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Delpeut S, Sisson G, Black KM, Richardson CD. Measles Virus Enters Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines through a PVRL4-Mediated Macropinocytosis Pathway. J Virol 2017; 91:e02191-16. [PMID: 28250131 PMCID: PMC5411587 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02191-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) is a member of the family Paramixoviridae that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease but has emerged as a promising oncolytic platform. Previous studies of MeV entry focused on the identification of cellular receptors. However, the endocytic and trafficking pathways utilized during MeV entry remain poorly described. The contribution of each endocytic pathway has been examined in cells that express the MeV receptors SLAM (signaling lymphocyte-activating molecule) and PVRL4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4) (nectin-4). Recombinant MeVs expressing either firefly luciferase or green fluorescent protein together with a variety of inhibitors were used. The results showed that MeV uptake was dynamin independent in the Vero.hPVRL4, Vero.hSLAM, and PVRL4-positive MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. However, MeV infection was blocked by 5-(N-ethyl-N-propyl)amiloride (EIPA), the hallmark inhibitor of macropinocytosis, as well as inhibitors of actin polymerization. By using phalloidin staining, MeV entry was shown to induce actin rearrangements and the formation of membrane ruffles accompanied by transient elevated fluid uptake. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) demonstrated that MeV enters both Vero.hPVRL4 and Vero.hSLAM cells in a PAK1-independent manner using a macropinocytosis-like pathway. In contrast, MeV entry into MCF7 human breast cancer cells relied upon Rac1 and its effector PAK1 through a PVRL4-mediated macropinocytosis pathway. MeV entry into DLD-1 colon and HTB-20 breast cancer cells also appeared to use the same pathway. Overall, these findings provide new insight into the life cycle of MeV, which could lead to therapies that block virus entry or methods that improve the uptake of MeV by cancer cells during oncolytic therapy.IMPORTANCE In the past decades, measles virus (MeV) has emerged as a promising oncolytic platform. Previous studies concerning MeV entry focused mainly on the identification of putative receptors for MeV. Nectin-4 (PVRL4) was recently identified as the epithelial cell receptor for MeV. However, the specific endocytic and trafficking pathways utilized during MeV infections are poorly documented. In this study, we demonstrated that MeV enters host cells via a dynamin-independent and actin-dependent endocytic pathway. Moreover, we show that MeV gains entry into MCF7, DLD-1, and HTB-20 cancer cells through a PVRL4-mediated macropinocytosis pathway and identified the typical cellular GTPase and kinase involved. Our findings provide new insight into the life cycle of MeV, which may lead to the development of therapies that block the entry of the virus into the host cell or alternatively promote the uptake of oncolytic MeV into cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Delpeut
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Goldbloom Pavilion, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gary Sisson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Karen M Black
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christopher D Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Goldbloom Pavilion, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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102
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Buchanan PC, Boylan KLM, Walcheck B, Heinze R, Geller MA, Argenta PA, Skubitz APN. Ectodomain shedding of the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 in ovarian cancer is mediated by ADAM10 and ADAM17. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6339-6351. [PMID: 28232483 PMCID: PMC5391762 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tumors, and its cleaved extracellular domain can be detected in the serum of ovarian cancer patients. The ADAM (adisintegrin and metalloproteinase) proteases are involved in ectodomain cleavage of transmembrane proteins, and ADAM17 is known to cleave Nectin-4 in breast cancer. However, the mechanism of Nectin-4 cleavage in ovarian cancer has not yet been determined. Analysis of ovarian cancer gene microarray data showed that higher expression of Nectin-4, ADAM10, and ADAM17 is associated with significantly decreased progression-free survival. We quantified Nectin-4 shedding from the surface of ovarian cancer cells after stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid. We report that ADAM17 and ADAM10 cleave Nectin-4 and release soluble Nectin-4 (sN4). Small molecule inhibitors and siRNA knockdown of both ADAM proteases confirmed these results. In matched samples from 11 high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients, we detected 2-20-fold more sN4 in ascites fluid than serum. Co-incubation of ovarian cancer cells with ascites fluid significantly increased sN4 shedding, which could be blocked using a dual inhibitor of ADAM10 and ADAM17. Furthermore, we detected RNA for Nectin-4, ADAM10, and ADAM17 in primary ovarian carcinoma tumors, secondary omental metastases, and ascites cells isolated from serous ovarian cancer patients. In a signaling pathway screen, lysophosphatidic acid increased phosphorylation of AKT, EGF receptor, ERK1/2, JNK1/2/3, and c-Jun. Understanding the function of Nectin-4 shedding in ovarian cancer progression is critical to facilitate its development as both a serum biomarker and a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce Walcheck
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Rachel Heinze
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Peter A Argenta
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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103
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M-Rabet M, Cabaud O, Josselin E, Finetti P, Castellano R, Farina A, Agavnian-Couquiaud E, Saviane G, Collette Y, Viens P, Gonçalves A, Ginestier C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Birnbaum D, Olive D, Bertucci F, Lopez M. Nectin-4: a new prognostic biomarker for efficient therapeutic targeting of primary and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:769-776. [PMID: 27998973 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with a poor prognosis. In contrast to other molecular subtypes, they have no identified specific target and chemotherapy remains the only available systemic treatment. The adhesion molecule nectin-4 represents a new potential therapeutic target in different cancer models. Here, we have tested the prognostic value of nectin-4 expression and assessed the therapeutic efficiency of an anti-nectin 4 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) on localised and metastatic TNBC in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods We analysed nectin-4/PVRL4 mRNA expression in 5673 invasive breast cancers and searched for correlations with clinicopathological features including metastasis-free survival (MFS). Immunohistochemistry was carried out in 61 TNBCs and in samples of primary TNBC Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDXs). An anti-nectin-4 antibody eligible for ADC was produced and tested in vitro and in vivo in localised and metastatic TNBC PDXs. Results High nectin-4/PVRL4 mRNA expression was associated with poor-prognosis features including the TN and basal subtypes. High PVRL4 mRNA expression showed independent negative prognostic value for MFS in multivariate analysis in TNBCs. Nectin-4 protein expression was not detected in adult healthy tissues including mammary tissue. Membranous protein expression was found in 62% of TNBCs, with strong correlation with mRNA expression. We developed an ADC (N41mab-vcMMAE) comprising a human anti-nectin-4 monoclonal antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE). In vitro, this ADC bound to nectin-4 with high affinity and specificity and induced its internalisation as well as dose-dependent cytotoxicity on nectin-4-expressing breast cancer cell lines. In vivo, this ADC induced rapid, complete and durable responses on nectin-4-positive xenograft TNBC samples including primary tumours, metastatic lesions, and local relapses; efficiency was dependent on both the dose and the nectin-4 tumour expression level. Conclusion Nectin-4 is both a new promising prognostic biomarker and specific therapeutic target for ADC in the very limited armamentarium against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M-Rabet
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - O Cabaud
- Molecular Oncology "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer," Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - E Josselin
- CRCM, INSERM, U1068; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS, UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - P Finetti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM , Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire labellisée 'Ligue contre le cancer' , Marseille , France
| | - R Castellano
- TrGET Platform, Inserm, U1068, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - A Farina
- ICEP Platform, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258
| | - E Agavnian-Couquiaud
- ICEP Platform, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258
| | - G Saviane
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM , Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire labellisée 'Ligue contre le cancer' , Marseille , France
| | - Y Collette
- TrGET Platform, Inserm, U1068, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - P Viens
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - A Gonçalves
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - C Ginestier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM , Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire labellisée 'Ligue contre le cancer' , Marseille , France
| | - E Charafe-Jauffret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM , Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire labellisée 'Ligue contre le cancer' , Marseille , France
| | - D Birnbaum
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM , Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire labellisée 'Ligue contre le cancer' , Marseille , France
| | - D Olive
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - F Bertucci
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM , Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire labellisée 'Ligue contre le cancer' , Marseille , France
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - M Lopez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM , Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire labellisée 'Ligue contre le cancer' , Marseille , France
