101
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Pereira BI, Akbar AN. Convergence of Innate and Adaptive Immunity during Human Aging. Front Immunol 2016; 7:445. [PMID: 27867379 PMCID: PMC5095488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with profound changes in the human immune system, a phenomenon referred to as immunosenescence. This complex immune remodeling affects the adaptive immune system and the CD8+ T cell compartment in particular, leading to the accumulation of terminally differentiated T cells, which can rapidly exert their effector functions at the expenses of a limited proliferative potential. In this review, we will discuss evidence suggesting that senescent αβCD8+ T cells acquire the hallmarks of innate-like T cells and use recently acquired NK cell receptors as an alternative mechanism to mediate rapid effector functions. These cells concomitantly lose expression of co-stimulatory receptors and exhibit decreased T cell receptor signaling, suggesting a functional shift away from antigen-specific activation. The convergence of innate and adaptive features in senescent T cells challenges the classic division between innate and adaptive immune systems. Innate-like T cells are particularly important for stress and tumor surveillance, and we propose a new role for these cells in aging, where the acquisition of innate-like functions may represent a beneficial adaptation to an increased burden of malignancy with age, although it may also pose a higher risk of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branca I Pereira
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , UK
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102
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He G, Zheng C, Huo H, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Li J, Zhang H. TACE combined with dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:436-442. [PMID: 27716591 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a fatal cancer, have benefited significantly from TACE (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) and immunotherapy treatments. Immunotherapy that includes dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) in combination with TACE has been extensively applied in cases of HCC. Few decisive conclusions about these combined effects on the outcomes of HCC patients have been reached. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of the combined usage of DC-CIK with TACE with a TACE therapy alone on the outcomes of HCC patients. Participants were enrolled in eight eligible trials. The efficiency and safety of TACE followed by DC-CIK immunotherapy (experimental group) and of TACE alone (control group) were compared. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that TACE plus DC-CIK immunotherapy is possibly superior to TACE alone in promoting a better overall response, for half-year, 1-year, and 2-year overall survival (OS), median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival rates (PFS) in HCC patients. Further studies should be performed to confirm the effect of the combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi He
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Guangming New District People's Hospital, 339# Songbai road, Gongming Street, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Chenhong Zheng
- No. 2 Clinic, Logistic Support Department, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Huiping Huo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Guangming New District People's Hospital, 339# Songbai road, Gongming Street, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- No. 2 Clinic, Logistic Support Department, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhiquan Zhu
- No. 2 Clinic, Logistic Support Department, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Junlai Li
- Department of Ultrasound, South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
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103
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Bremm M, Huenecke S, Zimmermann O, Pfirrmann V, Quaiser A, Bonig H, Soerensen J, Klingebiel T, Rettinger E, Bader P, Cappel C. In-vitro influence of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and Ciclosporin A (CsA) on cytokine induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2016; 14:264. [PMID: 27620209 PMCID: PMC5020454 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokine-induced-killer (CIK) cells are a promising immunotherapeutic approach for impending relapse following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, there is a high risk for treatment failure associated with severe graft versus host disease (GvHD) necessitating pharmaceutical intervention post-transplant. Whether immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or Ciclosporin A (CsA) influences the cytotoxic effect of CIK cell immunotherapy is still an open issue. Methods CIK cells were generated from PBMC as previously described followed by co-incubation with mycophenolic acid (MPA) or CsA. Proliferation, cytotoxicity and receptor expression were investigated following short- (24 h), intermediate- (3 days) and long-term (7 days) MPA incubation with the intention to simulate the in vivo situation when CIK cells were given to a patient with relevant MPA/CsA plasma levels. Results Short-term MPA treatment led to unchanged proliferation capacity and barely had any effect on viability and cytotoxic capability in vitro. The composition of CIK cells with respect to T-, NK-like T- and NK cells remained stable. Intermediate MPA treatment lacked effects on NKG2D, FasL and TRAIL receptor expression, while an influence on proliferation and viability was detectable. Furthermore, long-term treatment significantly impaired proliferation, restricted viability and drastically reduced migration-relevant receptors accompanied by an alteration in the CD4/CD8 ratio. CD3+CD56+ cells upregulated receptors relevant for CIK cell killing and migration, whereas T cells showed the most interference through significant reductions in receptor expression. Interestingly, CsA treatment had no significant influence on CIK cell viability and the cytotoxic potential against K562. Conclusions Our data indicate that if immunosuppressant therapy is indispensable, efficacy of CIK cells is maintained at least short-term, although more frequent dosing might be necessary. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1024-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bremm
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Sabine Huenecke
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Olga Zimmermann
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Verena Pfirrmann
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Quaiser
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Division for Translational Development of Cellular Therapeutics, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jan Soerensen
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Eva Rettinger
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Cappel
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Yuan YH, Zhou CF, Yuan J, Liu L, Guo XR, Wang XL, Ding Y, Wang XN, Li DS, Tu HJ. NaHCO 3 enhances the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer cells against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3167-3174. [PMID: 27899977 PMCID: PMC5103916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular pH is lower inside solid tumors than in normal tissue. The acidic environment inhibits the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in vitro and promotes tumor cell invasion. In the present study, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate how NaHCO3 would affect the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. For the in vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were cultured at pH 6.5 and 7.4 in the presence of CIK cells or CIK cell-conditioned medium (CMCIK). For the in vivo experiments, nude mice were xenografted with HepG2-luc cells and divided into four groups: i) CIK cells injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; ii) CIK cells injection plus drinking water feeding; iii) normal saline injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; and iv) normal saline injection plus drinking water feeding. The results indicated that the viability and growth rate of HepG2 cells were remarkably suppressed when co-cultured with CIK cells or CMCIK at pH 7.4 compared with those of HepG2 cells cultured under the same conditions but at pH 6.5. In the xenograft study, a marked synergistic antitumor effect of the combined therapy was observed. NaHCO3 feeding augmented the infiltration of cluster of differentiation 3-positive T lymphocytes into the tumor mass. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the antitumor activities of CIK cells against HepG2 cells were negatively affected by the acidic environment inside the tumors, and neutralizing the pH (for example, via NaHCO3 administration), could therefore reduce or eliminate this influence. In addition, it should be recommended that oncologists routinely prescribe soda water to their patients, particularly during CIK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Fang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Rong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Nan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Han Jun Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Iudicone P, Fioravanti D, Cicchetti E, Zizzari IG, Pandolfi A, Scocchera R, Fazzina R, Pierelli L. Interleukin-15 enhances cytokine induced killer (CIK) cytotoxic potential against epithelial cancer cell lines via an innate pathway. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1239-1247. [PMID: 27615504 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CIK cells are a subset of effector lymphocytes endowed with a non-MHC restricted anti-tumor activity making them an appealing and promising cell population for adoptive immunotherapy. CIK are usually generated ex-vivo by initial priming with Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and monoclonal antibody against CD3 (anti-CD3), followed by culture in medium containing Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Interleukin-15 (IL-15) shares with IL-2 similar biological functions and recently it has been reported to induce CIK with increased anti-leukemic potential. The aim of the study was to compare the killing efficacy of CIK generated by IL-2 alone or IL-2 and IL-15 toward tumor targets of different origins, leukemic cells and malignant cells from epithelial solid tumors. CIK bulk cultures were examined for cell proliferation, surface phenotype and cytotoxic potential against tumor cell lines K562, HL60, HeLa and MCF-7. The results showed that IL-15 is able to induce a selective expansion of CIK cells, but it is less effective in sustaining CIK cell proliferation compared to IL-2. Conversely, our data confirm and reinforce the feature of IL-15 to induce CIK cells with a potent cytotoxic activity mostly against tumor cells from epithelial solid malignancies via NKG2D-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Iudicone
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fioravanti
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cicchetti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annino Pandolfi
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Scocchera
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pierelli
