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Imam MU, Ismail M. The Impact of Traditional Food and Lifestyle Behavior on Epigenetic Burden of Chronic Disease. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2017; 1:1700043. [PMID: 31565292 PMCID: PMC6607231 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The mismatch between present day diets and ancestral genome is suggested to contribute to the NCCDs burden, which is promoted by traditional risk factors like unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco. However, epigenetic evidence now suggests that cumulatively inherited epigenetic modifications may have made humans more prone to the effects of present day lifestyle factors. Perinatal starvation was widespread in the 19th century. This together with more recent events like increasing consumption of western and low fiber diets, smoking, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and environmental pollutants may have programed the human epigenome for higher NCCDs risk. In this review, on the basis of available epigenetic data it is hypothesized that transgenerational effects of lifestyle factors may be contributing to the current global burden of NCCDs. Thus, there is a need to reconsider prevention strategies so that the subsequent generations will not have to pay for our sins and those of our ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha U. Imam
- Precision Nutrition Innovation InstituteCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular BiomedicineInstitute of BioscienceUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor43400Malaysia
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102
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Fadel A, Mahmoud AM, Ashworth JJ, Li W, Ng YL, Plunkett A. Health-related effects and improving extractability of cereal arabinoxylans. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:819-831. [PMID: 29133103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are major dietary fibers. They are composed of backbone chains of β-(1-4)-linked xylose residues to which α-l-arabinose are linked in the second and/or third carbon positions. Recently, AXs have attracted a great deal of attention because of their biological activities such as their immunomodulatory potential. Extraction of AXs has some difficulties; therefore, various methods have been used to increase the extractability of AXs with varying degrees of success, such as alkaline, enzymatic, mechanical extraction. However, some of these treatments have been reported to be either expensive, such as enzymatic treatments, or produce hazardous wastes and are non-environmentally friendly, such as alkaline treatments. On the other hand, mechanical assisted extraction, especially extrusion cooking, is an innovative pre-treatment that has been used to increase the solubility of AXs. The aim of the current review article is to point out the health-related effects and to discuss the current research on the extraction methods of AXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmannan Fadel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition at the Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jason J Ashworth
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- Institute of Food Science & Innovation, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Lam Ng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Plunkett
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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103
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Rivet D, Nelson O, Vella C, Jansen H, Robbins C. Systemic effects of a high saturated fat diet in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food sources for North America’s grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) population have changed as habitats have fragmented, altering available resources and putting bears in contact with unnatural foods. Bears have evolved mechanisms to tolerate obesity, and do not develop adverse health consequences despite storing massive amounts of body fat. Captive adult grizzly bears were used to determine the effects of dietary fat on health. Group 1 was fed a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) wherein 9.5% of available calories came from saturated fatty acids (SFA). Group 2 was fed a diet wherein 28.8% of calories came from SFA. Plasma fatty acids, serum lipid profiles, insulin, inflammatory markers, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cardiac function parameters were measured. Serum lipids, SFA, and insulin did not differ between the two groups, although omega-3 fatty acids differed. Bears eating the SFA diet had significantly higher circulating adiponectin, interleukin-7 and interleukin-15, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mild, asymptomatic systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were detected by strain echocardiography in the SFA group. The SFA diet group exhibited higher diastolic arterial pressures. Even though mild metabolic derangements were observed, grizzly bears were remarkably resistant to metabolic effects of diets high in SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.R. Rivet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - O.L. Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - C.A. Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - H.T. Jansen
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - C.T. Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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104
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Htun NC, Suga H, Imai S, Shimizu W, Takimoto H. Food intake patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese adults: analyses from the 2012 National Health and nutrition survey, Japan. Nutr J 2017; 16:61. [PMID: 28927404 PMCID: PMC5605968 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing global interest in the role of Japanese diet as a possible explanation for the nation's healthy diet, which contributes to the world's highest life-expectancy enjoyed in Japan. However, nationwide studies on current food intake status among general Japanese population have not been established yet. This study examined the association between food intake patterns and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (SBP, DBP), HbA1c and blood lipid profiles among general Japanese adults. METHODS De-identified data on the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) 2012 with a total of 11,365 subjects aged 20-84 years were applied. Food intake patterns were derived by principal component analysis (PCA) based on 98 food groups. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to assess the relation between the food intake patterns and CVRF. RESULTS We identified three food intake patterns: traditional Japanese, Westernized, and meat and fat patterns. Traditional Japanese pattern was significantly related to high WC and BMI in men, and high DBP in women. Westernized pattern was associated with lower SBP, but high total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in both men and women. Meat and fat pattern was associated with high WC, high BMI, high blood pressure and blood lipid profiles in both men and women (trend P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The significant association between cardiovascular disease risks and three food intake patterns derived from the NHNS, showed a similar tendency to other dietary survey methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nay Chi Htun
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Hitomi Suga
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Shino Imai
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Wakana Shimizu
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
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105
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Liu AG, Ford NA, Hu FB, Zelman KM, Mozaffarian D, Kris-Etherton PM. A healthy approach to dietary fats: understanding the science and taking action to reduce consumer confusion. Nutr J 2017; 16:53. [PMID: 28854932 PMCID: PMC5577766 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers are often confused about nutrition research findings and recommendations. As content experts, it is essential that nutrition scientists communicate effectively. A case-study of the history of dietary fat science and recommendations is presented, summarizing presentations from an Experimental Biology Symposium that addressed techniques for effective scientific communication and used the scientific discourse of public understanding of dietary fats and health as an example of challenges in scientific communication. Decades of dietary recommendations have focused on balancing calorie intake and energy expenditure and decreasing fat. Reducing saturated fat has been a cornerstone of dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. However, evidence from observational studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrates that replacing saturated fat with carbohydrates, specifically refined, has no benefit on CVD risk, while substituting polyunsaturated fats for either saturated fat or carbohydrate reduces risk. A significant body of research supports the unique health benefits of dietary patterns and foods that contain plant and marine sources of unsaturated fats. Yet, after decades of focus on low-fat diets, many consumers, food manufacturers, and restauranteurs remain confused about the role of dietary fats on disease risk and sources of healthy fats. Shifting dietary recommendations to focus on food-based dietary patterns would facilitate translation to the public and potentially remedy widespread misperceptions about what constitutes a healthful dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann G. Liu
- Freelance Medical Writer, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Nikki A. Ford
- Director of Nutrition, Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, CA USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | | | | | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA USA
- 319 Chandlee Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802 USA
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106
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Processed red meat contribution to dietary patterns and the associated cardio-metabolic outcomes. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:222-228. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEvidence suggests that processed red meat consumption is a risk factor for CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This analysis investigates the association between dietary patterns, their processed red meat contributions, and association with blood biomarkers of CVD and T2D, in 786 Irish adults (18–90 years) using cross-sectional data from a 2011 national food consumption survey. All meat-containing foods consumed were assigned to four food groups (n 502) on the basis of whether they contained red or white meat and whether they were processed or unprocessed. The remaining foods (n 2050) were assigned to twenty-nine food groups. Two-step and k-means cluster analyses were applied to derive dietary patterns. Nutrient intakes, plasma fatty acids and biomarkers of CVD and T2D were assessed. A total of four dietary patterns were derived. In comparison with the pattern with lower contributions from processed red meat, the dietary pattern with greater processed red meat intakes presented a poorer Alternate Healthy Eating Index (21·2 (sd 7·7)), a greater proportion of smokers (29 %) and lower plasma EPA (1·34 (sd 0·72) %) and DHA (2·21 (sd 0·84) %) levels (P<0·001). There were no differences in classical biomarkers of CVD and T2D, including serum cholesterol and insulin, across dietary patterns. This suggests that the consideration of processed red meat consumption as a risk factor for CVD and T2D may need to be re-assessed.