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Boylan KL, Buchanan PC, Manion RD, Shukla DM, Braumberger K, Bruggemeyer C, Skubitz AP. The expression of Nectin-4 on the surface of ovarian cancer cells alters their ability to adhere, migrate, aggregate, and proliferate. Oncotarget 2017; 8:9717-9738. [PMID: 28038455 PMCID: PMC5354766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 is overexpressed in epithelial cancers, including ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the biological significance of Nectin-4 in the adhesion, aggregation, migration, and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Nectin-4 and its binding partner Nectin-1 were detected in patients' primary tumors, omental metastases, and ascites cells. The human cell lines NIH:OVCAR5 and CAOV3 were genetically modified to alter Nectin-4 expression. Cells that overexpressed Nectin-4 adhered to Nectin-1 in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and adhesion was inhibited by antibodies to Nectin-4 and Nectin-1, as well as synthetic Nectin peptides. In functional assays, CAOV3 cells with Nectin-4 knock-down were unable to form spheroids and migrated more slowly than CAOV3 parental cells expressing Nectin-4. NIH:OVCAR5 parental cells proliferated more rapidly, migrated faster, and formed larger spheroids than either the Nectin-4 knock-down or over-expressing cells. Parental cell lines expressed higher levels of epithelial markers and lower levels of mesenchymal markers compared to Nectin-4 knock-down cells, suggesting a role for Nectin-4 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our results demonstrate that Nectin-4 promotes cell-cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Understanding the biology of Nectin-4 in ovarian cancer progression is critical to facilitate its development as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L.M. Boylan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Petra C. Buchanan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rory D. Manion
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dip M. Shukla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Braumberger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cody Bruggemeyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy P.N. Skubitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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105
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Tang ZM, Ling ZG, Wang CM, Wu YB, Kong JL. Serum tumor-associated autoantibodies as diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182117. [PMID: 28750095 PMCID: PMC5547718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic values of serum single and multiplex tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) in patients with lung cancer (LC). METHODS We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for relevant studies investigating serum TAAbs for the diagnosis of LC. The primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the test. RESULTS The systematic review and meta-analysis included 31 articles with single autoantibody and 39 with multiplex autoantibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the most common detection method. For the diagnosis of patients with all stages and early-stage LC, different single or combinations of TAAbs demonstrated different diagnostic values. Although individual TAAbs showed low diagnostic sensitivity, the combination of multiplex autoantibodies offered relatively high sensitivity. For the meta-analysis of a same panel of autoantibodies in patients at all stages of LC, the pooled results of the panel of 6 TAAbs (p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, Annexin 1 and SOX2) were: sensitivity 38% (95% CI 0.35-0.40), specificity 89% (95% CI 0.86-0.91), diagnostic accuracy 65.9% (range 62.5-81.8%), AUC 0.52 (0.48-0.57), while the summary estimates of 7 TAAbs (p53, CAGE, NY-ESO-1, GBU4-5, SOX2, MAGE A4 and Hu-D) were: sensitivity 47% (95% CI 0.34-0.60), specificity 90% (95% CI 0.89-0.92), diagnostic accuracy 78.4% (range 67.5-88.8%), AUC 0.90 (0.87-0.93). For the meta-analysis of the same panel of autoantibodies in patients at early-stage of LC, the sensitivities of both panels of 7 TAAbs and 6 TAAbs were 40% and 29.7%, while their specificities were 91% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum single or combinations of multiplex autoantibodies can be used as a tool for the diagnosis of LC patients at all stages or early-stage, but the combination of multiplex autoantibodies shows a higher detection capacity; the diagnostic value of the panel of 7 TAAbs is higher than the panel of 6 TAAbs, which may be used as potential biomarkers for the early detection of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ming Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Gui Ling
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZGL); (JLK)
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Shenzhen Guangming New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Bin Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Liang Kong
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (ZGL); (JLK)
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106
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Broodman I, Lindemans J, van Sten J, Bischoff R, Luider T. Serum Protein Markers for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer: A Focus on Autoantibodies. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:3-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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107
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Awano M, Fujiyuki T, Shoji K, Amagai Y, Murakami Y, Furukawa Y, Sato H, Yoneda M, Kai C. Measles virus selectively blind to signaling lymphocyte activity molecule has oncolytic efficacy against nectin-4-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1647-1652. [PMID: 27561180 PMCID: PMC5132336 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most intractable cancers and has a devastating prognosis; over the past three decades the 5-year survival rate has been <10%. Therefore, development of a novel anticancer treatment for pancreatic cancer is a matter of urgency. We previously developed an oncolytic recombinant measles virus (MV), rMV-SLAMblind, that had lost the ability to bind to its principal receptor, signaling lymphocyte activity molecule (SLAM), but which selectively infected and efficiently killed nectin-4-expressing breast and lung cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed the antitumor effect of this virus against pancreatic cancer. Nectin-4 was expressed on the surface of 4/16 tested pancreatic cancer cell lines, which were efficiently infected and killed by rMV-SLAMblind in vitro. The intratumoral inoculation of rMV-SLAMblind suppressed the growth of KLM1 and Capan-2 cells xenografted in SCID mice. The sequence analysis of MV isolated from the tumor revealed that the designed mutation in the H protein of rMV-SLAMblind had been stably maintained for 47 days after the last inoculation. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind is a promising candidate for the novel treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Awano
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Clinical Genome ResearchThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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108
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Measles to the Rescue: A Review of Oncolytic Measles Virus. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100294. [PMID: 27782084 PMCID: PMC5086626 DOI: 10.3390/v8100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapeutic agents are likely to become serious contenders in cancer treatment. The vaccine strain of measles virus is an agent with an impressive range of oncolytic activity in pre-clinical trials with increasing evidence of safety and efficacy in early clinical trials. This paramyxovirus vaccine has a proven safety record and is amenable to careful genetic modification in the laboratory. Overexpression of the measles virus (MV) receptor CD46 in many tumour cells may direct the virus to preferentially enter transformed cells and there is increasing awareness of the importance of nectin-4 and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) in oncolysis. Successful attempts to retarget MV by inserting genes for tumour-specific ligands to antigens such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CD20, CD38, and by engineering the virus to express synthetic microRNA targeting sequences, and "blinding" the virus to the natural viral receptors are exciting measures to increase viral specificity and enhance the oncolytic effect. Sodium iodine symporter (NIS) can also be expressed by MV, which enables in vivo tracking of MV infection. Radiovirotherapy using MV-NIS, chemo-virotherapy to convert prodrugs to their toxic metabolites, and immune-virotherapy including incorporating antibodies against immune checkpoint inhibitors can also increase the oncolytic potential. Anti-viral host immune responses are a recognized barrier to the success of MV, and approaches such as transporting MV to the tumour sites by carrier cells, are showing promise. MV Clinical trials are producing encouraging preliminary results in ovarian cancer, myeloma and cutaneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the outcome of currently open trials in glioblastoma multiforme, mesothelioma and squamous cell carcinoma are eagerly anticipated.
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109
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Lopez M, Ghidouche A, Rochas C, Godelaine D, Carrasco J, Colau D, Hames G, Montero-Julian FA, Coulie PG, Olive D. Identification of a naturally processed HLA-A*02:01-restricted CTL epitope from the human tumor-associated antigen Nectin-4. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1177-88. [PMID: 27514672 PMCID: PMC11029526 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nectin-4 is a tumor antigen present on the surface of breast, ovarian and lung carcinoma cells. It is rarely present in normal adult tissues and is therefore a candidate target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we identified a Nectin-4 antigenic peptide that is naturally presented to T cells by HLA-A2 molecules. We first screened the 502 nonamer peptides of Nectin-4 (510 amino acids) for binding to and off-rate from eight different HLA class I molecules. We then combined biochemical, cellular and algorithmic assays to select 5 Nectin-4 peptides that bound to HLA-A*02:01 molecules. Cytolytic T lymphocytes were obtained from healthy donors, that specifically lyzed HLA-A2(+) cells pulsed with 2 out of the 5 peptides, indicating the presence of anti-Nectin-4 CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the human T cell repertoire. Finally, an HLA-A2-restricted cytolytic T cell clone derived from a breast cancer patient recognized peptide Nectin-4145-153 (VLVPPLPSL) and lyzed HLA-A2(+) Nectin-4(+) breast carcinoma cells. These results indicate that peptide Nectin-4145-153 is naturally processed for recognition by T cells on HLA-A2 molecules. It could be used to monitor antitumor T cell responses or to immunize breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lopez
- Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Oncologie Moléculaire, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Abderrezak Ghidouche
- Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Immunité et Cancer, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 27 bd Lei Roure, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Rochas
- Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Immunité et Cancer, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 27 bd Lei Roure, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Danièle Godelaine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Carrasco
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Didier Colau
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gérald Hames
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Olive
- Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Immunité et Cancer, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 27 bd Lei Roure, 13009, Marseille, France.