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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106
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Chu H, Du F, Jiang L, Wang Z, Gong Z, Lian P, Li P, Chen J. The Efficacy of CIK-Based Immunotherapies for Advanced Solid Tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:577-585. [PMID: 27436839 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616659163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapies in patients with advanced malignant solid tumors and the difference in clinical efficiency among 3 kinds of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapies. METHODS One hundred forty-six cases with advanced solid tumor, 230 cycles of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapies, were involved in this study. T-lymphocyte subsets, carcinoembryonic antigen, and adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS CD3+ T lymphocyte, Th, NKT, and Th/Tc were increased after cytokine-induced killer cell-based treatment, from 55.67 ± 3.64 to 84.12 ± 5.15, 26.56 ± 4.47 to 42.76 ± 3.68, 1.82 ± 0.58 to 7.08 ± 0.92, 0.79 ± 3.64 to 1.35 ± 0.20, respectively ( P < .001). Carcinoembryonic antigen was decreased from 398.39 ± 219.16 to 127.26 ± 153.41 ( P < .001). Difference values were greater than 0 ( P < .001). Difference value of carcinoembryonic antigen was obviously less than 0 ( P < .001). There was no obvious difference in all variations between cytokine-induced killer cell and DC+CIK groups ( P > .05). The highest amount of CD3+ T lymphocyte and Th was recorded after at least 4 cycles of immunotherapy. And CD8+ T/CD4+ T also began to decrease after 4 cycles of immunotherapy. Difference value of T lymphocyte and Tc of patients with surgery is higher than that of patients without surgery. CONCLUSION Cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapy is capable of increasing T-lymphocyte subsets, recovering cellular immunity without severe side effects, and is suitable for different kinds of solid cancer. Clinical efficiency of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapy is influenced by many factors such as surgery, stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Chu
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Du
- 2 The First Clinical College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- 3 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Gong
- 4 Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Lian
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- 4 Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,4 Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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107
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Ye JF, Lin YQ, Yu XH, Liu MY, Li Y. Immunotherapeutic effects of cytokine-induced killer cells combined with CCL21/IL15 armed oncolytic adenovirus in TERT-positive tumor cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:460-7. [PMID: 27380620 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effective antitumor immune responses are dependent on coordinate interaction of various effector cells. Thus, the combination of adoptive immunotherapy and target gene therapy is capable of efficiently generating a productive antitumor immune response. We investigated whether combination of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells adoptive immunotherapy and CCL21/IL15 armed oncolytic adenovirus could induce the enhanced antitumor activity. The CCL21/IL15 co-expression oncolytic adenoviruses were constructed by using the AdEasy system, which uses homologous recombination with shuttle plasmids and full length Ad backbones. This conditionally replicating adenoviruses CRAd-CCL21-IL15 could induce apoptosis in TERTp-positive tumor cells for viral propagation, but do not replicate efficiently in normal cells, because the E1A promoter was replaced by telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp). Our results showed that the combination of CIK cells and CRAd-CCL21-IL15 could induce higher antitumor activity than either CIK cells or CRAd-CCL21-IL15 alone. This combined treatment could induce the tumor specific cytotoxicity of CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) in vitro. Moreover, the treatment of established tumors with the combined therapy of CIK cells and CRAd-CCL21-IL15 resulted in tumor regression. This study suggests that the combined treatment by adoptive immunotherapy and gene therapy is a promising strategy for the therapy of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lin
- Ultrasonography department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiu-Hua Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Ming-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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Increased Efficacy of Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) in Combination with Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells in Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071056. [PMID: 27376285 PMCID: PMC4964432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) is an antibody–drug conjugate with a high selectivity against CD30+ cell lines and more than 300-fold less activity against antigen-negative cells. In the last years, the results of many in vitro and in vivo studies have led to the fast approval of this drug to treat lymphoma patients. Another innovative method to treat tumor cells including lymphoma cells is the use cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, which have also been approved and proven to be a safe treatment with only minor adverse events. In this study, a possible additive effect when combining SGN-35 with CIK cells was investigated. The combinational treatment showed that it reduces the viability of CD30+ cell lines significantly in vitro. Additionally, the amount of lymphoma cells was significantly reduced when exposed to CIK cells as well as when exposed to SGN-35. A significant negative effect of SGN-35 on the function of CIK cells could be excluded. These results lead to the assumption that SGN-35 and CIK cells in combination might achieve better results in an in vitro setting compared to the single use of SGN-35 and CIK cells. Further investigations in in vivo models must be conducted to obtain a better understanding of the exact mechanisms of both treatments when applied in combination.
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109
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Cappuzzello E, Tosi A, Zanovello P, Sommaggio R, Rosato A. Retargeting cytokine-induced killer cell activity by CD16 engagement with clinical-grade antibodies. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1199311. [PMID: 27622068 PMCID: PMC5007963 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1199311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced Killer (CIK) cells are a heterogeneous population of ex vivo expanded T lymphocytes capable of MHC-unrestricted antitumor activity, which share phenotypic and functional features with both NK and T cells. Preclinical data and initial clinical studies demonstrated their high tolerability in vivo, supporting CIK cells as a promising cell population for adoptive cell immunotherapy. In this study, we report for the first time that CIK cells display a donor-dependent expression of CD16, which can be engaged by trastuzumab or cetuximab to exert a potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, leading to an increased lytic activity in vitro, and an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Thus, an efficient tumor antigen-specific retargeting can be achieved by a combination therapy with clinical-grade monoclonal antibodies already widely used in cancer therapy, and CIK cell populations that are easily expandable in very large numbers, inexpensive, safe and do not require genetic manipulations. Overall, these data provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Her2 and EGFR expressing tumors by adoptive cell therapy, which could find wide implementation and application, and could also be expanded to the use of additional therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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110
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Chen CL, Pan QZ, Zhao JJ, Wang Y, Li YQ, Wang QJ, Pan K, Weng DS, Jiang SS, Tang Y, Zhang XF, Zhang HX, Zhou ZQ, Zeng YX, Xia JC. PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker for cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1176653. [PMID: 27622026 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1176653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy represents an effective treatment strategy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the therapeutic benefits of CIK cell treatment can be influenced by differences in complex immune microenvironment between patients. Herein, we investigated the relationship between PD-L1 expression and survival benefits of CIK cell immunotherapy in HCC patients. This retrospective study included 448 HCC patients: 217 cases underwent hepatectomy alone; 231 cases received hepatectomy and post-operative CIK cell transfusion. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue sections from all patients. Meanwhile, flow cytometry was performed to explore the relationship between PD-L1 expression and localized inflammatory response in HCC microenvironment. We found a significantly improved prognosis in CIK treatment group compared with surgery alone group. In the CIK treatment group, higher PD-L1 expression was observed in patients who exhibited long-term survival benefit. Survival analysis showed patients with ≥5% PD-L1 expression had better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than patients with 1-5% or <1% PD-L1 expression, particularly in the subgroup with high hepatitis B viral load. By contrast, PD-L1 expression did not show direct impact on the survival of patients in surgery alone group. Additionally, PD-L1 expression was found to be highly associated with hepatitis B viral load and the proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HCC patients. In conclusions, our study indicates that PD-L1 expression may reflect the presence of endogenous host immune response to tumor and serve as a biomarker for predicting survival benefits from adjuvant CIK cell immunotherapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Long Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Jing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China; Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China; Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China; Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China; Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China; Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Braun M, Ress ML, Yoo YE, Scholz CJ, Eyrich M, Schlegel PG, Wölfl M. IL12-mediated sensitizing of T-cell receptor-dependent and -independent tumor cell killing. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1188245. [PMID: 27622043 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1188245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL12) is a key inflammatory cytokine critically influencing Th1/Tc1-T-cell responses at the time of initial antigen encounter. Therefore, it may be exploited for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we investigated how IL12, and other inflammatory cytokines, shape effector functions of human T-cells. Using a defined culture system, we followed the gradual differentiation and function of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells from their initial activation as naïve T cells through their expansion phase as early memory cells to full differentiation as clonally expanded effector T cells. The addition of IL12 8 days after the initial priming event initiated two mechanistically separate events: First, IL12 sensitized the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigen-specific activation, leading to an approximately 10-fold increase in peptide sensitivity and, in consequence, enhanced tumor cell killing. Secondly, IL12 enabled TCR/HLA-independent activation and cytotoxicity: this "non-specific" effect was mediated by the NK cell receptor DNAM1 (CD226) and dependent on ligand expression of the target cells. This IL12 regulated, DNAM1-mediated killing is dependent on src-kinases as well as on PTPRC (CD45) activity. Thus, besides enhancing TCR-mediated activation, we here identified for the first time a second IL12 mediated mechanism leading to activation of a receptor-dependent killing pathway via DNAM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Braun
