101
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Specific Cell (Re-)Programming: Approaches and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:71-115. [PMID: 29071403 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many disorders are manifested by dysfunction of key cell types or their disturbed integration in complex organs. Thereby, adult organ systems often bear restricted self-renewal potential and are incapable of achieving functional regeneration. This underlies the need for novel strategies in the field of cell (re-)programming-based regenerative medicine as well as for drug development in vitro. The regenerative field has been hampered by restricted availability of adult stem cells and the potentially hazardous features of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, ethical concerns and legal restrictions regarding the generation and use of ESCs still exist. The establishment of direct reprogramming protocols for various therapeutically valuable somatic cell types has overcome some of these limitations. Meanwhile, new perspectives for safe and efficient generation of different specified somatic cell types have emerged from numerous approaches relying on exogenous expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, coding and noncoding RNAs, and chemical compounds.It should be of highest priority to develop protocols for the production of mature and physiologically functional cells with properties ideally matching those of their endogenous counterparts. Their availability can bring together basic research, drug screening, safety testing, and ultimately clinical trials. Here, we highlight the remarkable successes in cellular (re-)programming, which have greatly advanced the field of regenerative medicine in recent years. In particular, we review recent progress on the generation of cardiomyocyte subtypes, with a focus on cardiac pacemaker cells. Graphical Abstract.
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102
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Current Strategies to Generate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6726185. [PMID: 30224922 PMCID: PMC6129345 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6726185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous multipotent stem cells that are involved in the development of mesenchyme-derived evolving structures and organs during ontogeny. In the adult organism, reservoirs of MSCs can be found in almost all tissues where MSCs contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity. The use of these different MSCs for cell-based therapies has been extensively studied over the past years, which highlights the use of MSCs as a promising option for the treatment of various diseases including autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. However, the proportion of MSCs contained in primary isolates of adult tissue biopsies is rather low and, thus, vigorous ex vivo expansion is needed especially for therapies that may require extensive and repetitive cell substitution. Therefore, more easily and accessible sources of MSCs are needed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the different strategies to generate human MSCs in vitro as an alternative method for their applications in regenerative therapy.
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103
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Abou-Saleh H, Zouein FA, El-Yazbi A, Sanoudou D, Raynaud C, Rao C, Pintus G, Dehaini H, Eid AH. The march of pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:201. [PMID: 30053890 PMCID: PMC6062943 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Heart failure remains a major contributor to this mortality. Despite major therapeutic advances over the past decades, a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of CVD as well as improved therapeutic strategies for the management or treatment of heart failure are increasingly needed. Loss of myocardium is a major driver of heart failure. An attractive approach that appears to provide promising results in reducing cardiac degeneration is stem cell therapy (SCT). In this review, we describe different types of stem cells, including embryonic and adult stem cells, and we provide a detailed discussion of the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also present and critically discuss the key methods used for converting somatic cells to pluripotent cells and iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (CMs), along with their advantages and limitations. Integrating and non-integrating reprogramming methods as well as characterization of iPSCs and iPSC-derived CMs are discussed. Furthermore, we critically present various methods of differentiating iPSCs to CMs. The value of iPSC-CMs in regenerative medicine as well as myocardial disease modeling and cardiac regeneration are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, “Attikon” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christopher Rao
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, London, UK
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Dehaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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104
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Tashiro S, Nishimura S, Shinozaki M, Takano M, Konomi T, Tsuji O, Nagoshi N, Toyama Y, Liu M, Okano H, Nakamura M. The Amelioration of Pain-Related Behavior in Mice with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Treated with Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation Combined with Treadmill Training. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2561-2571. [PMID: 29790403 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in regenerative medicine is realizing the possibility of neural regeneration and functional recovery in spinal cord injury (SCI). Recently, rehabilitation has attracted much attention with respect to the synergistic promotion of functional recovery in combination with neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation, even in the chronic refractory phase of SCI. Nevertheless, sensory disturbance is one of the most prominent sequelae, even though the effects of combination or single therapies have been investigated mostly in the context of motor recovery. To determine how combination therapy with treadmill training (TMT) and NS/PC transplantation affects the manifestation of thermal allodynia and tactile hyperalgesia in chronic phase SCI, four groups of SCI mice were used to assess pain-related behavior and histological changes: combined transplantation and TMT therapy, transplantation only, TMT only, and control groups. Thermal allodynia and coarse touch-pressure hyperalgesia exhibited significant recovery in the combined therapy group in comparison with controls, whereas there were no significant differences with fine touch-pressure hyperalgesia and motor function. Further investigation revealed fewer fibers remaining in the posterior funiculus, which contained the tracts associated with the two modalities showing less recovery; that is, touch-pressure hyperalgesia and motor function. A significant correlation was only observed between these two modalities. Although no remarkable histological recovery was found within the lesion epicenter, changes indicating amelioration of pain were observed in the lumbar enlargement of the combination therapy group. Our results suggest that amelioration of thermal allodynia and tactile hyperalgesia can be brought about by the additive effect of NS/PC transplantation and TMT. The degree of recovery seems dependent on the distribution of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syoichi Tashiro
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soraya Nishimura
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- 3 Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morito Takano
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Konomi
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan .,4 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Murayama Medical Center , National Hospital Organization, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meigen Liu
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- 3 Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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105
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Transcutaneously refillable, 3D-printed biopolymeric encapsulation system for the transplantation of endocrine cells. Biomaterials 2018; 177:125-138. [PMID: 29886385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autologous cell transplantation holds enormous promise to restore organ and tissue functions in the treatment of various pathologies including endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases among others. Even though immune rejection is circumvented with autologous transplantation, clinical adoption remains limited due to poor cell retention and survival. Cell transplant success requires homing to vascularized environment, cell engraftment and importantly, maintenance of inherent cell function. To address this need, we developed a three dimensional (3D) printed cell encapsulation device created with polylactic acid (PLA), termed neovascularized implantable cell homing and encapsulation (NICHE). In this paper, we present the development and systematic evaluation of the NICHE in vitro, and the in vivo validation with encapsulated testosterone-secreting Leydig cells in Rag1-/- castrated mice. Enhanced subcutaneous vascularization of NICHE via platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hydrogel coating and filling was demonstrated in vivo via a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as well as in mice. After establishment of a pre-vascularized bed within the NICHE, transcutaneously transplanted Leydig cells, maintained viability and robust testosterone secretion for the duration of the study. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed extensive Leydig cell colonization in the NICHE. Furthermore, transplanted cells achieved physiologic testosterone levels in castrated mice. The promising results provide a proof of concept for the NICHE as a viable platform technology for autologous cell transplantation for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
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106