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110
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Lin LT, Richardson CD. The Host Cell Receptors for Measles Virus and Their Interaction with the Viral Hemagglutinin (H) Protein. Viruses 2016; 8:v8090250. [PMID: 27657109 PMCID: PMC5035964 DOI: 10.3390/v8090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (H) protein of measles virus (MeV) interacts with a cellular receptor which constitutes the initial stage of infection. Binding of H to this host cell receptor subsequently triggers the F protein to activate fusion between virus and host plasma membranes. The search for MeV receptors began with vaccine/laboratory virus strains and evolved to more relevant receptors used by wild-type MeV. Vaccine or laboratory strains of measles virus have been adapted to grow in common cell lines such as Vero and HeLa cells, and were found to use membrane cofactor protein (CD46) as a receptor. CD46 is a regulator that normally prevents cells from complement-mediated self-destruction, and is found on the surface of all human cells, with the exception of erythrocytes. Mutations in the H protein, which occur during adaptation and allow the virus to use CD46 as a receptor, have been identified. Wild-type isolates of measles virus cannot use the CD46 receptor. However, both vaccine/laboratory and wild-type strains can use an immune cell receptor called signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1; also called CD150) and a recently discovered epithelial receptor known as Nectin-4. SLAMF1 is found on activated B, T, dendritic, and monocyte cells, and is the initial target for infections by measles virus. Nectin-4 is an adherens junction protein found at the basal surfaces of many polarized epithelial cells, including those of the airways. It is also over-expressed on the apical and basal surfaces of many adenocarcinomas, and is a cancer marker for metastasis and tumor survival. Nectin-4 is a secondary exit receptor which allows measles virus to replicate and amplify in the airways, where the virus is expelled from the body in aerosol droplets. The amino acid residues of H protein that are involved in binding to each of the receptors have been identified through X-ray crystallography and site-specific mutagenesis. Recombinant measles “blind” to each of these receptors have been constructed, allowing the virus to selectively infect receptor specific cell lines. Finally, the observations that SLAMF1 is found on lymphomas and that Nectin-4 is expressed on the cell surfaces of many adenocarcinomas highlight the potential of measles virus for oncolytic therapy. Although CD46 is also upregulated on many tumors, it is less useful as a target for cancer therapy, since normal human cells express this protein on their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher D Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
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Cell-to-Cell Contact and Nectin-4 Govern Spread of Measles Virus from Primary Human Myeloid Cells to Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Virol 2016; 90:6808-6817. [PMID: 27194761 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00266-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Measles is a highly contagious, acute viral illness. Immune cells within the airways are likely first targets of infection, and these cells traffic measles virus (MeV) to lymph nodes for amplification and subsequent systemic dissemination. Infected immune cells are thought to return MeV to the airways; however, the mechanisms responsible for virus transfer to pulmonary epithelial cells are poorly understood. To investigate this process, we collected blood from human donors and generated primary myeloid cells, specifically, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and dendritic cells (DCs). MDMs and DCs were infected with MeV and then applied to primary cultures of well-differentiated airway epithelial cells from human donors (HAE). Consistent with previous results obtained with free virus, infected MDMs or DCs were incapable of transferring MeV to HAE when applied to the apical surface. Likewise, infected MDMs or DCs applied to the basolateral surface of HAE grown on small-pore (0.4-μm) support membranes did not transfer virus. In contrast, infected MDMs and DCs applied to the basolateral surface of HAE grown on large-pore (3.0-μm) membranes successfully transferred MeV. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that MDMs and DCs are capable of penetrating large-pore membranes but not small-pore membranes. Further, by using a nectin-4 blocking antibody or recombinant MeV unable to enter cells through nectin-4, we demonstrated formally that transfer from immune cells to HAE occurs in a nectin-4-dependent manner. Thus, both infected MDMs and DCs rely on cell-to-cell contacts and nectin-4 to efficiently deliver MeV to the basolateral surface of HAE. IMPORTANCE Measles virus spreads rapidly and efficiently in human airway epithelial cells. This rapid spread is based on cell-to-cell contact rather than on particle release and reentry. Here we posit that MeV transfer from infected immune cells to epithelial cells also occurs by cell-to-cell contact rather than through cell-free particles. In addition, we sought to determine which immune cells transfer MeV infectivity to the human airway epithelium. Our studies are based on two types of human primary cells: (i) myeloid cells generated from donated blood and (ii) well-differentiated airway epithelial cells derived from donor lungs. We show that different types of myeloid cells, i.e., monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, transfer infection to airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, cell-to-cell contact is an important component of successful MeV transfer. Our studies elucidate a mechanism by which the most contagious human respiratory virus is delivered to the airway epithelium.
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The Contribution of Ig-Superfamily and MARVEL D Tight Junction Proteins to Cancer Pathobiology. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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113
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Wang L, Wu Y, Hao J, Wang Z, Lu W, Wang XA, Zhang F, Cao Y, Liang H, Li H, Ye Y, Ma Q, Zhao S, Shu Y, Bao R, Jiang L, Hu Y, Zhou J, Chen L, Liu Y. A novel PI3K/AKT signaling axis mediates Nectin-4-induced gallbladder cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and tumor growth. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:179-189. [PMID: 26949052 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nectin-4 is a Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule which has diverse functions in cell-cell adhesion via homophilic and heterophilic interactions. Cell-cell adhesive processes are central to cell polarization, differentiation, proliferation, survival and movement. Here we report that Nectin-4 is substantially overexpressed in gallbladder cancer (GBC), the most common biliary tract malignancy with a high risk of local tumor spread and invasion. Further, Nectin-4 high expression in GBC patients was associated with pathologic T stage and lymph node metastasis status, and the expression level of the downstream target Rac1 and poor prognoses were also correlated with Nectin-4. Ectopic expression of Nectin-4 promoted GBC cell growth, motility and tumor growth in a mouse model. The depletion of Nectin-4 inhibited GBC cell proliferation and migration both in cell culture and in mice. Our data suggest that activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in the oncogenic function of Nectin-4 to activate Rac1 in GBC. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT with LY294002 and/or Rac1 with NSC23766 impaired Nectin-4-mediated GBC cell proliferation and motility. We hypothesize that Nectin-4 is critical for GBC progression via PI3K/AKT pathway activation of Rac1. Nectin-4 may be a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target in GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yaoshi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiaqi Hao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haibin Liang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huaifeng Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yijun Shu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Runfa Bao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Preclinical Evaluation of an Anti-Nectin-4 ImmunoPET Reagent in Tumor-Bearing Mice and Biodistribution Studies in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:768-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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115
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Oncolytic Activity of a Recombinant Measles Virus, Blind to Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule, Against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24572. [PMID: 27090874 PMCID: PMC4835780 DOI: 10.1038/srep24572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a distinctive antitumor therapy based on the cancer-cell-specific infectivity and killing activity of viruses, which exert a considerable antitumor effect with only a few treatments. Because colorectal cancer cells often acquire resistance to the molecular-targeted therapies and alternative treatments are called for, in this study, we evaluated the oncolytic activity against colorectal cancer cells of a recombinant measles virus (rMV-SLAMblind), which is blind to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and infects target cells via nectin-4/poliovirus receptor-related 4 protein. We examined 10 cell lines including 8 cell lines that were resistant to epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy. rMV-SLAMblind infected and lysed the nectin-4-positive cell lines dependently on nectin-4 expression, in spite of mutation in EGFR cascade. Tumour progression in xenograft models was also abrogated by the virus, and the infection of cancer cells in vivo by the virus was demonstrated with both flow cytometry and a histological analysis. Therefore, rMV-SLAMblind is considered a novel therapeutic agent for colorectal cancers, including those resistant to molecular-targeted therapies.