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Else-Kröner Forschungskolleg for Interdisciplinary Translational Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie L Ress
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Young-Eun Yoo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claus J Scholz
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Clinical Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Clinical Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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The cytotoxic action of the CD56+ fraction of cytokine-induced killer cells against a K562 cell line is mainly restricted to the natural killer cell subset. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2016; 15:93-100. [PMID: 27136441 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0263-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine-induced killer cells are polyclonal T cells generated ex vivo and comprise two main subsets: the CD56- fraction, possessing an alloreactive potential caused by T cells (CD3+CD56-), and the CD56+ fraction, characterised by a strong antitumour capacity induced by natural killer-like T cells (NK-like T, CD3+CD56+) and natural killer cells (NK, CD3-CD56+ bright). MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the cytotoxic action of selected CD56+ cell subpopulations against a human chronic myeloid leukaemia (K562) cell line. RESULTS After immunomagnetic selection of the CD56+ cell fraction, NK bright cells (CD3-CD56+ bright) and two subsets of NK-like T cells (CD3+CD56+), called NK-like T CD56 dim and NK-like T CD56 bright, could be identified. The cytotoxic effect against K562 cells was mainly exerted by the NK bright subpopulation and resulted to be inversely correlated with the percentage of NK-like T CD56 dim cells in the culture. The lytic action appeared to be independent of cell degranulation as suggested by the lack of change in the expression of CD107a. DISCUSSION We conclude that the cytotoxic action of CD56+ cells against a K562 cell line is mainly due to the NK cells.
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Kim JS, Kim YG, Park EJ, Kim B, Lee HK, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Cell-based Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Cytokine-induced Killer Cells. Immune Netw 2016; 16:99-108. [PMID: 27162526 PMCID: PMC4853502 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer worldwide. Although incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are gradually decreasing in the US, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer have poor prognosis with an estimated 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Over the past decade, advances in combination chemotherapy regimens for colorectal cancer have led to significant improvement in progression-free and overall survival. However, patients with metastatic disease gain little clinical benefit from conventional therapy, which is associated with grade 3~4 toxicity with negative effects on quality of life. In previous clinical studies, cell-based immunotherapy using dendritic cell vaccines and sentinel lymph node T cell therapy showed promising therapeutic results for metastatic colorectal cancer. In our preclinical and previous clinical studies, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells treatment for colorectal cancer showed favorable responses without toxicities. Here, we review current treatment options for colorectal cancer and summarize available clinical studies utilizing cell-based immunotherapy. Based on these studies, we recommend the use CIK cell therapy as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yong Guk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eun Jae Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Boyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Augmented CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56− cells in cytokine-induced killer cells cultured with engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement from heavily pretreated patients with solid tumor. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:581-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vu BT, Phan NK, Van Pham P. Cytokine-induced killer cell transplantation: an innovative adoptive therapy. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-016-0010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Golay J, Choblet S, Iwaszkiewicz J, Cérutti P, Ozil A, Loisel S, Pugnière M, Ubiali G, Zoete V, Michielin O, Berthou C, Kadouche J, Mach JP, Duonor-Cérutti M. Design and Validation of a Novel Generic Platform for the Production of Tetravalent IgG1-like Bispecific Antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3199-211. [PMID: 26921308 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and validated a novel generic platform for production of tetravalent IgG1-like chimeric bispecific Abs. The VH-CH1-hinge domains of mAb2 are fused through a peptidic linker to the N terminus of mAb1 H chain, and paired mutations at the CH1-CL interface mAb1 are introduced that force the correct pairing of the two different free L chains. Two different sets of these CH1-CL interface mutations, called CR3 and MUT4, were designed and tested, and prototypic bispecific Abs directed against CD5 and HLA-DR were produced (CD5xDR). Two different hinge sequences between mAb1 and mAb2 were also tested in the CD5xDR-CR3 or -MUT4 background, leading to bispecific Ab (BsAbs) with a more rigid or flexible structure. All four Abs produced bound with good specificity and affinity to CD5 and HLA-DR present either on the same target or on different cells. Indeed, the BsAbs were able to efficiently redirect killing of HLA-DR(+) leukemic cells by human CD5(+) cytokine-induced killer T cells. Finally, all BsAbs had a functional Fc, as shown by their capacity to activate human complement and NK cells and to mediate phagocytosis. CD5xDR-CR3 was chosen as the best format because it had overall the highest functional activity and was very stable in vitro in both neutral buffer and in serum. In vivo, CD5xDR-CR3 was shown to have significant therapeutic activity in a xenograft model of human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani," Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPS3044 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," F-30380 Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
| | - Justyna Iwaszkiewicz
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Cérutti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPS3044 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," F-30380 Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
| | - Annick Ozil
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPS3044 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," F-30380 Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
| | - Séverine Loisel
- Animalerie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bretagne Occidentale-Université Européenne de Bretagne, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- INSERM, U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Greta Ubiali
- Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani," Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Département d'oncologie, Université de Lausanne-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean Kadouche
- MAT Biopharma, 91030 Evry, France; Immune Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York, NY 10016
| | - Jean-Pierre Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; and Biomunex Pharmaceuticals, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Martine Duonor-Cérutti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPS3044 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," F-30380 Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Li R, Shang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li W, Yang Y, Zhang X, Yang T, Nie C, Han F, Liu Y, Luo S, Gao Q, Song Y. Autologous cytokine-induced killer cell transfusion increases overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:6. [PMID: 26842696 PMCID: PMC4740990 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) has very poor prognosis with present treatments, thus necessitating continued efforts to find improved therapeutic approaches. Both preclinical and preliminary clinical data indicate that cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are an effective tool against various types of solid tumors. Here, we conducted a study to determine whether CIK cell-based therapy (CBT) can improve the outcomes of advanced PC. Methods Eighty-two patients with advanced PC, whose predicted survival time was longer than 3 months, were analyzed retrospectively. Of all the patients, 57 individuals were receiving chemotherapy, while the remaining 25 individuals were treated with CBT. Results The overall survival analysis was based on 48 deaths in the 57 patients in the chemotherapy group (84.2 %) and 18 deaths in the 25 patients in the CBT group (72.0 %). In the CBT group, the median overall survival time was 13.5 months, as compared to 6.6 months in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio for death, 0.39; 95 % confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.65; p < 0.001). The survival rate was 88.9 % in the CBT group versus 54.2 % in the chemotherapy group at 6 months, 61.1 % versus 12.5 % at 12 months, and 38.9 % versus 4.2 % at 18 months. The disease control rate was 68.0 % in the CBT group and 29.8 % in the chemotherapy group (p < 0.001). Conclusions These results from this retrospective analysis appeared to imply that CBT might prolong survival in these high-risk PC patients. Prospective study is needed to corroborate this observation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0237-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibing Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Rui'e Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yiman Shang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Lingdi Zhao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yonghao Yang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Tiejun Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Changfu Nie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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Vu BT, Duong QTN, Le PM, Pham PV. Culture and differentiation of cytokine-induced killer cells from umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-016-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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119