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Li Z, Maitz P. Cell therapy for severe burn wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29854856 PMCID: PMC5971426 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy has emerged as an important component of life-saving procedures in treating burns. Over past decades, advances in stem cells and regenerative medicine have offered exciting opportunities of developing cell-based alternatives and demonstrated the potential and feasibility of various stem cells for burn wound healing. However, there are still scientific and technical issues that should be resolved to facilitate the full potential of the cellular devices. More evidence from large, randomly controlled trials is also needed to understand the clinical impact of cell therapy in burns. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the research development and clinical applications of cell therapies in burn wound healing and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Burns Unit, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales 2139 Australia
- Skin Laboratory, NSW Statewide Burns Service, Concord, New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter Maitz
- Burns Unit, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales 2139 Australia
- Skin Laboratory, NSW Statewide Burns Service, Concord, New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
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107
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Strnadel J, Carromeu C, Bardy C, Navarro M, Platoshyn O, Glud AN, Marsala S, Kafka J, Miyanohara A, Kato T, Tadokoro T, Hefferan MP, Kamizato K, Yoshizumi T, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Ho CS, Kheradmand T, Chen P, Bohaciakova D, Hruska-Plochan M, Todd AJ, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Pfaff SL, Klima J, Ciacci J, Curtis E, Gage FH, Bui J, Yamada K, Muotri AR, Marsala M. Survival of syngeneic and allogeneic iPSC–derived neural precursors after spinal grafting in minipigs. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/440/eaam6651. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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108
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Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Wiznerowicz M. Application of induced pluripotency in cancer studies. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:207-214. [PMID: 29760595 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As soon as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming of somatic cells were developed, the discovery attracted the attention of scientists, offering new perspectives for personalized medicine and providing a powerful platform for drug testing. The technology was almost immediately applied to cancer studies. As presented in this review, direct reprogramming of cancer cells with enforced expression of pluripotency factors have several basic purposes, all of which aim to explain the complex nature of cancer development and progression, therapy-resistance and relapse, and ultimately lead to the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. Here, we briefly present recent advances in reprogramming methodologies as well as commonalities between cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis and discuss recent outcomes from the implementation of induced pluripotency into cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwińska
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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109
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Klein D. iPSCs-based generation of vascular cells: reprogramming approaches and applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1411-1433. [PMID: 29243171 PMCID: PMC5852192 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) research have opened a new avenue for stem cell-based generation of vascular cells. Based on their growth and differentiation potential, human iPSCs constitute a well-characterized, generally unlimited cell source for the mass generation of lineage- and patient-specific vascular cells without any ethical concerns. Human iPSCs-derived vascular cells are perfectly suited for vascular disease modeling studies because patient-derived iPSCs possess the disease-causing mutation, which might be decisive for full expression of the disease phenotype. The application of vascular cells for autologous cell replacement therapy or vascular engineering derived from immune-compatible iPSCs possesses huge clinical potential, but the large-scale production of vascular-specific lineages for regenerative cell therapies depends on well-defined, highly reproducible culture and differentiation conditions. This review will focus on the different strategies to derive vascular cells from human iPSCs and their applications in regenerative therapy, disease modeling and drug discovery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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110
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Thekkeparambil Chandrabose S, Sriram S, Subramanian S, Cheng S, Ong WK, Rozen S, Kasim NHA, Sugii S. Amenable epigenetic traits of dental pulp stem cells underlie high capability of xeno-free episomal reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29559008 PMCID: PMC5859503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a shift towards non-viral and animal component-free methods of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is preferred for safer clinical applications, there is still a shortage of reliable cell sources and protocols for efficient reprogramming. METHODS Here, we show a robust episomal and xeno-free reprogramming strategy for human iPS generation from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which renders good efficiency (0.19%) over a short time frame (13-18 days). RESULTS The robustness of DPSCs as starting cells for iPS induction is found due to their exceptional inherent stemness properties, developmental origin from neural crest cells, specification for tissue commitment, and differentiation capability. To investigate the epigenetic basis for the high reprogramming efficiency of DPSCs, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and found that the epigenetic signature of DPSCs associated with pluripotent, developmental, and ecto-mesenchymal genes is relatively close to that of iPS and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among these genes, it is found that overexpression of PAX9 and knockdown of HERV-FRD improved the efficiencies of iPS generation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study provides underlying epigenetic mechanisms that establish a robust platform for efficient generation of iPS cells from DPSCs, facilitating industrial and clinical use of iPS technology for therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Sriram
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Subha Subramanian
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Ong
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Malaysia, 79200, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Steve Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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111
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Nagoshi N, Okano H. iPSC-derived neural precursor cells: potential for cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:989-1000. [PMID: 28993834 PMCID: PMC11105708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the NPCs had been mostly harvested from embryonic stem cells or fetal tissue, raising the ethical concern. Yamanaka and his colleagues established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which could be generated from somatic cells, and this innovative development has made rapid progression in the field of SCI regeneration. We and other groups succeeded in producing NPCs from iPSCs, and demonstrated beneficial effects after transplantation for animal models of SCI. In particular, efficacy of human iPSC-NPCs in non-human primate SCI models fostered momentum of clinical application for SCI patients. At the same time, however, artificial induction methods in iPSC technology created alternative issues including genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and tumorigenicity after transplantation. To overcome these problems, it is critically important to select origins of somatic cells, use integration-free system during transfection of reprogramming factors, and thoroughly investigate the characteristics of iPSC-NPCs with respect to quality management. Moreover, since most of the previous studies have focused on subacute phase of SCI, establishment of effective NPC transplantation should be evaluated for chronic phase hereafter. Our group is currently preparing clinical-grade human iPSC-NPCs, and will move forward toward clinical study for subacute SCI patients soon in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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112
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of ischemic heart disease via replenishing cell loss after myocardial infarction. Both preclinical studies and clinical trials have indicated that cardiac function improved consistently, but very modestly after cell-based therapy. This mainly attributed to low cell survival rate, engraftment and functional integration, which became the major challenges to regenerative medicine. In recent years, several new cell types have been developed to regenerate cardiomyocytes and novel delivery approaches helped to increase local cell retention. New strategies, such as cell pretreatment, gene-based therapy, tissue engineering, extracellular vesicles application and immunologic regulation, have surged and brought about improved cell survival and functional integration leading to better therapeutic effects after cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize these new strategies targeting at challenges of cardiac regenerative medicine and discuss recent evidences that may hint their effectiveness in the future clinical settings.
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113
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Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4197857. [PMID: 29670867 PMCID: PMC5833156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4197857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.