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Challita-Eid PM, Satpayev D, Yang P, An Z, Morrison K, Shostak Y, Raitano A, Nadell R, Liu W, Lortie DR, Capo L, Verlinsky A, Leavitt M, Malik F, Aviña H, Guevara CI, Dinh N, Karki S, Anand BS, Pereira DS, Joseph IBJ, Doñate F, Morrison K, Stover DR. Enfortumab Vedotin Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting Nectin-4 Is a Highly Potent Therapeutic Agent in Multiple Preclinical Cancer Models. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3003-13. [PMID: 27013195 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of optimal target antigens on tumor cells is central to the advancement of new antibody-based cancer therapies. We performed suppression subtractive hybridization and identified nectin-4 (PVRL4), a type I transmembrane protein and member of a family of related immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules, as a potential target in epithelial cancers. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of 2,394 patient specimens from bladder, breast, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, head/neck, and esophageal tumors and found that 69% of all specimens stained positive for nectin-4. Moderate to strong staining was especially observed in 60% of bladder and 53% of breast tumor specimens, whereas the expression of nectin-4 in normal tissue was more limited. We generated a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) enfortumab vedotin comprising the human anti-nectin-4 antibody conjugated to the highly potent microtubule-disrupting agent MMAE. Hybridoma (AGS-22M6E) and CHO (ASG-22CE) versions of enfortumab vedotin (also known as ASG-22ME) ADC were able to bind to cell surface-expressed nectin-4 with high affinity and induced cell death in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of mouse xenograft models of human breast, bladder, pancreatic, and lung cancers with enfortumab vedotin significantly inhibited the growth of all four tumor types and resulted in tumor regression of breast and bladder xenografts. Overall, these findings validate nectin-4 as an attractive therapeutic target in multiple solid tumors and support further clinical development, investigation, and application of nectin-4-targeting ADCs. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3003-13. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Yang
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | - Zili An
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Liu
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Dinh
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
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Kitayama M, Mizutani K, Maruoka M, Mandai K, Sakakibara S, Ueda Y, Komori T, Shimono Y, Takai Y. A Novel Nectin-mediated Cell Adhesion Apparatus That Is Implicated in Prolactin Receptor Signaling for Mammary Gland Development. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5817-5831. [PMID: 26757815 PMCID: PMC4786717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.685917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development is induced by the actions of various hormones to form a structure consisting of collecting ducts and milk-secreting alveoli, which comprise two types of epithelial cells known as luminal and basal cells. These cells adhere to each other by cell adhesion apparatuses whose roles in hormone-dependent mammary gland development remain largely unknown. Here we identified a novel cell adhesion apparatus at the boundary between the luminal and basal cells in addition to desmosomes. This apparatus was formed by the trans-interaction between the cell adhesion molecules nectin-4 and nectin-1, which were expressed in the luminal and basal cells, respectively. Nectin-4 of this apparatus further cis-interacted with the prolactin receptor in the luminal cells to enhance the prolactin-induced prolactin receptor signaling for alveolar development with lactogenic differentiation. Thus, a novel nectin-mediated cell adhesion apparatus regulates the prolactin receptor signaling for mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Kitayama
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan and; Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan and; Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Masahiro Maruoka
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan and
| | - Kenji Mandai
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan and; Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Shotaro Sakakibara
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan and
| | - Yuki Ueda
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan and
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan and; Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.
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Development of new therapy for canine mammary cancer with recombinant measles virus. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:15022. [PMID: 27119113 PMCID: PMC4782952 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for cancer. We previously generated a recombinant measles virus (rMV-SLAMblind) that selectively uses a poliovirus receptor-related 4 (PVRL4/Nectin4) receptor, but not signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). We demonstrated that the virus exerts therapeutic effects against human breast cancer cells. Here, we examined the applicability of rMV-SLAMblind to treating canine mammary cancers (CMCs). We found that the susceptibilities of host cells to rMV-SLAMblind were dependent on canine Nectin-4 expression. Nectin-4 was detected in four of nine CMC cell lines. The rMV-SLAMblind efficiently infected those four Nectin-4-positive cell lines and was cytotoxic for three of them (CF33, CHMm, and CTBm). In vivo experiment showed that the administration of rMV-SLAMblind greatly suppressed the progression of tumors in mice xenografted with a CMC cell line (CF33). Immunohistochemistry revealed that canine Nectin-4 was expressed in 45% of canine mammary tumors, and the tumor cells derived from one clinical specimen were efficiently infected with rMV-SLAMblind. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind infects CMC cells and displays antitumor activity in vitro, in xenografts, and ex vivo. Therefore, oncolytic virotherapy with rMV-SLAMblind can be a novel method for treating CMCs.
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Ma J, Sheng Z, Lv Y, Liu W, Yao Q, Pan T, Xu Z, Zhang C, Xu G. Expression and clinical significance of Nectin-4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:183-90. [PMID: 26793002 PMCID: PMC4708195 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nectin-4 is a member of the Nectin family of four Ca(+)-independent immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules and implicated in cell adhesion, movement, proliferation, differentiation, polarization, and survival. The aberrant expression of Nectin-4 has been found in a variety of tumors; however, its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poorly understood. This study was to investigate the expression of Nectin-4 and its clinical significance in the patients with HCC. METHODS The expression of Nectin-4 was assessed at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting assays in 20 HCC specimens and adjacent non-tumor live tissues. Furthermore, the clinical significance of Nectin-4 in 87 cases of HCC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of Nectin-4 were higher in HCC tumor tissues than in the matched non-tumor tissues. Nectin-4 was located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and over-expressed in 67.82% (59/87) HCC tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Positive Nectin-4 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.029), status of metastasis (P=0.023), vascular invasion (P=0.018) and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.003). In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that positive Nectin-4 expression was associated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.006 and P=0.005, respectively). In multivariate analysis, Nectin-4 was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS in the patients with HCC. CONCLUSION Nectin-4 is upregulated in HCC and may be a novel prognostic biomarker for the patients after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiYong Sheng
- Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - WenBin Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - QiYang Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - TingTing Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiJun Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - ChuanHai Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - GeLiang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: preclinical and clinical studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30019-5. [PMID: 26640815 PMCID: PMC4667943 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrate that a broad spectrum of human malignant cells can be killed by oncolytic paramyxoviruses, which include cells of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. In clinical trials, significant reduction in size or even complete elimination of primary tumors and established metastases are reported. Different routes of viral administration (intratumoral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural), and single- versus multiple-dose administration schemes have been explored. The reported side effects are grade 1 and 2, with the most common among them being mild fever. Some advantages in using paramyxoviruses as oncolytic agents versus representatives of other viral families exist. The cytoplasmic replication results in a lack of host genome integration and recombination, which makes paramyxoviruses safer and more attractive candidates for widely used therapeutic oncolysis in comparison with retroviruses or some DNA viruses. The list of oncolytic paramyxovirus representatives includes attenuated measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV), low pathogenic Newcastle disease (NDV), and Sendai (SeV) viruses. Metastatic cancer cells frequently overexpress on their surface some molecules that can serve as receptors for MV, MuV, NDV, and SeV. This promotes specific viral attachment to the malignant cell, which is frequently followed by specific viral replication. The paramyxoviruses are capable of inducing efficient syncytium-mediated lyses of cancer cells and elicit strong immunomodulatory effects that dramatically enforce anticancer immune surveillance. In general, preclinical studies and phase 1–3 clinical trials yield very encouraging results and warrant continued research of oncolytic paramyxoviruses as a particularly valuable addition to the existing panel of cancer-fighting approaches.
