101
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Bayarsaikhan G, Bayarsaikhan D, Lee J, Lee B. Targeting Scavenger Receptors in Inflammatory Disorders and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050936. [PMID: 35624800 PMCID: PMC9137717 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation cannot be considered as diseases themselves; however, they are major risk factors for the development and progression of the pathogenesis underlying many illnesses, such as cancer, neurological disorders (including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease), autoimmune and metabolic disorders, etc. According to the results obtained from extensive studies, oxidative stress–induced biomolecules, such as advanced oxidation protein products, advanced glycation end products, and advanced lipoxidation end products, are critical for an accelerated level of inflammation and oxidative stress–induced cellular damage, as reflected in their strong affinity to a wide range of scavenger receptors. Based on the limitations of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory molecules in practical applications, targeting such interactions between harmful molecules and their cellular receptors/signaling with advances in gene engineering technology, such as CRISPR or TALEN, may prove to be a safe and effective alternative. In this review, we summarize the findings of recent studies focused on the deletion of scavenger receptors under oxidative stress as a development in the therapeutic approaches against the diseases linked to inflammation and the contribution of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced lipid peroxidation products (ALEs), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Govigerel Bayarsaikhan
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (G.B.); (D.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Delger Bayarsaikhan
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (G.B.); (D.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (G.B.); (D.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Bonghee Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (G.B.); (D.B.); (J.L.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6582; Fax: +82-32-899-6519
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102
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The Cross-Talk between Polyphenols and the Target Enzymes Related to Oxidative Stress-Induced Thyroid Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2724324. [PMID: 35571253 PMCID: PMC9098327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2724324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The most serious hallmark step of carcinogenesis is oxidative stress, which induces cell DNA damage. Although in normal conditions ROS are important second messengers, in pathological conditions such as cancer, due to imbalanced redox enzyme expression, oxidative stress can occur. Recent studies with firmly established evidence suggest an interdependence between oxidative stress and thyroid cancer based on thyroid hormone synthesis. Indeed, a reduced antioxidant defense system might play a part in several steps of progression in thyroid cancer. Based on studies that have been conducted previously, future drug designs for targeting enzymatic ROS sources, as a single agent or in combination, have to be tested. Polyphenols represent the potential for modulating biological events in thyroid cancer, including antioxidative activity. Targeting enzymatic ROS sources, without affecting the physiological redox state, might be an important purpose. As regards the underlying chemopreventive mechanisms of natural compounds that have been discussed in other cancer models, the confirmation of the influence of polyphenols on thyroid cancer is inconclusive and rarely available. Therefore, there is a need for further scientific investigations into the features of the antioxidative effects of polyphenols on thyroid cancer. The current review illustrates the association between some polyphenols and the key enzymes that take place in oxidation reactions in developing thyroid cancer cells. This review gives the main points of the enzymatic ROS sources act and redox signaling in normal physiological or pathological contexts and supplies a survey of the currently available modulators of TPO, LOX, NOX, DUOX, Nrf2, and LPO derived from polyphenols.
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103
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Oxidative Stress in Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases: Basic and Translational Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084346. [PMID: 35457165 PMCID: PMC9027438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight oxidative stress (OS) as a mechanism underlying a major risk factor for several human diseases [...]
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104
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Stanculescu D, Bergquist J. Perspective: Drawing on Findings From Critical Illness to Explain Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:818728. [PMID: 35345768 PMCID: PMC8957276 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an initial explanation for how myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could originate and perpetuate by drawing on findings from critical illness research. Specifically, we combine emerging findings regarding (a) hypoperfusion and endotheliopathy, and (b) intestinal injury in these illnesses with our previously published hypothesis about the role of (c) pituitary suppression, and (d) low thyroid hormone function associated with redox imbalance in ME/CFS. Moreover, we describe interlinkages between these pathophysiological mechanisms as well as “vicious cycles” involving cytokines and inflammation that may contribute to explain the chronic nature of these illnesses. This paper summarizes and expands on our previous publications about the relevance of findings from critical illness for ME/CFS. New knowledge on diagnostics, prognostics and treatment strategies could be gained through active collaboration between critical illness and ME/CFS researchers, which could lead to improved outcomes for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Division of Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,The Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Collaborative Research Centre at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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105
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Ramadan MA, Saif Eldin AS. Effect of occupational cadmium exposure on the thyroid gland and associated inflammatory markers among workers of the electroplating industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:210-220. [DOI: 10.1177/07482337221085046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is widespread throughout the environment and is used in the electroplating industry. It has been found to have an effect on the endocrine system. However, its effects and their underlying mechanisms are still not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate how cadmium exposure at work affected the levels of thyroid hormones and the associated inflammatory and oxidative markers. This study was conducted in an electroplating industry in Cairo, Egypt. Ninety male cadmium-exposed workers were matched with 90 male unexposed participants. A detailed questionnaire was designed and given to every participant in the study, and full clinical examinations were carried out. Blood samples were collected from all participants for determination of levels of serum cadmium, thyroid hormones, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Morning midstream urine samples were obtained to measure urine cadmium levels. Results showed that the total blood and urinary cadmium levels were significantly higher in the exposed group (2.38 ± 0.94 μg/L and 5.45 ± 1.92 μg/g creatinine, respectively) than in the unexposed group. The serum levels of anti-TPO antibody, TSH, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α also were significantly higher in the cadmium-exposed group than in the unexposed group. Significant direct relationships were seen between the biological indices of cadmium exposure and anti-TPO antibodies, TSH, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA. It was concluded that there is a link between occupational cadmium exposure and autoimmune hypothyroidism, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdallah Ramadan
- Lecturer of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Aisha Safwat Saif Eldin
- Lecturer of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
- Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nora Bint Abul Rahman University, Saudi Arabia
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106
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Alteration of Serum Proteome in Levo-Thyroxine-Euthyroid Thyroidectomized Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061676. [PMID: 35330001 PMCID: PMC8951767 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The monotherapy with levo-thyroxine (LT4) is the treatment of choice for patients with hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy. However, many athyreotic LT4-treated patients with thyroid hormones in the physiological range experience hypothyroid-like symptoms, showing post-operative, statistically significant lower FT3 levels with respect to that before total thyroidectomy. Since we hypothesized that the lower plasmatic FT3 levels observed in this subgroup could be associated with tissue hypothyroidism, here we compared, by a preliminary proteomic analysis, eight sera of patients with reduced post-surgical FT3 to eight sera from patients with FT3 levels similar to pre-surgery levels, and six healthy controls. Proteomic analysis highlights a different serum protein profile among the considered conditions. By enrichment analysis, differential proteins are involved in coagulation processes (PLMN-1.61, -1.98 in reduced vs. stable FT3, p < 0.02; A1AT fragmentation), complement system activation (CFAH + 1.83, CFAB + 1.5, C1Qb + 1.6, C1S + 7.79 in reduced vs. stable FT3, p < 0.01) and in lipoprotein particles remodeling (APOAI fragmentation; APOAIV + 2.13, p < 0.003), potentially leading to a pro-inflammatory response. This study suggests that LT4 replacement therapy might restore biochemical euthyroid conditions in thyroidectomized patients, but in some cases without re-establishing body tissue euthyroidism. Since our results, this condition is reflected by the serum protein profile.
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107
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Paschou SA, Bletsa E, Stampouloglou PK, Tsigkou V, Valatsou A, Stefanaki K, Kazakou P, Spartalis M, Spartalis E, Oikonomou E, Siasos G. Thyroid disorders and cardiovascular manifestations: an update. Endocrine 2022; 75:672-683. [PMID: 35032315 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-02982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, representing a major health, social, and economic issue. Thyroid disorders are very common and affect >10% of the adult population in total. The aim of this review is to describe the physiologic role of thyroid hormones on cardiovascular system, to present cardiovascular manifestations in patients with thyroid disorders, emphasizing in molecular mechanisms and biochemical pathways, and to summarize current knowledge of treatment options. Thyroid hormone receptors are located both in myocardium and vessels, and changes in their concentrations affect cardiovascular function. Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, both clinical and subclinical, without the indicated therapeutical management, may contribute to the progression of CVD. According to recent studies, even middle changes in thyroid hormones levels increase cardiovascular mortality from 20% to 80%. In more details, thyroid disorders seem to have serious effects on the cardiovascular system via plenty mechanisms, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction, as well endothelial dysfunction. On top of clinical thyroid disorders management, current therapeutics focus on younger patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and elderly patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Valatsou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Stefanaki
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kazakou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Spartalis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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108
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Cheng PK, Chen HC, Kuo PL, Chang JW, Chang WT, Huang PC. Associations between Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Women—Tainan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020334. [PMID: 35204216 PMCID: PMC8868566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been linked to thyroid function in both animal and human studies. In the present study, the associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and thyroid hormones were investigated. Measurements were obtained from 97 Taiwanese pregnant women at the first, second, and third trimesters. Levels of five oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], 8-nitroguanine [8-NO2Gua], 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid [HNE-MA], 8-isoprostaglandin F2α [8-isoPGF2α], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were measured using urine samples, and levels of five thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine [T3], thyroxine [T4], free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], and T4-binding globulin [TBG]) were measured in blood samples. Multiple linear regressions and linear mixed-model regressions were conducted to determine the associations between oxidative or nitrosative stress biomarkers and thyroid hormones in pregnant women. We found that TSH was negatively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua (−14%, 95% CI [−26.9% to −1.1%]) and HNE-MA (−23%, 95% CI [−35.9% to −10.0%]) levels. However, T4 (3%, 95% CI [0.2%–5.8%]) and free T4 (4.3%, 95% CI [0.8%–7.8%]) levels were positively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua. The T4 to TBG and free T4 to TBG ratios were positively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua level (T4/TBG: 3.6%, 95% CI [0.5%–6.7%]; free T4/TBG: 5.6%, 95% CI [0.2%–11.1%]). However, the TSH to T4 ratio was negatively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua level (−17.3%, 95% CI [−30.4% to −4.3%]). The T3 to TSH ratio was positively and significantly associated with HNE-MA level (25.2%, 95% CI [11.2%–39.2%]). However, the TSH to T4 and TSH to free T4 ratios were negatively and significantly associated with HNE-MA level (TSH/T4: −21.2%, 95% CI [−34.5% to −7.8%] and TSH/free T4: −24.0%, 95% CI [−38.3% to −9.6%]). Our findings suggest that an imbalance of oxidative and nitrosative stress may alter thyroid hormone homeostasis during pregnancy. Disruption of the maternal thyroid homeostasis during pregnancy would affect embryonic and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Keng Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Hsin-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan;
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Wei Chang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (P.-K.C.); (W.-T.C.)
