101
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Rodríguez I, González M. Physiological mechanisms of vascular response induced by shear stress and effect of exercise in systemic and placental circulation. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:209. [PMID: 25278895 PMCID: PMC4165280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological vascular function regulation is essential for cardiovascular health and depends on adequate control of molecular mechanisms triggered by endothelial cells in response to mechanical and chemical stimuli induced by blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular pathology, where the imbalance between the synthesis of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor molecules is common in the development of vascular disorders in systemic and placental circulation. In the placenta, an organ without autonomic innervations, the local control of vascular tone is critical for maintenance of fetal growth and mechanisms that underlie shear stress response induced by blood flow are essential during pregnancy. In this field, shear stress induced by moderate exercise is one of the most important mechanisms to improve vascular function through nitric oxide synthesis and stimulation of mechanical response of endothelial cells triggered by ion channels, caveolae, endothelial NO synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, among others. The demand for oxygen and nutrients by tissues and organs, especially in placentation and pregnancy, determines blood flow parameters, and physiological adaptations of vascular beds for covering metabolic requirements. In this regard, moderate exercise versus sedentarism shows potential benefits for improving vascular function associated with the enhancement of molecular mechanisms induced by shear stress. In this review, we collect evidence about molecular bases of physiological response to shear stress in order to highlight the relevance of moderate exercise-training for vascular health in adult and fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad San Sebastián Concepción, Chile ; PhD Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile ; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health Chillán, Chile
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102
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Dias PM, Changarath J, Damodaran A, Joshi MK. Compositional variation among black tea across geographies and their potential influence on endothelial nitric oxide and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6655-6668. [PMID: 24990074 DOI: 10.1021/jf501611w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Black tea (C. sinensis) consumption is well associated with enhanced endothelial function (EF) and reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk. This clinical end benefit is endorsed to flavonoids in tea. The black tea flavonoid composition varies across geographies and may impact its health benefits. Moreover, the underlying functional species and a precise working mechanism responsible for the observed health benefit also remain to be investigated. In this Article, we investigated the effect of black teas from various geographies (WoBTs) on different working mechanisms (antioxidant potential and endothelial function) proposed to influence certain risk factors of CVH, in vitro. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the antioxidant benefits are fairly influenced by majority of tea actives such as catechins, theaflavins, thearubigins, and phenolic acids, while NO potentiating effects are mainly regulated by catechins in black tea. The data also suggest that the net vascular function benefit of black tea is majorly influenced by NO enhancement, while mildly contributed by its antioxidant benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mark Dias
- Unilever R&D , Bangalore, #64, Main Road Whitefield, Bangalore-560066, India
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103
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Park YM. CD36, a scavenger receptor implicated in atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e99. [PMID: 24903227 PMCID: PMC4081553 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a membrane glycoprotein that is present on various types of cells, including monocytes, macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, adipocytes and platelets. Macrophage CD36 participates in atherosclerotic arterial lesion formation through its interaction with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which triggers signaling cascades for inflammatory responses. CD36 functions in oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation, which is the initial critical stage of atherosclerosis. In addition, oxLDL via CD36 inhibits macrophage migration, which may be a macrophage-trapping mechanism in atherosclerotic lesions. The role of CD36 was examined in in vitro studies and in vivo experiments, which investigated various functions of CD36 in atherosclerosis and revealed that CD36 deficiency reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation. Platelet CD36 also promotes atherosclerotic inflammatory processes and is involved in thrombus formation after atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Because CD36 is an essential component of atherosclerosis, defining the function of CD36 and its corresponding signaling pathway may lead to a new treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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104
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Ishibashi T. Molecular hydrogen: new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:6375-81. [PMID: 23859555 PMCID: PMC3788323 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the progressive destruction of joint causes morbidity. It is also associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, which can result in cardiovascular disease and mortality. The therapeutic goal is to control the systemic inflammation to obtain not only the remission of symptoms, but also improve general state of health. Although recent biologic immunosuppressive therapies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines have spawned a paradigm shift regarding the prognosis of RA, these therapies possess inherent side effects. Also, early diagnosis of the disease remains confounded by uncertainty. While the mechanisms responsible for the onset of RA remain unclear, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RA. ROS play a central role both upstream and downstream of NF-κB and TNFα pathways, which are located at the center of the inflammatory response. Among the ROS, the hydroxyl radical is the most harmful, and molecular hydrogen (H2) is a selective scavenger for this species. Recently, it has been shown that H2 is useful when administered along with the conventional therapy in RA as it acts to reduce oxidative stress in the patients. Especially in the early stage, H2 showed significant therapeutic potential, which also seemed to assist diagnosis and treatment decisions of RA. The possible expectations regarding the potential benefits of H2 by reducing the oxidative stress, resulting from inflammatory factors, are raised and discussed here. They include prevention of RA and related atherosclerosis, as well as therapeutic validity for RA
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ishibashi
- Haradoi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, 6-40-8 Aoba, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan.
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105
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Hydrogen gas presents a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:807635. [PMID: 24829918 PMCID: PMC4009185 DOI: 10.1155/2014/807635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a severe inflammatory response to infection. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients despite developments in monitoring devices, diagnostic tools, and new therapeutic options. Recently, some studies have found that molecular hydrogen is a new therapeutic gas. Our studies have found that hydrogen gas can improve the survival and organ damage in mice and rats with cecal ligation and puncture, zymosan, and lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. The mechanisms are associated with the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, which might be through NF- κ B and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In this paper, we summarized the progress of hydrogen treatment in sepsis.