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114
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Apatoff MBL, Sengillo JD, White EC, Bakhoum MF, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH. Autologous stem cell therapy for inherited and acquired retinal disease. Regen Med 2018; 13:89-96. [PMID: 29360008 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retina, derived from neural ectoderm, has little regenerative potential. For conditions where irreversible retinal pigment epithelium or photoreceptor cell loss occurs, advanced techniques are required to restore vision. Inherited retinal dystrophies and some acquired conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, have a similar end result of photoreceptor cell death leading to debilitating vision loss. These diseases stand to benefit from future regenerative medicine as dietary recommendations and current pharmacologic therapy only seek to prevent further disease progression. Cell-based strategies, such as autologously derived induced pluripotent stem cells, have come a long way in overcoming previous technical and ethical concerns. Clinical trials for such techniques are already underway. These trials and the preceding preclinical studies will be discussed in the context of retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ben L Apatoff
- Jonas Children's Vision Care & Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jesse D Sengillo
- Jonas Children's Vision Care & Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Eugenia C White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mathieu F Bakhoum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care & Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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115
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Grounds MD. Obstacles and challenges for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Australian nuances. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:390-400. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences; the University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
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116
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Weinberger F, Breckwoldt K, Pecha S, Kelly A, Geertz B, Starbatty J, Yorgan T, Cheng KH, Lessmann K, Stolen T, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Smith G, Reichenspurner H, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T. Cardiac repair in guinea pigs with human engineered heart tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:363ra148. [PMID: 27807283 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury results in a loss of contractile tissue mass that, in the absence of efficient regeneration, is essentially irreversible. Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes has beneficial but variable effects. We created human engineered heart tissue (hEHT) strips from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and hiPSC-derived endothelial cells. The hEHTs were transplanted onto large defects (22% of the left ventricular wall, 35% decline in left ventricular function) of guinea pig hearts 7 days after cryoinjury, and the results were compared with those obtained with human endothelial cell patches (hEETs) or cell-free patches. Twenty-eight days after transplantation, the hearts repaired with hEHT strips exhibited, within the scar, human heart muscle grafts, which had remuscularized 12% of the infarct area. These grafts showed cardiomyocyte proliferation, vascularization, and evidence for electrical coupling to the intact heart tissue in a subset of engrafted hearts. hEHT strips improved left ventricular function by 31% compared to that before implantation, whereas the hEET or cell-free patches had no effect. Together, our study demonstrates that three-dimensional human heart muscle constructs can repair the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weinberger
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kaja Breckwoldt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon Pecha
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Allen Kelly
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Council on Cardiovascular Disease, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgit Geertz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jutta Starbatty
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timur Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Hung Cheng
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katrin Lessmann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tomas Stolen
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Council on Cardiovascular Disease, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Godfrey Smith
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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Hamano S, Tomokiyo A, Hasegawa D, Yoshida S, Sugii H, Mitarai H, Fujino S, Wada N, Maeda H. Extracellular Matrix from Periodontal Ligament Cells Could Induce the Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 27:100-111. [PMID: 29160151 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in anchoring teeth in the bone socket. Damage to the PDL, such as after severe inflammation, can be treated with a therapeutic strategy that uses stem cells derived from PDL tissue (PDLSCs), a strategy that has received intense scrutiny over the past decade. However, there is an insufficient number of PDLSCs within the PDL for treating such damage. Therefore, we sought to induce the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into PDLSCs as an initial step toward PDL therapy. To this end, we first induced iPS cells into neural crest (NC)-like cells. We then captured the p75 neurotrophic receptor-positive cells (iPS-NC cells) and cultured them on an extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by human PDL cells (iPS-NC-PDL cells). These iPS-NC-PDL cells showed reduced expression of embryonic stem cell and NC cell markers as compared with iPS and iPS-NC cells, and enrichment of mesenchymal stem cell markers. The cells also had a higher proliferative capacity, multipotency, and elevated expression of PDL-related markers than iPS-NC cells cultured on fibronectin and laminin (iPS-NC-FL cells) or ECM produced by human skin fibroblast cells (iPS-NC-SF cells). Overall, we present a culture method to produce high number of PDLSC-like cells from iPS cells as a first step toward a strategy for PDL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Hamano
- 1 Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan .,2 OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mitarai
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujino
- 1 Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- 4 Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- 1 Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan .,3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
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Niioka H, Asatani S, Yoshimura A, Ohigashi H, Tagawa S, Miyake J. Classification of C2C12 cells at differentiation by convolutional neural network of deep learning using phase contrast images. Hum Cell 2017; 31:87-93. [PMID: 29235053 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, tremendous numbers of cells are necessary for tissue/organ regeneration. Today automatic cell-culturing system has been developed. The next step is constructing a non-invasive method to monitor the conditions of cells automatically. As an image analysis method, convolutional neural network (CNN), one of the deep learning method, is approaching human recognition level. We constructed and applied the CNN algorithm for automatic cellular differentiation recognition of myogenic C2C12 cell line. Phase-contrast images of cultured C2C12 are prepared as input dataset. In differentiation process from myoblasts to myotubes, cellular morphology changes from round shape to elongated tubular shape due to fusion of the cells. CNN abstract the features of the shape of the cells and classify the cells depending on the culturing days from when differentiation is induced. Changes in cellular shape depending on the number of days of culture (Day 0, Day 3, Day 6) are classified with 91.3% accuracy. Image analysis with CNN has a potential to realize regenerative medicine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Niioka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Asatani
- School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Aina Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hironori Ohigashi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jun Miyake
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Information, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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119
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Lei CL, Wang K, Clerx M, Johnstone RH, Hortigon-Vinagre MP, Zamora V, Allan A, Smith GL, Gavaghan DJ, Mirams GR, Polonchuk L. Tailoring Mathematical Models to Stem-Cell Derived Cardiomyocyte Lines Can Improve Predictions of Drug-Induced Changes to Their Electrophysiology. Front Physiol 2017; 8:986. [PMID: 29311950 PMCID: PMC5732978 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have applications in disease modeling, cell therapy, drug screening and personalized medicine. Computational models can be used to interpret experimental findings in iPSC-CMs, provide mechanistic insights, and translate these findings to adult cardiomyocyte (CM) electrophysiology. However, different cell lines display different expression of ion channels, pumps and receptors, and show differences in electrophysiology. In this exploratory study, we use a mathematical model based on iPSC-CMs from Cellular Dynamic International (CDI, iCell), and compare its predictions to novel experimental recordings made with the Axiogenesis Cor.4U line. We show that tailoring this model to the specific cell line, even using limited data and a relatively simple approach, leads to improved predictions of baseline behavior and response to drugs. This demonstrates the need and the feasibility to tailor models to individual cell lines, although a more refined approach will be needed to characterize individual currents, address differences in ion current kinetics, and further improve these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon Lok Lei
- Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Clerx
- Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ross H Johnstone
- Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victor Zamora
- Clyde Biosciences, BioCity Scotland, Newhouse, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Allan
- Clyde Biosciences, BioCity Scotland, Newhouse, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Clyde Biosciences, BioCity Scotland, Newhouse, United Kingdom
| | - David J Gavaghan
- Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liudmila Polonchuk
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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120
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from Newborns with Spina Bifida Aperta. Asian Spine J 2017; 11:870-879. [PMID: 29279741 PMCID: PMC5738307 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2017.11.6.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design We established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) from three newborns with spina bifida aperta (SBa) using clinically practical methods. Purpose We aimed to develop stem cell lines derived from newborns with SBa for future therapeutic use. Overview of Literature SBa is a common congenital spinal cord abnormality that causes defects in neurological and urological functions. Stem cell transplantation therapies are predicted to provide beneficial effects for patients with SBa. However, the availability of appropriate cell sources is inadequate for clinical use because of their limited accessibility and expandability, as well as ethical issues. Methods Fibroblast cultures were established from small fragments of skin obtained from newborns with SBa during SBa repair surgery. The cultured cells were transfected with episomal plasmid vectors encoding reprogramming factors necessary for generating iPSCs. These cells were then differentiated into NSPCs by chemical compound treatment, and NSPCs were expanded using neurosphere technology. Results We successfully generated iPSC lines from the neonatal dermal fibroblasts of three newborns with SBa. We confirmed that these lines exhibited the characteristics of human pluripotent stem cells. We successfully generated NSPCs from all SBa newborn-derived iPSCs with a combination of neural induction and neurosphere technology. Conclusions We successfully generated iPSCs and iPSC-NSPCs from surgical samples obtained from newborns with SBa with the goal of future clinical use in patients with SBa.
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121
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Cota-Coronado JA, Sandoval-Ávila S, Gaytan-Dávila YP, Diaz NF, Vega-Ruiz B, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz-Martínez NE. New transgenic models of Parkinson's disease using genome editing technology. Neurologia 2017; 35:486-499. [PMID: 29196142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which results in dopamine depletion, leading to a number of motor and non-motor symptoms. DEVELOPMENT In recent years, the development of new animal models using nuclease-based genome-editing technology (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases) has enabled the introduction of custom-made modifications into the genome to replicate key features of PD, leading to significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. CONCLUSIONS We review the most recent studies on this new generation of in vitro and in vivo PD models, which replicate the most relevant symptoms of the disease and enable better understanding of the aetiology and mechanisms of PD. This may be helpful in the future development of effective treatments to halt or slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cota-Coronado
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - S Sandoval-Ávila
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Y P Gaytan-Dávila
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - N F Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - B Vega-Ruiz
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - E Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - N E Díaz-Martínez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México.