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107
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Wang C, Li W, Yin L, Bo J, Peng Y, Wang Y. Comparison of healthy lifestyle behaviors among individuals with and without cardiovascular diseases from urban and rural areas in China: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181981. [PMID: 28771516 PMCID: PMC5542534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to explore the gap of prevalence of healthy lifestyle behaviors including smoking cessation, quitting drinking, physical activity and healthy eating between Chinese adults with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods This study is a cross-sectional component of Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE)-China study, which recruited ~46,000 participants from 70 rural and 45 urban communities between 2005 and 2009. Participants were divided into disease (with CVDs) and control (without any diseases) groups. The adjusted rates were estimated for different strata by the generalized, linear mixed-effects model, including community as a random effect with additional adjustment for age, sex, education and income. Results Among 40,490 participants, <10% had all four healthy lifestyle behaviors (disease group versus control group: urban areas: 7.8% versus 8.1%; rural areas: 3.4% versus 3.2%). The rates of smoking cessation and quitting drinking were significantly higher in disease group for both urban and rural residents (P<0.001). In urban areas, higher rates were observed in all other three healthy lifestyle behaviors except physical activity in low-income regions (P<0.05). Similarly, the higher trends were observed for stopping smoking and drinking while opposite trends for healthy eating among rural residents from low-income regions (P<0.05). Conclusions Our study showed that the prevalence of adopting all four behaviors was low among Chinese adults. Individuals with CVDs were more likely to follow healthy lifestyle behaviors, but it still indicated a large gap between the actual and ideal adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors, which called for the promotion of population-wide strategies to modify lifestyle behaviors in addition to individual health-care intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangshi Wang
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Mentougou District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Mentougou District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lu Yin
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Mentougou District, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Bo
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Mentougou District, Beijing, China
| | - Yaguang Peng
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Mentougou District, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Mentougou District, Beijing, China
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108
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Bile acids and colon cancer: Is FXR the solution of the conundrum? Mol Aspects Med 2017; 56:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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109
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Ma W, Hagan KA, Heianza Y, Sun Q, Rimm EB, Qi L. Adult height, dietary patterns, and healthy aging. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:589-596. [PMID: 28592610 PMCID: PMC5525116 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.147256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adult height has shown directionally diverse associations with several age-related disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, decline in cognitive function, and mortality.Objective: We investigated the associations of adult height with healthy aging measured by a full spectrum of health outcomes, including incidence of chronic diseases, memory, physical functioning, and mental health, among populations who have survived to older age, and whether lifestyle factors modified such relations.Design: We included 52,135 women (mean age: 44.2 y) from the Nurses' Health Study without chronic diseases in 1980 and whose health status was available in 2012. Healthy aging was defined as being free of 11 major chronic diseases and having no reported impairment of subjective memory, physical impairment, or mental health limitations.Results: Of all eligible study participants, 6877 (13.2%) were classified as healthy agers. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, we observed an 8% (95% CI: 6%, 11%) decrease in the odds of healthy aging per SD (0.062 m) increase in height. Compared with the lowest category of height (≤1.57 m), the OR of achieving healthy aging in the highest category (≥1.70 m) was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.87; P-trend < 0.001). In addition, we found a significant interaction of height with a prudent dietary pattern in relation to healthy aging (P-interaction = 0.005), and among the individual dietary factors characterizing the prudent dietary pattern, fruit and vegetable intake showed the strongest effect modification (P-interaction = 0.01). The association of greater height with reduced odds of healthy aging appeared to be more evident among women with higher adherence to the prudent dietary pattern rich in vegetable and fruit intake.Conclusions: Greater height was associated with a modest decrease in the likelihood of healthy aging. A prudent diet rich in fruit and vegetables might modify the relation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; and
| | - Qi Sun
- Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA;,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology and,Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA;,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Departments of Epidemiology and .,Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; and.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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110
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Raza GS, Putaala H, Hibberd AA, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K, Mäkelä KA, Herzig KH. Polydextrose changes the gut microbiome and attenuates fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels in Western diet fed mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5294. [PMID: 28706193 PMCID: PMC5509720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidemia are hallmarks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Polydextrose (PDX), a soluble fiber has lipid lowering effects. We hypothesize that PDX reduces triglycerides and cholesterol by influencing gut microbiota, which in turn modulate intestinal gene expression. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a Western diet (WD) ±75 mg PDX twice daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily. Fasting plasma lipids, caecal microbiota and gene expression in intestine and liver were measured after 14 days of feeding. PDX supplementation to WD significantly reduced food intake (p < 0.001), fasting plasma triglyceride (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium and Coriobacteriaceae taxa associated with lean phenotype, increased in WD + PDX mice. Gene expression analysis with linear mixed-effects model showed consistent downregulation of Dgat1, Cd36, Fiaf and upregulation of Fxr in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in WD + PDX mice. Spearman correlations indicated that genera enriched in WD + PDX mice inversely correlated with fasting lipids and downregulated genes Dgat1, Cd36 and Fiaf while positively with upregulated gene Fxr. These results suggest that PDX in mice fed WD promoted systemic changes via regulation of the gut microbiota and gene expression in intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Putaala
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Ashley A Hibberd
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Genomics & Microbiome Science, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kirsti Tiihonen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Kari Antero Mäkelä
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. .,Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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111
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Medina-Remón A, Kirwan R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Estruch R. Dietary patterns and the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:262-296. [PMID: 27127938 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1158690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the development chronic diseases; however the full complexity of this relationship is not yet understood. Dietary pattern investigation, which reflects the complexity of dietary intake, has emerged as an alternative and complementary approach for examining the association between diet and chronic diseases. Literature on this association has largely focused on individual nutrients, with conflicting outcomes, but individuals consume a combination of foods from many groups that form dietary patterns. Our objective was to systematically review the current findings on the effects of dietary patterns on chronic diseases. In this review, we describe and discuss the relationships between dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, Prudent, Seventh-day Adventists, and Western, with risk of obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenearive diseases. Evidence is increasing from both observational and clinical studies that plant-based dietary patterns, which are rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are valuable in preventing various chronic diseases, whereas a diet high in red and processed meat, refined grains and added sugar seems to increase said risk. Dietary pattern analysis might be especially valuable to the development and evaluation of food-based dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Medina-Remón
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Richard Kirwan
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy . School of Pharmacy and Food Science. INSA-UB. University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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112
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Guénard F, Bouchard-Mercier A, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. Genome-Wide Association Study of Dietary Pattern Scores. Nutrients 2017; 9:E649. [PMID: 28644415 PMCID: PMC5537769 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns, representing global food supplies rather than specific nutrients or food intakes, have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. The contribution of genetic factors in the determination of food intakes, preferences and dietary patterns has been previously established. The current study aimed to identify novel genetic factors associated with reported dietary pattern scores. Reported dietary patterns scores were derived from reported dietary intakes for the preceding month and were obtained through a food frequency questionnaire and genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in a study sample of 141 individuals. Reported Prudent and Western dietary patterns demonstrated nominal associations (p < 1 × 10-5) with 78 and 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Among these, SNPs annotated to genes previously associated with neurological disorders, CVD risk factors and obesity were identified. Further assessment of SNPs demonstrated an impact on gene expression levels in blood for SNPs located within/near BCKDHB (p = 0.02) and the hypothalamic glucosensor PFKFB3 (p = 0.0004) genes, potentially mediated through an impact on the binding of transcription factors (TFs). Overrepresentations of glucose/energy homeostasis and hormone response TFs were also observed from SNP-surrounding sequences. Results from the current GWAS study suggest an interplay of genes involved in the metabolic response to dietary patterns on obesity, glucose metabolism and food-induced response in the brain in the adoption of dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Annie Bouchard-Mercier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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113
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Yao Y, Xiang H, You L, Cui C, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhao M. Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant capacities of polysaccharides obtained from Laminaria japonica
by different extraction media in diet-induced mouse model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Yao
- Food Department; Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College; Guangzhou Guangdong 510520 China
| | - Huan Xiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Lijun You
- College of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Chun Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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The effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on selected macronutrient and micronutrient intakes in four randomised-controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1270-1278. [PMID: 28535825 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is associated with reduced risk of a number of non-communicable diseases. Research tends to focus on antioxidants, flavonoids and polyphenols contained in FV as the main beneficial components to health; however, increasing FV may also alter overall diet profile. Extra FV may be substituted for foods thought to be less healthy, therefore altering the overall macronutrient and/or micronutrient content in the diet. This analysis merged dietary data from four intervention studies in participants with varying health conditions and examined the effect of increased FV consumption on diet profile. Dietary intake was assessed by either diet diaries or diet histories used in four FV randomised intervention studies. All food and drink intake recorded was analysed using WISP version 3.0, and FV portions were manually counted using household measures. Regression analysis revealed significant increases in intakes of energy (172 kJ (+41 kcal)), carbohydrate (+3·9 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)), total sugars (+6·0 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) and fibre (+0·8 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) and significant decreases in intakes of total fat (-1·4 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)), SFA (-0·6 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)), MUFA (-0·6 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)), PUFA (-0·1 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) and starch (-2·1 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) per one portion increase in FV. Significant percentage increases were also observed in vitamin C (+24 %) and -carotene (+20 %) intake, per one portion increase in FV. In conclusion, pooled analysis of four FV intervention studies, that used similar approaches to achieving dietary change, in participants with varying health conditions, demonstrated an increase in energy, total carbohydrate, sugars and fibre intake, and a decrease in fat intake alongside an expected increase in micronutrient intake.
