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Dyb G, Stensland S, Zwart JA. Psychiatric comorbidity in childhood and adolescence headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2015; 19:5. [PMID: 25754599 PMCID: PMC4353875 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-015-0479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary headaches among children and adolescents have a substantial impact on quality of life, daily activities, social interaction, and school performance in combination with psychopathological symptoms. The main purpose of the present paper is to summarize clinical and epidemiological evidence for psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with headaches, to describe how evidence in headache research suggest different pathways involved in the development and maintenance of these comorbid conditions, and finally suggest some elements professionals may find helpful to assess the scope of complaints, related functional impairment, and potential precipitating factors in planning of more targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grete Dyb
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, P.B. 181, Nydalen 0409, Oslo, Norway,
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102
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Núñez A, Robertson-James C, Reels S, Jeter J, Rivera H, Yusuf Z. Exploring the role of gender norms in nutrition and sexual health promotion in a piloted school-based intervention: The Philadelphia Ujima™ experience. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2015; 51:70-77. [PMID: 25596005 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perceptions of masculinity and femininity influence behaviors and can be identified in young children and adolescents (Brannon, 2004). Thus, adolescents' engagement in health risk or promoting behaviors is influenced by perceptions of masculinity and femininity and the differences in expectations, norms and responsibilities for girls and boys (WHO, 2007). Girls and boys have different needs, and gender-based interventions that consider similarities as well as differences are needed. A gender-based nutrition and sexual health promotion program was developed and piloted by the Philadelphia Ujima Coalition in a high school setting. To explore the gender differences in adolescents' perceptions of the influence of gender norms on weight, nutrition, physical activity, and sexual health and the implication of these differences in future gender-integrated health promotion programming for youth, a content analysis of student and facilitator debriefing forms were implemented for the participating schools. The content analysis was used to identify central themes, concepts gained, and overall impact of the intervention sessions. Overall, gender norms influence healthy eating practices and activity through influencing perceptions of body type in adolescents. Gender norms also influence sexual activity and decision making through influencing perceptions of beauty, masculinity, femininity, pressures and popular concepts related to sexual activity. Thus, interventions that address gender may more effectively promote health and wellness in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Núñez
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Women's Health Education Program, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Candace Robertson-James
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
| | - Serita Reels
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Women's Health Education Program, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Janay Jeter
- Drexel University School of Public Health, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Hilda Rivera
- Drexel University School of Public Health, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Zena Yusuf
- Drexel University School of Public Health, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
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103
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Peterseil M, Konrad M, Gunzer W, Maierhofer J, Simi H. Gender differences in aspects of eating behaviour of obese children and adolescents. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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104
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Lyra A, Bonfitto AJ, Barbosa VLP, Bezerra AC, Longui CA, Monte O, Kochi C. Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Brazilian Children and Adolescents before and after a Lifestyle Modification Program. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 66:26-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000369359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To compare the body composition of overweight children and adolescents by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after physical activity program. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with mean age (SD) of 12 (1.9) participated in the study. We assessed the weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body composition by DXA and BIA. Patients underwent a program of diet and physical activity (1 h 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 3 months) and were evaluated before and after this period. Results: Mean initial zBMI were 2.3 (0.5) and waist SDS 5.9 (1.8). Significant differences were observed when we compared the measurements taken by DXA and BIA, respectively: total body fat percentage (40 and 31.5) and fat-free mass (43.1 and 50.6 kg). Regarding the trunk fat by DXA, there was a positive correlation with the WC/height ratio (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). After the intervention period, we observed a reduction in the zBMI, waist SDS, and total body fat and increase of fat-free mass by DXA. BIA only detected reduction in fat. Conclusion: BIA underestimates the percentage of fat and overestimates fat-free mass in relation to DXA. There is positive correlation between trunk fat and the ratio WC/height. In addition, DXA detected changes in body composition induced by a short period of physical training, unlike BIA. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Al-Hazzaa HM, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM, Alsulaiman NA, Musaiger AO. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among urban Saudi adolescents: gender and regional variations. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2014; 32:634-645. [PMID: 25895197 PMCID: PMC4438694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nutrition transition with associated lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases has rapidly reached many developing countries, including Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among Saudi adolescents. This school-based multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted during 2009-2010 in three major cities in Saudi Arabia: Al-Khobar, Jeddah, and Riyadh. Participants included 2,908 students of secondary schools (1,401 males and 1,507 females) aged 14 to 19 years, randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster-sampling technique. Weight, height, and waist-circumference were measured; prevalence of overweight and obes- ity was determined using age- and sex-specific BMI cutoff reference standards of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Abdominal obesity was determined using waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cutoffs (above 0.5). The prevalence of overweight was 19.5% in males and 20.8% in females while that of obesity was 24.1% in males and 14% in females. The prevalence of abdominal obesity in males and females was 35.9% and 30.3% respectively. Higher prevalence of obesity was observed among adolescents in private schools. Across all ages, overweight and obesity ranged from 39.9% to 45.6% in males and from 30.4% to 38.7% in females. ANCOVA, controlling for age, showed significant interaction effects (city by gender). It is concluded that the proportions of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, observed among Saudi adolescents were remarkably high. Such high prevalence of overweight and obesity is a major public-health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
- Pediatric Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Obesity Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hana I. Al-Sobayel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina M. Qahwaji
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman O. Musaiger
- Arab Center for Nutrition, Manama, Bahrain, and Nutrition and Health Studies Unit, Scientific Research, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
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106
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Stensland SØ, Thoresen S, Wentzel-Larsen T, Dyb G. Interpersonal violence and overweight in adolescents: the HUNT Study. Scand J Public Health 2014; 43:18-26. [PMID: 25391788 DOI: 10.1177/1403494814556176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are major public health challenges associated with psychosocial adversity and unfavourable lifestyle. Exposure to interpersonal violence, such as sexual abuse, violence and bullying, could represent precursors, accelerating or sustaining factors. METHODS The Young-HUNT 3 study, 2006-2008, is a population-based, cross-sectional, cohort study of Norwegian youth that includes self-report data on exposure to interpersonal violence; pubertal status and timing; socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors; and clinical anthropometric measures. A cohort of 10,464 adolescents aged 12-20 years from Nord-Trøndelag County were invited to participate. Body mass index served as the outcome in the simple and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS The response rate was 72.3% (7564), and 49.9% (3777) of the respondents were girls. A robust and significant relationship between interpersonal violence and increased BMI for both genders was found. Importantly, interpersonal violence remained significantly correlated with higher BMI following adjustment for pubertal development, socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity and unfavourable lifestyle factors in both genders, although most evident in girls. Adjusted regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for the relationship between interpersonal violence and BMI were 0.33 (0.01, 0.65) for 1 type and 0.89 (0.37, 1.41) for 2 types, compared to no exposure in girls, and 0.40 (0.09, 0.71) for 1 type and 0.35 (-0.09, 0.79) for 2 types of interpersonal violence in boys. CONCLUSIONS The empirical evidence of consistent associations between interpersonal violence, related psychosocial and lifestyle factors, and body fatness, indicates that these features play important roles for adolescents struggling with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siri Thoresen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway
| | - Grete Dyb