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121
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Fujiyuki T, Yoneda M, Amagai Y, Obayashi K, Ikeda F, Shoji K, Murakami Y, Sato H, Kai C. A measles virus selectively blind to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule shows anti-tumor activity against lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:24895-903. [PMID: 26317644 PMCID: PMC4694801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer cells, particularly those of non-small-cell lung cancer, are known to express Nectin-4. We previously generated a recombinant measles virus that uses Nectin-4 as its receptor but cannot bind its original principal receptor, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). This virus (rMV-SLAMblind) infects and kills breast cancer cells in vitro and in a subcutaneous xenograft model. However, it has yet to be determined whether rMV-SLAMblind is effective against other cancer types and in other tumor models that more closely represent disease. In this study, we analyzed the anti-tumor activity of this virus towards lung cancer cells using a modified variant that encodes green fluorescent protein (rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind). We found that rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind efficiently infected nine, human, lung cancer cell lines, and its infection resulted in reduced cell viability of six cell lines. Administration of the virus into subcutaneous tumors of xenotransplanted mice suppressed tumor growth. In addition, rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind could target scattered tumor masses grown in the lungs of xenotransplanted mice. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind is oncolytic for lung cancer and that it represents a promising tool for the treatment of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/virology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/virology
- Measles virus/genetics
- Measles virus/metabolism
- Measles virus/physiology
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Oncolytic Viruses/physiology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kunie Obayashi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fusako Ikeda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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122
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Das D, Satapathy SR, Siddharth S, Nayak A, Kundu CN. NECTIN-4 increased the 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells by inducing the PI3K-AKT cascade. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:471-9. [PMID: 26122960 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 5-Fluorouracil is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of colon cancer, yet clinical resistance to this drug is frequently observed in patients making this drug ineffective. Thus, identification of gene responsible for 5-FU resistance is of utmost importance. METHODS Cellular cytotoxicity and expressions of different protein markers in colon cancer cells were measured by MTT assay and Western blotting, respectively. Cell cycle regulation, migration and colony formation ability were measured by FACS, wound-healing assay and clonogenic assay, respectively. RESULTS Increased NECTIN-4 expression was observed in 5-FU-resistant (5-FU-R) and 5-FU-exposed HCT-116 cells. A significant increase in the cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and resistant to 5-FU were noted in 5-FU-R cells, but reverse was observed after silencing of NECTIN-4. Apoptosis caused by 5-FU in 5-FU-R cells after NECTIN-4 knockdown indicates that NECTIN-4 is responsible for 5-FU resistance. Cell survival proteins were upregulated in 5-FU-R and NECTIN-4-over-expressed cells and downregulated in NECTIN-4 knockdown or LY294002-pretreated 5-FU-R cells. Drug combination of BCNU + Resveratrol decreased the cell survival and NECTIN-4 expressions in 5-FU-R cells and NECTIN-4-over-expressed cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NECTIN-4 is responsible for 5-FU resistance and BCNU + Resveratrol combination can be used to increase the 5-FU sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipon Das
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Orissa, India
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Matveeva OV, Guo ZS, Shabalina SA, Chumakov PM. Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficiency. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2015; 2:15011. [PMID: 26640816 PMCID: PMC4667958 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic paramyxoviruses include some strains of Measles, Mumps, Newcastle disease, and Sendai viruses. All these viruses are well equipped for promoting highly specific and efficient malignant cell death, which can be direct and/or immuno-mediated. A number of proteins that serve as natural receptors for oncolytic paramyxoviruses are frequently overexpressed in malignant cells. Therefore, the preferential interaction of paramyxoviruses with malignant cells rather than with normal cells is promoted. Due to specific genetic defects of cancer cells in the interferon (IFN) and apoptotic pathways, viral replication has the potential to be promoted specifically in tumors. Viral mediation of syncytium formation (a polykaryonic structure) promotes intratumoral paramyxo-virus replication and spreading, without exposure to host neutralizing antibodies. So, two related processes: efficient intratumoral infection spread as well as the consequent mass malignant cell death, both are enhanced. In general, the paramyxoviruses elicit strong anticancer innate and adaptive immune responses by triggering multiple danger signals. The paramyxoviruses are powerful inducers of IFN and other immuno-stimulating cytokines. These viruses efficiently promote anticancer activity of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Moreover, a neuraminidase (sialidase), a component of the viral envelope of Newcastle Disease, Mumps, and Sendai viruses, can cleave sialic acids on the surface of malignant cells thereby unmasking cancer antigens and exposing them to the immune system. These multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic paramyxovi-ruses and are responsible for encouraging results in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Matveeva
- Biopolymer Design LLC, Acton, Massachusetts, USA
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zong S Guo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana A Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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124
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Nishiwada S, Sho M, Yasuda S, Shimada K, Yamato I, Akahori T, Kinoshita S, Nagai M, Konishi N, Nakajima Y. Nectin-4 expression contributes to tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and patient prognosis in human pancreatic cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:30. [PMID: 25888293 PMCID: PMC4387735 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectin-4 belongs to the nectin family that has diverse physiological and pathological functions in humans. Recent studies have also suggested some roles for Nectin-4 in several human cancers. However, the precise roles and clinical relevance of Nectin-4 in tumors are largely unknown. METHODS Nectin-4 expression was investigated in 123 patients with pancreatic cancer by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated the association of Nectin-4 in pancreatic cancer with tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and immunity by using immunohistochemistry and siRNA interference method. RESULTS Patients with high Nectin-4 expression had poorer postoperative prognosis than those with low expression. Importantly, multivariate analysis indicated that Nectin-4 expression had a significant independent prognostic value in pancreatic cancer (HR = 1.721, 1.085-2.730; P = 0.021). Tumor Nectin-4 expression was significantly correlated with Ki67 expression. In addition, siRNA-mediated gene silencing of Nectin-4 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in human pancreatic cancer cells, Capan-2 and BxPC-3. Furthermore, Nectin-4 expression was also positively correlated with VEGF expression and intratumoral microvessel density. However, there were no significant correlations of tumor Nectin-4 expression with tumor-infiltrating T cells. CONCLUSION Nectin-4 is a significant prognostic predictor, and may play a critical role in pancreatic cancer. Nectin-4 may be novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishiwada
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Yamato
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Akahori
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Shoichi Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Minako Nagai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Noboru Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakajima
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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125
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Izumi H, Hirabayashi K, Nakamura N, Nakagohri T. Nectin expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: nectin-3 is associated with a poor prognosis. Surg Today 2015; 45:487-94. [PMID: 25690753 PMCID: PMC4359290 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Nectins are cell adhesion molecules that regulate the formation of adherens junctions and are linked with E-cadherin-based cell–cell adherens junctions. In pancreatic cancer, the expression of E-cadherin and nectins is considered to be related to metastasis, invasion and prognosis. Methods We evaluated the distribution of cells that were positive for nectin subtypes and E-cadherin using immunohistochemistry in specimens of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and correlated these results with the clinicopathological features and patient outcomes. Results The immunohistochemical distribution of nectin-1 and E-cadherin showed a good correlation (r = 0.523, p < 0.01). Tumors over 4 cm in diameter had more intense staining for nectin-4 than smaller tumors (p = 0.035). Nectin-2 expression correlated with a poorer histological grade (p = 0.04). The cases that showed diffuse nectin-3 expression had a better prognosis than those with negative expression (p = 0.018). Conclusion Our results showed that the expression of nectin-3 in pancreatic cancer can be a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Izumi
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193 Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193 Japan
| | - Toshio Nakagohri
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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126
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Mandai K, Rikitake Y, Mori M, Takai Y. Nectins and nectin-like molecules in development and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 112:197-231. [PMID: 25733141 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nectins and nectin-like molecules (Necls)/Cadms are Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, expressed in most cell types. Nectins mediate not only homotypic but also heterotypic cell-cell adhesion, in contrast to classic cadherins which participate only in homophilic adhesion. Nectins and Necls function in organogenesis of the eye, inner ear, tooth, and cerebral cortex and in a variety of developmental processes including spermatogenesis, axon guidance, synapse formation, and myelination. They are also involved in various diseases, such as viral infection, hereditary ectodermal dysplasia, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and cancer. Thus, nectins and Necls are crucial for both physiology and pathology. This review summarizes recent advances in research on these cell adhesion molecules in development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mandai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan; Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan; Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan.