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Gluba-Brzózka A. The Effect of Diet on the Survival of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:E495. [PMID: 28505087 PMCID: PMC5452225 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high and it is gradually increasing. Individuals with CKD should introduce appropriate measures to hamper the progression of kidney function deterioration as well as prevent the development or progression of CKD-related diseases. A kidney-friendly diet may help to protect kidneys from further damage. Patients with kidney damage should limit the intake of certain foods to reduce the accumulation of unexcreted metabolic products and also to protect against hypertension, proteinuria and other heart and bone health problems. Despite the fact that the influence of certain types of nutrients has been widely studied in relation to kidney function and overall health in CKD patients, there are few studies on the impact of a specific diet on their survival. Animal studies demonstrated prolonged survival of rats with CKD fed with protein-restricted diets. In humans, the results of studies are conflicting. Some of them indicate slowing down of the progression of kidney disease and reduction in proteinuria, but other underline significant worsening of patients' nutritional state, which can be dangerous. A recent systemic study revealed that a healthy diet comprising many fruits and vegetables, fish, legumes, whole grains, and fibers and also the cutting down on red meat, sodium, and refined sugar intake was associated with lower mortality in people with kidney disease. The aim of this paper is to review the results of studies concerning the impact of diet on the survival of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ciałkowska-Rysz
- Palliative Medicine Unit, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM Teaching Hospital of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
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Nanri A, Mizoue T, Shimazu T, Ishihara J, Takachi R, Noda M, Iso H, Sasazuki S, Sawada N, Tsugane S. Dietary patterns and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese men and women: The Japan public health center-based prospective study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174848. [PMID: 28445513 PMCID: PMC5405917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis showed an inverse association of a prudent/healthy dietary pattern with all-cause mortality and no association of a western/unhealthy dietary pattern. However, the association of distinctive dietary patterns of Japanese population with mortality remains unclear. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary patterns and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality among Japanese adults. METHODS Participants were 36,737 men and 44,983 women aged 45-74 years who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (1995-1998) and who had no history of serious disease. Dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis of the consumption of 134 food and beverage items ascertained by a food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios of death from the second survey to December 2012 were estimated using cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS A prudent dietary pattern, which was characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruit, soy products, potatoes, seaweed, mushrooms, and fish, was significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality for the highest versus lowest quartile of the prudent dietary pattern score were 0.82 (0.77 to 0.86) and 0.72 (0.64 to 0.79), respectively (P for trend <0.001 in both). A Westernized dietary pattern, characterized by high intake of meat, processed meat, bread, and dairy products, was also inversely associated with risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. A traditional Japanese dietary pattern was not associated with these risks. CONCLUSIONS The prudent and Westernized dietary patterns were associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Prevention Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Department of Nutrition Management, Sagami Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health, Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Prevention Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Stollman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Oakland, California and Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Abstract
Diet is likely to be an important determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In this article, we will review the evidence linking the consumption of fruit and vegetables and CVD risk. The initial evidence that fruit and vegetable consumption has a protective effect against CVD came from observational studies. However, uncertainty remains about the magnitude of the benefit of fruit and vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD and whether the optimal intake is five portions or greater. Results from randomized controlled trials do not show conclusively that fruit and vegetable intake protects against CVD, in part because the dietary interventions have been of limited intensity to enable optimal analysis of their putative effects. The protective mechanisms of fruit and vegetables may not only include some of the known bioactive nutrient effects dependent on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and electrolyte properties, but also include their functional properties, such as low glycemic load and energy density. Taken together, the totality of the evidence accumulated so far does appear to support the notion that increased intake of fruits and vegetables may reduce cardiovascular risk. It is clear that fruit and vegetables should be eaten as part of a balanced diet, as a source of vitamins, fiber, minerals, and phytochemicals. The evidence now suggests that a complicated set of several nutrients may interact with genetic factors to influence CVD risk. Therefore, it may be more important to focus on whole foods and dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients to successfully impact on CVD risk reduction. A clearer understanding of the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular risk would provide health professionals with significant information in terms of public health and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alissa
- a Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- b Medical Education and Metabolic Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton , Brighton , United Kingdom
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Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e146-e603. [PMID: 28122885 PMCID: PMC5408160 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6120] [Impact Index Per Article: 874.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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120
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Jang HB, Choi MK, Kang JH, Park SI, Lee HJ. Association of dietary patterns with the fecal microbiota in Korean adolescents. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:20. [PMID: 32153802 PMCID: PMC7050889 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota has emerged as an important environmental factor associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, through its interactions with dietary factors. Therefore, we analyzed the composition of the fecal microbiota and levels of biochemical markers related to metabolic disease according to dietary pattern in Korean adolescents. Methods We collected fecal samples from 112 student subjects aged 13-16 years with sufficient information available regarding clinical biomarkers and diet, and performed 16S rRNA targeted gene sequencing. Results Regarding bacterial composition according to taxonomic rank, we found that traditional dietary patterns enriched in plant-based and fermented foods were associated with higher proportions of Bacteroides (Bacteroidaceae) and Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacteriaceae-Actinobacteria) and a lower proportion of Prevotella (Prevotellaceae) relative to modified Western dietary patterns (a greater proportion of animal-based foods). Specifically, the proportion of Bacteroides (Bacteroidaceae) was associated with intake of plant-based nutrients such as fiber; however, that of Prevotella (Prevotellaceae) was negatively associated with these factors. Additionally, we observed that the increase of prevotella (Prevotellaceae) and decrease of Bacteroides (Bacteroidaceae) and Ruminococcaceae had a higher risk of obesity. We also found that the traditional dietary pattern was negatively associated with general and central adiposity and levels of clinical biomarkers, including AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hs-CRP, insulin, and HOMA-IR, whereas the positive associations were found for a modified Western dietary pattern. Conclusions These findings suggest that the gut microbiota composition differs markedly according to dietary intake and suggest a role for diet in promoting a gut microbiome associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Byul Jang
- 1Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Choi
- 2Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kang
- 3Department of Family Medicine, Obesity Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ick Park
- 1Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- 1Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
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Garcia-Perez I, Posma JM, Gibson R, Chambers ES, Hansen TH, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Beckmann M, Pedersen O, Elliott P, Stamler J, Nicholson JK, Draper J, Mathers JC, Holmes E, Frost G. Objective assessment of dietary patterns by use of metabolic phenotyping: a randomised, controlled, crossover trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:184-195. [PMID: 28089709 PMCID: PMC5357736 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate monitoring of changes in dietary patterns in response to food policy implementation is challenging. Metabolic profiling allows simultaneous measurement of hundreds of metabolites in urine, the concentrations of which can be affected by food intake. We hypothesised that metabolic profiles of urine samples developed under controlled feeding conditions reflect dietary intake and can be used to model and classify dietary patterns of free-living populations. METHODS In this randomised, controlled, crossover trial, we recruited healthy volunteers (aged 21-65 years, BMI 20-35 kg/m2) from a database of a clinical research unit in the UK. We developed four dietary interventions with a stepwise variance in concordance with the WHO healthy eating guidelines that aim to prevent non-communicable diseases (increase fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and dietary fibre; decrease fats, sugars, and salt). Participants attended four inpatient stays (72 h each, separated by at least 5 days), during which they were given one dietary intervention. The order of diets was randomly assigned across study visits. Randomisation was done by an independent investigator, with the use of opaque, sealed, sequentially numbered envelopes that each contained one of the four dietary interventions in a random order. Participants and investigators were not masked from the dietary intervention, but investigators analysing the data were masked from the randomisation order. During each inpatient period, urine was collected daily over three timed periods: morning (0900-1300 h), afternoon (1300-1800 h), and evening and overnight (1800-0900 h); 24 h urine samples were obtained by pooling these samples. Urine samples were assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, and diet-discriminatory metabolites were identified. We developed urinary metabolite models for each diet and identified the associated metabolic profiles, and then validated the models using data and samples from the INTERMAP UK cohort (n=225) and a healthy-eating Danish cohort (n=66). This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN43087333. FINDINGS Between Aug 13, 2013, and May 18, 2014, we contacted 300 people with a letter of invitation. 78 responded, of whom 26 were eligible and invited to attend a health screening. Of 20 eligible participants who were randomised, 19 completed all four 72 h study stays between Oct 2, 2013, and July 29, 2014, and consumed all the food provided. Analysis of 1H-NMR spectroscopy data indicated that urinary metabolic profiles of the four diets were distinct. Significant stepwise differences in metabolite concentrations were seen between diets with the lowest and highest metabolic risks. Application of the derived metabolite models to the validation datasets confirmed the association between urinary metabolic and dietary profiles in the INTERMAP UK cohort (p<0·0001) and the Danish cohort (p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Urinary metabolite models developed in a highly controlled environment can classify groups of free-living people into consumers of diets associated with lower or higher non-communicable disease risk on the basis of multivariate metabolite patterns. This approach enables objective monitoring of dietary patterns in population settings and enhances the validity of dietary reporting. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health Research and UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joram M Posma
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward S Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tue H Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC-National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC-National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC-National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Gary Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Dietary Patterns in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Risk Markers in a Middle-Aged British Male Population: Data from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010075. [PMID: 28106791 PMCID: PMC5295119 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary behaviour is an important modifiable factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. The study aimed to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and explore their association with CVD incidence and risk markers. A follow-up of 1838 middle-aged men, aged 47–67 years recruited into the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort Study at phase 2 (1984–1988) was undertaken. Principal component analysis identified three DPs at baseline, which explained 24.8% of the total variance of food intake. DP1, characterised by higher intakes of white bread, butter, lard, chips and sugar-sweetened beverages and lower intake of wholegrain bread, was associated with higher CVD (HR 1.35: 95% CI: 1.10, 1.67) and stroke (HR 1.77; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63) incidence. DP3, characterised by higher intakes of sweet puddings and biscuits, wholegrain breakfast cereals and dairy (excluding cheese and butter) and lower alcohol intake, was associated with lower CVD (HR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.93), coronary heart disease (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.90) and stroke (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.99) incidence and a beneficial CVD profile at baseline, while DP1 with an unfavourable profile, showed no clear associations after 12 years follow-up. Dietary pattern 2 (DP2), characterised by higher intake of pulses, fish, poultry, processed/red meat, rice, pasta and vegetables, was not associated with the aforementioned outcomes. These data may provide insight for development of public health initiatives focussing on feasible changes in dietary habits.