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Romualdo MCDS, de Nóbrega FJ, Escrivão MAMS. Insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Romualdo MCDS, Nóbrega FJD, Escrivão MAMS. Insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2014; 90:600-7. [PMID: 25019650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of insulin resistance and its association with other metabolic abnormalities in obese children and adolescents. METHODS Retrospective study of 220 children and adolescents aged 5-14 years. Anthropometric measurements were performed (weight, height, and waist circumference) and clinical (gender, age, pubertal stage, and degree of obesity) and biochemical (glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and fractions, triglycerides) data were analyzed. Insulin resistance was identified by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. The analysis of the differences between the variables of interest and the HOMA-IR quartiles was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Insulin resistance was diagnosed in 33.20% of the sample. It was associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p=0.044), waist circumference measurement (p=0.030), and the set of clinical and metabolic (p=0.000) alterations. Insulin-resistant individuals had higher mean age (p=0.000), body mass index (BMI; p=0.000), abdominal circumference (p=0.000), median triglycerides (p=0.001), total cholesterol (p≤0.042), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; p≤0.027); and lower HDL-C levels (p=0.005). There was an increase in mean BMI (p=0.000), abdominal circumference (p=0.000), and median triglycerides (p=0.002) as the values of HOMA -IR increased, with the exception of HDL-C, which decreased (p=0.001). Those with the highest number of simultaneous alterations were between the second and third quartiles of the HOMA-IR index (p=0.000). CONCLUSION The results confirmed that insulin resistance is present in many obese children and adolescents, and that this condition is associated with alterations that represent an increased risk for developing metabolic disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando José de Nóbrega
- Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Arlete Meil Schimith Escrivão
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bouhlal S, McBride CM, Ward DS, Persky S. Drivers of overweight mothers' food choice behaviors depend on child gender. Appetite 2014; 84:154-60. [PMID: 25300916 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National data suggest a higher prevalence of obesity among boys. One possible cause could be the food choices made by parents on behalf of their children. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether and how mothers' food choices for their children differ by child gender and to understand the drivers of these differences. DESIGN Data were analyzed from a randomized controlled trial conducted using a virtual reality-based buffet restaurant. Overweight mothers filled out questionnaires and received an information module. They were then immersed in a virtual buffet restaurant to select a lunch for their 4- to 5-year-old child. RESULTS Of the 221 overweight mothers recruited, 55% identified their daughters as the child for whom they would be choosing the food. The caloric content of boys' meals was 43 calories higher than girls' (p = .015). This difference was due to extra calories from the less healthy food category (p = .04). Multivariate analyses identified more predictors of calorie choices for daughters' than sons' meals. Predictors of calories chosen for girls included: having both biological parents overweight (β = 0.26; p = .003), mother's weight (β = 0.17; p = .05), mother's education (β = -0.28; p = .001), her restriction of her child's food intake (β = -0.20; p = .02), and her beliefs about the importance of genetics in causing obesity (β = 0.19; p = .03). Mother's weight was the sole predictor of boys' meal calories (β = 0.20; p = .04). CONCLUSIONS Differences in dietary choices made for young girls and boys may contribute to lifelong gender differences in eating patterns. A better understanding of differences in feeding choices made for girls versus boys could improve the design of childhood obesity prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bouhlal
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NIH/NHGRI, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Dianne S Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NIH/NHGRI, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Skaal L, Pengpid S. Obesity and health problems among South African healthcare workers: do healthcare workers take care of themselves? S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2011.10874153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Skaal
- The Department of Public Health, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus
| | - S Pengpid
- The Department of Public Health, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus
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Benedet J, da Silva Lopes A, Adami F, de Fragas Hinnig P, de Vasconcelos FDAG. Association of sexual maturation with excess body weight and height in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24625111 PMCID: PMC3975155 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies addressing the influence of early sexual maturation on the excess of body weight and height of children and adolescents are scarce. The aim of the study was to analyze the association of sexual maturation with excess body weight and height in children and adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study performed in Florianópolis city, Brazil, in 2007, with 2339 school children, aged 8-14 years (1107 males). Selection was based on a probabilistic, cluster-stratified sampling technique. School children were classified according to the presence of excess body weight, using sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points. Z-scores were calculated from height and BMI data. Sexual maturation was self-assessed according to Tanner stages of development. Subjects were ranked based on tertiles of sexual maturation (early, normal and late) for each stage of development. Poisson and linear regression models were used. RESULTS Compared to the reference group (normal sexual maturation), early maturing females had higher prevalence of excess weight (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.33) and increased height-for-age (adjusted β: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.59), while late maturing females had lower prevalence of excess weight (adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.87) and decreased height-for-age (adjusted β: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.20). In males, early and late sexual maturation were associated with increased (adjusted β: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.59) and decreased (adjusted β: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.20) height-for-age, respectively. CONCLUSION Early sexual maturation is associated with excess body weight in females and with greater height-for-age in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucemar Benedet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Santa Catarina 88040900, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Whetstone LM, Kolasa KM, Collier DN. Participation in community-originated interventions is associated with positive changes in weight status and health behaviors in youth. Am J Health Promot 2013; 27:10-6. [PMID: 22950920 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.100415-quan-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess changes in children's health behaviors and weight status after participation in community-originated interventions. DESIGN Prospective cohort study following body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectory over time. SETTING Schools and community settings in 19 locations in North Carolina. SUBJECTS A total of 1144 children, with an average age of 9.5 years, participating in community-originated physical activity and nutrition interventions, such as active recess and healthy cafeteria offerings, and environment and policy changes designed to prevent and reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity. Retention from baseline to final collection was 54%. Measures . Self-reported physical activity and eating behaviors; measured height and weight were collected at baseline and after interventions (average of 20 months). Z-score was compared with expected growth without intervention. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics, χ(2) tests and t-tests, and ANOVA analyses of variance to assess changes in health behaviors and weight status. RESULTS More than 11% of children improved their weight status, and 86% of children who began at a healthy weight remained there. The average BMI for children who were overweight at enrollment was significantly lower after intervention (1.1 kg/m(2) lower for boys and 0.88 kg/m(2) lower for girls). Overweight and obese children who made improvements in key health behaviors showed greater decreases in BMI z-score than those who did not improve those behaviors (increased fruit [-.2207 vs. -.0793] and vegetable [-.2215 vs. -.0855] intake, and drinking less soda [-.1985 vs. -.0912]). There were no significant increases in physical activity, and changes in physical activity were not related to decreases in BMI z-score in this study. CONCLUSION Community-originated interventions to raise awareness about food choices and to change policies and environments may improve BMI z-scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren MacKenzie Whetstone
- Department of Family Medicine, East Carolina University, 101 Heart Drive, Mail Stop 654, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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School and neighborhood nutrition environment and their association with students' nutrition behaviors and weight status in Seoul, South Korea. J Adolesc Health 2013; 53:655-662.e12. [PMID: 23891243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the association between the school and neighborhood nutrition environments and adolescent nutrition behaviors and weight status. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 1,342 fourth to ninth graders in 15 schools on their food-eating behaviors. Participants were randomly selected from eight predetermined districts in Seoul, South Korea. Height and weight data from the school annual health check-ups were obtained. Dietitians from each school completed questionnaires on the school nutrition environment. Types of food outlets in a 500-meter radius of the schools were recorded. Healthy eating index was created based on 10 questions on students' eating behaviors, such as breakfast skipping, fruit consumption, and ramen noodle consumption (possible score range 0-10). Generalized estimating equation method was used for statistical modeling. RESULTS Higher density of supermarkets and traditional markets in the school neighborhoods was associated with a greater likelihood of child obesity after controlling for individual-level covariates (odds ratio = 1.37, 1.21-1.54). The school nutrition environment was not associated with student's healthy eating habits and weight status. Students who were younger, female, from more affluent families, who had less weekly screen time, or had stay-at-home mothers had higher scores on the healthy eating index. There was a gender difference in the associations between environmental factors and students' eating behaviors and obesity status. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the relationship between environmental factors and individual factors and weight status may be more complicated than previously reported in other parts of the world.