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122
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Fukuhara S, Masaoka T, Nishimura S, Nakamura M, Matsuzaki J, Tsugawa H, Miyoshi S, Mori H, Kawase S, Shibata S, Okano H, Kanai T, Suzuki H. Enteric Glial Dysfunction Evoked by Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Contributes to Delayed Gastric Emptying. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3359-3369. [PMID: 29098550 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Diabetes is the main cause of gastroparesis accompanying decreased neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in myenteric ganglia of the stomach. Decreased nNOS expression in the stomach also results from defects in apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which is secreted by astrocytes and has neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system. However, the roles of ApoE and enteric glial cells on gastric motility are uncertain. In this study, ApoE and enteric glial cell alterations in gastroparesis were investigated. METHODS Type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice and ApoE-knockout mice were analyzed. Gastric emptying was measured using the 13C acetic acid breath test. Expression levels of the pan-neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), and glial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Neural stem cells (NSCs) were injected into the gastric antral wall of ApoE-knockout mice. RESULTS Delayed gastric emptying was observed in 27% of db/db mice with significant decreases in serum ApoE levels and GFAP expression in the gastric antrum. Gastric emptying was also delayed in ApoE-knockout mice, with a significant decrease in GFAP expression, but no change in PGP 9.5 expression. Transplantation of NSCs improved gastric emptying in ApoE-knockout mice through supplementation of GFAP-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that decreased enteric glial cells in ApoE-knockout mice are crucial for development of delayed gastric emptying, and NSC transplantation is effective in restoring myenteric ganglia and gastric motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Fukuhara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Masaoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soraya Nishimura
- Department of Orthopedics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawase
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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123
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Furukawa JI, Okada K, Shinohara Y. Glycomics of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:807-815. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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124
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Kawamura R, Miyazaki M, Shimizu K, Matsumoto Y, Silberberg YR, Sathuluri RR, Iijima M, Kuroda S, Iwata F, Kobayashi T, Nakamura C. A New Cell Separation Method Based on Antibody-Immobilized Nanoneedle Arrays for the Detection of Intracellular Markers. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7117-7124. [PMID: 29047282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Focusing on intracellular targets, we propose a new cell separation technique based on a nanoneedle array (NNA) device, which allows simultaneous insertion of multiple needles into multiple cells. The device is designed to target and lift ("fish") individual cells from a mixed population of cells on a substrate using an antibody-functionalized NNA. The mechanics underlying this approach were validated by force analysis using an atomic force microscope. Accurate high-throughput separation was achieved using one-to-one contacts between the nanoneedles and the cells by preparing a single-cell array in which the positions of the cells were aligned with 10,000 nanoneedles in the NNA. Cell-type-specific separation was realized by controlling the adhesion force so that the cells could be detached in cell-type-independent manner. Separation of nestin-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) was demonstrated using the proposed technology, and successful differentiation to neuronal cells was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuzo Kawamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Minami Miyazaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keita Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yaron R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ramachandra Rao Sathuluri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-Sanken), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-Sanken), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Research Center for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering, AIST , 1-2-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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125
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López-León M, Outeiro TF, Goya RG. Cell reprogramming: Therapeutic potential and the promise of rejuvenation for the aging brain. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:168-181. [PMID: 28903069 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, with Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) disease being the most conspicuous examples. Within this context, the absence of efficacious therapies for most age-related brain pathologies has increased the interest in regenerative medicine. In particular, cell reprogramming technologies have ushered in the era of personalized therapies that not only show a significant potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases but also promise to make biological rejuvenation feasible. We will first review recent evidence supporting the emerging view that aging is a reversible epigenetic phenomenon. Next, we will describe novel reprogramming approaches that overcome some of the intrinsic limitations of conventional induced-pluripotent-stem-cell technology. One of the alternative approaches, lineage reprogramming, consists of the direct conversion of one adult cell type into another by transgenic expression of multiple lineage-specific transcription factors (TF). Another strategy, termed pluripotency factor-mediated direct reprogramming, uses universal TF to generate epigenetically unstable intermediates able to differentiate into somatic cell types in response to specific differentiation factors. In the third part we will review studies showing the potential relevance of the above approaches for the treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela López-León
- Institute for Biochemical Research (INIBIOLP) - Histology B & Pathology B, School of Medicine, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodolfo G Goya
- Institute for Biochemical Research (INIBIOLP) - Histology B & Pathology B, School of Medicine, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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Fujimori K, Matsumoto T, Kisa F, Hattori N, Okano H, Akamatsu W. Escape from Pluripotency via Inhibition of TGF-β/BMP and Activation of Wnt Signaling Accelerates Differentiation and Aging in hPSC Progeny Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1675-1691. [PMID: 29107593 PMCID: PMC5831048 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a potentially valuable cell source for applications in cell replacement therapy, drug development, and disease modeling. For all these uses, it is necessary to develop reproducible and robust protocols for differentiation into desired cell types. However, differentiation protocols remain unstable and inefficient, which makes minimizing the differentiation variance among hPSC lines and obtaining purified terminally differentiated cells extremely time consuming. Here, we report a simple treatment with three small molecules—SB431542, dorsomorphine, and CHIR99021—that enhanced hPSC differentiation into three germ layers with a chemically transitional embryoid-body-like state (CTraS). Induction of CTraS reduced the innate differentiation propensities of hPSCs (even unfavorably differentiated hPSCs) and shifted their differentiation into terminally differentiated cells, particularly neurons. In addition, CTraS induction accelerated in vitro pathological expression concurrently with neural maturation. Thus, CTraS can promote the latent potential of hPSCs for differentiation and potentially expand the utility and applicability of hPSCs. CTraS induction enhances hPSC differentiation into three germ layers without bias CTraS induction is applicable to a wide range of hPSCs even without colony selection Developing a robust neural induction protocol via CTraS for hPSC disease modeling CTraS induction promotes in vitro pathological expression with maturation and aging
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Fujimori
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kisa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
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127
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Low immunogenicity of mouse induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12996. [PMID: 29021610 PMCID: PMC5636829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving the immunogenicity of cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remains an important challenge for cell transplant strategies that use banked allogeneic cells. Thus, we evaluated the immunogenicity of mouse fetal neural stem/progenitor cells (fetus-NSPCs) and iPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (iPSC-NSPCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry revealed the low expression of immunological surface antigens, and these cells survived in all mice when transplanted syngeneically into subcutaneous tissue and the spinal cord. In contrast, an allogeneic transplantation into subcutaneous tissue was rejected in all mice, and allogeneic cells transplanted into intact and injured spinal cords survived for 3 months in approximately 20% of mice. In addition, cell survival was increased after co-treatment with an immunosuppressive agent. Thus, the immunogenicity and post-transplantation immunological dynamics of iPSC-NSPCs resemble those of fetus-NSPCs.