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106
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Zhang E, Wu Y. Dual effects of miR-155 on macrophages at different stages of atherosclerosis: LDL is the key? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:74-8. [PMID: 24767942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, maladaptive, nonresolving inflammatory response which underlies the leading cause of death in the world today. During the process, macrophages play a central role in both the initiation and development stages of disease pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate almost all biological processes. MiR-155 is multi-target molecule specifically expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and pro-inflammatory macrophages. However, the effects of miR-155 on atherogenesis have been controversial. Several lines of evidence collectively indicated that, both as inducers and carriers of miR-155, LDL and its oxidized derivatives could modulate miR-155-mediated inflammatory and apoptotic responses in lesional macrophages at different stages of atherosclerosis. During early lesion formation, both native and mildly-oxidized LDL facilitated endogenous miR-155-mediated macrophage activation and recruitment. In the meantime, they may also increase the accumulation of exogenous LDL-bound miR-155, along with lipid intake and foam cell formation. During advanced stages, the levels of exogenous miR-155 and extensively-oxidized LDL could gradually increase and become highly enough to synergistically induce macrophage apoptosis and atheroma formation. Taken together, we hypothesized that native LDL and oxidized LDL played a key role in modulating the effects of miR-155 on macrophages at different stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing 100037, China.
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Pastori D, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P. Is there a clinical role for oxidative stress biomarkers in atherosclerotic diseases? Intern Emerg Med 2014; 9:123-31. [PMID: 24057419 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-013-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that reactive oxidant species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of the atherosclerotic diseases. Markers assessing the oxidation of LDL and formation of eicosanoids, such as isoprostanes, were among the first that were analyzed. More recently, new biomarkers, such as endogenous secretory receptor for AGEs have been suggested to play an oxidative role in specific atherosclerotic settings, such as diabetes. Unfortunately, clinical trials included cross-sectional as well as retrospective and prospective studies which provide inconclusive results. Thus, clear evidence that oxidative biomarkers can improve risk stratification in addition to the common used atherosclerotic risk factors is still lacking. The analysis of oxidative stress focused on enzymatic systems generating ROS. The most studied enzymes were NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Experimental and clinical studies suggest that both enzymes may be implicated in promoting atherosclerotic disease. Novel laboratory methodologies have been, therefore, developed to study NADPH oxidase and MPO in patients with stable atherosclerosis as well in patients with acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular accident. This review will report on the more relevant studies in which the clinical application of the oxidative biomarkers was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, I Clinica Medica, Centro di Aterotrombosi, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Park MY, Jeong YJ, Kang GC, Kim MH, Kim SH, Chung HJ, Jung JY, Kim WJ. Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of human dental pulp cells is mediated by the mitochondria-dependent pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:25-32. [PMID: 24634593 PMCID: PMC3951820 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a mediator and regulator of inflammatory responses. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and NOS is abundantly expressed in the human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). NO produced by NOS can be cytotoxic at higher concentrations to HDPCs. However, the mechanism by which this cytotoxic pathway is activated in cells exposed to NO is not known. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the NO-induced cytotoxic mechanism in HDPCs. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, reduced the viability of HDPCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We investigated the in vitro effects of nitric oxide on apoptosis of cultured HDPCs. Cells showed typical apoptotic morphology after exposure to SNP. Besides, the number of Annexin V positive cells was increased among the SNP-treated HDPCs. SNP enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorated the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. However, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) did not inhibited the decrement of cell viability induced by SNP. SNP increased cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression levels. Moreover, SNP-treated HDPCs elevated activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. While pretreatment with inhibitors of caspase (z-VAD-fmk, z-DEVD-fmk) reversed the NO-induced apoptosis of HDPCs. From these results, it can be suggested that NO induces apoptosis of HDPCs through the mitochondria-dependent pathway mediated by ROS and Bcl-2 family, but not by the cyclic GMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Park
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jeong
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Gi Chang Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Sun Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Chung
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Won Jae Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Kaur R, Kaur J, Mahajan J, Kumar R, Arora S. Oxidative stress--implications, source and its prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1599-1613. [PMID: 24170504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been a major predicament of present day living. It has been the product of imbalance between the processes involved in free radical generation and their neutralization by enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence mechanisms. The oxidative stress has been contributed by numerous factors including heavy metals, organic compound-rich industrial effluents, air pollutants and changing lifestyle pattern focussing mainly on alcohol consumption, dietary habits, sun exposure, nuclear emissions, etc. The most common outcome of oxidative stress is the increased damage of lipid, DNA and proteins that resulted in the development of different pathologies. Among these pathologies, cancer is the most devastating and linked to multiple mutations arising due to oxidative DNA and protein damage that ultimately affect the integrity of the genome. The chemopreventive agents particularly nutraceuticals are found to be effective in reducing cancer incidences as these components have immense antioxidative, antimutagenic and antiproliferative potentials and are an important part of our dietary components. These secondary metabolites, due to their unique chemical structure, facilitate cell-to-cell communication, repair DNA damage by the downregulation of transcription factors and inhibit the activity of protein kinases and cytochrome P450-dependent mixed function oxidases. These phytochemicals, therefore, are most appropriate in combating oxidative stress-related disorders due to their tendency to exert better protective effect without having any distinct side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Kaur
- Department of Botany, Sri Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa College, Sri Anandpur Sahib, Ropar, 140118, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasmit Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Mahajan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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Dhawan V. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: General Considerations. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0497-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Lipoproteins consist of lipids and apolipoproteins that have functional roles in lipid metabolism. It has been suggested that oxidation of lipoproteins by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the inception of various diseases. In particular, the relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and atherosclerosis has been studied in great detail. The main target molecules of lipoprotein oxidation are polyunsaturated fatty acid residues of lipids and apolipoproteins. Extensive investigations have characterized oxidative modifications of apolipoprotein B100 (apo B100) in LDL. Furthermore, modifications of apo B100 by oxidized lipids have been confirmed in oxidized LDL and atherosclerotic lesions using immunological techniques. In this chapter, characteristics and oxidation mechanisms of lipoproteins by ROS are described from in vitro and in vivo studies. Oxidative modifications of apo B100 by lipid hydroperoxides, major products of lipid peroxidation at the early stage, are principally reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Arai