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Jankowicz-Szymanska A, Mikolajczyk E, Wojtanowski W. The effect of the degree of disability on nutritional status and flat feet in adolescents with Down syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:3686-3690. [PMID: 24012596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive weight and obesity are ranked among lifestyle diseases. In the case of weight gain, the effectiveness of therapy based on diet and physical activity depends considerably on patients themselves, but despite this the number of those who successfully manage to lose weight is still not satisfactory. Preventing or treating excessive weight gain in the intellectually disabled is extremely difficult since they have a higher risk for developing obesity. The below presented study assessed the effect of the degree of intellectual disability on nutritional status in adolescents with Down syndrome. It also focused on some correlations between the degree of disability and a selected constituent of the body posture, i.e. flat feet. A total of 54 males and 26 females with mild and moderate Down syndrome, aged 18.68 ± 1.73, residents of Special Needs Education Centre in Tarnów, Poland, participated in the study, in which body weight and height, BMI, fat tissue percentage and the longitudinal arch of the foot were measured. A total of 17.5% of individuals with mild and 50% of individuals with moderate ID were found overweight or obese. Weight gain more often occurred in females. It seemed that flat feet were affected to a greater extent by the participants' nutritional status than their degree of disability. The study found no unambiguous effect of the degree of disability on the nutritional status and flat feet in individuals with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymanska
- Higher Vocational School in Tarnow, Institute of Health, Section of Physical Education, Zaklad Wychowania Fizycznego, Instytut Ochrony Zdrowia, Panstwowa Wyzsza Szkola Zawodowa, ul. A. Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnow, Poland.
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Santiago S, Zazpe I, Martí A, Cuervo M, Martínez JA. Gender differences in lifestyle determinants of overweight prevalence in a sample of Southern European children. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 7:e391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wright K, Giger JN, Norris K, Suro Z. Impact of a nurse-directed, coordinated school health program to enhance physical activity behaviors and reduce body mass index among minority children: a parallel-group, randomized control trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2013; 50:727-37. [PMID: 23021318 PMCID: PMC3654538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underserved children, particularly girls and those in urban communities, do not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines (>60min of daily physical activity), and this behavior can lead to obesity. The school years are known to be a critical period in the life course for shaping attitudes and behaviors. Children look to schools for much of their access to physical activity. Thus, through the provision of appropriate physical activity programs, schools have the power to influence apt physical activity choices, especially for underserved children where disparities in obesity-related outcomes exist. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of a nurse directed, coordinated, culturally sensitive, school-based, family-centered lifestyle program on activity behaviors and body mass index. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS This was a parallel group, randomized controlled trial utilizing a community-based participatory research approach, through a partnership with a University and 5 community schools. Participants included 251 children ages 8-12 from elementary schools in urban, low-income neighborhoods in Los Angeles, USA. METHODS The intervention included Kids N Fitness(©), a 6-week program which met weekly to provide 45min of structured physical activity and a 45min nutrition education class for parents and children. Intervention sites also participated in school-wide wellness activities, including health and counseling services, staff professional development in health promotion, parental education newsletters, and wellness policies for the provision of healthy foods at the school. The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health School Physical Activity and Nutrition Student Questionnaire measured physical activity behavior, including: daily physical activity, participation in team sports, attending physical education class, and TV viewing/computer game playing. Anthropometric measures included height, weight, body mass index, resting blood pressure, and waist circumference. Measures were collected at baseline, completion of the intervention phase (4 months), and 12 months post-intervention. RESULTS Significant results for students in the intervention, included for boys decreases in TV viewing; and girls increases in daily physical activity, physical education class attendance, and decreases in body mass index z-scores from baseline to the 12 month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the value of utilizing nurses to implement a culturally sensitive, coordinated, intervention to decrease disparities in activity and TV viewing among underserved girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kynna Wright
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Nursing, Center for Vulnerable Populations Research, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Leite N, Carvalho HM, Padez C, Lopes WA, Milano GE, Radominski RB, Coelho-e-Silva MJ. Age and menarcheal status do not influence metabolic response to aerobic training in overweight girls. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:7. [PMID: 23443001 PMCID: PMC3585734 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary intervention is an alternative for the treatment of children and adolescent obese. However, the influence of age and menarcheal status in the pattern of metabolic response of obese girls has not been investigated. The following study examined the effects of a 12-week multidisciplinary intervention on metabolic health in overweight girls and the contribution of age and menarcheal status on the resulting changes. METHODS Eighty-eight overweight girls (10 - 16 years) were considered initially for this study and randomly assigned (intervention group: n = 58; control group: n = 30). Forty-six girls completed the intervention program and 16 girls completed the follow-up for the control group. The 12-week intervention included aerobic exercises (three times per week) and nutritional intervention. Anthropometrical measures (body mass, body mass index and waist circumference), menarcheal status and metabolic profiles including glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were assessed in the beginning and after of intervention. Additionally, were calculated homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). RESULTS After 12-week, girls decreased significantly the body mass (76.6 ± 14.7 to 75.7 ± 14.6 kg) body mass index (30.1 ± 4.0 to 29.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2) and waist circumference (98.9 ± 10.9 to 96.5 ± 11.4 cm). There were differences in HDL-C (43.1 ± 8.2 to 50.3 ± 9.4 mg/dl), TG (120.9 ± 64.3 to 93.3 ± 47.9 mg/dl) and insulin (16.9 ± 7.6 to 15.6 ± 9.8 mg/dl). Relative contribution of age was significant only for within-subject variability in waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS The multidisciplinary based on aerobic training intervention used in this study produced substantial benefits on metabolic health indicators in overweight girls. The changes observed were not related to inter-individual variability in age and maturity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, BR 116, km 95, nº 19031, Jardim Botânico, CEP 81690-100, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Humberto M Carvalho
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Wendell Arthur Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gerusa E Milano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rosana B Radominski
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Zhang M, Guo F, Tu Y, Kiess W, Sun C, Li X, Lu W, Luo F. Further increase of obesity prevalence in Chinese children and adolescents--cross-sectional data of two consecutive samples from the city of Shanghai from 2003 to 2008. Pediatr Diabetes 2012; 13:572-7. [PMID: 22765235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Putative changes in the prevalence of obesity in Chinese children and adolescents in Shanghai, one of the most urbanized areas in China, were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner in 2003-2008. METHODS One urban and one suburban district were randomly selected. 70,582 students in 2003 and 86,355 students in 2008 from schools from within the two districts were examined. Anthropometric parameters were measured in all. Adiposity status was estimated using body mass index according to International Obesity Task Force standards. The prevalence of obesity was analyzed. RESULTS The standardized prevalence of overweight significantly increased from 12.75 to 14.2% (p < 0.01), and the prevalence of obesity significantly increased from 3.35 to 3.94% (p < 0.01) during the study period. In contrast to data from developed countries, the prevalence of obesity decreased with age in both boys and girls. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban area was also significantly higher than that in suburb area (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Over a 5-yr period, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in Shanghai. The high percentage of overweight and obesity in the young age groups is of particular concern. Urbanization might be a causative factor for the increase in obesity prevalence in Chinese children in the Shanghai area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cuypers K, De Ridder K, Kvaløy K, Knudtsen MS, Krokstad S, Holmen J, Holmen TL. Leisure time activities in adolescence in the presence of susceptibility genes for obesity: risk or resilience against overweight in adulthood? The HUNT study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:820. [PMID: 22998931 PMCID: PMC3491037 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environment, health behavior, and genetic background are important in the development of obesity. Adolescents spend substantial part of daily leisure time on cultural and social activities, but knowledge about the effects of participation in such activities on weight is limited. METHODS A number of 1450 adolescents from the Norwegian HUNT study (1995-97) were followed-up in 2006-08 as young adults. Phenotypic data on lifestyle and anthropometric measures were assessed using questionnaires and standardized clinical examinations. Genotypic information on 12 established obesity-susceptibility loci were available for analyses. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations between cultural and social activities in adolescence and adiposity measures in young adulthood. In addition, interaction effects of a genetic predisposition score by leisure time activities were tested. RESULTS In girls, participation in cultural activities was negatively associated with waist circumference (WC) (B = -0.04, 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.00) and with waist-hip ratio (WHR) (B = -0.058, 95%CI: -0.11 to -0.01). However, participation in social activities was positively associated with WC (B = 0.040, CI: 0.00 to 0.08) in girls and with BMI (B = 0.027, CI: 0.00 to 0.05) in boys. The effect of the obesity-susceptibility genetic variants on anthropometric measures was lower in adolescents with high participation in cultural activities compared to adolescents with low participation. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the effects of cultural activities on body fat are different from the effects of participation in social activities. The protective influence of cultural activities in female adolescents against overweight in adulthood and their moderating effect on obesity-susceptibility genes suggest that even cultural activities may be useful in public health strategies against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koenraad Cuypers
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian, University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway.
