-CMs after 20-40 days of in vitro differentiation and culture), late-stage hESC-CMs and hiPSC-CMs (80-120 days) showed dramatic differences in morphology, including increased cell size and anisotropy, greater myofibril density and alignment, sarcomeres visible by bright-field microscopy, and a 10-fold increase in the fraction of multinucleated CMs. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed improvements in the myofibrillar density, alignment, and morphology. We measured the contractile performance of late-stage hESC-CMs and hiPSC-CMs and noted a doubling in shortening magnitude with slowed contraction kinetics compared to the early-stage cells. We then examined changes in the calcium-handling properties of these matured CMs and found an increase in calcium release and reuptake rates with no change in the maximum amplitude. Finally, we performed electrophysiological assessments in hESC-CMs and found that late-stage myocytes have hyperpolarized maximum diastolic potentials, increased action potential amplitudes, and faster upstroke velocities. To correlate these functional changes with gene expression, we performed qPCR and found a robust induction of the key cardiac structural markers, including β-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43, in late-stage hESC-CMs and hiPSC-CMs. These findings suggest that PSC-CMs are capable of slowly maturing to more closely resemble the phenotype of adult CMs and may eventually possess the potential to regenerate the lost myocardium with robust de novo force-producing tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Lundy
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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137
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Atmanli A, Domian IJ. Generation of aligned functional myocardial tissue through microcontact printing. J Vis Exp 2013:e50288. [PMID: 23542789 DOI: 10.3791/50288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced heart failure represents a major unmet clinical challenge, arising from the loss of viable and/or fully functional cardiac muscle cells. Despite optimum drug therapy, heart failure represents a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. A major challenge in drug development is the identification of cellular assays that accurately recapitulate normal and diseased human myocardial physiology in vitro. Likewise, the major challenges in regenerative cardiac biology revolve around the identification and isolation of patient-specific cardiac progenitors in clinically relevant quantities. These cells have to then be assembled into functional tissue that resembles the native heart tissue architecture. Microcontact printing allows for the creation of precise micropatterned protein shapes that resemble structural organization of the heart, thus providing geometric cues to control cell adhesion spatially. Herein we describe our approach for the isolation of highly purified myocardial cells from pluripotent stem cells differentiating in vitro, the generation of cell growth surfaces micropatterned with extracellular matrix proteins, and the assembly of the stem cell-derived cardiac muscle cells into anisotropic myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Atmanli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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138
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Hoss M, Šarić T, Denecke B, Peinkofer G, Bovi M, Groll J, Ko K, Salber J, Halbach M, Schöler HR, Zenke M, Neuss S. Expansion and differentiation of germline-derived pluripotent stem cells on biomaterials. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1067-80. [PMID: 23234562 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells with broad differentiation potential, such as the recently described germline-derived pluripotent stem cells (gPS cells), are an appealing source for tissue engineering strategies. Biomaterials can inhibit, support, or induce proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Here we identified (1) polymers that maintain self-renewal and differentiation potential of gPS cells for feeder-free expansion and (2) polymers supporting the cardiomyogenic fate of gPS cells by analyzing a panel of polymers of an established biomaterial bank previously used to assess growth of diverse stem cell types. Identification of cytocompatible gPS cell/biomaterial combinations required analysis of several parameters, including morphology, viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation potential. Pluripotency of gPS cells was visualized by the endogenous Oct4-promoter-driven GFP and by Sox2 and Nanog immunofluorescence. Viability assay, proliferation assay, and flow cytometry showed that gPS cells efficiently adhere and are viable on synthetic polymers, such as Resomer(®) LR704 (poly(L-lactic-D,L-lactic acid), poly(tetrafluor ethylene) (PTFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and on gelatine-coated tissue culture polystyrene. Expansion experiments showed that Resomer LR704 is an alternative substrate for feeder-free gPS cell maintenance. Resomer LR704, PTFE, and PVDF were found to be suitable for gPS cell differentiation. Spontaneous beating in embryoid bodies cultured on Resomer LR704 occurred already on day 8 of differentiation, much earlier compared to the other surfaces. This indicates that Resomer LR704 supports spontaneous cardiomyogenic differentiation of gPS cells, which was also confirmed on molecular, protein and functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Hoss
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen IZKF Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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139