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan,
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112
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Imbesi S, Musolino C, Allegra A, Saija A, Morabito F, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress in oncohematologic diseases: an update. Expert Rev Hematol 2013; 6:317-25. [PMID: 23782085 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An increased risk of cancer in various organs has been related to oxidative stress and several studies have revealed the mechanism by which continued oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer. A variety of transcription factors may be activated in consequence of oxidative stress, leading to the expression of over 500 different genes, including those for growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cell cycle regulatory molecules and anti-inflammatory molecules. In this review, the data related to the action of oxidative stress on the onset of various oncohematologic diseases are summarized, thus bringing together some of the latest information available on the pathogenetic role of oxidative stress in cancer. The authors evaluate the most recent publications on this topic, and, in particular, show the newest evidence of a relationship between oxidative stress and hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative diseases. A separate section is devoted to the implications of a change of oxidative stress in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Finally, particular attention is given to the new markers of oxidative stress, such as carbonyl groups, advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products and S-nitrosylated proteins, which are certainly more stable, reliable, cheaper and more easily identifiable than those already used in clinical practice. New approaches that aim to evaluate subcellular and microenvironment redox potential may be useful in developing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Imbesi
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School & Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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113
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Montoro LA, Turrioni APS, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Infrared LED irradiation photobiomodulation of oxidative stress in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2013; 47:747-55. [PMID: 24215116 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of infrared light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the oxidative stress induced in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODOLOGY Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were harvested from sound primary teeth that were near exfoliation. Cells were seeded (10(5) cells cm(-2) ) using α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS and after 24 h, were placed in contact with LPS (10 μg mL(-1) of culture medium). Immediately afterwards, HDPCs were subjected to a single irradiation with an infrared LED (855 nm) delivering different doses of energy (0, 2, 4, 8, 15 or 30 J cm(-2) ). For each dose, there was a control group without LPS application. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, groups were tested for nitric oxide (NO) quantification, cell viability (MTT assay) and qualitative assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stress resulted in significant increase in NO production by HDPC without causing damage to cell respiratory metabolism. Irrespective of energy dose delivered, NO production was significantly reduced when LPS-stressed cells were irradiated with infrared LED (2 J cm(-2) , P = 0.003; 95% CI = 5.84-27.71; 4 J cm(-2) , P = 0.001; 95% CI = 7.52-26.39; 8 J cm(-2) , P = 0.0195; 95% CI = -2.86-16.01; 15 J cm(-2) , P = 0.0001; 95% CI = 12.10-30.96; 30 J cm(-2) , P = 0.007; 95% CI = 5.84-24.71). The highest decrease in NO production was observed when 15 J cm(-2) was delivered to cells. Infrared LED irradiation resulted in a decrease in ROS production, whilst HDPC metabolism was not significantly affected. CONCLUSION Biomodulation of oxidative stress of HPDC can be achieved by irradiation with a single dose of infrared LED. Within the range investigated, 15 J cm(-2) resulted in the least production of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Montoro
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Flavonoids and 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibit the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:710239. [PMID: 24381411 PMCID: PMC3871909 DOI: 10.1155/2013/710239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been suggested to play a pathophysiological role in several autoimmune diseases. Since NET-formation in response to several biological and chemical stimuli is mostly ROS dependent, in theory any substance that inhibits or scavenges ROS could prevent ROS-dependent NET release. Therefore, in the present comprehensive study, several antioxidative substances were assessed for their capacity to inhibit NET formation of primary human neutrophils in vitro. We could show that the flavonoids (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin hydrate, and rutin trihydrate as well as vitamin C and the pharmacological substances N-acetyl-L-cysteine and 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibited PMA induced ROS production and NET formation. Therefore, a broad spectrum of antioxidative substances that reduce ROS production of primary human neutrophils also inhibits ROS-dependent NET formation. It is tempting to speculate that such antioxidants can have beneficial therapeutic effects in diseases associated with ROS-dependent NET formation.
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Ho E, Karimi Galougahi K, Liu CC, Bhindi R, Figtree GA. Biological markers of oxidative stress: Applications to cardiovascular research and practice. Redox Biol 2013; 1:483-91. [PMID: 24251116 PMCID: PMC3830063 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common mediator in pathogenicity of established cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, it likely mediates effects of emerging, less well-defined variables that contribute to residual risk not explained by traditional factors. Functional oxidative modifications of cellular proteins, both reversible and irreversible, are a causal step in cellular dysfunction. Identifying markers of oxidative stress has been the focus of many researchers as they have the potential to act as an “integrator” of a multitude of processes that drive cardiovascular pathobiology. One of the major challenges is the accurate quantification of reactive oxygen species with very short half-life. Redox-sensitive proteins with important cellular functions are confined to signalling microdomains in cardiovascular cells and are not readily available for quantification. A popular approach is the measurement of stable by-products modified under conditions of oxidative stress that have entered the circulation. However, these may not accurately reflect redox stress at the cell/tissue level. Many of these modifications are “functionally silent”. Functional significance of the oxidative modifications enhances their validity as a proposed biological marker of cardiovascular disease, and is the strength of the redox cysteine modifications such as glutathionylation. We review selected biomarkers of oxidative stress that show promise in cardiovascular medicine, as well as new methodologies for high-throughput measurement in research and clinical settings. Although associated with disease severity, further studies are required to examine the utility of the most promising oxidative biomarkers to predict prognosis or response to treatment. Oxidative stress is a common mediator in pathobiology of risk factors for CVD. Oxidative modifications of proteins and lipids alter cellular function. Some oxidative biomarkers have been associated with severity of CVD. Pathophysiologically relevant biomarkers may integrate the effect of risk factors. Utility of oxidative biomarkers to guide prognosis/treatment merits further work.
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Key Words
- Biomarker
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cardiovascular disease
- GSH, glutathione (reduced)
- Glutathionylation
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HO2•, hydroperoxyl radical
- HOCl, hypochlorous acid
- IsoP, isoprostane
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NO2, nitrogen dioxide
- O2•−, superoxide
- ONOO−, peroxynitrite
- OxLDL, Oxidized low-density lipoprotein
- Oxidative stress
- Prognosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reacting substance
- •OH, hydroxyl radical
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ho
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chia-Chi Liu
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ravi Bhindi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence to: North Shore Heart Research Group, Level 12, Kolling Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 9926 4915; fax: +61 2 9926 6521.