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-206-166 (ext. 38507)
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109
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Al-Saleh I, Coskun S, Al-Rouqi R, Al-Rajudi T, Eltabache C, Abduljabbar M, Al-Hassan S. Oxidative stress and DNA damage status in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 2:117-139. [PMID: 35128448 PMCID: PMC8812407 DOI: 10.1530/raf-20-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the status of oxidative stress in 599 couples undertaking in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and its association with reproductive hormones, smoking, and outcomes. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in follicular fluid and seminal plasma. Tail moment (TM) was used to evaluate DNA damage in the sperm and granulosa cells. Reproductive hormones in serum and cotinine (COT) in urine, follicular fluid, and seminal plasma samples were determined. Separate multivariate linear regression was used to assess associations between levels of each oxidative stress biomarker and each hormone and smoking parameter (modeled as natural log-transformed). The findings indicate that some oxidative stress and DNA damage biomarkers played a role in disrupting certain reproductive hormones in women and their male partners either by overproducing reactive oxygen species or reducing antioxidant defense capacity. Although women were nonsmokers, COT levels > 50 and 10 µg/L in urine and follicular were observed in 5.7 and 1.7%, respectively. Levels of follicular fluid COT were positively associated with H2O2 and TM. We used log-binomial multivariate regression to estimate relative risks for the association between oxidative stress/DNA damage and IVF binary outcomes (fertilization rate > 50%, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth). An increase in the CAT levels of follicular fluid was associated with a 48 and 41% decrease in the risk of poor fertilization rate (≤50%) and unsuccessful live birth, respectively. After the models were adjusted for hormonal factors, the associations remained the same, except that the elevated TAC in follicular fluid became significantly associated with a decrease of 42% in the risk of poor fertilization rate (≤50%). The higher antioxidant activity (CAT and TAC) in follicular fluid might positively impact specific IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serdar Coskun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al-Rouqi
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajudi
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chafica Eltabache
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Abduljabbar
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Hassan
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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110
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Das D, Banerjee A, Jena AB, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Essentiality, relevance, and efficacy of adjuvant/combinational therapy in the management of thyroid dysfunctions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112613. [PMID: 35062076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide having an epidemiology of 11% in Indians, 4.6% in the United Kingdom, and 2% in the United States of America among the overall population. The common thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. This review briefly elaborates the molecular regulation and mechanism of thyroid hormone, and its associated thyroid disorders. The thyroid hormones regulate critical biochemical functions in brain development and function. Hypothyroidism is mainly associated with dysregulation of cytokines, increased ROS production, and altered signal transduction in major regions of the brain. In addition, it is associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in humans. Though 70% of thyroid disorders are caused by heredity, environmental factors have a significant influence in developing autoimmune thyroid disorders in people who are predisposed to them. This drives us to understand the relationship between environmental factors and thyroid dysregulated disorders. The treatment option for the thyroid disorder includes antithyroid medications, receiving radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery at a critical stage. However, antithyroid drugs are not typically used long-term in thyroid disease due to the high recurrence rate. Adjuvant treatment of antioxidants can produce better outcomes with anti-thyroid drug treatment. Thus, Adjuvant therapy has been proven as an effective strategy for managing thyroid dysfunction, herbal remedies can be used to treat thyroid dysfunction in the future, which in turn can reduce the prevalence of thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | | | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India.
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111
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Shi Q, Wu M, Chen P, Wei B, Tan H, Huang P, Chang S. Criminal of Adverse Pregnant Outcomes: A Perspective From Thyroid Hormone Disturbance Caused by SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:791654. [PMID: 35047419 PMCID: PMC8761741 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.791654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, emerging evidence has shown adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, preeclampsia, cesarean, and perinatal death, occurring in pregnant women after getting infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Thyroid hormone disturbance has been unveiled consistently in various studies. As commonly known, thyroid hormone is vital for promoting pregnancy and optimal fetal growth and development. Even mild thyroid dysfunction can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. We explored and summarized possible mechanisms of thyroid hormone abnormality in pregnant women after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and made a scientific thypothesis that adverse pregnancy outcomes can be the result of thyroid hormone disorder during COVID-19. In which case, we accentuate the importance of thyroid hormone surveillance for COVID-19-infected pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiman Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Thyroid and Related Diseases Treatment Technology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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112
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Jurado-Flores M, Warda F, Mooradian A. Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Disease. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvab194. [PMID: 35059548 PMCID: PMC8765786 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) have a cardinal role in the development of the central nervous system during embryogenesis and early infancy. However, the TH-responsive genes in the developing brain cease to respond to TH in adulthood. Nevertheless, thyroid dysfunction in adults is commonly associated with a host of cognitive and psychiatric problems. Cognitive decline, dysphoria, and depression are common manifestations of overt hypothyroidism while hyperthyroidism can cause agitation, acute psychosis, and apathy, especially in older people. Whereas levothyroxine treatment can reverse dementia in the setting of hypothyroidism, the effect of levothyroxine on depressive symptoms in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism is controversial. The use of supraphysiologic doses of TH to treat depression refractory to antidepressant remains a viable therapeutic tool with the caveat that excessive doses of thyroid hormone to treat depression may have potentially damaging effects on other organ systems. The present communication describes the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease, including changes in neurotransmission, alterations in neuronal or glial cell gene expression, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, increased risk of cerebrovascular disease, and occasionally cerebral inflammatory disease in the context of autoimmune thyroid disease. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of TH effect on cerebral tissue will help identify novel therapeutic targets for managing people with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilu Jurado-Flores
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Firas Warda
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Arshag Mooradian
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
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Rossetti CL, Cazarin J, Hecht F, Beltrão FEDL, Ferreira ACF, Fortunato RS, Ramos HE, de Carvalho DP. COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1041676. [PMID: 36601011 PMCID: PMC9806267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1041676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was characterized as a pandemic in March, 2020 by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is a respiratory syndrome that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction, and eventually death. Despite being considered a respiratory disease, it is known that other organs and systems can be affected in COVID-19, including the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland, as well as hypothalamus and pituitary, which regulate the functioning of most endocrine glands, express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main protein that functions as a receptor to which SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter host cells. In addition, thyroid gland is extremely sensitive to changes in body homeostasis and metabolism. Immune system cells are targets for thyroid hormones and T3 and T4 modulate specific immune responses, including cell-mediated immunity, natural killer cell activity, the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) and proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes. However, studies show that patients with controlled hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism do not have a higher prevalence of COVID-19, nor do they have a worse prognosis when infected with the virus. On the other hand, retrospective observational studies, prospective studies, and case reports published in the last two years reported abnormal thyroid function related to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or even several weeks after its resolution. Indeed, a variety of thyroid disorders have been documented in COVID-19 patients, including non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), subacute thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis. In addition, thyroid disease has already been reported as a consequence of the administration of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, the data revealed that abnormal thyroid function may occur during and in the convalescence post-COVID condition phase. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood, the evidence suggests that the "cytokine storm" is an important mediator in this context. Thus, future studies are needed to better investigate the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunction induced by COVID-19 at both molecular and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cazarin
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabyan Esberard de Lima Beltrão
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cláudia Freitas Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Department of Biorregulation, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Helton Estrela Ramos,
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cho YY, Kim B, Shin DW, Youn J, Mok JO, Kim CH, Kim SW, Chung JH, Han K, Kim TH. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac014. [PMID: 35187486 PMCID: PMC8853722 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Bongseong Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Supportive Care Center/Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Youn
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Oh Mok
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Kyungdo Han, PhD Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Soongsil University 369 Sangdo-ro Dongjak-gu, 06978 Seoul, Korea E-mail:
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Correspondence to: Tae Hyuk Kim, MD, PhD Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu 06351 Seoul, Korea E-mail:
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Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wu W, Fan J. Identifying Non-Linear Association Between Maternal Free Thyroxine and Risk of Preterm Delivery by a Machine Learning Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:817595. [PMID: 35282469 PMCID: PMC8907667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.817595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm delivery (PTD) is the primary cause of mortality in infants. Mounting evidence indicates that thyroid dysfunction might be associated with an increased risk of PTD, but the dose-dependent association between the continuous spectrum maternal free thyroxine (FT4) and PTD is still not well-defined. This study aimed to further investigate this relationship using a machine learning-based model. METHODS A hospital-based cohort study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 in Shanghai, China. Pregnant women who delivered singleton live births and had first-trimester thyroid function data available were included. The generalized additive models with penalized cubic regression spline were applied to explore the non-linear association between maternal FT4 and risk of PTD and also subtypes of PTD. The time-to-event method and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were further applied to analyze the association of abnormally high and low maternal FT4 concentrations with the timing of PTD. RESULTS A total of 65,565 singleton pregnancies with completed medical records and no known thyroid disease before pregnancy were included for final analyses. There was a U-shaped dose-dependent relationship between maternal FT4 in the first trimester and PTD (p <0.001). Compared with the normal range of maternal FT4, increased risk of PTD was identified in both low maternal FT4 (<11.7 pmol/L; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% CI [1.13-1.59]) and high maternal FT4 (>19.7 pmol/L; HR 1.41, 95% CI [1.13-1.76]). The association between isolated hypothyroxinemia and PTD was mainly associated with spontaneous PTD (HR 1.33, 95% CI [1.11-1.59]) while overt hyperthyroidism may be attributable to iatrogenic PTD (HR 1.51, 95% CI [1.18-1.92]) when compared with euthyroid women. Additionally, mediation analysis identified that an estimated 11.80% of the association between overt hyperthyroidism and iatrogenic PTD risk was mediated via the occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We revealed a U-shaped association between maternal FT4 and PTD for the first time, exceeding the clinical definition of maternal thyroid function test abnormalities. Our findings provide insights towards the need to establish optimal range of maternal FT4 concentrations for preventing adverse outcomes in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulai Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yindi Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weibin Wu, ; Jianxia Fan,
| | - Jianxia Fan
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weibin Wu, ; Jianxia Fan,
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Stanculescu D, Sepúlveda N, Lim CL, Bergquist J. Lessons From Heat Stroke for Understanding Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Front Neurol 2021; 12:789784. [PMID: 34966354 PMCID: PMC8710546 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.789784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We here provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms during heat stroke and describe similar mechanisms found in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Both conditions are characterized by disturbed homeostasis in which inflammatory pathways play a central role. Splanchnic vasoconstriction, increased gut permeability, gut-related endotoxemia, systemic inflammatory response, central nervous system dysfunction, blood coagulation disorder, endothelial-cell injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction underlie heat stroke. These mechanisms have also been documented in ME/CFS. Moreover, initial transcriptomic studies suggest that similar gene expressions are altered in both heat stroke and ME/CFS. Finally, some predisposing factors for heat stroke, such as pre-existing inflammation or infection, overlap with those for ME/CFS. Notwithstanding important differences - and despite heat stroke being an acute condition - the overlaps between heat stroke and ME/CFS suggest common pathways in the physiological responses to very different forms of stressors, which are manifested in different clinical outcomes. The human studies and animal models of heat stroke provide an explanation for the self-perpetuation of homeostatic imbalance centered around intestinal wall injury, which could also inform the understanding of ME/CFS. Moreover, the studies of novel therapeutics for heat stroke might provide new avenues for the treatment of ME/CFS. Future research should be conducted to investigate the similarities between heat stroke and ME/CFS to help identify the potential treatments for ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- CEAUL-Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chin Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,The ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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117
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Sviridenko NY, Sheremeta MS, Belovalova IM, Melnichenko GA. [Treatment of Graves' disease in patients with thyroid eye disease]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:128-135. [PMID: 34965078 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2021137061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that is often complicated by thyroid eye disease (TED). Clinical presentations of TED can develop simultaneously with the manifestation of GD, after the manifestation of GD amid treatment, and before the development of thyrotoxicosis. Treatment of such patients is a difficult task, because on the one hand, it is necessary to take into account the clinical picture of thyrotoxicosis, and on the other - the symptoms of eye damage. The combination of the two pathologies determines the need for simultaneous treatment of GD and TED, and the choice of a treatment method for GD will depend on the manifestations of TED. This article presents current views on the treatment of GD with concomitant TED. The choice of GD treatment method will be largely determined by the clinical manifestations of TED and will be conducted jointly by endocrinologists and ophthalmologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Sviridenko
- Scientific Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Sheremeta
- Scientific Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I M Belovalova
- Scientific Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Melnichenko
- Scientific Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
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Stress amelioration potential of vitamin C in ruminants: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:24. [PMID: 34957536 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants, as well as other livestock, can synthesize vitamin C (VC) in their liver, and therefore, dietary requirements from exogenous supplementation are often ignored. However, metabolic demand may be exceeded, leading to a decreased endogenous synthetic capacity of VC following exposure to stressful conditions. Such conditions include high thermal load, limited water intake (induced by water scarcity), physiological status and infectious diseases. The obvious consequences are decreased performance, susceptibility to infections and increased mortality. This review discusses the potential role of vitamin C in ruminants' stress management and summarizes the in vitro and in vivo research to date. The different administration routes, comparative advantages and supplementation outcomes on growth, production parameters and physiological status were also identified. Also, areas where there was a lack of evidence or controversy, including critical literature research gaps, were identified, while the mechanism of VC's actions on significant outcomes was explained.
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119
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Maruzzo M, Verzoni E, Vitale MG, Dionese M, Buti S, Galli L, Zivi A, Watutantrige-Fernando S, Zielli T, Zanardi E, Sabbatini R, Basso U, Zagonel V, Procopio G. Prognostic Value of Thyroid Hormone Ratio in Patients With Advanced Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Threefour Study (Meet-URO 14). Front Oncol 2021; 11:787835. [PMID: 34900742 PMCID: PMC8655227 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.787835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormone impairment, represented as an alteration in levels of thyroid hormones and a lower fT3/fT4 ratio, has been correlated with a worse prognosis for both cancer and non-cancer patients. The role of baseline thyroid function in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) however, has not been studied yet. Materials and Methods We recorded clinical data, baseline biochemical results, and oncological outcomes from 10 Oncology Units in Italy. We stratified patients into three groups according to the fT3/fT4 ratio value and subsequently analyzed differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the three groups. We also performed univariate and multivariate analyses to find prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Results We analyzed 134 patients treated with systemic treatment for mRCC. Median PFS in the low, intermediate, and high fT3/fT4 ratio group were 7.5, 12.1, and 21.7 months respectively (p<0.001); median OS in the three groups were 36.5, 48.6, and 70.5 months respectively (p =0.006). The low fT3/fT4 ratio maintained its prognostic role at the multivariate analysis independently from IMDC and other well-established prognostic factors. The development of iatrogenic hypothyroidism was not associated with a better outcome. Conclusion We found that baseline thyroid hormone impairment, represented by a low fT3/fT4 ratio, is a strong prognostic factor in patients treated for mRCC in first line setting and is independent of other parameters currently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maruzzo
- Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Verzoni
- Genito-Urinary (GU) Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Michele Dionese
- Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Zivi
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Watutantrige-Fernando
- Hereditary Tumor Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Teresa Zielli
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Zanardi
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Sabbatini
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Umberto Basso
- Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Genito-Urinary (GU) Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Clustering Inflammatory Markers with Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes Type 2 Can Support Family Physicians' Clinical Reasoning by Reducing Patients' Complexity. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121687. [PMID: 34946413 PMCID: PMC8700975 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a complex disease associated with chronic inflammation, end-organ damage, and multiple comorbidities. Initiatives are emerging for a more personalized approach in managing DM2 patients. We hypothesized that by clustering inflammatory markers with variables indicating the sociodemographic and clinical contexts of patients with DM2, we could gain insights into the hidden phenotypes and the underlying pathophysiological backgrounds thereof. We applied the k-means algorithm and a total of 30 variables in a group of 174 primary care (PC) patients with DM2 aged 50 years and above and of both genders. We included some emerging markers of inflammation, specifically, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the cytokines IL-17A and IL-37. Multiple regression models were used to assess associations of inflammatory markers with other variables. Overall, we observed that the cytokines were more variable than the marker NLR. The set of inflammatory markers was needed to indicate the capacity of patients in the clusters for inflammatory cell recruitment from the circulation to the tissues, and subsequently for the progression of end-organ damage and vascular complications. The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid hormonal axis, in addition to the cytokine IL-37, may have a suppressive, inflammation-regulatory role. These results can help PC physicians with their clinical reasoning by reducing the complexity of diabetic patients.