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Bibiloni MDM, Pich J, Córdova A, Pons A, Tur JA. Association between sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic factors, diet and lifestyle among the Balearic Islands adolescents. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:718. [PMID: 22935441 PMCID: PMC3563474 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many different factors influenced food habits and physical activity patterns of adolescents in a complex interactive way. The aim of this study was to assess association between sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic factors, diet and lifestyle among the Balearic Islands adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional survey (n = 1961; 12-17 years old) was carried out. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents (IPAQ-A). Sedentary behaviour was defined as <300 min/week of moderate and vigorous physical activity. Anthropometric measurements, body image, socio-economic and lifestyle determinants, food consumption, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were assessed. RESULTS The prevalence of sedentary behaviour was 37.1% (22.0% boys, 50.8% girls). Active boys consumed frequently breakfast cereals and fresh fruit; active girls yogurt, cheese, breakfast cereals, and fresh fruit; and sedentary girls high fat foods and soft drinks. Sedentary behaviour of girls was directly associated to age, and time spent on media screen and homework, and inversely related to adherence to Mediterranean diet, and body composition. Sedentary behaviour of boys was inversely related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and the desire to remain the same weight. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sedentary behaviour among Balearic Islands adolescents is high, mainly among girls. Age, sex, parental educational and profession levels, body size dissatisfaction, and poor quality diet are important factors of physical activity practice among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jordi Pich
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alfredo Córdova
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Health Sciences, University School of Physiotherapy, University of Valladolid, Soria, 42004, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Vollrath ME, Hampson SE, Júlíusson PB. Children and eating. Personality and gender are associated with obesogenic food consumption and overweight in 6- to 12-year-olds. Appetite 2012; 58:1113-7. [PMID: 22425617 PMCID: PMC3340452 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of children's personality traits in the consumption of potentially obesogenic foods was investigated in a sample of Norwegian children aged 6-12 years (N=327, 170 boys, 157 girls). Mothers rated their child's personality on the traits of the Five Factor Model (i.e., extraversion, benevolence, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and imagination). Mothers also completed a food frequency questionnaire assessing their child's consumption of sweet drinks, sweet foods, and fruit and vegetables, and reported their child's height and weight. Controlling for age and mothers' education, boys and girls who were less benevolent consumed more sweet drinks, and girls who were less conscientious and more neurotic consumed more sweet drinks. Boys and girls who were more benevolent and imaginative consumed more fruits and vegetables, and boys who were more extraverted, more conscientious, and less neurotic consumed more fruits and vegetables. Controlling for maternal education, boys and girls who were less extraverted, and girls who were less benevolent, less conscientious, and more neurotic were more likely to be overweight or obese. These findings suggest that children's personality traits play an important yet understudied role in their diet. Further investigation of mechanisms that relate child traits to obesogenic eating and overweight would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete E Vollrath
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Psychosomatics and Health Behavior, Division of Mental Health, P.O. Box 1094, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
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Lin CY, Su CT, Ma HL. Physical Activity Patterns and Quality of Life of Overweight Boys: A Preliminary Study. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We compared the physical activity (PA) patterns and the quality of life (QoL) between overweight and normal-weight boys, and examined the relationship between PA and QoL of overweight boys. Methods Eighteen overweight boys (age range: 8–10 years, mean ± standard deviation: 9.36 ± 0.82 years) and 18 age-matched, normal-weight counterparts (age range: 8–10 years, mean ± standard deviation: 9.01 ± 0.65 years) participated in this study. All participants were in the 3rd or 4th grade. Each boy completed a QoL questionnaire and wore an accelerometer on his waist for a week to measure his PA during that period. Independent t tests were used to examine the differences in QoL and PA between the overweight and normal-weight boys. Paired t tests were used to test the differences in PA between weekdays and weekend days for each group. Finally, Pearson correlations were used to analyze the relationships between PA and QoL in overweight boys. Results Overweight boys reported a significantly lower QoL, and participated in significantly less PA on weekends than did normal-weight boys. A moderate and marginally significant correlation was found between PA on weekends and QoL in overweight boys. Conclusion Our findings suggest the importance of increasing weekend PA for overweight boys. Occupational therapists should encourage overweight boys to engage in PA that the boys are interested in on weekends, and conduct a PA program for overweight boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ting Su
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-lng Ma
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Al-Hazzaa HM, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM, Musaiger AO. Lifestyle factors associated with overweight and obesity among Saudi adolescents. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:354. [PMID: 22591544 PMCID: PMC3433359 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of the relationships between obesity and lifestyle factors is necessary for effective prevention and management of obesity in youth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between obesity measures and several lifestyle factors, including physical activity, sedentary behaviors and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents aged 14–19 years. Methods This was a school-based cross-sectional study that was conducted in three cities in Saudi Arabia (Al-Khobar, Jeddah and Riyadh). The participants were 2906 secondary school males (1400) and females (1506) aged 14–19 years, who were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Measurements included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist/height ratio (WHtR), screen time (television viewing, video games and computer use), physical activity (determined using a validated questionnaire), and dietary habits (intake frequency per week). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between obesity and lifestyle factors. Results Compared with non-obese, obese males and females were significantly less active, especially in terms of vigorous activity, had less favorable dietary habits (e.g., lower intake of breakfast, fruits and milk), but had lower intake of sugar-sweetened drinks and sweets/chocolates. Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight/obesity (based on BMI categories) or abdominal obesity (based on WHtR categories) were significantly and inversely associated with vigorous physical activity levels (aOR for high level = 0.69, 95% CI 0.41–0.92 for BMI and 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.89 for WHtR) and frequency of breakfast (aOR for < 3 days/week = 1.44; 95% CI 1.20–1.71 for BMI and 1.47; 95% CI 1.22–1.76 for WHtR) and vegetable (aOR for < 3 days/week = 1.29; 95% CI 1.03–1.59 for WHtR) intakes, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (aOR for < 3 days/week = 1.32; 95% CI 1.08–1.62 for BMI and 1.42; 95% CI 1.16–1.75 for WHtR). Conclusions The present study identified several lifestyle factors associated with obesity that may represent valid targets for the prevention and management of obesity among Saudi adolescents. Primary prevention of obesity by promoting active lifestyles and healthy diets should be a national public health priority.