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Rettinger E, Huenecke S, Bonig H, Merker M, Jarisch A, Soerensen J, Willasch A, Bug G, Schulz A, Klingebiel T, Bader P. Interleukin-15-activated cytokine-induced killer cells may sustain remission in leukemia patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: feasibility, safety and first insights on efficacy. Haematologica 2016; 101:e153-6. [PMID: 26768688 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.138016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rettinger
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
| | - Sabine Huenecke
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Department of Cellular Therapeutics / Cell Processing (GMP), Frankfurt/Main, Germany University of Washington, Department of Medicine/Hematology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Merker
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
| | - Andrea Jarisch
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
| | - Jan Soerensen
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
| | - Andre Willasch
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
| | - Gesine Bug
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Pediatrics, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Germany
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Pulliam SR, Uzhachenko RV, Adunyah SE, Shanker A. Common gamma chain cytokines in combinatorial immune strategies against cancer. Immunol Lett 2015; 169:61-72. [PMID: 26597610 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Common γ chain (γC) cytokines, namely IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 are important for the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of lymphocytes that display antitumor activity, thus stimulating considerable interest for the use of cytokines in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will focus on the γC cytokines that demonstrate the greatest potential for immunotherapy, IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21. We will briefly cover their biological function, potential applications in cancer therapy, and update on their use in combinatorial immune strategies for eradicating tumors and hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Pulliam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Roman V Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Wang J, Zhou J, Li Z, Han L, Gui R, Zhang Y, Song Y. [The first tumor relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a therapy- related acute myeloid leukemia patient: a case report and literature review]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2015; 36:960-2. [PMID: 26632473 PMCID: PMC7342416 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Hematopathy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Hematopathy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hematopathy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Department of Hematopathy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Ruirui Gui
- Department of Hematopathy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematopathy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematopathy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Davis ZB, Cooley SA, Cichocki F, Felices M, Wangen R, Luo X, DeFor TE, Bryceson YT, Diamond DJ, Brunstein C, Blazar BR, Wagner JE, Weisdorf DJ, Horowitz A, Guethlein LA, Parham P, Verneris MR, Miller JS. Adaptive Natural Killer Cell and Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-Expressing T Cell Responses are Induced by Cytomegalovirus and Are Associated with Protection against Cytomegalovirus Reactivation after Allogeneic Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:1653-62. [PMID: 26055301 PMCID: PMC4557961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivates in >30% of CMV-seropositive patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Previously, we reported an increase of natural killer (NK) cells expressing NKG2C, CD57, and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in response to CMV reactivation after HCT. These NK cells persist after the resolution of infection and display "adaptive" or memory properties. Despite these findings, the differential impact of persistent/inactive versus reactivated CMV on NK versus T cell maturation after HCT from different graft sources has not been defined. We compared the phenotype of NK and T cells from 292 recipients of allogeneic sibling (n = 118) or umbilical cord blood (UCB; n = 174) grafts based on recipient pretransplantation CMV serostatus and post-HCT CMV reactivation. This cohort was utilized to evaluate CMV-dependent increases in KIR-expressing NK cells exhibiting an adaptive phenotype (NKG2C(+)CD57(+)). Compared with CMV-seronegative recipients, those who reactivated CMV had the highest adaptive cell frequencies, whereas intermediate frequencies were observed in CMV-seropositive recipients harboring persistent/nonreplicating CMV. The same effect was observed in T cells and CD56(+) T cells. These adaptive lymphocyte subsets were increased in CMV-seropositive recipients of sibling but not UCB grafts and were correlated with lower rates of CMV reactivation (sibling 33% versus UCB 51%; P < .01). These data suggest that persistent/nonreplicating recipient CMV induces rapid production of adaptive NK and T cells from mature cells from sibling but not UCB grafts. These adaptive lymphocytes are associated with protection from CMV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Davis
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah A Cooley
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Frank Cichocki
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martin Felices
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rose Wangen
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd E DeFor
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Don J Diamond
- Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Claudio Brunstein
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Pediatric, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John E Wagner
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Pediatric, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Weisdorf
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Structural Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Structural Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Peter Parham
- Structural Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Pediatric, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Giraudo L, Gammaitoni L, Cangemi M, Rotolo R, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. Cytokine-induced killer cells as immunotherapy for solid tumors: current evidence and perspectives. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:999-1010. [PMID: 26310715 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are ex vivo expanded T lymphocytes endowed with potent MHC-independent antitumor activity. CIK cells are emerging as promising therapeutic approach in the field of cancer adoptive immunotherapy, with biologic features favoring their transferability into clinical applications. Aim of this review is to present the biologic characteristic of CIK cells, discussing the main preclinical findings and initial clinical applications in the field of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Giraudo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Cangemi
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Ramona Rotolo
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Division & Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO- IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
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125
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Almehmadi M, Hammad A, Heyworth S, Moberly J, Middleton D, Hopkins MJ, Hart IJ, Christmas SE. CD56+ T cells are increased in kidney transplant patients following cytomegalovirus infection. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:518-26. [PMID: 26039898 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD56+ T cells previously have been identified as potentially cytotoxic lymphocytes, and relative numbers are increased in some infectious diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Relative proportions of CD56+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry in groups of renal transplant patients differing in cytomegalovirus (CMV) status of donor (D) and recipient (R). These measurements were related to episodes of CMV viremia. RESULTS Patient groups in which recipients (R+) or donors (D+/R-) were CMV+ had significantly higher proportions of CD56+ T cells (5.11 ± 0.69% and 5.42 ± 1.01%, respectively) than the D-/R- group (1.9 ± 0.35%; P = 0.0018 and 0.017, respectively). In the high-risk D+/R- group, it was found that patients who had post-transplant CMV viremia had higher levels than those who remained CMV negative (9.09 ± 2.34% vs. 3.16 ± 1.22%; P = 0.01). CD56+ T cells from R+ and D+/R- groups had higher proportions of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells than the D-/R- group. When activation markers were examined, some CD56+ T cells from both CMV+ groups had a TEM phenotype, with significantly more expressing CD45RO and NKG2C, and less expressing CD28, CD62L, CD127, and CD161 compared to the D-/R- group. Some CD56+ T cells showed specificity for CMV antigens and similar proportions of CD8+ cells were positive for class I HLA-CMV tetramers containing immunodominant CMV peptides compared to the majority CD56- T cells. CONCLUSION The results show significant increases in proportions of CD56+ T cells in relation to CMV infection in renal transplant patients and suggest that these cells have a cytotoxic function against CMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Applied Medical Sciences College Al-hada, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Hammad
- Transplant Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Heyworth
- Transplant Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Moberly
- Transplant Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Middleton
- Transplant Immunology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - M J Hopkins
- Liverpool Specialist Virology Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - I J Hart
- Liverpool Specialist Virology Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S E Christmas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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126