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Effects of a diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared with a diet rich in refined carbohydrates on postprandial metabolism and features of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:795-807. [PMID: 28070639 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low intake of dietary fibre is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Dyslipidaemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Knowledge of the impact of dietary fibres on postprandial lipaemia is, however, sparse. This study aimed in subjects with metabolic syndrome to assess the impact on postprandial lipaemia and features of the metabolic syndrome of a healthy carbohydrate diet (HCD) rich in cereal fibre, arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared to a refined-carbohydrate western-style diet (WSD). METHODS Nineteen subjects completed the randomised, crossover study with HCD and WCD for 4-week. Postprandial metabolism was evaluated by a meal-challenge test and insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR and Matsuda index. Furthermore, fasting cholesterols, serum-fructosamine, circulating inflammatory markers, ambulatory blood pressure and intrahepatic lipid content were measured. RESULTS We found no diet effects on postprandial lipaemia. However, there was a significant diet × statin interaction on total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.002). HCD decreased total cholesterol (-0.72 mmol/l, 95% CI (-1.29; -0.14) P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (-0.61 mmol/l, 95% CI (-0.86; -0.36) P = 0.002) compared with WSD in subjects on but not without statin treatment. We detected no other significant diet effects. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with metabolic syndrome on statins a 4-week diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch improved fasting LDL and total cholesterol compared to subjects not being on statins. However, we observed no diet related impact on postprandial lipaemia or features of the metabolic syndrome. The dietary fibre x statin interaction deserves further elucidation.
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Downer MK, Martínez-González MA, Gea A, Stampfer M, Warnberg J, Ruiz-Canela M, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Ros E, Fitó M, Estruch R, Arós F, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Bullo M, Sorli JV, Muñoz MA, García-Rodriguez A, Gutierrez-Bedmar M, Gómez-Gracia E. Mercury exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease: a nested case-control study in the PREDIMED (PREvention with MEDiterranean Diet) study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:9. [PMID: 28056794 PMCID: PMC5216562 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that consuming 1-2 servings of fish per week, particularly oily fish (e.g., salmon, herring, sardines) is beneficial for cardiovascular health due to its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, there is some concern that the mercury content in fish may increase cardiovascular disease risk, but this relationship remains unclear. METHODS The PREDIMED trial included 7477 participants who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease at baseline. In this study, we evaluated associations between mercury exposure, fish consumption and cardiovascular disease. We randomly selected 147 of the 288 cases diagnosed with cardiovascular disease during follow-up and matched them on age and sex to 267 controls. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess toenail mercury concentration. In-person interviews, medical record reviews and validated questionnaires were used to assess fish consumption and other covariates. Information was collected at baseline and updated yearly during follow-up. We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate associations in the total nested case-control study, and unconditional logistic regression for population subsets. RESULTS Mean (±SD) toenail mercury concentrations (μg per gram) did not significantly differ between cases (0.63 (±0.53)) and controls (0.67 (±0.49)). Mercury concentration was not associated with cardiovascular disease in any analysis, and neither was fish consumption or n-3 fatty acids. The fully-adjusted relative risks for the highest versus lowest quartile of mercury concentration were 0.71 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.34, 1.14; ptrend = 0.37) for the nested case-control study, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.32, 1.76; ptrend = 0.43) within the Mediterranean diet intervention group, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.13, 1.96; ptrend = 0.41) within the control arm of the trial. Associations remained null when mercury was jointly assessed with fish consumption at baseline and during follow-up. Results were similar in different sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that mercury exposure from regular fish consumption increases cardiovascular disease risk in a population of Spanish adults with high cardiovascular disease risk and high fish consumption. This implies that the mercury content in fish does not detract from the already established cardiovascular benefits of fish consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN35739639 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Downer
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Julia Warnberg
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi i Sunyer Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Monica Bullo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorli
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. .,Campus Teatinos, Facultad de Medicina, 29071, Malaga, Spain.
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125
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Fernandez MA, Marette A. Potential Health Benefits of Combining Yogurt and Fruits Based on Their Probiotic and Prebiotic Properties. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:155S-164S. [PMID: 28096139 PMCID: PMC5227968 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and yogurt have been identified individually as indicators of healthy dietary patterns. Fruits are relatively low in energy density and are an excellent source of antioxidants and prebiotic fibers and polyphenols, which can promote digestive health. Yogurt, on the other hand, is a nutrient-dense food that is a good source of dairy protein, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B-12, conjugated linoleic acid, and other key fatty acids. In addition, it contains beneficial bacterial cultures, making it a potential source of probiotics. Yogurt's unique fermented food matrix provides added health benefits by enhancing nutrient absorption and digestion. Combining the intake of yogurt and fruit could provide probiotics, prebiotics, high-quality protein, important fatty acids, and a mixture of vitamins and minerals that have the potential to exert synergistic effects on health. Yogurt consumption has been associated with reduced weight gain and a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, whereas fruits have established effects on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yogurt and fruits can be eaten together and may exert combined health benefits through potential prebiotic and probiotic effects. Furthermore, substituting high-energy, nutrient-deficient snacks with fruit and yogurt could reduce the intake of high-calorie obesogenic foods. In light of the positive cardiometabolic impacts of fruit and yogurt and their association with healthy dietary patterns, there is sufficient evidence to warrant further exploration into the potential synergistic health benefits of a combined intake of fruit and yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Anne Fernandez
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada; and
- School of Nutrition and
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada;
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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126
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André B, Canhão H, Espnes GA, Ferreira Rodrigues AM, Gregorio MJ, Nguyen C, Sousa R, Grønning K. Is there an association between food patterns and life satisfaction among Norway's inhabitants ages 65 years and older? Appetite 2016; 110:108-115. [PMID: 27988367 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The lack of information regarding older adults' health and lifestyles makes it difficult to design suitable interventions for people at risk of developing unhealth lifestyles. Therefore, there is a need to increase knowledge about older adults' food patterns and quality of life. Our aim was to determine associations among food patterns, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction in Norwegian inhabitants ages 65+. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (The HUNT Study) is a large, population-based cohort study that includes data for 125 000 Norwegian participants. The cohort used for this study is wave three of the study, consisting of 11 619 participants age 65 and over. Cluster analysis was used to categorize the participants based on similarities in food consumption; two clusters were identified based on similarities regarding food consumption among participants. Significant differences between the clusters were found, as participants in the healthy food-patterns cluster had higher life satisfaction and lower anxiety and depression than those in the unhealthy food-patterns cluster. The associations among food patterns, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction among older adults show the need for increased focus on interactions among food patterns, food consumption, and life satisfaction among the elderly in order to explore how society can influence these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate André
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway; NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norway.