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127
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Samanta D, Almo SC. Nectin family of cell-adhesion molecules: structural and molecular aspects of function and specificity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:645-58. [PMID: 25326769 PMCID: PMC11113404 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesive processes are central to the physiology of multicellular organisms. A number of cell surface molecules contribute to cell-cell adhesion, and the dysfunction of adhesive processes underlies numerous developmental defects and inherited diseases. The nectins, a family of four immunoglobulin superfamily members (nectin-1 to -4), interact through their extracellular domains to support cell-cell adhesion. While both homophilic and heterophilic interactions among the nectins are implicated in cell-cell adhesion, cell-based and biochemical studies suggest heterophilic interactions are stronger than homophilic interactions and control a range of physiological processes. In addition to interactions within the nectin family, heterophilic associations with nectin-like molecules, immune receptors, and viral glycoproteins support a wide range of biological functions, including immune modulation, cancer progression, host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion. We review current structural and molecular knowledge of nectin recognition processes, with a focus on the biochemical and biophysical determinants of affinity and selectivity that drive distinct nectin associations. These proteins and interactions are discussed as potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Samanta
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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128
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Ludlow M, McQuaid S, Milner D, de Swart RL, Duprex WP. Pathological consequences of systemic measles virus infection. J Pathol 2014; 235:253-65. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ludlow
- Department of Microbiology; Boston University School of Medicine; MA USA
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Tissue Pathology Laboratories; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Northern Ireland
| | - Dan Milner
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - W Paul Duprex
- Department of Microbiology; Boston University School of Medicine; MA USA
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129
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Lattanzio R, Ghasemi R, Brancati F, Sorda RL, Tinari N, Perracchio L, Iacobelli S, Mottolese M, Natali PG, Piantelli M. Membranous Nectin-4 expression is a risk factor for distant relapse of T1-T2, N0 luminal-A early breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e118. [PMID: 25178039 PMCID: PMC4183981 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectins are Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules that compose a family of four members that regulate several cellular activities such as movement, proliferation, survival, differentiation, polarization, and the entry of viruses. Nectin-4 has recently emerged as a metastatis-associated protein in several cancers. Here, we have evaluated the association between the expression of Nectin-4 and the clinical outcome of patients with node-negative, T1/T2 breast cancers.The study group consisted of 197 patients presenting with primary unilateral breast carcinoma (T1/T2), with no evidence of nodal involvement and distant metastases. Nectin-4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, and the results correlated with the clinical data using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Thirty-four out of 197 tumors (17.3%) exhibited Nectin-4 expression on cell membrane (m-Nectin-4) and 122 out of the 163m-Nectin-4 negative tumors (74.8%) showed high cytoplasmic expression of Nectin-4 (c-Nectin-4(High)). At Kaplan-Meier analysis, m-Nectin-4 positivity was significantly associated with a lower disease-free survival (DFS) and distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) rate in patients with a luminal-A phenotype (P=0.030 and P=0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that in luminal-A tumors m-Nectin-4 positivity is an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.018) and DRFS (P=0.004), but not for local relapse-free survival (LRFS). On the other hand, c-Nectin-4(High) was significantly associated with higher rates of DFS and LRFS, but not DRFS, in the whole population (P=0.008 and P=0.004, respectively) and in patients with luminal-A tumors (P=0.022 and P=0.018, respectively). In patients with luminal-A tumors, multivariate analysis showed that the prognostic value of c-Nectin-4(Low/Negative) is limited to DFS (P=0.012) and LRFS (P=0.022). We suggest that Nectin-4 represents a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target in luminal-A early stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lattanzio
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Chieti, Italy [3] MediaPharma s.r.l., Chieti, Italy
| | - R Ghasemi
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Chieti, Italy [3] Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - F Brancati
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - R L Sorda
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Chieti, Italy [3] MediaPharma s.r.l., Chieti, Italy
| | - N Tinari
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Chieti, Italy [3] MediaPharma s.r.l., Chieti, Italy
| | - L Perracchio
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Iacobelli
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Chieti, Italy [3] MediaPharma s.r.l., Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - P G Natali
- CINBO Laboratories, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - M Piantelli
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy [2] Center of Excellence for Research on Aging, Chieti, Italy [3] MediaPharma s.r.l., Chieti, Italy
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Nabih ES, Abdel Motaleb FI, Salama FA. The diagnostic efficacy of nectin 4 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Biomarkers 2014; 19:498-504. [PMID: 25019423 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.940503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nectin 4 plays a significant role in cancer cell growth and invasion. OBJECTIVE To explore its diagnostic role in ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Evaluation of nectin 4 expression in ovarian biopsies by real-time PCR and serum nectin 4 and CA-125 by ELISA in 39 ovarian cancer patients, 21 females with benign ovarian neoplasms and 25 control females. RESULTS Nectin 4 expression was significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients and it was significantly correlated to serum nectin 4 and CA-125. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian tissue expression and serum nectin 4 appear to be potential markers in ovarian cancer.
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131
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Lung Cancer Screening Beyond Low-Dose Computed Tomography: The Role of Novel Biomarkers. Lung 2014; 192:639-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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132
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Patel MR, Jacobson BA, Belgum H, Raza A, Sadiq A, Drees J, Wang H, Jay-Dixon J, Etchison R, Federspiel MJ, Russell SJ, Kratzke RA. Measles vaccine strains for virotherapy of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9:1101-10. [PMID: 25157763 PMCID: PMC4145613 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising therapy for numerous tumor types. Edmonston-strain measles virus (MV) has been tested in clinical trials for ovarian cancer, glioma, and myeloma. Therefore, the antitumor activity of MV against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was assessed. METHODS Human NSCLC cells and immortalized lung epithelial cell lines, Beas2B, were infected with either MV-producing green fluorescent protein or MV-producing carcinoembryonic antigen. Cells were assessed for viability, induction of apoptosis by caspase and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, and for viral transgene production. The dependency of MV entry on CD46 and nectin-4 were determined using blocking antibodies. The role of host translational activity on viral replication was assessed by overexpression of eIF4E and translation inhibition. Antitumor activity was assessed by measuring treated NSCLC xenografts from flanks of nude mice. RESULTS MV infection of NSCLC cells results in potent cell killing in most of the cell lines compared with immortalized Beas2B cells and induces apoptosis. MV infection was prevented by blocking of CD46, however independent of nectin-4 blockade. Tumor weights are diminished after intratumoral injections of MV-producing carcinoembryonic antigen in one of two cell lines and result in detectable viral transgene in serum of mice. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that MV is oncolytic for human NSCLC and this was independent of nectin-4 expression. Dysregulated protein translational machinery may play a role in determining tumor tropism in NSCLC. MV combined with gemcitabine could be explored further as chemovirotherapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish R Patel
- *Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and †Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Medical Center, Rochester, MN
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Fortugno P, Josselin E, Tsiakas K, Agolini E, Cestra G, Teson M, Santer R, Castiglia D, Novelli G, Dallapiccola B, Kurth I, Lopez M, Zambruno G, Brancati F. Nectin-4 mutations causing ectodermal dysplasia with syndactyly perturb the rac1 pathway and the kinetics of adherens junction formation. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2146-2153. [PMID: 24577405 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Defective nectin-1 and -4 have been implicated in ectodermal dysplasia (ED) syndromes with variably associated features including orofacial and limb defects. In particular, nectin-1 mutations cause cleft lip/palate ED (CLPED1; OMIM#225060), whereas defective nectin-4 is associated with ED-syndactyly syndrome (EDSS1; OMIM#613573). Although the broad phenotypic overlap suggests a common mode of action of nectin-1 and -4, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms involved. We report the identification of, to our knowledge, a previously undescribed nectin-4 homozygous p.Val242Met missense mutation in a patient with EDSS1. We used patient skin biopsy and primary keratinocytes, as well as nectin-4 ectopic expression in epithelial cell lines, to characterize functional consequences of p.Val242Met and p.Thr185Met mutations, the latter previously identified in compound heterozygosity with a truncating mutation. We show that nectin-4-altered expression perturbs nectin-1 clustering at keratinocyte contact sites and delays, but does not impede cell-cell aggregation and cadherin recruitment at adherens junctions (AJs). Moreover, trans-interaction of nectin-1 and -4 induces the activation of Rac1, a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, and regulates E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. These data outline a synergistic action of nectin-1 and -4 in the early steps of AJ formation and implicate this interaction in modulating the Rac1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fortugno
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Josselin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Inserm-U1068 (Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire), CNRS-UMR7258, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emanuele Agolini
- Mendel Laboratory, Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cestra
- IBPM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Genetics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Lopez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Inserm-U1068 (Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire), CNRS-UMR7258, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Viral oncolysis - can insights from measles be transferred to canine distemper virus? Viruses 2014; 6:2340-75. [PMID: 24921409 PMCID: PMC4074931 DOI: 10.3390/v6062340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic diseases represent one of the most common causes of death among humans and animals. Currently available and applied therapeutic options often remain insufficient and unsatisfactory, therefore new and innovative strategies and approaches are highly needed. Periodically, oncolytic viruses have been in the center of interest since the first anecdotal description of their potential usefulness as an anti-tumor treatment concept. Though first reports referred to an incidental measles virus infection causing tumor regression in a patient suffering from lymphoma several decades ago, no final treatment concept has been developed since then. However, numerous viruses, such as herpes-, adeno- and paramyxoviruses, have been investigated, characterized, and modified with the aim to generate a new anti-cancer treatment option. Among the different viruses, measles virus still represents a highly interesting candidate for such an approach. Numerous different tumors of humans including malignant lymphoma, lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, and ovarian cancer, have been studied in vitro and in vivo as potential targets. Moreover, several concepts using different virus preparations are now in clinical trials in humans and may proceed to a new treatment option. Surprisingly, only few studies have investigated viral oncolysis in veterinary medicine. The close relationship between measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), both are morbilliviruses, and the fact that numerous tumors in dogs exhibit similarities to their human counterpart, indicates that both the virus and species dog represent a highly interesting translational model for future research in viral oncolysis. Several recent studies support such an assumption. It is therefore the aim of the present communication to outline the mechanisms of morbillivirus-mediated oncolysis and to stimulate further research in this potentially expanding field of viral oncolysis in a highly suitable translational animal model for the benefit of humans and dogs.