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Pfirrmann V, Oelsner S, Rettinger E, Huenecke S, Bonig H, Merker M, Wels WS, Cinatl J, Schubert R, Klingebiel T, Bader P. Cytomegalovirus-specific cytokine-induced killer cells: concurrent targeting of leukemia and cytomegalovirus. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1139-51. [PMID: 26072027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and reactivation is a leading complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In addition to drug treatment, the adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells to restore cellular immunity has become a standard therapy after allogeneic HSCT. We recently demonstrated potent anti-leukemic activity of interleukin (IL)-15-activated cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. With the use of the same expansion protocol, we asked whether concurrent CMV antigen-pulsing might generate CIK cells with anti-leukemic and anti-CMV activity. METHODS CIK cells expanded in the presence of interferon-γ, IL-2, IL-15 and anti-CD3 antibody were pulsed once with CMV(pp65) peptide pool. CMV-specific CIK (CIK(pp65)) and conventional CIK cells were phenotypically and functionally characterized according to their cytokine secretion pattern, degranulation capacity and T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated and NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity. RESULTS We demonstrated that among CIK cells generated from CMV-seropositive donors, a single stimulation with CMV(pp65) protein co-expanded cytotoxic CMV-specific cells without sacrificing anti-tumor reactivity. Cells generated in this fashion lysed CMV(pp65)-loaded target cells and CMV-infected fibroblasts but also leukemic cells. Meanwhile, the alloreactive potential of CIK(pp65) cells remained low. Interestingly, CMV reactivity was TCR-mediated and CMV-specific cells could be found in CD3(+)CD8(+)CD56(+/-) cytotoxic T-cell subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS We provide an efficient method to generate CIK(pp65) cells that may represent a useful cell therapy approach for preemptive immunotherapy in patients who have both an apparent risk of CMV and impending leukemic relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pfirrmann
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Sarah Oelsner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Eva Rettinger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Huenecke
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Merker
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division of Allergology, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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127
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Lee JH, Lee JH, Lim YS, Yeon JE, Song TJ, Yu SJ, Gwak GY, Kim KM, Kim YJ, Lee JW, Yoon JH. Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1383-91.e6. [PMID: 25747273 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS No adjuvant therapy has been shown to extend the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving curative treatment. We investigated whether injections of activated cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (CD3+/CD56+ and CD3+/CD56- T cells and CD3-/CD56+ natural killer cells) prolongs recurrence-free survival of patients after curative therapy for HCC. METHODS We performed a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial of the efficacy and safety of adjuvant immunotherapy with activated CIK cells (created by incubation of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells with interleukin 2 and an antibody against CD3). The study included 230 patients with HCC treated by surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, or percutaneous ethanol injection at university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. Patients were assigned randomly to receive immunotherapy (injection of 6.4 × 10(9) autologous CIK cells, 16 times during 60 weeks) or no adjuvant therapy (controls). The primary end point was recurrence-free survival; secondary end points included overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and safety. RESULTS The median time of recurrence-free survival was 44.0 months in the immunotherapy group and 30.0 months in the control group (hazard ratio with immunotherapy, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.94; P = .010 by 1-sided log-rank test). Hazard ratios also were lower in the immunotherapy than in the control group for all-cause death (0.21; 95% CI, 0.06-0.75; P = .008) and cancer-related death (0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.87; P = .02). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the immunotherapy group than in the control group had an adverse event (62% vs 41%; P = .002), but the proportion of patients with serious adverse events did not differ significantly between groups (7.8% vs 3.5%; P = .15). CONCLUSIONS In patients who underwent curative treatment for HCC, adjuvant immunotherapy with activated CIK cells increased recurrence-free and overall survival. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00699816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyeok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Yeon
- The Liver Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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128
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Zhang Q, Liu XY, Zhang T, Zhang XF, Zhao L, Long F, Liu ZK, Wang EH. The dual-functional capability of cytokine-induced killer cells and application in tumor immunology. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:385-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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129
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Kim JS, Kim YG, Pyo M, Lee HK, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Adoptive Cell Therapy of Melanoma with Cytokine-induced Killer Cells. Immune Netw 2015; 15:58-65. [PMID: 25922594 PMCID: PMC4411510 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and its incidence is gradually increasing worldwide. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a very poor prognosis (estimated 5-year survival rate of <16%). In the last few years, several drugs have been approved for malignant melanoma, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockades. Although new therapeutic agents have improved progression-free and overall survival, their use is limited by drug resistance and drug-related toxicity. At the same time, adoptive cell therapy of metastatic melanoma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the currently available drugs for treatment of malignant melanoma. In addition, we suggest cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as another candidate approach for adoptive cell therapy of melanoma. Our preclinical study and several previous studies have shown that CIK cells have potent anti-tumor activity against melanomas in vitro and in an in vivo human tumor xenograft model without any toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Yong Guk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Minji Pyo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
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130
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Bullok KF, Sippel C, Schmidt-Wolf IG. Increased effect of IMiDs by addition of cytokine-induced killer cells in multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol 2015; 34:208-216. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F. Bullok
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO); Universitätsklinikum Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Sippel
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO); Universitätsklinikum Bonn; Bonn Germany
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131
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Fagan KJ, Rogers GB, Melino M, Arthur DM, Costello ME, Morrison M, Powell EE, Irvine KM. Ascites bacterial burden and immune cell profile are associated with poor clinical outcomes in the absence of overt infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120642. [PMID: 25781164 PMCID: PMC4364017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections, most commonly spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with ascites, occur in one third of admitted patients with cirrhosis, and account for a 4-fold increase in mortality. Bacteria are isolated from less than 40% of ascites infections by culture, necessitating empirical antibiotic treatment, but culture-independent studies suggest bacteria are commonly present, even in the absence of overt infection. Widespread detection of low levels of bacteria in ascites, in the absence of peritonitis, suggests immune impairment may contribute to higher susceptibility to infection in cirrhotic patients. However, little is known about the role of ascites leukocyte composition and function in this context. We determined ascites bacterial composition by quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 25 patients with culture-negative, non-neutrocytic ascites, and compared microbiological data with ascites and peripheral blood leukocyte composition and phenotype. Bacterial DNA was detected in ascitic fluid from 23 of 25 patients, with significant positive correlations between bacterial DNA levels and poor 6-month clinical outcomes (death, readmission). Ascites leukocyte composition was variable, but dominated by macrophages or T lymphocytes, with lower numbers of B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Consistent with the hypothesis that impaired innate immunity contributes to susceptibility to infection, high bacterial DNA burden was associated with reduced major histocompatibility complex class II expression on ascites (but not peripheral blood) monocytes/macrophages. These data indicate an association between the presence of ascites bacterial DNA and early death and readmission in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. They further suggest that impairment of innate immunity contributes to increased bacterial translocation, risk of peritonitis, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Fagan
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- SAHMRI Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Melino
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dionne M. Arthur
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary-Ellen Costello
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Powell
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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132
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Guo Y, Han W. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells: from basic research to clinical translation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:99-107. [PMID: 25962508 PMCID: PMC4593361 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of basic researches and clinical studies related to cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells has confirmed their safety and feasibility in treating malignant diseases. This review summarizes the available published literature related to the biological characteristics and clinical applications of CIK cells in recent years. A number of clinical trials with CIK cells have been implemented during the progressive phases of cancer, presenting potential widespread applications of CIK cells for the future. Furthermore, this review briefly compares clinical applications of CIK cells with those of other adoptive immunotherapeutic cells. However, at present, there are no uniform criteria or large-scale preparations of CIK cells. The overall clinical response is difficult to evaluate because of the use of autologous CIK cells. Based on these observations, several suggestions regarding uniform criteria and universal sources for CIK cell preparations and the use of CIK cells either combined with chemotherapy or alone as a primary strategy are briefly proposed in this review. Large-scale, controlled, grouped, and multi-center clinical trials on CIK cell-based immunotherapy should be conducted under strict supervision. These interventions might help to improve future clinical applications and increase the clinical curative effects of CIK cells for a broad range of malignancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelei Guo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.