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121
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Ilera V, Delfino LC, Zunino A, Glikman P, Drnovsek M, Reyes A, Dios A, Toibaro J, Pachioli V, Lannes N, Guida A, Gauna A. Correlation between inflammatory parameters and pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with COVID-19. Endocrine 2021; 74:455-460. [PMID: 34515958 PMCID: PMC8436010 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of COVID-19. Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) has been increasingly recognized in affected patients. We aim to evaluate the correlation of thyroid hormones with markers of inflammation and association with disease outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and in two profiles of NTIS (low T3-normal/low FT4 vs. low T3-high FT4). METHODS consecutive patients admitted to a nonintensive care unit for COVID-19 were recruited. Infection was mild in 22%, moderate in 27.1% and severe in 50.8%; 7.41% died. T4, T3, FT4, FT3, and their ratios (T3/T4, FT3/FT4) were correlated with albumin, ferritin, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer. RESULTS Fifty five patients (50.9% men, median age 56 years) were included. Albumin correlated positively with T3 and hormones ratios, but negatively with FT4. T3, FT3, T3/T4, and FT3/FT4 correlated inversely with ferritin, fibrinogen, ESR, CRP, LDH, and D-dimer. FT4 showed direct correlation with fibrinogen and ESR. T3/T4 was lower in severe compared to mild/moderate disease [7.5 (4.5-15.5) vs. 9.2 (5.8-18.1); p = 0.04], and lower in patients who died than in those discharged [5 (4.53-5.6) vs. 8.1 (4.7-18.1); p = 0.03]. A low T3/high FT4 profile was associated with lower albumin, higher ferritin, and severity. CONCLUSION In this cohort, thyroid hormones correlated with inflammation and outcome. T3 and T3/T4 correlated inversely with inflammatory markers; a low T3/T4 ratio was associated with severity and poor prognosis. Patients with low T3 but high FT4 had higher ferritin, lower albumin, and more severe disease at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ilera
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura C Delfino
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabela Zunino
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Glikman
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Drnovsek
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Reyes
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Dios
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Toibaro
- Internal Medicine Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Pachioli
- Internal Medicine Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nayla Lannes
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Guida
- Internal Medicine Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Gauna
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu C, Messerlian C, Chen YJ, Mustieles V, Huang LL, Sun Y, Deng YL, Cheng YH, Liu J, Liu AM, Lu WQ, Wang YX. Trimester-specific associations of maternal exposure to disinfection by-products, oxidative stress, and neonatal neurobehavioral development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106838. [PMID: 34450548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicological studies suggest that maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) can impair fetal neurodevelopment. However, evidence from epidemiological studies is scarce and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the trimester-specific associations between maternal blood trihalomethane (THM) and urinary haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations and neonatal neurobehavioral development, and the potential mediating role of oxidative stress (OS). METHODS We included 438 pregnant Chinese women from the Xiaogan Disinfection By-Products (XGDBP) birth cohort. Biospecimens were repeatedly collected across trimesters and measured for blood THMs, urinary HAAs, and urinary OS biomarker concentrations. On the third day after birth, the Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) test was administered to newborns. Associations of trimester-specific DBP measurements and OS biomarkers with neonatal NBNA scores were assessed using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations. The potential mediating role of maternal OS biomarkers was also investigated using mediation analyses. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, blood bromodichloromethane (BDCM) concentrations in the first trimester were inversely associated with NBNA scores [percent change comparing the extreme BDCM tertiles = -28.1% (95% CI: -55.2%, -0.88%); p for trend = 0.043]. Besides, third-trimester urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) concentrations were inversely associated with NBNA scores [percent change comparing the extreme TCAA tertiles = -32.9% (95% CI: -64.7%, -1.0%); p for trend = 0.046]. These inverse associations differed across pregnancy trimesters (Type 3p-value = 0.066 and 0.053, respectively) and were stronger in male infants and mothers aged ≥25 years. There was no evidence of mediating effect by 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), or 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α). CONCLUSIONS Higher prenatal BDCM and TCAA concentrations during specific pregnancy trimesters were associated with lower NBNA scores. However, additional research is required to investigate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Li-Li Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying-Hui Cheng
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Service Centre of Xiaonan District, Xiaogan City, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Service Centre of Xiaonan District, Xiaogan City, Hubei, PR China
| | - A-Mei Liu
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Service Centre of Xiaonan District, Xiaogan City, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Song E, Park MJ, Kim JA, Roh E, Yu JH, Kim NH, Yoo HJ, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi KM. Implication of thyroid function in periodontitis: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22127. [PMID: 34764408 PMCID: PMC8586139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Possible links between periodontitis and various cardiometabolic and autoimmune diseases have been advocated on the basis of chronic inflammation or oxidative stress. However, the association between periodontitis and thyroid dysfunction is under-researched. Participants without previous thyroid disease or ongoing thyroid-related medication were included from a nationwide population-level survey. Participants were categorized into tertiles of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (first tertile < 1.76 mIU/L; second tertile 1.76-2.83 mIU/L; third tertile > 2.83 mIU/L), and periodontal condition was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Of the total of 5468 participants, 1423 had periodontitis (26%). A significant difference in the weighted prevalence of periodontitis according to TSH tertiles was observed, with the highest prevalence in the first tertile (26.5%) and the lowest prevalence in the third tertile (20.9%, p = 0.003). Subjects in the first TSH tertile had higher odds for periodontitis than those in the third tertile (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.68; p for trend = 0.005) after adjusting for covariates. This association was consistent across subgroups and within sensitivity analyses among subjects without specific factors affecting thyroid function or diseases reported to be related to periodontitis. The present study demonstrated that low TSH levels were associated with significantly higher odds for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyun Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang Y, Zhao M, Guo P, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhao J, Gao L, Yuan Z, Xue F, Zhao J. Mendelian randomisation highlights hypothyroidism as a causal determinant of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103669. [PMID: 34749302 PMCID: PMC8586742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between hypothyroidism and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is found in observational studies, it remains uncertain whether hypothyroidism causally influences IPF. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) was conducted with hypothyroidism genome-wide association study (GWAS) data in the UK Biobank from 289,307 individuals (18,740 cases and 270,567 controls) and the largest GWAS summary statistics of IPF from 11,259 individuals (2,668 cases and 8,591 controls). Findings were verified using an independent validation dataset, as well as through different MR methods with different model assumptions. A multivariable MR based on Bayesian model averaging was further performed to evaluate whether hypothyroidism, even given several other comorbidities of IPF, remained to be the true causal one of IPF. Findings A positive causal effect of hypothyroidism on IPF was revealed (MR inverse-variance weighted [MR-IVW], odds ratio [OR]=1.125, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.028-1.231; P=0.011), which was further verified in an independent validation set (MR-IVW, OR=1.229, 95% CI 1.054-1.432; P=0.008). The results were consistent from a variety of MR methods. Bidirectional analyses also indicated no reverse causation. Multivariable MR analysis showed hypothyroidism had the strongest marginal evidence (marginal inclusion probability=0.397, false discovery rate=0.025) compared with other comorbidities of IPF. Interpretation Our results illustrate the significant causal effect of hypothyroidism on IPF, which holds even given several other comorbidities of IPF. These findings may have an important insight into pathogenesis and possible future therapies of IPF. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province and the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250003, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250003, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250003, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250003, China
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- Cardiovasucular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250003, China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250003, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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Fibronectin Molecular Status in Plasma of Women with Endometriosis and Fertility Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111410. [PMID: 34768846 PMCID: PMC8583846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of endometriosis and fertility disorders is difficult; therefore, it is necessary to look for reliable biomarkers. Analysis of the molecular status of fibronectin as a key player in repair and wound healing processes, as well as in coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways, is justified. ELISA and SDS-agarose immunoblotting were applied to determine the fibronectin concentration and presence and occurrence of soluble FN-fibrin complexes in the blood plasma of women with endometriosis (n = 38), fertility disorders (n = 28) and the healthy group (n = 25). The concentration of fibronectin in the blood plasma of women with endometriosis (292.61 ± 96.17 mg/L) and fertility disorders (287.53 ± 122.68 mg/L) was significantly higher than in the normal group (226.55 ± 91.98 mg/L). The presence of FN-fibrin complexes of 750, 1000, 1300, 1600 and 1900 kDa in the plasma of women with endometriosis and fertility disorders was shown. The presence of FN-fibrin complexes with a molecular mass of more than 1300 kDa in women with endometriosis and infertility and the complete absence of these complexes in healthy women may indicate an increased and chronic activation of coagulation mechanisms in these patients. The presence of complexes of high molecular mass may be one of the biomarkers of fertility disorders in women.