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Embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cardiomyocytes: A good candidate for cell therapy applications. Cell Biol Int 2013; 33:325-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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140
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Sequiera GL, Mehta A, Ooi TH, Shim W. Ontogenic development of cardiomyocytes derived from transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells and its homology with human heart. Life Sci 2013; 92:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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141
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Otsuji TG, Kurose Y, Suemori H, Tada M, Nakatsuji N. Dynamic link between histone H3 acetylation and an increase in the functional characteristics of human ESC/iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45010. [PMID: 22984602 PMCID: PMC3440326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are functionally heterogeneous, display insufficient biological efficacy and generally possess the electrophysiological properties seen in fetal CMs. However, a homogenous population of hESC/hiPSC-CMs, with properties similar to those of adult human ventricular cells, is required for use in drug cardiotoxicity screening. Unfortunately, despite the requirement for the functional characteristics of post-mitotic beating cell aggregates to mimic the behavior of mature cardiomyocytes in vitro, few technological improvements have been made in this field to date. Previously, we showed that culturing hESC-CMs under low-adhesion conditions with cyclic replating confers continuous contractility on the cells, leading to a functional increase in cardiac gene expression and electrophysiological properties over time. The current study reveals that culturing hESC/hiPSC-CMs under non-adhesive culture conditions enhances the electrophysiological properties of the CMs through an increase in the acetylation of histone H3 lysine residues, as confirmed by western blot analyses. Histone H3 acetylation was induced chemically by treating primitive hESC/hiPSC-CMs with Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, resulting in an immediate increase in global cardiac gene expression. In functional analyses using multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings, TSA-treated hESC/hiPSC-CM colonies showed appropriate responses to particular concentrations of known potassium ion channel inhibitors. Thus, the combination of a cell-autonomous functional increase in response to non-adhesive culture and short-term TSA treatment of hESC/hiPSC-CM colonies cultured on MEA electrodes will help to make cardiac toxicity tests more accurate and reproducible via genome-wide chromatin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi G. Otsuji
- Stem Cell and Drug Discovery Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Ushinomiya-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurose
- Stem Cell and Drug Discovery Institute, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Suemori
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Tada
- Stem Cell and Drug Discovery Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Ushinomiya-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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142
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Cardiomyocyte progenitors in a canine pulmonary vein model of persistent atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol 2012; 60:242-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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143
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Blazeski A, Zhu R, Hunter DW, Weinberg SH, Boheler KR, Zambidis ET, Tung L. Electrophysiological and contractile function of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 110:178-95. [PMID: 22958937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells have emerged as the prototypical source from which cardiomyocytes can be derived for use in drug discovery and cell therapy. However, such applications require that these cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) faithfully recapitulate the physiology of adult cells, especially in relation to their electrophysiological and contractile function. We review what is known about the electrophysiology of hESC-CMs in terms of beating rate, action potential characteristics, ionic currents, and cellular coupling as well as their contractility in terms of calcium cycling and contraction. We also discuss the heterogeneity in cellular phenotypes that arises from variability in cardiac differentiation, maturation, and culture conditions, and summarize present strategies that have been implemented to reduce this heterogeneity. Finally, we present original electrophysiological data from optical maps of hESC-CM clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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144
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Dierickx P, Doevendans PA, Geijsen N, van Laake LW. Embryonic template-based generation and purification of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart repair. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:566-80. [PMID: 22806916 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in Western countries. Many types of cardiovascular diseases are due to a loss of functional cardiomyocytes, which can result in irreversible cardiac failure. Since the adult human heart has limited regenerative potential, cardiac transplantation is still the only effective therapy to address this cardiomyocyte loss. However, drawbacks, such as immune rejection and insufficient donor availability, are limiting this last-resort solution. Recent developments in the stem cell biology field have improved the potential of cardiac regeneration. Improvements in reprogramming strategies of differentiated adult cells into induced pluripotent stem cells, together with increased efficiency of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward cardiac myocytes, have brought cell-based heart muscle regeneration a few steps closer to the clinic. In this review, we outline the status of research on cardiac regeneration with a focus on directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward the cardiac lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Dierickx
- Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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145
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Shinozawa T, Imahashi K, Sawada H, Furukawa H, Takami K. Determination of appropriate stage of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug screening and pharmacological evaluation in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:1192-203. [PMID: 22706346 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112449864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) at different stages (approximate days 30, 60, and 90) were used to determine the appropriate stage for functional and morphological assessment of drug effects in vitro. The hiPS-CMs had spontaneous beating activity, and β-adrenergic function was comparable in all stages of differentiation. Microelectrode array analyses using ion channel blockers indicated that the electrophysiological properties of these ion channels were comparable at all differentiation stages. Ultrastructural analysis using electron microscopy showed that myofibrillar structures at days 60 and 90 were similarly distributed and more mature than that at day 30. Analysis of motion vectors in contracting cells showed that the velocity of contraction was the highest at day 90 and was the most mature among the three stages. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that expression of some genes related to myofilament and sarcoplasmic reticulum increased with maturation of morphological and contractile properties. In conclusion, day 30 cardiomyocytes are useful for basic screening such as the assessment of electrophysiological properties, and days 60 and 90 are the appropriate differentiation stage for morphological assays. For the assay of contractile function associated with subcellular components such as sarcoplasmic reticulum, day 90 cardiomyocytes are the most suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Shinozawa
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan.
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146
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Effects of substrate mechanics on contractility of cardiomyocytes generated from human pluripotent stem cells. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:508294. [PMID: 22649451 PMCID: PMC3357596 DOI: 10.1155/2012/508294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC-) derived cardiomyocytes have potential applications in drug discovery, toxicity testing, developmental studies, and regenerative medicine. Before these cells can be reliably utilized, characterization of their functionality is required to establish their similarity to native cardiomyocytes. We tracked fluorescent beads embedded in 4.4-99.7 kPa polyacrylamide hydrogels beneath contracting neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes generated from hPSCs via growth-factor-induced directed differentiation to measure contractile output in response to changes in substrate mechanics. Contraction stress was determined using traction force microscopy, and morphology was characterized by immunocytochemistry for α-actinin and subsequent image analysis. We found that contraction stress of all types of cardiomyocytes increased with substrate stiffness. This effect was not linked to beating rate or morphology. We demonstrated that hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte contractility responded appropriately to isoprenaline and remained stable in culture over a period of 2 months. This study demonstrates that hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have appropriate functional responses to substrate stiffness and to a pharmaceutical agent, which motivates their use in further applications such as drug evaluation and cardiac therapies.
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147
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Drug discovery models and toxicity testing using embryonic and induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiac and neuronal cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:379569. [PMID: 22654918 PMCID: PMC3357635 DOI: 10.1155/2012/379569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using forced expression of specific sets of transcription factors has changed the field of stem cell research extensively. Two important limitations for research application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), namely, ethical and immunological issues, can be circumvented using iPSCs. Since the development of first iPSCs, tremendous effort has been directed to the development of methods to increase the efficiency of the process and to reduce the extent of genomic modifications associated with the reprogramming procedure. The established lineage-specific differentiation protocols developed for ESCs are being applied to iPSCs, as they have great potential in regenerative medicine for cell therapy, disease modeling either for drug development or for fundamental science, and, last but not least, toxicity testing. This paper reviews efforts aimed at practical development of iPSC differentiation to neural/cardiac lineages and further the use of these iPSCs-derived cells for drug development and toxicity testing.