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Jomova K, Valko M. Health protective effects of carotenoids and their interactions with other biological antioxidants. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:102-10. [PMID: 24141200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments attracting attention of physicists, chemists and biologists due to their multiple functions in the nature. While carotenoids have unusually high extinction coefficients, they do not exhibit adequate emission. This fact has resulted in detailed studies of photophysical and photochemical properties of carotenoids and their role as light-harvesting pigments in photosynthesis. Carotenoids are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables and are considered as important species with beneficial effect on human health by decreasing the risk of various diseases, particularly decreasing the incidence of cancers and eye disease. More trials are needed to ascertain the role of carotenoids in prevention of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease. Carotenoids effectively scavenge peroxyl radicals and act predominantly as antioxidants. However, under conditions of increased concentration of oxygen and carotenoid concentration, beta-carotene was found to exhibit prooxidant behaviour. Photophysical properties of carotenoids and conditions affecting a switch between antioxidant and prooxidant behaviour of carotenoids are the main aims of this review. In addition, the localization of carotenoids in biological membranes, their interactions and reactions with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) as well as their redox potentials are discussed in view of their antioxidant properties as beneficial species in preventing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
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117
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Pucciarelli DL. Cocoa and heart health: a historical review of the science. Nutrients 2013; 5:3854-70. [PMID: 24077240 PMCID: PMC3820048 DOI: 10.3390/nu5103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal use of cocoa has a long history dating back almost five hundred years when Hernán Cortés’s first experienced the drink in Mesoamerica. Doctors in Europe recommended the beverage to patients in the 1700s, and later American physicians followed suit and prescribed the drink in early America―ca. 1800s. This article delineates the historic trajectory of cocoa consumption, the linkage between cocoa’s bioactive-mechanistic properties, paying special attention to nitric oxides role in vasodilation of the arteries, to the current indicators purporting the benefits of cocoa and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Pucciarelli
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47304, USA.
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118
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The effect of taurine on chronic heart failure: actions of taurine against catecholamine and angiotensin II. Amino Acids 2013; 46:111-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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119
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Newer therapeutic strategies to alter high-density lipoprotein level and function. Cardiol Rev 2013; 22:17-24. [PMID: 23707991 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0b013e31829cac29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have been identified as a risk factor for premature coronary artery disease, however, to date, current pharmacologic approaches for raising HDL have provided little benefit, if at all, in reducing cardiovascular outcomes. It has been shown that HDL can modify many aspects of plaque pathogenesis. Its most established role is in reverse cholesterol transportation, but HDL can also affect oxidation, inflammation, cellular adhesion, and vasodilatation. Considering these potential benefits of HDL, newer treatments have been developed to modify HDL activity, which include the use of oral cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, apolipoprotein (apo)A-I infusions, apoA-I mimetics, drugs to increase apoA-I synthesis, and agonists of the liver X receptor. These new therapies are reviewed in this article.
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Role of oxidative stress in infectious diseases. A review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:503-13. [PMID: 23504625 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a dual role in infections. Free radicals protect against invading microorganisms, and they can also cause tissue damage during the resulting inflammation. In the process of infection, there is generation of reactive species by myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase. On the other hand, reactive species can be generated among others, by cytochrome P450, some metals, and xanthine oxidase. Some pathologies arising during infection can be attributed to oxidative stress and generation of reactive species in infection can even have fatal consequences. This article reviews the basic pathways in which reactive species can accumulate during infectious diseases and discusses the related health consequences.
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Oxidative stress, cancer, and sleep deprivation: is there a logical link in this association? Sleep Breath 2013; 17:905-10. [PMID: 23371889 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disorders are associated with various human pathologies and interfere with biological processes essential for health and quality of life. On the other hand, cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide with an average of 1,500 deaths per day in the USA. Is there a factor common to both sleep disorders and cancer that serves to link these conditions? DISCUSSION It is a normal process for cellular metabolism to produce reactive oxidant series (ROS). However, when the production of ROS overcomes the antioxidant capacity of the cell to eliminate these products, the resulting state is called oxidative stress. Oxidative DNA damage may participate in ROS-induced carcinogenesis. Moreover, ROS are also produced in the sleep deprivation process. The aim of this article is to review pathways and mechanisms that may point to oxidative stress as a link between sleep deprivation and cancer.