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133
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Wang W, Qin S, Zhao L. Docetaxel enhances CD3+ CD56+ cytokine-induced killer cells-mediated killing through inducing tumor cells phenotype modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 69:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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134
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Yang XY, Zeng H, Chen FP. Cytokine-induced killer cells: A novel immunotherapy strategy for leukemia. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:535-541. [PMID: 25621022 PMCID: PMC4301482 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are NK-like T cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells that are co-stimulated and expanded using cytokines for 14–21 days in vitro. CIK cells are a heterogeneous subset of highly-efficient cytotoxic T effector cells that mediate major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytotoxicity against a broad array of tumor cells. These effector cells are generated from patients with leukemia or healthy donors who demonstrate similar cytotoxic activity against leukemia blasts. Allogeneic CIK cells retain the ability to produce the graft versus tumor response and generate minimal graft versus host disease. In addition, CIK cells possess no cytotoxicity against normal hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. Leukemia recurrence remains a formidable obstacle, but adoptive immunotherapy offers promise for the eradication of minimal residual disease and prevention of leukemia relapse following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CIK cell infusion started a novel generation of adoptive immunotherapy and exhibits particular potential applications in the area of hematological malignancy. In the present study, the previous strategies of leukemia immunotherapy using CIK cells are reviewed and the future directions of development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Yang
- Depatment of Haematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Ping Chen
- Depatment of Haematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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135
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Shen Y, Liu Q, Luo Y, Zhang P, Bai F, Cheng S, Lou S. Enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of cytokine-induced killer cells transfected with IL3PE38KDEL gene against acute myeloid leukemia cells. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:2019-28. [PMID: 25029985 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, one of the feasible and effective methods of adoptive immunotherapy, have shown anti-leukemia activity in vivo and in vitro. But the strategy exhibits limited cytotoxic activity in clinical studies. In this study, CIK cells were transfected with an interleukin-3/Pseudomonas exotoxin gene (IL3PE38KDEL). RT-PCR and ELISA were used to verify the expression of IL3PE38KDEL in the transfected CIK cells. These cells released 1,186.7 ± 149.6 pg IL3PE38KDEL/10(4) cells over 48 h into the medium and the culture supernatant selectively killed IL3 receptor(IL3R)-positive HL60 cells, but not IL3R-negative K562 cells. Moreover, IL3PE38KDEL transfection did not influence phenotypes and cytokine production of CIK cells. Co-cultured with leukemia cells, IL3PE38KDEL transfected CIK cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity against IL3R-positive HL60 cells at all effector-to-target (E:T) ratios, but exerted a basal anti-leukemia activity against IL3R-negative K562 cells. Our findings demonstrate that IL3PE38KDEL gene transfection may be a novel strategy for improving anti-leukemia activity of CIK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road 76, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Zarogoulidis P, Lampaki S, Yarmus L, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Katsikogiannis N, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Li Q, Huang H, Sakkas A, Organtzis J, Sakkas L, Mpoukovinas I, Tsakiridis K, Lazaridis G, Syrigos K, Zarogoulidis K. Interleukin-7 and interleukin-15 for cancer. J Cancer 2014; 5:765-73. [PMID: 25368677 PMCID: PMC4216801 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 7 and 15 are considered powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines, they have the ability to destabilize chromosomes and induce tumorigenesis. Additionally, they can control malignancy proliferation by influencing the tumor microenvironment and immune system. Immunotherapy has been proposed as a treatment modality for malignancy for over a decade; the exact mechanisms of action and pathways are still under investigation. Interleukin 7 and 15 have been extensively investigated in hematological malignancies since their mode of action influences the stimulation of the immune system in a more direct way than other malignancies such as lung, melanoma, and breast, renal and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- 2. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, U.S.A
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsikogiannis
- 3. Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Qiang Li
- 5. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Huang
- 5. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonios Sakkas
- 6. Pathology Department, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John Organtzis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leonidas Sakkas
- 6. Pathology Department, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mpoukovinas
- 7. Oncology Department, ``BioMedicine`` Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 8. Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, ``Saint Luke`` Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Lazaridis
- 9. Oncology Department, ``G. Papageorgiou`` University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- 10. Oncology Department, ``Sotiria`` Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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137
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Mimura K, Kua LF, Shiraishi K, Kee Siang L, Shabbir A, Komachi M, Suzuki Y, Nakano T, Yong WP, So J, Kono K. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway can induce upregulation of human leukocyte antigen class I without PD-L1-upregulation in contrast to interferon-γ treatment. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1236-44. [PMID: 25154680 PMCID: PMC4462358 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression is predominantly regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as one of the oncogenic regulations of HLA class I expression. In the present study, we examined mechanisms of how HLA class I and PD-L1 are regulated by MAPK inhibitors and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of major signal transduction molecules by Western blot and anti-tumor CTL activity by a cytotoxic assay when HLA class I and PD-L1 were modulated by MAPK inhibitors and/or IFN-γ. As a result, we confirmed, as a more general phenomenon, that the inhibition of MAPK could upregulate HLA class I expression in a panel of human solid tumors (n = 26). Of note, we showed that MAPK inhibitors act on the upregulation of HLA class I expression through a different pathway from IFN-γ; there was an additive effect in the upregulation of HLA class I when treated with the combination of MAPK inhibitors and IFN-γ, and there was no overlapping activation of JAK2/STAT1 and Erk1/2 molecules when treated with either IFN-γ or MAPK inhibitors. Furthermore, we showed that IFN-γ–treatment impaired the tumor-specific CTL activity due to the upregulation of PD-L1 in spite of the upregulation of HLA class I, while MAPK inhibitors can augment the tumor-specific CTL activity due to the upregulated HLA class I without PD-L1 alterations. In conclusion, in addition to the original anti-proliferative activity, MAPK inhibitors may work toward the enhancement of T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity through the upregulation of HLA class I without the upregulation of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousaku Mimura
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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138
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Valgardsdottir R, Capitanio C, Texido G, Pende D, Cantoni C, Pesenti E, Rambaldi A, Golay J, Introna M. Direct involvement of CD56 in cytokine-induced killer-mediated lysis of CD56+ hematopoietic target cells. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:1013-21.e1. [PMID: 25201755 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are in-vitro-expanded T lymphocytes that represent a heterogeneous population. A large majority of CIK cells are CD3(+)CD56(+), and this population has been shown to confer a cytotoxic effect against tumor targets. The scope of this work was to study whether CD56 has a direct role in CIK-mediated cytotoxicity. Blocking of CD56 with the anti-CD56 monoclonal antibody GPR165 significantly reduced CIK-mediated lysis of three CD56(+) hematopoietic tumor cell lines (AML-NS8, NB4, and KCL22), whereas no effect was observed on three CD56(-) hematopoietic tumor cell lines (K562, REH, and MOLT-4). Knockdown of CD56 in CIK cells by short interfering RNA made the cells less cytotoxic against a CD56(+) target, and knockdown of CD56 in target cells with lentiviral short hairpin RNA significantly altered their susceptibility to CIK-mediated lysis. Our data suggest that homophilic interaction between CD56 molecules may occur in tumor-cell recognition, leading to CIK-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Valgardsdottir
- USS Centre of Cellular Therapy "G.Lanzani", USC Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, A.O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Capitanio
- USS Centre of Cellular Therapy "G.Lanzani", USC Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, A.O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Cantoni
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- USS Centre of Cellular Therapy "G.Lanzani", USC Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, A.O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Josée Golay
- USS Centre of Cellular Therapy "G.Lanzani", USC Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, A.O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- USS Centre of Cellular Therapy "G.Lanzani", USC Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, A.O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
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139
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Luo C, Shi Z, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Phenotypic and functional characterization of cytokine-induced killer cells derived from preterm and term infant cord blood. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2244-52. [PMID: 25176036 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood has gradually become an important source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the human, particularly in pediatric patients. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy of patients with hematologic malignancies after umbilical cord blood transplant is crucial. Cytokine‑induced killer (CIK) cells derived from cord blood are a new type of antitumor immune effector cells in tumor prevention and treatment and have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. On the other hand, it has been suggested that preterm infant cord blood retains an early differentiation phenotype suitable for immunotherapy. Therefore, we determined the phenotypic and functional characterization of CIK cells derived from preterm infant cord blood (PCB-CIK) compared with CIK cells from term infant cord blood (TCB-CIK). Twenty cord blood samples were collected and classified into two groups based on gestational age. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were isolated, cultured and induced to CIK cells in vitro. We used flow cytometry to detect cell surface markers, FlowJo software to analyze the proliferation profile and intracellular staining to test the secretion of cytokines. Finally, we evaluated the antitumor activity of CIK cells against K562 in vitro. Compared with TCB-CIK, PCB-CIK cells demonstrated faster proliferation and higher expression of activated cell surface markers. The secretion of IL-10 was lower in PCB-CIK cells while the expression of perforin and CD107a had no significant difference between the two cell groups. PCB-CIK cells exhibited a high proliferation rate while the cytotoxic activity had no difference between the PCB-CIK and TCB-CIK cells. Hence preterm infant cord blood may be a potential source for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chenghan Luo