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Bazard P, Pineros J, Frisina RD, Bauer MA, Acosta AA, Paganella LR, Borakiewicz D, Thivierge M, Mannering FL, Zhu X, Ding B. Cochlear Inflammaging in Relation to Ion Channels and Mitochondrial Functions. Cells 2021; 10:2761. [PMID: 34685743 PMCID: PMC8534887 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow accumulation of inflammatory biomarker levels in the body-also known as inflammaging-has been linked to a myriad of age-related diseases. Some of these include neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and many others. Though a direct correlation has not been established, research connecting age-related hearing loss (ARHL)-the number one communication disorder and one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases of our aged population-and inflammaging has gained interest. Research, thus far, has found that inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and white blood cells, are associated with ARHL in humans and animals. Moreover, studies investigating ion channels and mitochondrial involvement have shown promising relationships between their functions and inflammaging in the cochlea. In this review, we summarize key findings in inflammaging within the auditory system, the involvement of ion channels and mitochondrial functions, and lastly discuss potential treatment options focusing on controlling inflammation as we age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Bazard
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jennifer Pineros
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Robert D. Frisina
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Behavioral & Communication Sciences, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mark A. Bauer
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Alejandro A. Acosta
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Lauren R. Paganella
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Dominika Borakiewicz
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Mark Thivierge
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Freyda L. Mannering
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Yang M, Wang D, Gan S, Wang B, Yu L, Xie Y, Fan L, Ma J, Chen W. Triiodothyronine ameliorates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148041. [PMID: 34090168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to silica or particles is very common in natural, agricultural and industrial activities. Chronic silica exposure can lead to silicosis, which remains one of the most serious interstitial lung diseases all through the world, while viable therapeutic choices are restricted. Triiodothyronine (T3) has been shown to exert a defensive role in many pulmonary diseases, however, rare data are available regarding the role of T3 on silica-induced injury. We constructed an experimental silicosis mouse model and T3 was intraperitoneally administrated after instillation of silica to observe the effect of T3 on silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Our results showed that the silicosis mouse model was accompanied by changes in thyroid morphology and function, and T3 supplement reduced silica-induced lung damage, inflammation and collagen deposition. The protective properties of T3 on silica-induced lung injury could be partially mediated through thyroid hormone receptors. And the mechanism by which T3 treatment ameliorated silica-induced fibrosis appeared to be via the reduction of glycolysis. Also, T3 could sufficiently postpone the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in established silicosis. Our findings reveal that administration of T3 could down-regulate the inflammatory response, pulmonary fibrosis and other lung damage caused by silica. The reduction of glycolysis may be one of the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiming Gan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yujia Xie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Methimazole Induced Oxidative Stress in a Feline Kidney Epithelial Cell Line (CRFK). Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100220. [PMID: 34679050 PMCID: PMC8541200 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of choice for feline hyperthyroidism is the administration of the antithyroid drug methimazole. Both the endocrinopathy and the drug adverse reactions (e.g., hepatotoxicosis, gastrointestinal disorders, and renal injury) are partly due to oxidative stress and redox unbalance. This study investigated the free radical production and the impairment of the antioxidant barrier induced by methimazole in an in vitro model of feline renal epithelium. The protective effects of quercetin and resveratrol were also explored. CRFK cells were incubated with a methimazole concentration equivalent to the maximum plasma levels in orally treated cats (4 µM), in the presence or absence of either one of the two selected antioxidants at different time-points (up to 72 h). Cell viability, ROS production, GSH levels, and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST) were assessed. Methimazole impaired cell viability and increased ROS levels in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, GSH content and CAT, SOD, and GPx3 expression were higher compared with control cells. Such effects were significantly counteracted by quercetin. These results provide new insights about the mechanisms underlying the methimazole-related side effects frequently observed in hyperthyroid cats. They also support the use of quercetin in the management of feline hyperthyroidism.
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Association of Polygenetic Risk Scores Related to Immunity and Inflammation with Hyperthyroidism Risk and Interactions between the Polygenetic Scores and Dietary Factors in a Large Cohort. J Thyroid Res 2021; 2021:7664641. [PMID: 34567510 PMCID: PMC8457978 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7664641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves's disease and thyroiditis induce hyperthyroidism, the causes of which remain unclear, although they are involved with genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to evaluate polygenetic variants for hyperthyroidism risk and their interaction with metabolic parameters and nutritional intakes in an urban hospital-based cohort. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of participants with (cases; n = 842) and without (controls, n = 38,799) hyperthyroidism was used to identify and select genetic variants. In clinical and lifestyle interaction with PRS, 312 participants cured of hyperthyroidism were excluded. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with gene-gene interactions were selected by hyperthyroidism generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were generated by summing the numbers of selected SNP risk alleles. The best gene-gene interaction model included tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)_rs1800610, mucin 22 (MUC22)_rs1304322089, tribbles pseudokinase 2 (TRIB2)_rs1881145, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4)_rs231775, lipoma-preferred partner (LPP)_rs6780858, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-J_ rs767861647. The PRS of the best model was positively associated with hyperthyroidism risk by 1.939-fold (1.317-2.854) after adjusting for covariates. PRSs interacted with age, metabolic syndrome, and dietary inflammatory index (DII), while hyperthyroidism risk interacted with energy, calcium, seaweed, milk, and coffee intake (P < 0.05). The PRS impact on hyperthyroidism risk was observed in younger (<55 years) participants and adults without metabolic syndrome. PRSs were positively associated with hyperthyroidism risk in participants with low dietary intakes of energy (OR = 2.74), calcium (OR = 2.84), seaweed (OR = 3.43), milk (OR = 2.91), coffee (OR = 2.44), and DII (OR = 3.45). In conclusion, adults with high PRS involved in inflammation and immunity had a high hyperthyroidism risk exacerbated under low intakes of energy, calcium, seaweed, milk, or coffee. These results can be applied to personalized nutrition in a clinical setting.
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Candellone A, Saettone V, Badino P, Girolami F, Radice E, Bergero D, Odore R, Meineri G. Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism and the Need to Prevent Oxidative Stress: What Can We Learn from Human Research? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091496. [PMID: 34573128 PMCID: PMC8469997 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome related to an excessive production of thyroid hormones, and it is considered as a spontaneous animal model for human thyrotoxicosis. Many shared features between the feline and the human disease have been identified so far, including pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment options. Although methimazole is considered the first-choice drug in both species, several side effects have been described. Furthermore, methimazole could interfere with the oxidative status, already perturbated by the disease. It has been reported in humans that dietary management, mainly through antioxidant supplementation, could mitigate this oxidative burden. The purpose of the review is to describe current therapeutic options in the course of feline hyperthyroidism and to summarize the state of the art relationship between dietary antioxidants administration and the reduction of methimazole side-effects in humans to support the use of this approach also in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Candellone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (V.S.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (R.O.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittorio Saettone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (V.S.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (R.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (V.S.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (R.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (V.S.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (R.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Radice
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti, 14, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (V.S.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (R.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosangela Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (V.S.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (R.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (V.S.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (R.O.); (G.M.)
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131
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Valavi E, Zaeemi M, Mohri M. Age-related changes in thyroid hormones, some serum oxidative biomarkers and trace elements and their relationships in healthy Saanen goat kids during the first three month of age. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:494-505. [PMID: 34510557 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life diseases in dairy animals are main causes of economic loss in livestock production. Oxidative stress (OS) and thyroid hormones are important inter-related components in the normal physiology of this critical period of life. However, limited information regarding their physiology in goat kids is available. This study was conducted to investigate the age-related changes of thyroid hormones, some serum oxidative biomarkers and trace elements in healthy Saanen goat kids. METHODS Nineteen newborn healthy Saanen goat kids (14 females and five males) were studied longitudinally from birth until three months of age. Blood sampling was performed 24-48 h after birth and was repeated on 10 ± 2, 28 ± 2, 56 ± 2 and 84 ± 2 days of age. The serum levels of thyroid hormones, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo) were measured. RESULTS Age-related changes were observed for all measured variables except for MDA (p < 0.05). A decreasing trend was detected throughout the study in thyroid hormones, T3: T4 ratio and Mn (p < 0.01). Some factors decreased from birth to day 10 (Se) or day 28 (TAC and GSH) and followed by an increasing trend that extended to day 84 (p < 0.01). There were significant correlations between thyroid hormones and TAC, as well as Mn levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that specific age-related reference values are essential for proper interpretation of the serum level of thyroid hormones and Mn in Saanen goat kids during the first three months of life. In addition, given the high level of thyroid hormones particularly during the first days of life, and their relationship with oxidative biomarkers and trace elements, improving the antioxidant system in this critical period is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Valavi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Zaeemi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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132
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The Influence of Oxidative Stress on Thyroid Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091442. [PMID: 34573074 PMCID: PMC8465820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases, including neoplasms, autoimmune diseases and thyroid dysfunctions, are becoming a serious social problem with rapidly increasing prevalence. The latter is increasingly linked to oxidative stress. There are many methods for determining the biomarkers of oxidative stress, making it possible to evaluate the oxidative profile in patients with thyroid diseases compared to the healthy population. This opens up a new perspective for investigating the role of elevated parameters of oxidative stress and damage in people with thyroid diseases, especially of neoplastic nature. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is observed at different stages and in different types of thyroid diseases. The organ, which is part of the endocrine system, uses free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) to produce hormones. Thyroid cells release enzymes that catalyse ROS generation; therefore, a key role is played by the internal defence system and non-enzymatic antioxidants that counteract excess ROS not utilised to produce thyroid hormones, acting as a buffer to neutralise free radicals and ensure whole-body homeostasis. An excess of free radicals causes structural cell damage, undermining genomic stability. Looking at the negative effects of ROS accumulation, oxidative stress appears to be implicated in both the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to investigate the oxidation background of thyroid diseases and to summarise the links between redox imbalance and thyroid dysfunction and disease.