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Mansoor MA, Stakkestad JA, Drabløs PA. Higher leukocyte subpopulation counts in healthy smoker industrial workers than in nonsmoker industrial workers: possible health consequences. Acta Haematol 2013; 129:218-22. [PMID: 23295621 DOI: 10.1159/000345410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoke contains free radicals, which cause injury to endothelial cells and oxidize bioactive components in the blood. Neutrophils, a subpopulation of leukocytes, contain the enzyme myeloperoxidase that mediates production of hypochlorous acid during oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether smoker industrial workers had significantly higher neutrophil counts than nonsmoker industrial workers. DESIGN AND METHODS We collected blood samples from 183 apparently healthy male and 30 female industrial workers. We obtained blood cell counts, measured the concentration of plasma aminothiols and determined the concentration of serum and erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B12 in the samples. RESULTS Smoker industrial workers had significantly higher neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts than nonsmoker industrial workers (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively). Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in smoker industrial workers were higher than in nonsmoker industrial workers (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that smoker industrial workers have higher neutrophil counts than nonsmoker industrial workers. Therefore, our observations suggest that smokers may become more easily prone to chronic inflammation than nonsmokers. About 84% of the study participants were male subjects; therefore, our findings may be more representative for men than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azam Mansoor
- University of Agder, Department of Natural Sciences, Gimlemoen, NO–4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
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123
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Tumova E, Sun W, Jones PH, Vrablik M, Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC. The impact of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals. J Obes 2013; 2013:729515. [PMID: 24455214 PMCID: PMC3880717 DOI: 10.1155/2013/729515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is linked with a state of increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). DESIGN AND METHODS We measured oxidative stress markers in 40 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS+), 40 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (MetS-), and 20 lean controls (LC) at baseline and after three months of very low caloric diet. RESULTS Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels decreased by 12% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a reduction in total cholesterol (TC), even after adjustment for age and sex. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) activity decreased by 4.7% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a drop in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TC, and insulin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a model including ox-LDL, LpPLA₂ activity, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) improved prediction of MetS status among obese individuals compared to each oxidative stress marker alone. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress markers were predictive of MetS in obese subjects, suggesting a higher oxidative stress. Rapid weight loss resulted in a decline in oxidative stress markers, especially in MetS+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tumova
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General Teaching Hospital and Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- *Eva Tumova:
| | - Wensheng Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter H. Jones
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michal Vrablik
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General Teaching Hospital and Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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124
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Matsuo Y, Kubo T, Okumoto Y, Ishibashi K, Komukai K, Tanimoto T, Ino Y, Kitabata H, Hirata K, Imanishi T, Akagi H, Akasaka T. Circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein levels are associated with the presence of thin-cap fibroatheromas determined by optical coherence tomography in coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14:43-50. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jes094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Dias V, Junn E, Mouradian MM. The role of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2013; 3:461-91. [PMID: 24252804 PMCID: PMC4135313 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-130230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1067] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential in neurons interfere with several biological processes, ultimately leading to cell death. Evidence has been developed for oxidative and nitrative damage to key cellular components in the PD substantia nigra. A number of sources and mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized including the metabolism of dopamine itself, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron, neuroinflammatory cells, calcium, and aging. PD causing gene products including DJ-1, PINK1, parkin, alpha-synuclein and LRRK2 also impact in complex ways mitochondrial function leading to exacerbation of ROS generation and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Additionally, cellular homeostatic processes including the ubiquitin-proteasome system and mitophagy are impacted by oxidative stress. It is apparent that the interplay between these various mechanisms contributes to neurodegeneration in PD as a feed forward scenario where primary insults lead to oxidative stress, which damages key cellular pathogenetic proteins that in turn cause more ROS production. Animal models of PD have yielded some insights into the molecular pathways of neuronal degeneration and highlighted previously unknown mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to PD. However, therapeutic attempts to target the general state of oxidative stress in clinical trials have failed to demonstrate an impact on disease progression. Recent knowledge gained about the specific mechanisms related to PD gene products that modulate ROS production and the response of neurons to stress may provide targeted new approaches towards neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Dias
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Eunsung Junn
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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126
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Pourfarzam M, Movahedian A, Sarrafzadegan N, Basati G, Samsamshariat SZ. Association between Plasma Myeloperoxidase and Free 3-Nitrotyrosine Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2013.43028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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127
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Lapenna D, Ciofani G, Cuccurullo C, Pierdomenico SD, Cuccurullo F. Ascorbic acid supplementation reduces oxidative stress and platelet biochemical function in type 2 diabetic patients. Relevance of ascorbic acid dosage and formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnme.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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128
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Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a member of the heme peroxidase superfamily, is a leukocyte-derived enzyme that generates reactive intermediates, leading to oxidative damage of host lipids and proteins. It has been shown that MPO is present within atherosclerotic plaque in human arteries and contributes to atherogenesis by catalyzing oxidative reactions in the vascular wall. This review provides an overview of the analytical and pathophysiologic characteristics of MPO and summarizes the possible clinical applicability of MPO as a marker for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and a marker for prediction of cardiovascular disease.
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129
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Oxidative damage and carcinogenesis. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2012; 16:230-3. [PMID: 23788885 PMCID: PMC3687415 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2012.29290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is an essential element to conduct life processes but some of the metabolic byproducts e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), are toxic for living organisms. Endogenous ROS are produced e.g. reduction of dioxygen; some exogenous sources of radicals also exist, including nicotine and ionizing radiation. Reactive oxygen species include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process. The exact reasons for the development of cancer are still unknown. Many factors contribute to the development of carcinogenesis, one of which is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidizing agents (pro-oxidants) and antioxidants, agents that protect biomolecules against injury by pro-oxidants. When reactive oxygen species are overproduced it can damage nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. ROS are considered as a significant class of carcinogens participating in cancer initiation, promotion and progression.
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130
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Phytochemical activation of Nrf2 protects human coronary artery endothelial cells against an oxidative challenge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:132931. [PMID: 22685617 PMCID: PMC3364676 DOI: 10.1155/2012/132931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a potential therapeutic intervention against endothelial cell oxidative stress and associated vascular disease. We hypothesized that treatment with the phytochemicals in the patented dietary supplement Protandim would induce Nrf2 nuclear localization and phase II antioxidant enzyme protein in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), protecting against an oxidant challenge in an Nrf2- dependent manner. Protandim treatment induced Nrf2 nuclear localization, and HO-1 (778% of control ± 82.25 P < 0.01), SOD1 (125.9% of control ± 6.05 P < 0.01), NQO1 (126% of control ± 6.5 P < 0.01), and GR (119.5% of control ± 7.00 P < 0.05) protein expression in HCAEC. Treatment of HCAEC with H(2)O(2) induced apoptosis in 34% of cells while pretreatment with Protandim resulted in only 6% apoptotic cells (P < 0.01). Nrf2 silencing significantly decreased the Protandim-induced increase in HO-1 protein (P < 0.01). Nrf2 silencing also significantly decreased the protection afforded by Protandim against H(2)O(2)- induced apoptosis (P < 0.01 compared to no RNA, and P < 0.05 compared to control RNA). These results show that Protandim induces Nrf2 nuclear localization and antioxidant enzyme expression, and protection of HCAEC from an oxidative challenge is Nrf2 dependent.