| | - Helena Canhão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, University Nova de Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Portugal
| | - Geir A Espnes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway; NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norway
| | | | | | - Camilla Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway; NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norway
| | - Rute Sousa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, University Nova de Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Portugal
| | - Kjersti Grønning
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway; NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norway
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127
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Darvishi B, Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Farahmand L. Investigating Prevalence and Pattern of Long-term Cardiovascular Disorders in Sulphur Mustard-exposed Victims and Determining Proper Biomarkers for Early Defining, Monitoring and Analysis of Patients’ Feedback on Therapy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 120:120-130. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- Chemical Injuries Research Centre; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Centre; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Centre; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Cancer Genetics Department; Breast Cancer Research Center; ACECR; Tehran Iran
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128
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Guan Y, Zhang H, Gao X, Shang S, Wu X, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhang W, Jiang M, Zhang B, Chen P. Comparison of the bacterial communities in feces from wild versus housed sables (Martes zibellina) by high-throughput sequence analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. AMB Express 2016; 6:98. [PMID: 27734418 PMCID: PMC5061668 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of mammalian intestinal microflora is related to many environmental and geographical factors, and it plays an important role in many aspects such as growth and development. Sequencing data of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from sable (Martes zibellina) samples using next-generation sequencing technology are limited. In our research, 84,116 reads obtained by high-throughput sequencing were analyzed to characterize and compare the intestinal microflora of wild sables and housed sables. Firmicutes (31.1 %), Bacteroidetes (26.0 %) and Proteobacteria (21.5 %) were the three most abundant phyla present in wild sables, whereas Firmicutes (55.6 %), Proteobacteria (29.1 %) and Actinobacteria (6.0 %) were the three predominant phyla present in housed sables. At the phylum level, wild sables exhibited a significant difference in the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, whereas housed sables only exhibited significant changes in TM7 at the phylum level, and Clostridia, at the class level. The predominance of Bacteroidetes in wild sables warrants further research. These results indicate that a sudden change in diet may be a key factor that influences fecal bacterial diversity in mammals.
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129
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Ahlstrom B, Dinh T, Haselton MG, Tomiyama AJ. Understanding eating interventions through an evolutionary lens. Health Psychol Rev 2016; 11:72-88. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2016.1260489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Ahlstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tran Dinh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Martie G. Haselton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Communication Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A. Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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130
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de Souza RJ, Zulyniak MA, Desai D, Shaikh MR, Campbell NC, Lefebvre DL, Gupta M, Wilson J, Wahi G, Atkinson SA, Teo KK, Subbarao P, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Sears MR, Anand SS. Harmonization of Food-Frequency Questionnaires and Dietary Pattern Analysis in 4 Ethnically Diverse Birth Cohorts. J Nutr 2016; 146:2343-2350. [PMID: 27708121 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.236729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canada is an ethnically diverse nation, which introduces challenges for health care providers tasked with providing evidence-based dietary advice. OBJECTIVES We aimed to harmonize food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) across 4 birth cohorts of ethnically diverse pregnant women to derive robust dietary patterns to investigate maternal and newborn outcomes. METHODS The NutriGen Alliance comprises 4 prospective birth cohorts and includes 4880 Canadian mother-infant pairs of predominantly white European [CHILD (Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development) and FAMILY (Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life)], South Asian [START (SouTh Asian birth cohoRT)-Canada], or Aboriginal [ABC (Aboriginal Birth Cohort)] origins. CHILD used a multiethnic FFQ based on a previously validated instrument designed by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, whereas FAMILY, START, and ABC used questionnaires specifically designed for use in white European, South Asian, and Aboriginal people, respectively. The serving sizes and consumption frequencies of individual food items within the 4 FFQs were harmonized and aggregated into 36 common food groups. Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns that were internally validated against self-reported vegetarian status and externally validated against a modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI). RESULTS Three maternal dietary patterns were identified-"plant-based," "Western," and "health-conscious"-which collectively explained 29% of the total variability in eating habits observed in the NutriGen Alliance. These patterns were strongly associated with self-reported vegetarian status (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 3.47, 4.29; r2 = 0.30, P < 0.001; for a plant-based diet), and average adherence to the plant-based diet was higher in participants in the fourth quartile of the mAHEI than in the first quartile (mean difference: 46.1%; r2 = 0.81, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dietary data collected by using FFQs from ethnically diverse pregnant women can be harmonized to identify common dietary patterns to investigate associations between maternal dietary intake and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J de Souza
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, .,Department of Nutritional Sciences and.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dipika Desai
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Milan Gupta
- Medicine, and.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Wilson
- Six Nations Health Services, Ohsweken, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gita Wahi
- Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piushkumar J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- British Columbia Children's Hospital and Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sonia S Anand
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics.,Medicine, and.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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131
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SHADMAN Z, AKHOUNDAN M, POORSOLTAN N, LARIJANI B, QORBANI M, HEDAYATI M, KHOSHNIAT NIKOO M. Association of Major Dietary Patterns with Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 45:1491-1501. [PMID: 28032067 PMCID: PMC5182258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Role of dietary modifications on the treatment and management of diabetes and complications was shown by many researchers. This study was designed to examine the association of major dietary patterns with diabetes-related cardio-metabolic risk factors in Iranian diabetes. METHODS Totally, 525 type 2 diabetic subjects with mean age 55 ± 10 yr were included in this cross-sectional study in 2014 that followed for at least two years by the Diabetes and Metabolic disease Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Blood samples were collected after 12 h fasting for glycemic and lipid profiles. Information on the general characteristics, anthropometric, blood pressure measurements and physical activity level was collected. Dietary data were obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were obtained factor analysis (principal component analysis). RESULTS Three major dietary patterns retained through principal component analysis: Western like (high in sweets, fast foods, carbonated drinks, red meat, mayonnaise, nuts, refined grains, potato and visceral meat), Asian like (high in vegetables, low-fat dairy, fish, poultry and egg), and Traditional like (high in high fat dairy, oils, whole grains, vegetables and fruits). Western like dietary pattern was positively associated with fasting serum glucose (P=0.05), total cholesterol (P=0.005) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.008). After extensive adjustment for potential confounders, the association of serum total cholesterol and Western like dietary pattern remained significant (P=0.03). CONCLUSION Modifications in dietary pattern, especially in those who have a Western dietary pattern, may be effective in preventing or delaying diabetes-associated cardio metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaleh SHADMAN
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh AKHOUNDAN
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin POORSOLTAN
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher LARIJANI
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa QORBANI
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi HEDAYATI
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen KHOSHNIAT NIKOO
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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132
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Zhang F, Zhao S, Yan W, Xia Y, Chen X, Wang W, Zhang J, Gao C, Peng C, Yan F, Zhao H, Lian K, Lee Y, Zhang L, Lau WB, Ma X, Tao L. Branched Chain Amino Acids Cause Liver Injury in Obese/Diabetic Mice by Promoting Adipocyte Lipolysis and Inhibiting Hepatic Autophagy. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:157-167. [PMID: 27843095 PMCID: PMC5264279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western meat-rich diet is both high in protein and fat. Although the hazardous effect of a high fat diet (HFD) upon liver structure and function is well recognized, whether the co-presence of high protein intake contributes to, or protects against, HF-induced hepatic injury remains unclear. Increased intake of branched chain amino acids (BCAA, essential amino acids compromising 20% of total protein intake) reduces body weight. However, elevated circulating BCAA is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and injury. The mechanisms responsible for this quandary remain unknown; the role of BCAA in HF-induced liver injury is unclear. Utilizing HFD or HFD + BCAA models, we demonstrated BCAA supplementation attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, decreased fat mass, activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibited hepatic lipogenic enzymes, and reduced hepatic triglyceride content. However, BCAA caused significant hepatic damage in HFD mice, evidenced by exacerbated hepatic oxidative stress, increased hepatic apoptosis, and elevated circulation hepatic enzymes. Compared to solely HFD-fed animals, plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in the HFD + BCAA group are significantly further increased, due largely to AMPKα2-mediated adipocyte lipolysis. Lipolysis inhibition normalized plasma FFA levels, and improved insulin sensitivity. Surprisingly, blocking lipolysis failed to abolish BCAA-induced liver injury. Mechanistically, hepatic mTOR activation by BCAA inhibited lipid-induced hepatic autophagy, increased hepatic apoptosis, blocked hepatic FFA/triglyceride conversion, and increased hepatocyte susceptibility to FFA-mediated lipotoxicity. These data demonstrated that BCAA reduces HFD-induced body weight, at the expense of abnormal lipolysis and hyperlipidemia, causing hepatic lipotoxicity. Furthermore, BCAA directly exacerbate hepatic lipotoxicity by reducing lipogenesis and inhibiting autophagy in the hepatocyte. BCAA cause hepatic injury via complex mechanisms involving both adipocytes and hepatic cells. In the adipocyte, BCAA activate AMPKα2 and stimulate lipolysis, increasing plasma free fatty acids (FFA), which in turn results in hepatic FFA accumulation. In the liver, BCAA activate mTOR and inhibit FFA to TG conversion and autophagy, intensifying FFA lipotoxicity.