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135
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Delpeut S, Noyce RS, Richardson CD. The tumor-associated marker, PVRL4 (nectin-4), is the epithelial receptor for morbilliviruses. Viruses 2014; 6:2268-86. [PMID: 24892636 PMCID: PMC4074928 DOI: 10.3390/v6062268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PVRL4 (nectin-4) was recently identified as the epithelial receptor for members of the Morbillivirus genus, including measles virus, canine distemper virus and peste des petits ruminants virus. Here, we describe the role of PVRL4 in morbillivirus pathogenesis and its promising use in cancer therapies. This discovery establishes a new paradigm for the spread of virus from lymphocytes to airway epithelial cells and its subsequent release into the environment. Measles virus vaccine strains have emerged as a promising oncolytic platform for cancer therapy in the last ten years. Given that PVRL4 is a well-known tumor-associated marker for several adenocarcinoma (lung, breast and ovary), the measles virus could potentially be used to specifically target, infect and destroy cancers expressing PVRL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Delpeut
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 1X5 NS, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Noyce
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 1X5 NS, Canada.
| | - Christopher D Richardson
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 1X5 NS, Canada.
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Faster replication and higher expression levels of viral glycoproteins give the vesicular stomatitis virus/measles virus hybrid VSV-FH a growth advantage over measles virus. J Virol 2014; 88:8332-9. [PMID: 24829351 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03823-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED VSV-FH is a hybrid vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) with a deletion of its G glycoprotein and encoding the measles virus (MV) fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) envelope glycoproteins. VSV-FH infects cells expressing MV receptors and is fusogenic and effective against myeloma xenografts in mice. We evaluated the fusogenic activities of MV and VSV-FH in relationship to the density of receptor on the target cell surface and the kinetics of F and H expression in infected cells. Using a panel of cells expressing increasing numbers of the MV receptor CD46, we evaluated syncytium size in MV- or VSV-FH-infected cells. VSV-FH is not fusogenic at low CD46 density but requires less CD46 for syncytium formation than MV. The size of each syncytium is larger in VSV-FH-infected cells at a specific CD46 density. While syncytium size reached a plateau and did not increase further in MV-infected CHO cells expressing ≥4,620 CD46 copies/cell, there was a corresponding increase in syncytium size with increases in CD46 levels in VSV-FH-infected CD46-expressing CHO (CHO-CD46) cells. Further analysis in VSV-FH-infected cell lines shows earlier and higher expression of F and H mRNAs and protein. However, VSV-FH cytotoxic activity was reduced by pretreatment of the cells with type I interferon. In contrast, the cytopathic effects are not affected in MV-infected cells. In summary, VSV-FH has significant advantages over MV as an oncolytic virus due to its higher viral yield, faster replication kinetics, and larger fusogenic capabilities but should be used in cancer types with defective interferon signaling pathways. IMPORTANCE We studied the cytotoxic activity of a vesicular stomatitis/measles hybrid virus (VSV-FH), which is superior to that of measles virus (MV), in different cancer cell lines. We determined that viral RNA and protein were produced faster and in higher quantities in VSV-FH-infected cells. This resulted in the formation of larger syncytia, higher production of infectious particles, and a more potent cytopathic effect in permissive cells. Importantly, VSV-FH, similar to MV, can discriminate between low- and high-expressing CD46 cells, a phenotype important for cancer therapy as the virus will be able to preferentially infect cancer cells that overexpress CD46 over low-CD46-expressing normal cells.
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137
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Fujitomo T, Daigo Y, Matsuda K, Ueda K, Nakamura Y. Identification of a nuclear protein, LRRC42, involved in lung carcinogenesis. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:147-56. [PMID: 24806090 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the gene expression profiles of 120 lung cancer cases using a cDNA microarray containing 27,648 genes or expressed sequence tags (ESTs), we identified LRRC42 (Leucine-rich repeat containing 42) to be significantly upregulated in the majority of lung cancers. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that LRRC42 was expressed only in testis among normal tissues examined. Knockdown of LRRC42 expression by siRNA against LRRC42 significantly suppressed the growth of lung cancer cells. On the other hand, stable induction of LRRC42 expression significantly promoted cell growth. LRRC42, which was found to localize in the nucleus of mammalian cells, is likely to interact with and stabilize GATAD2B (GATA zinc finger domain-containing 2B) and MBD3 (Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3) proteins that could contribute to lung cancer cell proliferation partly through the regulation of p21Waf1/Cip1. Our findings suggest that LRRC42 overexpression as well as its interaction with LRRC42-GATAD2B might play essential roles in lung carcinogenesis, and be a promising molecular target for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujitomo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Laboratory for Biomarker Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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138
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Hassanein M, Carbone DP. Serum Proteomic Biomarkers. Lung Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118468791.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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139
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Antibody neutralization of retargeted measles viruses. Virology 2014; 454-455:237-46. [PMID: 24725950 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The measles virus (MV) vaccine lineage is a promising oncolytic but prior exposure to the measles vaccine or wild-type MV strains limits treatment utility due to the presence of anti-measles antibodies. MV entry can be redirected by displaying a polypeptide ligand on the Hemagglutinin (H) C-terminus. We hypothesized that retargeted MV would escape neutralization by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing the H receptor-binding surface and be less susceptible to neutralization by human antisera. Using chimeric H proteins, with and without mutations that ablate MV receptor binding, we show that retargeted MVs escape mAbs that target the H receptor-binding surface by virtue of mutations that ablate infection via SLAM and CD46. However, C-terminally displayed domains do not mediate virus entry in the presence of human antibodies that bind to the underlying H domain. In conclusion, utility of retargeted oncolytic measles viruses does not extend to evasion of human serum neutralization.
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140
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Riester M, Werner L, Bellmunt J, Selvarajah S, Guancial EA, Weir BA, Stack EC, Park RS, O'Brien R, Schutz FAB, Choueiri TK, Signoretti S, Lloreta J, Marchionni L, Gallardo E, Rojo F, Garcia DI, Chekaluk Y, Kwiatkowski DJ, Bochner BH, Hahn WC, Ligon AH, Barletta JA, Loda M, Berman DM, Kantoff PW, Michor F, Rosenberg JE. Integrative analysis of 1q23.3 copy-number gain in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:1873-83. [PMID: 24486590 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is associated with multiple somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs). We evaluated SCNAs to identify predictors of poor survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We obtained overall survival (OS) and array DNA copy-number data from patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma in two cohorts. Associations between recurrent SCNAs and OS were determined by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for performance status and visceral disease. mRNA expression was evaluated for potential candidate genes by NanoString nCounter to identify transcripts from the region that are associated with copy-number gain. In addition, expression data from an independent cohort were used to identify candidate genes. RESULTS Multiple areas of recurrent significant gains and losses were identified. Gain of 1q23.3 was independently associated with a shortened OS in both cohorts [adjusted HR, 2.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-6.48; P = 0.01 and adjusted HR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.43-17.73; P < 0.001]. The F11R, PFDN2, PPOX, USP21, and DEDD genes, all located on 1q23.3, were closely associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS 1q23.3 copy-number gain displayed association with poor survival in two cohorts of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The identification of the target of this copy-number gain is ongoing, and exploration of this finding in other disease states may be useful for the early identification of patients with poor-risk urothelial carcinoma. Prospective validation of the survival association is necessary to demonstrate clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Riester
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, and Medical Oncology; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health; Department of Pathology; Translational Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona; and Hospital Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain
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141
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Ilkow CS, Swift SL, Bell JC, Diallo JS. From scourge to cure: tumour-selective viral pathogenesis as a new strategy against cancer. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003836. [PMID: 24453963 PMCID: PMC3894191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour mutations corrupt cellular pathways, and accumulate to disrupt, dysregulate, and ultimately avoid mechanisms of cellular control. Yet the very changes that tumour cells undergo to secure their own growth success also render them susceptible to viral infection. Enhanced availability of surface receptors, disruption of antiviral sensing, elevated metabolic activity, disengagement of cell cycle controls, hyperactivation of mitogenic pathways, and apoptotic avoidance all render the malignant cell environment highly supportive to viral replication. The therapeutic use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with a natural tropism for infecting and subsequently lysing tumour cells is a rapidly progressing area of cancer research. While many OVs exhibit an inherent degree of tropism for transformed cells, this can be further promoted through pharmacological interventions and/or the introduction of viral mutations that generate recombinant oncolytic viruses adapted to successfully replicate only in a malignant cellular environment. Such adaptations that augment OV tumour selectivity are already improving the therapeutic outlook for cancer, and there remains tremendous untapped potential for further innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John C. Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Early-stage clinical trials of oncolytic virotherapy have reported the safety of several virus platforms, and viruses from three families have progressed to advanced efficacy trials. In addition, preclinical studies have established proof-of-principle for many new genetic engineering strategies. Thus, the virotherapy field now has available a diverse collection of viruses that are equipped to address unmet clinical needs owing to improved systemic administration, greater tumour specificity and enhanced oncolytic efficacy. The current key challenge for the field is to develop viruses that replicate with greater efficiency within tumours while achieving therapeutic synergy with currently available treatments.