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131
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Shao B, Pennathur S, Heinecke JW. Myeloperoxidase targets apolipoprotein A-I, the major high density lipoprotein protein, for site-specific oxidation in human atherosclerotic lesions. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:6375-86. [PMID: 22219194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.337345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage by myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been proposed to deprive HDL of its cardioprotective effects. In vitro studies reveal that MPO chlorinates and nitrates specific tyrosine residues of apoA-I, the major HDL protein. After Tyr-192 is chlorinated, apoA-I is less able to promote cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway. To investigate the potential role of this pathway in vivo, we used tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring to quantify the regiospecific oxidation of apoA-I. This approach demonstrated that Tyr-192 is the major chlorination site in apoA-I in both plasma and lesion HDL of humans. We also found that Tyr-192 is the major nitration site in apoA-I of circulating HDL but that Tyr-18 is the major site in lesion HDL. Levels of 3-nitrotyrosine strongly correlated with levels of 3-chlorotyrosine in lesion HDL, and Tyr-18 of apoA-I was the major nitration site in HDL exposed to MPO in vitro, suggesting that MPO is the major pathway for chlorination and nitration of HDL in human atherosclerotic tissue. These observations may have implications for treating cardiovascular disease, because recombinant apoA-I is under investigation as a therapeutic agent and mutant forms of apoA-I that resist oxidation might be more cardioprotective than the native form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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132
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Jacob JK, Tiwari K, Correa-Betanzo J, Misran A, Chandrasekaran R, Paliyath G. Biochemical basis for functional ingredient design from fruits. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012; 3:79-104. [PMID: 22224553 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional food ingredients (nutraceuticals) in fruits range from small molecular components, such as the secondary plant products, to macromolecular entities, e.g., pectin and cellulose, that provide several health benefits. In fruits, the most visible functional ingredients are the color components anthocyanins and carotenoids. In addition, several other secondary plant products, including terpenes, show health beneficial activities. A common feature of several functional ingredients is their antioxidant function. For example, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be oxidized and stabilized by flavonoid components, and the flavonoid radical can undergo electron rearrangement stabilizing the flavonoid radical. Compounds that possess an orthodihydroxy or quinone structure can interact with cellular proteins in the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway to activate the gene transcription of antioxidant enzymes. Carotenoids and flavonoids can also exert their action by modulating the signal transduction and gene expression within the cell. Recent results suggest that these activities are primarily responsible for the health benefits associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jissy K Jacob
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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133
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Vlasova II, Sokolov AV, Arnhold J. The free amino acid tyrosine enhances the chlorinating activity of human myeloperoxidase. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 106:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The mechanisms of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are not well defined, but epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that iron-catalyzed processes may contribute to atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that iron-catalyzed oxidations of LDLs in vitro produce diagnostic biomarkers of oxidation of the apolipoprotein that could be applied to studies in vivo. LDLs were oxidized in the presence of Fe2+, EDTA, and ascorbic acid for up to 40 h. Following delipidation and trypsin digestion, the peptides were separated by HPLC, with four peaks detected at 365 nm, whereas none were observed in peptides from unoxidized LDLs. The peptides were identified by MALDI-QTOF mass spectrometry as IVQILP(W+4) EQNEQVK, IYSL(W+4)EHSTK, FEGLQE(W+4)EGK, and YH(W+4)EHTGLTLR, with (W+4) rather than the W residues of the unoxidized protein. The mass gains (+4 increase in m/z in tryptophan, W) and absorbance at 365 nm indicate kynurenines, which were trypsin-releasable peptides that are on the surface of LDL particles. All four peptides thus characterized share the sequence of WE. The preferential oxidation of W residues in WE sequences suggest contributions from the C-proximate glutamate residues in chelation of the iron species, thereby influencing site selectivities of oxidation. These kynurenine-containing peptides might serve as biomarkers of iron-mediated oxidations in vivo.
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Do Atherosclerosis and Obesity-Associated Susceptibility to Cancer Share Causative Link to oxLDL and LOX-1? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 25:477-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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136
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Fritz KS, Petersen DR. Exploring the biology of lipid peroxidation-derived protein carbonylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1411-9. [PMID: 21812433 DOI: 10.1021/tx200169n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sustained overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species results in an imbalance of cellular prooxidant-antioxidant systems and is implicated in numerous disease states, including alcoholic liver disease, cancer, neurological disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. The accumulation of reactive aldehydes resulting from sustained oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation is an underlying factor in the development of these pathologies. Determining the biochemical factors that elicit cellular responses resulting from protein carbonylation remains a key element to developing therapeutic approaches and ameliorating disease pathologies. This review details our current understanding of the generation of reactive aldehydes via lipid peroxidation resulting in protein carbonylation, focusing on pathophysiologic factors associated with 4-hydroxynonenal-protein modification. Additionally, an overview of in vitro and in vivo model systems used to study the physiologic impact of protein carbonylation is presented. Finally, an update of the methods commonly used in characterizing protein modification by reactive aldehydes provides an overview of isolation techniques, mass spectrometry, and computational biology. It is apparent that research in this area employing state-of-the-art proteomics, mass spectrometry, and computational biology is rapidly evolving, yielding foundational knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms of protein carbonylation and its relation to a spectrum of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer S Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Zhang M, Li W, Li T. Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo. Molecules 2011; 16:5333-48. [PMID: 21705973 PMCID: PMC6264246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs), formed by rearrangement of endoperoxide intermediates generated through the cyclooxygenase and free radical induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are extraordinarily reactive, forming covalent adducts incorporating protein lysyl ε-amino groups. Because they accumulate, these adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the generation of LG/isoLG in vitro and in vivo and the detection methods for the adducts of LG/isoLG and biological molecules in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mail: (M.Z.)
| | - Wei Li
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA; E-Mail: (W.L.)