High fat diet (HFD) induces systemic BCAA catabolic defects. Under HFD conditions, increased BCAA consumption further increases circulating BCAA abundance. BCAA-enhanced adipocyte lipolysis induces hyperlipidemia through activating AMPKα2. Elevated circulating FFA results in insulin resistance and hepatic lipotoxicity. Moreover, BCAA activate hepatic mTOR, inhibit lipogenesis and autophagy, therefore increasing hepatic susceptibility to FFA-mediated lipotoxicity. As BCAA are abundant in protein, our results call for caution regarding the ingestion of high protein diets in obesity and diabetic individuals, unless their BCAA metabolic pathways are determined normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Shihao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- Department of Geratology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Jinglong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Kun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China.
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Tzeng IS, Liu SH, Chen KF, Wu CC, Chen JC. Impact of performance grading on annual numbers of acute myocardial infarction-associated emergency department visits in Taiwan: Results of segmented regression analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4937. [PMID: 27759626 PMCID: PMC5079310 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce patient boarding time at the emergency department (ED) and to improve the overall quality of the emergent care system in Taiwan, the Minister of Health and Welfare of Taiwan (MOHW) piloted the Grading Responsible Hospitals for Acute Care (GRHAC) audit program in 2007-2009.The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the GRHAC audit program on the identification and management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-associated ED visits by describing and comparing the incidence of AMI-associated ED visits before (2003-2007), during (2007-2009), and after (2009-2012) the initial audit program implementation.Using aggregated data from the MOHW of Taiwan, we estimated the annual incidence of AMI-associated ED visits by Poisson regression models. We used segmented regression techniques to evaluate differences in the annual rates and in the year-to-year changes in AMI-associated ED visits between 2003 and 2012. Medical comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertensive disease were considered as potential confounders.Overall, the number of AMI-associated patient visits increased from 8130 visits in 2003 to 12,695 visits in 2012 (P-value for trend < 0.001), corresponding to an average annual growth rate of 5.3% (95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.5-10%). Although age was a major risk factor for AMI-associated ED visits, the statistical association was observed in middle-to-old (aged 40-64; P-value < 0.001) and older aged individuals (aged ≥65; P-value <0.001). As compared to 2003-2007, AMI-associated ED visits increased slightly during the intervention roll-in period (2007-2009, slope = 394.5, P-value = 0.117) followed by a dramatic uptake in the early post-intervention period (2010-2012, slope = 1037, P-value = 0.083).There was evidence suggesting for a significant intervention effect of the GRHAC program on identifying critically ill patients with AMI-associated diagnosis at the ED. As the program evaluation is still ongoing, we expect to observe a sustained program effect on hospitals' capacity for timely and correctly diagnosing and managing patients presenting with AMI-associated symptoms or signs at the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shiang Tzeng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hsun Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
| | - Chin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
| | - Jih-Chang Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Jih-Chang Chen, Fusing St, Gueishan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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134
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Park YMM, Fung TT, Steck SE, Zhang J, Hazlett LJ, Han K, Lee SH, Merchant AT. Diet Quality and Mortality Risk in Metabolically Obese Normal-Weight Adults. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:1372-1383. [PMID: 27712636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations among the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and mortality risk in metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were from normal-weight (body mass index of 18.5 to <25) adults aged 30 to 90 years at baseline in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, October 18, 1988, through October 15, 1994, followed up for deaths (all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer related) until December 31, 2011. A total of 2103 participants without known cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline were included in this prospective cohort study. Metabolic obesity was defined as having 2 or more of the following: high glucose, blood pressure, triglyceride, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance values and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; metabolic healthy status was defined as having 0 or 1 of these metabolic derangements. RESULTS During median follow-up of 18.6 years, there were 344 and 296 deaths in the MONW and metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW) phenotypes, respectively. In MONW individuals, a 1-SD increment in adherence to a DASH diet (2 points) or HEI (14 points) was significantly associated with reductions (17% [hazard ratio (HR), 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97] and 22% [HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90], respectively) in the risk of all-cause mortality, after adjustment for potential confounders. The corresponding HRs for cardiovascular disease mortality were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.55-0.94) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.97), respectively. In addition, reduction of cancer mortality was observed with 1-SD increment of HEI (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.88). However, no association was observed in the MHNW phenotype. Sensitivity analyses suggested relationships robust to different definitions of MONW and also dose responses with the number of metabolic derangements. CONCLUSION Higher diet quality scores were associated with lower risk of mortality in normal-weight individuals with metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Moon Mark Park
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Linda J Hazlett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
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Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:925-947. [PMID: 27605002 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle is linked to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched for epidemiological studies of dietary patterns and MetS. The association between dietary patterns and MetS was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for MetS was 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76, 0.90; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2 = 72.1 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the pooled relative risk (RR) for MetS in cohort studies was 0.91 (95 % CI 0.68, 1.21; P for heterogeneity =0.005; I 2 = 81.1 %). The pooled OR for MetS in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of Western dietary patterns was 1.28 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.40; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2 = 72.0 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the RR was 0.96 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.73; P for heterogeneity =0.102; I 2 = 62.6 %) in cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS The results from cross-sectional studies showed that a prudent/healthy pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, whereas a Western/unhealthy is associated with an increased risk for MetS. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between dietary patterns and MetS.
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136
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Gibbs HD, Ellerbeck EF, Befort C, Gajewski B, Kennett AR, Yu Q, Christifano D, Sullivan DK. Measuring Nutrition Literacy in Breast Cancer Patients: Development of a Novel Instrument. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2016; 31:493-9. [PMID: 25952941 PMCID: PMC4639469 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-015-0851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
No nutrition literacy instruments have been tested in breast cancer survivors, yet nutrition is a critical lifestyle factor for optimizing weight and improving quality of life in breast cancer survival. Our objectives were to adapt our Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for breast cancer populations and to pilot test its validity and reliability. We modified the instrument based on review by content experts in cancer and nutrition and cognitive interviews with 18 cancer survivors. The modified instrument (Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for Breast Cancer, NLit-BCa) was pilot-tested with 17 high-risk women and 55 breast cancer survivors. We conducted the NLit-BCa on two separate occasions 4 weeks apart and assessed reliability by confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing results of the NLit-BCa to a Healthy Eating Index score derived from two separate 24-h dietary recalls. Content validity of the NLit-BCa was acceptable (0.93). Entire reliability for three instrument domains was substantial (>0.80), while remaining domains demonstrated fair or moderate reliability. Significant relationships were found between five of the six domains of nutrition literacy and diet quality (P < 0.05). The NLit-BCa is content valid and demonstrates promising reliability and construct validity related to diet quality, through a larger sample size, and removal of non-discriminating items is needed to confirm these findings. Thus, the NLit-BCa demonstrates potential for comprehensively measuring nutrition literacy in breast cancer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Gibbs
- Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 4013, Kansas City, KS 66208, USA
| | - Edward F. Ellerbeck
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christie Befort
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Byron Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amy R. Kennett
- Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 4013, Kansas City, KS 66208, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Danielle Christifano
- Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 4013, Kansas City, KS 66208, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Debra K. Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 4013, Kansas City, KS 66208, USA
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137
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Smyth A, Griffin M, Yusuf S, Mann JF, Reddan D, Canavan M, Newell J, O'Donnell M. Diet and Major Renal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study. The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Ren Nutr 2016; 26:288-98. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Hanson MA, Bardsley A, De-Regil LM, Moore SE, Oken E, Poston L, Ma RC, McAuliffe FM, Maleta K, Purandare CN, Yajnik CS, Rushwan H, Morris JL. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) recommendations on adolescent, preconception, and maternal nutrition: "Think Nutrition First". Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016; 131 Suppl 4:S213-53. [PMID: 26433230 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(15)30034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton; and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton; Southampton, UK
| | - Anne Bardsley
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute; and Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ronald C Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; and the Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ken Maleta
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Hamid Rushwan
- International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, London, UK
| | - Jessica L Morris
- International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, London, UK.