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148
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Liu J, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Guo C, Gong Y, Yang S, Ma M, Li Z, Gao WQ, He Z. Generation, characterization, and potential therapeutic applications of cardiomyocytes from various stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2095-110. [PMID: 22428725 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Myocardial cell transplantation emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure, but this approach has been hampered by severe shortage of human cardiomyocytes. We have recently induced mouse embryonic stem cells to differentiate into embryoid bodies and eventually, cardiomyocytes. Here, we address recent advancements in cardiomyocyte differentiation from cardiac stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. We highlight the methodologies, using growth factors, endoderm-like cell cocultures, small molecules, and biomaterials, in directing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes. The characterization and identification of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes by morphological, phenotypic, and functional features are also discussed. Notably, increasing evidence demonstrates that cardiomyocytes may be generated from the stem cells of several tissues outside the cardiovascular system, including skeletal muscles, bone marrow, testes, placenta, amniotic fluid, and adipose tissues. We further address the potential applications of cardiomyocytes derived from various kinds of stem cells. The differentiation of stem cells into functional cardiomyocytes, especially from an extra-cardiac stem cell source, would circumvent the scarcity of heart donors and human cardiomyocytes, and, most importantly, it would offer an ideal and promising cardiomyocyte source for cell therapy and tissue engineering in treating heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Liu
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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149
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Gherghiceanu M, Barad L, Novak A, Reiter I, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Binah O, Popescu LM. Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells: comparative ultrastructure. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2539-51. [PMID: 21883888 PMCID: PMC3822963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are generated from fully differentiated somatic cells that were reprogrammed into a pluripotent state. Human iPSC which can be obtained from various types of somatic cells such as fibroblasts or keratinocytes can differentiate into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), which exhibit cardiac-like transmembrane action potentials, intracellular Ca2+ transients and contractions. While major features of the excitation-contraction coupling of iPSC-CM have been well-described, very little is known on the ultrastructure of these cardiomyocytes. The ultrastructural features of 31-day-old (post-plating) iPSC-CM generated from human hair follicle keratinocytes (HFKT-iPSC-CM) were analysed by electron microscopy, and compared with those of human embryonic stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CM). The comparison showed that cardiomyocytes from the two sources share similar proprieties. Specifically, HFKT-iPSC-CM and hESC-CM, displayed ultrastructural features of early and immature phenotype: myofibrils with sarcomeric pattern, large glycogen deposits, lipid droplets, long and slender mitochondria, free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasmic reticulum and caveolae. Noteworthy, the SR is less developed in HFKT-iPSC-CM. We also found in both cell types: (1) ‘Ca2+-release units’, which connect the peripheral sarcoplasmic reticulum with plasmalemma; and (2) intercellular junctions, which mimic intercalated disks (desmosomes and fascia adherens). In conclusion, iPSC and hESC differentiate into cardiomyocytes of comparable ultrastructure, thus supporting the notion that iPSC offer a viable option for an autologous cell source for cardiac regenerative therapy.
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150
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Pillekamp F, Haustein M, Khalil M, Emmelheinz M, Nazzal R, Adelmann R, Nguemo F, Rubenchyk O, Pfannkuche K, Matzkies M, Reppel M, Bloch W, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J. Contractile properties of early human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: beta-adrenergic stimulation induces positive chronotropy and lusitropy but not inotropy. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2111-21. [PMID: 22268955 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) provide the unique opportunity to study the very early development of the human heart. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium and beta-adrenergic stimulation on the contractile properties of early hESC-CMs. Beating clusters containing hESC-CMs were co-cultured in vitro with noncontractile slices of neonatal murine ventricles. After 5-7 days, when beating clusters had integrated morphologically into the damaged tissue, isometric force measurements were performed during spontaneous beating as well as during electrical field stimulation. Spontaneous beating stopped when extracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺](ec)) was removed or after administration of the Ca²⁺ channel blocker nifedipine. During field stimulation at a constant rate, the developed force increased with incremental concentrations of [Ca²⁺](ec). During spontaneous beating, rising [Ca²⁺](ec) increased beating rate and developed force up to a [Ca²⁺](ec) of 2.5 mM. When [Ca²⁺](ec) was increased further, spontaneous beating rate decreased, whereas the developed force continued to increase. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol induced a dose-dependent increase of the frequency of spontaneous beating; however, it did not significantly change the developed force during spontaneous contractions or during electrical stimulation at a constant rate. Force developed by early hESC-CMs depends on [Ca²⁺](ec) and on the L-type Ca²⁺ channel. The lack of an inotropic reaction despite a pronounced chronotropic response after beta-adrenergic stimulation most likely indicates immaturity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. For cell-replacement strategies, further maturation of cardiac cells has to be achieved either in vitro before or in vivo after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pillekamp
- Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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