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143
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Kobayashi Y, Takano A, Miyagi Y, Tsuchiya E, Sonoda H, Shimizu T, Okabe H, Tani T, Fujiyama Y, Daigo Y. Cell division cycle-associated protein 1 overexpression is essential for the malignant potential of colorectal cancers. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:69-77. [PMID: 24247253 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancers (CRCs), we performed immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarrays covering archival tumor tissue samples from 434 CRC patients and antibodies to cell division cycle-associated protein 1 (CDCA1) that was originally identified as an oncoantigen by our gene expression profile database, and compared its expression with several clinicopathological factors. Strong CDCA1 positivity was associated with poorer prognosis for patients with CRC (P=0.019) and multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value. In addition, transfection of siRNAs against CDCA1 suppressed its expression and induced apoptosis of CRC cells. These results suggest that CDCA1 could be a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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144
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Measles virus entry through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule governs efficacy of mantle cell lymphoma radiovirotherapy. Mol Ther 2013; 21:2019-31. [PMID: 23913184 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed here a vaccine-identical measles virus (MV) as an oncolytic agent against mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is difficult to cure but radiosensitive. We armed the virus with the sodium-iodide symporter, which concentrates iodide within infected cells enabling noninvasive imaging and combination radiovirotherapy. Through high-resolution in vivo and ex vivo imaging, we visualized the spread of infections in primary and metastatic tumors for over 2 weeks after therapy, documenting homogeneous virus seeding and spread restricted to perfused tissue. Infection of metastases was more rapid and intense than primary tumors, achieving isotope uptake within about threefold the efficiency of the thyroid. Virotherapy combined with systemic (131)I resulted in more rapid disease regression than either therapy alone. In addition to ubiquitous CD46, vaccine MV retains cell entry through its immune cell-specific receptor signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM). We asked whether both receptors could sustain effective oncolysis of MCL. Strikingly, only SLAM-dependent entry sustained efficient viral spread, tumor regression, and prolonged survival. These observations shift the focus of future clinical trials to SLAM-expressing hematologic malignancies and suggest that oncolytic vectors may depend on tissue-specific receptors for both cell entry and activation of responses assisting their replication.
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145
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Hensing TA, Salgia R. Molecular biomarkers for future screening of lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:327-33. [PMID: 23893423 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Landmark National Lung Screening Trial established the potential for low dose CT screening (LDCT) to reduce lung cancer-specific mortality in high-risk patients as defined by smoking history and age. However, the prevalence of lung cancer in asymptomatic smokers selected based on the NLST criteria is low. Recent advances have facilitated biomarker discovery for early diagnosis of lung cancer through the analysis of surrogate tissues, including airway epithelium, sputum, exhaled breath, and blood. Although a number of candidate diagnostic biomarkers have been described, none have been validated for use in the clinical setting. The NLST ACRIN biomarker repository is a valuable resource of annotated biological specimens that were collected during the NLST trial, which has the potential to facilitate validation of candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis identified in discovery trials. It will be important to perform retrospective and prospective analysis of biomarkers to screen for lung cancer. The review below summarizes some of our understanding of biomarkers in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Hensing
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker, Chicago, Illinois
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Oshita H, Nishino R, Takano A, Fujitomo T, Aragaki M, Kato T, Akiyama H, Tsuchiya E, Kohno N, Nakamura Y, Daigo Y. RASEF is a novel diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:937-51. [PMID: 23686708 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0685-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genome-wide gene expression profiling revealed that the Ras and EF-hand domain containing (RASEF) transcript was significantly transactivated in the majority of lung cancers. Using lung cancer cells, transient expression of RASEF promoted cell growth, whereas RASEF knockdown not only reduced its expression but resulted in growth suppression of the cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining using tumor tissue microarrays consisting of 341 archived non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) revealed the association of strong RASEF positivity with poor prognosis (P = 0.0034 by multivariate analysis). Mechanistically, RASEF interacted with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and enhanced ERK1/2 signaling. Importantly, inhibiting the interaction between RASEF and ERK1/2 using a cell-permeable peptide that corresponded to the ERK1/2-interacting site of RASEF, suppressed growth of lung cancer cells. This study demonstrates that elevated RASEF promoted cell growth via enhanced ERK signaling and is associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC. IMPLICATIONS RASEF may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis and could serve as a vaiable prognostic biomarker and target for the development of new molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Oshita
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, USA
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147
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Daigo Y, Takano A, Teramoto K, Chung S, Nakamura Y. A systematic approach to the development of novel therapeutics for lung cancer using genomic analyses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:218-23. [PMID: 23657161 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly targeted drugs for cancer therapy represent a therapeutic advance, but the proportion of patients who receive clinical benefit is still very limited. We present here the rationale and initial results of our program to define molecules involved in lung carcinogenesis with the goal of identifying new therapeutic targets and/or predictive biomarkers for drug response. We have used gene expression analysis of 120 lung cancers followed by RNA interference, tumor-tissue microarray analysis, and functional analyses to systematically distinguish potential target molecules specifically expressed in cancer cells. Through this approach, we have identified oncoproteins that provide the starting point for the development of therapeutic antibodies, dominant negative peptides, small-molecule inhibitors, and therapeutic cancer vaccines. We believe that the approach we describe should result in new molecularly targeted therapies with minimal risk of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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148
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Pavlova NN, Pallasch C, Elia AEH, Braun CJ, Westbrook TF, Hemann M, Elledge SJ. A role for PVRL4-driven cell-cell interactions in tumorigenesis. eLife 2013; 2:e00358. [PMID: 23682311 PMCID: PMC3641523 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During all stages of tumor progression, cancer cells are subjected to inappropriate extracellular matrix environments and must undergo adaptive changes in order to evade growth constraints associated with the loss of matrix attachment. A gain of function screen for genes that enable proliferation independently of matrix anchorage identified a cell adhesion molecule PVRL4 (poliovirus-receptor-like 4), also known as Nectin-4. PVRL4 promotes anchorage-independence by driving cell-to-cell attachment and matrix-independent integrin β4/SHP-2/c-Src activation. Solid tumors frequently have copy number gains of the PVRL4 locus and some have focal amplifications. We demonstrate that the transformation of breast cancer cells is dependent on PVRL4. Furthermore, growth of orthotopically implanted tumors in vivo is inhibited by blocking PVRL4-driven cell-to-cell attachment with monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating a novel strategy for targeted therapy of cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00358.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Pavlova
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christian Pallasch
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew EH Elia
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christian J Braun
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Michael Hemann
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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149
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Oncolytic virus therapy for cancer: the first wave of translational clinical trials. Transl Res 2013; 161:355-64. [PMID: 23313629 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of oncolytic virus therapy, the use of live, replicating viruses for the treatment of cancer, has expanded rapidly over the past decade. Preclinical models have clearly demonstrated anticancer activity against a number of different cancer types. Several agents have entered clinical trials and promising results have led to late stage clinical development for some viruses. The early clinical trials have demonstrated that oncolytic viruses by themselves have potential to result in tumor regression. Engineering of viruses to express novel genes have also led to the use of these vectors as a novel form of gene therapy. As a result, interest in oncolytic virus therapy has gained traction. The following review will focus on the first wave of clinical translation of oncolytic virus therapy, what has been learned so far, and potential challenges ahead for advancing the field.
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150
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Antitumor Virotherapy by Attenuated Measles Virus (MV). BIOLOGY 2013; 2:587-602. [PMID: 24832799 PMCID: PMC3960896 DOI: 10.3390/biology2020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor virotherapy consists of the use of replication-competent viruses to infect and kill tumor cells preferentially, without damaging healthy cells. Vaccine-attenuated strains of measles virus (MV) are good candidates for this approach. Attenuated MV uses the CD46 molecule as a major entry receptor into cells. This molecule negatively regulates the complement system and is frequently overexpressed by cancer cells to escape lysis by the complement system. MV exhibits oncolytic properties in many cancer types in vitro, and in mouse models. Phase I clinical trials using MV are currently underway. Here, we review the state of this therapeutic approach, with a focus on the effects of MV on the antitumor immune response.
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