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Ma S, Yu H, Zhao Z, Luo Z, Chen J, Ni Y, Jin R, Ma L, Wang P, Zhu Z, Li L, Zhong J, Liu D, Nilius B, Zhu Z. Activation of the cold-sensing TRPM8 channel triggers UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and prevents obesity. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:88-96. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjs001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Xu L, Dubois L, Burnier D, Girard M, Prud'homme D. Parental overweight/obesity, social factors, and child overweight/obesity at 7 years of age. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:826-31. [PMID: 21466610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used gender-based analyses to examine whether child overweight/obesity is related to parental overweight/obesity and sociodemographic factors, in a representative population-based cohort of 7-year-old children. METHODS Data from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development 1998-2010 was used. Children (n= 1336) were randomly selected from each public health region of Québec. The study was based on face-to-face interviews and a set of questionnaires addressed to mothers and fathers. RESULTS Compared to children with no overweight/obese parent, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of being overweight/obese with two overweight/obese parents was 5 for boys (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.31-10.85) and 5.87 for girls (95%CI: 2.63-13.12). Gender differences appeared when one parent was overweight/obese. For girls, having either an overweight/obese mother (OR, 3.10; 95%CI: 1.14-8.38) or father (OR, 3.64; 95%CI: 1.68-7.91) significantly increased the odds of being overweight/obese at 7 years. For boys, however, having only an overweight/obese father (OR, 2.05; 95%CI: 1.01-4.16) was related to overweight/obesity, but having only an overweight/obese mother was not related to overweight/obesity at 7 years for boys. In girls, but not in boys, having an immigrant mother also significantly related to overweight/obesity (OR, 2.71; 95%CI: 1.28-5.75) at 7 years, after controlling for other social factors. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences in socialization may explain why at 7 years of age, girls' bodyweight is influenced by having even one overweight/obese parent (mother or father), while boys' bodyweight appears to be influenced only by father's overweight/obesity when only one parent is overweight/obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Harbaugh BL, Kolbo JR, Molaison EF, Hudson GM, Zhang L, Wells D. Obesity and Overweight Prevalence among a Mississippi Low-Income Preschool Population: A Five-Year Comparison. ISRN NURSING 2011; 2011:270464. [PMID: 22007319 PMCID: PMC3175382 DOI: 10.5402/2011/270464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. This study determined 2010 rates of overweight/obesity in a representative sample of low-income preschoolers in Mississippi, USA and compared rates between 2005 (N = 1250) and 2010 (N = 1765). Significance. Obesity is a significant global health issue because of its well-established negative health consequences. Child obesity is a concern due to risk of early-onset obesity-related illnesses and the longevity of lifetime exposure to those illnesses. Methods. Identical measures were used in 2005 and 2010 with complex-stratified sampling designs. Results. Chi-square tests revealed that overall obesity/overweight rates between 2005 (20.6%/17.9%) and 2010 (20.8%/17.0%) had not changed significantly for the samples as a whole, nor by gender or race. Age group comparisons indicated a significant decline in obesity rates of 3 year olds (20.3% in 2005, reduced to 13.1% in 2010, P = 0.035). These findings mimic the trend toward stabilization of obesity rates noted in national low-income preschool populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L. Harbaugh
- School of Nursing, College of Health, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box 5095, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA
| | - Jerome R. Kolbo
- School of Social Work, College of Health, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box 5114, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA
| | - Elaine F. Molaison
- Department of Nutrition and Food Systems, College of Health, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box 5172, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Hudson
- School of Human Performance and Recreation, College of Health, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box 5142, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Health Data and Research, Mississippi State Department of Health, 570 E. Woodrow Wilson, Jackson, MS 39215-1700, USA
| | - Danyell Wells
- School of Social Work, College of Health, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box 5114, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA
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Western and Mediterranean dietary patterns among Balearic Islands' adolescents: socio-economic and lifestyle determinants. Public Health Nutr 2011; 15:683-92. [PMID: 21899802 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011002199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess prevailing food patterns among Balearic Islands' adolescents, and socio-economic and lifestyle determinants. DESIGN Cross-sectional nutritional survey carried out (2007-2008) in the Balearic Islands, a Mediterranean region. Dietary assessment was based on a 145-item semi-quantitative FFQ and two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Anthropometric measurements and questions related to socio-economic, lifestyle, physical activity and body image were assessed. SETTING Data obtained from a representative sample of all inhabitants living in the Balearic Islands aged 12-17 years. SUBJECTS A random sample (n 1231) of the adolescent population (12-17 years old) was interviewed. RESULTS Factor analysis identified two major dietary food patterns: 'Western' and 'Mediterranean'. The 'Western' dietary pattern was higher among boys than girls, associated with spending ≥4 h/d on media screen time, but less prevalent among those adolescents who desired a thinner body and those girls who desired to remain the same weight. The 'Mediterranean' dietary pattern was mainly followed by girls, and also boys who spent < 2 h/d on media screen time and girls with high parental socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows the existence of two major dietary patterns among Balearic Islands' adolescents: 'Western' and 'Mediterranean', but girls are more 'Mediterranean' than boys. This evidence supports that the food pattern of Balearic Islands' adolescents is in a transitional state characterised by the loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern towards a Western dietary pattern. Low parental socio-economic status, much leisure-time on sedentary behaviours such as media screen time and body image are factors associated with the 'Western' dietary pattern.
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Dupuy M, Godeau E, Vignes C, Ahluwalia N. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with overweight in a representative sample of 11-15 year olds in France: results from the WHO-Collaborative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:442. [PMID: 21649892 PMCID: PMC3123212 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents is high and overweight is associated with poor health outcomes over short- and long-term. Lifestyle factors can interact to influence overweight. Comprehensive studies linking overweight concomitantly with several demographic and potentially-modifiable lifestyle factors and health-risk behaviours are limited in adolescents - an age-group characterized by changes in lifestyle behaviours and high prevalence of overweight. Thus, the objective of the current study was to examine the association of overweight with several socio-demographic and lifestyle variables simultaneously in a representative sample of adolescents. Methods A nationally representative sample of 11-15 year-olds (n = 7154) in France participated as part of the WHO-Collaborative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Students reported data on their age, height, weight, socio-demographic variables, lifestyle factors including nutrition practices, physical activity at two levels of intensity (moderate and vigorous), sedentary behaviours, as well as smoking and alcohol consumption patterns using standardized HBSC protocols. Overweight (including obesity) was defined using the IOTF reference. The multivariate association of overweight with several socio-demographic and lifestyle factors was examined with logistic regression models. Results The adjusted odds ratios for the association with overweight were: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.37-2.36) for low family affluence; 0.73 (0.60-0.88) for eating breakfast daily; 0.69 (0.56-0.84) for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); and 0.71 (0.59-0.86) for vigorous physical activity (VPA). Significant interactions between age and gender as well as television (TV) viewing and gender were noted: for boys, overweight was not associated with age or TV viewing; in contrast, for girls overweight correlated negatively with age and positively with TV viewing. Fruit and vegetable intake, computer and video-games use, smoking and alcohol consumption were not associated with overweight. Conclusions In multivariate model, family affluence, breakfast consumption and moderate to vigorous as well as vigorous physical activity were negatively associated with overweight. These findings extend previous research to a setting where multiple risk and protective factors were simultaneously examined and highlight the importance of multi-faceted approaches promoting physical activity and healthy food choices such as breakfast consumption for overweight prevention in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dupuy
- INSERM U1027, Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique, Toulouse, France
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Yildirim M, van Stralen MM, Chinapaw MJM, Brug J, van Mechelen W, Twisk JWR, Te Velde SJ. For whom and under what circumstances do school-based energy balance behavior interventions work? Systematic review on moderators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OBESITY : IJPO : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF OBESITY 2011; 6:e46-57. [PMID: 21651421 PMCID: PMC3190836 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2011.566440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to systematically review the results and quality of studies investigating the moderators of school-based interventions aimed at energy balance-related behaviors. We systematically searched the electronic databases of Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycInfo, ERIC and Sportdiscus. In total 61 articles were included. Gender, ethnicity, age, baseline values of outcomes, initial weight status and socioeconomic status were the most frequently studied potential moderators. The moderator with the most convincing evidence was gender. School-based interventions appear to work better for girls than for boys. Due to the inconsistent results, many studies reporting non-significant moderating effects, and the moderate methodological quality of most studies, no further consistent results were found. Consequently, there is lack of insight into what interventions work for whom. Future studies should apply stronger methodology to test moderating effects of important potential target group segmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Yildirim
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Influences of social support, perceived barriers, and negative meanings of physical activity on physical activity in middle school students. J Phys Act Health 2011; 8:210-9. [PMID: 21415448 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.8.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A profound decline in physical activity occurs in puberty. This phenomenon is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine associations between family/friend social support for physical activity, negative meanings of physical activity (NMPA), and internal /external barriers to physical activity with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary and light behavior (SLB) in youth. METHODS A total of 350 participants from 7 Los Angeles County middle schools participated in the study (62% Latina, 79% females). Hypothesized pathways were examined using structural equation modeling. Psychosocial variables and participation in MVPA and SLB were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS NMPA were related to lower levels of family/friend social support and greater internal/external barriers. Family social support was the only significant indicator of MVPA (β=0.79). Low family social support was related to higher SLB (β=-0.25). CONCLUSIONS Family social support seems crucial to promote MVPA and reduce SLB in adolescents and might be influenced by child's feelings about physical activity. Future research should consider the interrelationship between psychosocial correlates of physical activity.