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133
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Jirillo E, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Guastamacchia E, Triggiani V. Thyroid and COVID-19: a review on pathophysiological, clinical and organizational aspects. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1801-1814. [PMID: 33765288 PMCID: PMC7992516 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunction has been observed in patients with COVID-19, and endocrinologists are requested to understand this clinical issue. Pandemic-related restrictions and reorganization of healthcare services may affect thyroid disease management. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To analyze and discuss the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid diseases from several perspectives. PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for this purpose by using free text words and medical subject headings as follows: "sars cov 2", "covid 19", "subacute thyroiditis", "atypical thyroiditis", "chronic thyroiditis", "hashimoto's thyroiditis", "graves' disease", "thyroid nodule", "differentiated thyroid cancer", "medullary thyroid cancer", "methimazole", "levothyroxine", "multikinase inhibitor", "remdesivir", "tocilizumab". Data were collected, analyzed, and discussed to answer the following clinical questions: "What evidence suggests that COVID-19 may induce detrimental consequences on thyroid function?"; "Could previous or concomitant thyroid diseases deteriorate the prognosis of COVID-19 once the infection has occurred?"; "Could medical management of thyroid diseases influence the clinical course of COVID-19?"; "Does medical management of COVID-19 interfere with thyroid function?"; "Are there defined strategies to better manage endocrine diseases despite restrictive measures and in-hospital and ambulatory activities reorganizations?". RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 may induce thyroid dysfunction that is usually reversible, including subclinical and atypical thyroiditis. Patients with baseline thyroid diseases are not at higher risk of contracting or transmitting SARS-CoV-2, and baseline thyroid dysfunction does not foster a worse progression of COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether low levels of free triiodothyronine, observed in seriously ill patients with COVID-19, may worsen the disease's clinical progression and, consequently, if triiodothyronine supplementation could be a tool for reducing this burden. Glucocorticoids and heparin may affect thyroid hormone secretion and measurement, respectively, leading to possible misdiagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in severe cases of COVID-19. High-risk thyroid nodules require a fine-needle aspiration without relevant delay, whereas other non-urgent diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions should be postponed. DISCUSSION Currently, we know that SARS-CoV-2 could lead to short-term and reversible thyroid dysfunction, but thyroid diseases seem not to affect the progression of COVID-19. Adequate management of patients with thyroid diseases remains essential during the pandemic, but it could be compromised because of healthcare service restrictions. Endocrine care centers should continuously recognize and classify priority cases for in-person visits and therapeutic procedures. Telemedicine may be a useful tool for managing patients not requiring in-person visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Apulia, Italy.
| | - A De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - E Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - V A Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - G De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - E Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - V Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Apulia, Italy.
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134
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Associations between the thyroid panel and serum protein concentrations across pregnancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15970. [PMID: 34354103 PMCID: PMC8342432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing any characteristic associations between the serum parameters of thyroid function and serum proteins in pregnancy may aid in elucidating the role of the thyroid gland in the regulation of pregnancy-specific metabolic processes and in selecting candidate biomarkers for use in their clinical assessment. Concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4), six electrophoretically separated protein fractions (albumin, alpha-1-, alpha2-, beta-1-, beta-2- and gamma-globulins), representative proteins—albumin (ALB), transferrin (TRF), alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG) and ceruloplasmin (CER) were measured in 136 serum samples from 65 women in their consecutive trimesters of pregnancy. The concentrations of TSH, fT4 and fT3 were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the concentrations of the albumin, alpha-2- and beta-1 globulin fractions. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) which were positive between fT4 and ALB and negative between fT4 and TRF were established throughout pregnancy. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were demonstrated for fT3 with alpha-2-globulin, AMG and CER. Changes in the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones seen between the trimesters were found to correlate with the concentrations of high-abundance serum proteins. Opposite directions of correlations between fT4 and ALB and fT4 and TRF observed throughout pregnancy may indicate the shared biological role of these parameters in maintaining maternal homeostasis and they suggest their potential use in the clinic as a simple biomarker panel. A negative correlation of fT3 with CER in the second trimester possibly reflects their involvement in the active regulation of metabolic processes.
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135
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, Laparra JM, Boscá L. Beyond classic concepts in thyroid homeostasis: Immune system and microbiota. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111333. [PMID: 34048865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that thyroid hormones have implications for multiple physiological processes and can lead to serious illness when there is an imbalance in its metabolism. The connections between thyroid hormone metabolism and the immune system have been extensively described, as they can participate in inflammation, autoimmunity, or cancer progression. In addition, changes in the normal intestinal microbiota involve the activation of the immune system while triggering different pathophysiological disorders. Recent studies have linked the microbiota and certain bacterial fragments or metabolites to the regulation of thyroid hormones and the general response in the endocrine system. Even if the biology and function of the thyroid gland has attracted more attention due to its pathophysiological importance, there are essential mechanisms and issues related to it that are related to the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system and must be further investigated. Here we summarize additional information to uncover these relationships, the knowledge of which would help establish new personalized medical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Laparra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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136
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Bibi S, Shah M, Malik MO, Goosens KA. T3 is linked to stress-associated reduction of prolactin in lactating women. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13003. [PMID: 34241933 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between stress responses and lactation is bidirectional. Breastfeeding confers many benefits to maternal health, including attenuated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness to stress. However, increased stress burden can impair lactation. The mechanisms that underlie these relationships are poorly understood. The present study aimed to compare breastfeeding habits, as well as subjective and objective measures of stress, in employed and non-employed lactating women and assess the relationships between these measures and prolactin (PRL), thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine [T3] and thyroxine), vasopressin and cortisol levels. A dexamethasone suppression test was also administered to determine the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to negative-feedback. We report that lactating employed women had lower breastfeeding rates and lower PRL than lactating non-employed women. They also had a significantly higher stress burden, indicated by elevations in blood pressure and evening cortisol, relative to lactating non-employed women. In regression analyses that controlled for feeding modality and breastfeeding duration, we found these factors differentially affected PRL in the two groups and there were significant differences in PRL across groups that were not accounted for by these factors. A mediation regression analysis suggested that group differences in PRL were best explained by differences in T3 and income levels, rather than breastfeeding duration or other variables. Our data fit a speculative model in which elevated maternal stress increases cortisol, which suppresses T3, leading to decreased PRL. The decreases in PRL are associated with higher rates of bottlefeeding, which may further contribute to decreased PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Bibi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omar Malik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ki Ann Goosens
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Oh K, Adnan M, Cho D. Uncovering Mechanisms of Zanthoxylum piperitum Fruits for the Alleviation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:703. [PMID: 34439936 PMCID: PMC8389290 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum piperitum fruits (ZPFs) have been demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its compounds and mechanisms against RA have not been elucidated. This study was to investigate the compounds and mechanisms of ZPFs to alleviate RA via network pharmacology. The compounds from ZPFs were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and screened to select drug-likeness compounds through SwissADME. Targets associated with bioactive compounds or RA were identified utilizing bioinformatics databases. The signaling pathways related to RA were constructed; interactions among targets; and signaling pathways-targets-compounds (STC) were analyzed by RPackage. Finally, a molecular docking test (MDT) was performed to validate affinity between targets and compounds on key signaling pathway(s). GC-MS detected a total of 85 compounds from ZPFs, and drug-likeness properties accepted all compounds. A total of 216 targets associated with compounds 3377 RA targets and 101 targets between them were finally identified. Then, a bubble chart exhibited that inactivation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and activation of PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling pathway might be key pathways against RA. Overall, this work suggests that seven compounds from ZPFs and eight targets might be multiple targets on RA and provide integrated pharmacological evidence to support the clinical efficacy of ZPFs on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.O.); (M.A.)
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138
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Rahman Y, Krisanti RIA, Wisnu W, Sitohang IBS. The Comparison between Free Thyroxine and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels on Melasma Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melasma has been suspected to be linked with levels of thyroid hormone. There is no study that explains the association between thyroid hormone level with melasma severity. Objective: This study aims to find the discrepancies in the levels of thyroid hormone in varying severity of melasma by using two different measurement techniques. Methods: Subjects were chosen consecutively from the dermatology clinic at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusomo hospital. Forty-eight patients participated in this study were categorized into mild melasma and moderate-severe melasma based on modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) and Janus II measurement. Results: Statistically, mMASI measurement showed no significant association between varying melasma severity with levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and free T4 (FT4), P 0.375 and P 0.208, respectively. The Janus II examination using polarized light modality has a weak positive correlation with the serum FT4 level (r=0.3; P 0.039). Weak correlation was also found between the two measurement strategies, Janus II and mMASI (r= 0.314; P 0.03). Conclusion: There are no significant differences observed in levels of thyroid hormone between subjects with varying degrees of melasma severity.