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zanyang Shi
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xinru Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Newborn Disease Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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140
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Schmeel FC, Schmeel LC, Gast SM, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Adoptive immunotherapy strategies with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14632-48. [PMID: 25196601 PMCID: PMC4159872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a heterogeneous population of immune effector cells that feature a mixed T- and Natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype in their terminally-differentiated CD3+CD56+ subset. The easy availability, high proliferation rate and widely major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted antitumor activity of CIK cells contribute to their particularly advantageous profile, making them an attractive approach for adoptive immunotherapy. CIK cells have shown considerable cytotoxicity against both solid tumors and hematological malignancies in vitro and in animal studies. Recently, initial clinical experiences demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of CIK cell immunotherapy in cancer patients, even at advanced disease stages. Likewise, the clinical application of CIK cells in combination with standard therapeutic procedures revealed synergistic antitumor effects. In this report, we will focus our consideration on CIK cells in the treatment of hematological malignancies. We will give insight into the latest advances and future perspectives and outline the most prominent results obtained in 17 clinical studies. Overall, CIK cells demonstrated a crucial impact on the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies, as evidenced by complete remissions, prolonged survival durations and improved quality of life. However, up to now, the optimal application schedule eventually favoring their integration into clinical practice has still to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Carsten Schmeel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Leonard Christopher Schmeel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sanna-Marie Gast
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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141
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Cytotoxicity of CD56-positive lymphocytes against autologous B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2014; 29:788-97. [PMID: 25134458 PMCID: PMC4334757 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) affects hematopoietic development and therefore is associated with immune deficiencies that can be further exacerbated by chemotherapy. It is unclear if and when monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that stimulate antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) can be used for treatment because this depends on the presence of functional effector cells. Here, we used flow cytometry to determine that patient samples at diagnosis, post-induction and relapse contain detectable numbers of CD56+ cells. We were able to selectively expand CD56+ immune effector cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood samples at diagnosis and at various stages of treatment by co-culture with artificial antigen-presenting K562 clone 9.mbIL-21 cells. Amplified CD56+CD3- cells had spontaneous and anti-BAFF-R mAb-stimulated ADCC activity against autologous ALL cells, which could be further enhanced by IL15. Importantly, matched CD56+ effector cells also killed autologous ALL cells grown out from leukemia samples of the same patient, through both spontaneous as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Since autologous cell therapy will not be complicated by graft-versus-host disease, our results show that expanded CD56+ cells could be applied for treatment of pre-B-ALL without transplantation, or for purging of bone marrow in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplants.
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142
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Almehmadi M, Flanagan BF, Khan N, Alomar S, Christmas SE. Increased numbers and functional activity of CD56⁺ T cells in healthy cytomegalovirus positive subjects. Immunology 2014; 142:258-68. [PMID: 24433347 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T cells expressing CD56 are capable of tumour cell lysis following activation with interleukin-2 but their role in viral immunity has been less well studied. Proportions of CD56(+) T cells were found to be highly significantly increased in cytomegalovirus-seropositive (CMV(+) ) compared with seronegative (CMV(-) ) healthy subjects (9.1 ± 1.5% versus 3.7 ± 1.0%; P < 0.0001). Proportions of CD56(+) T cells expressing CD28, CD62L, CD127, CD161 and CCR7 were significantly lower in CMV(+) than CMV(-) subjects but those expressing CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD57, CD58, CD94 and NKG2C were significantly increased (P < 0.05), some having the phenotype of T effector memory cells. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD107a were significantly higher in CD56(+) T cells from CMV(+) than CMV(-) subjects following stimulation with CMV antigens. This also resulted in higher levels of proliferation in CD56(+) T cells from CMV(+) than CMV(-) subjects. Using Class I HLA pentamers, it was found that CD56(+) T cells from CMV(+) subjects contained similar proportions of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells to CD56(-) T cells in donors of several different HLA types. These differences may reflect the expansion and enhanced functional activity of CMV-specific CD56(+) memory T cells. In view of the link between CD56 expression and T-cell cytotoxic function, this strongly implicates CD56(+) T cells as being an important component of the cytotoxic T-cell response to CMV in healthy carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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143
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Wang H, Yang B, Chi X, Cai L, Yu R, Zhu H, Tuo S, Zhang F, Wang X, Yang Y, Wu X, Li S, Lu X. Ultra-Low-Dose Decitabine Combined With Autologous Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells for Elderly Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Transformed From Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Clin Ther 2014; 36:1104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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144
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Wang ZX, Li JL, Cao JX, Liu YS, Li D, Zhang XY, Wang M, Wu M, Xu BL, Liu JL, Wang HB. Cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma: a pooled meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:787-95. [PMID: 25186607 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) have been applied in multifarious cancer. Here, we address the connection between immune therapy and clinical responses by a systematic meta-analysis. A total of 385 patients (including 183 controls) were identified for renal cell cancer (RCC) in the seven selected trials. The estimated pooled complete response and partial response showed a significant improvement for patients receiving CIK immunotherapy compared with non-CIK therapy (p < 0.0001), which was up to 62% of clinical response. The overall analysis showed a significant survival benefit (1-year overall survival [OS]: p = 0.0002; 3-year OS: p < 0.0001) in favor of CIK-based therapy in RCC, thus a statistically significant effect of OS and clinical response was demonstrated in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xu Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun-Li Li
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun-Xia Cao
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi-Shan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Duo Li
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Wu
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bei-Lei Xu
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jin-Long Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
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145
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da Silva RF, Petta CA, Derchain SF, Alici E, Guimarães F. Up-regulation of DNAM-1 and NKp30, associated with improvement of NK cells activation after long-term culture of mononuclear cells from patients with ovarian neoplasia. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:777-84. [PMID: 24882570 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the functional activation and activating receptors expression on resting, short- and long-term NK and NK-like T cells from blood of ovarian neoplasia patients. Blood from patients with adnexal benign alterations (n = 10) and ovarian cancer (grade I-IV n = 14) were collected after signed consent. Effector cells activation was evaluated by the expression of the CD107a molecule. Short-term culture was conducted overnight with IL-2 and long-term culture for 21 days, by a method designed to expand CD56(+) lymphocytes. Short-term culture significantly increased NK cells activation compared to resting NK cells (p<0.05), however, the long-term procedure supported an even higher increase (p<0.001). Resting NK-like T cells showed poor activation, which was not altered by the culture procedures. The long-term culture effectively increased the expression of the activating receptors on NK and NK-like T cells, either by increasing the number of cells expressing a given receptor and/or by up-regulating their expression intensity. As a conclusion, the long-term culture system employed, resulted in a high number of functional NK cells. The culture system was particularly efficient on the up-regulation of NKp30 and DNAM-1 receptors on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernandes da Silva
- Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Petta
- Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Françoise Derchain
- Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Evren Alici
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando Guimarães
- Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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146
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Guo XX, Liu JQ, Chen FX, Lv XT, Chen YQ, Chen JQ. Shikonin induces cytotoxicity of co-stimulated human cells to gastric cancer cell lines. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1984-1991. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i14.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of shikonin on the growth of co-stimulated human cells and the cytotoxicity of co-stimulated cells to gastric cancer cell lines NCI-N87, BGC-823 and HGC-27, and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated form healthy volunteers and induced with various cytokines (CD3 mAb, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1α, CD28 mAb, IL-15 and IL-21) to result in co-stimulated human cells in vitro. After co-stimulated cells were incubated with shikonin of different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h and co-cultured with the three gastric cancer cell lines, CCK8 assay was used to assess the proliferation of co-stimulated cells, and MTT assay was used to measure the reduced rate of growth of gastric cancer cells. FCM was used to detect the expression of GraB, PFP, CD107a and IFN-γ on co-stimulated cells before and after shikonin treatment. LDH release assay was used to measure the influence of shikonin on cytotoxic activity of co-stimulated cells to gastric cancer cells. Western blot assay was used to measure β-catenin, P-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and P-AKT expression in co-stimulated cells before and after shikonin induction.