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Zhu YC, Wu SK, Cairney J. Obesity and motor coordination ability in Taiwanese children with and without developmental coordination disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:801-807. [PMID: 21109392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between obesity and motor coordination ability in Taiwanese children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). 2029 children (1078 boys, 951 girls) aged nine to ten years were chosen randomly from 14 elementary schools across Taiwan. We used bioelectrical impedance analysis to measure percentage of body fat (PBF) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children test (MABC test) to evaluate the motor coordination ability. Using cut-off points based on PBF from past studies, boys and girls were divided into obese, overweight and normal-weight groups, respectively. In boys, total impairment scores and scores on balance subtest in the MABC were significantly higher in the obese and overweight groups when compared against the normal-weight group. Girls in the obese and the overweight groups had higher balance impairment scores than those of the normal-weight group. Among boys, the prevalence of obesity was highest in the DCD group, when compared to the borderline DCD and TD boys. A higher percentage of DCD girls were overweight and obese than TD girls. Obesity may be associated with poor motor coordination ability among boys and girls, and particularly in relation to balance ability. Children with DCD may have a higher risk to be overweight or obese in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Zhu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
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Abstract
SummaryChildhood excess weight is probably associated with, or reflected in, parental attitudes. The objective of this study was to study the relationships between childhood excess weight and parental attitudes. The study subjects were 53 boys and 56 girls, aged 6–10, regularly attending schools in Porto Alegre, south Brazil, and one of their parents or caregivers. Attitudes of the parents or caregivers were assessed by the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFD). Weight and height of the children were measured, parents self-reported their weight and height and body mass indexes were calculated for both. The WHO criteria for overweight and obesity were used for the adults. The CDC criteria for overweight and risk for overweight were used for the corresponding children. Boys presented excess weight more often than girls. The parents of children with excess weight showed higher scores for perceived child weight, concern about child weight, restriction and monitoring. In logistic regression, excess weight in children was associated with perceived child weight, restriction and male sex; pressure to eat was negatively associated with excess BMI. In Porto Alegre, south Brazil, excess body weight in children aged 6–10 is associated with parental perceived child weight and concern about it, monitoring and restriction; being a boy increases the odds of being overweight.
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Christensen VT. Does parental capital influence the prevalence of child overweight and parental perceptions of child weight-level? Soc Sci Med 2011; 72:469-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mangrio E, Lindström M, Rosvall M. Early life factors and being overweight at 4 years of age among children in Malmö, Sweden. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:764. [PMID: 21159203 PMCID: PMC3022848 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rising rates of obesity and overweight is an increasing public health problem all over the world. Recent research has shown the importance of early life factors in the development of child overweight. However, to the best of our knowledge there are no studies investigating the potential synergistic effect of early life factors and presence of parental overweight on the development of child overweight. Methods The study was population-based and cross-sectional. The study population consisted of children who visited the Child Health Care (CHC) centers in Malmö for their 4-year health check during 2003-2008 and whose parents answered a self-administered questionnaire (n = 9009 children). Results The results showed that having overweight/obese parents was strongly associated with the child being overweight or obese. Furthermore, there was an association between unfavorable early life factors (i.e., mother smoking during pregnancy, presence of secondhand tobacco smoke early in life, high birth weight) and the development of child overweight/obesity at four years of age, while breastfeeding seemed to have a protective role. For example, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.76) for overweight and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.68, 3.17) for obesity. The results further showed synergistic effects between parental overweight and exposure to unfavourable early life factors in the development of child overweight. Conclusions The present study shows the importance of early life factors in the development of child overweight and obesity, and thus puts focus on the importance of early targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mangrio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Health Politics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and obesity. Since rats and mice show a similar relationship, they are considered an appropriate model for studying dietary obesity. The present paper describes the history of using high-fat diets to induce obesity in animals, aims to clarify the consequences of changing the amount and type of dietary fats on weight gain, body composition and adipose tissue cellularity, and explores the contribution of genetics and sex, as well as the biochemical basis and the roles of hormones such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin in animal models of dietary obesity. The major factors that contribute to dietary obesity - hyperphagia, energy density and post-ingestive effects of the dietary fat - are discussed. Other factors that affect dietary obesity including feeding rhythmicity, social factors and stress are highlighted. Finally, we comment on the reversibility of high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Monge-Rojas R, Smith-Castro V, Colon-Ramos U, Garita-Arce C, Sánchez-López M, Chinnock A. Parental feeding styles and adolescents’ healthy eating habits. Structure and correlates of a Costa Rican questionnaire. Appetite 2010; 55:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Associations between diet and (in)activity behaviours with overweight and obesity among 10–18-year-old Czech Republic adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2010; 13:1701-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980010002259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obesity among 10–18-year-old Czech Republic adolescents and to assess the association between energy balance-related behaviours and overweight/obesity.DesignCross-sectional data from ‘The 6th Nation-wide Anthropological Survey of Children and Adolescents 2001 Czech Republic’ have been used.SettingHeight and weight were objectively measured. Data on adolescents’ behaviours were assessed with self-reported questionnaires. Background variables were assessed by means of a parental questionnaire. Multi-level logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess behavioural risk factors of being overweight/obese.SubjectsData on 31 228 adolescents aged 10–18 years were included in the present study.ResultsThe highest prevalence of being overweight or obese was found among boys and younger adolescents. Boys were more physically active, watched more television (TV) and used the computer more often than did girls. Being on a diet and skipping meals were positively associated with being overweight/obese, independent of gender. In boys (10–14 years old), inverse associations with being overweight/obese were found when being more physically active. Monitoring weight showed inverse relations with being overweight/obese in 15–18-year-old girls. Watching TV more than 7 h a week was positively associated with being overweight/obese in 15–18-year-old girls, and was found to be negatively associated in boys of the same age group.ConclusionsThese behaviours should be targeted when preventing overweight and obesity among Czech Republic adolescents. Studies using better measures of energy balance-related behaviours are needed.