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128
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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent adriamycin nephropathy in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103640-103656. [PMID: 29262590 PMCID: PMC5732756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs) are emerging as attractive options for use in cell replacement therapy, but their effect in kidney diseases remains unknown. Here, we showed that intravenous injection of iPS-MSCs protect against renal function loss in both short-term and long-term models of adriamycin nephropathy (AN). In the short-term AN model, iPS-MSCs conferred a substantial anti-apoptotic effect on tubular cells, associated with a downregulation of Bax and Bax/Bcl2 ratio and an upregulation of survivin expression. In vitro, conditioned medium from iPS-MSCs (iPSMSC-CM) significantly limited albumin-induced tubular apoptosis and enhanced tubular proliferation, accompanied by a reduced expression of tubular Bax and an elevated expression of Bcl2 and survivin. Oxidative stress was markedly attenuated by iPS-MSCs both in AN mice and in protein-overloaded tubular cells. In the long-term AN model, repeated injections of iPS-MSCs significantly inhibited tubulointerstitial fibrosis and reduced intrarenal deposition of collagen I, collagen IV and αSMA. Modulation of the hedgehog signaling pathway contributed to the anti-fibrotic effect of iPS-MSCs in chronic AN. Finally, we detected that most of the infused iPS-MSCs were entrapped in the lungs. In conclusion, our data support a beneficial role of iPS-MSCs in both acute and chronic AN.
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129
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(Re-)programming of subtype specific cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:142-167. [PMID: 28916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) possess a highly restricted intrinsic regenerative potential - a major barrier to the effective treatment of a range of chronic degenerative cardiac disorders characterized by cellular loss and/or irreversible dysfunction and which underlies the majority of deaths in developed countries. Both stem cell programming and direct cell reprogramming hold promise as novel, potentially curative approaches to address this therapeutic challenge. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has introduced a second pluripotent stem cell source besides embryonic stem cells (ESCs), enabling even autologous cardiomyocyte production. In addition, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming somatic cells into cardiomyocytes is likely to become of great importance. In either case, different clinical scenarios will require the generation of highly pure, specific cardiac cellular-subtypes. In this review, we discuss these themes as related to the cardiovascular stem cell and programming field, including a focus on the emergent topic of pacemaker cell generation for the development of biological pacemakers and in vitro drug testing.
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130
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Miyawaki S, Okada Y, Okano H, Miura K. Teratoma Formation Assay for Assessing Pluripotency and Tumorigenicity of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2518. [PMID: 34541178 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) form teratomas when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. As teratomas contain all three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm), teratoma formation assay is widely used as an index of pluripotency (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Hentze et al., 2009 ; Gropp et al., 2012 ). On the other hand, teratoma-forming tumorigenicity also represents a major risk factor impeding potential clinical applications of pluripotent stem cells ( Miura et al., 2009 ; Okano et al., 2013 ). Recently, we reported that iPSCs derived from naked mole-rat lack teratoma-forming tumorigenicity when engrafted into the testes of non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice due to an ES cell-expressed Ras (ERAS) and Alternative reading frame (ARF)-dependent tumor-suppression mechanism specific to this species ( Miyawaki et al., 2016 ). Here, we describe a method for transplanting pluripotent stem cells into the testes of NOD/SCID mice to generate teratomas for assessing the pluripotency and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Miyawaki
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Epigenome Dynamics, Institute for Advanced Medical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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131
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Epigenetic regulation of neural stem cell differentiation towards spinal cord regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:189-199. [PMID: 28695279 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to almost complete neural cell loss at the injured site, causing the irreversible disruption of neuronal circuits. The transplantation of neural stem or precursor cells (NS/PCs) has been regarded as potentially effective for SCI treatment because NS/PCs can compensate for the injured sites by differentiating into neurons and glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the proliferation, fate specification and maturation of NS/PCs and their progeny would facilitate the establishment of better therapeutic strategies for regeneration after SCI. In recent years, several studies of SCI animal models have demonstrated that the modulation of specific epigenetic marks by histone modifiers and non-coding RNAs directs the setting of favorable cellular environments that promote the neuronal differentiation of NS/PCs and/or the elongation of the axons of the surviving neurons at the injured sites. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the epigenetic regulation/manipulation of neural cells for the treatment of SCI.
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132
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Choi H, Park KH, Lee AR, Mun CH, Shin YD, Park YB, Park YB. Control of dental-derived induced pluripotent stem cells through modified surfaces for dental application. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:309-318. [PMID: 28335666 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1303847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the behaviour of iPSc derived from dental stem cells in terms of initial adhesion, differentiation potential on differently surface-treated titanium disc. MATERIALS AND METHODS iPSc derived from human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were established using 4-reprogramming factors transduction with Sendai virus. The hGF-iPSc established in this study exhibited the morphology and growth properties similar to human embryonic stem (ES) cells and expressed pluripotency makers. Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) staining, Embryoid Body (EB) formation and in vitro differentiation and karyotyping further confirmed pluripotency of hGF-iPSc. Then, hGF-iPSc were cultured on machined- and Sandblasted and acid etched (SLA)-treated titanium discs with osteogenic induction medium and their morphological as well as quantitative changes according to different surface types were investigated using Alizrin Red S staining, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Flow cytometry and RT-PCR. RESULTS Time-dependent and surface-dependent morphological changes as well as quantitative change in osteogenic differentiation of hGF-iPSc were identified and osteogenic gene expression of hGF-iPSc cultured on SLA-treated titanium disc found to be greater than machined titanium disc, suggesting the fate of hGF-iPSc may be determined by the characteristics of surface to which hGF-iPSc first adhere. CONCLUSIONS iPSc derived from dental stem cell can be one of the most promising and practical cell sources for personalized regenerative dentistry and their morphological change as well as quantitative change in osteogenic differentiation according to different surface types may be further utilized for future clinical application incorporated with dental implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Dae Shin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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133
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Clinical Application of Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Alternative Cell-Based Therapy for Treating Liver Diseases? Transplantation 2017; 100:2548-2557. [PMID: 27495745 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide shortage of donor livers for organ and hepatocyte transplantation has prompted the search for alternative therapies for intractable liver diseases. Cell-based therapy is envisaged as a useful therapeutic option to recover and stabilize the lost metabolic function for acute liver failure, end-stage and congenital liver diseases, or for those patients who are not considered eligible for organ transplantation. In recent years, research to identify alternative and reliable cell sources for transplantation that can be derived by reproducible methods has been encouraged. Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which comprise both embryonic and induced PSCs, may offer many advantages as an alternative to hepatocytes for liver cell therapy. Their capacity for expansion, hepatic differentiation and self-renewal make them a promising source of unlimited numbers of hepatocyte-like cells for treating and repairing damaged livers. Immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of human PSCs remain the bottleneck for successful clinical application. However, recent advances made to develop disease-corrected hepatocyte-like cells from patients' human-induced PSCs by gene editing have opened up many potential gateways for the autologous treatment of hereditary liver diseases, which may likely reduce the risk of rejection and the need for lifelong immunosuppression. Well-defined methods to reduce the expression of oncogenic genes in induced PSCs, including protocols for their complete and safe hepatic differentiation, should be established to minimize the tumorigenicity of transplanted cells. On top of this, such new strategies are currently being rigorously tested and validated in preclinical studies before they can be safely transferred to clinical practice with patients.
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134
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An update on stem cell biology and engineering for brain development. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:808-819. [PMID: 28373686 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two recent technologies, induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct somatic reprogramming, have shown enormous potential for cell-based therapies against intractable diseases such as those that affect the central nervous system. Already, methods that generate most major cell types of the human brain exist. Whether the cell types are directly reprogrammed from human somatic cells or differentiated from an iPSC intermediate, the overview presented here demonstrates how these protocols vary greatly in their efficiencies, purity and maturation of the resulting cells. Possible solutions including micro-RNA switch technologies that purify target cell types are also outlined. Further, an update on the transition from 2D to 3D cultures and current organoid (mini-brain) cultures are reviewed to give the stem cell and developmental engineering communities an up-to-date account of the progress and future perspectives for modeling of central nervous system disease and brain development in vitro.