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139
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Al-Qahtani MH. Dietary Habits of Saudi Medical Students at University of Dammam. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2016; 10:353-62. [PMID: 27610058 PMCID: PMC5003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dietary habits and life style of medical students. DESIGN METHODS This is a cross sectional study as self-reported questionnaire for the male and female medical students at College of Medicine University of Dammam, eastern province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, comparing their habits and life style according to their gender and to their academic levels; 1(st), 3(rd) and 6(th) year. RESULTS 562 students participated in the study with response rate of 91%, average age: 20.2776± 2.06175), males students were 333 (59.25%) and female students were 229 (40.75%) corresponding to the actual male to female ratio in this medical school. The majority of the students (91.3%) were consuming fast foods, majority are males (85%) do it 3 times or more per week, only 8.7% denied eating fast food with no significant difference between the three academic levels. Majority of students are aware of the benefits of the vegetables and fruits and the disadvantage of the soft drinks yet most of them consume a lot of soft drinks and less of vegetables and fruits. Physical exercise was not done regularly in 65% of the male medical students and 80% of the female with almost similar percentage in all the three levels. CONCLUSION Contrary to the expectations and regardless of studying in medical college, our medical students; both male and females at different academic levels are having major bad dietary habits and life style that is comparable to the general population in the kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, KSA
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140
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Mortality outcomes associated with intake of fast-food items and sugar-sweetened drinks among older adults in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:3319-3326. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate associations of fast-food items (FFI) and sugar-sweetened drinks (SSD) with mortality outcomes including deaths due to any cause, CVD and total cancers among a large sample of adults.DesignUsing a prospective design, risk of death was compared across baseline dietary exposures. Intakes of FFI and SSD were quantified using a semi-quantitative FFQ (baseline data collected 2000–2002). Deaths (n4187) were obtained via the Washington State death file through 2008, excluding deaths in the first year of follow-up. Causes of death were categorized as due to CVD (I00–I99) or cancer (C00–D48). Cox models were used to estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI.SettingThe Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study among adults living in Western Washington State.SubjectsMen and women (n69 582) between 50 and 76 years of age at baseline.ResultsIntakes of FFI and SSD were higher among individuals who were younger, female, African-American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian-American or Pacific Islander, of lower educational attainment, and of lower income (P<0·0001 for all). Higher risk of total mortality was associated with greater intake of FFI (HR=1·16; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·29;P=0·004; comparing highestv. lowest quartile) and SSD (HR=1·19; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·30;P<0·0001; comparing highestv. lowest quartile). Higher intake of FFI was associated with greater cancer-specific mortality while an association with CVD-specific mortality was suggested. Associations between intake of SSD and cause-specific mortality were less clear.ConclusionsIntake of FFI and SSD has a detrimental effect on future mortality risk. These findings may be salient to socially patterned disparities in mortality.
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141
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Muller DC, Murphy N, Johansson M, Ferrari P, Tsilidis KK, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel F, Dartois L, Li K, Kaaks R, Weikert C, Bergmann M, Boeing H, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Redondo ML, Agudo A, Molina-Portillo E, Altzibar JM, Cirera L, Ardanaz E, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Key TJ, Travis RC, Bamia C, Orfanos P, Trichopoulou A, Palli D, Pala V, Tumino R, Vineis P, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Verschuren WMM, Struijk EA, Peeters PH, Engström G, Melander O, Sund M, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Lund E, Norat T, Gunter M, Riboli E, Brennan P. Modifiable causes of premature death in middle-age in Western Europe: results from the EPIC cohort study. BMC Med 2016; 14:87. [PMID: 27296932 PMCID: PMC4907105 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy is increasing in Europe, yet a substantial proportion of adults still die prematurely before the age of 70 years. We sought to estimate the joint and relative contributions of tobacco smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol and poor diet towards risk of premature death. METHODS We analysed data from 264,906 European adults from the EPIC prospective cohort study, aged between 40 and 70 years at the time of recruitment. Flexible parametric survival models were used to model risk of death conditional on risk factors, and survival functions and attributable fractions (AF) for deaths prior to age 70 years were calculated based on the fitted models. RESULTS We identified 11,930 deaths which occurred before the age of 70. The AF for premature mortality for smoking was 31 % (95 % confidence interval (CI), 31-32 %) and 14 % (95 % CI, 12-16 %) for poor diet. Important contributions were also observed for overweight and obesity measured by waist-hip ratio (10 %; 95 % CI, 8-12 %) and high blood pressure (9 %; 95 % CI, 7-11 %). AFs for physical inactivity and excessive alcohol intake were 7 % and 4 %, respectively. Collectively, the AF for all six risk factors was 57 % (95 % CI, 55-59 %), being 35 % (95 % CI, 32-37 %) among never smokers and 74 % (95 % CI, 73-75 %) among current smokers. CONCLUSIONS While smoking remains the predominant risk factor for premature death in Europe, poor diet, overweight and obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute substantially. Any attempt to minimise premature deaths will ultimately require all six factors to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Muller
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), 94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francoise Clavel
- Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Laureen Dartois
- Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Kuanrong Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DE-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DE-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), DE-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela Bergmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), DE-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), DE-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Molina-Portillo
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jone M Altzibar
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa-BIODONOSTIA, Basque Regional Health Department, 20014, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lluís Cirera
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30003, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31003, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | | | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippos Orfanos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic - M. P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, 97100, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Federico II University, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra H Peeters
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Science, Malmö Lund University, Lund, SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension & Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umea University, 901 85, Umea, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Teresa Norat
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marc Gunter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008, Lyon, France.
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Ravera A, Carubelli V, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, Gorga E, Cani D, Vizzardi E, Metra M, Lombardi C. Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Finding the Perfect Recipe for Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients 2016; 8:E363. [PMID: 27314382 PMCID: PMC4924204 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite the progress in management entails the need of more effective preventive and curative strategies. As dietary-associated risk is the most important behavioral factor influencing global health, it appears the best target in the challenge against CVD. Although for many years, since the formulation of the cholesterol hypothesis, a nutrient-based approach was attempted for CVD prevention and treatment, in recent years a dietary-based approach resulted more effective in reducing cardiovascular risk worldwide. After the publication of randomized trials on the remarkable effects of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on CVD, new efforts were put on research about the effects of complex dietary interventions on CVD. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence on dietary interventions in the prevention and disease modification of CVD, focusing on coronary artery disease and heart failure, the main disease responsible for the enormous toll taken by CVD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ravera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Valentina Carubelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Sciatti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Ivano Bonadei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Elio Gorga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Dario Cani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Marco Metra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
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143
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Collins KH, Hart DA, Reimer RA, Seerattan RA, Herzog W. Response to diet-induced obesity produces time-dependent induction and progression of metabolic osteoarthritis in rat knees. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1010-8. [PMID: 26572064 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, and corresponding chronic-low grade inflammation, is associated with the onset and progression of knee OA. The origin of this inflammation is poorly understood. Here, the effect of high fat, high sucrose (HFS) diet induced obesity (DIO) on local (synovial fluid), and systemic (serum) inflammation is evaluated after a 12-week obesity induction and a further 16-week adaptation period. For 12-weeks of obesity induction, n = 40 DIO male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a HFS diet while the control group (n = 14) remained on chow. DIO rats were allocated to prone (DIO-P, top 33% based on weight change) or resistant (DIO-R, bottom 33%) groups at 12-weeks. Animals were euthanized at 12- and after an additional 16-weeks on diet (28-weeks). At sacrifice, body composition and knee joints were collected and assessed. Synovial fluid and sera were profiled using cytokine array analysis. At 12-weeks, DIO-P animals demonstrated increased Modified Mankin scores compared to DIO-R and chow (p = 0.026), and DIO-R had higher Mankin scores compared to chow (p = 0.049). While numerous systemic and limited synovial fluid inflammatory markers were increased at 12-weeks in DIO animals compared to chow, by 28-weeks there were limited systemic differences but marked increases in local synovial fluid inflammatory marker concentrations. Metabolic OA may manifest from an initial systemic inflammatory disturbance. Twelve weeks of obesity induction leads to a unique inflammatory profile and induction of metabolic OA which is altered after a further 16-weeks of obesity and HFS diet intake, suggesting that obesity is a dynamic, progressive process. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1010-1018, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Collins
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health & Mobility, Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth A Seerattan