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel: +86-278-374-6960
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138
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Samsamshariat SZ, Basati G, Movahedian A, Pourfarzam M, Sarrafzadegan N. Elevated plasma myeloperoxidase levels in relation to circulating inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease. Biomark Med 2011; 5:377-85. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Elevation of the leukocyte enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial and its relationship with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels in CAD patients has not been evaluated. Therefore, we sought to evaluate these relationships. Materials & methods: This study included 50 stable CAD patients, 50 unstable CAD patients and 50 control subjects. Plasma MPO and ox-LDL levels were determined using enzyme immunoassay. Plasma NOx and other risk factors were also measured in the patients. Results: Plasma MPO levels were higher in unstable CAD patients (71.2 ± 19.6 ng/ml) than in stable CAD patients (34.5 ± 6.8 ng/ml) and control subjects (23.0 ± 3.6 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, plasma MPO was positively correlated with ox-LDL and negatively correlated with NOx levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Plasma MPO levels were elevated in CAD patients and its relation to CAD may be through the oxidation of LDL and reduction of NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saed Ziaaldin Samsamshariat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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139
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Scarpato R, Gambacciani C, Svezia B, Chimenti D, Turchi G. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of two free-radical generators (AAPH and SIN-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and human peripheral lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 722:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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140
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Reactive Oxygen Species Removal Activity of Davallialactone Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulpal Inflammation through Inhibition of the Extracellular Signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Nuclear Factor kappa B Pathway. J Endod 2011; 37:491-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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141
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Finco A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR. Assessment of the activity of an oral contraceptive on the levels of oxidative stress and changes in oxidative stress after co-treatment with two different types of physiological modulators with antioxidant action. Contraception 2011; 84:418-22. [PMID: 21920199 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this research were to document the nature of oxidative stress (OS) while taking an estrogen/progestagen-combined oral contraceptive (OC) and to evaluate the action of two different products composed of a combination of antioxidant, vitamins and natural products in physiological quantity and classified as antioxidant/food supplement. For this reason, the two products are classified as physiological modulators (PM), able to restore the balance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in the organism. STUDY DESIGN The Reactive Oxygen Metabolites-derived compound test, a photometric assay that measures the hydroperoxides levels in biological fluids, was used to determine the OS. OS was analyzed every 3 days (from t(1) to t(27)) for 28 days on 10 healthy volunteers during three successive OC treatment cycles with a contraceptive (Microgynon®: ethinylestradiol 50 mcg plus levonorgestrel 125 mcg). In the first cycle, the OC was administered by itself; in the successive two cycles, the OC was administered in association in an open crossover study with two different types of PMs with antioxidant action. The main difference in the composition of the two products is the presence/absence of catechins from green tea. RESULTS With just OC treatment, all the volunteers showed an increase in the OS values from 240±22.3 (mean±SD) Carratelli Units. (normal value) up to values >400 Carratelli Units (severe OS), then returned to normal when the OC therapy was suspended. The concomitant use of the two PMs showed that only the product containing green tea catechins was able to reduce the OS values, on average, by approximately 50% (t test p<.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that to control the OS generated by OC, specific types of physiological modulators are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Finco
- Department of Oxidation Research-Parma (PR), Cor. Con. International Srl, Italy
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142
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Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 2011; 283:65-87. [PMID: 21414382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2140] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detailed studies in the past two decades have shown that redox active metals like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and other metals undergo redox cycling reactions and possess the ability to produce reactive radicals such as superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide in biological systems. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox inactive metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of glutathione. Interestingly, for arsenic an alternative mechanism of action based on the formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions has been proposed. A special position among metals is occupied by the redox inert metal zinc (Zn). Zn is an essential component of numerous proteins involved in the defense against oxidative stress. It has been shown, that depletion of Zn may enhance DNA damage via impairments of DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, Zn has an impact on the immune system and possesses neuroprotective properties. The mechanism of metal-induced formation of free radicals is tightly influenced by the action of cellular antioxidants. Many low-molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, flavonoids, and other antioxidants) are capable of chelating metal ions reducing thus their catalytic activity to form ROS. A novel therapeutic approach to suppress oxidative stress is based on the development of dual function antioxidants comprising not only chelating, but also scavenging components. Parodoxically, two major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase contain as an integral part of their active sites metal ions to battle against toxic effects of metal-induced free radicals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
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143
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Emami SA, Asgary S, Ardekani MRS, Naderi GA, Kasher T, Aslani S, Airin A, Amini F. Antioxidant Activity in Some In vitro Oxidative Systems of the Essential Oils from the Fruit and the Leaves ofPlatycladus orientalis. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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144
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Bashtovyy D, Jones MK, Anantharamaiah GM, Segrest JP. Sequence conservation of apolipoprotein A-I affords novel insights into HDL structure-function. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:435-50. [PMID: 21159667 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r012658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed alignment of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) sequences from 31 species of animals. We found there is specific conservation of salt bridge-forming residues in the first 30 residues of apoA-I and general conservation of a variety of residue types in the central domain, helix 2/3 to helix 7/8. In the lipid-associating domain, helix 7 and helix 10 are the most and least conserved helixes, respectively. Furthermore, eight residues are completely conserved: P66, R83, P121, E191, and P220, and three of seven Tyr residues in human apoA-I, Y18, Y115, and Y192, are conserved. Residue Y18 appears to be important for assembly of HDL. E191-Y192 represents the only completely conserved pair of adjacent residues in apoA-I; Y192 is a preferred target for site-specific oxidative modification within atheroma, and molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the conserved pair E191-Y192 is in a solvent-exposed loop-helix-loop. Molecular dynamics testing of human apoA-I showed that M112 and M148 interact with Y115, a microenvironment unique to human apoA-I. Finally, conservation of Arg residues in the α11/3 helical wheel position 7 supports several possibilities: interactions with adjacent phospholipid molecules and/or oxidized lipids and/or binding of antioxidant enzymes through cation-π orbital interactions. We conclude that sequence alignment of apoA-I provides unique insights into apoA-I structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Bashtovyy
- Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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145