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135
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Efficient, Selective Removal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via Ecto-Alkaline Phosphatase-Mediated Aggregation of Synthetic Peptides. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:685-694.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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136
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Velasquez-Mao AJ, Tsao CJM, Monroe MN, Legras X, Bissig-Choisat B, Bissig KD, Ruano R, Jacot JG. Differentiation of spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes from non-virally reprogrammed human amniotic fluid stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177824. [PMID: 28545044 PMCID: PMC5435315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. The limiting factor in tissue engineering repair strategies is an autologous source of functional cardiomyocytes. Amniotic fluid contains an ideal cell source for prenatal harvest and use in correction of congenital heart defects. This study aims to investigate the potential of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSC) to undergo non-viral reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) followed by growth-factor-free differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes. AFSC from human second trimester amniotic fluid were transfected by non-viral vesicle fusion with modified mRNA of OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, LIN28, cMYC and nuclear GFP over 18 days, then differentiated using inhibitors of GSK3 followed 48 hours later by inhibition of WNT. AFSC-derived iPSC had high expression of OCT4, NANOG, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81 after 18 days of mRNA transfection and formed teratomas containing mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal germ layers in immunodeficient mice. By Day 30 of cardiomyocyte differentiation, cells contracted spontaneously, expressed connexin 43 and β-myosin heavy chain organized in sarcomeric banding patterns, expressed cardiac troponin T and β-myosin heavy chain, showed upregulation of NKX2.5, ISL-1 and cardiac troponin T with downregulation of POU5F1, and displayed calcium and voltage transients similar to those in developing cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that cells from human amniotic fluid can be differentiated through a pluripotent state into functional cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madeline N. Monroe
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Xavier Legras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Beatrice Bissig-Choisat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey G. Jacot
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Congenital Heart Surgery Service, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Bioengineering, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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137
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Lee IH, Huang SS, Chuang CY, Liao KH, Chang LH, Chuang CC, Su YS, Lin HJ, Hsieh JY, Su SH, Lee OKS, Kuo HC. Delayed epidural transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors enhances functional recovery after stroke. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1943. [PMID: 28512358 PMCID: PMC5434043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) are a promising source of tailor-made cell therapy for neurological diseases. However, major obstacles to clinical use still exist. To circumvent complications related to intracerebral administration, we implanted human iPSC-NPCs epidurally over the peri-infarct cortex 7 days after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats. Compared to controls, cell-treated rats showed significant improvements in paretic forelimb usage and grip strength from 10 days post-transplantation (dpt) onwards, as well as reductions in lesion volumes, inflammatory infiltration and astrogliosis at 21 dpt. Few iPSC-NPCs migrated into rat peri-infarct cortices and exhibited poor survival in tissue. To examine the paracrine therapeutic mechanisms of epidural iPSC-NPC grafts, we used transmembrane co-cultures of human iPSC-NPCs with rat cortical cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Compared to other human stem cells, iPSC-NPCs were superior at promoting neuronal survival and outgrowth, and mitigating astrogliosis. Using comparative whole-genome microarrays and cytokine neutralization, we identified a neurorestorative secretome from iPSC-NPCs, and neutralizing enriched cytokines abolished neuroprotective effects in co-cultures. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a relatively safe, yet effective epidural route for delivering human iPSC-NPCs, which acts predominately through discrete paracrine effects to promote functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hui Lee
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chuang
- Stem Cell Program, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsun Liao
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Su
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jui Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Su
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Stem Cell Program, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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138
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Nagoshi N, Okano H. Applications of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 2017; 141:848-860. [PMID: 28199003 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous basic research studies have suggested the potential efficacy of neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, in most such studies, the origin of the cells used was mainly fetal tissue or embryonic stem cells, both of which carry potential ethical concerns with respect to clinical use. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opened a new path toward regenerative medicine for SCI. iPSCs can be generated from somatic cells by induction of transcription factors, and induced to differentiate into NPCs with characteristics of cells of the central nervous system. The beneficial effect of iPSC-derived NPC transplantation has been reported from our group and others working in rodent and non-human primate models. These promising results facilitate the application of iPSCs for clinical applications in SCI patients. However, iPSCs also have issues, such as genetic/epigenetic abnormalities and tumorigenesis because of the artificial induction method, that must be addressed prior to clinical use. The selection of somatic cells, generation of integration-free iPSCs, and characterization of differentiated NPCs with thorough quality management are all needed to address these potential risks. To enhance the efficacy of the transplanted iPSC-NPCs, especially at chronic phase of SCI, administration of a chondroitinase or semaphorin3A inhibitor represents a potentially important means of promoting axonal regeneration through the lesion site. The combined use of rehabilitation with such cell therapy approaches is also important, as repetitive training enhances neurite outgrowth of transplanted cells and strengthens neural circuits at central pattern generators. Our group has already evaluated clinical grade iPSC-derived NPCs, and we look forward to initiating clinical testing as the next step toward determining whether this approach is safe and effective for clinical use. This article is part of the mini review series "60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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139
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Li Y, Green M, Wen Y, Wei Y, Wani P, Wang Z, Reijo Pera R, Chen B. Efficacy and Safety of Immuno-Magnetically Sorted Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Restoring Urethral Sphincter Function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1158-1167. [PMID: 28213970 PMCID: PMC5442833 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-based cell therapy holds promise for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, safety concerns, especially tumorgenic potential of residual undifferentiated cells in hiPSC derivatives, are major barriers for its clinical translation. An efficient, fast and clinical-scale strategy for purifying committed cells is also required. Our previous studies demonstrated the regenerative effects of hiPSC-derived smooth muscle progenitor cells (pSMCs) on the injured urethral sphincter in SUI, but the differentiation protocol required fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) which is not practical for autologous clinical applications. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of hiPSC-derived pSMC populations sorted by FDA-approved magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) using cell-surface marker CD34 for restoring urethral sphincter function. Although the heterogeneity of MACS-sorted pSMCs was higher than that of FACS-sorted pSMCs, the percentage of undifferentiated cells dramatically decreased after directed differentiation in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated long-term cell integration and no tumor formation of MACS-sorted pSMCs after transplantation. Furthermore, transplantation of MACS-sorted pSMCs into immunodeficient SUI rats was comparable to transplantation with FACS-sorted pSMCs for restoration of the extracellular matrix metabolism and function of the urethral sphincter. In summary, purification of hiPSC derivatives using MACS sorting for CD34 expression represent an efficient approach for production of clinical-scale pSMCs for autologous stem cell therapy for regeneration of smooth muscle tissues. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1158-1167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyThe People's Republic of China
| | - Morgaine Green
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford UniversityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Prachi Wani
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford UniversityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyNanFang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongThe People's Republic of China
| | - Renee Reijo Pera
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Bertha Chen
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
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140
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Steens J, Zuk M, Benchellal M, Bornemann L, Teichweyde N, Hess J, Unger K, Görgens A, Klump H, Klein D. In Vitro Generation of Vascular Wall-Resident Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature from Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:919-932. [PMID: 28366456 PMCID: PMC5390238 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular wall (VW) serves as a niche for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In general, tissue-specific stem cells differentiate mainly to the tissue type from which they derive, indicating that there is a certain code or priming within the cells as determined by the tissue of origin. Here we report the in vitro generation of VW-typical MSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), based on a VW-MSC-specific gene code. Using a lentiviral vector expressing the so-called Yamanaka factors, we reprogrammed tail dermal fibroblasts from transgenic mice containing the GFP gene integrated into the Nestin-locus (NEST-iPSCs) to facilitate lineage tracing after subsequent MSC differentiation. A lentiviral vector expressing a small set of recently identified human VW-MSC-specific HOX genes then induced MSC differentiation. This direct programming approach successfully mediated the generation of VW-typical MSCs with classical MSC characteristics, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro generation of (VW)-typical MSCs from iPSCs based on a specific HOX code Reprogrammed fibroblasts (NEST-iPSCs) facilitated lineage tracing A lentiviral vector expressing HOXB7, HOXC6, and HOXC8 induced MSC differentiation Generated VW-MSCs showed classical MSC characteristics in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Steens
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Zuk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Benchellal
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Teichweyde
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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141
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Fail-Safe System against Potential Tumorigenicity after Transplantation of iPSC Derivatives. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:673-684. [PMID: 28262544 PMCID: PMC5355810 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising in regenerative medicine. However, the risks of teratoma formation and the overgrowth of the transplanted cells continue to be major hurdles that must be overcome. Here, we examined the efficacy of the inducible caspase-9 (iCaspase9) gene as a fail-safe against undesired tumorigenic transformation of iPSC-derived somatic cells. We used a lentiviral vector to transduce iCaspase9 into two iPSC lines and assessed its efficacy in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the iCaspase9 system induced apoptosis in approximately 95% of both iPSCs and iPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (iPSC-NS/PCs). To determine in vivo function, we transplanted iPSC-NS/PCs into the injured spinal cord of NOD/SCID mice. All transplanted cells whose mass effect was hindering motor function recovery were ablated upon transduction of iCaspase9. Our results suggest that the iCaspase9 system may serve as an important countermeasure against post-transplantation adverse events in stem cell transplant therapies.