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Black MM, Hager ER, Le K, Anliker J, Arteaga SS, Diclemente C, Gittelsohn J, Magder L, Papas M, Snitker S, Treuth MS, Wang Y. Challenge! Health promotion/obesity prevention mentorship model among urban, black adolescents. Pediatrics 2010; 126:280-8. [PMID: 20660556 PMCID: PMC4124131 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate a 12-session home/community-based health promotion/obesity prevention program (Challenge!) on changes in BMI status, body composition, physical activity, and diet. METHODS A total of 235 black adolescents (aged 11-16 years; 38% overweight/obese) were recruited from low-income urban communities. Baseline measures included weight, height, body composition, physical activity (PA), and diet. PA was measured by 7-day play-equivalent physical activity (> or =1800 activity counts per minute). Participants were randomly assigned to health promotion/obesity prevention that is anchored in social cognitive theory and motivational interviewing and was delivered by college-aged black mentors or to control. Postintervention (11 months) and delayed follow-up (24 months) evaluations were conducted. Longitudinal analyses used multilevel models with random intercepts and generalized estimating equations, controlling for baseline age/gender. Stratified analyses examined baseline BMI category. RESULTS Retention was 76% over 2 years; overweight/obese status declined 5% among intervention adolescents and increased 11% among control adolescents. Among overweight/obese youth, the intervention reduced total percentage of body fat and fat mass and increased fat-free mass at delayed follow-up and increased play-equivalent physical activity at postintervention but not at delayed follow-up. Intervention adolescents declined significantly more in snack/dessert consumption than control adolescents at both follow-up evaluations. CONCLUSIONS At postintervention, there were intervention effects on diet and PA but not BMI category or body composition. At delayed follow-up, dietary changes were sustained and the intervention prevented an increase in BMI category. Body composition was improved for overweight/obese youth. Changes in body composition follow changes in diet and PA and may not be detected immediately after intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Simen-Kapeu A, Veugelers PJ. Should public health interventions aimed at reducing childhood overweight and obesity be gender-focused? BMC Public Health 2010; 10:340. [PMID: 20546619 PMCID: PMC2894777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight in childhood is a major public health concern that calls for immediate preventative action. An increasing number of reports suggest that gender specific approaches to prevention may be more effective. However, there is a paucity of information to guide gender-sensitive health promotion and population health interventions for the prevention of overweight in childhood. In the present study, we sought to determine gender-differentials in overweight and underlying behaviors, nutrition and physical activity, among pre-adolescents in Alberta, Canada, to inform the discussion on gender-focused interventions for chronic disease prevention. METHODS In 2008, we surveyed 3421 grade five students and their parents of 148 randomly selected schools. Students completed the Harvard food frequency questionnaire, questions on physical activities, and had their height and weight measured. Parents completed questions on socio-economic background and child's lifestyle. We applied multilevel regression methods to assess gender differentials in overweight, nutrition and physical activity. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of overweight was slightly higher among boys (29.1%) than girls (27.9%) with more pronounced differences in towns and urban geographies. Boys reported to be much more physically active relative to girls (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.73-2.60). Diets of boys, relative to those of girls, reportedly constituted more fat and were less likely to meet the recommendation of 6 daily servings of vegetables and fruits (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.93). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the existence of gender differences in physical activity and nutrition, and support gender-focused health promotion whereby priority is given to physical activity among girls and to healthy eating among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Veugelers
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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140
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Einfluss des Konsumverhaltens auf die Entwicklung von Übergewicht bei Kindern. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2010; 53:725-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-010-1077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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141
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Coppinger T, Jeanes YM, Dabinett J, Vögele C, Reeves S. Physical activity and dietary intake of children aged 9-11 years and the influence of peers on these behaviours: a 1-year follow-up. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:776-81. [PMID: 20485309 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated physical activity and dietary intake of children aged 9-11 years, and the influence of peers on these behaviours over a 2-year period. METHODS A total of 106 (64 girls; 42 boys) children were investigated annually, over 2 years. Measures included physical activity (sealed pedometer), self-report measures of dietary intake and physical activity, and a peer influence questionnaire. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were also obtained. RESULTS The findings reveal insufficient energy intakes, physical activity levels and fruit and vegetable consumption but high intakes of saturated fat and sodium, over time, in both boys and girls. Both male calcium and female iron intakes were also of concern. Throughout the survey, peers were found to influence physical activity behaviour but not dietary intake. CONCLUSIONS The fact that youth consistently failed to meet established nutrition and physical activity recommendations highlights the importance of promoting physical activity and healthy eating to children younger than 9 years of age. The finding that peers significantly influence physical activity behaviour over time should be considered when designing new physical activity interventions aimed at young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Coppinger
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
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142
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Pereira SA, Seabra AT, Silva RG, Katzmarzyk PT, Beunen GP, Maia JA. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and physical activity levels in children from Azores Islands. Ann Hum Biol 2010; 37:682-91. [DOI: 10.3109/03014461003639223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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143
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Schmeer KK. Household income during childhood and young adult weight status: evidence from a nutrition transition setting. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2010; 51:79-91. [PMID: 20420296 PMCID: PMC4058819 DOI: 10.1177/0022146509361178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article explores whether household income at different stages of childhood is associated with weight status in early adulthood in a nutrition transition setting (a developing country with both underweight and overweight populations). I use multinomial logistic regression to analyze prospective, longitudinal data from Cebu, Philippines. Results suggest that increasing prenatal income is associated with lower risk of being underweight at age 21, while increasing income during childhood is associated with an increased risk of being overweight at age 21. When gender differences are considered, prenatal income has an important protective effect against the risk of being overweight for girls. For boys, prenatal income has little effect on overweight status, but early childhood income increases their risk of becoming overweight. For both boys and girls, income in mid-childhood (ages 9-12) is associated with a particularly high risk of becoming overweight by age 21, net of earlier income. These results suggest that, in this nutrition transition setting, childhood income operates through complex developmental and behavioral mechanisms to affect early adult overweight status; and that increasing household income after birth may do little to prevent underweight status in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kammi K Schmeer
- Department of Sociology,The Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Brown JE, Broom DH, Nicholson JM, Bittman M. Do working mothers raise couch potato kids? Maternal employment and children's lifestyle behaviours and weight in early childhood. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:1816-24. [PMID: 20299142 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alarm about the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has focussed attention on individual lifestyle behaviours that may contribute to unhealthy weight. More distal predictors such as maternal employment may also be implicated since working mothers have less time to supervise children's daily activities. The research reported here used two waves of data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children to investigate whether mothers' hours in paid work shape young children's television viewing, snacking and physical activity, and through those lifestyle behaviours, children's weight at ages 4-5 years and 6-7 years. At both ages, children's lifestyle behaviours were interrelated and associated with weight status. Cross-sectional analysis confirmed small, direct associations between longer hours of maternal employment and child weight at age 4-5 years, but not with child's weight measured two years later. In both the cross-sectional and prospective analyses, the children of mothers who worked part-time watched less television and were less likely to be overweight than children of mothers who were not employed or who worked full-time. While associations were small, they remained significant after adjustment for maternal weight, household income and other factors. The combination of direct and indirect relationships between mothers' work hours and the weight status of their young children provides additional support to calls for family-friendly work policies as an important means for promoting healthy family lifestyles and early childhood wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Brown
- University of New England, School of Cognitive, Behavioural and Social Sciences, Booloominbah Drive, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia.