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Koehnlein EA, Koehnlein ÉM, Corrêa RCG, Nishida VS, Correa VG, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Analysis of a whole diet in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity: effects of a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:614-23. [PMID: 27210900 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1186156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work compares the phenolic contents and the total antioxidant capacity of the 36 most popular Brazilian foods submitted to aqueous extraction or in vitro digestion. The purpose was to evaluate the extent by which digestion differs from the simple aqueous extraction procedures of several food matrices. After in vitro digestion, cereals, legumes, vegetables, tuberous vegetables, chocolates and fruits showed higher phenolic contents and higher antioxidant activities than those obtained by aqueous extraction. Contrarily, the digestion caused a reduction in the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of beverages (red wine, coffee and yerba mate). Our results suggest that the phenolics of food groups with solid and complex matrix are protected against enzymatic action and alteration in pH during the digestion, what does not occur in liquid food matrices such as the beverages. This fact would overestimate the antioxidant activities of beverages submitted solely to aqueous extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloá Angélica Koehnlein
- a Department of Nutrition , Federal University of South Border , Realeza , Paraná , Brazil ;,b Post-Graduated Program in Food Science , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vanesa Gesser Correa
- a Department of Nutrition , Federal University of South Border , Realeza , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- b Post-Graduated Program in Food Science , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil ;,c Department of Biochemistry , State University of Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- b Post-Graduated Program in Food Science , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil ;,c Department of Biochemistry , State University of Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
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145
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Dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors: considerations for nutrition research. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:3055-3056. [PMID: 27181563 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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146
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Tapsell LC, Neale EP, Satija A, Hu FB. Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Patterns: Interconnections and Implications for Dietary Guidelines. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:445-54. [PMID: 27184272 PMCID: PMC4863273 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines provide evidence-based statements on food choices to meet nutritional requirements and reduce the risk of prevailing chronic disease. They involve a substantial amount of research translation, and their implementation has important health consequences. Foods, however, are complex combinations of nutrients and other compounds that act synergistically within the food and across food combinations. In addition, the evidence base underpinning dietary guidelines accesses research that reflects different study designs, with inherent strengths and limitations. We propose a systematic approach for the review of evidence that begins with research on dietary patterns. This research will identify the combinations of foods that best protect, or appear deleterious to, health. Next, we suggest that evidence be sought from research that focuses on the effects of individual foods. Finally, nutrient-based research should be considered to explain the mechanisms by which these foods and dietary patterns exert their effects, take into account the effects of ingredients added to the food supply, and enable assessments of dietary sufficiency. The consideration of individual nutrients and food components (e.g., upper limits for saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium) provides important benchmarks for evaluating overall diet quality. The concepts of core and discretionary foods (nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor foods, respectively) enable distinctions between foods, and this has implications for the relation between food policy and food manufacturing. In summary, evidence supporting healthy dietary patterns provides the foundation for the development of dietary guidelines. Further reference to individual foods and nutrients follows from the foundation of healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Tapsell
- Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; and
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; and
| | - Ambika Satija
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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147
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Jomaa L, Hwalla N, Itani L, Chamieh MC, Mehio-Sibai A, Naja F. A Lebanese dietary pattern promotes better diet quality among older adults: findings from a national cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:85. [PMID: 27093883 PMCID: PMC4837523 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proper nutrition is critical for healthy aging and maintaining functional independence. Limited research has been done on the assessment of dietary patterns of older adults and their association with diet quality indices. This study was conducted to identify, characterize, and evaluate the dietary patterns and diet quality of older adults in Lebanon, a middle-income country undergoing nutrition transition. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults aged >50 years (n = 525). Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables were collected through interviews, and dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Five commonly used diet quality indices (DQIs) were calculated, including the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMed), the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) style diet score, and the Lebanese Mediterranean Diet index. Dietary patterns (DPs) were derived using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of identified DPs with energy, energy-adjusted nutrients, and DQIs were evaluated by Pearson’s correlations. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine correlates of DPs. Results Three DPs were derived: Lebanese, Western, and High Protein/Alcohol patterns. The Lebanese pattern had highest correlations with fiber, folate, vitamin C, and all five DQIs. The Western was positively associated with energy and sodium and was inversely correlated with fiber, most vitamins, and a number of DQIs, namely AHEI, aMED, and DASH-style diet score. Highest correlations with intakes of proteins and fat were observed for the High Protein/Alcohol pattern. The Lebanese pattern was associated with female gender, education, nonsmoking and physical activity, whereas the Western pattern was associated with adverse health behaviors, including smoking, skipping breakfast, and physical inactivity. Conclusions Of the three identified patterns, the Lebanese DP was associated with better diet quality and healthier lifestyle behaviors while the Western pattern implicated a lower quality diet. Public health programs promoting prudent diets, including the Mediterranean and Lebanese DPs, are needed to improve the diet quality of middle-aged and older adults in an attempt to improve their functionality and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Claire Chamieh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abla Mehio-Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon.
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148
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Sun Y, Li Z, Li J, Li Z, Han J. A Healthy Dietary Pattern Reduces Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8:134. [PMID: 26959051 PMCID: PMC4808863 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diet and nutrients play an important role in cancer development and progress; a healthy dietary pattern has been found to be associated with several types of cancer. However, the association between a healthy eating pattern and lung cancer risk is still unclear. Objective: Therefore, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate whether a healthy eating pattern might reduce lung cancer risk. Methods: We identified relevant studies from the PubMed and Embase databases up to October 2015, and the relative risks were extracted and combined by the fixed-effects model when no substantial heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, the random-effects model was employed. Subgroup and publication bias analyses were also performed. Results: Finally, eight observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk of lung cancer for the highest vs. lowest category of healthy dietary pattern was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.75–0.86), and no significant heterogeneity was detected. The relative risks (RRs) for non-smokers, former smokers and current smokers were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.63–1.27), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62–0.89) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79–0.93), respectively. The results remained stable in subgroup analyses by other confounders and sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis suggest that a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower lung cancer risk, and they provide more beneficial evidence for changing the diet pattern in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlai Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Jianning Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38 Wuyingshan Road, Jinan 250031, China.
| | - Zengjun Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China.
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149
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Examining associations between dietary patterns and metabolic CVD risk factors: a novel use of structural equation modelling. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1586-97. [PMID: 26931638 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The association between dietary patterns and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence towards the effects of the overall diet on the complex net of biological inter-relationships between risk factors. This study aimed to derive dietary patterns and examine their associations with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors following a theoretic model for the relationship between them. Participants included 417 adults of both sexes, enrolled to the cross-sectional population-based study performed in Brazil. Body weight, waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio, fasting plasma glucose and serum leptin were evaluated. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls adjusted for the within-person variation of intake. A total of three dietary patterns were derived by exploratory structural equation modelling: 'Traditional', 'Prudent' and 'Modern'. The 'Traditional' pattern had a negative and direct effect on obesity indicators (serum LEP, body weight and waist circumference) and negative indirect effects on total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio and fasting plasma glucose. The 'Prudent' pattern had a negative and direct effect on systolic blood pressure. No association was observed for the 'Modern' pattern and metabolic risk factors. In conclusion, the 'Traditional' and 'Prudent' dietary patterns were negatively associated with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilian adults. Their apparent protective effects against obesity and high blood pressure may be important non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and control of obesity-related metabolic disorders and CVD.
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150
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Determinants of Mean Blood Pressure and Hypertension among Workers in West Africa. Int J Hypertens 2016; 2016:3192149. [PMID: 26949543 PMCID: PMC4754493 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3192149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This review was undertaken to estimate the mean blood pressure and evaluate its determinants as well as the determinants of hypertension among workers in West Africa. Methods. In a follow-up to an earlier study, a systematic search for articles published between 1980 and August 2015 was undertaken using major databases. Results. A total of 55 articles involving 34,919 different cadres of workers from six countries were retrieved. The mean systolic blood pressure (BP) ranged from 116.6 ± 1.3 mmHg to 151.7 ± 13.6 mmHg while the mean diastolic BP ranged from 69.6 ± 11.0 mmHg to 97.1 ± 9.1 mmHg. Population-wide prehypertension was common. The major determinants of mean BP and hypertension were similar and included male sex, older age group, higher socioeconomic status, obesity, alcohol consumption, plasma glucose, and sodium excretion. Ethnicity and educational level were inconsistently associated with hypertension. Workers at higher risk of cardiovascular event did not perceive themselves as such. Conclusion. The prevailing mean prehypertensive BP, low perception of risk, and clustering of risk factors call for interventions such as healthy diets, improved physical activity, and a favourable work environment. Successful models for improving the cardiovascular health of sedentary informal sector workers in Africa are urgently needed.
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