RESULTS: After incubation with shikonin at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 50 μg/L for 48 h, the proliferation rate of co-stimulated cells increased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression of GraB, PFP, CD107a, IFN-γ, β-catenin, P-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and P-AKT on co-stimulated cells treated with shikonin at concentrations from 6 to 25 μg/L were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 005). In addition, the cytotoxic activity of co-stimulated cells treated with shikonin against the three gastric cancer cell lines were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that shikonin can promote the growth of co-stimulated cells and increase the cytotoxic activity of co-stimulated cells against gastric cancer cells via mechanisms possibly associated with enhancing the activity of β-catenin, P-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and P-AKT expression and increasing the expression of PFP, GraB, CD107a and IFN-γ.
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147
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Ren Z, Kang W, Wang L, Sun B, Ma J, Zheng C, Sun J, Tian Z, Yang X, Xiao W. E2F1 renders prostate cancer cell resistant to ICAM-1 mediated antitumor immunity by NF-κB modulation. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:84. [PMID: 24742333 PMCID: PMC4004456 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E2F1 is the gatekeeper of the cell cycle controlling an analogous balance between proliferation and cell death. E2F1 expression is elevated in advanced prostate cancer. However, it is still unclear that the roles and mechanisms of E2F1 on prostate cancers. Methods Targeted knockdown by interferon RNA was applied on two prostate cancer and Hela cell lines to examine the inverse correlation expression of E2F1 and ICAM-1. ICAM-1 promoter reporter and ChIP assays were used for analysis of the molecular basis of transcriptional regulation of E2F1 on ICAM-1. Co-IP assays were employed for testing the protein interaction between E2F1 and NF-κB. Tumor xenograft mice model with E2F1 and ICAM-1-knockdown prostate cancer cells were used to investigate the effects of E2F1 and ICAM-1 on antitumor immunity. Results E2F1 knockdown by a specific short hairpin RNA increased gene transcription and protein expression of ICAM-1. By using wild type and a series of mutant ICAM-1 promoter luciferase constructs, the NF-κB binding sites were found to be important for E2F1 regulation of ICAM-1 promoter. Targeted knockdown of E2F1 did not affect expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα, but facilitated NF-κB binding to the ICAM-1 promoter, subsequently induced ICAM-1 transcription and production in prostate carcinoma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of E2F1 inhibited tumor growth of prostate cancer in vivo through increasing the susceptibility of tumor cells to ICAM-1-mediated anti-tumor immunity including enhancement of monocyte adhesion, leucocytes infiltration, as well as cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Conclusions E2F1 knockdown inhibited prostate tumor growth in vitro and in vivo through sensitizing tumor cells to ICAM-1 mediated anti-immunity by NF-κB modulation, highlighting the potential of E2F1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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148
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Kim JS, Chung IS, Lim SH, Park Y, Park MJ, Kim JY, Kim YG, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Preclinical and clinical studies on cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:559-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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149
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Rettinger E, Kreyenberg H, Merker M, Kuçi S, Willasch A, Bug G, Ullrich E, Wels WS, Bonig H, Klingebiel T, Bader P. Immunomagnetic selection or irradiation eliminates alloreactive cells but also reduces anti-tumor potential of cytokine-induced killer cells: implications for unmanipulated cytokine-induced killer cell infusion. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:835-44. [PMID: 24582456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may offer a novel therapeutic approach for patients with malignancies relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although CIK cells display negligible alloreactivity and cause minimal graft versus-host-disease (GVHD), high CIK cell doses required during relapse may pose a risk for severe GVHD, specifically in the mismatched or haploidentical transplantation setting. Manipulation of CIK cells may reduce risk for GVHD without affecting the anti-tumor potential. METHODS In this pre-clinical study, we provide a detailed functional comparison of conventional and irradiated, CD56-enriched or T-cell receptor α/β-depleted CIK cells. RESULTS In vitro analysis showed retained anti-leukemic and anti-tumor potential after CIK cell manipulation. Even being sequentially infused into immunodeficient mice grafted with malignant cells, cytotoxic effects were fewest after irradiation but were improved by CD56 enrichment and were best with conventional CIK cells. Hence, considering the proliferative capacity of inoculated malignancies and effector cells, a single dose of conventional CIK cells resulted in prolonged disease-free survival and elimination of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, whereas sequential infusions were needed to achieve comparable results in leukemia-bearing mice. However, this mouse model has limitations: highly effective conventional CIK cells demonstrated both limited xenogenic GVHD and low alloreactive potential in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that conventional CIK cells demonstrate no significant alloreactive potential but provide the strongest anti-tumor efficacy compared with manipulated CIK cells. Conventional CIK cells may therefore be tested in high numbers and short-term intervals in patients with impending relapse even after mismatched transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rettinger
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Hermann Kreyenberg
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Merker
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Selim Kuçi
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andre Willasch
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institut für Tumorbiologie und experimentelle Therapie Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Division for Cell Processing, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Implication of different effector mechanisms by cord blood-derived and peripheral blood-derived cytokine-induced killer cells to kill precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:845-56. [PMID: 24529554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells ex vivo-expanded from cord blood (CB) or peripheral blood (PB) have been shown to be cytotoxic against autologous and allogeneic tumor cells. We have previously shown that CD56(+) CIK cells (CD3(+)CD56(+) and CD3(-)CD56(+)) are capable of killing precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cell lines. However, the lytic pathways used by CD56(+) PB and CB-CIK cells to kill B-ALL cell lines have not been studied. METHODS CB and PB-CIK cells were differentiated. CD56(+) CB- and PB-CIK cells were compared for expression of different phenotypic markers and for the lytic pathways used to kill B-ALL cell lines. RESULTS We found that cytotoxic granule proteins were expressed at higher levels in CD56(+) PB-CIK than in CD56(+) CB-CIK cells. However, CD56(+) CB-CIK cells expressed more tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) compared with CD56(+) PB-CIK cells. We observed that CD56(+) CB-CIK cells used both the NKG2D and TRAIL cytotoxic pathways and were more effective at killing REH cells than CD56(+) PB-CIK cells that used only the NKG2D pathway. In contrast, CD56(+) PB-CIK cells used both NKG2D and TRAIL pathways to kill NALM6 cells, whereas CD56(+) CB-CIK cells used only the NKG2D pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that both the source of CIK and the type of B-ALL cell line have an impact on the intensity of the cytolytic activity and on the pathway used. These findings may have clinical implications with respect to optimizing therapeutic efficacy, which may be dependent on the source of the CIK cells and on the target tumor cells.
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