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142
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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of human iPS cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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143
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Bahmad H, Hadadeh O, Chamaa F, Cheaito K, Darwish B, Makkawi AK, Abou-Kheir W. Modeling Human Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neuronal Differentiation and Its Applications in Neurotrauma. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:50. [PMID: 28293168 PMCID: PMC5329035 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the help of several inducing factors, somatic cells can be reprogrammed to become induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) lines. The success is in obtaining iPSCs almost identical to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), therefore various approaches have been tested and ultimately several ones have succeeded. The importance of these cells is in how they serve as models to unveil the molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying several human diseases, and also in its potential roles in the development of regenerative medicine. They further aid in the development of regenerative medicine, autologous cell therapy and drug or toxicity screening. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development in the field of iPSCs research, specifically for modeling human neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, and its applications in neurotrauma. These are mainly characterized by progressive functional or structural neuronal loss rendering them extremely challenging to manage. Many of these diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been explored in vitro. The main purpose is to generate patient-specific iPS cell lines from the somatic cells that carry mutations or genetic instabilities for the aim of studying their differentiation potential and behavior. This new technology will pave the way for future development in the field of stem cell research anticipating its use in clinical settings and in regenerative medicine in order to treat various human diseases, including neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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144
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Leaw B, Zhu D, Tan J, Muljadi R, Saad MI, Mockler JC, Wallace EM, Lim R, Tolcos M. Human amnion epithelial cells rescue cell death via immunomodulation of microglia in a mouse model of perinatal brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28241859 PMCID: PMC5330154 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) are clonogenic and have been proposed to reduce inflammatory-induced tissue injury. Perturbation of the immune response is implicated in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury; modulating this response could thus be a novel therapy for treating or preventing such injury. The immunomodulatory properties of hAECs have been shown in other animal models, but a detailed investigation of the effects on brain immune cells following injury has not been undertaken. Here, we investigate the effects of hAECs on microglia, the first immune responders to injury within the brain. METHODS We generated a mouse model combining neonatal inflammation and perinatal hyperoxia, both of which are risk factors associated with perinatal brain injury. On embryonic day 16 we administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or saline (control), intra-amniotically to C57Bl/6 J mouse pups. On postnatal day (P)0, LPS pups were placed in hyperoxia (65% oxygen) and control pups in normoxia for 14 days. Pups were given either hAECs or saline intravenously on P4. RESULTS At P14, relative to controls, LPS and hyperoxia pups had reduced body weight, increased density of apoptotic cells (TUNEL) in the cortex, striatum and white matter, astrocytes (GFAP) in the white matter and activated microglia (CD68) in the cortex and striatum, but no change in total microglia density (Iba1). hAEC administration rescued the decreased body weight and reduced apoptosis and astrocyte areal coverage in the white matter, but increased the density of total and activated microglia. We then stimulated primary microglia (CD45lowCD11b+) with LPS for 24 h, followed by co-culture with hAEC conditioned medium for 48 h. hAEC conditioned medium increased microglial phagocytic activity, decreased microglia apoptosis and decreased M1 activation markers (CD86). Stimulating hAECs for 24 h with LPS did not alter release of cytokines known to modulate microglia activity. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that hAECs can directly immunomodulate brain microglia, probably via release of trophic factors. This observation offers promise that hAECs may afford therapeutic utility in the management of perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Leaw
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Jean Tan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Ruth Muljadi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Mohamed I. Saad
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Joanne C. Mockler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Euan M. Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
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145
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Iida T, Iwanami A, Sanosaka T, Kohyama J, Miyoshi H, Nagoshi N, Kashiwagi R, Toyama Y, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Analyses Revealed Epigenetic Instability in Tumorigenic Human iPS Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1316-1327. [PMID: 28142229 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derivatives are considered promising cellular resources for regenerative medicine, their tumorigenicity potentially limits their clinical application in hiPSC technologies. We previously demonstrated that oncogenic hiPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) produced tumor-like tissues that were distinct from teratomas. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumorigenicity in hiPSC-NS/PCs, we performed an integrated analysis using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array and the HumanHT-12 v4.0 Expression BeadChip array to compare the comprehensive DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of tumorigenic hiPSC-NS/PCs (253G1-NS/PCs) and non-tumorigenic cells (201B7-NS/PCs). Although the DNA methylation profiles of 253G1-hiPSCs and 201B7-hiPSCs were similar regardless of passage number, the methylation status of the global DNA methylation profiles of 253G1-NS/PCs and 201B7-NS/PCs differed; the genomic regions surrounding the transcriptional start site of the CAT and PSMD5 genes were hypermethylated in 253G1-NS/PCs but not in 201B7-NS/PCs. Interestingly, the aberrant DNA methylation profile was more pronounced in 253G1-NS/PCs that had been passaged more than 15 times. In addition, we identified aberrations in DNA methylation at the RBP1 gene locus; the DNA methylation frequency in RBP1 changed as 253G1-NS/PCs were sequentially passaged. These results indicate that different NS/PC clones have different DNA methylomes and that DNA methylation patterns are unstable as cells are passaged. Therefore, DNA methylation profiles should be included in the criteria used to evaluate the tumorigenicity of hiPSC-NS/PCs in the clinical setting. Stem Cells 2017;35:1316-1327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Iida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Iwanami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Kashiwagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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146
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Kropp EM, Broniowska KA, Waas M, Nycz A, Corbett JA, Gundry RL. Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Promotes Cell Survival During Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibition Through Increased Maintenance of Cellular Energy Stores. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1191-1201. [PMID: 28224719 PMCID: PMC5442850 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To address concerns regarding the tumorigenic potential of undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) that may remain after in vitro differentiation and ultimately limit the broad use of hPSC‐derivatives for therapeutics, we recently described a method to selectively eliminate tumorigenic hPSC from their progeny by inhibiting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Limited exposure to NAMPT inhibitors selectively removes hPSC from hPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CM) and spares a wide range of differentiated cell types; yet, it remains unclear when and how cells acquire resistance to NAMPT inhibition during differentiation. In this study, we examined the effects of NAMPT inhibition among multiple time points of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Overall, these studies show that in vitro cardiomyogenic commitment and continued culturing provides resistance to NAMPT inhibition and cell survival is associated with the ability to maintain cellular ATP pools despite depletion of NAD levels. Unlike cells at earlier stages of differentiation, day 28 hPSC‐CM can survive longer periods of NAMPT inhibition and maintain ATP generation by glycolysis and/or mitochondrial respiration. This is distinct from terminally differentiated fibroblasts, which maintain mitochondrial respiration during NAMPT inhibition. Overall, these results provide new mechanistic insight into how regulation of cellular NAD and energy pools change with hPSC‐CM differentiation and further inform how NAMPT inhibition strategies could be implemented within the context of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1191–1201