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Haug E, Rasmussen M, Samdal O, Iannotti R, Kelly C, Borraccino A, Vereecken C, Melkevik O, Lazzeri G, Giacchi M, Ercan O, Due P, Ravens-Sieberer U, Currie C, Morgan A, Ahluwalia N. Overweight in school-aged children and its relationship with demographic and lifestyle factors: results from the WHO-Collaborative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Int J Public Health 2009; 54 Suppl 2:167-79. [PMID: 19618111 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-009-5408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine overweight prevalence and its association with demographic and lifestyle factors in 11-15 year olds in the HBSC 2005-2006 survey. METHODS Self-reports of height, weight, eating patterns, physical activity and sedentary behaviours were obtained from nationally representative samples in 41 countries (n=204,534). RESULTS Overweight prevalence was highest in USA (28.8 %) and lowest in Latvia (7.6 %). In most countries, overweight was more prevalent in boys than girls. Overweight was consistently negatively associated with breakfast consumption and moderate to vigorous physical activity; OR range: 0.48-0.79 and 0.50-0.78, respectively. CONCLUSION Overweight prevalence in youth remained high across the countries examined. The primary factors linked to overweight were breakfast consumption and physical activity. These data should contribute to formulating preventive programs and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Haug
- Research Centre for Health Promotion, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
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146
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo identify lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors of overweight among male college students.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingAnnual health checkup in a single university in Japan.ParticipantsMale students who underwent two successive health checkups from their third school year between 2000 and 2007 and whose BMI at baseline of this study was 22·0 kg/m2 or more (n 4634).ResultsDuring the 1-year follow-up, 598 students (12·9 %) reached the study endpoint, i.e. more than a 5 % increase in BMI. Independent risk factors for substantial BMI increase included infrequent exercise (OR = 1·33; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·60), no or infrequent alcohol drinking (OR = 1·30; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·57), frequently skipping breakfast (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·61), preference for fatty food (OR 1·36; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·78) and living alone (OR = 1·23; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·52). Students were readily stratified according to risk for substantial BMI gain by counting the number of their risk factors. OR (95 % CI) for the risk between the no risk factor group and students with two, three, four and five risk factors were 1·61 (0·96, 2·70), 2·24 (1·34, 3·75), 2·42 (1·39, 4·23) and 6·22 (2·58, 15·0), respectively.ConclusionThese data suggest that avoidance of certain risk factors in college life is associated with a decrease in incidence of overweight among male students.
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Boneberger A, von Kries R, Milde-Busch A, Bolte G, Rochat MK, Rückinger S. Association between peer relationship problems and childhood overweight/obesity. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98:1950-5. [PMID: 19681766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the association between peer relationship problems and childhood overweight and obesity. METHODS Data on 4718 preschool children were obtained at the obligatory school entry health examination in Bavaria. Parentally reported peer relationship problems ('normal', 'borderline' or 'abnormal') were assessed from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Overweight and obesity were defined according to age- and gender-specific BMI cut-off points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to control potential confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among children with 'borderline' or 'abnormal' peer relationship problems compared to 'normal' children. The association of 'abnormal' peer relationship problems was still significant in the final logistic regression model for girls [odds ratio (OR) for overweight 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-3.0; OR for obesity 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.0]. Among boys the adjusted odds ratio were lower and no longer significant. CONCLUSION The significantly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children with peer relationship problems could not be explained by confounding. It seems evident that there is a relevant co-morbidity of peer relationship problems and obesity in pre-school children pointing to the need of interventions focusing on both physical as well as psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Boneberger
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-9-year-old children in Aveiro, Portugal: comparison between IOTF and CDC references. Public Health Nutr 2009; 14:14-9. [PMID: 19825211 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980009991789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from Aveiro, Portugal, according to two criteria: the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cut-offs. DESIGN Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Using the BMI, gender- and age-specific prevalences of overweight and obesity were determined according to the IOTF cut-offs extrapolated from an adult BMI of 25 and 30 kg/m2 and the CDC cut-off values of 85th and 95th BMI percentile. SETTING Aveiro, Portugal. SUBJECTS A random representative sample of 905 children (457 boys; 448 girls) aged 7-9 years. RESULTS The prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) was lowest according to IOTF cut-offs compared to CDC (28.1 % v. 31.2 %), especially obesity (8.1 % v. 14.0 %). However, the CDC and IOTF criteria have a strong agreement (Cohen's k = 0.755; P < 0.001). There were significant differences in excess weight between boys and girls according to the CDC (26.9 % v. 35.7 %; P = 0.003). Obese children are younger and the majority present abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows a high prevalence of excess weight in Aveiro children, similar to other Portuguese regions and among the highest in Europe, especially in the female gender. The IOTF cut-off values give a lower prevalence of excess weight, namely obesity.
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Effects of peer influence on dietary intake and physical activity in schoolchildren. Public Health Nutr 2009; 13:376-83. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980009991315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the dietary intake and physical activity of boys and girls aged 9–13 years, and the influence of peers on these behaviours.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNine primary and secondary schools in south-west London.SubjectsA total of 315 children wore sealed pedometers, provided self-report measures of dietary intake and answered a questionnaire relating to peer influence. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were also obtained.ResultsObese children had the lowest reported energy intakes and the lowest step counts per day. Boys took significantly more steps per day than girls, however girls were closer to achieving their recommended cut-offs for physical activity. Girls had lower energy intakes per day and lower BMI Z-scores than boys, however both genders, across all age groups, had higher than recommended intakes of saturated fat. There were significant associations between peer influence and physical activity levels but not between peer influence and dietary intake.ConclusionsLow energy intake and physical activity levels but high saturated fat intakes among boys and girls across all age groups highlight the importance of promoting both physical activity and healthy food choices. The finding that peers have a significant effect on physical activity levels but not on dietary intake offers an important approach for the design of health promotion interventions and obesity prevention programmes. Such designs may be particularly beneficial for obese youth, since the low physical activity levels found could be a major contributing factor to the maintenance of the condition.
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150
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of obesity in the Balearic Islands' adolescents. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands (2007-2008). A random sample (n 1231) of the adolescent population (12-17 year old) was interviewed. Anthropometric measurements, two non-consecutive 24 h recalls and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to sociodemographic and lifestyle variables including the physical activity questionnaire were used. The prevalence of overweight was 19.9 % (boys) and 15.5 % (girls), and obesity 12.7 % (boys) and 8.5 % (girls). The main risk factors associated with a higher prevalence of obesity were low parental education level (boys OR: 3.47; 95 % CI: 1.58, 7.62; girls OR: 3.29; 95 % CI: 1.38, 7.89), to skip meals (boys OR: 4.99; 95 % CI: 2.1, 11.54; girls OR: 2.20; 95 % CI: 0.99, 4.89), age (12-13-year-old boys; OR: 2.75; 95 % CI: 1.14, 6.64), attention to mass media (television (TV)+radio; boys OR: 1.50; 95 % CI: 0.81, 2.84; girls OR: 2.06; 95 % CI: 0.91, 4.68), short sleep (boys OR: 3.42; 95 % CI: 0.88, 13.26), low parental socioeconomic status (girls OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 10.05 ) and smoking (girls OR: 2.51; 95 % CI: 0.88, 7.13). A programme of action including school healthy education and promotion programmes targeted at parents and adolescents are needed. These programmes may be mainly focused to increase educational level, to make the adolescents to be aware of to skip meals and to smoke are not appropriate methods to reduce the risk of obesity, but the usefulness is to do not eat while watching TV, to sleep 8-10 h/d and to be physically active.
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