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139
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Avci G, Ulutas E, Ozdemir V, Kivrak I, Bulbul A. The positive effect of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil on thyroid hormones in rats with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13801. [PMID: 34080722 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In our study, the effect of essential oil obtained from Nigella sativa L. (NSE) on thyroid hormones and antioxidant balance in hypothyroidism (HT) and hyperthyroidism (HP) models induced by propylthiouracil(PTU) and L-thyroxine(LT4 ), respectively, in rats were investigated for 4 weeks. NSE was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. In this study, 48 male Wistar albino rats with an average weight of 180-290 g and age 5-6 months were divided into eight groups, as follows: groups with HT, (1) control, (2) HT, (3) NSE, and (4) HT + NSE; groups with HP, (1) control, (2) HP, (3), and NSE (4) HP + NSE. As a result, we found that NSE administration increased total triiodothyronine (TT3 ) and decreased nitric oxide in HT + NSE. Besides, it decreased TT3 in HP + NSE and increased total antioxidant capacity. Our findings suggest that NSE may have beneficial effects on thyroid gland abnormalities owing to its antioxidant properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Essential oils derived from Nigella sativa L. seed contain many bioactive substances such as thymoquinone and cymene. This paper emphasizes the effect of NSE on thyroid hormone abnormalities and negative oxidative state that occurs in HT and HP models. The present study provides evidence of a positive effect of NSE particularly on TT3 levels in the HT and HP models. It can therefore be assumed that NSE could be used as a supportive natural alternative source to improve thyroid hormone levels and relieve increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Elmas Ulutas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bozok, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Vural Ozdemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kivrak
- Food Analysis Application, Research Center, University of Mugla Sıtkı Kocman, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Aziz Bulbul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Milas Veterinary Medicine, University of Mugla Sıtkı Kocman, Mugla, Turkey
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140
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Chuang TJ, Lin JD, Wu CZ, Ku HC, Liao CC, Yeh CJ, Pei D, Chen YL. The relationships between thyroid-stimulating hormone level and insulin resistance, glucose effectiveness, first- and second-phase insulin secretion in Chinese populations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25707. [PMID: 34106595 PMCID: PMC8133064 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased insulin resistance (IR); decreased glucose effectiveness (GE); and both first-and second phase of insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS) have always been important factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relationships between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and these 4 factors in adult Chinese. We randomly enrolled 24,407 men and 24,889 women between 30 and 59 years old. IR, FPIS, SPIS and GE were measured with the equations built by our group. IR = log (1.439 + 0.018 × sex - 0.003 × age + 0.029 × BMI - 0.001 × SBP + 0.006 × DBP + 0.049 × TG - 0.046 × HDLC - 0.0116 × FPG) × 10 3.333. FPIS = 10 [1.477 - 0.119 × FPG + 0.079 × BMI - 0.523 × HDLC]. SPIS = 10 [-2.4 - 0.088 × FPG + 0.072 × BMI]. GE = (29.196 - 0.103 × age - 2.722 × TG - 0.592 × FPG) ×10 −3. The t test was performed to evaluate the differences between normal and diabetic groups. To evaluate the differences of the mean values of the 4 groups, from the highest to the lowest levels of TSH, we used a one-way analysis of variance. Age, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and GE were higher in women. On the other hand, body mass index, blood pressure, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, FPIS, SPIS and IR were higher in men. TSH was positively related to IR, FPIS, and SPIS and negatively related to GE. According to the r values, the tightest relationship was between TSH and IR, followed by GE, FPIS and SPIS. In conclusion, our data showed that IR, FPIS, and SPIS were positively related to the TSH level in middle-aged Chinese, whereas GE was negatively related. In both genders, IR had the tightest association followed by GE, FPIS, and SPIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ju Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital
| | - Chung-Ze Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chun Ku
- Department and Institute of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
| | - Chun-Cheng Liao
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Chih-Jung Yeh
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Dee Pei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, School of Medicine, New Taipei City
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, School of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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Habza-Kowalska E, Kaczor AA, Bartuzi D, Piłat J, Gawlik-Dziki U. Some Dietary Phenolic Compounds Can Activate Thyroid Peroxidase and Inhibit Lipoxygenase-Preliminary Study in the Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105108. [PMID: 34065957 PMCID: PMC8151655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented research concerns the triple activity of trans-cinnamic (tCA), ferulic (FA) and syringic acids (SA). They act as thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activators, lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors and show antiradical activity. All compounds showed a dose-dependent TPO activatory effect, thus the AC50 value (the concentration resulting in 50% activation) was determined. The tested compounds can be ranked as follows: tCA > FA > SA with AC50 = 0.10, 0.39, 0.69 mM, respectively. Strong synergism was found between FA and SA. The activatory effects of all tested compounds may result from interaction with the TPO allosteric site. It was proposed that conformational change resulting from activator binding to TPO allosteric pocket results from the flexibility of a nearby loop formed by residues Val352-Tyr363. All compounds act as uncompetitive LOX inhibitors. The most effective were tCA and SA, whereas the weakest was FA (IC50 = 0.009 mM and IC50 0.027 mM, respectively). In all cases, an interaction between the inhibitors carboxylic groups and side-chain atoms of Arg102 and Arg139 in an allosteric pocket of LOX was suggested. FA/tCA and FA/SA acted synergistically, whereas tCA/SA demonstrated antagonism. The highest antiradical activity was found in the case of SA (IC50 = 0.22 mM). FA/tCA and tCA/SA acted synergistically, whereas antagonism was found for the SA/FA mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Habza-Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.A.K.); (D.B.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Damian Bartuzi
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Jacek Piłat
- Department of General Surgery, Transplantology and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Str. 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Stanculescu D, Larsson L, Bergquist J. Theory: Treatments for Prolonged ICU Patients May Provide New Therapeutic Avenues for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:672370. [PMID: 34026797 PMCID: PMC8137963 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We here provide an overview of treatment trials for prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) patients and theorize about their relevance for potential treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Specifically, these treatment trials generally target: (a) the correction of suppressed endocrine axes, notably through a "reactivation" of the pituitary gland's pulsatile secretion of tropic hormones, or (b) the interruption of the "vicious circle" between inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and low thyroid hormone function. There are significant parallels in the treatment trials for prolonged critical illness and ME/CFS; this is consistent with the hypothesis of an overlap in the mechanisms that prevent recovery in both conditions. Early successes in the simultaneous reactivation of pulsatile pituitary secretions in ICU patients-and the resulting positive metabolic effects-could indicate an avenue for treating ME/CFS. The therapeutic effects of thyroid hormones-including in mitigating O&NS and inflammation and in stimulating the adreno-cortical axis-also merit further studies. Collaborative research projects should further investigate the lessons from treatment trials for prolonged critical illness for solving ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Larsson
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry–Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Collaborative Research Centre at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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The Unity of Redox and Structural Remodeling of Brown Adipose Tissue in Hypothyroidism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040591. [PMID: 33921249 PMCID: PMC8068806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for maintaining whole-body metabolic and energy homeostasis. However, the effects of hypothyroidism, one of the most common diseases worldwide, which increases the risk of several metabolic disorders, on BAT redox and metabolic homeostasis remain mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate the dynamics of protein expression, enzyme activity, and localization of antioxidant defense (AD) enzymes in rat interscapular BAT upon induction of hypothyroidism by antithyroid drug methimazole for 7, 15, and 21 days. Our results showed an increased protein expression of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutamyl-cysteine ligase, thioredoxin, total glutathione content, and activity of catalase and thioredoxin reductase in hypothyroid rats, compared to euthyroid control. Concomitant with the increase in AD, newly established nuclear, mitochondrial, and peroxisomal localization of AD enzymes was found. Hypothyroidism also potentiated associations between mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lipid bodies, creating specific structural-functional units. Moreover, hypothyroidism induced protein expression and nuclear translocation of a master regulator of redox-metabolic homeostasis, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and an increased amount of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts. The results indicate that spatiotemporal overlap in the remodeling of AD is orchestrated by Nrf2, implicating the role of 4-HNE in this process and suggesting the potential mechanism of redox-structural remodeling during BAT adaptation in hypothyroidism.