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van der Zwan LP, Teerlink T, Dekker JM, Henry RMA, Stehouwer CDA, Jakobs C, Heine RJ, Scheffer PG. Plasma myeloperoxidase is inversely associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation in elderly subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism. Metabolism 2010; 59:1723-9. [PMID: 20580782 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a biomarker related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide scavenging, has been shown to impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Because elevated hydrogen peroxide concentrations in diabetic vessels may enhance MPO activity, we hypothesized that a stronger association of MPO with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) may be found in subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism. Myeloperoxidase concentrations were measured in EDTA plasma samples from participants of a population-based cohort study, including 230 subjects with normal glucose metabolism and 386 with abnormal glucose metabolism. Vascular function was expressed as FMD and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. In subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism, MPO was negatively associated with FMD (-20.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, -41.7 to -0.2] -μm change in FMD per SD increment of MPO). This association remained significant after adjustment for nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (-31.1 [95% CI, -50.0 to -12.3]) and was not attenuated after further adjustment for established risk factors. In subjects with normal glucose metabolism, MPO was not significantly associated with FMD (2.0 [95% CI, -16.0 to 20.0]). In conclusion, in subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism, plasma levels of MPO are inversely associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation, possibly reflecting enhancement of MPO activity by vascular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard P van der Zwan
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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146
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Kelkel M, Jacob C, Dicato M, Diederich M. Potential of the dietary antioxidants resveratrol and curcumin in prevention and treatment of hematologic malignancies. Molecules 2010; 15:7035-74. [PMID: 20944521 PMCID: PMC6259231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable improvements in the tolerance and efficacy of novel chemotherapeutic agents, the mortality of hematological malignancies is still high due to therapy relapse, which is associated with bad prognosis. Dietary polyphenolic compounds are of growing interest as an alternative approach, especially in cancer treatment, as they have been proven to be safe and display strong antioxidant properties. Here, we provide evidence that both resveratrol and curcumin possess huge potential for application as both chemopreventive agents and anticancer drugs and might represent promising candidates for future treatment of leukemia. Both polyphenols are currently being tested in clinical trials. We describe the underlying mechanisms, but also focus on possible limitations and how they might be overcome in future clinical use – either by chemically synthesized derivatives or special formulations that improve bioavailability and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Kelkel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, 2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mail: (M.K.)
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, 2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mail: (M.K.)
| | - Marc Diederich
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, 2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mail: (M.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +352-2468-4040; Fax: +352-2468-4060
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147
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Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Bobińska K, Śmigielski J, Bieńkiewicz M, Szemraj J. Functional polymorphism of the myeloperoxidase gene (G-463A) in depressive patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2010; 22:218-22. [PMID: 26952831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2010.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Bobińska K, Śmigielski J, Bieńkiewicz M, Szemraj J. Functional polymorphism of the myeloperoxidase gene (G-463A) in depressive patients. OBJECTIVE Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme involved in the production of hypochloric acid as well as other reactive oxygen species. This enzyme plays a significant role in inflammatory processes. In view of the observed associations between depression and such inflammatory processes, as well as of the reports that confirm the presence of oxidative stress in depression, this study was designed to assess the correlation, if any, between the single nucleotide polymorphism G-463A of the MPO gene and the risk of recurrent depressive disorders (DD). METHODS The study was carried out in a group of 149 patients with recurrent DD and 149 healthy control subjects. Genotyping was performed by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS A comparison between healthy controls and depressive patients showed a statistically significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency in the studied groups. Genotype distribution and allele frequency did not correlate with clinical variables of the patients. CONCLUSION The obtained results of the study allow us to draw a cautious conclusion about the role of the analysed G-463A MPO polymorphism in recurrent DD development, which, however, requires eventual confirmation in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gałecki
- 1Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Antoni Florkowski
- 1Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Bobińska
- 1Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Śmigielski
- 2Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bieńkiewicz
- 3Department of Quality Control and Radiological Protection, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- 4Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Shao B, Oda MN, Oram JF, Heinecke JW. Myeloperoxidase: an oxidative pathway for generating dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:447-54. [PMID: 20043647 DOI: 10.1021/tx9003775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol by artery wall macrophages triggers atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) retards atherosclerosis by promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages by the membrane-associated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) pathway. HDL has been proposed to lose its cardioprotective effects in subjects with atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. One potential pathway involves oxidative damage by myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme enzyme secreted by human artery wall macrophages. We used mass spectrometry to demonstrate that HDL isolated from patients with established cardiovascular disease contains elevated levels of 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine, two characteristic products of MPO. When apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major HDL protein, was oxidized by MPO, its ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 was impaired. Moreover, oxidized apoA-I was unable to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which rapidly converts free cholesterol to cholesteryl ester, a critical step in HDL maturation. Biochemical studies implicated tyrosine chlorination and methionine oxygenation in the loss of ABCA1 and LCAT activity by oxidized apoA-I. Oxidation of specific residues in apoA-I inhibited two key steps in cholesterol efflux from macrophages, raising the possibility that MPO initiates a pathway for generating dysfunctional HDL in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 815 Mercer Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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149
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Ergen A, İsbir S, Timirci Ö, Tekeli A, İsbir T. Effects of myeloperoxidase −463 G/A gene polymorphism and plasma levels on coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:887-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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150
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Effect of fluid shear stress on endocytosis of heparan sulfate and low-density lipoproteins. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2007:65136. [PMID: 18309375 PMCID: PMC2248245 DOI: 10.1155/2007/65136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic stress is a critical factor in the onset of atherosclerosis such that reduced rates of shear stress occurring at regions of high curvature are more prone to disease. The level of shear stress has direct influence on the thickness and integrity of the glycocalyx layer. Here we show that heparan sulfate, the main component of the glycocalyx layer, forms an intact layer only on cell surfaces subjected to shear, and not under static conditions. Furthermore, receptor-mediated endocytosis of heparan sulfate and low-density liporoteins is not detectable in cells exposed to shear stress. The internalized heparan sulfate and low-density lipoproteins are colocalized as shown by confocal imaging.
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