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Kropp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alyssa Nycz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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147
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Veraitch O, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Sasaki T, Okuno H, Tsukashima A, Amagai M, Okano H, Ohyama M. Induction of hair follicle dermal papilla cell properties in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived multipotent LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) mesenchymal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42777. [PMID: 28220862 PMCID: PMC5318903 DOI: 10.1038/srep42777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal papilla (DP) is a specialised mesenchymal component of the hair follicle (HF) that plays key roles in HF morphogenesis and regeneration. Current technical difficulties in preparing trichogenic human DP cells could be overcome by the use of highly proliferative and plastic human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In this study, hiPSCs were differentiated into induced mesenchymal cells (iMCs) with a bone marrow stromal cell phenotype. A highly proliferative and plastic LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) subset of iMCs was subsequently programmed using retinoic acid and DP cell activating culture medium to acquire DP properties. The resultant cells (induced DP-substituting cells [iDPSCs]) exhibited up-regulated DP markers, interacted with human keratinocytes to up-regulate HF related genes, and when co-grafted with human keratinocytes in vivo gave rise to fibre structures with a hair cuticle-like coat resembling the hair shaft, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope analysis. Furthermore, iDPSCs responded to the clinically used hair growth reagent, minoxidil sulfate, to up-regulate DP genes, further supporting that they were capable of, at least in part, reproducing DP properties. Thus, LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) iMCs may provide material for HF bioengineering and drug screening for hair diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophelia Veraitch
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shiojicho 89-1, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- KOSÉ Endowed Program for Skin Care and Allergy Prevention, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hironobu Okuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Aki Tsukashima
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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148
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Tateno H, Hiemori K, Hirayasu K, Sougawa N, Fukuda M, Warashina M, Amano M, Funakoshi T, Sadamura Y, Miyagawa S, Saito A, Sawa Y, Shofuda T, Sumida M, Kanemura Y, Nakamura M, Okano H, Onuma Y, Ito Y, Asashima M, Hirabayashi J. Development of a practical sandwich assay to detect human pluripotent stem cells using cell culture media. Regen Ther 2017; 6:1-8. [PMID: 30271833 PMCID: PMC6134905 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are considered to be ideal cell sources for regenerative medicine, but their clinical and industrial application is hindered by their tumorigenic potential. Previously we have identified a pluripotent stem cell-specific lectin rBC2LCN recognizing podocalyxin as a cell surface ligand. More recently, podocalyxin was found to be a soluble ligand of rBC2LCN that is secreted specifically from human pluripotent stem cells into cell culture media. Taking advantage of this phenomenon, we have previously developed a sandwich assay targeting the soluble podocalyxin using rBC2LCN as a capturing probe and another lectin rABA as an overlay probe to detect human pluripotent stem cells residing in cell therapy products derived from human pluripotent stem cells. A drawback to this, however, was that cell culture media containing fetal bovine serum was found to cause a substantial background signal to the sandwich assay. To reduce the background and increase the sensitivity, we screened different overlay probes to detect the soluble podocalyxin. Among them, an anti-keratan sulfate monoclonal antibody called R-10G showed the highest sensitivity and provided a low background signal to fetal bovine serum. The established sandwich assay using rBC2LCN and R-10G was proved to be powerful, which allowed the high-sensitive detection of human induced pluripotent stem cells residing among clinical-grade cardiomyocytes and neural stem cells, both derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The developed method has a possibility to be a standard technology to detect human induced pluripotent stem cells resided in various types of cell therapy products. A nondestructive method was developed to detect undifferentiated cells. The developed method is applicable to hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. The developed method is applicable to hiPSC-derived neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tateno
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Keiko Hiemori
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazunari Hirayasu
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 6-1 Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Nagako Sougawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuda
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 6-1 Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Masaki Warashina
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 6-1 Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Makoto Amano
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 6-1 Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Taku Funakoshi
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 6-1 Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Yoshifusa Sadamura
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 6-1 Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Miho Sumida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, 540-0006, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuko Onuma
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
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149
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Jung JH, Fu X, Yang PC. Exosomes Generated From iPSC-Derivatives: New Direction for Stem Cell Therapy in Human Heart Diseases. Circ Res 2017; 120:407-417. [PMID: 28104773 PMCID: PMC5260934 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in modern society. The adult heart innately lacks the capacity to repair and regenerate the damaged myocardium from ischemic injury. Limited understanding of cardiac tissue repair process hampers the development of effective therapeutic solutions to treat CVD such as ischemic cardiomyopathy. In recent years, rapid emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes presents a valuable opportunity to replenish the functional cells to the heart. The therapeutic effects of iPSC-derived cells have been investigated in many preclinical studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of iPSC-derived cell therapy are still unclear, and limited engraftment of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is well known. One facet of their mechanism is the paracrine effect of the transplanted cells. Microvesicles such as exosomes secreted from the iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exert protective effects by transferring the endogenous molecules to salvage the injured neighboring cells by regulating apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we will focus on the current advances in the exosomes from iPSC derivatives and discuss their therapeutic potential in the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jung
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Xuebin Fu
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
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Pen AE, Jensen UB. Current status of treating neurodegenerative disease with induced pluripotent stem cells. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:57-72. [PMID: 26748435 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative diseases of the brain have proven challenging to treat, let alone cure. One of the treatment options is the use of stem cell therapy, which has been under investigation for several years. However, treatment with stem cells comes with a number of drawbacks, for instance the source of these cells. Currently, a number of options are tested to produce stem cells, although the main issues of quantity and ethics remain for most of them. Over recent years, the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been widely investigated and these cells seem promising for production of numerous different tissues both in vitro and in vivo. One of the major advantages of iPSCs is that they can be made autologous and can provide a sufficient quantity of cells by culturing, making the use of other stem cell sources unnecessary. As the first descriptions of iPSC production with the transcription factors Sox2, Klf4, Oct4 and C-Myc, called the Yamanaka factors, a variety of methods has been developed to convert somatic cells from all germ layers to pluripotent stem cells. Improvement of these methods is necessary to increase the efficiency of reprogramming, the quality of pluripotency and the safety of these cells before use in human trials. This review focusses on the current accomplishments and remaining challenges in the production and use of iPSCs for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Pen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Tjele Denmark
| | - U. B. Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
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