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Van Regemorter E, Joris V, Van Regemorter V, Marique L, Behets C, Lengelé B, Boschi A, Baldeschi L, Daumerie C, Many MC, Craps J. Downregulation of Caveolin-1 and Upregulation of Deiodinase 3, Associated with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Increase, Are Involved in the Oxidative Stress of Graves' Orbital Adipocytes. Thyroid 2021; 31:627-637. [PMID: 32977740 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Even though the clinical features of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) are well known, its exact pathogenesis remains controversial. The imbalance of redox homeostasis in the connective tissue could play a crucial role leading to an inflammatory state and edema of soft orbital tissues, thus contributing to orbital hypoxia and increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. This oxidative stress appears to target the orbital cells such as fibroblasts and also adipocytes. This study aims to explore which pathways can lead to the aforementioned oxidative stress in GO adipose cells and therefore offers new plausible therapeutic targets. Methods: Orbital fat samples were obtained from patients with GO (Western blot [WB]: n = 8, immunohistochemistry [IHC]: n = 8) and from control patients (WB: n = 5, IHC: n = 3-5). They were processed for WB analysis and IHC of the antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase 1) and for HIF-1α. The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and deiodinase 3 (DIO3), known to be regulated by HIF-1α, was also analyzed by WB and IHC, as well as the targets of Cav-1: glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), NADPH oxidase (NOX)-2, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Triiodothyronine (T3) expression was also analyzed by IHC. Results: In GO adipocytes, the expression of catalase was reduced, whereas that of HIF-1α was strongly increased. A decreased local T3 supply was associated with DIO3 upregulation. The low expression of Cav-1 in GO adipocytes was associated not only with low expression of Glut-4 but also with an increased expression of NOX-2 and active eNOS phosphorylated on serine 1177. Conclusions: Cav-1 and DIO3, both sensitive to hypoxia and to the increase of HIF-1α, play a pivotal role in the oxidative stress in GO adipocytes. DIO3 regulates the cellular supply of T3, which is essential for the cell homeostasis. Cav-1 determines the cellular glucose supply through Glut-4 and regulates the activity of NOX-2 generating superoxide anions and that of eNOS generating nitric oxide (NO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Van Regemorter
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Joris
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victoria Van Regemorter
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lancelot Marique
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Behets
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Lengelé
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Boschi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lelio Baldeschi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Daumerie
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Many
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Craps
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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de Souza Cardoso J, Baldissarelli J, Reichert KP, Teixeira FC, Pereira Soares MS, Chitolina Schetinger MR, Morsch VM, Farias Martins Filho AO, Duarte Junior HR, Ribeiro Coriolano FH, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM, Tavares RG. Neuroprotection elicited by resveratrol in a rat model of hypothyroidism: Possible involvement of cholinergic signaling and redox status. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111157. [PMID: 33421531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the cholinergic pathway and oxidative stress are important mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone that predispose the patient to brain dysfunction. Phenolic compounds have numerous health benefits, including antioxidant activity. This study evaluates the preventive effects of resveratrol in the cholinergic system and redox status in rats with methimazole-induced hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism increases acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and density in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and decreases the α7 and M1 receptor densities in the hippocampus. Hypothyroidism also increases cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), but reduces total thiol content, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the serum. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, hypothyroidism increases the levels of ROS and nitrites. In this study, resveratrol (50 mg/kg) treatment prevents the observed increase in AChE in the cerebral cortex, and increases the protein levels of NeuN, a marker of mature neurons. Resveratrol also prevents changes in serum ROS levels and brain structure, as well as the levels of TBARS, total thiol content, and serum catalase enzyme activity. These collective findings suggest that resveratrol has a high antioxidant capacity and can restore hypothyroidism-triggered alterations related to neurotransmission. Thus, it is a promising agent for the prevention of brain damage resulting from hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Souza Cardoso
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rejane Giacomelli Tavares
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; CBIOS- Universidade Lusófona de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zhang M, Deng YL, Liu C, Chen PP, Luo Q, Miao Y, Cui FP, Wang LQ, Jiang M, Zeng Q. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations, oxidative stress and thyroid function biomarkers among patients with thyroid nodules. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116416. [PMID: 33433341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prior human studies have explored effects of phthalate exposures on thyroid function, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly unclear. We aimed to explore the associations between phthalate exposures and thyroid function among a potentially susceptible population such as patients with thyroid nodules, and further to assess the mediating role of oxidative stress. We measured eight phthalate metabolites, three oxidative stress biomarkers [8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA)] in urine and three thyroid function biomarkers [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4)] in serum among 214 patients with thyroid nodules. Multivariate regression models were applied to assess the associations among urinary phthalate metabolites, oxidative stress and thyroid function biomarkers. The potential mediating role of oxidative stress was explored by mediation analysis. We observed that multiple urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with altered FT4 and increased oxidative stress biomarkers (all FDR-adjusted P ≤ 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that 8-isoPGF2α was negatively associated with FT3/FT4 among patients with benign thyroid nodules (FDR-adjusted P = 0.08). The mediation analysis indicated that 8-isoPGF2α mediated the associations of urinary MEHHP and %MEHP with FT3/FT4, with 55.6% and 32.6% proportion of the mediating effects, respectively. Our data suggest that lipid peroxidation may be an intermediate mechanism involved in the effects of certain phthalate exposures on altered thyroid function among patients with benign thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Long-Qiang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Pamphlett R, Doble PA, Bishop DP. Mercury in the human thyroid gland: Potential implications for thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246748. [PMID: 33561145 PMCID: PMC7872292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mercury and other toxic metals have been suggested to be involved in thyroid disorders, but the distribution and prevalence of mercury in the human thyroid gland is not known. We therefore used two elemental bio-imaging techniques to look at the distribution of mercury and other toxic metals in the thyroid glands of people over a wide range of ages. Materials and methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thyroid tissue blocks were obtained from 115 people aged 1–104 years old, with varied clinicopathological conditions, who had thyroid samples removed during forensic/coronial autopsies. Seven-micron sections from these tissue blocks were used to detect intracellular inorganic mercury using autometallography. The presence of mercury was confirmed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry which can detect multiple elements. Results Mercury was found on autometallography in the thyroid follicular cells of 4% of people aged 1–29 years, 9% aged 30–59 years, and 38% aged 60–104 years. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of mercury in samples staining with autometallography, and detected cadmium, lead, iron, nickel and silver in selected samples. Conclusions The proportion of people with mercury in their thyroid follicular cells increases with age, until it is present in over one-third of people aged 60 years and over. Other toxic metals in thyroid cells could enhance mercury toxicity. Mercury can trigger genotoxicity, autoimmune reactions, and oxidative damage, which raises the possibility that mercury could play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancers, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Philip A. Doble
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P. Bishop
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yuan D, Zhang C, Jia S, Liu Y, Jiang L, Xu L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Xu B, Hui R, Gao R, Gao Z, Song L, Yuan J. Predictive value of free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) ratio in long-term outcomes of euthyroid patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:579-586. [PMID: 33250369 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Whether routine assessment of FT3/FT4 ratio in euthyroid patients with three-vessel disease (3VD) could help identify high-risk individuals remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between FT3/FT4 ratio and long-term clinical outcomes in this specific population. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 2106 euthyroid patients with 3VD (stenoses of ≥50% in right coronary artery, left circumflex and left anterior descending). Patients were categorized into three groups according to tertiles of FT3/FT4 ratio (Q1>2.58,n = 704; 2.2 ≤ Q2<2.58, n = 706; Q3<2.22, n = 696). The median follow-up time was 5.3 years, during which 206 deaths and 332 MACCEs (consisting of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) occurred. Compared with the other two groups, patients with low level of FT3/FT4 ratio tended to be female, older, diabetic, and had significantly higher incidences of all-cause death, cardiac death and MACCE (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that patients with low level of FT3/FT4 ratio had higher risks of long-term cardiac death (adjusted HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.06-3.28, P = 0.030) and MACCE (adjusted HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.07-1.93, P = 0.017) than those with high level of FT3/FT4 ratio. Subgroup analysis showed there was a significant interaction between FT3/FT4 ratio and age (≥65 years vs.<65 years) for MACCE (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION Low level of FT3/FT4 ratio is independently associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiac death and MACCE in euthyroid patients with 3VD. Routine assessment of FT3/FT4 ratio might be helpful to identify high-risk individuals in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshan Yuan
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sida Jia
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Xu
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Gao
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinqing Yuan
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Thyroid-Modulating Activities of Olive and Its Polyphenols: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020529. [PMID: 33561976 PMCID: PMC7915253 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil, which is commonly used in the Mediterranean diet, is known for its health benefits related to the reduction of the risks of cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disease. These unique properties are attributed to the phytochemicals with potent antioxidant activities in olive oil. Olive leaf also harbours similar bioactive compounds. Several studies have reported the effects of olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extract in the modulation of thyroid activities. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of olive derivatives on thyroid function. A comprehensive search was conducted in October 2020 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal, and human studies reporting the effects of olive derivatives, including olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extracts on thyroid function were considered. The literature search found 445 articles on this topic, but only nine articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All included articles were animal studies involving the administration of olive oil, olive leaf extract, or olive pomace residues orally. These olive derivatives were consistently demonstrated to have thyroid-stimulating activities in euthyroid or hypothyroid animals, but their mechanisms of action are unknown. Despite the positive results, validation of the beneficial health effects of olive derivatives in the human population is lacking. In conclusion, olive derivatives, especially olive oil and leaf extract, could stimulate thyroid function. Olive pomace residue is not suitable for pharmaceutical or health supplementation purposes. Therapeutic applications of olive oil and leaf extract, especially in individuals with hypothyroidism, require further validation through human studies.
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